TY - GEN T1 - Clinical pharmacology of thalidomide. AN - 69978235; 11365075 JF - AIDS clinical care AU - Trapnell, C B Y1 - 1998/01// PY - 1998 DA - January 1998 SP - 3 EP - 3, 8 VL - 10 IS - 1 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Thalidomide KW - 4Z8R6ORS6L KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Half-Life KW - Humans KW - Hydrolysis KW - Thalidomide -- pharmacokinetics KW - HIV Wasting Syndrome -- drug therapy KW - Thalidomide -- therapeutic use KW - Thalidomide -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69978235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AIDS+clinical+care&rft.atitle=Clinical+pharmacology+of+thalidomide.&rft.au=Trapnell%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Trapnell&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+clinical+care&rft.issn=10431543&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two NIOSH resources for implementing workplace safety and health surveillance. AN - 79554581; 9472350 AB - To improve safety and health in the workplace, appropriate occupational health programs should be implemented utilizing expertise from multiple disciplines. In other words, the occupational health program should be a team effort. Expertise from all aspects of occupational health should be utilized, from the industrial hygienist, to the safety officer, to the occupational health nurse, and the practicing physician--all should be involved in the program to maintain a safe and healthy workplace. Two NIOSH resources have been described to assist the occupational health professional in the improvement of safety and health in the workplace. First, the SHEO approach, where a separate SHEO list is to be developed for each workplace. This may be a problem when the physician is an outside contractor, but with the help of the team approach, a list of SHEOs can be developed. Second, medical screening and biological monitoring is often required. While we realize that medical screening and biological monitoring is part of the complete occupational health program, the table of medical tests that we have prepared may give some leads into the type(s) of medical tests to be conducted on the individual worker at a particular worksite. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Murthy, L I AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/12/26/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 26 SP - 319 EP - 352 VL - 837 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Solvents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Mass Screening KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Humans KW - Urinalysis KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79554581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Two+NIOSH+resources+for+implementing+workplace+safety+and+health+surveillance.&rft.au=Murthy%2C+L+I&rft.aulast=Murthy&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-12-26&rft.volume=837&rft.issue=&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brief exposure of air-filled guinea-pig isolated trachea to low levels of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) vapor in vitro increases reactivity to methacholine. AN - 79548003; 9457998 AB - Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) causes occupational asthma characterized by inflammation and hyperreactivity of airways to irritants and bronchoconstrictor drugs. We examined the non-immune, direct effect of TDI on airway reactivity in vitro in the absence of an inflammatory response using the guinea-pig isolated, perfused trachea preparation to measure reactivity to methacholine (MCh), and fixed point ion mobility spectrometry to measure moment to moment levels of TDI vapor in air that was delivered to the tracheal mucosa. MCh was added to the mucosal modified Krebs-Henseleit (MKH) perfusing solution to generate control concentration-response curves for contractile responses. The lumen was then emptied and perfused with air or air containing 5, 20 or 70 ppb TDI vapor, after which the trachea was perfused with MKH solution and reactivity to MCh was re-examined. After only 30 min of treatment, TDI vapor concentration-dependently increased reactivity of the trachea to MCh (2.4- and 2.9-fold, respectively, for 20 and 70 ppb TDI; 5 ppb TDI and air alone had no effect). In tracheas treated in vitro with 2 microM capsaicin to deplete tachykinins, TDI caused the same (4-fold) increase in reactivity to MCh that was observed in control tracheas. However, TDI vapor (70 ppb) no longer enhanced reactivity to MCh in tracheas from which the epithelium had been removed. Our results indicate that a direct, non-immune, non-inflammatory action of TDI on respiratory epithelium leads to hyperreactivity of airways in vitro. JF - Toxicology AU - Huang, J AU - Frazer, D G AU - Millecchia, L L AU - Fedan, J S AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2845, USA. Y1 - 1997/12/26/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 26 SP - 83 EP - 93 VL - 124 IS - 2 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Bronchoconstrictor Agents KW - 0 KW - Methacholine Chloride KW - 0W5ETF9M2K KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate KW - 17X7AFZ1GH KW - Capsaicin KW - S07O44R1ZM KW - Index Medicus KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Perfusion KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Air KW - Male KW - Epithelium -- drug effects KW - Capsaicin -- pharmacology KW - Methacholine Chloride -- pharmacology KW - Bronchoconstrictor Agents -- pharmacology KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate -- pharmacology KW - Trachea -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79548003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Brief+exposure+of+air-filled+guinea-pig+isolated+trachea+to+low+levels+of+toluene+diisocyanate+%28TDI%29+vapor+in+vitro+increases+reactivity+to+methacholine.&rft.au=Huang%2C+J%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BMillecchia%2C+L+L%3BFedan%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-26&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-17 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The number and cost of immigrants on Medicaid: national and state estimates AN - 59785617; 1998-0502440 AB - National and state-by-state estimates, based on 1994 data; in light of 1996 federal welfare reform legislation barring legal immigrants arriving after 1996 from Medicaid program participation. US Department of Health and Human Services funded research. Based on data from the Medicaid Quality Control data base, with additional information from the Social Security Administration about Supplemental Security Income recipients; 1994. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, December 16 1997. AU - Ku, Leighton AU - Kessler, Bethany Y1 - 1997/12/16/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 16 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Medicaid program -- United States KW - Immigrants -- Medical care KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Health insurance -- United States KW - Public welfare -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59785617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ku%2C+Leighton%3BKessler%2C+Bethany&rft.aulast=Ku&rft.aufirst=Leighton&rft.date=1997-12-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+number+and+cost+of+immigrants+on+Medicaid%3A+national+and+state+estimates&rft.title=The+number+and+cost+of+immigrants+on+Medicaid%3A+national+and+state+estimates&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/health/reports/xsimmigr.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiological "constants" for PBPK models for pregnancy. AN - 79435882; 9388532 AB - Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for pregnancy are inherently more complex than conventional PBPK models due to the growth of the maternal and embryo/fetal tissues. Physiological parameters such as compartmental volumes or flow rates are relatively constant at any particular time during gestation when an acute experiment might be conducted, but vary greatly throughout the course of gestation (e.g., contrast relative fetal weight during the first month of gestation with the ninth month). Maternal physiological parameters change during gestation, depending upon the particular system; for example, cardiac output increases by approximately 50% during human gestation; plasma protein concentration decreases during pregnancy; overall metabolism remains fairly constant. Maternal compartmental volumes may change by 10-30%; embryo/fetal volume increases over a billionfold from conception to birth. Data describing these physiological changes in the human are available from the literature. Human embryo/fetal growth can be well described using the Gompertz equation. By contrast, very little of these same types of data is available for the laboratory animal. In the rodent there is a dearth of information during organogenesis as to embryo weights, and even less organ or tissue weight or volume data during embryonic or fetal periods. Allometric modeling offers a reasonable choice to extrapolate (approximately) from humans to animals; validation, however, is confined to comparisons with limited data during the late embryonic and fetal periods of development (after gestation d 11 in the rat and mouse). Embryonic weight measurements are limited by the small size of the embryo and the current state of technology. However, the application of the laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) to optically section intact embryos offers the capability of precise structural measurements and computer-generated three-dimensional reconstruction of early embryos. Application of these PBPK models of pregnancy in laboratory animal models at teratogenically sensitive periods of development provides exposure values at specific target tissues. These exposures provide fundamentally important data to help design and interpret molecular probe investigations into mechanisms of teratogenesis. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Young, J F AU - Branham, W S AU - Sheehan, D M AU - Baker, M E AU - Wosilait, W D AU - Luecke, R H AD - Division of Reproductive and Development Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. JYOUNG@NCTR.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1997/12/12/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 12 SP - 385 EP - 401 VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Gestational Age KW - Rodentia KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Pregnancy -- metabolism KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- physiology KW - Fetus -- physiology KW - Pregnancy -- physiology KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- metabolism KW - Models, Biological KW - Fetus -- metabolism KW - Pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79435882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Physiological+%22constants%22+for+PBPK+models+for+pregnancy.&rft.au=Young%2C+J+F%3BBranham%2C+W+S%3BSheehan%2C+D+M%3BBaker%2C+M+E%3BWosilait%2C+W+D%3BLuecke%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-12&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cbl-mediated regulation of T cell receptor-induced AP1 activation. Implications for activation via the Ras signaling pathway. AN - 79441089; 9388222 AB - The functional role of Cbl in regulating T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signal transduction pathways is unknown. This study uses Cbl overexpression in conjunction with a Ras-sensitive AP1 reporter construct to examine its role in regulating TCR-mediated activation of the Ras pathway. Cbl overexpression in Jurkat T cells inhibited AP1 activity after TCR ligation. However, AP1 induction by 4beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which up-regulates Ras activity in a protein kinase C-dependent, TCR/tyrosine kinase-independent manner, was not affected by Cbl overexpression. Cbl overexpression also did not affect AP1 induction by an activated Ras protein or a membrane-bound form of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos. In addition, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase Erk2 was decreased by Cbl overexpression. Therefore, Cbl regulates events that are required for full TCR-mediated Ras activation, and data are presented to support a model whereby Cbl regulates events required for Ras activation via its association with Grb2. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Rellahan, B L AU - Graham, L J AU - Stoica, B AU - DeBell, K E AU - Bonvini, E AD - Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Therapeutics Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. rellahan@a1.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/12/05/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 05 SP - 30806 EP - 30811 VL - 272 IS - 49 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing KW - 0 KW - Drosophila Proteins KW - GRB2 Adaptor Protein KW - GRB2 protein, human KW - Proteins KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl KW - EC 2.3.2.27 KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - ras Proteins KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Cbl protein, Drosophila KW - EC 6.3.2.- KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein Kinase C -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Up-Regulation -- drug effects KW - Jurkat Cells KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell -- metabolism KW - ras Proteins -- metabolism KW - Signal Transduction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79441089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Cbl-mediated+regulation+of+T+cell+receptor-induced+AP1+activation.+Implications+for+activation+via+the+Ras+signaling+pathway.&rft.au=Rellahan%2C+B+L%3BGraham%2C+L+J%3BStoica%2C+B%3BDeBell%2C+K+E%3BBonvini%2C+E&rft.aulast=Rellahan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-12-05&rft.volume=272&rft.issue=49&rft.spage=30806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-08 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury deaths of 16 and 17 year olds in the US: trends and comparisons with older workers. AN - 79565515; 9493624 AB - To examine patterns of occupational injury deaths of 16 and 17 year olds in the United States for the three year period 1990-2, examine trends since the 1980s, and compare fatality rates with those of older workers. Occupational injury deaths were analyzed using the death certificate based National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system. Fatality rates were calculated using estimates of full time equivalent (FTE) workers based on data from the Current Population Survey, a monthly household survey. There were 111 deaths of 16 and 17 year olds for the years 1990-2. The average yearly rate was 3.5 deaths/100,000 FTE. The leading causes of death were motor vehicle related, homicide, and machinery related. All causes occupational injury fatality rates for 16 and 17 year olds were lower than for adults for 1990-2. Rates for the leading causes of death (motor vehicle related, homicide, and machinery related) were comparable or slightly higher than the rates for young and middle aged adult workers. Although rates decreased dramatically from 1980 to 1983, the decreasing trend attenuated in later years. Comparisons of youth fatality rates to those of adult workers should address differences in patterns of employment, most importantly hours of work. Comparisons to narrow age groupings of adults is preferable to a single category of all workers 18 years and older. Increasing compliance with federal child labor regulations could help reduce work related deaths of youth. Other measures are needed, however, as there are many work hazards, including those associated with homicides, that are not addressed by United States federal child labor law regulations. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Castillo, D N AU - Malit, B D AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 277 EP - 281 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Employment -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Child Welfare -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Death Certificates KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Cause of Death -- trends KW - Accidents, Occupational -- trends KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79565515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+deaths+of+16+and+17+year+olds+in+the+US%3A+trends+and+comparisons+with+older+workers.&rft.au=Castillo%2C+D+N%3BMalit%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Castillo&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Public Health. 1991 Dec;81(12):1613-8 [1836109] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(6):739-45 [1882852] Pediatrics. 1992 May;89(5 Pt 1):957-60 [1533709] JAMA. 1993 Jun 2;269(21):2754-9 [8492401] Am J Dis Child. 1993 Oct;147(10):1044-7 [8213673] Am J Public Health. 1994 Apr;84(4):606-11 [8154564] Am J Public Health. 1994 Apr;84(4):646-9 [7755674] Am J Public Health. 1994 Apr;84(4):657-60 [8154574] Am J Ind Med. 1994 Dec;26(6):803-7 [7892831] South Med J. 1995 May;88(5):550-4 [7732446] Aust J Public Health. 1995 Feb;19(1):46-9 [7734593] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Jun;27(6):793-805 [7645574] Can J Public Health. 1995 Jul-Aug;86(4):246-8 [7497410] Am J Ind Med. 1996 Feb;29(2):153-60 [8821358] J Occup Environ Med. 1997 Aug;39(8):715-21 [9273874] Inj Prev. 1996 Sep;2(3):178-80 [9346085] Inj Prev. 1996 Dec;2(4):274-7 [9346107] Am J Ind Med. 1988;14(5):585-95 [3228072] Can J Public Health. 1989 Nov-Dec;80(6):435-40 [2611742] Annu Rev Public Health. 1990;11:359-75 [2191666] Am J Public Health. 1991 Jun;81(6):725-8 [1827569] Am J Public Health. 1992 Apr;82(4):557-60 [1532115] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of myocardial proteins from lead-exposed rabbits. AN - 79563947; 9504838 AB - Despite reported adverse effects, the cardiovascular toxicity of lead remains controversial. The purpose of the present study was to determine if low-level subchronic exposure of rabbits to lead would produce detectable, concentration-dependent changes in myocardial proteins. Lead was administered to male Dutch Belted rabbits as a lead acetate solution, adjusted weekly to achieve and maintain the target blood lead levels of 0, 20, 40, and 80 microg/dL for 15 weeks. Lead exposures did not affect heart or body weights. Myocardial concentrations of lead at sacrifice were 58+/-25, 69+/-23, 102+/-62, and 105+/-37 ng/g. Of 808 individual proteins resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) in ventricular homogenates, 162 had coefficients of variation < 20%. A number of proteins were tentatively identified based on coordinate positions homologous to other established 2-DE patterns. Despite variable expression of some protein spots, none of the protein abundances analyzed were found to be significantly altered (P < 0.001) by the lead exposures studied. Therefore results show no detectable effect of a low-body burden of lead on major myocardial proteins of the rabbit. JF - Electrophoresis AU - Toraason, M AU - Moorman, W AU - Mathias, P I AU - Fultz, C AU - Witzmann, F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 2978 EP - 2982 VL - 18 IS - 15 SN - 0173-0835, 0173-0835 KW - Proteins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Organ Size -- physiology KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Rabbits KW - Male KW - Myocardium -- chemistry KW - Lead Poisoning -- blood KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional KW - Proteins -- analysis KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79563947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrophoresis&rft.atitle=Two-dimensional+electrophoretic+analysis+of+myocardial+proteins+from+lead-exposed+rabbits.&rft.au=Toraason%2C+M%3BMoorman%2C+W%3BMathias%2C+P+I%3BFultz%2C+C%3BWitzmann%2C+F&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=2978&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Electrophoresis&rft.issn=01730835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-01 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amendments to the Center for Devices and Radiological Health federal performance standard for laser products. AN - 79556822; 10176360 AB - Federal law requires that all laser products that are imported into or introduced into commerce in the United States comply with the performance standard published in the Code of Federal Regulations (CRF), Title 21, Parts 1040.10 and 1040.11, administered by the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), US Food and Drug Administration. Although it contains somewhat different requirements for hazard classification, engineering controls and labeling, the ANSI Z136.1 standard defers to the CDRH standard. The CDRH standard became effective in August, 1976 and was amended, in 1978 and also in 1985. In the early 1990s, US experts met to formulate an approach to bring the requirements of the CDRH standard and those of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard, IEC 825, into closer agreement in order to lower barriers to international trade and to remove any excessive compliance burdens on manufacturers. In 1993, the CDRH published, formally in the Federal Register and informally, a Notice of Intent to amend the CDRH standard. Responses to those notices have now been analyzed and informal draft amendments were distributed in 1996. This draft is now being prepared for formal issuance as a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. Meanwhile, the IEC standard was amended in 1993 and republished as IEC 825-1; these amendments created considerable controversy since they resulted in over classification of the hazard of many products, especially light emitting diodes (LEDs) that have a large divergence and increased source dimensions. Additional amendments are now being developed to correct this problem. The CDRH has carefully monitored developments in the IEC and actively participated in its proceedings as a guide in developing its own proposal. This paper describes the major changes that are being proposed for the CDRH standard and presents some rationale for the major changes. The more significant changes include expansion of applicability to include LEDs, reduced emission durations for classification, revised measurement for hazard classification, reduced performance requirements for lower power visible radiation products, and revised requirements for medical products. JF - Journal of laser applications AU - Dennis, J E AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 301 EP - 305 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1042-346X, 1042-346X KW - Air Pollutants, Radioactive KW - 0 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Equipment Design KW - Annual Reports as Topic KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Air Pollutants, Radioactive -- analysis KW - Equipment Safety KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Guideline Adherence -- standards KW - Guideline Adherence -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Lasers -- standards KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79556822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+laser+applications&rft.atitle=Amendments+to+the+Center+for+Devices+and+Radiological+Health+federal+performance+standard+for+laser+products.&rft.au=Dennis%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Dennis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+laser+applications&rft.issn=1042346X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Women: work and health. AN - 79547838; 9470482 AB - This report describes the sociodemographics, household characteristics, and health of women according to workforce status and job conditions. The report also presents data on men for comparison. This report combines data from numerous data systems, including: The National Health Interview Survey, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Maternal and Infant Health Survey, National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities Surveillance System, and the National Occupational Mortality Surveillance System, which are conducted by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and Annual Survey of Occupational injuries and illnesses conducted by the U.S. Department of Labor; and the Current Population Survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Commerce. The report also presents selected tables from publications of the Women's Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. The report presents summary data on physical conditions and exposures, health conditions attributed to work, other health conditions that impact on work, health promotion in the workplace, and health-related benefits provided by employers. Most estimates are shown according to sex, age, race, ethnicity, educational attainment, and major occupational group. JF - Vital & health statistics. Series 3, Analytical and epidemiological studies AU - Wagener, D K AU - Walstedt, J AU - Jenkins, L AU - Burnett, C AU - Lalich, N AU - Fingerhut, M AD - National Center for Health Statistics, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, USA. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 1 EP - 91 IS - 31 SN - 0886-4691, 0886-4691 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Health Status KW - Aged KW - Survival Rate KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Adult KW - Health Benefit Plans, Employee -- statistics & numerical data KW - Health Surveys KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Incidence KW - Health Behavior KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Gender Identity KW - Absenteeism KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Women's Health KW - Women, Working -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Workplace -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79547838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vital+%26+health+statistics.+Series+3%2C+Analytical+and+epidemiological+studies&rft.atitle=Women%3A+work+and+health.&rft.au=Wagener%2C+D+K%3BWalstedt%2C+J%3BJenkins%2C+L%3BBurnett%2C+C%3BLalich%2C+N%3BFingerhut%2C+M&rft.aulast=Wagener&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=31&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vital+%26+health+statistics.+Series+3%2C+Analytical+and+epidemiological+studies&rft.issn=08864691&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health guidance values for chemical mixtures: current practice and future directions. AN - 79542951; 9441922 AB - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) utilizes chemical-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist in evaluating public health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances. The MRLs are derived based on the data compiled from current worldwide literature searches and presented in ATSDR's toxicological profiles. These documents profile not only individual chemicals, but also groups of chemically related compounds and chemical mixtures. ATSDR took several approaches when developing MRLs for chemical mixtures. In some instances, toxicity equivalency factors were used to estimate the toxicity of the whole mixture; in other instances, the most toxic chemical was assumed to drive the health assessment for the whole mixture. Another approach was to treat the mixture as one entity and develop a health guidance value for the whole mixture. In yet another approach, each chemical of the mixture was evaluated separately and several health guidance values were developed. In the future, ATSDR will evaluate priority chemical mixtures found at hazardous waste sites. A weight-of-evidence approach, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and bench-mark dose modeling, and quantitative structure-activity relationships will have an impact on the development of MRLs and the assessment of chemical mixtures. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Pohl, H R AU - Hansen, H AU - Chou, C H AD - Division of Toxicology, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 322 EP - 329 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Index Medicus KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Forecasting KW - Risk Assessment KW - Public Health -- standards KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79542951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Public+health+guidance+values+for+chemical+mixtures%3A+current+practice+and+future+directions.&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3BHansen%2C+H%3BChou%2C+C+H&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the embryotoxic potential of the total hydrolysis product of fumonisin B1 using cultured organogenesis-staged rat embryos. AN - 79529012; 9449218 AB - Aminopentol (AP1) is the total hydrolysis product of fumonisin B1 (FB1), the major and best characterized of the fumonisins, which are mycotoxins that are common contaminants of corn and corn meal. Some human populations expected to have significant exposure to AP1 have a high incidence of babies born with neural tube defects (NTD). The embryotoxicity of AP1 was evaluated in cultured rat embryos. Gestation day 9.5 embryos were exposed to 0, 3, 10, 30, 100 or 300 microM AP1 throughout the entire 45-hr culture period. At 100 microM AP1, growth and overall development were reduced significantly. There was also a significant increase in the incidence of abnormal embryos. 29% of the embryos had NTD, and 36% of the embryos had other abnormalities. At 300 microM AP1, the incidence of NTD was 15%, and 85% of the embryos had other abnormalities. These findings suggest that AP1, at concentrations of 100 microM and above, can induce NTD in organogenesis-stage cultured rat embryos. However, these NTD are in conjunction with significant overall retardation of growth and development as well as significant increases in the incidence of other defects. These studies also showed, when compared with previous findings, that AP1 is over 100-fold less toxic than FB1 to cultured rat embryos. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Flynn, T J AU - Stack, M E AU - Troy, A L AU - Chirtel, S J AD - Division of Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 1135 EP - 1141 VL - 35 IS - 12 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Teratogens KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Morphogenesis KW - Neural Tube Defects -- chemically induced KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Organ Culture Techniques KW - Female KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced KW - Carboxylic Acids -- chemistry KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- drug effects KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79529012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+embryotoxic+potential+of+the+total+hydrolysis+product+of+fumonisin+B1+using+cultured+organogenesis-staged+rat+embryos.&rft.au=Flynn%2C+T+J%3BStack%2C+M+E%3BTroy%2C+A+L%3BChirtel%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupation and cervical cancer: an opportunity for prevention. AN - 79522543; 9437639 AB - Cervical cancer remains an important health problem for women. Few published studies have examined cervical cancer with respect to a woman's occupation. This study examines the association of cervical cancer mortality and occupation in a large national database. The purpose of the study is to recommend which occupations may most require health promotion activities. Mortality data from the National Occupational Mortality Surveillance System were used to calculate the proportion of deaths from cervical cancer according to occupation. This study is based on standardized death certificate data for almost 2 million deaths among women in 27 states, covering the period 1985-1990. Our results are consistent with those in previous studies, with service and apparel manufacturing workers showing elevated risk. Data presented show a difference in cervical cancer mortality by occupational group. Identification of these occupations suggests which women could be targeted for preventive services. Women in occupations with low socioeconomic status are less likely to have access to health promotion programs. Resources should be directed to these women. JF - Journal of women's health AU - Alterman, T AU - Burnett, C AU - Peipins, L AU - Lalich, N AU - Halperin, W AD - Division of Surveillance, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 649 EP - 657 VL - 6 IS - 6 SN - 1059-7115, 1059-7115 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - African Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adult KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- statistics & numerical data KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Poisson Distribution KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Population Surveillance KW - Health Promotion KW - Occupational Diseases -- ethnology KW - Women, Working KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- ethnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79522543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+women%27s+health&rft.atitle=Occupation+and+cervical+cancer%3A+an+opportunity+for+prevention.&rft.au=Alterman%2C+T%3BBurnett%2C+C%3BPeipins%2C+L%3BLalich%2C+N%3BHalperin%2C+W&rft.aulast=Alterman&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+women%27s+health&rft.issn=10597115&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-26 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of tuberculosis infection among New York State prison employees. AN - 79511434; 9431293 AB - This study examined tuberculosis skin test conversions among 24,487 New York State prison employees in 1992. Conversions were analyzed by prison and by job category. The conversion rate was 1.9%. Employees in prisons with low and high numbers of prisoner cases had odds ratios for conversion of 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27, 2.19) and 2.20 (95% CI = 1.69, 2.87), respectively, relative to employees in prisons with no prisoner cases. In prisons with cases, guards and medical personnel had odds ratios of 1.64 (95% CI = 1.11, 2.43) and 2.39 (95% CI = 1.40, 4.08), respectively, relative to employees with little prisoner contact. In 1992, approximately one third of new infections among New York State prison employees were due to occupational exposure. JF - American journal of public health AU - Steenland, K AU - Levine, A J AU - Sieber, K AU - Schulte, P AU - Aziz, D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 2012 EP - 2014 VL - 87 IS - 12 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Tuberculin KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Occupations KW - New York -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Population Surveillance KW - Prisons KW - Health Personnel KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Tuberculosis -- epidemiology KW - Social Work KW - Police UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79511434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+tuberculosis+infection+among+New+York+State+prison+employees.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BLevine%2C+A+J%3BSieber%2C+K%3BSchulte%2C+P%3BAziz%2C+D&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2012&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-03 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Epidemiol. 1994 Jul 15;140(2):113-22 [8023800] J Infect Dis. 1994 Jul;170(1):151-6 [8014491] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward an integrated approach to molecular epidemiology. AN - 79469646; 9400332 AB - The emergence of "molecular epidemiology" as a scientific approach within the fields of epidemiology and toxicology has led to spirited discussion within the biomedical community, particularly in the area of cancer research. At scientific meetings and in peer-reviewed journals, numerous issues have been raised not only with regard to the practice of molecular epidemiology, but also with regard to its role in traditional epidemiology, toxicology, and risk assessment. Furthermore, the utility of information gleaned from such studies and the implications for public health have been the subject of considerable debate. Conceptual differences in how one views the function of epidemiologic and laboratory research may be reflected in discussions on the merits of molecular epidemiology. This commentary reviews some of the prevailing attitudes toward molecular epidemiology, with the goal of identifying areas of concern and suggesting means of achieving harmonization. The need for cross-training of epidemiologists and laboratory scientists is discussed, and suggestions are made for building successful collaborative relations across disciplines. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Ambrosone, C B AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/12/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 01 SP - 912 EP - 918 VL - 146 IS - 11 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Humans KW - Molecular Epidemiology -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79469646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Toward+an+integrated+approach+to+molecular+epidemiology.&rft.au=Ambrosone%2C+C+B%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Ambrosone&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=912&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Jun 1;149(11):1072-3 [10355384] Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Mar 1;149(5):401-3 [10067898] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Essential role of the consensus nucleotide-binding site of PtlH in secretion of pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis. AN - 79452819; 9393726 AB - PtlH is a member of a specialized set of transport proteins that is essential for secretion of pertussis toxin (PT) from Bordetella pertussis. Previously, PtlH was shown to contain a consensus nucleotide-binding motif. Here, we demonstrate that introduction of plasmids containing mutant forms of ptlH, altered in the putative nucleotide-binding region, into a wild-type strain of B. pertussis resulted in inhibition of PT secretion. Thus, this region of PtlH appears to be essential for protein function. Moreover, the observed dominant negative phenotype suggests that PtlH either functions as a multimer or interacts with another component necessary for secretion of PT. JF - Journal of bacteriology AU - Kotob, S I AU - Burns, D L AD - Laboratory of Pertussis, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 7577 EP - 7580 VL - 179 IS - 23 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - Membrane Transport Proteins KW - Nucleotides KW - PtlH protein, Bordetella pertussis KW - Virulence Factors, Bordetella KW - Pertussis Toxin KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nucleotides -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Biological Transport KW - Consensus Sequence KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Binding Sites KW - Virulence Factors, Bordetella -- metabolism KW - Bordetella pertussis -- genetics KW - Carrier Proteins -- metabolism KW - Bordetella pertussis -- metabolism KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79452819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.atitle=Essential+role+of+the+consensus+nucleotide-binding+site+of+PtlH+in+secretion+of+pertussis+toxin+from+Bordetella+pertussis.&rft.au=Kotob%2C+S+I%3BBurns%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Kotob&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=179&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=7577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-30 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 1993 Aug;175(16):4962-9 [8102361] Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1993 Mar-Apr;6(2):225-37 [8097122] Mol Microbiol. 1994 Apr;12(2):287-99 [8057853] J Bacteriol. 1995 Jan;177(1):27-36 [7798144] EMBO J. 1995 Apr 18;14(8):1664-73 [7737119] Infect Immun. 1995 Aug;63(8):3227-30 [7622254] J Biol Chem. 1996 Dec 6;271(49):31643-9 [8940184] J Bacteriol. 1997 Feb;179(3):583-91 [9006008] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 May;79(10):3129-33 [6954463] Biochemistry. 1982 Oct 26;21(22):5516-22 [6293544] Infect Immun. 1983 Jun;40(3):1198-203 [6682833] EMBO J. 1982;1(8):945-51 [6329717] Infect Immun. 1984 Dec;46(3):733-9 [6094357] Science. 1986 Jun 6;232(4755):1258-64 [3704651] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(13):4631-5 [2873570] Infect Immun. 1987 Jan;55(1):24-8 [3539804] J Biol Chem. 1987 Dec 25;262(36):17677-82 [3320046] Hybridoma. 1989 Feb;8(1):37-51 [2466764] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(24):9677-81 [2532360] J Bacteriol. 1991 Jul;173(14):4288-96 [2066330] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Apr 1;90(7):2970-4 [8464913] Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Aug 11;21(16):3637-42 [8367279] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer mortality among laundry and dry cleaning workers. AN - 79398848; 9358918 AB - A cancer mortality study of 8,163 deaths occurring among persons formerly employed as laundering and dry cleaning workers in 28 states is described. Age-adjusted sex-race cause-specific proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) and proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs) were computed for 1979 through 1990, using the corresponding 28-state mortality as the comparison. For those aged 15-64 years, there were excesses in black men for total cancer mortality (PMR = 130, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 105-159) and cancer of the esophagus 1 (PMR = 215, 95% CI = 111-376), and in white men for cancer of the larynx (PMR = 318, 95% CI = 117-693). For those aged 65 years and over, there were statistically nonsignificant excesses for cancer of the trachea, bronchus, and lung in black women (PMR = 128, CI = 94-170) and for cancer of other and unspecified female genital organs in white women (PMR = 225, CI = 97-443). The results of this and other studies point to the need for the effective implementation of available control measures to protect laundry and dry cleaning workers. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Walker, J T AU - Burnett, C A AU - Lalich, N R AU - Sestito, J P AU - Halperin, W E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 614 EP - 619 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - African Americans KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Laundering KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79398848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Cancer+mortality+among+laundry+and+dry+cleaning+workers.&rft.au=Walker%2C+J+T%3BBurnett%2C+C+A%3BLalich%2C+N+R%3BSestito%2C+J+P%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Evaluating two welfare-to-work program approaches: two-year findings on the labor force attachment and human capital development programs in three sites AN - 59781503; 1998-0500770 AB - Compares effectiveness of fast job placement (labor force attachment) versus training and skills development (human capital development); examples from 7 programs for single parents; 1991-92; US. US Department of Health and Human Services funded research. Describes programs in Georgia, Michigan, California, in which welfare recipients were randomly assigned to one of the two approaches, plus similar programs in Ohio, Oklahoma, and Oregon. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, December 1997. Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Work relief -- United States KW - Federal and state relations -- United States KW - Employment -- Single parents KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Public welfare -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59781503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Evaluating+two+welfare-to-work+program+approaches%3A+two-year+findings+on+the+labor+force+attachment+and+human+capital+development+programs+in+three+sites&rft.title=Evaluating+two+welfare-to-work+program+approaches%3A+two-year+findings+on+the+labor+force+attachment+and+human+capital+development+programs+in+three+sites&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/hsp/isp/2yrwtw/exsum.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of physical modelling and particle flow analysis to evaluate ore-pass design AN - 52238088; 2001-032582 AB - U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) accident statistics have identified ore-pass hazards as a significant safety problem in U.S. underground metal mines. The statistics show that nearly 75% of injuries are directly or indirectly related to pulling or freeing of ore-pass chutes, the use of hand tools in ore passes, falls of broken rock in ore passes and structural failures of chutes or gates and ore-pass walls. Researchers at the Spokane Research Laboratory of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are investigating hazards in and around are passes in hard rock mines. Risk assessment methods, such as fault-tree analysis, have been employed to identify the most probable causes of ore-pass failures, define research priorities and analyse the factors that result in malfunctioning and unsafe ore passes. Static and dynamic loads are being measured in a laboratory setting with the use of a reduced-scale ore-pass mock-up. Field tests are being initiated in mine ore passes to determine static and dynamic loads. Data from the test ore passes are being compared with data from the mine to characterize true system behaviour. Computer modelling with the use of closed-form solutions, finite-element analyses and a newly developed particle flow code predicts static and dynamic loads from the flow and the impact of ore and waste in the ore pass. Preliminary results indicate that dynamic impacts from ore and waste rock might be considerably greater than expected. The total static load is substantially less than is typically used for the structural design of chute and gate support members. It is suggested that damping factors, normal and shear stiffness and mass frictional characteristics have a significant effect on particle flow and resulting impact loads. This is being verified with the use of results from laboratory tests, field tests and particle flow analyses. JF - Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Transactions, Section A: Mining Industry AU - Beus, M J AU - Iverson, S AU - Stewart, B Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 110 EP - 117 PB - Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London VL - 106 SN - 0371-7844, 0371-7844 KW - United States KW - mining legislation KW - mining KW - geologic hazards KW - underground mining KW - simulation KW - physical models KW - safety KW - mining geology KW - risk assessment KW - faults KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52238088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Institution+of+Mining+and+Metallurgy%2C+Transactions%2C+Section+A%3A+Mining+Industry&rft.atitle=Application+of+physical+modelling+and+particle+flow+analysis+to+evaluate+ore-pass+design&rft.au=Beus%2C+M+J%3BIverson%2C+S%3BStewart%2C+B&rft.aulast=Beus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Institution+of+Mining+and+Metallurgy%2C+Transactions%2C+Section+A%3A+Mining+Industry&rft.issn=03717844&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - TIMNAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - design; faults; geologic hazards; mining; mining geology; mining legislation; physical models; risk assessment; safety; simulation; underground mining; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification of large seismic events at Lucky Friday Mine AN - 52234127; 2001-032586 AB - A study of large seismic events at the Lucky Friday mine in northern Idaho, U.S.A., revealed that, despite apparent randomness, there were common characteristics that could be used to define five types of recurring events. These common characteristics included slipping geological structure, first-motion pattern and the location and intensity of damage resulting from the seismic events. In all these events damage was concentrated at intersections between slipping structures and mine openings. The study was based on information collected in the course of a long-standing rockburst research programme conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Mines in cooperation with mines in the Coeur d'Alene mining district and regional universities. Data were collected on 39 seismic events having local magnitudes greater than 2.5 that occurred between 1989 and 1994. The study provides a foundation for the design of measures to reduce further the potential for damage arising from these events and to assess whether changes in mining activity aimed at reducing one type of rockburst will increase the incidence of other types. JF - Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Transactions, Section A: Mining Industry AU - Whyatt, J K AU - Blake, W AU - Williams, T J Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 148 EP - 162 PB - Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London VL - 106 SN - 0371-7844, 0371-7844 KW - United States KW - precursors KW - Idaho KW - shear zones KW - monitoring KW - in situ KW - geologic hazards KW - strike-slip faults KW - northern Idaho KW - Lucky Friday Mine KW - Coeur d'Alene mining district KW - seismicity KW - rock bursts KW - seismic risk KW - classification KW - microseisms KW - faults KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52234127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Institution+of+Mining+and+Metallurgy%2C+Transactions%2C+Section+A%3A+Mining+Industry&rft.atitle=Classification+of+large+seismic+events+at+Lucky+Friday+Mine&rft.au=Whyatt%2C+J+K%3BBlake%2C+W%3BWilliams%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Whyatt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Institution+of+Mining+and+Metallurgy%2C+Transactions%2C+Section+A%3A+Mining+Industry&rft.issn=03717844&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - TIMNAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - classification; Coeur d'Alene mining district; faults; geologic hazards; Idaho; in situ; Lucky Friday Mine; microseisms; monitoring; northern Idaho; precursors; rock bursts; seismic risk; seismicity; shear zones; strike-slip faults; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design methods to control violent pillar failures in room-and-pillar mines AN - 52234087; 2001-032584 AB - The sudden, violent collapse of large areas of room-and-pillar mines poses a special hazard for miners and mine operators. This type of failure, termed a "cascading pillar failure" (CPF), occurs when one pillar in a mine layout fails, transferring its load to neighbouring pillars, which causes them to fail, and so forth. Recent examples of this kind of failure in coal, metal and non-metal mines in the U.S.A. are documented. Mining engineers can limit the danger presented by these failures through improved mine design practices. Whether failure occurs in a slow, non-violent manner or in a rapid, violent manner is governed by the local mine stiffness stability criterion. This stability criterion is used as the basis for three design approaches to control cascading pillar failure in room-and-pillar mines-the containment approach, the prevention approach and the full extraction mining approach. These design approaches are illustrated with practical examples for coal mining at shallow depth. JF - Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Transactions, Section A: Mining Industry AU - Zipf, R Karl, Jr AU - Mark, Christopher Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - December 1997 SP - 124 EP - 132 PB - Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London VL - 106 SN - 0371-7844, 0371-7844 KW - mining KW - failures KW - geologic hazards KW - underground mining KW - roof control KW - mathematical models KW - land subsidence KW - rock mechanics KW - rock bursts KW - mining geology KW - Southern Africa KW - Africa KW - room-and-pillar mining KW - South Africa KW - design KW - pillars KW - Coalbrooke Colliery KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52234087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Institution+of+Mining+and+Metallurgy%2C+Transactions%2C+Section+A%3A+Mining+Industry&rft.atitle=Design+methods+to+control+violent+pillar+failures+in+room-and-pillar+mines&rft.au=Zipf%2C+R+Karl%2C+Jr%3BMark%2C+Christopher&rft.aulast=Zipf&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Institution+of+Mining+and+Metallurgy%2C+Transactions%2C+Section+A%3A+Mining+Industry&rft.issn=03717844&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - TIMNAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; Coalbrooke Colliery; design; failures; geologic hazards; land subsidence; mathematical models; mining; mining geology; pillars; rock bursts; rock mechanics; roof control; room-and-pillar mining; South Africa; Southern Africa; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of lipopolysaccharides electroblotted onto membranes AN - 16474066; 4393726 AB - Specific detection of LPS on nylon, as described in a previously published method, has been performed with Amersham's Hybond-N. The current reformulated Hybond-N nylon membrane of Amersham did not work with the method. Magna nylon (Micron Separations Inc.) has been found as a successful substitute with results similar to that of the old Hybond-N. Incorporation of 0.05% SDS in the 25 mM Tris-192 mM glycine transfer buffer resulted in specific detection for LPS and proteins with a high content of carbohydrate. Such a phenomenon seems unique to nylon but not for PVDF and nitrocellulose. JF - Journal of Endotoxin Research AU - Kao, G L AU - Tsai, C-M AD - Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bldg 29, Rm. 514, HFM-428, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 459 EP - 462 VL - 4 IS - 6 SN - 0968-0519, 0968-0519 KW - electroblotting KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - nylon KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - J 02821:Assays KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16474066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Endotoxin+Research&rft.atitle=Detection+of+lipopolysaccharides+electroblotted+onto+membranes&rft.au=Kao%2C+G+L%3BTsai%2C+C-M&rft.aulast=Kao&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Endotoxin+Research&rft.issn=09680519&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health risk assessment practices in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration AN - 16429247; 4328511 AB - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates a wide variety of consumer products. Safety issues involve chemical and microbial contaminants in food, biologics, and medical devices; side effects from prescription and nonprescription drugs; residues of animal drugs in food; and radiation from electronic devices. Because of this wide diversity, the legal standards, rules, and policies governing the regulation of these products differ considerably. Hence, risk assessment and risk management practices within the FDA are of necessity quite diverse. This paper presents a summary of risk assessment practices at each of the product centers of the FDA (Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, and Center for Veterinary Medicine) and of the development of risk assessment procedures at the National Center for Toxicological Research. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Axelrad, JA AU - Brown, R P AU - Cavagnaro, JA AU - Cyr, W H AU - Hulebak, K L AU - Lorentzen, R J AU - Miller, MA AU - Mulligan, L T AU - Schwetz, BA AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 307 EP - 321 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - USA KW - man KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - H 9000:Consumer and Recreation Safety KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16429247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Health+risk+assessment+practices+in+the+U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BAxelrad%2C+JA%3BBrown%2C+R+P%3BCavagnaro%2C+JA%3BCyr%2C+W+H%3BHulebak%2C+K+L%3BLorentzen%2C+R+J%3BMiller%2C+MA%3BMulligan%2C+L+T%3BSchwetz%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of tamoxifen-DNA adducts formed by 4-hydroxytamoxifen quinone methide AN - 16404785; 4286853 AB - Tamoxifen is a liver carcinogen in rats and has been shown to increase the risk of endometrial cancer in women. Recent reports of DNA adducts in leucocyte and endometrial samples from women treated with tamoxifen indicate that it may be genotoxic to humans. One of the proposed pathways for the metabolic activation of tamoxifen involves oxidation to 4-hydroxytamoxifen, which may be further oxidized to an electrophilic quinone methide. In the present study we show that 4-hydroxytamoxifen quinone methide reacts with DNA to form covalent adducts. The major products, which result from 1,8-addition of the exocyclic nitrogen of deoxyguanosine to the conjugated system of 4-hydroxytamoxifen quinone methide, are characterized as (E)- and (Z)- alpha -(deoxyguanosin-N super(2)-yl)-4-hydroxytamoxifen. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Marques, M M AU - Beland, F A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 1949 EP - 1954 VL - 18 IS - 12 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - 4-hydroxytamoxifen quinone methide KW - DNA adducts KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - X 24117:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16404785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Identification+of+tamoxifen-DNA+adducts+formed+by+4-hydroxytamoxifen+quinone+methide&rft.au=Marques%2C+M+M%3BBeland%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Marques&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1949&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risks of occupational respiratory diseases among U.S. coal miners AN - 16400123; 4308946 AB - The excess (exposure-attributable) risks of certain respiratory diseases and outcomes were estimated for U.S. coal miners exposed to respirable coal mine dust for various durations and concentrations, including a 45-year working lifetime at the current 2-mg/m super(3) standard. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to compute predicted prevalence and excess risk of disease, using data and regression results from published epidemiological studies of U.S. coal miners. Disease outcomes evaluated include simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis, progressive massive fibrosis, and clinically significant deficits in lung function, measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 second of <80% or <65% of predicted normal values. Excess risks for all disease outcomes studied exceeded 1/1000 among miners exposed to mean concentrations as low as 0.5 mg/m super(3) and durations as low as 15 years (most coal ranks). Sources of uncertainty associated with these results were considered. Based on these and previous analyses, U.S. coal miners are predicted to have a substantial risk of developing occupational respiratory diseases from working lifetime exposures to respirable coal mine dust at the current 2-mg /m super(3) standard. To reduce this risk, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that worker exposures to respirable coal mine dust be kept below 1.0 mg/m super(3) during each work shift (as a time-weighted average concentration for up to 10 h/day during a 40-hour workweek. JF - Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Kuempel, ED AU - Smith, R J AU - Attfield, MD AU - Stayner, L T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 823 EP - 831 VL - 12 IS - 12 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16400123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Risks+of+occupational+respiratory+diseases+among+U.S.+coal+miners&rft.au=Kuempel%2C+ED%3BSmith%2C+R+J%3BAttfield%2C+MD%3BStayner%2C+L+T&rft.aulast=Kuempel&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=823&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Results from the National Occupational Health Survey of Mining AN - 16395232; 4308916 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted field surveys for the National Occupational Health Survey of Mining (NOHSM) from May 1984 through August 1989. The main objective of NOHSM was to identify the healthrelated agents found in the U.S. mining industry, per the U.S. Federal Mine Safety and Health Amendments Act of 1977. NOHSM included a total of 491 mines (60 coal mines and 431 metal and nonmetal mines) which employed 59,734 miners, representing 66 mineral commodities. Although NIOSH surveyed only a representative sample of mines in each mineral commodity, the data were projected over all of the mines in each of those mineral commodities. Each mine's survey included three phases: questionnaire, chemical inventory, and worksite visit. The data obtained during the questionnaire described medical services, industrial hygiene practices, and general facility information. NIOSH inventoried 2570 chemical substances and 84,939 trade name products. During the worksite visit, the NOHSM surveyors observed and interviewed workers to determine their potential exposures at the worksite. The term "potential exposure" means the health-related agent was in sufficient proximity to a worker that the agent could have entered or contacted the worker's body. The potential exposures recorded during the worksite visits included chemical substances, trade name products, physical agents, musculoskeletal overload conditions, welding-related products, abrasive grinding materials, and bulk dust. The projected numbers of potential exposures across the entire mining industry were: physical agents--365,332; musculoskeletal overload conditions--710,340; and welding-related agents--188,852. More than 1.1 million potential exposures to chemicals and trade name substances were found in surface shops alone. The bulk dust samples suggested that approximately 214,000 miners were potentially exposed to dust that contained greater than 5 percent quartz. JF - Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Greskevitch, M F AU - Bajpayee, S S AU - Hale, J M AU - Groce, D W AD - United States Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 924 EP - 931 VL - 12 IS - 12 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16395232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Results+from+the+National+Occupational+Health+Survey+of+Mining&rft.au=Greskevitch%2C+M+F%3BBajpayee%2C+S+S%3BHale%2C+J+M%3BGroce%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Greskevitch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=924&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A universal protocol for PCR detection of 13 species of foodborne pathogens in foods AN - 16323725; 4262280 AB - A universal protocol for PCR detection of 13 species of foodborne pathogens in foods was developed. The protocol used a universal culture medium and the same PCR conditions with 13 sets of specific primers. The 13 species of foodborne pathogens examined were Escherichia coli, E. coli-ETEC, E. coli-O157:H7, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. No interference was observed using the PCR assay when food sample was artificially inoculated with each individual bacterial species. Twelve different seafood samples and two soft cheese samples without artificial inoculation were examined by this protocol. Vibrio vulnificus, Salmonella spp., E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus were detected in some foods. Internal probe hybridization and nested PCR procedures were used to confirm the above findings. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Wang, R-F AU - Cao, W-W AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, ccerniglia@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 727 EP - 736 VL - 83 IS - 6 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16323725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+universal+protocol+for+PCR+detection+of+13+species+of+foodborne+pathogens+in+foods&rft.au=Wang%2C+R-F%3BCao%2C+W-W%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=R-F&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=727&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New NIOSH programs for preventing occupational traumatic injury AN - 16321258; 4249539 JF - INT. J. IND. ERGONOMICS AU - Hsiao, H AU - Stanevich, R AU - Pizatella, T AU - Snyder, K AU - Halperin, W AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 501 EP - 508 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16321258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=INT.+J.+IND.+ERGONOMICS&rft.atitle=New+NIOSH+programs+for+preventing+occupational+traumatic+injury&rft.au=Hsiao%2C+H%3BStanevich%2C+R%3BPizatella%2C+T%3BSnyder%2C+K%3BHalperin%2C+W&rft.aulast=Hsiao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=INT.+J.+IND.+ERGONOMICS&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analysis and isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a food matrix using flow cytometry and cell sorting AN - 16304136; 4231140 AB - Flow cytometry is a potentially valuable analytical method in microbiology providing the ability to analyze rapidly large numbers of individual microorganisms by several parameters. With a flow cytometer with enhanced light scatter sensitivity and a conventionally configured sorting cytometer, a series of comparative studies to determine the ability of the two flow systems and the antibody-direct epifluorescent filter technique (Ab-DEFT) to detect and enumerate Escherichia coli O157:H7 were made. Initial experiments used culture-derived mixtures of non-pathogenic E. coli and serial dilutions of E. coli O157:H7. Subsequent studies involved analysis of enrichment cultures from ground beef inoculated with E. coli O157:H7. Comparison of flow cytometry with microscopy and plate counts produced similar results at higher concentrations in both culture mixtures and beef enrichments. At the lowest concentrations Ab-DEFT was more sensitive, however, the time required for analysis was much less with flow cytometry. With a cytometer with enhanced light scatter sensitivity designed for bacterial analysis, O157:H7 could be distinguished from E. coli strain HB101 on the basis of light scatter. This instrument also provided direct count data for selected populations. In experiments using cell sorting to isolate target organisms, the purity of fluorescent-labeled E. coli O157:H7 sorted from beef enrichment cultures and plated was not affected by the level of background organisms, as is often the case in conventional plating procedures. JF - FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology AU - Tortorello, M L AU - Stewart, D S AU - Raybourne, R B AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA Y1 - 1997/12/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Dec 01 SP - 267 EP - 274 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0928-8244, 0928-8244 KW - isolation KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16304136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+and+isolation+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+a+food+matrix+using+flow+cytometry+and+cell+sorting&rft.au=Tortorello%2C+M+L%3BStewart%2C+D+S%3BRaybourne%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Tortorello&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=09288244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Use of methane monitors for estimating face gas conditions AN - 16288781; 4299338 AB - A laboratory study investigated the effectiveness of three monitoring schemes for estimating average face methane concentration in a blowing face ventilation system. The first scheme used the methane readings from an offside monitor located 1.2 m from the cutting head. This is the typical position of a machine-mounted methanometer. The second scheme used the readings taken at the exhaust location for the machine-mounted dust scrubber. The third scheme used the numerical average of the offside and scrubber readings. The effectiveness of each monitoring scheme was gauged by how well the three monitoring schemes estimated the average face concentration. The average face methane concentration was measured by methane monitors placed near the face. Averaging the offside and scrubber readings provided the best estimate of the average face concentrations. Factors affecting monitoring errors were also analyzed. The results show that errors in estimating average face gas levels are influenced primarily by machine position. However, the errors are also affected to a lesser extent by setback distance and airflow. JF - APPL. OCCUP. ENVIRON. HYG. AU - Taylor, C D AU - Goodman, GVR Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 947 EP - 951 VL - 12 IS - 12 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16288781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=APPL.+OCCUP.+ENVIRON.+HYG.&rft.atitle=Use+of+methane+monitors+for+estimating+face+gas+conditions&rft.au=Taylor%2C+C+D%3BGoodman%2C+GVR&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=APPL.+OCCUP.+ENVIRON.+HYG.&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory considerations for Campylobacter vaccine development AN - 16281735; 4296494 AB - The high, worldwide incidence of Campylobacter jejuni-associated diarrheal disease has recently prompted the development of anti-Campylobacter vaccines. However, the association of C. jejuni infections with subsequent development of Guillain-Barre syndrome has increased concerns from a pathogenesis standpoint and from a vaccine development and regulation standpoint. This brief overview describes the purpose and process of Food and Drug Administration review of vaccine products and highlights some important considerations pertinent to Campylobacter vaccine development. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Kopecko, D J AD - Lab. Enterics and STDs, FDA-CBER, OVRR, HFM440, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - S189 EP - S191 VL - 176 IS - suppl. 2 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Guillain-Barre syndrome KW - reviews KW - safety regulations KW - vaccines KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - A 01099:Bacteria and fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16281735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Regulatory+considerations+for+Campylobacter+vaccine+development&rft.au=Kopecko%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Kopecko&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=suppl.+2&rft.spage=S189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of gamma interferon in natural clearance of Bordetella pertussis infection AN - 16240031; 4233761 AB - Using a mouse model of Bordetella pertussis infection, we have analyzed the role of gamma interferon (IFN- gamma ) in bacterial clearance from the respiratory tract. Adult BALB/c mice began to clear a respiratory infection within 3 weeks postinfection, with complete resolution of infection 6 to 8 weeks postinfection. In contrast, neither adult SCID mice (which lack mature B and T lymphocytes) nor adult nude mice (which lack mature T lymphocytes) controlled B. pertussis infection, and both strains died within 3 to 5 weeks postinfection. Short-term T-cell lines generated from the draining lymph nodes of the lungs of infected BALB/c mice were found to be CD4 super(+) and produced IFN- gamma but no detectable interleukin-4. Analyses of IFN- gamma mRNA induction in the lungs of mice following B. pertussis infection showed that in both BALB /c and C57BL/6 mice, IFN- gamma mRNA levels increased sharply by 1 week postinfection and then subsequently declined. Further exploration of a potential role for IFN- gamma demonstrated that infection of adult BALB/c mice depleted of IFN- gamma in vivo with anti-IFN- gamma monoclonal antibodies resulted in greater numbers of bacteria recovered from the lungs than in infected, control BALB/c mice, although IFN- gamma -depleted mice could subsequently clear the infection. Infection of mice which have a disrupted IFN- gamma gene resulted in bacterial clearance with a time course similar to those seen with IFN- gamma -depleted mice. These results indicate that IFN- gamma plays a role in controlling B. pertussis infection. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Barbic, J AU - Leef, M F AU - Burns, D L AU - Shahin, R D AD - FDA/CBER HFM-434, Building 29, Room 418, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 4904 EP - 4908 VL - 65 IS - 12 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - gamma -interferon KW - immune response KW - mice KW - respiratory tract KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - F 06773:Interferons KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16240031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Role+of+gamma+interferon+in+natural+clearance+of+Bordetella+pertussis+infection&rft.au=Barbic%2C+J%3BLeef%2C+M+F%3BBurns%2C+D+L%3BShahin%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Barbic&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4904&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Past, present and future applications in bioremediation AN - 16201677; 4277779 AB - This article examines the importance of non-ligninolytic and ligninolytic fungi in the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated wastes. The research from the initial studies in Dave Gibson's laboratory to the present are discussed. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1997/12// PY - 1997 DA - Dec 1997 SP - 324 EP - 333 VL - 19 IS - 5-6 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - bioremediation KW - fungi KW - polycyclic aromatic compounds KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16201677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Fungal+metabolism+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons%3A+Past%2C+present+and+future+applications+in+bioremediation&rft.au=Cerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Cerniglia&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Microbial Metabolism of Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Tribute to David T. Gibson. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frequency of spontaneous and induced micronuclei in the peripheral blood of aging mice AN - 16224942; 4211870 AB - The mouse peripheral blood micronucleus assay, a measure of DNA damage in erythroblastic cells, was used to determine: (1) the incidence of spontaneously occurring micronucleated reticulocytes (MNRETs) as a function of age, and (2) the induction of micronuclei following treatment of young and old animals with mitomycin C. Male C57BL/6 mice, 92 weeks of age, exhibited a significantly higher frequency of spontaneously occurring peripheral blood MNRETs than mice that were 6 or 10 weeks of age. Mice that were 5-6 weeks or 91-92 weeks old were treated with one dose, or two consecutive doses of mitomycin C; this resulted in dose-related increases in the frequency of MNRETs. Mitomycin C, at a single dose of 1 or 2 mg/kg, induced one-third as many MNRETs in the older animals as compared to the younger animals. When treated with a split dose of mitomycin C (total dose 0.5 to 2 mg/kg), older animals displayed on average two-thirds the mutagenic response of the younger animals. However, analysis of variance performed on these data indicated that the age of the animals did not have a significant effect on their mutagenic response to mitomycin C at any dose level. It appears that aging mice may not be more sensitive to the mutagenic effects of chemically-induced DNA damage than younger mice, suggesting that the higher spontaneous mutation frequency in older mice could be the result of an increased load of accumulated DNA damage. JF - Mutation Research AU - Dass, S B AU - Ali, S F AU - Heflich, R H AU - Casciano, DA AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1997/11/19/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Nov 19 SP - 105 EP - 110 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 381 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - mice KW - peripheral blood KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24117:Biochemistry KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16224942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Frequency+of+spontaneous+and+induced+micronuclei+in+the+peripheral+blood+of+aging+mice&rft.au=Dass%2C+S+B%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BCasciano%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Dass&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-11-19&rft.volume=381&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - National Harmful Algal Bloom Research and Monitoring Strategy: An Initial Focus on Pfiesteria, Fish Lesions, Fish Kills and Public Health AN - 17169445; 4464279 AB - In response to fish lesions, kills, Pfiesteria-like organisms, and possible threats to public health in the Mid-Atlantic region, the White House asked Federal agencies to develop and coordinate a long-term, national strategy for Federally-supported research and monitoring on problems associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs), particularly Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria- like species. Through an integrated, multi- disciplinary program of research, the National Strategy provides three classes of critical information (1) characterization of environmental conditions likely to support the toxic species; (2) predictions of the onset of conditions conducive to bloom formation, and (3) means to prevent, control, or mitigate their impacts. Y1 - 1997/11/10/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Nov 10 SP - 36 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Noxious organisms KW - Marine KW - Algal blooms KW - Human diseases KW - Brackish KW - Government policy KW - Freshwater KW - Public health KW - Fish kill KW - USA KW - Fish diseases KW - Lesions KW - Pfiesteria KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17169445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-11-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=National+Harmful+Algal+Bloom+Research+and+Monitoring+Strategy%3A+An+Initial+Focus+on+Pfiesteria%2C+Fish+Lesions%2C+Fish+Kills+and+Public+Health&rft.title=National+Harmful+Algal+Bloom+Research+and+Monitoring+Strategy%3A+An+Initial+Focus+on+Pfiesteria%2C+Fish+Lesions%2C+Fish+Kills+and+Public+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Available from: NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Rd, Springfield, VA 22161, USA. 1-800-553-NTIS or 1- 703-605-6000 or orders[at]ntis.fedworld.gov. NTIS accession number: PB98131097. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genome-Linked Toxic Responses to Dietary Iron Overload AN - 856755907; 13645883 AB - Genome-related differences to Fe overload between and within rodent species were evaluated in the present study. Male B6C3F, mice, yellow and black C5YSF sub(1) mice, and Fischer 344 (F344) rats were fed AIN-76A diets containing 35 (control), 1,500, 3,500, 5,000, or 10,000 kg carbonyl Fe/g for 12 wk. No effects on body weight gain were observed in the B6C3F, and black C5YSF, mice, whereas at all doses of Fe above the control, weight gain was reduced in yellow C5YSF sub(1) mice and F344 rats. At the 10,000 kg Fe/g dose, 9 of 12 rats died, but there was no mortality among the mice. In all animals, there was a dose-related increase in liver nonheme Fe, and the Fe was stored in hepatocytes predominantly in the periportal region. There was significant hypertrophy of the hepatocytes in both B6C3F, mice and F344 rats fed the 10,000 kg Fe/g diet. PCNA assays showed significant stimulatory effects of the high dose of Fe on hepatocyte proliferation in the F344 rats and the C5YSF, mice but not in the B6C3F, mice. In the rat, there was pancreatic atrophy with loss of both endocrine and exocrine tissue. Morphometric evaluation of pancreas showed fewer b cells in B6C3F, and yellow C5YSF sub(1) mice but not in the black C5YSF sub( 1) mice. There were fewer islets in the yellow C5YSF sub(1) mice, and total and mean islet areas were smaller than in the control mice. Rats in the 10,000 kg Fe/g dose group had markedly exacerbated dose-dependent nephropathy and changes in glomerular and tubular epithelium associated with Fe accumulation. The rats also showed degeneration of the germinal epithelium of the testis, formation of multinucleated giant cells, and lack of mature sperm. JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Whittaker, Paul AU - Dunkel, Virginia C AU - Bucci, Thomas J AU - Kusewitt, Donna F AU - Thurman, JDale AU - Warbritton, Alan AU - Wolff, George L AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204, PVW@CFSAN.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 556 EP - 564 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Testes KW - Giant cells KW - Mortality KW - Hepatocytes KW - Pancreas KW - Beta cells KW - Islets of Langerhans KW - Sperm KW - Proliferating cell nuclear antigen KW - Hypertrophy KW - Nephropathy KW - Liver KW - Degeneration KW - Atrophy KW - Epithelium KW - Body weight gain KW - Iron KW - carbonyls KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856755907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Genome-Linked+Toxic+Responses+to+Dietary+Iron+Overload&rft.au=Whittaker%2C+Paul%3BDunkel%2C+Virginia+C%3BBucci%2C+Thomas+J%3BKusewitt%2C+Donna+F%3BThurman%2C+JDale%3BWarbritton%2C+Alan%3BWolff%2C+George+L&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339702500604 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Giant cells; Testes; Diets; Mortality; Hepatocytes; Pancreas; Beta cells; Islets of Langerhans; Sperm; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen; Hypertrophy; Nephropathy; Liver; Epithelium; Atrophy; Degeneration; Body weight gain; carbonyls; Iron DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339702500604 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of hexavalent chromium in industrial hygiene samples using ultrasonic extraction and flow injection analysis. AN - 79557588; 9474812 AB - A simple, fast, and sensitive method was developed for the determination of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) in workplace samples. Ultrasonic extraction in alkaline solutions with 0.05 M (NH4)2SO4-0.05 M NH3 provided good extraction efficiency of CrVI from the sample and allowed the retention of CrVI on an ion-exchange resin (95%). The CrVI in the sample solution was then separated as an anion from trivalent chromium [CrIII] and other cations by elution from the anion-exchange resin with 0.5 M (NH4)2SO4 in 0.1 M NH3 (pH 8) buffer solution. The eluate was then acidified with hydrochloric acid and complexed with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide reagent prior to flow injection analysis. By analyzing samples with and without oxidation of CrIII to CrVI using CeIV, the method can measure CrVI and total Cr. For optimizing the separation and determination procedure, preliminary trials conducted with two certified reference materials (CRMs 013-050 and NIST 1633a) and three spiked samples (ammonia buffer solution, cellulose ester filters and acid washed sand) indicated that the recovery of CrVI was quantitative (> 90%) with this method. The limit of detection for FIA-UV/VIS determination of the Cr-diphenylcarbazone complex was in the sub-nanogram range (0.11 ng). The technique was also applied successfully to a workplace coal fly ash sample that was collected from a power plant and paint chips that were collected from a heating gas pipe and a university building. The principal advantages of this method are its simplicity, sensitivity, speed and potential portability for field analysis. JF - The Analyst AU - Wang, J AU - Ashley, K AU - Kennedy, E R AU - Neumeister, C AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 1307 EP - 1312 VL - 122 IS - 11 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Index Medicus KW - Flow Injection Analysis KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Industry KW - Occupational Health KW - Chromium -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79557588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Analyst&rft.atitle=Determination+of+hexavalent+chromium+in+industrial+hygiene+samples+using+ultrasonic+extraction+and+flow+injection+analysis.&rft.au=Wang%2C+J%3BAshley%2C+K%3BKennedy%2C+E+R%3BNeumeister%2C+C&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Analyst&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-23 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The SHR as a small animal model for radiocontrast renal failure. Relation of nephrotoxicity to animal's age, gender, strain, and dose of radiocontrast. AN - 79491078; 9415930 AB - The male spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), as it ages, suffers many of the renal and cardiovascular complications that are recognized in humans as risk factors for radiocontrast (RC) agent induced renal failure (RF). Knowledge of this led us to test this strain of rats as a small animal model for RC-induced renal failure (RC-RF). Functional studies demonstrated a significant fall in GFR in the recovery period after RC administration. In addition, histopathologic evaluation of the kidneys was done in this study. Our results are based on assigning separate scale values to the histopathological evaluation of the (a) glomeruli, (b) tubules, (c) interstitium, and (d) arteries and arterioles of the kidneys. Saline (S) was administered to one group and the RC agent Hypaque-76 (diatrizoate meglumine sodium) to paired groups of 5-, 8-, 10-, 12-, and 14-month-old male SHR. The results indicated that younger animals (5 and 8 months old) were resistant to the nephrotoxic effects of the RC, but developed susceptibility at 10 months of age, when spontaneous renal pathology became manifest. Both spontaneous renal pathology and RC-induced renal damage (RC-RD) increased as the animals aged. In addition, when the administered dose of RC was repeated after a short interval of only 6 h, the degree of RC-RD increased greatly. In parallel control studies of the influence of gender and strain on the response to RC in 12-month-old rats, neither hypertensive female SHR nor male normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats demonstrated significant spontaneous renal pathology or the marked susceptibility to RC nephrotoxicity shown by their male SHR counterparts. This small animal model for RC-RD, the mature male SHR, has the distinct advantage that risk factors for RC-RD, similar to those characterized in humans for RC-RF, develop spontaneously without requiring any special treatment or surgical intervention. JF - Renal failure AU - Duarte, C G AU - Zhang, J AU - Ellis, S AD - Food and Drug Administration, Division of Cardio-Renal Drug Products, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. DUARTE@cder.fda.gov@internet Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 723 EP - 743 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0886-022X, 0886-022X KW - Contrast Media KW - 0 KW - Drug Combinations KW - Diatrizoate KW - 117-96-4 KW - Diatrizoate Meglumine KW - 3X9MR4N98U KW - urovision KW - 8064-12-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Kidney Tubules -- pathology KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Rats, Inbred WKY KW - Sex Factors KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Rats KW - Glomerular Filtration Rate KW - Renal Artery -- pathology KW - Risk Factors KW - Species Specificity KW - Kidney Glomerulus -- pathology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Contrast Media -- adverse effects KW - Renal Insufficiency -- pathology KW - Renal Insufficiency -- chemically induced KW - Diatrizoate -- adverse effects KW - Diatrizoate -- administration & dosage KW - Contrast Media -- administration & dosage KW - Diatrizoate Meglumine -- administration & dosage KW - Diatrizoate Meglumine -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79491078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renal+failure&rft.atitle=The+SHR+as+a+small+animal+model+for+radiocontrast+renal+failure.+Relation+of+nephrotoxicity+to+animal%27s+age%2C+gender%2C+strain%2C+and+dose+of+radiocontrast.&rft.au=Duarte%2C+C+G%3BZhang%2C+J%3BEllis%2C+S&rft.aulast=Duarte&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Renal+failure&rft.issn=0886022X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-06 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of selected antibiotic residue screening tests for milk from individual cows and examination of factors that affect the probability of false-positive outcomes. AN - 79471794; 9406098 AB - Total composite milk samples from 131 cows in one herd were analyzed. Eight beta-lactam residue screening tests were evaluated for performance using milk from individual cows and factors that affect the rate of false-positive outcomes were determined. Cows were not treated with an antibiotic for at least 30 d prior to sampling. Tests evaluated were Delvotest P, Charm Cowside, Charm Farm, Penzyme, Valio T101, LacTek, CITE Probe, and Charm Bacillus stearothermophilus disk assay. Cows averaged 155 d of lactation. Milk production at the time of sampling ranged from 3.6 to 26.3 kg per milking per cow. The somatic cell count of milk averaged 243 x 10(3)/ml and ranged from 8.5 x 10(3)/ml to 3437 x 10(3)/ml. Total viable bacteria counts averaged 197.8 x 10(3)/ml. Total coliform counts ranged from 0 to 205/ml. Selectivity rates (rate of truly negative samples that were found to be negative by the assay) were greater than 90% for all tests except the CITE Probe test. Use of logistic regression showed that an increase in colony-forming units was associated with a decrease in the probability of a false-positive outcome for the CITE Probe test. Milk production, coliform counts, and parity each affected the probabilities of positive outcomes for different tests. Except for one test, selectivity rates of the beta-lactam residue screening tests for milk from individual cows was greater than 0.9. JF - Journal of dairy science AU - Andrew, S M AU - Frobish, R A AU - Paape, M J AU - Maturin, L J AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 3050 EP - 3057 VL - 80 IS - 11 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Lactams KW - Index Medicus KW - Parity KW - Animals KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Cell Count KW - Logistic Models KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Female KW - Lactation KW - False Positive Reactions KW - Cattle KW - Milk -- cytology KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79471794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+selected+antibiotic+residue+screening+tests+for+milk+from+individual+cows+and+examination+of+factors+that+affect+the+probability+of+false-positive+outcomes.&rft.au=Andrew%2C+S+M%3BFrobish%2C+R+A%3BPaape%2C+M+J%3BMaturin%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Andrew&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3050&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-08 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of embryotoxicity of fumonisin B1 in New Zealand white rabbits. AN - 79467983; 9398494 AB - Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is one of a number of mycotoxins produced by fungi, especially Fusarium sp. As a contaminant of many maize-derived products, this toxin is associated with a variety of animal diseases, including esophageal cancer and possibly neural tube defects in humans. We have investigated the embryotoxic potential of this compound in New Zealand White rabbits. Animals were dosed by gavage daily on GD 3-19 with purified FB1 at 0.10, 0.50, or 1.00 mg/kg/day. Maternal lethality occurred at the 0.50 and 1.00 mg/kg/day doses. When examined on GD 29, there were no differences in maternal body weight, maternal weight gain, maternal organ weights, number of nonlive implantations, and number of malformations. Fetal weight was decreased at 0.50 and 1.00 mg/kg/day (13 and 16%, respectively); this was true for male and female pups. Fetal liver and kidney weights were also decreased at these doses. Analysis of embryonic sphinganine to sphingosine ratios demonstrated no differences between control and treated embryos on GD 20, although these ratios were increased in maternal urine, serum, and kidney when compared to control animals. These data suggest that FB1 did not cross the placenta and that the observed decreased fetal weight was probably the result of maternal toxicity, rather than any developmental toxicity produced by FB1. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - LaBorde, J B AU - Terry, K K AU - Howard, P C AU - Chen, J J AU - Collins, T F AU - Shackelford, M E AU - Hansen, D K AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 120 EP - 128 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Sphingolipids KW - Teratogens KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Acyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.- KW - Sphingosine N-Acyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.24 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Neural Tube Defects -- pathology KW - Rabbits KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Pregnancy KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Neural Tube Defects -- chemically induced KW - Acyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Sphingolipids -- metabolism KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Carboxylic Acids -- pharmacokinetics KW - Teratogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79467983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Lack+of+embryotoxicity+of+fumonisin+B1+in+New+Zealand+white+rabbits.&rft.au=LaBorde%2C+J+B%3BTerry%2C+K+K%3BHoward%2C+P+C%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BCollins%2C+T+F%3BShackelford%2C+M+E%3BHansen%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=LaBorde&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A false report of product tampering involving a rodent and soft drink can: light microscopy, image analysis and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis. AN - 79462231; 9397564 AB - The "Pepsi Tamperings" of 1993 resulted in a large number of cases involving foreign objects reportedly found inside canned soft drinks. Although the majority of cases involved medical syringes and metallic objects, one case involved the report of a mouse found inside a can of Caffeine-Free Diet Pepsi. Using light and polarized light microscopy and computer-assisted image analysis, trace evidence and tooth structure from the suspect mouse were matched to scratches and indentions on the suspect can. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis were used to compare and match particles of gnawed metal from the lid of the suspect can to other particles recovered from the muzzle and stomach of the suspect mouse. The forensic analyses in this case proved the mouse could not have been canned in the soft drink product and refuted the defendant's sworn statements. JF - Journal of forensic sciences AU - Platek, F AU - Ranieri, N AU - Wolnik, K A AD - Inorganic Branch, US Food and Drug Administration, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 1171 EP - 1175 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0022-1198, 0022-1198 KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Microscopy -- methods KW - Electron Probe Microanalysis -- methods KW - Forensic Medicine -- methods KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning -- methods KW - Aluminum -- analysis KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted -- methods KW - Fraud KW - Food Contamination KW - Mice KW - Carbonated Beverages UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79462231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+forensic+sciences&rft.atitle=A+false+report+of+product+tampering+involving+a+rodent+and+soft+drink+can%3A+light+microscopy%2C+image+analysis+and+scanning+electron+microscopy%2Fenergy+dispersive+X-ray+analysis.&rft.au=Platek%2C+F%3BRanieri%2C+N%3BWolnik%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Platek&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+forensic+sciences&rft.issn=00221198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-08 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New directions for predicting carcinogenesis. AN - 79458703; 9397187 AB - Carcinogenicity testing today normally includes conducting 2-yr studies of rats and mice of both sexes and following widely accepted procedures for husbandry, selection of dose levels, pathology and toxicity observations, and statistical interpretation of tumor data. These studies are usually preceded by tests for genetic toxicity and subchronic toxicity studies to select dose levels for the 2-yr studies. While these data are used for quantitative risk assessment, the mechanistic basis for effects is usually unknown, and such series of studies are very expensive and require five or more years to conduct. Alternate approaches are being developed that would provide more mechanistic information and perhaps would permit decisions to be made about carcinogenic potential without the need to conduct 2-yr studies of rats and mice of both sexes. Decisions could be based on a profile of data rather than the result of one test. Regulatory acceptance of new approaches for carcinogenicity testing is critical to future progress in the field of carcinogenesis. JF - Molecular carcinogenesis AU - Schwetz, B AU - Gaylor, D AD - Food and Drug Administration/National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 275 EP - 279 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0899-1987, 0899-1987 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79458703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=New+directions+for+predicting+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Schwetz%2C+B%3BGaylor%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schwetz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.issn=08991987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-31 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benzene--a review of the literature from a health effects perspective. AN - 79458170; 9399416 AB - A literature review of the impact on human health of exposure to benzene was conducted. Special emphasis in this report is given to the health effects reported in excess of national norms by participants in the Benzene Subregistry of the National Exposure Registry--people having documented exposure to benzene through the use of benzene-contaminated water for domestic purposes. The health effects reported in excess (p < or = .01) by some or all of the sex and age groups studied were diabetes, kidney disease, respiratory allergies, skin rashes, and urinary tract disorders; anemia was also increased for females, but not significantly so. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Gist, G L AU - Burg, J R AD - Exposure and Disease Registry Branch, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. glgl@cdc.gov PY - 1997 SP - 661 EP - 714 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Registries KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination KW - Environmental Health KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Benzene -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79458170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Benzene--a+review+of+the+literature+from+a+health+effects+perspective.&rft.au=Gist%2C+G+L%3BBurg%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Gist&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-29 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of tremor in aluminum production workers. AN - 79451105; 9392780 AB - A cross-sectional study of 63 current and former aluminum potroom workers and 37 comparison workers was conducted to evaluate for evidence of neurological dysfunction, including tremor from long-term exposures to aluminum using sensitive quantitative measures of arm/hand and leg tremor. Signs of upper extremity tremor were also evaluated by neurological examination and compared with the quantitative measures of arm/hand tremor. Both arm/hand and leg tremor were measured using fatiguing test conditions, but no statistically significant differences due to exposure to aluminum were present between the potroom workers and the comparison workers. The neurological examination also showed no statistically significant differences between the groups on the evaluation of signs of tremor. These results do not support the findings of Best-Pettersen et al., who reported evidence of increased tremor in aluminum workers using the static steadiness test in the Halstead-Reitan battery. Differences between the studies that may have contributed to the contrasting results are discussed. In addition, techniques are presented for using microcomputer-controlled devices to evaluate tremor in both the visible (1-6 Hz) and nonvisible (7-18 Hz) frequencies of the tremor spectrum. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Dick, R B AU - Krieg, E F AU - Sim, M A AU - Bernard, B P AU - Taylor, B T AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 447 EP - 453 VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Tremor -- chemically induced KW - Metallurgy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79451105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+tremor+in+aluminum+production+workers.&rft.au=Dick%2C+R+B%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BSim%2C+M+A%3BBernard%2C+B+P%3BTaylor%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-30 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The mutagenic response at the ouabain resistance locus in T cells of mice exposed to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea parallels the response at the Hprt locus and correlates with mutation target size. AN - 79446854; 9395226 AB - The lymphocyte Hprt gene has been used extensively as a reporter locus to monitor the mutational effects of the exposure of animals to genotoxicants. Implicit in this view of the function of a reporter gene is the assumption that its mutagenic response is representative of that of other genes in the organism. As a test of this hypothesis we compared the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) mutants at the Hprt locus with the mutant frequency (MF) induced at another locus, the ouabain resistance (Oua) locus. The frequency of spontaneous OUA(R) mutants was estimated to be 1.1x10(-7) (MF between <0.3 and 1.1x10(-7)), which was approximately 30-fold less than the spontaneous TGr MF. Following treatment with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), the induced OUA(R) MF at each of two dose levels (50 and 150 mg/kg ENU) and two time points (3 and 6 weeks post-exposure) was consistently 8- to 9-fold lower than the corresponding TGr MF. Thus the mutagenic response of the Oua locus closely paralleled that of the Hprt locus, indicating a similarity in their response to ENU. In addition, the Oua locus was 3-4 times more sensitive than the Hprt locus to the mutagenic effect of ENU, as measured by the fold increase in MF over the background level. The number of ENU-mutable sites capable of resulting in a TGr or OUA(R) phenotype, otherwise known as the mutation target size, was estimated to differ by an order of magnitude between the two loci. This difference in target size correlates with, and therefore may largely account for, the difference in induced MF between both loci. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Dass, S B AU - Heflich, R H AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 2233 EP - 2237 VL - 18 IS - 11 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Ouabain KW - 5ACL011P69 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Thioguanine KW - FTK8U1GZNX KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Female KW - Thioguanine -- pharmacology KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Ouabain -- pharmacology KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79446854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=The+mutagenic+response+at+the+ouabain+resistance+locus+in+T+cells+of+mice+exposed+to+N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea+parallels+the+response+at+the+Hprt+locus+and+correlates+with+mutation+target+size.&rft.au=Dass%2C+S+B%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Dass&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-30 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon monoxide poisonings from small, gasoline-powered, internal combustion engines: just what is a "well-ventilated area"? AN - 79423695; 9373924 AB - This study modeled the time required for a gasoline-powered, 5 horsepower (hp), 4-cycle engine to generate carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations exceeding the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 200-ppm ceiling and 1200-ppm immediately dangerous to life and health concentration for various room sizes and ventilation rates. The model permitted the ambiguous term "well-ventilated area" to be defined. The model was compared with field data collected at a site where two workers were poisoned while operating a 5-hp concrete saw in a bathroom having open doors and an operating ventilation system. There is agreement between both the modeled and field-generated data, indicating that hazardous CO concentrations can develop within minutes. Comparison of field and modeling data showed the measured CO generation rate at approximately one-half of the value used in the model, which may be partially because the engine used in the field was not under load during data collection. The generation rate and room size from the actual poisoning was then used in the model. The model determined that ventilation rates of nearly 5000 ft3/min (120 air changes per hour) would be required to prevent the CO concentration from exceeding the 200-ppm ceiling for short periods. Results suggest that small gasoline-powered engines should not be operated inside of buildings or in semienclosed spaces and that manufacturers of such tools should improve their warnings and develop engineering control options for better user protection. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Earnest, G S AU - Mickelsen, R L AU - McCammon, J B AU - O'Brien, D M AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 787 EP - 791 VL - 58 IS - 11 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- etiology KW - Carbon Monoxide -- analysis KW - Ventilation KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79423695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Carbon+monoxide+poisonings+from+small%2C+gasoline-powered%2C+internal+combustion+engines%3A+just+what+is+a+%22well-ventilated+area%22%3F&rft.au=Earnest%2C+G+S%3BMickelsen%2C+R+L%3BMcCammon%2C+J+B%3BO%27Brien%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Earnest&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=787&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ELPAT Program report: background and current status (July 1997). AN - 79421808; 9373921 JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Esche, C A AU - Groff, J H AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 768 EP - 771 VL - 58 IS - 11 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Paint -- analysis KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Humans KW - North Carolina KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Wisconsin KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Ohio KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Laboratories -- standards KW - Accreditation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79421808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=ELPAT+Program+report%3A+background+and+current+status+%28July+1997%29.&rft.au=Esche%2C+C+A%3BGroff%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Esche&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=768&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New tricks for an old elephant; revising concepts of Coeur d'Alene geology AN - 52476644; 1999-040976 JF - Mining Engineering AU - White, B G AU - Bascur, Osvaldo Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 62 PB - Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Littleton, CO VL - 49 IS - 11, Suppl. SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - United States KW - mineral exploration KW - Idaho KW - intrusions KW - Coeur d'Alene mining district KW - metal ores KW - mineralization KW - mineral assemblages KW - batholiths KW - veins KW - Montana KW - 27A:Economic geology, geology of ore deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52476644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=New+tricks+for+an+old+elephant%3B+revising+concepts+of+Coeur+d%27Alene+geology&rft.au=White%2C+B+G%3BBascur%2C+Osvaldo&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=11%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1998 SME annual meeting & exhibit on Latin American perspectives N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MIENAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - batholiths; Coeur d'Alene mining district; Idaho; intrusions; metal ores; mineral assemblages; mineral exploration; mineralization; Montana; United States; veins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An on-site simulation of submarine tailings disposal; pore water chemistry and biological recovery AN - 52476508; 1999-040930 JF - Mining Engineering AU - Lambeth, R H AU - Drake, P L AU - Kline, E R AU - Bascur, Osvaldo Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 47 PB - Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Littleton, CO VL - 49 IS - 11, Suppl. SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - United States KW - zinc KW - copper KW - Juneau Alaska KW - lead KW - simulation KW - environmental analysis KW - sediments KW - geochemistry KW - mines KW - concentration KW - experimental studies KW - in situ KW - Southeastern Alaska KW - pollutants KW - submarine installations KW - pollution KW - recovery KW - biota KW - marine installations KW - metals KW - Alaska KW - waste disposal KW - tailings KW - pore water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52476508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=An+on-site+simulation+of+submarine+tailings+disposal%3B+pore+water+chemistry+and+biological+recovery&rft.au=Lambeth%2C+R+H%3BDrake%2C+P+L%3BKline%2C+E+R%3BBascur%2C+Osvaldo&rft.aulast=Lambeth&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=11%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1998 SME annual meeting & exhibit on Latin American perspectives N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MIENAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; biota; concentration; copper; environmental analysis; experimental studies; geochemistry; in situ; Juneau Alaska; lead; marine installations; metals; mines; pollutants; pollution; pore water; recovery; sediments; simulation; Southeastern Alaska; submarine installations; tailings; United States; waste disposal; zinc ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Further applications of the Coal Mine Roof Rating (CMRR) to ground control design AN - 52473862; 1999-040928 JF - Mining Engineering AU - Mark, C AU - Molinda, G M AU - Bascur, Osvaldo Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - November 1997 SP - 45 PB - Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Littleton, CO VL - 49 IS - 11, Suppl. SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - methods KW - mines KW - engineering geology KW - safety KW - planning KW - roof control KW - mining geology KW - stability KW - prediction KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52473862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=Further+applications+of+the+Coal+Mine+Roof+Rating+%28CMRR%29+to+ground+control+design&rft.au=Mark%2C+C%3BMolinda%2C+G+M%3BBascur%2C+Osvaldo&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=11%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 1998 SME annual meeting & exhibit on Latin American perspectives N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MIENAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - design; engineering geology; methods; mines; mining geology; planning; prediction; roof control; safety; stability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of pertussis in U.S. marine corps trainees AN - 16422553; 4328277 AB - One hundred twenty male U.S. Marine Corps trainees with histories of at least 7 days of cough underwent evaluation for Bordetella pertussis infection by culture, B. pertussis-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and serology. Antibody levels in preexposure, acute-phase, and convalescent-phase serum samples were measured in a microagglutination assay and in enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for IgG and IgA antibodies to pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae types 2 and 3. Culture and PCR analysis revealed that none of the patients were positive for B. pertussis; however, 20 of 120 trainees had serological evidence of B. pertussis infection. Of these cases, one was confirmed by a rise in the level of antibody to pertussis toxin, and six were classified as probable by increases in levels of antibodies measured by two or more assays. Of the 20 individuals with serological evidence of infection, 16 had rises in levels of antibodies to fimbriae or agglutinating antibodies. The utility of ELISA for detecting antibodies to fimbriae and the microagglutination assay for diagnosing pertussis in adults should be evaluated by application to larger and more diverse study populations. These results indicate that pertussis should be considered in the diagnosis of coughing illness in military populations. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Jansen, D L AU - Gray, G C AU - Putnam, S D AU - Lynn, F AU - Meade, B D AD - Mail Code HFM-490, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1099 EP - 1107 VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - USA KW - immunoglobulin G KW - military personnel KW - pili KW - seroepidemiology KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16422553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+pertussis+in+U.S.+marine+corps+trainees&rft.au=Jansen%2C+D+L%3BGray%2C+G+C%3BPutnam%2C+S+D%3BLynn%2C+F%3BMeade%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1099&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis and super(32)P-postlabeling/high-performance liquid chromatography separation of diastereomeric 1,N super(2)-(1,3-propano)-2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-phosphate adducts formed from 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal AN - 16352325; 4301510 AB - 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a major electrophilic byproduct of lipid peroxidation, is mutagenic and cytotoxic. The two pairs of HNE-derived diastereomeric 1,N super(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate adducts were synthesized from reaction of HNE with 2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate. After HPLC separation, these adducts were characterized by UV--visible absorption and negative ion electrospray ionization MS/MS analysis. To further characterize the structures, these adducts were dephosphorylated to the corresponding HNE-modified deoxyguanosine adducts and their HPLC retention times and UV spectra were compared with those of the synthetic standards prepared from reaction of HNE with 2'-deoxyguanosine. Separation of these adducts by super(32)P-postlabeling/HPLC was developed. Reaction of HNE with calf thymus DNA resulted in only one pair of diastereomeric adducts, with one adduct predominantly formed with a modification level of 1.2 plus or minus 0.5 adducts/10 super(7) nucleotides. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - Yi, Ping AU - Zhan, DeJin AU - Samokyszyn, V M AU - Doerge AU - Fu, Peter P AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1259 EP - 1265 VL - 10 IS - 11 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - 1,3-Propano-2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-phosphate KW - 4-hydroxy-2-nomenal KW - DNA adducts KW - high-performance liquid chromatography KW - lipid peroxidation KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16352325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Synthesis+and+super%2832%29P-postlabeling%2Fhigh-performance+liquid+chromatography+separation+of+diastereomeric+1%2CN+super%282%29-%281%2C3-propano%29-2%27-deoxyguanosine+3%27-phosphate+adducts+formed+from+4-hydroxy-2-nonenal&rft.au=Yi%2C+Ping%3BZhan%2C+DeJin%3BSamokyszyn%2C+V+M%3BDoerge%3BFu%2C+Peter+P&rft.aulast=Yi&rft.aufirst=Ping&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association of occupational and non-occupational risk factors with the prevalence of self-reported carpal tunnel syndrome in a national survey of the working population AN - 16326945; 4249535 AB - To compare the association of occupational versus personal, nonoccupational risk factors with the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, Occupational Health Supplement, were analyzed. When both occupational factors (bending/twisting of the hands/wrists [B/T] and use of hand-held vibrating tools) and personal nonoccupational factors (gender, race, age, body mass index [BMI], smoking, education, and family income) were included in a multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of these factors for reporting medically called CTS (MC-CTS) were: exposure to B/T, 5.5; exposure to vibration, 1.9: white race, 16.7; female gender, 2.3; BMI greater than or equal to 25, 2.0; history of cigarette smoking, 1.6; age greater than or equal to 40, 1.2; education > 12 years, 1.2; and annual family income greater than or equal to $20,000, 1.5. Although both occupational and nonoccupational factors are associated with reporting of CTS, repetitive bending/twisting of the hands/wrists and use of vibrating tools remain important risk factors for work-related carpal tunnel syndrome. JF - AM. J. IND. MED. AU - Tanaka, Sh AU - Wild, D K AU - Cameron, L L AU - Freund, E AD - NIOSH Mail Stop R-21, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 550 EP - 556 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Carpal tunnel syndrome KW - working conditions KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16326945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AM.+J.+IND.+MED.&rft.atitle=Association+of+occupational+and+non-occupational+risk+factors+with+the+prevalence+of+self-reported+carpal+tunnel+syndrome+in+a+national+survey+of+the+working+population&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+Sh%3BWild%2C+D+K%3BCameron%2C+L+L%3BFreund%2C+E&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=Sh&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=550&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AM.+J.+IND.+MED.&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in hospital workers AN - 16284015; 4282137 AB - We conducted a 4-year (1/89-12/92) retrospective cohort study among employees at a large metropolitan hospital where a nosocomial outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) had occurred. We compared the risk of tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion among employees who worked on wards where patients with culture-confirmed TB were cared for ("exposed") with the risk among employees who worked on wards with no such patients ("unexposed"). Exposed employees had a higher 4-year risk of TST conversion (14.5%) than unexposed employees (1.4%) (adjusted relative risk 13.4; 95 percent confidence interval 5.1-35.2). Exposed employees had significantly higher risks of conversion than unexposed employees during 1989-91, but not for 1992. Among the exposed, ward clerks had a risk of conversion (15.6%) only slightly lower than nurses (18.2%). We conclude that employees who worked in areas where patients with active M. tuberculosis infection were cared for, including workers who did not provide direct patient care, had a higher risk of TST conversion than employees who did not work in these areas. Reasons for the decline in risk over time include outbreak termination, fewer admissions of patients with TB, implementation of effective infection control measures, and possible resistance to infection in some members of the study population. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Boudreau, A Y AU - Baron, S L AU - Steenland, N K AU - Van Gilder, TJ AU - Decker, JA AU - Galson, S K AU - Seitz, T AD - NIOSH, Denver Federal Cent., PO Box 25226, Denver, CO 80225-0226, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 528 EP - 534 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - hospitals KW - medical personnel KW - occupational exposure KW - risk assessment KW - tuberculosis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16284015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+risk+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+infection+in+hospital+workers&rft.au=Boudreau%2C+A+Y%3BBaron%2C+S+L%3BSteenland%2C+N+K%3BVan+Gilder%2C+TJ%3BDecker%2C+JA%3BGalson%2C+S+K%3BSeitz%2C+T&rft.aulast=Boudreau&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chest radiography in Portland cement workers AN - 16271881; 4254948 AB - To investigate the prevalence of pneumoconiosis in Portland cement workers, a controlled cross-sectional survey was conducted. Chest radiographs of approximately 2640 Portland cement workers showed prevalence rates of about 1% for rounded and for irregular small opacities and about 2% for pleural abnormalities. After age and smoking adjustment, the overall prevalences were still significantly elevated over controls, but when examined separately by smoking status, the significant increases were confined to smokers. Although statistically significant, the prevalences were only elevated about 1% in cement workers, compared with controls. A statistically significant relationship with exposure was found for pleural abnormalities but not for rounded or irregular small opacities. Thus a weak association exists between pulmonary radiographic abnormalities and employment in US Portland cement plants, and there appears to be a dose-response relationship between exposure and pleural abnormalities. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Abrons, H L AU - Petersen, M R AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Engelberg, AL AU - Harber, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-4, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 1047 EP - 1054 VL - 39 IS - 11 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - cement KW - dose-response effects KW - dust KW - man KW - occupational exposure KW - pneumoconiosis KW - radiography KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16271881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Chest+radiography+in+Portland+cement+workers&rft.au=Abrons%2C+H+L%3BPetersen%2C+M+R%3BSanderson%2C+W+T%3BEngelberg%2C+AL%3BHarber%2C+P&rft.aulast=Abrons&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1047&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How rolling circle plasmids control their copy number AN - 16270753; 4272189 AB - Rolling circle DNA replication is inherently continuous and unregulated. This `go-for-broke' strategy works well for lytic phages but is suicidal for plasmids that must coexist with their host. Plasmids have consequently evolved elaborate copy number control systems that operate at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. JF - Trends in Microbiology AU - Rasooly, A AU - Rasooly, R S AD - CFSAN, Divn of Microbiological Studies, US Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St, NW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 440 EP - 446 VL - 5 IS - 11 SN - 0966-842X, 0966-842X KW - bacteria KW - copy number control KW - plasmids KW - replication KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - N 14100:Reviews KW - J 02760:Plasmids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16270753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=How+rolling+circle+plasmids+control+their+copy+number&rft.au=Rasooly%2C+A%3BRasooly%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Rasooly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=0966842X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transcription of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae hmuO gene is regulated by iron and heme AN - 16234525; 4225030 AB - The hmuO gene is required for the utilization of heme and hemoglobin as iron sources by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The product of hmuO has homology to eukaryotic heme oxygenases which are involved in the degradation of heme and the release of iron. To investigate the mechanism of hmuO regulation, a promoterless lacZ gene present on the promoter-probe vector pCM502 was placed under transcriptional control of the hmuO promoter. In C. diphtheriae C7, optimal expression from the hmuO promoter was obtained only in the presence of heme or hemoglobin under low-iron conditions. Expression of hmuO in high-iron medium containing heme was repressed five- to sixfold from that seen under low-iron conditions in the presence of heme. Transcription from the hmuO promoter in the absence of heme or hemoglobin was fully repressed in high-iron medium and was expressed at very low levels in iron-depleted conditions. Expression studies with the hmuO-lacZ fusion construct in C7hm723, a dtxR mutant of C7, and in a hmuO mutant of C. diphtheriae HC1 provided further evidence that transcription of the hmuO promoter is repressed by DtxR and iron and activated by heme. In Escherichia coli, the hmuO promoter was expressed at very low levels under all conditions examined. Gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting experiments indicated that DtxR binds in a metal-dependent manner to a sequence that overlaps the putative hmuO promoter. Total cellular RNA isolated from C. diphtheriae was used to identify the transcriptional start site for the hmuO gene. Northern blot analysis suggested that the hmuO mRNA was monocistronic and that transcription was heme inducible. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Schmitt, M P AD - LBT, CBER, FDA, Bldg. 29, Rm. 108, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1997/11// PY - 1997 DA - Nov 1997 SP - 4634 EP - 4641 VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Gene regulation KW - Heme KW - Iron KW - Transcription KW - footprinting KW - hmuO gene KW - transcription KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - N 14662:Gene regulation KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16234525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Transcription+of+the+Corynebacterium+diphtheriae+hmuO+gene+is+regulated+by+iron+and+heme&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4634&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Implementing welfare reform requirements for teenage parents: lessons from experience in four states AN - 59772648; 1998-0501590 AB - Compares design and outcomes of programs to identify and assist single mothers in light of changes in federal welfare requirements; case studies of Arizona, California, Massachusetts, and Virginia. US Department of Health and Human Services funded research. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, October 31 1997. AU - Wood, Robert G AU - Burghardt, John Y1 - 1997/10/31/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 31 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Work relief -- United States KW - Arizona -- Social policy KW - Virginia -- Social policy KW - Massachusetts -- Social policy KW - Youth -- Economic conditions KW - Single parents -- Economic conditions KW - United States -- Social policy KW - California -- Social policy KW - Public welfare -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Wood%2C+Robert+G%3BBurghardt%2C+John&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1997-10-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Implementing+welfare+reform+requirements+for+teenage+parents%3A+lessons+from+experience+in+four+states&rft.title=Implementing+welfare+reform+requirements+for+teenage+parents%3A+lessons+from+experience+in+four+states&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/hsp/isp/teepareq/front.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of malachite green, gentian violet and their leuco analogs in catfish and trout tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography utilizing electrochemistry with ultraviolet-visible diode array detection and fluorescence detection. AN - 79437656; 9390733 AB - A sensitive analytical procedure for the confirmation of residues of malachite green (MG), gentian violet (GV) and their leuco analogs (LMG and LGV) in catfish and trout tissue at 10 ng/g is described. Frozen (-20 degrees C) fish fillets were cut into small pieces and homogenized in Waring blendors. The compounds of interest were extracted from 20-g amounts of homogenized fish tissue with acetonitrile-buffer, partitioned against methylene chloride, and isolated with tandem neutral alumina and propylsulfonic acid cation-exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges. Samples of 100 microl (0.8 g equiv.) were chromatographed isocratically in 10 min using an acetonitrile-buffer mobile phase on a short-chain deactivated (SCD) reversed-phase column (150x4.6 mm I.D.) in-line with a post-column oxidation coulometric electrochemical cell (EC), a UV-Vis diode array detector and a fluorescence detector. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications AU - Rushing, L G AU - Hansen, E B AD - Department of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1997/10/24/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 24 SP - 223 EP - 231 VL - 700 IS - 1-2 SN - 1387-2273, 1387-2273 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - Rosaniline Dyes KW - malachite green KW - 12058M7ORO KW - Gentian Violet KW - J4Z741D6O5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Electrochemistry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- chemistry KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Antifungal Agents -- chemistry KW - Gentian Violet -- chemistry KW - Gentian Violet -- analysis KW - Trout -- metabolism KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- analysis KW - Antifungal Agents -- analysis KW - Catfishes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79437656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+malachite+green%2C+gentian+violet+and+their+leuco+analogs+in+catfish+and+trout+tissue+by+high-performance+liquid+chromatography+utilizing+electrochemistry+with+ultraviolet-visible+diode+array+detection+and+fluorescence+detection.&rft.au=Rushing%2C+L+G%3BHansen%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=Rushing&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-10-24&rft.volume=700&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.issn=13872273&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-06 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of mineral-dust-induced DNA damage in two mammalian cell lines using the alkaline single cell gel/comet assay AN - 16222845; 4211875 AB - It has been estimated that over three million workers in the USA are potentially exposed to silica or other mineral dusts. Results of epidemiological studies evaluating whether silica or glass fibers increase lung cancer risk to the exposed workers are inconclusive. Detection of DNA damage in cells exposed to genotoxic agents is being used to assess the carcinogenic potential of environmental agents. The alkaline (pH>13) single cell gel/comet (SCG) assay was used to determine and compare DNA damage in cultured Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells) and human embryonic lung fibroblasts (Hel 299 cells) exposed to crystalline silica (Min-U-Sil 5), amorphous silica (Spherisorb), carbon black, and glass fibers (AAA-10). V79 or Hel 299 cells were exposed to these mineral dusts for 3 h at various concentrations. Min-U-Sil 5 and AAA-10, at almost all concentrations tested, caused a significant increase in DNA migration measured as tail length in both V79 and Hel 299 exposed cells. However, the increase was much higher in V79 then in Hel 299 cells for Min-U-Sil 5. Tail length was also increased relative to controls after amorphous silica treatment, but not to the same extent as that induced by crystalline silica. Exposure to carbon black did not induce DNA migration at any of the concentrations tested. These results indicate that silica and glass fibers, but not carbon black, can induce DNA damage in mammalian cells, and that crystalline silica has a higher DNA-damaging activity than amorphous silica. For glass fibers, induction of DNA damage in both V79 and Hel 299 cells was observed even at a concentration 10 times lower than silica and the response was similar in both cell lines. These results suggest that the SCG /comet assay is useful for the detection of DNA damage caused by occupationally related dusts/particles. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Zhong, B Z AU - Whong, W Z AU - Ong, T M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1997/10/24/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 24 SP - 181 EP - 187 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 393 IS - 3 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - comet assay KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16222845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Detection+of+mineral-dust-induced+DNA+damage+in+two+mammalian+cell+lines+using+the+alkaline+single+cell+gel%2Fcomet+assay&rft.au=Zhong%2C+B+Z%3BWhong%2C+W+Z%3BOng%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Zhong&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-10-24&rft.volume=393&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia in mice: Examination of dopamine depletion and heat-shock protein induction AN - 16220291; 4211397 AB - Methamphetamine (METH) is a common drug of abuse and a clinical anoretic which is known to cause neurotoxicity in rodents as evidenced by a depletion of dopamine (DA) and by decreased numbers of DA uptake sites in the striatum. It is also known to cause hyperthermia which is believed to induce the production of the 72-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP-72). In the present study, we evaluated whether METH induced the production of HSP-72 in both the mouse hippocampus and striatum and also attempted to correlate this induction with monoamine depletion. Adult male C57BL/6N mice received METH (20 mg/kg, i.p.) in an ambient temperature of 27 degree C and body temperatures were monitored up to 240 min after treatment. Animals were sacrificed 12, 18, 24, 39, and 48 h after treatment. One striatum was examined for DA, DOPAC, and HVA levels using HPLC-EC and the contralateral striatum, along with the hippocampus, was prepared for immunoblotting. HPLC-EC analysis revealed a significant depletion of DA, DOPAC, and HVA at all time points. There was, however, a significant increase in DA at 48 vs. 39 h. A biphasic production of HSP-72, in both the hippocampus and striatum, was detected by immunoblot. HSP-72 production was strong at 12 h which corresponds to neuronal induction. However, at 18 h in the striatum and 24 h in the hippocampus, the induction appears to be reduced. A second phase of HSP-72 induction occurred at 39 h in both regions. In a second experiment, mice were dosed according to the same paradigm and were perfused at 18 h after treatment for immunohistochemical analysis. HSP-72 immunoreactivity was found in neurons of the CA1 and CA4 regions of the hippocampus; however, no detectable response was evident in the striatum. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that a single injection of METH can lead to hyperthermia which may then result in both the induction of HSP-72 and depletion of DA concentration. JF - Brain Research AU - Kuperman, DI AU - Freyaldenhoven, TE AU - Schmued, L C AU - Syed, F A AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, HFT-132, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA, SALI@NCTR.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1997/10/17/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 17 SP - 221 EP - 227 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 771 IS - 2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Hsp72 protein KW - dopamine KW - heat shock proteins KW - methamphetamine KW - mice KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - N3 11106:Neurobiology of drug abuse KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16220291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Methamphetamine-induced+hyperthermia+in+mice%3A+Examination+of+dopamine+depletion+and+heat-shock+protein+induction&rft.au=Kuperman%2C+DI%3BFreyaldenhoven%2C+TE%3BSchmued%2C+L+C%3BSyed%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Kuperman&rft.aufirst=DI&rft.date=1997-10-17&rft.volume=771&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+Research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current and future approaches to neurotoxicity risk assessment. AN - 79417092; 9370005 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Slikker, W AU - Sobotka, T J AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. wslikker@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/10/15/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 15 SP - 406 EP - 418 VL - 825 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Drug Evaluation -- methods KW - Humans KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Forecasting KW - Risk Assessment KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79417092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Current+and+future+approaches+to+neurotoxicity+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W%3BSobotka%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-10-15&rft.volume=825&rft.issue=&rft.spage=406&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Excitotoxic mechanisms of neurodegeneration in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. AN - 79415340; 9369987 AB - Endogenous excitatory amino acids (EAAs) such as glutamic or aspartic acids have been proposed to mediate the brain damage to EAA receptor-rich brain sites that is caused by a variety of external toxic agents (glutamic acid, domoic acid, kainic acid, ibogaine, trimethyltin (TMT), 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)), as well as from such naturally-occurring age-related neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's chorea, and Parkinson's disease. Sites often damaged include the hypothalamus (glutamate), the hippocampal and neocortical pyramidal neurons (domoic acid), the cerebellar Purkinje neurons (ibogaine) and the corpus striatum (3-NPA, amphetamine). The excitotoxic damage occurs to neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites, resulting in a characteristics appearance of pyknotic neurons surrounded by their vacuolated, swollen dendrites. Axons passing through the region that lack EAA receptors are completely spared. However, astrocytes with swollen perikarya and nuclei (Alzheimer's type II "reactive" astrocytes) are often observed in the vicinity of the lesions. Animal and human "Prion Diseases" or "Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies" (TSEs) result (after a period of months to years) in a neurodegenerative picture characterized by pyknotic neurons surrounded by vacuoles with numerous reactive astrocytes in the vicinity of the damage. In addition, amyloid deposits composed of a protease-resistant protein (PrPSc) characteristic of the particular host species with the disease are found near the degenerating neurons. By using different strains of the scrapies TSE agent to inoculate hamsters and mice, reproducible models of hypothalamic, hippocampal, or cerebellar damage resulting in the appropriate functional deficits may be obtained. Because of the close similarity in the appearance, localization, and functional consequences from TSE neuropathology compared to some of the well-known EAA syndromes, we propose that excitotoxic mechanisms may play a role in the pathogenesis of TSE neurodegenerative diseases. The similarity in pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative processes in excitotoxicity compared to TSE diseases also implies that neuroprotective strategies against excitotoxicity may also be effective against TSEs. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Scallet, A C AU - Ye, X AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. ascallet@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/10/15/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 15 SP - 194 EP - 205 VL - 825 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Glutamic Acid KW - 3KX376GY7L KW - Ibogaine KW - 3S814I130U KW - N-Methylaspartate KW - 6384-92-5 KW - domoic acid KW - M02525818H KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Kainic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Glutamic Acid -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Hypothalamus -- pathology KW - N-Methylaspartate -- toxicity KW - Hypothalamus -- physiopathology KW - Mice KW - Kainic Acid -- metabolism KW - Ibogaine -- metabolism KW - Cricetinae KW - Brain -- physiopathology KW - Neurotoxins -- metabolism KW - Prion Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Nerve Degeneration -- physiopathology KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Prion Diseases -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79415340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Excitotoxic+mechanisms+of+neurodegeneration+in+transmissible+spongiform+encephalopathies.&rft.au=Scallet%2C+A+C%3BYe%2C+X&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-10-15&rft.volume=825&rft.issue=&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compensatory long-term effect of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. A possible mechanism for neuroprotection? AN - 79414769; 9369983 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Binienda, Z AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. zbinienda@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/10/15/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 15 SP - 146 EP - 151 VL - 825 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Propionates KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.3.99.1 KW - 3-nitropropionic acid KW - QY4L0FOX0D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fetus KW - Energy Metabolism KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Conditioning, Operant KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Male KW - Propionates -- toxicity KW - Motivation KW - Brain Ischemia -- pathology KW - Brain Ischemia -- psychology KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Learning -- physiology KW - Hypoxia, Brain -- chemically induced KW - Hypoxia, Brain -- pathology KW - Brain Ischemia -- chemically induced KW - Hypoxia, Brain -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79414769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Compensatory+long-term+effect+of+perinatal+hypoxia-ischemia.+A+possible+mechanism+for+neuroprotection%3F&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1997-10-15&rft.volume=825&rft.issue=&rft.spage=146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of heat shock proteins in MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. AN - 79414596; 9369985 AB - 1. MPTP and its major metabolite MPP+ have significant effects on body temperature regulation in mice, which are both age and strain dependent. 2. These effects were produced by intraperitoneal injection of either MPTP or MPP+ suggesting that the predominant site of action lies outside the blood-brain barrier. 3. The initial hyperthermia induced in CD-1 mice, which was sufficient to lead to the induction of HSP 72, appears to have a protective effect with regard to striatal dopamine depletion. 4. Cultured CHO cells are sensitive to MPP+ cytotoxicity at high concentrations. This toxicity can be reduced by heat shocking the cells prior to the addition of MPP(+)-containing media. 5. In summary, these in vivo and in vitro data strongly suggest that heat shock proteins (HSP 72) play a neuroprotective role in MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Freyaldenhoven, T E AU - Ali, S F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1997/10/15/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 15 SP - 167 EP - 178 VL - 825 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - 0 KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Neurotoxins KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium KW - R865A5OY8J KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Dopamine Agents -- pharmacology KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - CHO Cells KW - Mice KW - Cell Death -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Cricetinae KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium -- pharmacology KW - MPTP Poisoning KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79414596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Role+of+heat+shock+proteins+in+MPTP-induced+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Freyaldenhoven%2C+T+E%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Freyaldenhoven&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-10-15&rft.volume=825&rft.issue=&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Public health laboratories and health system change AN - 59771375; 1998-0501540 AB - Examines the impact of health system changes, particularly the growth in managed care, on public health laboratories; some focus on impacts of consolidation and emergence of large private clinical laboratories; US. US Department of Health and Human Services funded research. Based on interviews with more than 50 public and private sector users and managers of medical testing facilities. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, October 6 1997. Y1 - 1997/10/06/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Oct 06 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Public health -- United States KW - Medical laboratories -- United States KW - Managed care -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59771375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-10-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Public+health+laboratories+and+health+system+change&rft.title=Public+health+laboratories+and+health+system+change&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/health/reports/phlabs/front.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cultural competence for evaluators: a guide for alcohol and other drug abuse prevention practitioners working with ethnic/racial communities AN - 839090657; 1642730 JF - Addiction AU - Orlandi, Mario A AU - Weston, Raymond AU - Epstein, Leonard G AU - Collins, R Lorraine AU - Collins, R Lorraine Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1376 PB - US Department of Health and Human Services VL - 92 IS - 10 SN - 0965-2140, 0965-2140 KW - Sociology KW - Alcoholism KW - Ethnic minorities KW - U.S.A. KW - Drug abuse KW - Substance abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839090657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Addiction&rft.atitle=Cultural+competence+for+evaluators%3A+a+guide+for+alcohol+and+other+drug+abuse+prevention+practitioners+working+with+ethnic%2Fracial+communities&rft.au=Orlandi%2C+Mario+A%3BWeston%2C+Raymond%3BEpstein%2C+Leonard+G%3BCollins%2C+R+Lorraine&rft.aulast=Orlandi&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addiction&rft.issn=09652140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 3742 1121 11776 3753 3755; 12356 12357; 913 561 6220; 4427 8122; 433 293 14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The toxicologic hazard of superfund hazardous-waste sites. AN - 79589865; 9553998 AB - Uncontrolled hazardous-waste sites are a major environmental and public health concern in the United States and elsewhere. The remediation of and public health responses to these sites is mandated by the federal Superfund statute. Approximately 40,000 uncontrolled waste sites have been reported to U.S. federal agencies. About 1,300 of these sites constitute the current National Priorities List (NPL) of sites for remediation. Findings from a national database on NPL sites show approximately 40% present completed exposure pathways, although this figure rose to 80% in 1996. Data from 1992 through 1996 indicate that 46% of sites are a hazard to public health. Thirty substances are found at 6% or more of sites with completed pathways. Eighteen of the substances are known human carcinogens or reasonably anticipated to be carcinogenic. Many of the 30 substances also possess systemic toxicity. The high percentage of sites with completed exposure pathways and the toxicity potential of substances in these pathways show that uncontrolled hazardous-waste sites are a major environmental threat to human health. Findings from the United States' experience in responding to uncontrolled waste sites are relevant to other countries as they address similar environmental and public health concerns. JF - Reviews on environmental health AU - Johnson, B L AU - DeRosa, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. blj2@cdc.gov PY - 1997 SP - 235 EP - 251 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0048-7554, 0048-7554 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Databases, Factual KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Public Health KW - Hazardous Waste -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79589865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+on+environmental+health&rft.atitle=The+toxicologic+hazard+of+superfund+hazardous-waste+sites.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+B+L%3BDeRosa%2C+C&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+on+environmental+health&rft.issn=00487554&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-29 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-dependent resistance factors in the pathogenesis of foodborne infectious disease. AN - 79544819; 9458992 AB - With increasing age there is an increase in both the incidence as well as the mortality due to many infectious illnesses, and foodborne infectious disease is no exception. A review of the pertinent literature identified studies concerning foodborne disease caused by infectious agents in the elderly, as well as those factors that could account for the increase in morbidity and mortality seen in the elderly due to foodborne infections. The published information suggested that the basis for the increased incidence, severity and risk of death of many foodborne infectious diseases in elderly persons is related to factors such as reduced gastric acidity, a higher prevalence of underlying medical disorders (co-morbidity factors), and immune system changes that result in a less effective host defense against infectious agents. The greater risk of foodborne disease experienced by elderly persons results from the contribution of non-immune and immune mediated factors. Due to the growing number of persons over the age of 65 years in the United States, foodborne disease in this age group will continue to be an important source of illness and death in the population. JF - Aging (Milan, Italy) AU - Klontz, K C AU - Adler, W H AU - Potter, M AD - Epidemiology Branch, HFS-728, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204, USA. Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 320 EP - 326 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 0394-9532, 0394-9532 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Foodborne Diseases -- immunology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- microbiology KW - Bacterial Infections -- immunology KW - Immune System -- immunology KW - Aging -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79544819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aging+%28Milan%2C+Italy%29&rft.atitle=Age-dependent+resistance+factors+in+the+pathogenesis+of+foodborne+infectious+disease.&rft.au=Klontz%2C+K+C%3BAdler%2C+W+H%3BPotter%2C+M&rft.aulast=Klontz&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aging+%28Milan%2C+Italy%29&rft.issn=03949532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-24 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affecting the growth of Fusarium proliferatum and the production of fumonisin B1: oxygen and pH. AN - 79528741; 9439006 AB - Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced primarily by Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum in corn. In liquid culture, production of fumonisin B1 (FB1), the most common moiety of the family of fumonisins, can be obtained using a defined medium that is nitrogen-limited. Under nitrogen-limited conditions both growth and the production of FB1 were greatly influenced by pH and aeration. At pH above 5.0, F. proliferatum grew normally but produced little FB1 (< 100 micrograms m-1). At pH below 5.0, there was less growth but substantially more FB1. Below a pH of 2.5, both growth and metabolism were slower with very little FB1 produced. When the optimal pH range of between 3.0 and 4.0 under well-aerated conditions was used, both growth and FB1 production were high. However, under oxygen-limited conditions, less growth occurred, glucose consumption was increased, and no FB1 was produced. JF - Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology AU - Keller, S E AU - Sullivan, T M AU - Chirtel, S AD - National Center for Food Safety and Technology, US Food and Drug Administration, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA. Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 305 EP - 309 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Biotechnology KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Bioreactors KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Oxygen -- pharmacology KW - Fusarium -- growth & development KW - Carboxylic Acids -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79528741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology+%26+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+the+growth+of+Fusarium+proliferatum+and+the+production+of+fumonisin+B1%3A+oxygen+and+pH.&rft.au=Keller%2C+S+E%3BSullivan%2C+T+M%3BChirtel%2C+S&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology+%26+biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-05 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A unified approach to a class of stochastic carcinogenesis models. AN - 79472201; 9404051 AB - Survival and hazard functions play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis modeling. This paper provides a unified approach to computing these two quantities by classifying a large class of carcinogenesis models from a computational point of view, and prescribes specific computational recipes according to this classification. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Zheng, Q AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 617 EP - 624 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Stochastic Processes KW - Survival Analysis KW - Risk Assessment KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Models, Biological KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79472201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=A+unified+approach+to+a+class+of+stochastic+carcinogenesis+models.&rft.au=Zheng%2C+Q&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-15 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - ATSDR science panel on the bioavailability of mercury in soils: lessons learned. AN - 79466646; 9404043 AB - On the basis of discussion and analysis during and following an ATSDR science panel on the bioavailability of mercury in soils, it is apparent that the default assumption of 100% relative bioavailability for mercury-contaminated soils is excessively conservative. However, current knowledge does not allow the development of default assumptions or guidelines for determining relative bioavailability of mercury in soils. Until such default assumptions or guidelines can be developed, site-specific assays of bioavailability, preferably using either animal bioassays or validated in vitro techniques, may provide the best approach for estimating soil-mercury bioavailability. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Canady, R A AU - Hanley, J E AU - Susten, A S Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 527 EP - 532 VL - 17 IS - 5 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Health KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- toxicity KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Risk Assessment KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- analysis KW - Biological Availability KW - Soil Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Mercury -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Mercury -- pharmacokinetics KW - Mercury -- toxicity KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79466646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=ATSDR+science+panel+on+the+bioavailability+of+mercury+in+soils%3A+lessons+learned.&rft.au=Canady%2C+R+A%3BHanley%2C+J+E%3BSusten%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Canady&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-15 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pimozide-induced depression in men who stutter. AN - 79430166; 9375593 AB - Neuroleptic-related dysphoric reactions are well recognized in the context of psychiatric disorders, especially in association with extrapyramidal side effects. Very few controlled data exist regarding the effects of neuroleptics on the mood of psychiatrically "normal" subjects. In this study, the depressogenic effect of the neuroleptic drug pimozide was assessed in men without psychiatric disorders. Eight men with developmental stuttering but no past or present psychiatric illness participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessing the effect of 6 weeks of pimozide treatment on speech fluency and mood. Four of the seven subjects who were compliant with the treatment developed marked depressive symptoms. No clear association was found between these reactions and pimozide dose, blood level, or degree of neurologic side effects. Symptoms abated soon after drug discontinuation. Pimozide induced significant depressive symptoms in this group of psychiatrically normal men who stutter. Neuroleptic drugs may have a causal effect in the induction of depression in psychiatrically normal subjects, ostensibly independent of dose or severity of neurologic side effects. JF - The Journal of clinical psychiatry AU - Bloch, M AU - Stager, S AU - Braun, A AU - Calis, K A AU - Turcasso, N M AU - Grothe, D R AU - Rubinow, D R AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. 20892-1276, USA. Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 433 EP - 436 VL - 58 IS - 10 SN - 0160-6689, 0160-6689 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - 0 KW - Placebos KW - Pimozide KW - 1HIZ4DL86F KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Affect -- drug effects KW - Sex Factors KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Humans KW - Personality Inventory KW - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales KW - Adult KW - Cross-Over Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Speech -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Basal Ganglia Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Pimozide -- therapeutic use KW - Pimozide -- adverse effects KW - Stuttering -- psychology KW - Stuttering -- drug therapy KW - Depressive Disorder -- chemically induced KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Depressive Disorder -- diagnosis KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79430166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+clinical+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Pimozide-induced+depression+in+men+who+stutter.&rft.au=Bloch%2C+M%3BStager%2C+S%3BBraun%2C+A%3BCalis%2C+K+A%3BTurcasso%2C+N+M%3BGrothe%2C+D+R%3BRubinow%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Bloch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+clinical+psychiatry&rft.issn=01606689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and utilization of the rat lymphocyte hprt mutation assay. AN - 79420634; 9372851 AB - Much of the recent progress in the field of genetic toxicology has come from an increased understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of the mammalian organism. Most prominent has been the ability to detect and quantify somatic mutation and relate the nature of the mutation to the specific type of chemical damage. Building upon the foundation of the human lymphocyte hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) system, and later, the mouse hprt system, methods for the detection and quantification of hprt mutations in rat lymphocytes were developed. These methods are described in this report as is the ongoing validation of the assay. Additionally, the characterization of the recovered mutants and a comparison of the mutation spectrum in the rat lymphocyte system to the spectrum in cancer genes, such as H-ras and p53, and the spectrum in transgenic systems, such as lacI, are included. The development of the rat lymphocyte hprt system and validation of the assay at the molecular level, provide an effective and reliable measure of genetic damage in an in vivo system which is readily comparable to measurement of genetic damage in the human. JF - Mutation research AU - Aidoo, A AU - Morris, S M AU - Casciano, D A AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. baidoo@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 69 EP - 88 VL - 387 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Toxicity Tests -- methods KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Lymphocytes KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79420634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Development+and+utilization+of+the+rat+lymphocyte+hprt+mutation+assay.&rft.au=Aidoo%2C+A%3BMorris%2C+S+M%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Aidoo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=387&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotypic selection methods for the direct analysis of point mutations. AN - 79420300; 9372853 AB - Genotypic selection enriches a particular DNA sequence relative to another closely-related DNA sequence based only on a change of one or a few bases. This review is a survey of the genotypic selection methods that have the sensitivity to detect rare point mutations. These methods are primarily being used to study mutations caused by environmental mutagens; however, the ability to detect and measure very minor DNA sequence populations is likely to further research efforts in many fields. The approaches for allele-selection have intrinsic strengths and weaknesses, and vary greatly in sensitivity. The most sensitive method is Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism/Polymerase Chain Reaction (RFLP/PCR) by which mutant fractions as low as 1 mutant allele in 10(8) wild-type alleles can be detected. The RFLP/PCR approach is presented as a prototype genotypic selection method. Genotypic selection methods are categorized in terms of those that (1) selectively destroy the abundant or wild-type allele, (2) selectively amplify the rare or mutant allele, or (3) spatially separate the alleles. Issues relevant to the further development of genotypic selection methods include initial DNA pool size, strategies to eliminate the bulk of extraneous DNA, the use of an internal copy number standard in quantitative PCR, the fidelity of thermostable DNA polymerases, and the effective use of PCR in linking two or more genotypic selection techniques. We conclude that proficient genotypic selection requires more than one allele-enrichment technique with at least one of these preceding a high-fidelity PCR amplification step. JF - Mutation research AU - Parsons, B L AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, HFT-120, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. bparsons@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 97 EP - 121 VL - 387 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Genotype KW - DNA Mutational Analysis -- methods KW - Point Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79420300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Genotypic+selection+methods+for+the+direct+analysis+of+point+mutations.&rft.au=Parsons%2C+B+L%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=387&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neonatal mouse assay for tumorigenicity: alternative to the chronic rodent bioassay. AN - 79390499; 9356286 AB - The chronic rodent bioassay for tumors has been utilized systematically for 25 years to identify chemicals with carcinogenic potential in man. In general, those chemicals exhibiting tumorigenicity at multiple sites in both mice and rats have been regarded as possessing strong carcinogenic potential in humans. In comparison, the value of data collected for those test chemicals exhibiting more sporadic tumorigenicity results (e.g., single species/single sex or dose-independent) has been questioned. As knowledge of the carcinogenic process has increased, several alternative test systems, usually faster and less expensive than the 2-year bioassay, have been suggested for identification of the strongly acting, transspecies carcinogens. The International Conference on Harmonization for Technical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use has proposed an international standard that allows for the use of one long-term rodent carcinogenicity study, plus one supplementary study to identify potential human pharmaceutical carcinogens. The neonatal mouse assay for tumorigenicity has been used since 1959; however, relative to other alternate tests, little has been written about this system. It is clear that this assay system successfully identifies transspecies carcinogens from numerous chemical classes, thus recommending itself as a strong candidate for a supplementary study to identify potential human carcinogens. In contrast, there are decidedly less data available from this assay in response to pharmaceuticals shown to exhibit weak and/or conflicting results in the 2-year bioassay, knowledge invaluable to the regulatory process. This paper reviews the historical development and our experience with the neonatal mouse assay and includes suggestions for a standardized protocol and strategies to document its response to "weak" and/or "nongenotoxic" carcinogens. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Flammang, T J AU - Tungeln, L S AU - Kadlubar, F F AU - Fu, P P AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration/National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 230 EP - 240 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Xenobiotics KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- standards KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Xenobiotics -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79390499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Neonatal+mouse+assay+for+tumorigenicity%3A+alternative+to+the+chronic+rodent+bioassay.&rft.au=Flammang%2C+T+J%3BTungeln%2C+L+S%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Flammang&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-27 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A sampling and analytical method for the simultaneous determination of multiple organonitrogen pesticides in air. AN - 79353517; 9342832 AB - An air sampling and analytical method was developed for organonitrogen pesticides using a combined filter and XAD-2 sorbent sampler and high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. The method was evaluated for 14 organonitrogen pesticides by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health evaluation guidelines and procedures. Evaluation experiments addressed limits of detection and quantitation, analytical recovery, sampler capacity, sample stability, and precision and bias over a range of 12 to 240 micrograms per sample. Samples were stable when stored for up to 30 days under either ambient or refrigerated conditions. Based on the finding of this work, 10 of the 14 compounds studied (aldicarb, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorpropham, diuron, formetanate, methiocarb, oxamyl, propham) can be successfully determined simultaneously using one method with an accuracy of better than +/- 25% of the true value with 95% confidence. Two other compounds (carbendazim/benomyl, methomyl) can be measured with the same accuracy over a more limited concentration range. The remaining two compounds (propoxur, thiobencarb) may meet this criterion, but additional samples would need to be included in the data analysis. With the current data, these two compounds can be determined with an accuracy of better than +/- 27% of the true value with 95% confidence. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Kennedy, E R AU - Lin, J J AU - Reynolds, J M AU - Perkins, J B AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 720 EP - 725 VL - 58 IS - 10 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Nitrogen Compounds KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Nitrogen Compounds -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79353517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=A+sampling+and+analytical+method+for+the+simultaneous+determination+of+multiple+organonitrogen+pesticides+in+air.&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+E+R%3BLin%2C+J+J%3BReynolds%2C+J+M%3BPerkins%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=720&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-25 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors controlling acid tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes: effects of nisin and other ionophores. AN - 79324426; 9327581 AB - The acid tolerance of a Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strain was studied by measuring its ability to survive at an acidic pH at 37 degrees C. The acid tolerance of L. monocytogenes was much lower than those of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Shigella flexneri strains. This observation suggested a higher infective dose for L. monocytogenes than E. coli O157:H7 and Shigella. The susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to acidic pH was dependent upon growth medium pH and growth phase of the culture. Nisin and some other ionophores reduced the acid tolerance of both stationary-phase and log-phase cultures of L. monocytogenes. These studies indicated that nisin might be a useful candidate for controlling acid tolerance of L. monocytogenes. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Datta, A R AU - Benjamin, M M AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204, USA. ARD@VAX8.CFSAN.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 4123 EP - 4126 VL - 63 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Ionophores KW - Nisin KW - 1414-45-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Shigella flexneri -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Humans KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- metabolism KW - Shigella flexneri -- drug effects KW - Culture Media -- chemistry KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- metabolism KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- drug effects KW - Ionophores -- pharmacology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- growth & development KW - Nisin -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79324426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Factors+controlling+acid+tolerance+of+Listeria+monocytogenes%3A+effects+of+nisin+and+other+ionophores.&rft.au=Datta%2C+A+R%3BBenjamin%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Infect Dis. 1974 Jan;129(1):45-52 [4809112] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1997 Feb 15;147(2):173-80 [9119190] J Infect Dis. 1989 May;159(5):979-83 [2651535] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1989;43:293-316 [2478072] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1991 Apr;4(2):169-83 [1906370] Microbiol Rev. 1991 Sep;55(3):476-511 [1943998] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Jul;58(7):2255-9 [1637163] Microbiol Rev. 1992 Sep;56(3):395-411 [1406489] Infect Immun. 1993 Jan;61(1):364-7 [8418063] Int J Food Microbiol. 1993 Mar;18(1):15-24 [8466809] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jun;59(6):1842-7 [8328803] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1993;47:855-74 [8257118] J Bacteriol. 1994 Mar;176(6):1729-37 [8132468] N Engl J Med. 1994 Sep 1;331(9):579-84 [8047082] JAMA. 1994 Nov 2;272(17):1349-53 [7933395] Int J Food Microbiol. 1994 Dec;24(1-2):53-74 [7703030] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Apr;61(4):1669-72 [7747983] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 May;61(5):2037-9 [7646045] Mol Microbiol. 1995 Jul;17(1):155-67 [7476202] Crit Rev Microbiol. 1995;21(4):215-37 [8688153] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 May;62(5):1693-8 [8633868] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 May;62(5):1822-4 [8633882] Infect Immun. 1996 Jul;64(7):2808-11 [8698513] Int J Food Microbiol. 1995 Dec;28(2):169-85 [8750665] Int J Food Microbiol. 1995 Dec;28(2):263-75 [8750672] Microbiology. 1996 Nov;142 ( Pt 11):3195-200 [8969516] Microbiol Rev. 1985 Dec;49(4):359-78 [3912654] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of malachite green to leucomalachite green by intestinal bacteria. AN - 79321342; 9327576 AB - Intestinal microfloras from human, rat, mouse, and monkey fecal samples and 14 pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria representative of those found in the human gastrointestinal tract metabolized the triphenylmethane dye malachite green to leucomalachite green. The reduction of malachite green to the leuco derivative suggests that intestinal microflora could play an important role in the metabolic activation of the triphenylmethane dye to a potential carcinogen. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Henderson, A L AU - Schmitt, T C AU - Heinze, T M AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 4099 EP - 4101 VL - 63 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Rosaniline Dyes KW - malachite green KW - 12058M7ORO KW - leucomalachite green KW - 8U61G37Z20 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacteria, Anaerobic -- metabolism KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Humans KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- toxicity KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Aniline Compounds -- toxicity KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Aniline Compounds -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79321342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+malachite+green+to+leucomalachite+green+by+intestinal+bacteria.&rft.au=Henderson%2C+A+L%3BSchmitt%2C+T+C%3BHeinze%2C+T+M%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4099&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Drug Metab Dispos. 1984 May-Jun;12(3):330-6 [6145560] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 May 16;200(3):1544-50 [8185609] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1985 Oct;5(5):902-12 [4065463] J Microsc. 1989 Apr;154(Pt 1):83-92 [2473211] Vet Hum Toxicol. 1986;28 Suppl 1:21-4 [3509649] Carcinogenesis. 1991 May;12(5):839-45 [1674233] Cancer Lett. 1992 Dec 24;67(2-3):93-101 [1483270] Drug Metab Rev. 1992;24(4):425-92 [1289035] J AOAC Int. 1994 May-Jun;77(3):553-7 [8012199] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Sep;61(9):3202-7 [7574628] J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1995 Aug 4;670(1):55-62 [7493085] J AOAC Int. 1995 Jul-Aug;78(4):971-7 [7580338] J AOAC Int. 1995 Nov-Dec;78(6):1388-94 [8664575] Toxicol Lett. 1995 Nov 15;81(2-3):107-13 [8553364] Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1992 Nov;11(11):1012-5 [1295753] Arch Toxicol. 1984 Nov;56(1):43-5 [6517711] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agreement between company-recorded and self-reported estimates of duration and frequency of occupational fumigant exposure. AN - 79208723; 9258390 AB - Investigators must often rely on self-reported work history information collected with questionnaires. However, little is known about the agreement between self-reported estimates of exposure and records kept by companies. As part of a cross-sectional medical study of structural fumigation workers, self-reported work history information was collected on both duration and frequency of exposure using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. All company records available on these workers were also collected. Only 15 of 81 structural fumigation companies identified by study participants as current or past structural fumigation employers had records suitable for comparison. These 15 companies employed 32 of the workers who participated in the cross-sectional medical study. The exposure information provided by the 32 workers was compared to information obtained from company records. By examining the agreement between these two data sources, potential limitations were identified in both the self-reported and company-recorded exposure data. By recognizing these limitations in the exposure data, we identified the most appropriate exposure measures to be used in subsequent data analyses. This exercise also demonstrated the difficulties in undertaking these exposure comparisons in an industry consisting of many small, independent companies. Similar difficulties with assessing exposures may be experienced by investigators studying other service industries consisting of many small, independent companies (e.g., dry cleaning, auto repair). JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Calvert, G M AU - Mueller, C A AU - O'Neill, V L AU - Fajen, J M AU - Briggle, T AU - Fleming, L E AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. jac6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 364 EP - 368 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Sulfinic Acids KW - sulfuryl fluoride KW - 64B59K7U6Q KW - methyl bromide KW - 9V42E1Z7B6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Sulfinic Acids -- adverse effects KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Middle Aged KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- adverse effects KW - Florida KW - Statistics, Nonparametric KW - Fumigation KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Pesticides -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79208723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Agreement+between+company-recorded+and+self-reported+estimates+of+duration+and+frequency+of+occupational+fumigant+exposure.&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BMueller%2C+C+A%3BO%27Neill%2C+V+L%3BFajen%2C+J+M%3BBriggle%2C+T%3BFleming%2C+L+E&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Metalworking fluid-associated hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a workshop summary. AN - 79203911; 9258399 AB - A workshop discussing eight clusters of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in the automotive industry among metalworking fluid-exposed workers concluded that a risk exists for this granulomatous lung disease where water-based fluids are used and unusual microbial contaminants predominate. Strong candidates for microbial etiology are nontuberculous mycobacteria and fungi. Cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis occur among cases with other work-related respiratory symptoms and chest diseases. Reversibility of disease has occurred in many cases with exposure cessation, allowing return to work to jobs without metalworking fluid exposures or, in some situations, to jobs without the same metalworking fluid exposures. Cases have been recognized with metalworking fluid exposures generally less than 0.5 mg/m3. The workshop participants identified knowledge gaps regarding risk factors, exposure-response relationships, intervention efficacy, and natural history, as well as surveillance needs to define the extent of the problem in this industry. In the absence of answers to these questions, guidance for prevention is necessarily limited. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Kreiss, K AU - Cox-Ganser, J Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 SP - 423 EP - 432 VL - 32 IS - 4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Industrial Oils -- microbiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Automobiles KW - Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- microbiology KW - Metallurgy KW - Industrial Oils -- adverse effects KW - Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic -- prevention & control KW - Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79203911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Metalworking+fluid-associated+hypersensitivity+pneumonitis%3A+a+workshop+summary.&rft.au=Kreiss%2C+K%3BCox-Ganser%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kreiss&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Chartbook on children's insurance status: tabulations of the March 1996 Current Population Survey AN - 59772265; 1998-0501710 AB - Demographic and other characteristics of insured and uninsured children; 1995 data; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, Fall 1997. Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - October 1997 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - United States -- Health conditions -- Statistics KW - Children -- Medical care -- Statistics KW - Health insurance -- United States -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Chartbook+on+children%27s+insurance+status%3A+tabulations+of+the+March+1996+Current+Population+Survey&rft.title=Chartbook+on+children%27s+insurance+status%3A+tabulations+of+the+March+1996+Current+Population+Survey&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/health/chartbk/cover.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Bayesian analysis of serial dilutions offers a worse positive bias than the MPN and proposes an inappropriate interval estimate AN - 16542389; 4341194 AB - The recent article 'Estimating bacterial density from tube dilution data by a Bayesian method', by Roussanov et al., inappropriately treats the likelihood function over a scalar (not logarithmic) axis as a Bayesian probability distribution over a universe of possible concentrations of microbes. The authors recommend that the mean of that distribution serve as a point estimate, but they derive an interval estimate that is inconsistent with the use of the mean for the point estimate. Using the uniform prior distribution is unsatisfactory on Bayesian terms. Using the interval estimate is inappropriate. The point estimate derived from the scalar mean is much more positively biased than the MPN. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Garthright, W E AD - Division of Mathematics, US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 515 EP - 517 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Bayesian analysis KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Most probable number KW - Counting methods KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16542389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+Bayesian+analysis+of+serial+dilutions+offers+a+worse+positive+bias+than+the+MPN+and+proposes+an+inappropriate+interval+estimate&rft.au=Garthright%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Garthright&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Most probable number; Counting methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thyroid hormones and cytogenetic outcomes in backpack sprayers using ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC) fungicides in Mexico AN - 16269845; 4258735 AB - Ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC) fungicides are used heavily in the United States. EBDCs (e.g., mancozeb, maneb) are metabolized to ethylene thiourea (ETU). The EPA classifies ETU as a carcinogen, based on thyroid and other cancers in rodents, and has restricted the use of EBDCs, while requiring workers to use protective equipment. There are no data on the potential carcinogenicity of EBDCs in humans, and there is only one study on human genotoxicity. ETU is known to cause decreases of thyroxin (T sub(4)) and increases in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in rodents. We have studied cytogenetic outcomes and serum thyroid hormone levels among 49 heavily exposed workers without protective equipment spraying EBDC on tomatoes in Mexico. We also studied 14 highly exposed landowners and 31 nonexposed controls. Urinary ETU was used to compare exposure between groups. We found an increase in TSH (p = 0.05) among applicators compared to controls, but no decrease in thyroid hormone (T sub(4)). We found increases in sister chromatid exchange (p = 0.03) and in chromosome translocations (chromosome aberrations that persist through cell division) for applicators compared to controls (p = 0.05). However, the subset of reciprocal translocations showed a lesser increase (p = 0.24). Our data suggest that EBDCs affect the thyroid gland and the lymphocyte genome among heavily exposed workers. However, our data are limited to subclinical outcomes, are of borderline statistical significance, and should be interpreted with caution. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Steenland, K AU - Cedillo, L AU - Tucker, J AU - Hines, C AU - Sorensen, K AU - Deddens, J AU - Cruz, V AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1997/10// PY - 1997 DA - Oct 1997 SP - 1126 EP - 1130 VL - 105 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Mexico KW - ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) KW - ethylenebis(dithiocarbamic acid) KW - maneb KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24135:Biochemistry KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16269845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Thyroid+hormones+and+cytogenetic+outcomes+in+backpack+sprayers+using+ethylenebis%28dithiocarbamate%29+%28EBDC%29+fungicides+in+Mexico&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BCedillo%2C+L%3BTucker%2C+J%3BHines%2C+C%3BSorensen%2C+K%3BDeddens%2C+J%3BCruz%2C+V&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General AN - 17163719; 4462662 AB - This report is the first report of the Surgeon General on physical activity and health. For more than a century, the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service has focused the nation's attention on important public health issues. Reports from Surgeons General on the adverse health consequences of smoking triggered nationwide efforts to prevent tobacco use. Reports on nutrition, violence, and HIV/AlDS - to name but a few - have heightened America's awareness of important public health issues and have spawned major public health initiatives. This new report, which is a comprehensive review of the available scientific evidence about the relationship between physical activity and health status, follows in this notable tradition. Scientists and doctors have known for years that substantial benefits can be gained from regular physical activity. The expanding and strengthening evidence on the relationship between physical activity and health necessitates the focus this report brings to this important public health challenge. Although the science of physical activity is a complex and still-developing field, we have today strong evidence to indicate that regular physical activity will provide clear and substantial health gains. In this sense, the report is more than a summary of the science - it is a national call to action. AU - Manley, A F Y1 - 1997/09/15/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Sep 15 SP - 293 KW - physical activity KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Tobacco KW - Nutrition KW - Violence KW - Public health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17163719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Manley%2C+A+F&rft.aulast=Manley&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-09-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Physical+Activity+and+Health%3A+A+Report+of+the+Surgeon+General&rft.title=Physical+Activity+and+Health%3A+A+Report+of+the+Surgeon+General&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Available from: NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Rd, Springfield, VA 22161, USA. 1-800-553-NTIS or 1- 703-605-6000 or orders[at]ntis.fedworld.gov. NTIS accession number: ADA3290475. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Confidentiality of individually-identifiable health information: recommendations of the Secretary of Health and Human Services, pursuant to section 264 of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 AN - 59772295; 1998-0501740 AB - Submitted to the Committee on Labor and Human Resources and the Committee on Finance, US Senate, and the Committee on Commerce and the Committee on Ways and Means, US House of Representatives. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, September 11 1997. Y1 - 1997/09/11/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Sep 11 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Privacy -- United States -- Legislation KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Medical records -- United States -- Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-09-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Confidentiality+of+individually-identifiable+health+information%3A+recommendations+of+the+Secretary+of+Health+and+Human+Services%2C+pursuant+to+section+264+of+the+Health+Insurance+Portability+and+Accountability+Act+of+1996&rft.title=Confidentiality+of+individually-identifiable+health+information%3A+recommendations+of+the+Secretary+of+Health+and+Human+Services%2C+pursuant+to+section+264+of+the+Health+Insurance+Portability+and+Accountability+Act+of+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/admnsimp/PVCREC1.HTM LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of mutations in the K-ras and p53 genes of lung tumors and in the hprt gene of 6-thioguanine-resistant T-lymphocytes from rats treated with 1,6-dinitropyrene. AN - 79338725; 9330623 AB - Direct pulmonary instillation of 1,6-dinitropyrene (DNP) into male Fischer 344 rats results in a dose-dependent induction of lung tumors and 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) T-lymphocytes. The treatment also results in DNP binding to dG in the lung and in T-lymphocytes. In the present study, we have examined the types of mutations associated with these responses to DNP. Sequencing of DNA amplification products from 20 DNP-induced lung tumors identified 5 mutations in K-ras codon 12, 4 GGT-->TGT transversions and one GGT-->GAT transition. No mutations were found in K-ras codons 13 or 61. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of p53 exons 5-8 revealed mobility shifts indicative of mutation in 9 of the 20 tumor samples. Eight of the mutations were substitutions at G:C base pairs, and one was a deletion of a single G:C base pair. DNA from 161 TGr lymphocyte colonies cultured from DNP-treated rats was examined for point mutations by amplification of hprt exons 2, 3, and 8, and screening the products for mutant: wild-type heteroduplex formation by denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis. Only three mutations were found, a G-->T transversion in exon 3, a G-->A transition in exon 8, and a complex mutation consisting of a tandem G-->T transversion and a one base deletion in exon 3. The mutations identified in the DNP-induced lung tumors and TGr T-lymphocytes are consistent with the formation of dG-DNA adducts by DNP. The extremely low recovery of point mutations from TGr lymphocytes suggests that DNP induces a substantial number of mutations by other mechanisms. JF - Mutation research AU - Smith, B A AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Pogribny, I P AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Chen, T AU - Fullerton, N F AU - Beland, F A AU - Heflich, R H AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. BASmith@NCTR.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1997/09/05/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Sep 05 SP - 61 EP - 68 VL - 379 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Pyrenes KW - 1,6-dinitropyrene KW - 66Q2ZUF83N KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Thioguanine KW - FTK8U1GZNX KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Clone Cells KW - Exons -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Drug Resistance KW - Male KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- drug effects KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Genes, ras -- drug effects KW - Genes, p53 -- drug effects KW - Point Mutation -- drug effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- immunology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- genetics KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - T-Lymphocytes -- enzymology KW - Thioguanine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79338725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+mutations+in+the+K-ras+and+p53+genes+of+lung+tumors+and+in+the+hprt+gene+of+6-thioguanine-resistant+T-lymphocytes+from+rats+treated+with+1%2C6-dinitropyrene.&rft.au=Smith%2C+B+A%3BManjanatha%2C+M+G%3BPogribny%2C+I+P%3BMittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BChen%2C+T%3BFullerton%2C+N+F%3BBeland%2C+F+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-09-05&rft.volume=379&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-28 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of DNA adducts in Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with mutagenic doses of 1- and 3-nitrosobenzo[a]pyrene and the trans-7,8-diol-anti-9,10-epoxides of 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene. AN - 79336173; 9330621 AB - The environmental contaminants 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (1- and 3-nitro-BaP) are mutagens in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with exogenous metabolic activation. Previous studies demonstrated the potent direct-acting mutagenicity of the oxidized metabolites, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1-nitrobenzo[a] pyrene (1-NBaPDE) and trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9, 10-tetrahydro-3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (3-NBaPDE), and the partially nitroreduced metabolites, 1- and 3-nitrosobenzo[a]pyrene (1- and 3-NO-BaP). In this study, we have identified the major adduct formed by incubation of calf thymus DNA with 1-NBaPDE and used this standard in conjunction with other adduct standards to characterize the 32P-postlabeled DNA adducts produced by 1- and 3-nitro-BaP metabolites in CHO cultures. The major adduct from 1-NBaPDE exposure was 10-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1- nitrobenzo[a]pyrene; from 3-NBaPDE, 10-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3- nitrobenzo[a]pyrene; from 1-NO-BaP, 6-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-1-aminobenzo[a]pyrene; and from 3-NO-BaP, 6-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-3-aminobenzo[a]pyrene. For comparison, the adducts formed by trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene and the related nitroreduced derivative 6-nitrosobenzo[a]pyrene were also examined. The nitrobenzo[a]pyrene DNA adducts described in this study are proposed to be involved in the mutagenicity of 1- and 3-nitro-BaP upon either oxidative or reductive metabolism. JF - Mutation research AU - Zhan, D J AU - Chiu, L H AU - Von Tungeln, L S AU - Herreno-Saenz, D AU - Cheng, E AU - Evans, F E AU - Heflich, R H AU - Fu, P P AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/09/05/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Sep 05 SP - 43 EP - 52 VL - 379 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate KW - 0 KW - Benzopyrenes KW - DNA Adducts KW - Deoxyribonucleotides KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Mutagens KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - 3-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide KW - 149559-16-0 KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide KW - 55097-80-8 KW - 3-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene KW - 70021-98-6 KW - 1-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene KW - 70021-99-7 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA -- isolation & purification KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Thymus Gland KW - Deoxyribonucleotides -- metabolism KW - CHO Cells KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Cricetinae KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- toxicity KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- analogs & derivatives KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - Benzopyrenes -- toxicity KW - DNA Adducts -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79336173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+DNA+adducts+in+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cells+treated+with+mutagenic+doses+of+1-+and+3-nitrosobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+and+the+trans-7%2C8-diol-anti-9%2C10-epoxides+of+1-+and+3-nitrobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene.&rft.au=Zhan%2C+D+J%3BChiu%2C+L+H%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+L+S%3BHerreno-Saenz%2C+D%3BCheng%2C+E%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Zhan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-09-05&rft.volume=379&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-28 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure-response analysis of risk of respiratory disease associated with occupational exposure to chrysotile asbestos. AN - 79497609; 9423577 AB - To evaluate alternative models and estimate risk of mortality from lung cancer and asbestosis after occupational exposure to chrysotile asbestos. Data were used from a recent update of a cohort mortality study of workers in a South Carolina textile factory. Alternative exposure-response models were evaluated with Poisson regression. A model designed to evaluate evidence of a threshold response was also fitted. Lifetime risks of lung cancer and asbestosis were estimated with an actuarial approach that accounts for competing causes of death. A highly significant exposure-response relation was found for both lung cancer and asbestosis. The exposure-response relation for lung cancer seemed to be linear on a multiplicative scale, which is consistent with previous analyses of lung cancer and exposure to asbestos. In contrast, the exposure-response relation for asbestosis seemed to be nonlinear on a multiplicative scale in this analysis. There was no significant evidence for a threshold in models of either the lung cancer or asbestosis. The excess lifetime risk for white men exposed for 45 years at the recently revised OSHA standard of 0.1 fibre/ml was predicted to be about 5/1000 for lung cancer, and 2/1000 for asbestosis. This study confirms the findings from previous investigations of a strong exposure-response relation between exposure to chrysotile asbestos and mortality from lung cancer, and asbestosis. The risk estimates for lung cancer derived from this analysis are higher than those derived from other populations exposed to chrysotile asbestos. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Stayner, L AU - Smith, R AU - Bailer, J AU - Gilbert, S AU - Steenland, K AU - Dement, J AU - Brown, D AU - Lemen, R AD - Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 646 EP - 652 VL - 54 IS - 9 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - Asbestos, Serpentine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Biological KW - Male KW - Female KW - South Carolina -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Respiratory Tract Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Pneumoconiosis -- mortality KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Asbestos, Serpentine -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79497609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Exposure-response+analysis+of+risk+of+respiratory+disease+associated+with+occupational+exposure+to+chrysotile+asbestos.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L%3BSmith%2C+R%3BBailer%2C+J%3BGilbert%2C+S%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BDement%2C+J%3BBrown%2C+D%3BLemen%2C+R&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=646&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Feb;121(2):309-23 [3839345] Br J Ind Med. 1985 Jan;42(1):12-8 [3965010] Am J Ind Med. 1988;14(2):205-9 [2849869] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Mar;46(3):180-7 [2539184] Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):294-301 [2153315] J Occup Med. 1990 Nov;32(11):1091-8 [2258764] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Oct 1;136(7):855-62 [1442751] Am J Ind Med. 1992;22(4):469-80 [1442782] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1992 Dec;18(6):351-60 [1485160] Ann Occup Hyg. 1994 Aug;38(4):453-8, 408 [7978966] Am J Ind Med. 1994 Oct;26(4):431-47 [7810543] Stat Med. 1995 Oct 15;14(19):2119-29 [8552891] Am J Public Health. 1996 Feb;86(2):179-86 [8633733] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1979;330:473-90 [294198] Br J Ind Med. 1980 Feb;37(1):11-24 [7370189] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Nov;67(5):965-75 [6946253] Am J Ind Med. 1983;4(3):399-419 [6846338] Am J Ind Med. 1983;4(3):421-33 [6846339] Br J Ind Med. 1986 Aug;43(8):556-8 [3730306] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing the potential of sodium fluoride to affect spermatogenesis in the rat. AN - 79481042; 9409628 AB - The potential of sodium fluoride (NaF) to affect spermatogenesis and endocrine function was assessed in P and F1 generation male rats. Male and female experimental rats received sodium fluoride in their drinking water at one of four concentrations (25, 100, 175, 250 ppm). P generation male and female rats were exposed to sodium fluoride in their drinking water for 10 wk and then males were mated to females within the same treatment groups. Reproductive tissues were collected from P generation male rats after approximately 14 wk of treatment. Pregnant females (P) were exposed to sodium fluoride via their drinking water through gestation and lactation. F1 generation weanling male rats remained within the same treatment groups as their parents. F1 generation male rats were exposed to sodium fluoride in their drinking water for 14 wk, at which time reproductive tissues were collected. Dose-related effects were not observed within the P and F1 treatment groups in testis weights, prostate/seminal vesicle weights, non-reproductive organ weights, testicular spermatid counts, sperm production per gram of testis per day, sperm production per gram of testis, LH, FSH or serum testosterone concentrations. Histological changes were not observed in testicular tissues from either the P or F1 generation. We conclude that prolonged exposure to sodium fluoride in drinking water at the doses administered in this study does not adversely affect spermatogenesis or endocrine function in the P and F1 generation male rats. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Sprando, R L AU - Collins, T F AU - Black, T N AU - Rorie, J AU - Ames, M J AU - O'Donnell, M AD - Division of Toxicological Research, Center for Food Safety Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 881 EP - 890 VL - 35 IS - 9 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Sodium Fluoride KW - 8ZYQ1474W7 KW - Luteinizing Hormone KW - 9002-67-9 KW - Follicle Stimulating Hormone KW - 9002-68-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Genitalia, Male -- drug effects KW - Follicle Stimulating Hormone -- blood KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Genitalia, Male -- pathology KW - Testosterone -- blood KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Luteinizing Hormone -- blood KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Spermatogenesis -- drug effects KW - Sodium Fluoride -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79481042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Testing+the+potential+of+sodium+fluoride+to+affect+spermatogenesis+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Sprando%2C+R+L%3BCollins%2C+T+F%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BRorie%2C+J%3BAmes%2C+M+J%3BO%27Donnell%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sprando&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=881&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-08 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity of azo dyes used in foods, drugs and cosmetics before and after reduction by Clostridium species from the human intestinal tract. AN - 79478264; 9409630 AB - Various azo dyes currently approved by the US FDA for use in foods, drugs and cosmetics are reduced by anaerobic bacteria from the human intestinal tract. These bacteria with azoreductase activities include several Clostridium species. Seven of these azo dyes and their reduction products following incubation with a Clostridium sp. were evaluated for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. No mutagenicity was induced in either TA98 or TA100 by any of the seven azo dyes or the reduced metabolites when tested at concentrations as high as 200 microg/plate, with or without exogenous metabolic activation by rat liver fraction S-9. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Rafii, F AU - Hall, J D AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 897 EP - 901 VL - 35 IS - 9 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Azo Compounds KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Clostridium -- metabolism KW - Azo Compounds -- metabolism KW - Coloring Agents -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Azo Compounds -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Coloring Agents -- metabolism KW - Intestines -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79478264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+of+azo+dyes+used+in+foods%2C+drugs+and+cosmetics+before+and+after+reduction+by+Clostridium+species+from+the+human+intestinal+tract.&rft.au=Rafii%2C+F%3BHall%2C+J+D%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Rafii&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-08 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Augmentation of pulmonary reactions to quartz inhalation by trace amounts of iron-containing particles. AN - 79459198; 9400745 AB - Fracturing quartz produces silica-based radicals on the fracture planes and generates hydroxyl radicals (.OH) in aqueous media. .OH production has been shown to be directly associated with quartz-induced cell damage and phagocyte activation in vitro. This .OH production in vitro is inhibited by desferrioxamine mesylate, an Fe chelator, indicating involvement of a Fenton-like reaction. Our objective was to determine if Fe contamination increased the ability of inhaled quartz to cause inflammation and lung injury. Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed 5 hr/day for 10 days to filtered air, 20 mg/m3 freshly milled quartz (57 ppm Fe), or 20 mg/m3 freshly milled quartz contaminated with Fe (430 ppm Fe). High Fe contamination of quartz produced approximately 57% more reactive species in water than quartz with low Fe contamination. Compared to inhalation of quartz with low Fe contamination, high Fe contamination of quartz resulted in increases in the following responses: leukocyte recruitment (537%), lavageable red blood cells (157%), macrophage production of oxygen radicals measured by electron spin resonance or chemiluminescence (32 or 90%, respectively), nitric oxide production by macrophages (71%), and lipid peroxidation of lung tissue (38%). These results suggest that inhalation of freshly fractured quartz contaminated with trace levels of Fe may be more pathogenic than inhalation of quartz alone. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Castranova, V AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Ramsey, D M AU - McLaurin, J L AU - Pack, D AU - Leonard, S AU - Barger, M W AU - Ma, J Y AU - Dalal, N S AU - Teass, A AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. vic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1319 EP - 1324 VL - 105 Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Free Radicals KW - 0 KW - Mineral Fibers KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Quartz KW - 14808-60-7 KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Erythrocytes -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Free Radicals -- chemistry KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Male KW - Mineral Fibers -- analysis KW - Mineral Fibers -- toxicity KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Quartz -- analysis KW - Iron -- toxicity KW - Quartz -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79459198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Augmentation+of+pulmonary+reactions+to+quartz+inhalation+by+trace+amounts+of+iron-containing+particles.&rft.au=Castranova%2C+V%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BRamsey%2C+D+M%3BMcLaurin%2C+J+L%3BPack%2C+D%3BLeonard%2C+S%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BMa%2C+J+Y%3BDalal%2C+N+S%3BTeass%2C+A&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=105+Suppl+5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lab Invest. 1982 Jul;47(1):5-18 [6283263] Environ Res. 1981 Dec;26(2):503-20 [6274633] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Nov;138(5):1213-9 [2849348] Lancet. 1990 Oct 20;336(8721):967-9 [1977006] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1992 Apr;6(4):404-13 [1312851] Am J Physiol. 1992 Nov;263(5 Pt 1):L511-8 [1332500] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Nov 15;299(1):154-62 [1332613] Occup Med. 1993 Jan-Mar;8(1):35-56 [8384379] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1993 Apr;302(1):294-9 [8385901] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1993 Apr;8(4):403-7 [8386535] Am J Physiol. 1994 Dec;267(6 Pt 1):L686-92 [7810673] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1995 Feb;12(2):220-6 [7865220] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Sep;152(3):1003-9 [7663775] J Biol Chem. 1963 Feb;238:828-35 [13955764] Anal Chem. 1968 Jul;40(8):1256-63 [5743279] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1976 May;113(5):643-65 [178257] Chest. 1986 Feb;89(2):161-2 [3943372] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral effects of low-dose gestational day 11-13 retinoic acid exposure. AN - 79387053; 9380002 AB - In a comparison article we report that maternal PO exposure to 2.5 mg/kg all-trans retinoic acid (RA) daily for 3 consecutive days over gestational days (GD) 11-13 produces a 10% reduction in weight of cerebellum at 4 weeks of age, not accompanied by other malformations. Here we report the results of a preliminary behavioral analysis of offspring exposed gestationally to RA as above. Exposed dams were allowed to deliver normally, and litters were culled to eight pups (4 +/- 1 of each sex) at birth. Both male and female offspring were tested prior to weaning on GD 21. Thereafter females were killed on postnatal day (PND) 28 for verification of RA effects on regional brain weight, and all subsequent behavioral testing was conducted on males. Preweaning tests were restricted to negative geotaxis (PND 8-9) and open field activity (PND 22). Postweaning tests included open field activity (PND 43), auditory startle response (three times, on PNDs 22, 43, and 84), 2-week activity in residential running wheels (PNDs 62-76), complex maze performance for 5 consecutive days (PND 83-87), emergence latency (PND 106), and assessment of the behavioral response to an amphetamine challenge (PND 107). Males were then killed on PND 108 for verification of RA effects on regional brain weights. In this study, RA reduced weight of cerebellum but not striatum. Cerebellar weight was 92% of control values in PND 28 females, and this weight difference had diminished to 95% of control weight by PND 108 in males. There were no treatment effects on negative geotaxis, activity in a small open field, auditory startle amplitude, or latency to enter an illuminated alley from a dark chamber. Maze learning occurred at levels equal to or slightly better than controls. Running wheel activity was enhanced by RA exposure, whereas activity in response to an amphetamine challenge was reduced by such exposure. We conclude that RA doses low enough to produce mild weight reductions in cerebellum, without attendant malformations, can alter behavior. The precise nature of these alterations remains to be elucidated, but the findings reported here suggest that effects may be more pronounced on activity than on learning. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Holson, R R AU - Gazzara, R A AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Adams, J AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 355 EP - 362 VL - 19 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Tretinoin KW - 5688UTC01R KW - Index Medicus KW - Vocalization, Animal -- drug effects KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Maze Learning -- drug effects KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Gestational Age KW - Avoidance Learning -- drug effects KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Postural Balance -- drug effects KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Brain -- growth & development KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Tretinoin -- toxicity KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79387053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Behavioral+effects+of+low-dose+gestational+day+11-13+retinoic+acid+exposure.&rft.au=Holson%2C+R+R%3BGazzara%2C+R+A%3BFerguson%2C+S+A%3BAdams%2C+J&rft.aulast=Holson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gestational retinoic acid exposure: a sensitive period for effects on neonatal mortality and cerebellar development. AN - 79386409; 9380000 AB - This is the first in a series of studies investigating the developmental stage-specific neurobehavioral effects of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) exposure. Because high doses of this compound are known to be lethal to the developing organism, we first conducted a dose-response study to identify RA doses that produce low enough levels of gestational/postnatal mortality to make a behavioral analysis possible in survivors. Secondarily, at doses found to produce sufficient survivors on PND 28, effects on body and regional brain weights were examined. Finally, at these doses, effects on somatic malformations were evaluated. Four separate exposure periods were analyzed: gestational days (GD) 8 through 10, 11 through 13, 14 through 16, or postnatal days (PND) 3 through 5. In the postnatal exposure period rat pups were injected (s.c.) with three consecutive daily doses of 0, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg RA on PND 3 through 5. This postnatal exposure had no detectable effect on survival, body or brain weight. In contrast, there was a marked sensitivity to RA in the GD 11-13 group. Many pups from dams given 10 mg/kg RA PO on GD 11-13 were found dead in the cage on the day of birth, and all surviving pups died within 4 days of birth. Examination of milkbands revealed no evidence of effective suckling in these short-term survivors. The same 10 mg/kg dose at GD 8-10 or GD 14-16 produced much lower mortality and pups appeared to suckle normally. To produce adequate PND 28 survival in the GD 11-13 group, it was necessary to reduce dosage to 2.5 mg/kg daily. Even this lower exposure produced effects on PND 28 body and brain weight, significantly lowering weights of body (84% of control), whole brain (94%), and cerebellum (90%). Cerebellar weight was also depressed as percent of whole brain weight, suggesting an effect focused specifically on this region. RA at 10 or 12.5 mg/kg over GD 14-16 also reduced cerebellar weight (92% and 91% of control, respectively). Thus, exposure on GD 14-16 had effects similar to those seen at GD 11-13, but only at considerably higher doses. In contrast, exposure to RA on GD 8-10 did not affect whole body or brain weight, and of eight brain regions examined, only brain stem weight was reduced (91% of control). The GD 8-10 exposure also differed substantially from later exposures in that it was the only treatment to produce substantial malformations, including exencephaly, eye and skeletal defects. We conclude that gestational exposure to RA produces lethality and regional brain stunting that is dose and developmental stage specific, with a pronounced sensitive period on GD 11-13. In contrast, the GD 8-10 period is most sensitive for production of malformations, albeit at somewhat higher doses. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Holson, R R AU - Gazzara, R A AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Ali, S F AU - Laborde, J B AU - Adams, J AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 335 EP - 346 VL - 19 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Tretinoin KW - 5688UTC01R KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- pathology KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Gestational Age KW - Birth Weight -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Cerebellum -- growth & development KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Tretinoin -- toxicity KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79386409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Gestational+retinoic+acid+exposure%3A+a+sensitive+period+for+effects+on+neonatal+mortality+and+cerebellar+development.&rft.au=Holson%2C+R+R%3BGazzara%2C+R+A%3BFerguson%2C+S+A%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BLaborde%2C+J+B%3BAdams%2C+J&rft.aulast=Holson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A behavioral and neuroanatomical investigation of the lethality caused by gestational day 11-13 retinoic acid exposure. AN - 79386186; 9380001 AB - In a companion article, we report that there is a sensitive period for all-trans retinoic acid (RA) lethality on gestational days (GD) 11-13. When dams were given 10 mg/kg RA daily for 3 consecutive days on GD 11-13, a number of pups were found dead in the home cage on the day of birth, and the remainder inevitably died due to an apparent inability to nurse. Here we report a set of experiments further investigating these effects. Dams were exposed PO to 10 mg/kg RA or oil vehicle on GD 11-13. Fetuses were removed by Cesarean section on the afternoon of GD 21, culled, and fostered to non-treated dams that had given normal vaginal delivery a day earlier. Maternal behavior was observed for the first 6 h after fostering. The next morning all surviving pups were given a brief behavioral evaluation, including the ability to attach to the nipple of anesthetized foster dams. At the time of C-section, culls were killed and brains were quickly removed and placed in fixative. A series of paraffin-embedded, cresyl-violet-stained serial sections of a representative brain stem from each litter was prepared. RA exposure did not increase fetal mortality. Treated litters were as large as controls, and virtually all treated fetuses were alive in utero. However, unlike controls, some treated fetuses appeared to have difficulty in initiating spontaneous breathing when delivered by C-section, and considerable physical stimulation was required before normal breathing began. As in the previous report, RA-exposed pups did not have milk in their stomachs after 18 h on the foster dam; further, they did not attach to the maternal nipple, and they had greater difficulty than controls in maintaining an upright posture. Examination of serial sections of the medulla indicated that the hypoglossal nucleus appeared grossly normal in the RA-exposed pups. In contrast, the inferior olive and the area postrema were affected by RA exposure. Both nuclei were normally located, but exhibited reduced cell density and/or intensity of staining. In the inferior olive the dorsal and principal nuclei were primarily affected, to the degree that about one quarter of treated brains had no identifiable principal nucleus. We conclude that RA exposure on GD 11-13 causes abnormal development of cell-dense regions of the medial medulla, and these abnormalities may account for the difficulty these animals experience in beginning spontaneous breathing and in nursing. These breathing and nursing problems in turn almost certainly account for the high mortality seen during natural birth and for the subsequent failure to thrive, respectively. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Holson, R R AU - Gazzara, R A AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Adams, J AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 347 EP - 353 VL - 19 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Tretinoin KW - 5688UTC01R KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Fetal Viability -- physiology KW - Brain -- abnormalities KW - Animals KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Fetal Viability -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Pregnancy KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Brain Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Tretinoin -- toxicity KW - Brain Diseases -- pathology KW - Brain Stem -- pathology KW - Brain Stem -- abnormalities KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79386186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=A+behavioral+and+neuroanatomical+investigation+of+the+lethality+caused+by+gestational+day+11-13+retinoic+acid+exposure.&rft.au=Holson%2C+R+R%3BGazzara%2C+R+A%3BFerguson%2C+S+A%3BAdams%2C+J&rft.aulast=Holson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential follicle counts as a screen for chemically induced ovarian toxicity in mice: results from continuous breeding bioassays. AN - 79324245; 9325022 AB - Ovaries from National Toxicology Program Reproductive Assessment by Continuous Breeding (RACB) bioassays were used to directly compare differential ovarian follicle counts and reproductive performance for 15 chemicals. Ovaries of 10 animals per group from 16 studies in CD-1 mice and 1 study each in C3H and C57BL/6 mice were sectioned serially at 6 microm. Counts of small, growing, and antral follicles were obtained in every 10th section. For all follicle types, younger mice had more follicles than older mice, and CD-1 mice had more follicles than age-matched animals from either inbred strain. The in-life portion of the RACB protocols demonstrated that 9 of 15 chemicals altered reproductive outcome in one or both sexes of mice, with six agents affecting females (R. E. Morrissey et al., 1989, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 13, 747-777). Three of six female toxicants [2,2-bis(bromoethyl)-1,3-propanediol, BPD; ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, EGME; methoxyacetic acid, MAA] significantly decreased counts of small and/or growing follicles by 33 to 92% in CD-1 mice; EGME also reduced follicle counts in the other strains. Follicle counts were decreased in progeny of animals treated with EGME or its active metabolite, MAA. For BPD, reductions in follicle numbers were proportional to dose. In CD-1 mice, female toxicants di-N-hexyl phthalate, propantheline bromide, and tricresyl phosphate reduced reproductive performance but not follicle numbers. Counts were not affected by toxicants for which the susceptible sex could not be determined (bisphenol A, ethylene glycol, oxalic acid). Altered follicle counts without apparent reproductive impairment occurred in CD-1 mice at lower doses of BPD but were not observed for nontoxic chemicals. These data suggest that differential follicle counts (1) are a quantifiable endpoint of ovarian injury in conventional bioassays, and (2) in some instances, may provide a more sensitive indicator of female reproductive toxicity than fertility. Copyright 1997 Society of Toxicology. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Bolon, B AU - Bucci, T J AU - Warbritton, A R AU - Chen, J J AU - Mattison, D R AU - Heindel, J J AD - Pathology Associates International (an SAIC Company), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Xenobiotics KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Age Factors KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Fertility -- drug effects KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Ovary -- pathology KW - Ovary -- drug effects KW - Ovarian Follicle -- pathology KW - Toxicity Tests -- methods KW - Xenobiotics -- toxicity KW - Ovarian Follicle -- drug effects KW - Ovarian Follicle -- cytology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79324245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Differential+follicle+counts+as+a+screen+for+chemically+induced+ovarian+toxicity+in+mice%3A+results+from+continuous+breeding+bioassays.&rft.au=Bolon%2C+B%3BBucci%2C+T+J%3BWarbritton%2C+A+R%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BMattison%2C+D+R%3BHeindel%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Bolon&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Motor vehicle fatalities in the United States construction industry. AN - 79322680; 9316709 AB - A death certificate-based surveillance system was used to identify 2144 work-related motor vehicle fatalities among civilian workers in the United States construction industry over the years 1980-92. Construction workers were twice as likely to be killed by a motor vehicle as the average worker, with an annual crude mortality rate of 2.3/100,000 workers. Injury prevention efforts in construction have had limited effect on motor vehicle-related deaths, with death rates falling by only 11% during the 13-year period, compared with 43% for falls, 54% for electrocutions and 48% for machinery. In all industries combined, motor vehicle fatality rates dropped by 47%. The largest proportion of motor vehicle deaths (40%) occurred among pedestrians, with construction accounting for more than one-fourth of all pedestrian deaths. A minimum of 54 (6%) of these pedestrian fatalities were flaggers or surveyors. Flaggers accounted for half the 34 pedestrian fatalities among women, compared with only 3% among men. Along with previous studies and recent trends in the amount and type of road construction, these results underscore the need for better traffic control management in construction work areas to reduce pedestrian fatalities. As the second leading cause of traumatic death in construction, with an annual average share of 15% of the total deaths, exceeded only by falls, prevention of work-related motor vehicle research should become a greater priority in the construction industry. JF - Accident; analysis and prevention AU - Ore, T AU - Fosbroke, D E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 613 EP - 626 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0001-4575, 0001-4575 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Job Description KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Traffic -- mortality KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Construction Materials KW - Accidents, Traffic -- prevention & control KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79322680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Accident%3B+analysis+and+prevention&rft.atitle=Motor+vehicle+fatalities+in+the+United+States+construction+industry.&rft.au=Ore%2C+T%3BFosbroke%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Ore&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Accident%3B+analysis+and+prevention&rft.issn=00014575&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-20 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk differences in fatal occupational injuries among construction laborers in the United States, 1980-1992. AN - 79319905; 9322166 AB - Over 3700 occupational fatalities among all US construction laborers 16 years of age and older during 1980-1992 were analyzed from death certificates to identify differences in mortality rates, higher risk groups, and leading causes of death to be targeted for prevention and monitored over time. Female laborers had an average fatality rate (17.4 deaths/100,000 workers) similar to that for all male construction workers (17.3 deaths/100,000 workers), and ten times higher than for all female construction workers. On average, nonwhite laborers had 27% greater mortality than white laborers. Women were at a higher risk (10.8 deaths/100,000 workers) for motor vehicle injury than were men (6.1 deaths/100,000 workers). The smallest percentage annual decline in cause-specific mortality rates was from motor vehicle for construction laborers (0.1%) and all construction workers (1.4%). Environmental-related fatality rates for laborers rose an average of 0.8% annually. The average years of potential life lost (to age 65) ranged from 27.4 years from explosion to 34.3 years from electrocution. Prevention measures aimed at addressing the highest risk areas, along with research needs, are discussed. With over a quarter of construction fatalities occurring among laborers, occupational injury research on laborers should become a priority. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Ore, T AU - Stout, N A AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown WVa, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 832 EP - 843 VL - 39 IS - 9 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Aged KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Cause of Death KW - Age Distribution KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupations KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79319905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Risk+differences+in+fatal+occupational+injuries+among+construction+laborers+in+the+United+States%2C+1980-1992.&rft.au=Ore%2C+T%3BStout%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Ore&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=832&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of pirlimycin residue in milk by liquid chromatographic analysis of the 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate derivative. AN - 79316462; 9325575 AB - A procedure to determine pirlimycin residues in bovine milk was developed. Pirlimycin was extracted from milk after protein precipitation and 2 stages of liquid-liquid partitioning. The extract was evaporated to dryness, redissolved in dilute base, and derivatized with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc) to impart a chromophore for ultraviolet (UV) detection. The derivatized extract was analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC). Pirlimycin concentration was calculated from the peak height of the extract by using a linear regression standard curve prepared from a series of derivatized standards. The procedure's performance in the range of the regulatory tolerance (0.4 ppm) was validated by replicate analysis of control, fortified control, and residue-incurred bovine milk. Average recoveries at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 ppm were 91, 88, and 87%, respectively, and coefficients of variation were 5, 4, and 1%, respectively. Overall recovery for all samples was 89%, with 4% coefficient of variation. Linear regression analysis of LC/UV results versus results from a previously published LC/mass spectrometric assay gave a slope of 0.95, with a correlation coefficient of 0.98. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Heller, D N AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 975 EP - 981 VL - 80 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Fluorenes KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Clindamycin KW - 3U02EL437C KW - 1-(9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate KW - 9PLB0BTT90 KW - pirlimycin KW - LM19JT6G5K KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Linear Models KW - Drug Residues KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Clindamycin -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Clindamycin -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79316462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+pirlimycin+residue+in+milk+by+liquid+chromatographic+analysis+of+the+9-fluorenylmethyl+chloroformate+derivative.&rft.au=Heller%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-02 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative study of colorimetric and fully automated enzyme-linked immunoassay system for rapid screening of Listeria spp. in foods. AN - 79315433; 9325587 AB - Two enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) systems for rapid screening of Listeria spp. were compared for their use in analysis of spiked foods regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The Tecra Listeria kit is a 48 h visual ELISA that detects Listeria spp. through colorimetry. It has been approved for first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. The Vitek immunodiagnostic assay system for Listeria (VIDAS LIS) is a fully automated 48 h ELISA that detects Listeria spp. by immunofluorescence. Fifty-two food samples were artificially contaminated with high (11-42 colony-forming units [cfu]/25 g food) and low (2-8 cfu/25 g food) levels of L. monocytogenes and screened by the 2 protocols. Unspiked samples were also assayed as negative controls. Six unspiked samples were found positive for Listeria spp. by both methods: 3 were identified as L. monocytogenes and 3 as L. innocua by official methods. Both ELISA methods detected all spiked samples. One unspiked sample was assayed positive by Tecra and negative by VIDAS LIS. No Listeria spp. were recovered when the sample was tested by the conventional method. No interference due to background fluorescence of food matrixes was observed in the VIDAS LIS method. Results suggest a modified VIDAS LIS preenrichment medium may be used in place of the VIDAS standard medium in the protocol. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Kerdahi, K F AU - Istafanos, P F AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Brooklyn, New York 11232, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 1139 EP - 1142 VL - 80 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Autoanalysis KW - Time Factors KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Food Microbiology KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Colorimetry KW - Listeria -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79315433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Comparative+study+of+colorimetric+and+fully+automated+enzyme-linked+immunoassay+system+for+rapid+screening+of+Listeria+spp.+in+foods.&rft.au=Kerdahi%2C+K+F%3BIstafanos%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Kerdahi&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-02 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of sampling on the reproducibility of ovarian follicle counts in mouse toxicity studies. AN - 79314204; 9311577 AB - Different ovarian follicle counting procedures were investigated to reduce labor while retaining statistical power. Intact ovaries of untreated CD-1 mice (20/group) from National Toxicology Program Reproductive Assessment by Continuous Breeding (RACB) studies were serially sectioned at 6 microm. Mean numbers of small and growing follicles were used to assess sampling efficiency. In 10 mice per group, comparisons were made between 10% nonrandom samples from every 10th section starting at either the first or sixth section having follicles (approximately 40 sections per ovary). These 10% counts were compared with 5% (20 sections) and 20% (80 sections) nonrandom samples and with 1% (4 sections), 5%, or 10% random samples from the same 10 animals. For two studies, a 10% nonrandom sample was analyzed from 20 mice per group. Follicle counts for each group were comparable regardless of the sampling paradigm. Four to 10 animals provided 90% confidence that a 20% difference in mean counts would be detected. The 1% sample had a larger error term and, thus, slightly reduced statistical power. These data suggest that follicle counts from 1% or 5% random samples may provide a suitable screen for ovarian toxicity. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Bucci, T J AU - Bolon, B AU - Warbritton, A R AU - Chen, J J AU - Heindel, J J AD - Pathology Associates International (an SAIC Company), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 689 EP - 696 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Index Medicus KW - Histological Techniques KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred ICR KW - Random Allocation KW - Cell Count -- methods KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Research Design KW - Ovarian Follicle -- cytology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79314204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Influence+of+sampling+on+the+reproducibility+of+ovarian+follicle+counts+in+mouse+toxicity+studies.&rft.au=Bucci%2C+T+J%3BBolon%2C+B%3BWarbritton%2C+A+R%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BHeindel%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Bucci&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A descriptive analysis of nonfatal occupational injuries to older workers, using a national probability sample of hospital emergency departments. AN - 79313446; 9322169 AB - An estimated 136,985 nonfatal, work-related injuries to workers 55 years of age and older were presented for treatment in hospital emergency departments across the United States during 1993. Men accounted for 63.7% of the injuries and had an injury rate of 1.06 per 100 workers, compared with a rate of 0.76 among women. Among the oldest workers (65+ years), injuries were more likely to be fractures or dislocations, to result from falls on the same level, or to involve hospitalization. The services industry had the largest number of injuries (31.9%), whereas the highest injury rate occurred in the agriculture/forestry/fishing industry (1.50 per 100 workers). The types of injuries most frequently requiring hospitalization were fractures or dislocations that resulted from a fall. Because older workers' employment demographics and injury patterns differ from the remainder of the labor force, interventions need to be developed which are specific to the workplace for this older working population. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Layne, L A AU - Landen, D D AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WVa 26505, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 855 EP - 865 VL - 39 IS - 9 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Medical Records Systems, Computerized KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Population Surveillance -- methods KW - Age Distribution KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Accidental Falls -- statistics & numerical data KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Forestry KW - Industry KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79313446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=A+descriptive+analysis+of+nonfatal+occupational+injuries+to+older+workers%2C+using+a+national+probability+sample+of+hospital+emergency+departments.&rft.au=Layne%2C+L+A%3BLanden%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Layne&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=855&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Upper gastrointestinal obstruction associated with Claritin-D 24 Hour Extended Release tablets. AN - 79310572; 9314359 JF - The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology AU - Farinas, E AU - Honig, P AD - Division of Pharmacovigilance, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 427 EP - 428 VL - 100 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - Delayed-Action Preparations KW - 0 KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists KW - Loratadine KW - 7AJO3BO7QN KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Esophageal Stenosis -- complications KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Female KW - Loratadine -- adverse effects KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Intestinal Obstruction -- diagnosis KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists -- adverse effects KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Loratadine -- administration & dosage KW - Intestinal Obstruction -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79310572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.atitle=Upper+gastrointestinal+obstruction+associated+with+Claritin-D+24+Hour+Extended+Release+tablets.&rft.au=Farinas%2C+E%3BHonig%2C+P&rft.aulast=Farinas&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-22 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of taurine based compounds as hydroxyl radical scavengers in silica induced peroxidation. AN - 79298538; 9303176 AB - While it is widely believed that taurine may play an important role in protecting cells against toxic injury by functioning as an antioxidant, there is a lack of evidence to support this hypothesis. In this study, electron spin resonance (ESR) was used to investigate the reaction of taurine and hypotaurine with hydroxyl radicals (.OH). The Fenton reaction (Fe(II) + H2O2-->Fe(III) + .OH + OH-) and the Cr(V)-mediated Fenton-like reaction (Cr(V) + H2O2-->Cr(VI) + .OH + OH-) were used as sources of .OH radicals. The results show that hypotaurine but not taurine effectively scavenges .OH radicals with a reaction rate constant of k = 1.6 x 10(10) M-1s-1. That is comparable with other efficient .OH radical scavengers. The effect of taurine and hypotaurine on silica-induced lipid peroxidation was evaluated using linoleic acid as a model lipid. Hypotaurine, but not taurine, caused a significant inhibition of silica-induced lipid peroxidation. The results show that hypotaurine is an excellent antioxidant and appears to have the potential for being a therapeutic agent against silica-induced lung injury. JF - Annals of clinical and laboratory science AU - Shi, X AU - Flynn, D C AU - Porter, D W AU - Leonard, S S AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Castranova, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 365 EP - 374 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0091-7370, 0091-7370 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - Fenton's reagent KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Free Radicals KW - Spin Labels KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - alpha-Linolenic Acid KW - 0RBV727H71 KW - Taurine KW - 1EQV5MLY3D KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - hypotaurine KW - 5L08GE4332 KW - 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide KW - 7170JZ1QF3 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - alpha-Linolenic Acid -- metabolism KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- metabolism KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Cyclic N-Oxides -- metabolism KW - Chromium -- metabolism KW - Antioxidants -- chemistry KW - Free Radicals -- metabolism KW - Iron -- metabolism KW - Silicon Dioxide -- pharmacology KW - Taurine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Taurine -- metabolism KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Taurine -- pharmacology KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79298538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+clinical+and+laboratory+science&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+taurine+based+compounds+as+hydroxyl+radical+scavengers+in+silica+induced+peroxidation.&rft.au=Shi%2C+X%3BFlynn%2C+D+C%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+clinical+and+laboratory+science&rft.issn=00917370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1998-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the structural changes induced by doxorubicin and mitoxantrone in the heart, kidney and intestine and characterization of the Fe(III)-mitoxantrone complex. AN - 79286719; 9299365 AB - Histologic, nick end labeling for apoptosis and electron microscopic studies were made of the heart, kidney and small intestine in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated for 12 weeks with doxorubicin (1 mg/kg/week), mitoxantrone (0.5 or 0.25 mg/kg/week) or saline (controls). Semiquantitative scoring showed that the severity of the cardiac lesions produced by doxorubicin was comparable to that resulting from 0.5 mg/kg mitoxantrone, but greater than that induced by 0.25 mg/kg mitoxantrone (to which it is therapeutically equivalent). The nephropathy and the intestinal toxicity produced by doxorubicin were also more severe than those resulting from either dose of mitoxantrone. Apoptosis of cardiac myocytes was not induced by either drug, but involved cardiac dendritic cells in SHR given doxorubicin. Apoptosis in renal tubular epithelium was comparable in SHR given doxorubicin and the higher dose of mitoxantrone. Doxorubicin induced more frequent apoptosis in intestinal epithelium than did the higher dose of mitoxantrone. We also show that mitoxantrone and iron(III) form a strong 2:1 complex, in which the drug may be acting as a tridentate ligand. This complex, like the iron(III)-doxorubicin complex, may be capable of redox cycling and producing reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) that damage tissue. Decreased formation of ROI by mitoxantrone may account for its reduced cardiotoxicity compared to that of doxorubicin. Copyright 1997 Academic Press Limited. JF - Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology AU - Herman, E H AU - Zhang, J AU - Hasinoff, B B AU - Clark, J R AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 2415 EP - 2430 VL - 29 IS - 9 SN - 0022-2828, 0022-2828 KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Mitoxantrone KW - BZ114NVM5P KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- metabolism KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Models, Molecular KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- metabolism KW - Myocardium -- ultrastructure KW - Blood -- drug effects KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- toxicity KW - Iron -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Heart Rate -- drug effects KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- pharmacology KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- toxicity KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Mitoxantrone -- metabolism KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Mitoxantrone -- pharmacology KW - Doxorubicin -- toxicity KW - Doxorubicin -- metabolism KW - Doxorubicin -- pharmacology KW - Mitoxantrone -- toxicity KW - Intestine, Small -- drug effects KW - Intestine, Small -- ultrastructure KW - Kidney -- ultrastructure KW - Intestine, Small -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79286719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+molecular+and+cellular+cardiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+structural+changes+induced+by+doxorubicin+and+mitoxantrone+in+the+heart%2C+kidney+and+intestine+and+characterization+of+the+Fe%28III%29-mitoxantrone+complex.&rft.au=Herman%2C+E+H%3BZhang%2C+J%3BHasinoff%2C+B+B%3BClark%2C+J+R%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+molecular+and+cellular+cardiology&rft.issn=00222828&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Altered Ca2+ mobilization during excitation-contraction in cultured cardiac myocytes exposed to antimony. AN - 79284159; 9299602 AB - Industrial exposure and pharmaceutical use of antimony compounds have been linked to altered cardiovascular function and pathology. Antimony compounds induce hypotension, bradycardia, and cardiac arrhythmias, all of which can arise from aberrations in myocyte regulation of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). To determine if trivalent antimony affects [Ca2+]i during excitation-contraction, we developed an in vitro cardiac myocyte model that was exposed for 24 hr to potassium antimonyl tartrate (PAT) at 0-10 microM. Control myocytes received sodium potassium tartrate. Concentrations of up to 10 microM PAT were without effect on total DNA and protein content of cultures, indicating that PAT exposures were not overtly toxic. However, spontaneous beating rates of myocytes were significantly reduced by 5 and 10 microM PAT. Myocytes were paced by electric field stimulation at 0.5 Hz, and the effect of PAT on [Ca2+]i transients during excitation-contraction was monitored with fura-2. PAT (2-8 microM) significantly reduced systolic [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent fashion, but was without effect on diastolic [Ca2+]i or on the first derivative of the transient rise (d[Ca2+]i/dt). Myocytes from control cells responded to epinephrine (10(-8)-10(-5) m) in concentration-dependent fashion with elevated systolic [Ca2+]i and an increase in the rate of decay of transients. In PAT-exposed myocytes, the systolic response was blunted while the decay rate was enhanced. PAT-exposed cells also exhibited a reduced basal [Ca2+]i when depolarized by 90 mm KCl and a reduced caffeine-releasable Ca2+ pool of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Both control and PAT-treated cells responded to ryanodine in a comparable fashion. Results indicate that a nonlethal exposure to PAT reduces Ca2+ availability during excitation-contraction. Decreased influx of Ca2+ across the sarcolemma and enhanced removal of Ca2+ appear to be responsible. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Toraason, M AU - Wey, H E AU - Richards, D E AU - Mathias, P I AU - Krieg, E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 104 EP - 115 VL - 146 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Calcium Channels KW - 0 KW - Calcium Channels, L-Type KW - Potassium Chloride KW - 660YQ98I10 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Antimony KW - 9IT35J3UV3 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Epinephrine KW - YKH834O4BH KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Calcium Channels -- physiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Potassium Chloride -- pharmacology KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Sarcoplasmic Reticulum -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Sarcoplasmic Reticulum -- drug effects KW - Epinephrine -- pharmacology KW - Membrane Potentials -- drug effects KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Antimony -- toxicity KW - Myocardium -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79284159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Altered+Ca2%2B+mobilization+during+excitation-contraction+in+cultured+cardiac+myocytes+exposed+to+antimony.&rft.au=Toraason%2C+M%3BWey%2C+H+E%3BRichards%2C+D+E%3BMathias%2C+P+I%3BKrieg%2C+E&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequence analysis of NSP4 gene of human rotavirus allows classification into two main genetic groups. AN - 79274218; 9298731 AB - The rotavirus nonstructural glycoprotein NSP4 may represent the first identified viral enterotoxin. We have sequenced reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-generated fragments of 16 NSP4 genes of human rotavirus (HRV) strains from six different countries, representing seven different G and P type combinations. Based on the amount of sequence divergence between these and 11 previously sequenced NSP4 genes of human and animal rotaviruses, three distinct genetic groups could be recognized. Most strains within a group were closely related to each other at the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) levels (usually <10% divergence) but more distantly related (maximum 30.0% nt divergence and 24.7% aa divergence) to members of the other groups. Intergroup variation occurred in two highly variable regions of NSP4 (aa 16-34 and aa 131-148). The NSP4 "toxic peptide" (aa 114-135) exhibited aa variation at its carboxy terminus both within and between genetic groups. The largest group (genetic group II) contained HRV strains of subgroup II specificity (including genotypes P[8]G1, P[8]G3, P[6]G3, and P[8]G5 and serotype P8[11]G9), and the smaller group (genetic group I) contained HRV strains of subgroup I specificity (genotype P[4]G2). The NSP4 sequence of the rhesus rotavirus vaccine strain was distinct from all other strains and formed the third group (genetic group III). The NSP4 genes of animal rotaviruses UK, NCDV, and SA11 (genetic group I) and YM (genetic group II) and two possible human-animal rotavirus reassortant strains, Brazilian P[8]G5 and Indian P[11]G9 (genetic group II), could also be classified into one of these groups, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship between human and animal NSP4 genes. These results will facilitate studies of the host immune response to NSP4, which may be relevant to future HRV vaccine design. JF - Journal of medical virology AU - Cunliffe, N A AU - Woods, P A AU - Leite, J P AU - Das, B K AU - Ramachandran, M AU - Bhan, M K AU - Hart, C A AU - Glass, R I AU - Gentsch, J R AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 41 EP - 50 VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 0146-6615, 0146-6615 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Glycoproteins KW - NS28 protein, rotavirus KW - Toxins, Biological KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Animals KW - Genetic Variation KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Diarrhea -- virology KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Rotavirus Infections -- virology KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Rotavirus -- classification KW - Viral Nonstructural Proteins -- genetics KW - Rotavirus -- isolation & purification KW - Genes, Viral KW - Rotavirus -- genetics KW - Glycoproteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79274218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+virology&rft.atitle=Sequence+analysis+of+NSP4+gene+of+human+rotavirus+allows+classification+into+two+main+genetic+groups.&rft.au=Cunliffe%2C+N+A%3BWoods%2C+P+A%3BLeite%2C+J+P%3BDas%2C+B+K%3BRamachandran%2C+M%3BBhan%2C+M+K%3BHart%2C+C+A%3BGlass%2C+R+I%3BGentsch%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Cunliffe&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+virology&rft.issn=01466615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - L41247; GENBANK; U78569; U78568; U78567; U78566; U78565; U78564; U78563; U78562; U78561; U78560; K01138; U78558; D01145; U78559; K02032; X69485; U59108; U59109; U78572; U78573; U78570; U78571; X06806; U59103; U59104; K03384 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Necrotizing soft tissue infections reported with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. AN - 79273272; 9296245 AB - Recent reports of necrotizing fasciitis in children with varicella who received a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) recall earlier concerns regarding the possibility of relationships between infections and NSAIDs. We searched the Food and Drug Administration's Spontaneous Reporting System (SRS) for necrotizing soft tissue infections reported in conjunction with the use of NSAIDs, to identify common features. A computer search of NSAID listings in the adverse event database recovered reports with codes for selected infection and necrosis-related diagnostic categories. From review of individual reports classified under these codes, cases were selected if the terms "necrotizing fasciitis," "necrotic," or "gangrenous" appeared in the adverse drug reaction description. Demographic, drug use, and disease course information were gathered. Thirty-three cases were identified, of which 10 were fatal. Over two-thirds of the patients were younger than 40 years. Thirty (91%) had a possible portal of entry for infection. Most received NSAIDs for acute conditions including varicella, trauma, and postoperative or postpartum pain; 7 received an NSAID by intramuscular injection. Specific NSAIDs accounting for most reports were also among those likely to be most heavily used in the relevant populations. Common features of these rare case reports of necrotizing soft tissue infections with NSAID use include characteristics such as age, portal of infection entry, indication for NSAID use, route of administration, and individual NSAIDs. The total number of SRS cases does not suggest that necrotizing infection is frequent with NSAIDs or likely without other risk factors. Controlled observational studies would help to define any causal contribution of these factors to the evolution of severe infection. JF - The Annals of pharmacotherapy AU - Kahn, L H AU - Styrt, B A AD - Office of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 1034 EP - 1039 VL - 31 IS - 9 SN - 1060-0280, 1060-0280 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Fasciitis, Necrotizing -- epidemiology KW - Fasciitis, Necrotizing -- chemically induced KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- adverse effects KW - Fasciitis, Necrotizing -- mortality KW - Fasciitis, Necrotizing -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79273272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Necrotizing+soft+tissue+infections+reported+with+nonsteroidal+antiinflammatory+drugs.&rft.au=Kahn%2C+L+H%3BStyrt%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Kahn&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1034&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+pharmacotherapy&rft.issn=10600280&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating magnetic field exposures of rail maintenance workers. AN - 79270049; 9291566 AB - A measurement survey was undertaken to estimate exposures to 25 hertz (Hz) magnetic fields of maintenance workers on electrified rail lines near Philadelphia, Pa. Because of the mix of frequencies expected, a strategy was developed using new instrument to capture magnetic field waveforms, which were then analyzed by fast Fourier transform for their frequency components. This instrument could only take spot measurements, so a personal monitor repeatedly measured magnetic fields in the ranges of 40-100 Hz. To power trains in the mid-Atlantic region, electrical current flows from the overhead catenary to the locomotive and returns through the rails in a loop up to 10 miles long. This flowing current was the primary source of the magnetic field exposures when a train was near the maintenance work site being measured. A total of 93 spot measurements was taken at five locations. Peak magnetic flux densities ranged from 34 to 185 milligauss (mG) near a transformer, while medians at the five locations ranged from 6.5 to 40 mG. Time-weighted average personal exposures were estimated by combining spot measurements at occupied locations, with estimates of how much time was spent at each location. These averages were estimated to lie between 3.0 and 18 mG, depending on the location of how often trains passed the work site. Comparisons between the spot measurements in the 40-100 Hz frequency range and summarises from the personal dosimeter showed reasonably good agreement. Further characterization of personal exposures in this region may be justified, since on-train workers and passengers may be more highly exposed. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Wenzl, T B AD - Health-related Energy Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 667 EP - 671 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Mid-Atlantic Region KW - Fourier Analysis KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Time Factors KW - Electromagnetic Fields KW - Railroads KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79270049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Estimating+magnetic+field+exposures+of+rail+maintenance+workers.&rft.au=Wenzl%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Wenzl&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proficiency analytical testing (PAT) program. AN - 79270005; 9291560 JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Esche, C A AU - Groff, J H AD - Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 633 EP - 635 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Total Quality Management KW - Societies, Medical KW - Quality Control KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Health KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Laboratories -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79270005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Proficiency+analytical+testing+%28PAT%29+program.&rft.au=Esche%2C+C+A%3BGroff%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Esche&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Primary care of the HIV-seropositive chemically dependent patient. AN - 79241271; 9271698 AB - Persons with chemical dependency problems account for a large and growing number of cases of HIV/AIDS in the United States. This group poses unique challenges as providers address their medical and psychosocial needs. Although much of the care of substance-using HIV patients is the same as that of non-substance-using patients, differences do exist. Treatment of the underlying chemical dependency is a cornerstone of caring for these patients. JF - Primary care AU - O'Neill, J F AD - AIDS Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 667 EP - 676 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0095-4543, 0095-4543 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Humans KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- drug therapy KW - Primary Health Care KW - Mental Disorders -- psychology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Mental Disorders -- complications KW - Male KW - Female KW - Medical History Taking KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- therapy KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - HIV Infections -- psychology KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79241271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Primary+care&rft.atitle=Primary+care+of+the+HIV-seropositive+chemically+dependent+patient.&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Primary+care&rft.issn=00954543&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory symptoms and spirometry in experienced coal miners: effects of both distant and recent coal mine dust exposures. AN - 79138002; 9219657 AB - The goal of this study was to determine whether respiratory symptoms were associated with the lower concentrations of respirable coal mine dust that were required by the U.S. Coal Mine Health and Safety Act (CMHSA) of 1969. The subjects were 1,866 male miners who had participated in the National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (NSCWP) and been tested at least twice, initially in either Round 1 (R1) (1969-71) or Round 2 (R2) (1972-75) and then finally in Round 4 (R4) (1985-88). Self-reported information elicited with a standardized questionnaire was used to determine the presence at the final round (i.e., R4) of chronic bronchitis, shortness of breath, and wheeze. Cumulative coal mine dust exposure was characterized for both the pre- and post-CMHSA periods. Controlling for age and other potential confounders, increased risks for the symptoms were associated with higher levels of both measurements of exposure. Moreover, the adverse effects of the lower, post-CMHSA exposure were evident for shortness of breath and wheeze especially among subjects who had little pre-CMHSA coal mining experience. These findings provide additional evidence of the limitations of the current 2.0 mg/m3 coal mine dust standard to prevent respiratory disease. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Attfield, M D AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. PKHO@CDC.GOV Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 268 EP - 274 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Coal Mining -- standards KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Coal Mining -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Forced Expiratory Volume KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Spirometry KW - Coal -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- standards KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Respiration Disorders -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Dust -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79138002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Respiratory+symptoms+and+spirometry+in+experienced+coal+miners%3A+effects+of+both+distant+and+recent+coal+mine+dust+exposures.&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+P+K%3BAttfield%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-18 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Child Health USA '96-'97. AN - 62533855; ED415025 AB - Intended to inform policymaking in the public and private sector, this booklet compiles secondary data for 53 health status indicators and service needs of America's children. The book provides both a graphic and textual summary for the data and addresses long-term trends, where applicable. Some statistics indicate the extent of progress toward "Healthy People 2000" goals or a reduction in the prevalence of unhealthy behaviors, while others reveal escalating health problems. Following the introduction, which discusses trends and issues in children's health, the booklet has six sections: (1) "Population Characteristics," including children in poverty, working mothers, child care, and school dropouts; (2) "Health Status," discussing the health issues related to infants, children, and adolescents; (3) "Health Services and Utilization," including health care financing, vaccination coverage levels, physician visits, service utilization by children with chronic conditions, postpartum hospital discharge, and prenatal care; (4) "State-Specific Data," including tables of state-level data on infant, perinatal, and neonatal mortality, prenatal care, low birth weight, births to women under 18, Medicaid information, and health care financing; (5) "City Data," focusing on comparisons between cities with populations over 100,000 and national data on infant mortality, low birth weight, and prenatal care; and (6) Progress Towards Healthy People 2000 Objectives," summarizing progress toward several objectives. Contains approximately 50 references. (KB) Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 83 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - Healthy People 2000 KW - Indicators KW - Medicaid KW - Vaccination KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Social Indicators KW - Birth Weight KW - Early Parenthood KW - Mortality Rate KW - Mothers KW - Employed Parents KW - Dropout Rate KW - Child Health KW - Infant Mortality KW - Prenatal Care KW - Health Care Costs KW - Demography KW - Health Needs KW - Municipalities KW - Poverty KW - Day Care KW - Incidence KW - Health Behavior KW - Tables (Data) KW - Adolescents KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62533855?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For 1994 edition, see ED 376 387; for 1995 edition N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Toxicological profile for ethylene glycol and propylene glycol AN - 52582015; 1998-050471 JF - Toxicological profile for ethylene glycol and propylene glycol AU - Murray, Ed AU - George, Julia Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 267 KW - soils KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - propylene glycol KW - medical geology KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - pollution KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - ground water KW - spatial distribution KW - ethylene glycol KW - organic compounds KW - ethylene KW - transport KW - alkenes KW - hydrocarbons KW - chemical properties KW - air KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52582015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Murray%2C+Ed%3BGeorge%2C+Julia&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Toxicological+profile+for+ethylene+glycol+and+propylene+glycol&rft.title=Toxicological+profile+for+ethylene+glycol+and+propylene+glycol&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 525 N1 - Availability - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, United States N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Toxicological profile for hydrazines AN - 52578938; 1998-050473 JF - Toxicological profile for hydrazines AU - Choudhary, Gangadhar AU - Hansen, Hugh AU - Donkin, Steve AU - Kirman, Christopher Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 202 KW - soils KW - toxic materials KW - medical geology KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - ground water KW - chemical reactions KW - transport KW - hydrazines KW - chemical properties KW - air KW - geochemistry KW - ammonia compound KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52578938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Choudhary%2C+Gangadhar%3BHansen%2C+Hugh%3BDonkin%2C+Steve%3BKirman%2C+Christopher&rft.aulast=Choudhary&rft.aufirst=Gangadhar&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Toxicological+profile+for+hydrazines&rft.title=Toxicological+profile+for+hydrazines&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 461 N1 - Availability - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, United States N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 17 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Toxicological profile for hexachloroethane AN - 52578907; 1998-050472 JF - Toxicological profile for hexachloroethane AU - Smith-Simons, Cassandra AU - Donohue, Joyce M AU - Eisenmann, Carol Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 169 KW - soils KW - toxic materials KW - medical geology KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - data processing KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - pollution KW - ethane KW - alkanes KW - environmental analysis KW - environmental effects KW - ground water KW - hexachloroethane KW - organic compounds KW - transport KW - hydrocarbons KW - data bases KW - chemical properties KW - air KW - geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52578907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Smith-Simons%2C+Cassandra%3BDonohue%2C+Joyce+M%3BEisenmann%2C+Carol&rft.aulast=Smith-Simons&rft.aufirst=Cassandra&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Toxicological+profile+for+hexachloroethane&rft.title=Toxicological+profile+for+hexachloroethane&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 202 N1 - Availability - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, United States N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 11 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Toxicological profile for nickel AN - 52189560; 2001-061610 JF - Toxicological profile for nickel AU - Wheeler, John S AU - Eisenmann, Carol Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - September 1997 SP - 262 KW - water KW - soils KW - toxic materials KW - monitoring KW - medical geology KW - pollution KW - bioavailability KW - bibliography KW - human ecology KW - toxicity KW - transport KW - metals KW - sediments KW - nickel KW - chemical properties KW - risk assessment KW - air KW - kinetics KW - geochemistry KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52189560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+John+S%3BEisenmann%2C+Carol&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Toxicological+profile+for+nickel&rft.title=Toxicological+profile+for+nickel&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2001-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 525 N1 - Availability - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, United States N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 15 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of nitrazepam by Clostridium leptum, a nitroreductase-producing bacterium isolated from the human intestinal tract. AN - 17121030; 4425347 AB - We isolated Clostridium leptum NP15 from the human intestinal tract and found that the organism contained nitroreductase with high specific activity. Prereduced, anaerobically sterilized brain heart infusion (PRAS BHI) broth was inoculated with C. leptum, and then nitrazepam (100 mu g/mL) was added to the cultures. The cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 degree C for 18-24 hours. We added 2-5 g of NaCl, 2 g of K sub(2)HPO sub(4), 50 mL of methanol, and 50 mL of water to each bacterial culture (10 mL). C. leptum grew in the presence of 200 mu g/mL of nitrazepam, which was metabolized by the bacteria overnight (as determined by the disappearance of the nitrazepam peak following incubation). The HPLC elution profile showed that nitrazepam eluted at 12.2 minutes. This peak gradually disappeared following the growth of C. leptum, and a peak eluting at 3.9 minutes appeared. The mass spectrometric analysis of this peak indicated that it was 7-amino-nitrazepam. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Rafii, F AU - Sutherland, J B AU - Hansen, EB Jr AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - HFT 252, Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - S 121 EP - 122 VL - 25 IS - suppl. 2 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - anaerobic conditions KW - high-performance liquid chromatography KW - mass spectroscopy KW - nitrazepam KW - nitroreductase KW - reduction KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Clostridium leptum KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17121030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+nitrazepam+by+Clostridium+leptum%2C+a+nitroreductase-producing+bacterium+isolated+from+the+human+intestinal+tract.&rft.au=Rafii%2C+F%3BSutherland%2C+J+B%3BHansen%2C+EB+Jr%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Rafii&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=suppl.+2&rft.spage=S+121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium leptum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding cis-biphenyl dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (bphB) and the expression of an active recombinant His-tagged bphB gene product from a PCB degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas putida OU83 AN - 16463800; 4209433 AB - The nucleotide sequence of the bphB gene of Pseudomonas putida strain OU83 was determined. The bphB gene, which encodes cis-biphenyl dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (BDDH), was composed of 834 base pairs with an ATG initiation codon and a TGA termination codon. It can encode a polypeptide of 28.91 kDa, containing 277 amino acids. Promoter-like and ribosome-binding sequences were identified upstream of the bphB gene. The bphB nucleotide sequence was used to produce His-tagged BDDH, in Escherichia coli. The His-tagged BDDH construction, carrying a single 6 x His tail on the N-terminal portion, was active. The molecular mass of the native enzyme was 128 kDa and on SDS-PAGE analysis the molecular mass was 31 kDa. This enzyme requires NAD+ for its activity and its optimum pH is 8.5. Nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequence analyses revealed a high degree of homology between the bphB gene from Pseudomonas putida OU83 and the bphB genes from P. cepacia LB400 and P. pseudoalcaligenes KF707. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Khan, A A AU - Wang, Rong-Fu AU - Nawaz AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 317 EP - 324 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 154 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - bphB gene KW - cis-biphenyldihydrodiol dehydrogenase KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16463800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+of+the+gene+encoding+cis-biphenyl+dihydrodiol+dehydrogenase+%28bphB%29+and+the+expression+of+an+active+recombinant+His-tagged+bphB+gene+product+from+a+PCB+degrading+bacterium%2C+Pseudomonas+putida+OU83&rft.au=Khan%2C+A+A%3BWang%2C+Rong-Fu%3BNawaz%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of ahpC gene mutations in isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AN - 16087238; 4112740 AB - The ahpC genes of 57 clinical isolates and one in vitro mutant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were evaluated by nucleotide sequence analyses. Although compensatory ahpC promoter mutations were identified in 8 catalase-negative, katG-defective strains, the ahpC genes of 25 catalase-positive, isoniazid-resistant isolates and 25 drug-sensitive strains were not altered. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Kelley, CL AU - Rouse, DA AU - Morris, S L AD - Lab. Mycobacteria, FDA/CBER, HFM-431, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DA - Sep 1997 SP - 2057 EP - 2058 VL - 41 IS - 9 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - ahpC gene KW - isoniazid KW - catalase KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - mutation KW - drug resistance KW - resistance KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16087238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+ahpC+gene+mutations+in+isoniazid-resistant+clinical+isolates+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis&rft.au=Kelley%2C+CL%3BRouse%2C+DA%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2057&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; drug resistance; mutation; resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Single-cell cytokine profiles in normal humans: comparison of flow cytometric reagents and stimulation protocols. AN - 79309610; 9328582 AB - Cytokines are produced and function at a micro environmental level: intracellular assessment has only recently become practically feasible. We used 3-color flow cytometry to examine surface and cytoplasmic antigens on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 18 normal donors, assessing the applicability/comparability of various directly conjugated anti-human cytokine reagents and stimulation protocols using separated cells or whole blood preparations. Interdonor variability far exceeded variability due to reagent or stimulation and separation techniques. Based on all results with various reagents, post 4-5.5 h stimulation with PHA/PMA/ionomycin, the range of the percents of T lymphocytes producing various cytokines included: gamma-IFN-13.2-65.0%, IL-2-10.0-56.7%, and TNF-alpha-17.1-79.2%. Compared to CD8+ cells, CD4+ cells more often expressed IL-2 (mean 45.7% of CD4 + vs. 21.4% of CD8+ p < 0.0001), less often expressed gamma-IFN (18.5% vs. 55.3%, p < 0.0001), and did not differ in TNF-alpha expression (52.9% vs. 59.4%). Of T cells producing gamma-IFN, 64.8-100.0% also produced TNF-alpha 3.5-100.0%, IL-2. Of T cells producing IL-2, 6.0-63.9% also produced gamma-IFN and 37.6-100.0%, TNF-alpha. These results demonstrate the broad spectrum of cytokine patterns in normal human adults, as well as the usefulness and limitations of various currently available cytokine products. JF - Journal of immunological methods AU - Jason, J AU - Larned, J AD - Immunology Branch, Centers for Disease, Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), U.S. Public Health Service (PHS), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 1997/08/22/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Aug 22 SP - 13 EP - 22 VL - 207 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1759, 0022-1759 KW - Antigens, CD3 KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD4 KW - Antigens, CD8 KW - Cytokines KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Phytohemagglutinins KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Ionomycin KW - 56092-81-0 KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- immunology KW - Interleukin-2 -- metabolism KW - Antigens, CD3 -- metabolism KW - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Ionomycin -- immunology KW - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Antigens, CD4 -- metabolism KW - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Phytohemagglutinins -- immunology KW - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Cytoplasm -- immunology KW - Cytoplasm -- metabolism KW - Adult KW - Interferon-gamma -- metabolism KW - Antigens, CD8 -- metabolism KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- metabolism KW - T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - T-Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Cytokines -- metabolism KW - T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Flow Cytometry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79309610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunological+methods&rft.atitle=Single-cell+cytokine+profiles+in+normal+humans%3A+comparison+of+flow+cytometric+reagents+and+stimulation+protocols.&rft.au=Jason%2C+J%3BLarned%2C+J&rft.aulast=Jason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-22&rft.volume=207&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunological+methods&rft.issn=00221759&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-31 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for the role of 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate isomerase in the degradation of anthracene by Sphingomonas yanoikuyae B1. AN - 79288117; 9303884 AB - Sphingomonas yanoikuyae B1 is extremely versatile in its catabolic ability. An insertional mutant strain, S. yamoikuyae EK504, which is unable to grow on naphthalene due to the loss of 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate isomerase activity, was utilized to investigate the role of this enzyme in the degradation of anthracene by S. yanoikuyae B1. Although EK504 is unable to grow on anthracene, this strain could transform anthracene to some extent. A metabolite in the degradation of anthracene by EK504 was isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and was identified as 6,7-benzocoumarin by UV-visible, gas-chromatographic, HPLC/mass-spectrometric, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectral techniques. The identification of 6,7-benzocoumarin provides direct chemical and genetic evidence for the involvement of nahD in the degradation of anthracene by S. yanoikuyae B1. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Kim, E AU - Zylstra, G J AU - Freeman, J P AU - Heinze, T M AU - Deck, J AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/08/15/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Aug 15 SP - 479 EP - 484 VL - 153 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Anthracenes KW - 0 KW - Coumarins KW - Naphthalenes KW - naphthalene KW - 2166IN72UN KW - Isomerases KW - EC 5.- KW - Intramolecular Oxidoreductases KW - EC 5.3.- KW - 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate isomerase KW - EC 5.3.99.- KW - anthracene KW - EH46A1TLD7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Naphthalenes -- metabolism KW - Coumarins -- metabolism KW - Models, Chemical KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria -- enzymology KW - Isomerases -- metabolism KW - Anthracenes -- metabolism KW - Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79288117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+the+role+of+2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate+isomerase+in+the+degradation+of+anthracene+by+Sphingomonas+yanoikuyae+B1.&rft.au=Kim%2C+E%3BZylstra%2C+G+J%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BHeinze%2C+T+M%3BDeck%2C+J%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-08-15&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human immunodeficiency virus-1-tat protein induces the cell surface expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human endothelial cells. AN - 79228459; 9269771 AB - Human vascular endothelial cells (EC) have been implicated in the dissemination of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). HIV-1-tat, a viral gene product essential for HIV replication, has been shown to interact with different cell types, altering their growth and inducing gene expression. In the present report, we have examined the effect of HIV-tat on the expression of various adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein EC. Our results show that treatment of EC with HIV-tat induces the cell surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Cycloheximide abolished the HIV-tat-dependent induction of all the adhesion molecules, indicating that protein synthesis was required for induction. The effect of HIV-tat on expression of adhesion molecules was potentiated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a well-known inducer of adhesion molecules. Like TNF, HIV-tat also enhanced the adhesion of human promyelomonocytic HL-60 cells to EC, and this effect was abolished by treatment with antibodies either against HIV-tat or adhesion molecules. Our results thus indicate that the HIV-tat protein can activate human vascular EC to induce the expression of various adhesion molecules that may play a role in the extravasation of HIV-infected cells. JF - Blood AU - Dhawan, S AU - Puri, R K AU - Kumar, A AU - Duplan, H AU - Masson, J M AU - Aggarwal, B B AD - Division of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA. Y1 - 1997/08/15/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Aug 15 SP - 1535 EP - 1544 VL - 90 IS - 4 SN - 0006-4971, 0006-4971 KW - E-Selectin KW - 0 KW - Gene Products, tat KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 KW - tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus KW - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 KW - 126547-89-5 KW - Cycloheximide KW - 98600C0908 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Cycloheximide -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- pharmacology KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Drug Synergism KW - Surface Properties KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- drug effects KW - E-Selectin -- biosynthesis KW - Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Gene Products, tat -- pharmacology KW - HIV-1 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79228459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blood&rft.atitle=Human+immunodeficiency+virus-1-tat+protein+induces+the+cell+surface+expression+of+endothelial+leukocyte+adhesion+molecule-1%2C+vascular+cell+adhesion+molecule-1%2C+and+intercellular+adhesion+molecule-1+in+human+endothelial+cells.&rft.au=Dhawan%2C+S%3BPuri%2C+R+K%3BKumar%2C+A%3BDuplan%2C+H%3BMasson%2C+J+M%3BAggarwal%2C+B+B&rft.aulast=Dhawan&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-08-15&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Blood&rft.issn=00064971&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - An evaluability assessment of responsible fatherhood programs: final report AN - 59773204; 1998-0501890 AB - Examines ways of designing and evaluating the effectiveness of social service programs intended to strengthen the role of fathers in their families; discusses father absence in relation to various child welfare issues; US. US Department of Health and Human Services funded research. Process evaluation, data collection methods, survey design, measurement, variables, and other issues. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, August 6 1997. Y1 - 1997/08/06/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Aug 06 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Sociology -- Research KW - Fathers -- Research KW - Social research -- United States KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Family -- Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59773204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-08-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=An+evaluability+assessment+of+responsible+fatherhood+programs%3A+final+report&rft.title=An+evaluability+assessment+of+responsible+fatherhood+programs%3A+final+report&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://fatherhood.hhs.gov/evaluaby/intro.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard analysis and critical control point systems applied to public health risks: the example of seafood. AN - 79564301; 9501348 AB - The authors describe the way in which the two components of risk analysis--risk assessment and risk management--can be used in conjunction with the hazard analysis and critical control points concept to determine the allocation of resources at potential critical control points. This approach is examined in the context of risks to human health associated with seafood, and in particular with regard to ciguatera poisoning. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Williams, R A AU - Zorn, D J AD - United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 349 EP - 358 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Ciguatera Poisoning KW - Risk Assessment KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Seafood -- standards KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Legislation, Food KW - Foodborne Diseases -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79564301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Hazard+analysis+and+critical+control+point+systems+applied+to+public+health+risks%3A+the+example+of+seafood.&rft.au=Williams%2C+R+A%3BZorn%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date created - 1998-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods and approaches used by FDA to evaluate the safety of food packaging materials. AN - 79421725; 9373518 AB - In the Federal Register of July 17 1995 (60 FR 36582), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) established a 'threshold of regulation' process. This process was established for determining when the extent of migration to food is so trivial that safety concerns would be negligible. The process exempts materials in food-contact articles whose use results in dietary concentrations at or below 0.5 ppb (microgram/kg) from the food additive listing regulation requirement. Carcinogens or substances that may be carcinogens are excluded from this regulation. This paper explores some of the ramifications of the threshold of regulation policy with respect to traditional migration testing. It examines the use of the threshold approach and migration modelling to estimate food additive exposures. These results indicate that modelling may be a reasonable alternative to traditional migration testing. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Begley, T H AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Washington DC 20204, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 545 EP - 553 VL - 14 IS - 6-7 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Diffusion KW - Models, Theoretical KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79421725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Methods+and+approaches+used+by+FDA+to+evaluate+the+safety+of+food+packaging+materials.&rft.au=Begley%2C+T+H&rft.aulast=Begley&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toluene-induced hearing loss among rotogravure printing workers. AN - 79322085; 9322820 AB - This study explored the effects of occupational exposure to solvents and noise on the hearing of rotogravure printing workers from São Paulo, Brazil. The study group comprised 124 workers exposed to various levels of noise and an organic solvent mixture of toluene, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Data on work history, psychosocial aspects of the job, medical history, present health, stress, occupational and nonoccupational exposures to noise or chemicals, and life-style factors were collected through an interview. The participants underwent pure-tone audiometry and immittance audiometry testing. Their exposures to noise and solvents were assessed. Forty-nine percent of the workers had hearing loss. From the numerous variables that were analyzed for their contribution to the development of hearing loss (age, tenure, noise dose, solvent concentrations in air, biological marker for toluene, job category, work and medical history items, smoking, alcohol consumption, work perception scores, nonoccupational exposures), age and hippuric acid (the biologic marker for toluene in urine) were the only variables that met the significance level criterion in the final multiple logistic regression model. The odds ratio estimates for hearing loss were 1.07 times greater for each increment of 1 year of age [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03-1.11] and 1.76 times greater for each gram of hippuric acid per gram of creatinine (95% CI 1.00-2.98). The findings suggest that exposure to toluene has a toxic effect on the auditory system. Further research is needed on the mechanisms underlying the effects of toluene and on the adequacy of current recommended exposure limits. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Morata, T C AU - Fiorini, A C AU - Fischer, F M AU - Colacioppo, S AU - Wallingford, K M AU - Krieg, E F AU - Dunn, D E AU - Gozzoli, L AU - Padrão, M A AU - Cesar, C L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 289 EP - 298 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Hippurates KW - 0 KW - Toluene KW - 3FPU23BG52 KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - hippuric acid KW - TE0865N2ET KW - Index Medicus KW - Creatinine -- urine KW - Logistic Models KW - Audiometry, Pure-Tone KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Hippurates -- urine KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Printing KW - Hearing Disorders -- urine KW - Toluene -- adverse effects KW - Hearing Disorders -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79322085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Toluene-induced+hearing+loss+among+rotogravure+printing+workers.&rft.au=Morata%2C+T+C%3BFiorini%2C+A+C%3BFischer%2C+F+M%3BColacioppo%2C+S%3BWallingford%2C+K+M%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BDunn%2C+D+E%3BGozzoli%2C+L%3BPadr%C3%A3o%2C+M+A%3BCesar%2C+C+L&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification and treatment of the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. AN - 79265654; 9287380 AB - This article reviews the current status of the classification and treatment of the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. The intent of classification is to define homogeneous groups that share similar clinical features, disease courses, and responses to therapy. The classification scheme proposed includes clinicopathologic subsets, serologic subjects based on the presence of myositis-specific and myositis-associated autoantibodies, and environmental triggers of myositis. Juvenile dermatomyositis is the most common and widely recognized of these disorders. The second part reviews the history of treatment of juvenile dermatomyositis and discusses agents to consider for patients with refractory disease, unacceptable steroid toxicity, or poor prognostic factors. JF - Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America AU - Rider, L G AU - Miller, F W AD - Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Immunology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 619 EP - 655 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0889-857X, 0889-857X KW - Adrenal Cortex Hormones KW - 0 KW - Autoantibodies KW - gamma-Globulins KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Humans KW - Immunotherapy KW - Polymyositis -- drug therapy KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Dermatomyositis -- drug therapy KW - Infant KW - Dermatomyositis -- rehabilitation KW - Adrenal Cortex Hormones -- therapeutic use KW - gamma-Globulins -- therapeutic use KW - Polymyositis -- rehabilitation KW - Adolescent KW - Myositis -- immunology KW - Myositis -- classification KW - Myositis -- therapy KW - Myositis -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79265654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rheumatic+diseases+clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Classification+and+treatment+of+the+juvenile+idiopathic+inflammatory+myopathies.&rft.au=Rider%2C+L+G%3BMiller%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=Rider&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rheumatic+diseases+clinics+of+North+America&rft.issn=0889857X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated blood lead levels in children of construction workers. AN - 79257884; 9279275 AB - This study examined whether children of lead-exposed construction workers had higher blood lead levels than neighborhood control children. Twenty-nine construction workers were identified from the New Jersey Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) registry. Eighteen control families were referred by workers. Venous blood samples were collected from 50 children (31 exposed, 19 control subjects) under age 6. Twenty-six percent of workers children had blood lead levels at or over the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention action level of 0.48 mumol/L (10 micrograms/dL), compared with 5% of control children (unadjusted odds ratio = 6.1; 95% confidence interval = 0.9, 147.2). Children of construction workers may be at risk for excessive lead exposure. Health care providers should assess parental occupation as a possible pathway for lead exposure of young children. JF - American journal of public health AU - Whelan, E A AU - Piacitelli, G M AU - Gerwel, B AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Mueller, C A AU - Gittleman, J AU - Matte, T D AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 1352 EP - 1355 VL - 87 IS - 8 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Protoporphyrins KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Paint -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Erythrocytes -- chemistry KW - Infant KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Interviews as Topic KW - New Jersey KW - Lead Poisoning -- etiology KW - Protoporphyrins -- blood KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79257884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Elevated+blood+lead+levels+in+children+of+construction+workers.&rft.au=Whelan%2C+E+A%3BPiacitelli%2C+G+M%3BGerwel%2C+B%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M%3BMueller%2C+C+A%3BGittleman%2C+J%3BMatte%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Whelan&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc R Soc Med. 1972 Aug;65(8):687-8 [4263878] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1997 Jun;58(6):447-54 [9183839] J Occup Med. 1977 Sep;19(9):603-6 [599390] Pediatr Res. 1978 Jan;12(1):29-34 [643372] Environ Res. 1978 Jun;15(3):375-80 [679900] J Occup Med. 1978 Nov;20(11):759-61 [712444] Pediatrics. 1978 Oct;62(4):563-6 [714588] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1979;330:387-99 [294190] Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Apr;115(4):549-55 [7072703] Environ Res. 1985 Oct;38(1):108-18 [4076100] Biometrics. 1986 Mar;42(1):121-30 [3719049] Environ Res. 1989 Oct;50(1):11-36 [2676508] N Engl J Med. 1990 Jan 11;322(2):83-8 [2294437] Int J Epidemiol. 1989 Dec;18(4):874-81 [2621024] Am J Public Health. 1990 Aug;80(8):921-5 [2368850] Am J Public Health. 1992 Feb;82(2):275-7 [1739164] J Occup Med. 1994 May;36(5):526-32 [8027877] JAMA. 1994 Jul 27;272(4):277-83 [8028140] JAMA. 1994 Jul 27;272(4):284-91 [8028141] N Engl J Med. 1977 Feb 3;296(5):260-1 [831108] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends and issues in parity for behavioral healthcare coverage. AN - 79244751; 10173096 JF - Behavioral healthcare tomorrow AU - Buck, J A AD - Center for Mental Health Services, SAMHSA, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 39 EP - 6 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1063-8490, 1063-8490 KW - Health administration KW - United States KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Humans KW - Cost Control KW - Employer Health Costs KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- economics KW - Cost Sharing KW - Health Benefit Plans, Employee -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Mental Health Services -- trends KW - Mental Health Services -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Insurance Coverage -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Health Benefit Plans, Employee -- economics KW - Mental Health Services -- economics KW - Insurance Coverage -- economics KW - Insurance, Psychiatric -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Insurance Coverage -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79244751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+healthcare+tomorrow&rft.atitle=Trends+and+issues+in+parity+for+behavioral+healthcare+coverage.&rft.au=Buck%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Buck&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioral+healthcare+tomorrow&rft.issn=10638490&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-22 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of selegiline. An update. AN - 79221139; 9260033 AB - Selegiline is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) at a dose of 10 mg/day and is given to patients with Parkinson's disease as an adjunct to levodopa therapy. By inhibiting MAO-B, selegiline increases the dopamine levels in the substantia nigra. Selegiline also blocks dopamine re-uptake from the synaptic cleft, thus increasing the dopamine concentrations in the brain. At a dose of 10 mg/day, selegiline is devoid of 'cheese effect'. The pharmacokinetics of selegiline are highly variable. Following an oral dose of selegiline 10 mg, it is rapidly absorbed and metabolised to desmethylselegiline, levoamphetamine and levomethamphetamine. The mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) is approximately 2 micrograms/L and the time to reach the peak is under an hour. The absolute bioavailability of selegiline is approximately 10%. It has an apparent volume of distribution of 1854 L. The oral clearance of selegiline (59 L/min) is many fold higher than the liver blood flow (1.5 L/min), indicating that extrahepatic processes are involved in the elimination of selegiline. The elimination half-life of selegiline is about 1.5 hours. Following multiple administration of selegiline 10 mg/day, the accumulation of both the parent compound and its metabolites have been reported. At least a 4-fold increase in the half-lives of selegiline and desmethylselegiline has been reported. There is at least a 3-fold increase in the Cmax and area under the concentration-time curve of selegiline with food. One of the metabolites of selegiline, desmethylselegiline, is believed to posses some MAO-B inhibitory property, though to a lesser extent than that of selegiline. Within 2 to 4 hours of an oral dose of selegiline 10 mg, 86% of the platelet MAO-B activity was inhibited and it took almost 2 weeks for platelet MAO-B activity to return to the baseline values. Transdermal administration of selegiline resulted in an increase in the plasma concentrations of selegiline and a decrease in the formation of its metabolites, indicating that the extensive first-pass effect is avoided when selegiline is given transdermally. JF - Clinical pharmacokinetics AU - Mahmood, I AD - Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation I, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. mahmoodi@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 91 EP - 102 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0312-5963, 0312-5963 KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Selegiline KW - 2K1V7GP655 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aging -- metabolism KW - Drug Interactions KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Sex Factors KW - Area Under Curve KW - Humans KW - Food-Drug Interactions KW - Cohort Studies KW - Intestinal Absorption -- physiology KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Intestinal Absorption -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Selegiline -- pharmacokinetics KW - Selegiline -- pharmacology KW - Selegiline -- administration & dosage KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors -- pharmacokinetics KW - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79221139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacokinetics&rft.atitle=Clinical+pharmacokinetics+and+pharmacodynamics+of+selegiline.+An+update.&rft.au=Mahmood%2C+I&rft.aulast=Mahmood&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacokinetics&rft.issn=03125963&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute effects of LSD on rhesus monkey operant test battery performance. AN - 79214127; 9258988 AB - The acute effects of LSD were assessed in rhesus macaques using behavior in several complex tasks designed to model aspects of time estimation, short-term memory and attention, motivation, learning, and color and position discrimination. The end points monitored included percent task completed, response rate, and accuracy. LSD (0.0003-0.03 mg/kg intravenously) significantly decreased percent task completed and accuracy in the time estimation task at doses < or = 0.003 mg/kg, but did not significantly affect response rate in this task at any dose tested. Accuracy in the short-term memory task was significantly decreased at the highest dose tested (0.03 mg/kg), but no other end points were affected in this task. Response rate was decreased in both the motivation and learning tasks at doses (0.01 and 0.003 mg/kg, respectively) lower than those affecting other end points. In the color and position discrimination task, only response rate was affected (0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg). These data demonstrate that in rhesus monkeys, performance of tasks believed to depend on aspects of time estimation and motivation are more sensitive to the acute disruptive effects of LSD than are tasks thought to model learning, short-term memory, and color and position discrimination. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Frederick, D L AU - Gillam, M P AU - Lensing, S AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. dfrederick@fdant.nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 633 EP - 641 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Hallucinogens KW - 0 KW - Lysergic Acid Diethylamide KW - 8NA5SWF92O KW - Index Medicus KW - Discrimination Learning -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Motivation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Time Perception -- drug effects KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Attention -- drug effects KW - Memory, Short-Term -- drug effects KW - Color Perception -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Hallucinogens -- pharmacology KW - Lysergic Acid Diethylamide -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79214127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Acute+effects+of+LSD+on+rhesus+monkey+operant+test+battery+performance.&rft.au=Frederick%2C+D+L%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BLensing%2C+S%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glucocorticoidlike activity of megestrol. A summary of Food and Drug Administration experience and a review of the literature. AN - 79181188; 9250225 AB - Sporadic single case reports linking glucocorticoidlike activity to megestrol acetate have been reported in the literature. These findings have important implications for patient care. Adverse drug experience reports to the US Food and Drug Administration from 1984 through 1996 and a MEDLINE search of the literature from 1984 through 1996 provided the case reports. Five cases of Cushing syndrome, 12 cases of new-onset diabetes, and 16 cases of adrenal insufficiency were identified in association with megestrol therapy. Twelve cases in which preexisting diabetes was exacerbated and 17 cases of possible adrenal insufficiency were identified. Therapy with megestrol can result in clinical manifestations of glucocorticoidlike activity, including Cushing syndrome, diabetes, and adrenal insufficiency. Clinicians need to be aware of this association as these complications can be life-threatening if not recognized. JF - Archives of internal medicine AU - Mann, M AU - Koller, E AU - Murgo, A AU - Malozowski, S AU - Bacsanyi, J AU - Leinung, M AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 1651 EP - 1656 VL - 157 IS - 15 SN - 0003-9926, 0003-9926 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal KW - 0 KW - Appetite Stimulants KW - Glucocorticoids KW - Megestrol KW - EA6LD1M70M KW - Megestrol Acetate KW - TJ2M0FR8ES KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Cushing Syndrome -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- chemically induced KW - Megestrol Acetate -- adverse effects KW - Adrenal Insufficiency -- chemically induced KW - Appetite Stimulants -- adverse effects KW - Megestrol -- adverse effects KW - Glucocorticoids -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79181188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Glucocorticoidlike+activity+of+megestrol.+A+summary+of+Food+and+Drug+Administration+experience+and+a+review+of+the+literature.&rft.au=Mann%2C+M%3BKoller%2C+E%3BMurgo%2C+A%3BMalozowski%2C+S%3BBacsanyi%2C+J%3BLeinung%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=00039926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections among patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy traced to breaks in infection control and possible extrinsic contamination by propofol. AN - 79176770; 9249124 AB - Infectious complications associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are extremely unusual. When five of nine patients undergoing ECT at one facility on June 20, 1996 developed Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (BSI), an investigation was initiated. A retrospective cohort study, a procedure review, and observational and microbiologic studies were performed. A case was defined as any patient who had ECT at Facility A from June 1, 1995 through June 20, 1996 and developed S. aureus BSI <30 days after ECT. The post-ECT S. aureus BSI rate was significantly greater on the epidemic day than the pre-epidemic period, (i.e., June 1, 1995 through June 19, 1996) (5 of 9 vs 0 of 54 patients, P < 0.001). All patients during the study period received propofol before ECT. Case patients were more likely than noncase patients to have higher maximum temperature after ECT (median 103.9 degrees F vs 100.0 degrees F, P < 0.03) and a greater time from preparation of intravenous medications to infusion (median 2.1 vs 1.1 h, P = 0.01). All case-patient S. aureus isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Our investigation suggests that the ECT-associated S. aureus BSIs were associated with infection control breaks, which possibly led to the extrinsic contamination of propofol. Prevention of propofol-associated infectious complications requires aseptic preparation and use immediately before infusion. JF - Anesthesia and analgesia AU - Kuehnert, M J AU - Webb, R M AU - Jochimsen, E M AU - Hancock, G A AU - Arduino, M J AU - Hand, S AU - Currier, M AU - Jarvis, W R AD - Hospital Infections Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 420 EP - 425 VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 0003-2999, 0003-2999 KW - Anesthetics, Intravenous KW - 0 KW - Propofol KW - YI7VU623SF KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Contamination KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- isolation & purification KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Nose -- microbiology KW - Aged KW - Fever -- etiology KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Hand -- microbiology KW - Cohort Studies KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field KW - Middle Aged KW - Anesthetics, Intravenous -- adverse effects KW - Time Factors KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- classification KW - Female KW - Male KW - Peer Review, Health Care KW - Staphylococcal Infections -- prevention & control KW - Bacteremia -- prevention & control KW - Bacteremia -- microbiology KW - Electroconvulsive Therapy KW - Propofol -- adverse effects KW - Infection Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79176770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anesthesia+and+analgesia&rft.atitle=Staphylococcus+aureus+bloodstream+infections+among+patients+undergoing+electroconvulsive+therapy+traced+to+breaks+in+infection+control+and+possible+extrinsic+contamination+by+propofol.&rft.au=Kuehnert%2C+M+J%3BWebb%2C+R+M%3BJochimsen%2C+E+M%3BHancock%2C+G+A%3BArduino%2C+M+J%3BHand%2C+S%3BCurrier%2C+M%3BJarvis%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Kuehnert&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=420&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Anesthesia+and+analgesia&rft.issn=00032999&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-03 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A field deployable gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer for industrial hygiene applications. AN - 79171254; 9248030 AB - To study the feasibility and efficacy of field gas chromatograph/mass spectrometers (GC/MS), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted laboratory and field testing of a commercial transportable GC/MS. That unit was reengineered and reconstructed by NIOSH as a more portable GC/MS (can be moved, set up, and operated by one person), incorporating novel weight and size-reducing vacuum technology. Further laboratory and field tests were then accomplished. This NIOSH-developed vacuum technology has proven important in reducing the size and weight of the GC/MS by up to 50%, making it much more suitable for field use. Experience has shown that for a large class of survey situations involving monitoring of components of complex mixtures of vapors and gases field use of GC/MS can be very useful. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Piltingsrud, H V AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 564 EP - 577 VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - 0 KW - Petroleum KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Equipment Design KW - Printing KW - Solvents -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Paint KW - Technology Assessment, Biomedical KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Mass Spectrometry -- instrumentation KW - Chromatography, Gas -- instrumentation KW - Air Pollution -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79171254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=A+field+deployable+gas+chromatograph%2Fmass+spectrometer+for+industrial+hygiene+applications.&rft.au=Piltingsrud%2C+H+V&rft.aulast=Piltingsrud&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=564&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-04 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A carcinogenesis model describing mutational events at the DNA adduct level. AN - 79155950; 9232967 AB - A stochastic carcinogenesis model is proposed to describe a sequence of component mutational changes that constitute the G:C-->A:T base substitution. This paper provides the biological basis and mathematical formulation underlying the proposed model. In addition, the paper elaborates on a numerical approach for studying the cumulant functions, survival functions, and hazard functions of the model. Several numerical examples are given of potential applications of the model. JF - Mathematical biosciences AU - Zheng, O AU - Lutz, W K AU - Gaylor, D W AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 23 EP - 44 VL - 144 IS - 1 SN - 0025-5564, 0025-5564 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Composition KW - Humans KW - Stochastic Processes KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Mutation KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79155950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mathematical+biosciences&rft.atitle=A+carcinogenesis+model+describing+mutational+events+at+the+DNA+adduct+level.&rft.au=Zheng%2C+O%3BLutz%2C+W+K%3BGaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mathematical+biosciences&rft.issn=00255564&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-22 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope-mediated fusion by a CD4-gp120 complex-specific monoclonal antibody. AN - 79134456; 9223495 AB - The entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into cells is initiated by binding of the viral glycoprotein gp120-gp41 to its cellular receptor CD4. The gp120-CD4 complex formed at the cell surface undergoes conformational changes that may allow its association with an additional membrane component(s) and the eventual formation of the fusion complex. These conformational rearrangements are accompanied by immunological changes manifested by altered reactivity with monoclonal antibodies specific for the individual components and presentation of new epitopes unique to the postbinding complex. In order to analyze the structure and function of the gp120-CD4 complex, monoclonal antibodies were generated from splenocytes of BALB/c mice immunized with soluble CD4-gp120 (IIIB) molecules (J. M. Gershoni, G. Denisova, D. Raviv, N. I. Smorodinsky, and D. Buyaner, FASEB J. 7:1185-1187 1993). One of those monoclonal antibodies, CG10, was found to be strictly complex specific. Here we demonstrate that this monoclonal antibody can significantly enhance the fusion of CD4+ cells with effector cells expressing multiple HIV-1 envelopes. Both T-cell-line-tropic and macrophage-tropic envelope-mediated cell fusion were enhanced, albeit at different optimal doses. Furthermore, infection of HeLa CD4+ (MAGI) cells by HIV-1 LAI, ELI1, and ELI2 strains was increased two- to fourfold in the presence of CG10 monoclonal antibodies, suggesting an effect on viral entry. These findings indicate the existence of a novel, conserved CD4-gp120 intermediate structure that plays an important role in HIV-1 cell fusion. JF - Journal of virology AU - Lee, S AU - Peden, K AU - Dimitrov, D S AU - Broder, C C AU - Manischewitz, J AU - Denisova, G AU - Gershoni, J M AU - Golding, H AD - Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - August 1997 SP - 6037 EP - 6043 VL - 71 IS - 8 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD4 KW - Chemokine CCL4 KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 KW - Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments KW - Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - HeLa Cells KW - Humans KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments -- immunology KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins -- physiology KW - Antigens, CD4 -- physiology KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- physiology KW - HIV-1 -- physiology KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79134456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+envelope-mediated+fusion+by+a+CD4-gp120+complex-specific+monoclonal+antibody.&rft.au=Lee%2C+S%3BPeden%2C+K%3BDimitrov%2C+D+S%3BBroder%2C+C+C%3BManischewitz%2C+J%3BDenisova%2C+G%3BGershoni%2C+J+M%3BGolding%2C+H&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=6037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-31 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nature. 1988 Jul 14;334(6178):162-5 [3260353] Virology. 1993 Mar;193(1):483-91 [8438583] J Virol. 1989 Sep;63(9):3579-85 [2474670] J Virol. 1990 May;64(5):2149-56 [2109100] J Exp Med. 1990 Oct 1;172(4):1143-50 [2212945] J Exp Med. 1990 Oct 1;172(4):1233-42 [1698911] J Virol. 1991 Jan;65(1):31-41 [1985202] Nature. 1991 Jan 10;349(6305):167-9 [1986308] J Exp Med. 1991 Aug 1;174(2):407-15 [1713252] Virology. 1991 Dec;185(2):661-72 [1683726] J Virol. 1992 Feb;66(2):848-56 [1370558] J Virol. 1992 Apr;66(4):2232-9 [1548759] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1992;5(6):591-9 [1588493] J Clin Invest. 1992 Jun;89(6):1952-7 [1376330] J Virol. 1992 Jul;66(7):4445-51 [1602552] J Virol. 1992 Aug;66(8):4784-93 [1378510] J Virol. 1992 Aug;66(8):4794-802 [1629956] J Virol. 1992 Sep;66(9):5635-41 [1380099] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1992 Jun;8(6):1083-90 [1503822] J Immunol. 1992 Dec 1;149(11):3596-604 [1431129] J Virol. 1992 Dec;66(12):6997-7004 [1279195] J Virol. 1993 Jul;67(7):3978-88 [7685405] J Virol. 1993 Aug;67(8):4785-96 [7687303] J Virol. 1993 Aug;67(8):4932-44 [7687306] FASEB J. 1993 Sep;7(12):1185-7 [7690724] J Virol. 1994 Feb;68(2):1029-39 [7904656] J Virol. 1994 Mar;68(3):1962-9 [7906314] J Virol. 1994 Sep;68(9):5854-62 [7520095] J Virol. 1995 Jun;69(6):3712-20 [7745720] Virology. 1995 Aug 20;211(2):583-8 [7544051] J Virol. 1995 Oct;69(10):6140-8 [7545243] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Sep 12;92(19):9004-8 [7568061] Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1811-5 [8525373] Science. 1996 May 10;272(5263):872-7 [8629022] Nature. 1996 Jun 20;381(6584):667-73 [8649512] Cell. 1996 Jun 28;85(7):1135-48 [8674119] Cell. 1996 Jun 28;85(7):1149-58 [8674120] Science. 1996 Jun 28;272(5270):1955-8 [8658171] Science. 1996 Oct 25;274(5287):602-5 [8849450] Nature. 1996 Nov 14;384(6605):179-83 [8906795] Virology. 1989 Feb;168(2):267-73 [2464872] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Use of conditionally counterselectable suicide vectors for allelic exchange AN - 17094420; 4395169 AB - A major goal of research on a pathogenic organism is the complete identification of the virulence determinants of that organism. Virulence determinants may be defined as those genes which enable an organism to colonize the host successfully, and which may then result in host pathology. An operational definition of a virulence determinant might then be as follows: a gene belonging to a pathogen whose inactivation leads to a decrease in virulence of that pathogen. Such a definition may be troublesome in that many genes involved in normal cellular processes may be included. Nevertheless, meeting such a requirement would seem to be a prerequisite for a bona fide virulence determinant. To address these issues experimentally, it is desirable that one be able to inactivate specific chromosomal genes to then be able to assess the contribution of these genes to the overall virulence of an organism. A second goal of research on pathogenic organisms is an understanding of the regulation of virulence determinants in response to the changing environments often associated with a pathogenic life-style. Powerful tools in studies of these phenomena are gene fusions of regulated genes to reporter genes encoding beta -galactosidase, alkaline phosphatase, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, luciferase, etc., which provide an easily determinable measure of gene expression under different environmental conditions. One would thus like to be able to introduce gene fusions in a directed (i.e., nonrandom) way to particular genes in a regulon. For the above reasons we have developed methods which allow the easy replacement of bacterial chromosomal alleles with those which have been cloned and modified in vitro. These methods were originally developed for use in studies on the human pathogen Bordetella pertussis, but it is our hope and expectation that they will be utilizable in other genera and species as well. JF - Selected Methods in Enzymology AU - Stibitz, S A2 - Clark, VL A2 - Bavoil, PM (eds) Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 8 EP - 308 PB - Academic Press, Inc., 525 B St. Ste. 1900 San Diego CA 92101-4495 USA SN - 0121754650 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Chromosomes KW - Gene fusion KW - Cloning vectors KW - Pathogens KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17094420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Bacteriology+Abstracts+%28Microbiology+B%29&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Stibitz%2C+S&rft.aulast=Stibitz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=0121754650&rft.btitle=Use+of+conditionally+counterselectable+suicide+vectors+for+allelic+exchange&rft.title=Use+of+conditionally+counterselectable+suicide+vectors+for+allelic+exchange&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Price $79.95. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Purification of Escherichia coli K antigens AN - 17094399; 4395161 AB - The capsule of a strain which excretes polysaccharide can often be purified by fractionation of the culture medium. Capsular polysaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella, and Neisseria meningitidis have been isolated using such an approach. The procedure described below is a modification of a method developed in the laboratories of Dr. E. C. Gotschlich at the Rockefeller University and Dr. John Robbins at the National Institutes of Health. The method begins with detergent precipitation and removes protein by phenol extraction. Contaminating lipopolysaccharide forms micelles and is removed by ultracentrifugation. Variations of these procedures have been used to purify Haemophilus and meningococcal polysaccharides. Also described is a method for the isolation of C-labeled polysaccharide in a 1-liter shake flask. JF - Selected Methods in Enzymology. AU - Vann, W F AU - Freese, S J A2 - Clark, VL A2 - Bavoil, PM (eds) Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 8 EP - 186 PB - Academic Press, Inc., 525 B St. Ste. 1900 San Diego CA 92101-4495 USA SN - 0121754650 KW - double prime K antigen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Capsules KW - Antigens KW - Escherichia coli KW - Polysaccharides KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17094399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Bacteriology+Abstracts+%28Microbiology+B%29&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Vann%2C+W+F%3BFreese%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Vann&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=0121754650&rft.btitle=Purification+of+Escherichia+coli+K+antigens&rft.title=Purification+of+Escherichia+coli+K+antigens&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Price $79.95. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Serogroup and serotype classification of bacterial pathogens AN - 17093901; 4395152 AB - This chapter describes the serological approaches and methods used to characterize strains of several bacterial species of medical importance. These approaches distinguish different strains or clones for the purpose of epidemiological tracing or research into virulence factors. The present discussion is concerned specifically with the serological identification of antigenically distinct types or groups within the following species: Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and group A and group B beta -hemolytic streptococci. It is assumed that the bacterial strains are isolated and in pure culture. Direct detection of bacterial antigens in patient materials is not discussed. JF - Selected Methods in Enzymology. AU - Frasch, CE A2 - Clark, VL A2 - Bavoil, PM (eds) Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 16 EP - 58 PB - Academic Press, Inc., 525 B St. Ste. 1900 San Diego CA 92101-4495 USA SN - 0121754650 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Typing KW - Clinical microbiology KW - Serotyping KW - Pathogens KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17093901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Bacteriology+Abstracts+%28Microbiology+B%29&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Frasch%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Frasch&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=0121754650&rft.btitle=Serogroup+and+serotype+classification+of+bacterial+pathogens&rft.title=Serogroup+and+serotype+classification+of+bacterial+pathogens&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Price $79.95. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The three-phase linear model of bacterial growth: A response AN - 16540893; 4341557 AB - Buchanan et al. compare a three-phase linear model of bacterial growth with the Gompertz and Baranyi nonlinear models. The three-phase linear model imposes horizontal line fits on the lag and stationary periods and uses least squares regression to allocate observations to the three phases, as well as to the coordinates of the three lines themselves. This extension of the early graphical methods of microbiologists is mechanistic and very simple, and appears fully adequate for use as a primary model to support multi-parameter environmental modeling of bacterial growth. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Garthright, W E AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 200 C. St., S. W., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 395 EP - 397 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - growth KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bacteria KW - Mathematical models KW - Food KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16540893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+three-phase+linear+model+of+bacterial+growth%3A+A+response&rft.au=Garthright%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Garthright&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Food; Bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rickettsiae-infected ticks in an endemic area of spotted fever in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil AN - 16287573; 4300190 AB - A study on tick-borne rickettsiosis was developed in the county of Santa Cruz do Escalvado, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, where a clinical case of the disease, confirmed by necropsy, had been reported. Of the 1,254 ticks collected, 1,061 belonged to the Amblyomma genus, 57 to the Rhipicephalus sanguineus species, 81 to Boophilus microplus, and 46 to Anocentor nitens. The hemolymph test associated with Gimenez staining showed that 18 of the 221 A. cajennense specimens, 1 of the 16 R. sanguineus, 1 of the 22 B. microplus, 3 of the A. nitens, and 1 of the A. ovale contained rickettsia-like microorganisms. Only 3 A. cajennense ticks were positive under direct immunofluorescence. A. cajennense was the only species found on humans. JF - Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz AU - Lemos, ERS AU - Machado, R D AU - Pires, FDA AU - Machado, S L AU - Costa, LMC AU - Coura, J R AD - Depto. de Medicina Trop., Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 477 EP - 481 VL - 92 IS - 4 SN - 0074-0276, 0074-0276 KW - Acari KW - Brazil KW - rickettsiosis KW - vectors KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05206:Medical & veterinary entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16287573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memorias+do+Instituto+Oswaldo+Cruz&rft.atitle=Rickettsiae-infected+ticks+in+an+endemic+area+of+spotted+fever+in+the+State+of+Minas+Gerais%2C+Brazil&rft.au=Lemos%2C+ERS%3BMachado%2C+R+D%3BPires%2C+FDA%3BMachado%2C+S+L%3BCosta%2C+LMC%3BCoura%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Lemos&rft.aufirst=ERS&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memorias+do+Instituto+Oswaldo+Cruz&rft.issn=00740276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational fatalities among older workers in the United States: 1980-1991 AN - 16118210; 4209099 AB - Workers aged 65 and older had a workplace fatality rate 2.6 times that of workers aged 16 to 64 for 1980 through 1991 (14.1 per 100,000 vs 5.4), according to National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) data. The highest rates were in mining, agriculture, and construction. Compared with younger workers, older men were at an elevated risk for fatalities caused by machines, and older women for fatal falls and homicide. Prevention efforts should focus on older workers in agricultural settings, as well as those at increased risk of workplace falls or violence. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Kisner, S M AU - Pratt, S G AD - Surv. and Field Invest. Branch, Div. Safety Res., ALOSH, NIOSH, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 715 EP - 721 VL - 39 IS - 8 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - elderly KW - falls KW - homicide KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - occupational safety KW - mining KW - machinery KW - agriculture KW - statistical analysis KW - historical account KW - construction industry KW - USA KW - mortality KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16118210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+fatalities+among+older+workers+in+the+United+States%3A+1980-1991&rft.au=Kisner%2C+S+M%3BPratt%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Kisner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; occupational safety; mortality; historical account; machinery; statistical analysis; mining; agriculture; construction industry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2',3'-Dideoxyinosine inhibits the humoral immune response in female B6C3F1 mice by targeting the B lymphocyte AN - 16111819; 4205093 AB - 2',3'-Dideoxyinosine (ddI) is a purine nucleoside analog currently being used for the treatment of HIV-positive individuals and patients with AIDS. Preliminary immunotoxicity studies have shown that a consequence of ddI treatment in female B6C3F1 mice is the inhibition of the humoral immune response. This effect was dose dependent in a range of 100 to 1000 mg/kg with a no observed adverse effect level of less than 100 mg/kg for a 28-day treatment period. These studies were undertaken to investigate the immune cell target of ddI and to determine the mechanism of this toxicity. B6C3F1 mice were treated with 1000 mg/kg/day by oral gavage for 28 days. The B lymphocyte was identified as the cellular target of ddI through separation-reconstitution experiments of the adherent and nonadherent cell populations and of the T and B lymphocyte populations. These studies revealed a deficit in the ability of the nonadherent cells from ddI-treated mice to mount a normal antibody response to sRBC. A further separation of the nonadherent cells into T and B cells revealed a decreased ability of ddI-treated B cells to develop specific humoral immunity. Additional studies were undertaken to determine the mechanism by which ddI is affecting the B cell. Surface marker analysis of splenocytes revealed no difference in the cell populations between vehicle- and ddI-treated mice. B cell proliferation was also unaffected as shown by incubation with either a polyclonal stimulator, lipopolysaccharide, or anti-IgM plus IL-4. These results indicate that the primary cellular target of ddI is the B lymphocyte. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Phillips, KE AU - Munson, A E AD - Natl. Inst. for Occup. Safety and Health (NIOSH), 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 260 EP - 267 VL - 145 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - 2,'3'-dideoxyinosine KW - mice KW - females KW - didanosine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - immunosuppression KW - immune response (humoral) KW - lymphocytes B KW - X 24115:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16111819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=2%27%2C3%27-Dideoxyinosine+inhibits+the+humoral+immune+response+in+female+B6C3F1+mice+by+targeting+the+B+lymphocyte&rft.au=Phillips%2C+KE%3BMunson%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immune response (humoral); lymphocytes B; immunosuppression ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prior antimicrobials and staphylococcal bacteremia in HIV-infected patients AN - 16048245; 4098530 AB - Objective: Many drugs used for prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in AIDS also have activity against common bacteria. This study was performed to delineate relationships between prior use of antimicrobials and Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Design: To compare prior exposure to selected antimicrobial drugs in patients who had S. aureus bacteremia and in controls who did not, a nested case-control study was conducted within a cohort of HIV-infected persons followed in an outpatient clinic. Methods: Using a computerized database based on HIV clinic records, 48 cases with S. aureus bacteremia were compared against 188 controls selected from patients with CD4 cell counts < 200 x 10 super(6)/l. Information on demographic risk factors and antimicrobial drug use was analyzed using conditional logistic regression. Results: Injecting drug use was strongly associated with S. aureus bacteremia. Rifabutin use was associated with decreased risk of S. aureus bacteremia [conditional relative risk (RR) 0.308, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.096-0.991] in univariate analysis, near statistical significance in multivariate analysis (RR 0.314, 95% CI 0.096-1.023). The bacteremias were not significantly associated with use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, quinolones, newer macrolides (azithromycin and clarithromycin), clindamycin or dapsone. Conclusions: Rifabutin may be associated with diminished risk of S. aureus bacteremia incidental to use for other purposes in HIV infection. Further study is needed to assess effects on microbial resistance. JF - AIDS AU - Styrt, BA AU - Chaisson, R E AU - Moore, R D AD - FDA HFD-530, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 1243 EP - 1248 VL - 11 IS - 10 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - infection KW - chemoprophylaxis KW - rifabutin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - data banks KW - human immunodeficiency virus KW - bacteremia KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16048245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS&rft.atitle=Prior+antimicrobials+and+staphylococcal+bacteremia+in+HIV-infected+patients&rft.au=Styrt%2C+BA%3BChaisson%2C+R+E%3BMoore%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Styrt&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - human immunodeficiency virus; Staphylococcus aureus; bacteremia; data banks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunochemical, super(32)P-postlabeling, and GC/MS detection of 4-aminobiphenyl-DNA adducts in human peripheral lung in relation to metabolic activation pathways involving pulmonary N-oxidation, conjugation, and peroxidation AN - 16035776; 4089477 AB - 4-Aminobiphenyl (ABP) is a recognized human bladder carcinogen, whose presence in cigarette smoke results in DNA adduct formation in the human urothelium. Since preliminary studies indicated that even higher levels of ABP-DNA adducts may be present in human peripheral lung, we utilized a sensitive immunochemical assay, in combination with 32P-postlabeling, to quantify the major 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP)-DNA adduct, N-(guan-8-yl)-ABP, in surgical samples of peripheral lung tissue from smokers and ex-smokers. No differences in adduct levels were detected between smokers and ex-smokers by immunoassay. In contrast, the 32P-postlabeling method showed statistically significant differences between adduct levels in smokers and ex-smokers; however, a relatively high background of smoking-related adducts chromatograph near the major ABP adducts and may compromise estimation of the level of ABP-DNA adducts in smokers. Furthermore, the levels measured by 32P-postlabeling were 20- to 60-fold lower than that measured by immunoassay. Since 32P-postlabeling may underestimate and immunochemical assays may overestimate adduct levels in the lung, selected samples were also evaluated by GC/MS. The immunochemical and GC/MS data were concordant, leading us to conclude that N-(guan-8-yl)-ABP adducts were not related to smoking status. Since ABP-DNA adduct levels in human lung did not correlate with smoking status as measured by immunoassay and GC/MS, the metabolic activation capacity of human lung microsomes and cytosols was examined to determine if another exposure (e.g., 4-nitrobiphenyl) might be responsible for the adduct. The rates of microsomal ABP N-oxidation were below the limit of detection, which was consistent with a lack of detectable cytochrome P4501A2 in human lung. N-Hydroxy-ABP O-acetyltransferase (but not sulfotransferase) activity was detected in cytosols and comparative measurements of N-acetyltransferase (NAT) using p-aminobenzoic acid and sulfamethazine indicated that NAT1 and NAT2 contributed to this activity. 4-Nitrobiphenyl reductase activity was found in lung microsomes and cytosols, with the reaction yielding ABP and N-hydroxy-ABP. Lung microsomes also demonstrated high peroxidative activation of ABP, benzidine, 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline), 2-aminofluorene, and 2-naphthylamine. The preferred co-oxidant was hydrogen peroxide and the reaction was strongly inhibited by sodium azide but not by indomethacin or eicosatetraynoic acid, which suggested the primary involvement of myeloperoxidase rather than prostaglandin H synthase or lipoxygenase. This was confirmed by immunoinhibition and immunoprecipitation studies using solubilized human lung microsomes and antisera specific for myeloperoxidase. These data suggest that ABP-DNA adducts in human lung result from some environmental exposure to 4-nitrobiphenyl. The bioactivation pathways appear to involve: (1) metabolic reduction to N-hydroxy-ABP and subsequent O-acetylation by NAT1 and/or NAT2; and (2) metabolic reduction to ABP and subsequent peroxidation by myeloperoxidase. The myeloperoxidase activity appears to be the highest peroxidase activity measured in mammalian tissue and is consistent with the presence of neutrophils and polymorphonuclear leukocytes surrounding particulate matter derived from cigarette smoking. JF - Mutation Research AU - Culp, S J AU - Roberts, D W AU - Talaska, G AU - Lang, N P AU - Fu, P P AU - Lay, JO Jr AU - Teitel, CH AU - Snawder, JE AU - Von Tungeln, LS AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research (HFT-100), Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1997/08// PY - 1997 DA - Aug 1997 SP - 97 EP - 112 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 378 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - lung KW - cigarette smoking KW - radioactive labelling KW - 4-aminobiphenyl KW - phosphorus-32 KW - p-nitrobiphenyl KW - myeloperoxidase KW - p-biphenylamine KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - DNA adducts KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16035776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Immunochemical%2C+super%2832%29P-postlabeling%2C+and+GC%2FMS+detection+of+4-aminobiphenyl-DNA+adducts+in+human+peripheral+lung+in+relation+to+metabolic+activation+pathways+involving+pulmonary+N-oxidation%2C+conjugation%2C+and+peroxidation&rft.au=Culp%2C+S+J%3BRoberts%2C+D+W%3BTalaska%2C+G%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BFu%2C+P+P%3BLay%2C+JO+Jr%3BTeitel%2C+CH%3BSnawder%2C+JE%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+LS%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Culp&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.volume=378&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA adducts; lung; cigarette smoking; radioactive labelling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of youth substance use: the impact of methodological differences between two national surveys. AN - 79245082; 9279494 AB - This study compared two major Federally sponsored surveys of adolescent substance use and assessed the impact that methodological differences have on the prevalence estimates they generate. The Monitoring the Future Survey, a school-based survey, was compared to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, a household survey of the population aged 12 years and older. Response rates were higher in the household survey due to high rates of refusal in the school based survey. The school survey has a larger overall sample size, but sampling errors more similar than one might expect, because of the larger design effects in the school survey. Rates of drug use obtained were larger in the school survey than in the household survey, possibly because of greater under-reporting in the household setting than in the classroom and the different questionnaires used in the two surveys. JF - Drug and alcohol dependence AU - Gfroerer, J AU - Wright, D AU - Kopstein, A AD - Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1997/07/25/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jul 25 SP - 19 EP - 30 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0376-8716, 0376-8716 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Sampling Studies KW - Incidence KW - Data Collection KW - Child KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79245082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+alcohol+dependence&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+youth+substance+use%3A+the+impact+of+methodological+differences+between+two+national+surveys.&rft.au=Gfroerer%2C+J%3BWright%2C+D%3BKopstein%2C+A&rft.aulast=Gfroerer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-25&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+alcohol+dependence&rft.issn=03768716&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increase in levels of total free fatty acids in rat brain regions following 3-nitropropionic acid administration. AN - 79237408; 9272695 AB - Acute exposure to a neurotoxin, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), in rats results in an increase in total free fatty acid (FFA) concentration in selective brain regions. We investigated the effect of 3-NPA administration on the cerebral concentrations of FFA used as a marker of oxidative stress. Rats (n = 3/group) were dosed subcutaneously (s.c.) either with a vehicle (phosphate buffer) or 3-NPA in phosphate buffer at 30 mg/kg body weight. Animals were sacrificed after 1, 2, 3, and 6 h of injection. Brains were then dissected into frontal cortex (FC), caudate nucleus (CN), and hippocampus (HIP). The concentration of total FFA increased from 130 to 300% within 1-2 h after 3-NPA injection in all brain regions when compared with the baseline level obtained from the control rats and taken as 100%. In CN, FFA returned to the baseline level within 3 h of treatment. However, in FC and HIP the concentration of FFA remained significantly elevated above the baseline until 6 h. The released FFA provide a substrate for free radicals formation. The results of this study suggest a role of oxidative stress in the mechanism of 3-NPA toxicity. JF - Neuroscience letters AU - Binienda, Z AU - Kim, C S AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. zbinienda.nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/07/25/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jul 25 SP - 199 EP - 201 VL - 230 IS - 3 SN - 0304-3940, 0304-3940 KW - Antihypertensive Agents KW - 0 KW - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified KW - Neurotoxins KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Propionates KW - 3-nitropropionic acid KW - QY4L0FOX0D KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - Neurotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Propionates -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Antihypertensive Agents -- pharmacology KW - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79237408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+letters&rft.atitle=Increase+in+levels+of+total+free+fatty+acids+in+rat+brain+regions+following+3-nitropropionic+acid+administration.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Z%3BKim%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1997-07-25&rft.volume=230&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience+letters&rft.issn=03043940&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid method for the determination of ampicillin residues in animal muscle tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AN - 79183309; 9252055 AB - A rapid and sensitive HPLC method was developed for the determination of ampicillin residues in muscle tissues of beef, pork, chicken and catfish. Muscle tissues were blended with a food processor into paste. A 5-g aliquot of the blended tissues was homogenized with 14 ml of 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 4.5) using a tissue homogenizer. Proteins were precipitated with the addition of 1 ml trichloroacetic acid (75%, w/v) followed by centrifugation. After filtration, 1 ml of the supernatant was reacted with formaldehyde under acidic and heating conditions. The ampicillin fluorescent derivative was then analyzed by reverse phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. Recoveries of spiked ampicillin at 5, 10 and 20 ng/g were >85%, with coefficients of variation <5%. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for ampicillin in the tissues were 0.6 ng/g and 1.5 ng/g, respectively. The method is also applicable to the analysis of ampicillin residue in dry milk powder. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications AU - Luo, W AU - Ang, C Y AU - Thompson, H C AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1997/07/04/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jul 04 SP - 401 EP - 407 VL - 694 IS - 2 SN - 1387-2273, 1387-2273 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Ampicillin KW - 7C782967RD KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Catfishes KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Muscles -- chemistry KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Ampicillin -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79183309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.atitle=Rapid+method+for+the+determination+of+ampicillin+residues+in+animal+muscle+tissues+by+high-performance+liquid+chromatography+with+fluorescence+detection.&rft.au=Luo%2C+W%3BAng%2C+C+Y%3BThompson%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Luo&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-07-04&rft.volume=694&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.issn=13872273&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-19 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical properties of estimates of signal-to-noise ratio and number of scatterers per resolution cell. AN - 85240388; pmid-9228823 AB - Elementary theory underlying the relationship between the number of scatterers per resolution cell (N) and echo intensity signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is reviewed. A relationship between the probability density functions for estimates of N and SNR2 is derived. This relationship is validated using a computer simulation. Phantom and in vitro experiments are described. In one set of experiments on phantoms, empirical distributions of estimates of N and SNR2 are measured and compared to theoretical predictions. The utility of SNR2 for discrimination of phantoms with different values for N is assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. In another set of experiments, the frequency dependence of the SNR2 estimate is investigated for a two-component phantom and for excised dog kidney. It is shown that the frequency dependence of the SNR can help to identify the presence of two or more scattering components that are spatially mixed. With regard to kidney data, measurements performed both parallel and perpendicular to the predominant nephron orientation are reported. The observed anisotropy is compared to the anisotropy of backscatter coefficient encountered in previous investigations. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Wear, K A AU - Wagner, R F AU - Brown, D G AU - Insana, M F AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 635 EP - 641 VL - 102 IS - 1 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Nephrons KW - Computer Simulation KW - In Vitro KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Animal KW - Dogs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85240388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Gender+and+Alcoholic+Subtypes&rft.au=Del+Boca%2C+Frances+K%3BHesselbrock%2C+Michie+N&rft.aulast=Del+Boca&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary assessment of potential health hazards associated with barium leached from glazed ceramicware. AN - 79325954; 9328533 AB - Ceramic glazes contain several elements which have the potential to leach into food or beverages that are held or stored in ceramicware. Recently, barium salts have been investigated as one of the alternatives to lead in frit formulations for glazes. This preliminary evaluation addresses the potential health hazards associated with barium at levels that might leach from glazed ceramicware. A set of specialty ceramicware, consisting of five teacups and a pitcher, was examined for extractable barium. Exposure to barium that adults (18-44 years) might encounter using the vessels for coffee, tea, or orange juice was estimated. The exposure estimate was derived from values for intakes of the beverages and for the barium migration from glazed ceramicware test samples. An established reference dose (RfD) for barium exposure for the critical effect of hypertension was identified. The potential hazard associated with the leaching of barium from glazed ceramicware varied with the level of use. Consuming beverages in amounts up to the 95th percentile would not result in total barium intake in amounts that exceed the RfD; consuming large quantities (> 95th percentile) of beverages such as tea or coffee from glazed vessels might. This suggests that for a small portion of the population of users, intake of barium may be in quantities that warrant further consideration as a potential health hazard. Analyses of a broad sample of ceramicware and study of barium leaching behaviour under actual use conditions are needed to assess further the significance of these findings. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Assimon, S A AU - Adams, M A AU - Jacobs, R M AU - Bolger, P M AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 483 EP - 490 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Barium KW - 24GP945V5T KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Hypertension -- chemically induced KW - Beverages KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Barium -- adverse effects KW - Food Contamination KW - Barium -- analysis KW - Cooking and Eating Utensils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79325954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Preliminary+assessment+of+potential+health+hazards+associated+with+barium+leached+from+glazed+ceramicware.&rft.au=Assimon%2C+S+A%3BAdams%2C+M+A%3BJacobs%2C+R+M%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Assimon&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Migration of residual contaminants from secondary recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) into food-simulating solvents, aqueous ethanol and heptane. AN - 79325439; 9328534 AB - This study measured the migration of benzene, butyric acid, dodecane, octadecane, tetracosane, diazinon, lindane, and copper (II) ethyl hexonate from poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PETE) sheets into the food simulants, 8% ethanol/water and n-heptane. The contaminated PETE sheets were extruded from PETE chips that had been previously contaminated but were washed, dried, and remelted. The level of these contaminants remaining in the extruded sheets ranged from benzene at 0.6 mg/kg to copper salt at 24 mg/kg. The extraction data demonstrate that migration of the residual contaminants from the extruded PETE sheets resulted in concentrations lower than 10 micrograms/kg in the food simulants. At very high residual concentrations of butryic acid (147 mg/kg) and benzene (218 mg/kg) in sheets made from unwashed PETE, higher amounts of the contaminant migrated into the food simulants. This migration resulted in contaminant concentrations exceeding 10 micrograms/kg and suggests that unwashed recycled PETE may not comply with FDA requirements. The crystallinity of extruded PETE sheets in this study ranged from 5 to 15%, which is lower than that of most commercial PETE (30%). Therefore, the migration data obtained from these test samples represent the most severe conditions for conservative exposure evaluations. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Komolprasert, V AU - Lawson, A R AU - Begley, T H AD - Division of Food Processing and Packaging, Food and Drug Administration, Summit-Argo, Illinois 60501, USA. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 491 EP - 498 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Alkanes KW - 0 KW - Butyrates KW - Polyethylene Terephthalates KW - Lindane KW - 59NEE7PCAB KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Malathion KW - U5N7SU872W KW - Diazinon KW - YUS1M1Q929 KW - Index Medicus KW - Benzene -- analysis KW - Malathion -- analysis KW - Lindane -- analysis KW - Copper -- analysis KW - Butyrates -- analysis KW - Alkanes -- analysis KW - Diazinon -- analysis KW - Time Factors KW - Food Preservation KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79325439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Migration+of+residual+contaminants+from+secondary+recycled+poly%28ethylene+terephthalate%29+into+food-simulating+solvents%2C+aqueous+ethanol+and+heptane.&rft.au=Komolprasert%2C+V%3BLawson%2C+A+R%3BBegley%2C+T+H&rft.aulast=Komolprasert&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro testing of pacemakers for digital cellular phone electromagnetic interference. AN - 79217770; 9262836 JF - Biomedical instrumentation & technology AU - Ruggera, P S AU - Witters, D M AU - Bassen, H I AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 358 EP - 371 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0899-8205, 0899-8205 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phantoms, Imaging KW - Models, Cardiovascular KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Electrocardiography KW - Linear Models KW - Equipment Safety KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Equipment Failure KW - Pacemaker, Artificial KW - Electromagnetic Fields KW - Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Telephone UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79217770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomedical+instrumentation+%26+technology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+testing+of+pacemakers+for+digital+cellular+phone+electromagnetic+interference.&rft.au=Ruggera%2C+P+S%3BWitters%2C+D+M%3BBassen%2C+H+I&rft.aulast=Ruggera&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=358&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomedical+instrumentation+%26+technology&rft.issn=08998205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics and growth of managed behavioral health care firms. AN - 79176536; 9248156 JF - Health affairs (Project Hope) AU - Kihlstrom, L C AD - Center for Mental Health Services Research, University of California, Berkeley, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 127 EP - 130 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0278-2715, 0278-2715 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Mental Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Social Welfare -- economics KW - Humans KW - Forecasting KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- economics KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Cost Control -- trends KW - Mental Disorders -- economics KW - Behavior Therapy -- trends KW - Health Benefit Plans, Employee -- economics KW - Managed Care Programs -- trends KW - Managed Care Programs -- economics KW - Managed Care Programs -- organization & administration KW - Mental Health Services -- economics KW - Behavior Therapy -- economics KW - Health Benefit Plans, Employee -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79176536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+affairs+%28Project+Hope%29&rft.atitle=Characteristics+and+growth+of+managed+behavioral+health+care+firms.&rft.au=Kihlstrom%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Kihlstrom&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+affairs+%28Project+Hope%29&rft.issn=02782715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Covering mental health and substance abuse services. AN - 79174910; 9248155 JF - Health affairs (Project Hope) AU - Buck, J A AU - Umland, B AD - Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 120 EP - 126 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0278-2715, 0278-2715 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Health Benefit Plans, Employee -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Mental Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Health Maintenance Organizations -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Social Welfare -- economics KW - Humans KW - Health Maintenance Organizations -- trends KW - Forecasting KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- economics KW - Health Benefit Plans, Employee -- trends KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Mental Disorders -- economics KW - Mental Health Services -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Insurance Coverage -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Insurance, Psychiatric -- trends KW - Mental Health Services -- economics KW - Insurance, Psychiatric -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Insurance Coverage -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79174910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+affairs+%28Project+Hope%29&rft.atitle=Covering+mental+health+and+substance+abuse+services.&rft.au=Buck%2C+J+A%3BUmland%2C+B&rft.aulast=Buck&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+affairs+%28Project+Hope%29&rft.issn=02782715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Industrial hygiene sampling and applications to ambient silica monitoring. AN - 79172310; 9246591 AB - Interest in ambient exposures to silica has prompted an evaluation of the applicability of the industrial hygiene sampling and analysis experience. Exposure to excessive levels of silica in the workplace has long been recognized as a risk factor for the development of a variety of disabling and sometimes fatal lung diseases. Initial efforts to control occupational exposure to dust were based on reducing exposures as measured by particle-counting techniques. Because silicosis, the disease resulting from exposure to silica, occurs in the lower airways, which can be reached only by small "respirable dust" particles, size selective sampling procedures were introduced for dust monitoring. The analysis of silica in collected dust samples also has undergone development. Initial methods used involved acid digestion of soluble silicates, with subsequent chemical analysis of the insoluble "free silica" fraction. Current methodology relies on the use of X-ray diffraction and infrared technologies to quantify these materials. However, these methods are sensitive to the particle size distribution of the samples. Standard reference materials (SRMs) have been developed for use with respirable size dust samples. Ambient particulate matter is now measured using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sampling methods for particulate matter < or = 10 microns, which approximate the collection efficiency for thoracic fraction samplers. Because the existing calibration SRMs were produced for the measurement of occupational crystalline silica, the need to develop appropriate standards and methods for ambient silica measurements should be evaluated. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Hearl, F J AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. fjh1@cdc.gov PY - 1997 SP - 279 EP - 289 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Occupational Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Silicosis -- prevention & control KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Occupational Exposure -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79172310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Industrial+hygiene+sampling+and+applications+to+ambient+silica+monitoring.&rft.au=Hearl%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Hearl&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring of domestic and imported apples and rice by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration pesticide program. AN - 79166374; 9241850 AB - In 1993-94, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducted a statistically based study of pesticide residues in domestic and imported fresh apples and processed rice. For apples, 769 domestic and 1062 imported samples were collected and analyzed; 85% of the domestic and 86% of the imported samples had detectable residues. Benomyl, a widely used fungicide, was found with greatest frequency in domestic apples, while diphenylamine was found most often in imported apples. One domestic and 4 imported samples contained violative residues of pesticides for which there are no U.S. tolerances on apples. The statistically weighted (by domestic packer throughput or import shipment size) violation rates for domestic and imported apples were 0.30% (0.13 unweighted) and 0.41% (0.38 unweighted), respectively. For rice, 598 domestic and 612 imported samples were collected and analyzed; 56% of the domestic and 12% of the imported samples had detectable residues. Malathion had the greatest frequency of occurrence in both groups of rice. Eight domestic and 9 imported samples were violative, all as a result of use of pesticides for which there are no U.S. tolerances on rice. The statistically weighted violation rates for domestic and imported rice were 0.43% (1.3 unweighted) and 1.1% (1.5 unweighted), respectively. Results of the statistically based study show that, as in FDA's regulatory monitoring, the levels of most pesticide residues found in these 2 commodities are generally well below U.S. tolerances, and few violative residues are found. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Roy, R R AU - Wilson, P AU - Laski, R R AU - Roberts, J I AU - Weishaar, J A AU - Bong, R L AU - Yess, N J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Field Programs, Division of Field Program Planning and Evaluation, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 883 EP - 894 VL - 80 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Diphenylamine KW - 9N3CBB0BIQ KW - Benomyl KW - TLW21058F5 KW - Malathion KW - U5N7SU872W KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Malathion -- analysis KW - Benomyl -- metabolism KW - Food Contamination KW - Benomyl -- analysis KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Sample Size KW - Diphenylamine -- analysis KW - Malathion -- metabolism KW - Diphenylamine -- metabolism KW - Food Analysis KW - Oryza -- metabolism KW - Oryza -- chemistry KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Fruit -- metabolism KW - Pesticide Residues -- metabolism KW - Fruit -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79166374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Monitoring+of+domestic+and+imported+apples+and+rice+by+the+U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+pesticide+program.&rft.au=Roy%2C+R+R%3BWilson%2C+P%3BLaski%2C+R+R%3BRoberts%2C+J+I%3BWeishaar%2C+J+A%3BBong%2C+R+L%3BYess%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of sulfonamides in edible salmon tissue by liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection. AN - 79160075; 9241840 AB - Fourteen sulfonamides-sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfadoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfaquinoxoline-residues of which could be found in aquacultured species, were separated in < 25 min by reversed-phase (C18) liquid chromatography (LC) with gradient elution. Analytes were extracted from edible salmon tissue (muscle and adhering skin) with acetonitrile-2% aqueous acetic acid, isolated with 2 liquid-liquid partitionings, and derivatized with fluorescamine after eluting from the column. The derivatives were detected by fluorescence. Recoveries (n = 4) from coho salmon fortified with sulfonamides at 5, 10, and 20 ng/g tissue averaged 79.7 +/- 7.3, 84.6 +/- 7.7, and 88.2 +/- 7.1%, respectively. Limits of quantitation were 5 ng/g tissue, for sulfanilamide, sulfamethoxypyridazine, and sulfaquinoxoline and 1 ng/g tissue for the remaining sulfonamides. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Gehring, T A AU - Rushing, L G AU - Thompson, H C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Chemistry, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 751 EP - 755 VL - 80 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Acetonitriles KW - 0 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - Sulfonamides KW - Acetic Acid KW - Q40Q9N063P KW - acetonitrile KW - Z072SB282N KW - Index Medicus KW - Acetonitriles -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Acetic Acid -- chemistry KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Reference Standards KW - Muscles -- metabolism KW - Food Contamination KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Oncorhynchus kisutch KW - Sulfonamides -- metabolism KW - Sulfonamides -- analysis KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- metabolism KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- analysis KW - Sulfonamides -- isolation & purification KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- isolation & purification KW - Drug Residues -- metabolism KW - Fish Products -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79160075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+sulfonamides+in+edible+salmon+tissue+by+liquid+chromatography+with+postcolumn+derivatization+and+fluorescence+detection.&rft.au=Gehring%2C+T+A%3BRushing%2C+L+G%3BThompson%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Gehring&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of intracellular calcium in antimony-induced toxicity in cultured cardiac myocytes. AN - 79133466; 9221838 AB - Trivalent antimony, delivered as potassium antimonyl tartrate (PAT), has been previously shown to induce an oxidative stress and toxicity in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. The present study investigates the effect of PAT on intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i), which has been implicated in the toxicity of agents inducing oxidative stress, and explores its role in PAT toxicity. Exposure to 50 or 200 microM PAT led to progressive elevation in diastolic or resting [Ca2+]i and eventually a complete loss of [Ca2+]i transients that occurred well before cell death as assessed by LDH release. Prior loading of myocytes with the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA (10 to 40 microM), protected against PAT toxicity in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium, and demonstrated a crucial role for [Ca2+]i in PAT toxicity. Exposure to 200 microM PAT in the absence of extracellular calcium slightly elevated [Ca2+]i, but only to levels comparable to resting [Ca2+]i for cells in 1.8 mM extracellular calcium. This demonstrated that although PAT toxicity was dependent on [Ca2+]i, a large increase above resting levels was not needed, and also that some calcium was mobilized from intracellular stores. However, the caffeine-releasable pool of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium was increased, not depleted, by exposure to 200 microM PAT. These results demonstrate that PAT disrupts [Ca2+]i handling and support a role for a calcium-dependent event, but do not support the necessity of events in PAT-induced cell death that are mediated by a large elevation in [Ca2+]i. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Wey, H E AU - Richards, D AU - Tirmenstein, M A AU - Mathias, P I AU - Toraason, M AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 202 EP - 210 VL - 145 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants KW - 0 KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Antimony Potassium Tartrate KW - DL6OZ476V3 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- pharmacology KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Sarcoplasmic Reticulum -- metabolism KW - Sarcoplasmic Reticulum -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Caffeine -- pharmacology KW - Cell Death -- drug effects KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Myocardium -- cytology KW - Myocardium -- enzymology KW - Antimony Potassium Tartrate -- toxicity KW - Heart -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79133466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=The+role+of+intracellular+calcium+in+antimony-induced+toxicity+in+cultured+cardiac+myocytes.&rft.au=Wey%2C+H+E%3BRichards%2C+D%3BTirmenstein%2C+M+A%3BMathias%2C+P+I%3BToraason%2C+M&rft.aulast=Wey&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychosocial risk factors associated with cocaine use during pregnancy: a case-control study. AN - 79109509; 9207829 AB - To investigate whether psychosocial risk factors predict cocaine use during pregnancy. We sampled 229 pregnant women from an urban prenatal clinic. Drug use ascertainment was based on self-report and urine toxicology, with 102 subjects classified as drug users and 127 as nonusers. A questionnaire measuring seven psychosocial risk factors was administered. The predictive relation between these characteristics and drug use was ascertained through multivariate analyses, controlling for potential sociodemographic confounders. Six of the seven psychosocial risk factors were significant predictors for this sociodemographic group. Women who used cocaine during pregnancy were more likely to have a family history of alcohol or drug problems, to have been introduced to drugs by a male partner, to be depressed, to have less social support, to have current partners who were substance users, and to have less-stable living situations. Both groups of subjects had high rates of childhood sexual abuse, but this alone was not predictive of drug use. In addition, cigarette smoking was a strong predictor of illicit drug use. Identification of multiple psychosocial risk factors has implications for the identification and treatment of substance-using pregnant women. Because cocaine users and nonusers did not differ in gestational age at entry into prenatal care, opportunities exist for intervention during pregnancy. Based on the study findings, evaluation of the following aspects of a patient's lifestyle can aid in the detection of cocaine use during pregnancy: smoking status, family history of alcohol or drug problems, and current drug use by a male partner. JF - Obstetrics and gynecology AU - Hutchins, E AU - DiPietro, J AD - Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA. ehutchins@hrsa.dhhs.gov Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 142 EP - 147 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0029-7844, 0029-7844 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Sociology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Social Support KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79109509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.atitle=Psychosocial+risk+factors+associated+with+cocaine+use+during+pregnancy%3A+a+case-control+study.&rft.au=Hutchins%2C+E%3BDiPietro%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hutchins&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.issn=00297844&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-31 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Machinery-related fatalities in the construction industry. AN - 78983252; 9131211 AB - The National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system identified machinery-related incidents as the fourth leading cause of traumatic occupational fatalities in the U.S. construction industry between 1980 and 1992, resulting in 1,901 deaths and 2.13 deaths per 100,000 workers. Fatality rates declined 50% over the study period. Workers in three occupation divisions-precision production, craft, and repair; transportation and material moving; and handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers-had both the highest frequency and rate of fatalities. Cranes, excavating machinery, and tractors were the machines most frequently involved. The most common incident types were: struck by a mobile machine; overturn; and struck by a boom. Further delineation of groups at highest risk for machinery-related injuries is complicated by a lack of data on exposure to machinery. The findings suggest that injury prevention programs should focus not only on machine operators, but on those who work on foot around machines. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Pratt, S G AU - Kisner, S M AU - Moore, P H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. SGP2@NIOSR1.EM.CDC.GOV Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - July 1997 SP - 42 EP - 50 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Facility Design and Construction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78983252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Machinery-related+fatalities+in+the+construction+industry.&rft.au=Pratt%2C+S+G%3BKisner%2C+S+M%3BMoore%2C+P+H&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breast-Feeding Exposure of Infants To Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury: a Public Health Viewpoint AN - 760214906; 13641708 AB - The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the public health implications of exposure via breast milk to cadmium, lead, and mercury for nursing infants and to provide health-based guidance. Daily intakes were calculated and compared with guidance values used for public health assessments at hazardous waste sites. Cadmium, lead, and mercury under normal conditions are found in breast milk at concentration ranges of < 1 kg/L, 2-5 kg/L, and 1.4-1.7 kg/L, respectively. Women exposed environmentally or occupationally can have higher levels in their breast milk. Concentrations of about 5 kg/L (cadmium), 20 kg/L (lead), and 3.5 kg/L (mercury) appear to be adequate screening levels. Many factors affect both the distribution of cadmium, lead, and mercury in breast milk and the health consequences to an infant. It is not clear what additional impact low-level exposure via breast milk may have on an infant born with a body burden to one of these metals. There is sufficient evidence to make the case that contaminated breast milk is a source of potential risk to infants in certain populations. Prevention strategies that include behavior modification and proper nutrition should be communicated to women at risk. Identification and elimination of exposure pathways and a critical analysis of the benefits of breast feeding versus heavy metal exposure are needed on a site-specific or individual basis. Research is required to better understand the impact of low-level exposure to heavy metals via breast milk. Breastfeeding should be encouraged under most circumstances. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Abadin, Henry G AU - Hibbs, Beth F AU - Pohl, Hana R AD - Division of Toxicology Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Public Health Service U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 495 EP - 517 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - breast feeding KW - Metals KW - Heavy metals KW - Breast milk KW - Nutrition KW - Lead KW - breast milk KW - Public health KW - Behavior modification KW - Reviews KW - Nursing KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Mercury KW - Breast feeding KW - Cadmium KW - heavy metals KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Infants KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760214906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Breast-Feeding+Exposure+of+Infants+To+Cadmium%2C+Lead%2C+and+Mercury%3A+a+Public+Health+Viewpoint&rft.au=Abadin%2C+Henry+G%3BHibbs%2C+Beth+F%3BPohl%2C+Hana+R&rft.aulast=Abadin&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379701300403 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 129 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heavy metals; Breast milk; Nutrition; Lead; Public health; Behavior modification; Nursing; Reviews; Waste disposal sites; Mercury; Cadmium; Breast feeding; Infants; breast feeding; Metals; Hazardous wastes; heavy metals; breast milk DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379701300403 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A risk assessment for methylmercury in tuna AN - 755136135; 13635131 AB - An analysis of the risk of a developmental delay or neurological impairment in children as a result of exposure to McHg from tuna consumption was conducted. Data used as a basis for the analyses were obtained from surveys of tuna intake, McHg concentrations in tuna, McHg levels in the blood of pregnant women, individual relationships between dietary intake and blood levels. individual relationships between blood levels and hair levels, and individual relationships between hair levels and indices of behavioral and neurological performance. Causal or associational relationships, population variability, and uncertainty were modeled for the six data sets. Two predictive models were constructed using the model components. The first was designed to predict the risk of a delay in the onset of talking in a child of a mother who frequently consumes tuna (90 g-day super(-1)). This model uses a one-dimensional Monte-Carlo simulation to assimilate the uncertainties. An average delay of 3-4 days was estimated. The second model was designed to compare the impact of several regulatory options on the risk among the population of tuna-eaters using a scale of central nervous system dysfunction expressly constructed for the assessment. A two-dimensional Monte-Carlo simulation was used to assimilate the distributional components describing population variability and uncertainty. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Carrington, C D AU - Cramer, G M AU - Bolger, P M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St SW, HFS-303, 20204, Washington, DC Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 273 EP - 283 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 97 IS - 3-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Prediction KW - Thunnus KW - Central nervous system KW - Risks KW - Marine fish KW - Fishery surveys KW - neurological complications KW - Diets KW - Marine KW - Methylmercury KW - Methyl mercury KW - Simulation KW - Soil contamination KW - Children KW - Ingestion KW - Tuna fisheries KW - Hair KW - Pregnancy KW - Blood levels KW - Air pollution KW - prediction models KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - O 4080:Pollution - Control and Prevention KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755136135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=A+risk+assessment+for+methylmercury+in+tuna&rft.au=Carrington%2C+C+D%3BCramer%2C+G+M%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02407466 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Air pollution; Marine fish; Methyl mercury; Central nervous system; Fishery surveys; Simulation; Tuna fisheries; Risks; Monte Carlo simulation; Diets; Risk assessment; Methylmercury; Soil contamination; Ingestion; Children; Hair; Blood levels; Pregnancy; prediction models; neurological complications; Thunnus; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407466 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra in mouse macrophages AN - 16239355; 4226151 AB - Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra were derived from the same parental strain but differ strikingly in their virulence for experimental animals. Transfer of genetic material between these closely related strains resulted in the isolation of a number of recombinant H37Ra clones bearing the in vivo growth-promoting ivg locus of H37Rv. The recombinant strain was phagocytosed by murine peritoneal macrophages infected in vivo or in vitro and their intracellular growth rates were compared with the vector control. The intracellular growth of the recombinant was significantly faster than the vector control, but substantially slower than the wild-type H37Rv control, regardless of the method used to infect the macrophages. The slower intracellular growth observed for the recombinant strains was not due to a genetically induced metabolic defect, since they grew in synthetic liquid medium at rates equal to those observed for both H37Rv and H37Ra. Peritoneal macrophage monolayers provide a rapid and convenient assay by which to screen H37Ra recombinants for the presence of putative virulence genes. JF - Clinical and Experimental Immunology AU - Falcone, V AU - Collins, F AD - Laboratory of Mycobacteria, CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 80 EP - 83 VL - 109 IS - 1 SN - 0009-9104, 0009-9104 KW - Macrophages KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06764:Function UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16239355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Experimental+Immunology&rft.atitle=Growth+of+recombinant+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+H37Ra+in+mouse+macrophages&rft.au=Falcone%2C+V%3BCollins%2C+F&rft.aulast=Falcone&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Experimental+Immunology&rft.issn=00099104&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhalation of toluene diisocyanate is associated with increased production of nitric oxide by rat bronchoalveolar lavage cells AN - 16100748; 4206001 AB - Isocyanates are used commercially, particularly in the manufacture of polyurethane coatings and foam. These compounds can pose an occupational health hazard since there is a risk of respiratory disease following isocyanate exposure. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether a single, sublethal isocyanate inhalation is associated with increased production of the free radical nitric oxide (NO). Mature male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to air or toluene diisocyanate (TDI; 2 ppm) for 4 hr. Indices of pulmonary function were assessed before and after exposure to TDI fumes. At 20 hr postexposure, bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BALC) and fluid were harvested. NO synthase (NOS)-dependent reactive species production by alveolar macrophages was assessed by determining N omega -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-inhibitable chemiluminescence following stimulation with unopsonized zymosan. Northern blot analysis was used to index inducible NOS mRNA levels in BALC, while nitrite and nitrate (NO sub(x)) levels were measured to determine NO sub(x) levels in the lavage fluid and the production of NO by cultured adherent BALC was indexed by measuring nitrite levels. Exposure to aerosolized TDI was associated with an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage, relative to that from air-exposed rats. NO sub(x) levels in the lavage fluid and NOS-dependent production of reactive species by alveolar macrophages were increased following TDI exposure. In addition, inducible NO production by BALC (i.e., mRNA levels and nitrite levels in BALC conditioned media) was elevated following TDI treatment. These findings indicate that pulmonary inflammatory responses induced by TDI exposure are associated with increases in inducible NO production. Therefore, the potential role of NO in the initial pulmonary response to TDI exposure warrants further investigation. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Huffman, L J AU - Judy, D J AU - Frazer, D AU - Shapiro, R E AU - Castranova, V AU - Billie, M AU - Dedhia, H V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 61 EP - 67 VL - 145 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - rats KW - nitric oxide KW - toluene 2,4-diisocyanate KW - bronchoalveolar lavage KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - inhalation KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16100748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Inhalation+of+toluene+diisocyanate+is+associated+with+increased+production+of+nitric+oxide+by+rat+bronchoalveolar+lavage+cells&rft.au=Huffman%2C+L+J%3BJudy%2C+D+J%3BFrazer%2C+D%3BShapiro%2C+R+E%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BBillie%2C+M%3BDedhia%2C+H+V&rft.aulast=Huffman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - inhalation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid purification of an active recombinant His-tagged 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida OU83 AN - 16022617; 4089112 AB - 2,3-Dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (2,3-DBPD) is an extradiol-type dioxygenase that catalyzes the aromatic ring fission of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl, the third step in the biphenyl degradation pathway. The nucleotide sequence of the Pseudomonas putida OU83 gene bphC, which encodes 2,3-DBPD, was cloned into a plasmid pQE31. The His-tagged 2,3-DBPD produced by a recombinant Escherichia coli strain, SG13009(pREP4)(pAKC1), and purified with a Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid resin affinity column using the His-bind Qiagen system. The His-tagged 2,3-DBPD construction, carrying a single 6 x His tail on the N-terminal of the polypeptide, was active. SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified active 2,3-DBPD gave a single band of 34 kDa; this is in agreement with the size of the bphC coding region. The Km for 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl was 14.5 plus or minus 2 mu M. The enzyme activity was enhanced by ferrous ion but inhibited by ferric ion. The enzyme activity was inhibited by thiol-blocking reagents and heavy metals HgCl2, CuSO4, NiSO4, and CdCl2. The yield was much higher and the time required to purify recombinant 2,3-DBPD from clone pAKC1 was faster than by the conventional chromatography procedures. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Khan, A A AU - Nawaz AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1997/07// PY - 1997 DA - Jul 1997 SP - 23 EP - 29 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 152 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - 2,3-Dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase KW - bphC gene KW - PCB compunds KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biodegradation KW - purification KW - Pseudomonas putida KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16022617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Rapid+purification+of+an+active+recombinant+His-tagged+2%2C3-dihydroxybiphenyl+1%2C2-dioxygenase+from+Pseudomonas+putida+OU83&rft.au=Khan%2C+A+A%3BNawaz%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-07-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas putida; biodegradation; purification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A conserved internal hydrophobic domain mediates the stable membrane integration of the dengue virus capsid protein. AN - 79082767; 9201220 AB - The mature flavivirus capsid protein (virion C) is commonly thought to be free in the cytoplasm of infected cells and to form a nucleocapsid-like complex with genomic RNA in mature virus particles. There is little sequence conservation among flavivirus virion C proteins, but they are similar in size (e.g., 99 amino acids [aa] for the dengue-4 [DEN4] C) and in bearing a net positive charge. In addition, we noted that C contained a conserved internal hydrophobic segment (spanning aa 45-65 in the DEN4 C). Results of in vivo expression and in vitro translation of wt and mutant forms of the DEN4 virion C demonstrated that the conserved internal hydrophobic segment in the DEN C functioned as a membrane anchor domain. Signal peptide function of this segment was also suggested by its requirement for the entry of C into membranes. Virion C was integrated in membranes in a "hairpin" conformation; positively charged segments amino- and carboxy-terminal to the hydrophobic signal-anchor segment were accessible to protease digestion in the "cytoplasm." The net positive charge in the amino-terminal extramembraneous portion of C (aa 1-44) was one determinant of the hairpin membrane orientation; a conserved positively charged residue within the hydrophobic segment (Arg-54 in the DEN4 C) was not. JF - Virology AU - Markoff, L AU - Falgout, B AU - Chang, A AD - Laboratory of Vector-borne Virus Diseases, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1997/06/23/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jun 23 SP - 105 EP - 117 VL - 233 IS - 1 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - Index Medicus KW - Endoplasmic Reticulum -- metabolism KW - Cell Membrane -- virology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis KW - Binding Sites KW - Conserved Sequence KW - Capsid -- genetics KW - Capsid -- metabolism KW - Dengue Virus -- genetics KW - Dengue Virus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79082767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=A+conserved+internal+hydrophobic+domain+mediates+the+stable+membrane+integration+of+the+dengue+virus+capsid+protein.&rft.au=Markoff%2C+L%3BFalgout%2C+B%3BChang%2C+A&rft.aulast=Markoff&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-06-23&rft.volume=233&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Formal and informal kinship care AN - 59772047; 1998-0501790 AB - Examines demographic characteristics of children being cared for by relatives under government funded foster care programs; with comparisons to informal family caregiving arrangements in the absence of parents; US. US Department of Health and Human Services funded research. Based on Current Population Survey Data, 1983-95, and state and city administrative records from California, Illinois, Missouri, and New York State. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, June 20 1997. AU - Harden, Allen W AU - and others Y1 - 1997/06/20/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jun 20 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Child welfare -- United States KW - Foster care -- United States KW - Social service -- Work with children KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Public welfare -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Harden%2C+Allen+W%3Band+others&rft.aulast=Harden&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.date=1997-06-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Formal+and+informal+kinship+care&rft.title=Formal+and+informal+kinship+care&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/hsp/cyp/xskincar.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary restriction modulated carcinogen-DNA adduct formation and the carcinogen-induced DNA strand breaks. AN - 79155083; 9242354 AB - Dietary restriction (DR) alters the activities of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and modulates the formation of carcinogen-DNA adducts in carcinogen treated animals. Our previous results showed that a 40% restriction of diet (60% of ad libitum (AL) food consumption) reduced the hepatic metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) but increased the activation of benzo[a]-pyrene (BaP) in both rats and mice. In this study, the focus was directed toward the levels of carcinogen-DNA adducts formation and the carcinogen-induced DNA strand breaks in mouse kidney and liver DNA. DR significantly inhibited both AFB1-DNA adduct formation and AFB1-induced DNA strand breaks in kidney DNA of mice that received a single dose of [3H]AFB1 (5 mg/kg). The levels of AFB1-DNA adduct formation in mouse kidney DNA correlated well with increased AFB1-induced DNA strand breaks. The correlation between the levels of AFB1-DNA-adducts formed and DNA strand breaks in kidney DNA of DR-mice was less linear than between its AL-counterpart suggesting that other factors, such as different rates of DNA repair, may be involved. In addition, DR enhanced hepatic BaP- and 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC)-DNA adduct formation in the mice treated with BaP and 6-NC, respectively. The formation of the specific BaP-adduct, 10-(N2-deoxyguanosinyl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BaP (N2-dG-BaP), in mouse liver was proportional to the dose, and was compatible to the BaP-induced DNA strand breaks affected by DR. The enhancement of the total 6-NC-DNA adduct formation in DR-mouse was also in correlation with the increased 6-NC-induced DNA strand breaks. The activity of mouse liver microsomal nitro-reductase increased by 2-fold in response to DR indicating that the nitroreduction may contribute to the increase of the metabolic activation of 6-NC. Our present results indicate that the effect of DR on the carcinogen activation is dependent upon the DR-modulated carcinogen metabolizing enzyme activities. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Chou, M W AU - Chen, W AU - Mikhailova, M V AU - Nichols, J AU - Weis, C AU - Jackson, C D AU - Hart, R W AU - Chung, K T AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/06/16/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jun 16 SP - 21 EP - 30 VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Chrysenes KW - DNA Adducts KW - Mutagens KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - 6-nitrochrysene KW - 82ZK83O33Y KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - 1-nitropyrene reductase KW - EC 1.7.- KW - Nitroreductases KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Chrysenes -- toxicity KW - Nitroreductases -- metabolism KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Chrysenes -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Biotransformation KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - Food Deprivation -- physiology KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- toxicity KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79155083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Dietary+restriction+modulated+carcinogen-DNA+adduct+formation+and+the+carcinogen-induced+DNA+strand+breaks.&rft.au=Chou%2C+M+W%3BChen%2C+W%3BMikhailova%2C+M+V%3BNichols%2C+J%3BWeis%2C+C%3BJackson%2C+C+D%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BChung%2C+K+T&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-16&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-20 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies on the relationship between treatment condition and micronucleus induction in V79 cells exposed to silica and glass fibers. AN - 79118419; 9219555 AB - Studies have been carried out to determine the relationship between treatment condition and frequencies of micronucleated cells (MNC) and multinucleated cells (MTC) in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells) exposed to dusts and fibers. Cells were treated with Min-U-Sil 5 silica or Owens Corning AAA-10 glass fibers under three different conditions: 24-h exposure (24E), 24-h exposure followed by 24-h post-incubation in fresh medium (24E-24P), and 48-h exposure (48E). Results showed that the frequency of MNC increased in a concentration-related manner in silica-treated V79 cells only under the condition of 24E-24P. The increase in MNC frequency after 24-h exposure was not concentration-related. No significant increase in MNC was detected in cells sampled after 48-h treatment. The frequencies of MTC in the treatment groups were higher than that in the control group. However, the increase was not statistically significant. Compared with silica, glass fibers were more active for MTC and MNC induction on a mass basis. The highest response was also observed under the condition of 24E-24P. These results indicate that 24-h exposure followed by 24-h post-incubation is a suitable treatment condition for the micronucleus assay on mineral dusts and fibers. JF - Mutation research AU - Zhong, B Z AU - Ong, T AU - Whong, W Z AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1997/06/13/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jun 13 SP - 111 EP - 116 VL - 391 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - fiberglass KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cricetulus KW - Lung KW - Time Factors KW - Cell Line KW - Cricetinae KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Glass UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79118419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Studies+on+the+relationship+between+treatment+condition+and+micronucleus+induction+in+V79+cells+exposed+to+silica+and+glass+fibers.&rft.au=Zhong%2C+B+Z%3BOng%2C+T%3BWhong%2C+W+Z&rft.aulast=Zhong&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-06-13&rft.volume=391&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methamphetamine exposure can produce neuronal degeneration in mouse hippocampal remnants. AN - 79119245; 9219871 AB - Neuronal cell death in hippocampal remnants was seen after methamphetamine (METH) exposure. Two techniques (Fluoro-Jade labeling and argyrophylia) showed that neuronal degeneration occurred in the indusium griseum, tenia tecta and fasciola cinerea within 5 days post-METH exposure in 70% of the mice. Neurodegeneration also occasionally occurred in the piriform cortex, hippocampus and frontal/parietal cortex. This cell death, unlike striatal neurotoxicity, was not dependent on magnitude of hyperthermia occurring but did correlate with behavioral seizure activity during METH exposure. Excitotoxic mechanisms may be underlying the neuronal degeneration since co-administration of phenobarbital blocked cell death. JF - Brain research AU - Schmued, L C AU - Bowyer, J F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1997/06/06/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jun 06 SP - 135 EP - 140 VL - 759 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - 0 KW - Silver KW - 3M4G523W1G KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Index Medicus KW - Seizures -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Limbic System -- drug effects KW - Seizures -- psychology KW - Cell Death KW - Limbic System -- pathology KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Prosencephalon -- drug effects KW - Prosencephalon -- pathology KW - Seizures -- pathology KW - Staining and Labeling KW - Male KW - Nerve Degeneration KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79119245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Methamphetamine+exposure+can+produce+neuronal+degeneration+in+mouse+hippocampal+remnants.&rft.au=Schmued%2C+L+C%3BBowyer%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-06-06&rft.volume=759&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Systemic administration of MPTP induces thalamic neuronal degeneration in mice. AN - 79117012; 9219857 AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a known neurotoxicant primarily selective for catecholaminergic neurons, including those of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, thereby mimicking the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, serial transbrain sectioning, followed by staining with a newly developed fluorochrome (Fluoro-Jade) specific for degenerating neurons, was used to detect additional sites of MPTP-induced neuronal degeneration in mice. Male CD-1 mice received a single 50 mg/kg dose of MPTP intraperitoneally at room temperature or at a reduced temperature (6 degrees C), which has been shown to potentiate striatal dopamine depletion. Neuronal degeneration was observed in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and retrorubral field (RRF) of only animals dosed in the low temperature environment. Neuronal degeneration was also observed in other catecholaminergic nuclei in both treatment groups. In addition, degenerating cell bodies and fibers were detected in the midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei of all dosed animals, regardless of the dosing environment. Pharmacological manipulations which prevented nigral degeneration (deprenyl and nomifensine pretreatment) also prevented the degeneration of thalamic neurons. MK-801 pretreatment, however, resulted in a disproportionate protection of the thalamic neurons. These findings confirm and extend our previous observations regarding the protective effect of hyperthermia in CD-1 mice and also suggest that regions of the thalamus may be relevant to the pathophysiology of PD. JF - Brain research AU - Freyaldenhoven, T E AU - Ali, S F AU - Schmued, L C AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1997/06/06/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jun 06 SP - 9 EP - 17 VL - 759 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - 0 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - Nomifensine KW - 1LGS5JRP31 KW - Selegiline KW - 2K1V7GP655 KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine KW - 9P21XSP91P KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Selegiline -- pharmacology KW - Substantia Nigra -- pathology KW - Temperature KW - Substantia Nigra -- drug effects KW - Nomifensine -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- pharmacology KW - Nerve Degeneration KW - Dopamine Agents -- pharmacology KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -- pharmacology KW - Thalamus -- pathology KW - Thalamus -- drug effects KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -- administration & dosage KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Dopamine Agents -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79117012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Systemic+administration+of+MPTP+induces+thalamic+neuronal+degeneration+in+mice.&rft.au=Freyaldenhoven%2C+T+E%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BSchmued%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Freyaldenhoven&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-06-06&rft.volume=759&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Rx homeobox gene is essential for vertebrate eye development. AN - 79043012; 9177348 AB - Development of the vertebrate eye requires a series of steps including specification of the anterior neural plate, evagination of the optic vesicles from the ventral forebrain, and the cellular differentiation of the lens and retina. Homeobox-containing genes, especially the transcription regulator Pax6, play a critical role in vertebrate and invertebrate eye formation. Mutations in Pax6 function result in eye malformations known as Aniridia in humans and Small eye syndrome in mice. The Drosophila homologue of Pax6, eyeless, is also necessary for correct invertebrate eye development, and its misexpression leads to formation of ectopic eyes in Drosophila. Here we show that a conserved vertebrate homeobox gene, Rx, is essential for normal eye development, and that its misexpression has profound effects on eye morphology. Xenopus embryos injected with synthetic Rx RNA develop ectopic retinal tissue and display hyperproliferation in the neuroretina. Mouse embryos carrying a null allele of this gene do not form optic cups and so do not develop eyes. The Rx gene family plays an important role in the establishment and/or proliferation of retinal progenitor cells. JF - Nature AU - Mathers, P H AU - Grinberg, A AU - Mahon, K A AU - Jamrich, M AD - Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. Y1 - 1997/06/05/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jun 05 SP - 603 EP - 607 VL - 387 IS - 6633 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Homeodomain Proteins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - In Situ Hybridization KW - Homeodomain Proteins -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression KW - Xenopus KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Gene Targeting KW - Pigment Epithelium of Eye -- embryology KW - Zebrafish KW - Mutagenesis KW - Genes, Homeobox KW - Eye -- embryology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79043012?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+Rx+homeobox+gene+is+essential+for+vertebrate+eye+development.&rft.au=Mathers%2C+P+H%3BGrinberg%2C+A%3BMahon%2C+K+A%3BJamrich%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mathers&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-06-05&rft.volume=387&rft.issue=6633&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF001911; GENBANK; AF001049; AF001910; AF001048; AF001906; AF001909; AF001907; AF001908 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of molecular biology on the detection of foodborne pathogens AN - 954587066; 13859661 AB - Molecular biological methods that use antibodies and nucleic acids to detect specific foodborne bacterial pathogens were scarcely known a decade and a half ago. Few scientists could have predicted that these tools of basic research would come to dominate the field of food diagnostics. Today, a large number of cleverly designed assay formats using these technologies are available commercially for the detection in foods of practically all major established pathogens and toxins, as well as of many emerging pathogens. These tests range from very simple antibody-bound latex agglutination assays to very sophisticated DNA amplification methods. Although molecular biological assays are more specific, sensitive, and faster than conventional (often cultural) microbiological methods, the complexities of food matrices continue to offer unique challenges that may preclude the direct application of these molecular biological methods. Consequently, a short cultural enrichment period is still required for food samples prior to analysis with these assays. The greater detection sensitivity of molecular biological methods may also affect existing microbiological specifications for foods; this undoubtedly will have repercussions on the regulatory agencies, food manufacturers, and also consumers. JF - Molecular Biotechnology AU - Feng, Peter AD - HFS-516, CFSAN, FDA, 200 C St. SW, 20204, Washington DC, pxf@fdacf.ssw.dhhs.gov Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 267 EP - 278 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1073-6085, 1073-6085 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Antibodies KW - nucleic acids KW - Latex agglutination KW - Food KW - DNA KW - Consumers KW - Pathogens KW - Toxins KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/954587066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+molecular+biology+on+the+detection+of+foodborne+pathogens&rft.au=Feng%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antibodies; nucleic acids; Latex agglutination; Food; DNA; Consumers; Pathogens; Toxins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02740817 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability and performance of a population pharmacokinetic model. AN - 85259229; pmid-9208355 AB - This study aimed to determine the stability (in terms of covariate selection) of a population pharmacokinetic model and evaluate its performance in the absence of a test data set. Data from 88 full-term infants, 11 of whom were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive, taking an antiinfective agent were analyzed using exploratory data analysis methods and the nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NONMEM) program to obtain the final population pharmacokinetic model. The stability of the population pharmacokinetic model was tested using the nonparametric bootstrap approach in four steps: 1) with the base pharmacokinetic model, 100 bootstrap replicates of the original data were generated by sampling with replacement; 2) ascertainment that each bootstrap data replicate was described by the basic structural model using the NONMEM objective function; 3) generalized additive modeling (GAM) applied to empiric Bayesian estimates for covariate selection at alpha = 0.05 and a frequency (f) cutoff value of 0.50; and 4) NONMEM population model building using covariates selected in the third step with alpha = 0.005. Performance of the population pharmacokinetic model was evaluated using 200 additional bootstrap replicates of the data by fitting the model obtained in step 4 to them. Parameters obtained were compared with those obtained in the model stability step, and improved prediction error, a measure of predictive accuracy as an index of internal validation, was computed. The reciprocal of serum creatinine (RSC; f = 0.73) and HIV (f = 0.70) were selected by GAM as predictors of clearance (Cl). The population pharmacokinetic model obtained without the determination of model stability included RSC as a predictor of Cl, but the final model from the model stability step included both HIV and RSC as predictors of Cl. Final population pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained with this model fitted to the original data; however, the 95% confidence interval on the HIV status regression coefficient included zero, indicating no significance. The mean parameter estimates obtained with the additional 200 bootstrap replicates of data were within 15% of those obtained with the final model at the regression stability step. Bootstrap resampling procedure is useful for evaluating the stability and performance of a population model by repeatedly fitting it to the bootstrap samples when there is no test data set. JF - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology AU - Ette, E I AD - Office of Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 486 EP - 495 VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Infant KW - Human KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Models, Biological KW - Female KW - Male KW - Child, Preschool KW - Pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85259229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Stability+and+performance+of+a+population+pharmacokinetic+model.&rft.au=Ette%2C+E+I&rft.aulast=Ette&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary restrictions and cancer. AN - 79188212; 9255593 AB - Dietary restriction (DR) alters a significant environmental factor in carcinogenesis, dietary intake, thus inhibiting both spontaneous and induced tumorigenesis. Potential mechanisms for the inhibition of spontaneous cancer may include the effects of DR to do the following: decrease body weight, which decreases cellular proliferation and increases apoptosis in a number of organs that increase and decrease with body size; decrease body temperature, thereby lowering the amount of endogenous DNA damage temperature generates; decrease oxidative damage, by increasing antioxidant damage defense systems; decrease, generally, cellular proliferation; and protect the fidelity of the genome by decreasing DNA damage, increasing DNA repair, and preventing aberrant gene expression. Potential mechanisms for reducing induced tumor incidence include lowering agent activation, changing agent disposition, decreasing the adducts most associated with agent toxicity, and inhibiting tumor progression through mechanisms similar to those that can effect spontaneous tumorigenesis. As a method to control a major source of environmental cancer, and as the major modulator of the agent induction of this disease, understanding how DR works may significantly contribute to the efforts to explain how diet impacts on development of cancer in the United States, and may suggest methods to reduce the adverse impacts of other environmental agents on the disease. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Hart, R W AU - Turturro, A AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jafferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. rhart@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 989 EP - 992 VL - 105 Suppl 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Free Radicals KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Body Temperature KW - Humans KW - Diet, Reducing KW - Energy Intake KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79188212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Dietary+restrictions+and+cancer.&rft.au=Hart%2C+R+W%3BTurturro%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=105+Suppl+4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Gerontol. 1985 Nov;40(6):671-88 [4056322] Br J Cancer. 1950 Sep;4(3):329-36 [14783664] Nutr Rev. 1987 Jan;45(1):1-7 [3547191] Mech Ageing Dev. 1989 May;48(2):135-43 [2661931] Mech Ageing Dev. 1989 May;48(2):199-205 [2739468] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Feb;12(2):311-5 [1847320] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;621:363-72 [1859096] Exp Gerontol. 1992 Sep-Dec;27(5-6):583-92 [1426091] Mech Ageing Dev. 1993 May;68(1-3):151-62 [8350655] Mutat Res. 1993 Dec;295(4-6):151-64 [7507554] Mutat Res. 1993 Dec;295(4-6):165-79 [7507555] Mutat Res. 1993 Dec;295(4-6):223-35 [7507559] Mutat Res. 1993 Dec;295(4-6):237-45 [7507560] Mutat Res. 1993 Dec;295(4-6):265-80 [7507562] Carcinogenesis. 1994 Feb;15(2):159-61 [8313502] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 May 31;719:159-70 [8010591] J Gerontol. 1994 Sep;49(5):B239-44 [8056936] Toxicol Pathol. 1994 Jan-Feb;22(1):1-9 [8073218] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1995 Feb;24(2):247-59 [7737436] Mech Ageing Dev. 1995 Mar 31;79(1):33-57 [7540704] Am J Pathol. 1995 Jul;147(1):20-4 [7604880] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1995 May;25(2):184-95 [7665002] Toxicol Pathol. 1995 Jul-Aug;23(4):458-76 [7501958] Cancer Res. 1950 Sep;10(9):577-9 [14772734] Am J Clin Nutr. 1987 Jan;45(1 Suppl):236-42 [3799515] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard assessment of germanium supplements. AN - 79157219; 9237323 AB - Germanium-containing dietary supplements became popular in the 1970s in Japan and later in other countries, as elixirs for certain diseases (e.g., cancer and AIDS). Germanium is not an essential element. Its acute toxicity is low. However, at least 31 reported human cases linked prolonged intake of germanium products with renal failure and even death. Signs of kidney dysfunction, kidney tubular degeneration, and germanium accumulation were observed. Other adverse effects were anemia, muscle weakness, and peripheral neuropathy. Recovery of renal function is slow and incomplete even long after germanium intake was stopped. The total dose of ingested germanium (as dioxide, carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide, germanium-lactate-citrate, or unspecified forms) varied from 15 to over 300 g; the exposure duration varied from 2 to 36 months. In laboratory animals, elevated germanium in tissues and impaired kidney and liver function were observed in a life-time drinking water (5 ppm germanium) study. Other toxicities associated with ingested germanium products in human cases were also demonstrated in animal studies with germanium dioxide and sometimes other germanium compounds. Based on the evidence of persistent renal toxicity associated with germanium dioxide, the lack of conclusive findings of differential nephrotoxicity of organic germanium compounds, and the possibility of contamination of the organic germanium products with inorganic germanium, it is clear that germanium products present a potential human health hazard. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Tao, S H AU - Bolger, P M AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 211 EP - 219 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Antimutagenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - Organometallic Compounds KW - Germanium KW - 00072J7XWS KW - proxigermanium KW - 1Q2P9TO9Q7 KW - germanium oxide KW - 5O6CM4W76A KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- toxicity KW - Renal Insufficiency -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Anemia -- chemically induced KW - Child KW - Organometallic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Organometallic Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Administration, Oral KW - Organometallic Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Muscle Weakness -- chemically induced KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- toxicity KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Middle Aged KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Food, Fortified KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Germanium -- toxicity KW - Germanium -- pharmacology KW - Germanium -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79157219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Hazard+assessment+of+germanium+supplements.&rft.au=Tao%2C+S+H%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clostridium perfringens outbreak at a juvenile detention facility linked to a Thanksgiving holiday meal. AN - 79117743; 9217460 JF - The Western journal of medicine AU - Parikh, A I AU - Jay, M T AU - Kassam, D AU - Kociemba, T AU - Dworkis, B AU - Bradley, P D AU - Takata, K AD - Sacramento County Department of Health and Human Services, CA 95827, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 417 EP - 419 VL - 166 IS - 6 SN - 0093-0415, 0093-0415 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Prisons KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - California -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Clostridium Infections -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent, Institutionalized KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79117743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Western+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Clostridium+perfringens+outbreak+at+a+juvenile+detention+facility+linked+to+a+Thanksgiving+holiday+meal.&rft.au=Parikh%2C+A+I%3BJay%2C+M+T%3BKassam%2C+D%3BKociemba%2C+T%3BDworkis%2C+B%3BBradley%2C+P+D%3BTakata%2C+K&rft.aulast=Parikh&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=166&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Western+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=00930415&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Can J Public Health. 1975 Sep-Oct;66(5):388-92 [172212] Am J Public Health. 1985 Mar;75(3):287-8 [2858163] J Infect Dis. 1983 Jan;147(1):167-70 [6296240] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of growth hormone or chromium picolinate on swine metabolism and inflammatory cytokine production after endotoxin challenge exposure. AN - 79067037; 9185964 AB - To determine whether recombinant porcine somatotropin (PST) or chromium picolinate (CrP) affected cytokine production and metabolism in swine after endotoxin challenge exposure. 20 Poland China X Landrace pigs, 5/group. Pigs were given CrP-supplemented feed at body weight of 20 kg; PST treatment began at 60 kg, and both treatments continued through body weight of 90 kg. At 90 kg, pigs were challenge exposed with 20 micrograms of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/kg of body weight. Blood samples were obtained at various times through 24 hours after LPS challenge exposure. In all pigs not given PST, glucose concentration decreased 2 to 4 hours after LPS. In PST-treated pigs, blood glucose concentration was decreased at 6 to 8 hours after LPS. Plasma insulin concentration paralleled changes in glucose concentration. Nonesterified fatty acid concentration was high 2 to 24 hours after LPS in pigs not given PST and at 6 to 24 h in PST-treated pigs. Plasma urea nitrogen concentration was high at 6 to 24 hours after LPS in pigs not given PST. The urea nitrogen values in PST-treated pigs were lower at all times. Serum aspartate transaminase activity was high 6 to 24 hours after LPS in pigs not given PST, whereas PST treatment prevented the increase in this enzyme activity. In untreated (PST) pigs, plasma bilirubin (total and direct) concentrations were high 4 to 8 hours after LPS and returned to normal at 24 hours. The PST- and CrP-treated pigs maintained normal plasma bilirubin concentrations. Interleukin 6 activity was unaffected by CrP and PST treatments. Treatment with CrP and PST decreased the tumor necrosis factor alpha response to LPS, compared with that in control pigs. PST, and to a lesser extent CrP, provide protection against the adverse metabolic effects of LPS-induced septic shock. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Myers, M J AU - Farrell, D E AU - Evock-Clover, C M AU - McDonald, M W AU - Steele, N C AD - Animal Biology Branch, USFDA/Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 594 EP - 600 VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Blood Glucose KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified KW - Insulin KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Picolinic Acids KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Growth Hormone KW - 9002-72-6 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - picolinic acid KW - QZV2W997JQ KW - Bilirubin KW - RFM9X3LJ49 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Escherichia coli -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Blood Glucose -- metabolism KW - Insulin -- blood KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- metabolism KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- biosynthesis KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- blood KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Body Weight KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- veterinary KW - Swine Diseases -- blood KW - Swine Diseases -- metabolism KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- analysis KW - Bilirubin -- blood KW - Interleukin-6 -- biosynthesis KW - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified -- blood KW - Time Factors KW - Interleukin-6 -- analysis KW - Swine -- growth & development KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- metabolism KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- toxicity KW - Swine -- metabolism KW - Swine -- blood KW - Growth Hormone -- pharmacology KW - Picolinic Acids -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79067037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+growth+hormone+or+chromium+picolinate+on+swine+metabolism+and+inflammatory+cytokine+production+after+endotoxin+challenge+exposure.&rft.au=Myers%2C+M+J%3BFarrell%2C+D+E%3BEvock-Clover%2C+C+M%3BMcDonald%2C+M+W%3BSteele%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=594&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated lead contamination in homes of construction workers. AN - 79064076; 9183839 AB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health investigators studied lead exposures among 37 families of construction workers; 22 neighborhood families with no known lead exposures were included for comparison. Workers were identified as having blood lead levels at or above 25 micrograms/dL. This article reports the levels of lead contamination on hands and interior surfaces of homes and automobiles of study participants. Results indicate that the hands of lead-exposed workers were seven times more contaminated with lead compared with control workers; no difference was found between exposed and control family members' hands. Surface lead contamination was significantly higher in automobiles driven by the lead-exposed workers; some locations, such as armrests, were 10 times more contaminated for the exposed group. High lead loadings in lead workers' automobiles were found on the driver's floor (geometric mean [GM] = 1100 micrograms/m2), driver's armrest (2000 micrograms/m2), and passenger's armrest (1200 micrograms/m2). Surface lead concentrations were significantly higher for exposed homes compared with control homes in rooms where work clothing was changed (GM = 370 versus 120 ppm; p = 0.005). While environmental sources of lead were also evaluated, study results strongly suggest that construction workers' occupational exposures together with poor hygiene practices were the primary causes of lead contamination. Requirements intended to prevent "take-home" lead exposures were reported by workers in this study to be infrequently followed by employers. These findings may be limited in representativeness since only highly exposed workers were selected from a specific geographic area. Regardless, targeted education and enforcement efforts are necessary to help ensure that preventive measures are adequately practiced throughout the construction industry. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Piacitelli, G M AU - Whelan, E A AU - Sieber, W K AU - Gerwel, B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 447 EP - 454 VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Child KW - New Jersey KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Automobiles KW - Child, Preschool KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Family Health KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79064076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Elevated+lead+contamination+in+homes+of+construction+workers.&rft.au=Piacitelli%2C+G+M%3BWhelan%2C+E+A%3BSieber%2C+W+K%3BGerwel%2C+B&rft.aulast=Piacitelli&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adjuvant effect of respiratory irritation on pulmonary allergic sensitization: time and site dependency. AN - 79063714; 9194420 AB - It has been suggested that airway irritation, by acting as an adjuvant, as well as producing damage, may be an important factor related to asthma. The present study examined the window of time following acute upper and lower airway irritant exposure to determine the period of increased risk of immunological sensitization. Brown Norway rats were exposed to 87 ppm NO2 or 1000 ppm NH3 for 1 hr. A 30-min ovalbumin (OVA) exposure of 18.14 microg/liter air was given at various times based upon the time course of irritant associated inflammatory response (either immediately prior to or 1 or 7 days after the irritant exposure). OVA-only, NO2-only or NH3-only controls, and saline controls were also studied. Weekly booster exposures of OVA (or saline) were given. Circulating OVA-specific IgE, IgA, and IgG levels were quantified periodically during the 6 weeks of the study. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was also performed to examine the inflammatory response to allergic and irritant challenge. Significant increases in OVA-specific IgE, IgG, and IgA antibody titers were seen in rats given the sensitizing OVA exposure within 1 day of the NO2, but not NH3 exposures. Enhancement of cellular infiltrate in BAL was noted in groups given the sensitizing OVA exposure within 1 day of the NO2 or NH3. It is concluded that the inflammatory and immunological response to antigen exposure can be modified by the site of respiratory tract irritation and the relative times of irritant and antigen exposure. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Siegel, P D AU - Al-Humadi, N H AU - Nelson, E R AU - Lewis, D M AU - Hubbs, A F AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 356 EP - 362 VL - 144 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulins KW - Irritants KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Ovalbumin KW - 9006-59-1 KW - Nitrogen Dioxide KW - S7G510RUBH KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Ovalbumin -- immunology KW - Animals KW - Immunoglobulins -- blood KW - Time Factors KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Immunoglobulins -- drug effects KW - Lung -- immunology KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- toxicity KW - Nitrogen Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Irritants -- toxicity KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Ammonia -- toxicity KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Asthma -- chemically induced KW - Asthma -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79063714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Adjuvant+effect+of+respiratory+irritation+on+pulmonary+allergic+sensitization%3A+time+and+site+dependency.&rft.au=Pedersoli%2C+W+M%3BJackson%2C+J%3BFrobish%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Pedersoli&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=01407783&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health impact on drug residues in animal tissues. AN - 79037570; 9167248 AB - Consumers have expressed concern regarding the health impact of drug residues in their food. Animal residues in animal tissues above the legal tolerance clearly have an impact on human health. Tolerances represent the maximal level or concentration of antimicrobial residues permitted in animal tissues at the time of slaughter. The tolerances are intended to ensure that residual drugs will have no harmful effects if ingested. This paper describes the existing evidence for specific health hazards for certain pharmacological classes of drugs and explains the risks associated with drug residues in meat and poultry above the established tolerance. The primary focus is on possible public health consequences that may occur as a result of acute exposure to illegal residues. In addition, long-term effects are discussed with added comments about the effect of residues on the intestinal flora. Most residues of veterinary drugs occur in food at such low levels that they rarely pose a chronic or long-term health hazard to consumers. The importance of food safety through the reduction of residues in our food supply cannot be overemphasized. Food safety remains a major challenge confronting contemporary society. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Paige, J C AU - Tollefson, L AU - Miller, M AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration/Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 162 EP - 169 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Food Supply -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Supply -- standards KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79037570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Public+health+impact+on+drug+residues+in+animal+tissues.&rft.au=Paige%2C+J+C%3BTollefson%2C+L%3BMiller%2C+M&rft.aulast=Paige&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gastrointestinal cancer mortality of workers in occupations with high asbestos exposures. AN - 78982582; 9131226 AB - Asbestos, which is a well-known risk factor for lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma, has also been suggested as a gastrointestinal (GI) carcinogen. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between high asbestos exposure occupations and the occurrence of G1 cancer. Death certificate data were analyzed from 4,943,566 decedents with information on occupation and industry from 28 states from 1979 through 1990. Elevated proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) for mesothelioma were used to identify occupations potentially having many workers exposed to asbestos. All PMRs were age-adjusted and sex- and race-specific. The PMRs for GI cancers in white males were then calculated for these occupations after excluding mesothelioma, lung cancer, and non-malignant respiratory disease from all deaths. We identified 15,524 cases of GI cancer in the 12 occupations with elevated PMRs for mesothelioma. When these occupations were combined, the PMRs for esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer were significantly elevated at 108 (95% confidence interval = 107-110), 110 (106-113), and 109 (107-110), respectively. Esophageal cancer was elevated in sheet metal workers and mechanical workers. Gastric cancer was elevated in supervisors in production and managers. Colorectal cancer was elevated in mechanical and electrical and electronic engineers. However, high exposure occupations like insulation, construction painter supervisors, plumbers, furnace operators, and construction electricians showed no elevations of GI cancers. In conclusion, this death certificate study supports an association between asbestos exposure and some GI cancer, however the magnitude of this effect is very small. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Kang, S K AU - Burnett, C A AU - Freund, E AU - Walker, J AU - Lalich, N AU - Sestito, J AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 713 EP - 718 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Stomach Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Mesothelioma -- mortality KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Esophageal Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Gastrointestinal Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Asbestos -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78982582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Gastrointestinal+cancer+mortality+of+workers+in+occupations+with+high+asbestos+exposures.&rft.au=Kang%2C+S+K%3BBurnett%2C+C+A%3BFreund%2C+E%3BWalker%2C+J%3BLalich%2C+N%3BSestito%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Developing Effective Messages and Materials for Hispanic/Latino Audiences. Communications Technical Assistance Bulletin. AN - 62457183; ED431861 AB - This guide provides information to help program planners meet the challenges of communicating effectively with Hispanic/Latino audiences. It is important that any communication programs and materials designed for Hispanic and Latino audiences with substance abuse problem prevention messages be based on proven health communication principles, reflect and respond to cultural diversity, and attain cultural competence. The following steps should be taken: (1) research the problem; (2) define the audience; (3) develop a relevant message; (4) draw on lessons learned from national programs; (5) determine the form materials should take; (6) use appropriate language; (7) plan ways to put the materials into the community; and (7) evaluate the effectiveness of messages and materials. (Contains 20 references.) (SLD) AU - Ramirez, Amelie G. AU - Baraona, Miguel Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 14 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20852. KW - Latinos KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Communication Problems KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Cultural Awareness KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Health Materials KW - Information Dissemination KW - Communication (Thought Transfer) KW - Health Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62457183?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Communicating Appropriately with Asian and Pacific Islander Audiences. Technical Assistance Bulletin. AN - 62436473; ED422412 AB - Developing culturally appropriate prevention messages and materials for Asian and Pacific Islander audiences is challenging. It is important to recognize and respect their geographic, ethnic, racial, cultural, economic, social, and linguistic diversity. The health communication process enables planners to meet the challenge of developing programs for this target population. Asians and Pacific Islanders are often perceived as a model community with few, if any, problems related to substance abuse, but it is important to dispel their myth, generate more informed perspectives on user rates, and recognize differences in abuse rates among the various populations. To develop culturally appropriate and effective prevention strategies, planners should use the following health communication process: (1) planning and selecting a strategy; (2) selecting messages, materials, and channels; (3) developing materials and pretesting; (4) implementation; (5) assessment effectiveness; and (6) feedback to refine the program. Planning begins with research. Some selected research findings about various Asian American/Pacific Islanders populations are given. Key issues that may affect substance abuse problems are those of immigration, acculturation, and intergenerational conflict. (Contains 38 references.) (SLD) AU - Kuramoto, Ford H. Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 14 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Substance Abuse KW - Immigrants KW - Multicultural Education KW - Health Education KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Prevention KW - Cultural Awareness KW - Planning KW - Cultural Differences KW - Communication (Thought Transfer) KW - Asian Americans KW - Feedback KW - Pacific Islanders UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62436473?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Synthesis of a paper presented at a Center for Sub N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Urban Youth Public Education for the African American Community. Technical Assistance Bulletin. AN - 62431964; ED422413 AB - The Urban Youth Public Education campaign was a Center for Substance Abuse Prevention initiative that embodied the concept of targeted programming in terms of cultural sensitivity and community participation. The Campaign, which began in 1990, targeted inner-city African American children, youth, and families in 14 initial sites. Other sites were added later. The processes and strategies of the Campaign provide an important model for the prevention community. This technical assistance bulletin synthesizes the lessons learned so that other African American communities can replicate the campaign for their youth. It also shows how effective it can be to target a program to a specific racial population. The market research associated with the Campaign showed that in the face of overwhelming odds, many African American youth manage to evade drug use, and the role of African American adults is influential and positive. These messages clarify campaign goals and provide direction for prevention themes and messages, and should be a basis for replicating the campaign in other communities. Replication begins with creating community ownership of the Urban Public Education Campaign. To magnify the positive messages from the market research, the Campaign's messages should stress that it is important for adults to serve as role models and that adult behavior sets an example for youth. It will be important to encourage innovation and promote the Campaign through a variety of traditional and nontraditional communication channels. Enlisting local sponsors, developing local materials and other educational materials, and sponsoring special events are all ways to get the Campaign's messages across. (Contains eight references.) (SLD) Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 8 KW - African Americans KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Outreach Programs KW - High Risk Students KW - Community Programs KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Black Youth KW - Youth Programs KW - Models KW - Inner City KW - Program Development KW - Agency Cooperation KW - Urban Youth KW - Drug Use KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62431964?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative stress conditions in an underground pillar, Homestake Mine, Lead, SD AN - 52638597; 1998-017396 JF - International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts AU - Scott, D F AU - Williams, T J AU - Friedel, M J AU - Denton, D K A2 - Kim, Kunsoo Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 653 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 34 IS - 3-4 SN - 0148-9062, 0148-9062 KW - United States KW - tomography KW - mining KW - geophones KW - underground mining KW - stress KW - Homestake Mine KW - Lawrence County South Dakota KW - Lead South Dakota KW - seismographs KW - rock mechanics KW - computers KW - seismicity KW - mining geology KW - South Dakota KW - pillars KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52638597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Rock+Mechanics+and+Mining+Sciences+%26+Geomechanics+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Relative+stress+conditions+in+an+underground+pillar%2C+Homestake+Mine%2C+Lead%2C+SD&rft.au=Scott%2C+D+F%3BWilliams%2C+T+J%3BFriedel%2C+M+J%3BDenton%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Rock+Mechanics+and+Mining+Sciences+%26+Geomechanics+Abstracts&rft.issn=01489062&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 36th U. S. Rock mechanics symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computers; geophones; Homestake Mine; Lawrence County South Dakota; Lead South Dakota; mining; mining geology; pillars; rock mechanics; seismicity; seismographs; South Dakota; stress; tomography; underground mining; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stratigraphic subunits and control of ground in the Revett Formation, Coeur d'Alene mining district, Idaho AN - 52637412; 1998-017413 JF - International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts AU - Whyatt, J K AU - White, B G A2 - Kim, Kunsoo Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 679 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 34 IS - 3-4 SN - 0148-9062, 0148-9062 KW - United States KW - Idaho KW - upper Precambrian KW - Precambrian KW - in situ KW - stress KW - Proterozoic KW - Mesoproterozoic KW - spatial distribution KW - safety KW - Coeur d'Alene mining district KW - seismicity KW - rock bursts KW - mining geology KW - Revett Quartzite KW - anisotropy KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52637412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Rock+Mechanics+and+Mining+Sciences+%26+Geomechanics+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Stratigraphic+subunits+and+control+of+ground+in+the+Revett+Formation%2C+Coeur+d%27Alene+mining+district%2C+Idaho&rft.au=Whyatt%2C+J+K%3BWhite%2C+B+G&rft.aulast=Whyatt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Rock+Mechanics+and+Mining+Sciences+%26+Geomechanics+Abstracts&rft.issn=01489062&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 36th U. S. Rock mechanics symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anisotropy; Coeur d'Alene mining district; Idaho; in situ; Mesoproterozoic; mining geology; Precambrian; Proterozoic; Revett Quartzite; rock bursts; safety; seismicity; spatial distribution; stress; United States; upper Precambrian ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The settlement and degradation of nondurable shales associated with coal mine waste embankments AN - 52632418; 1998-017257 JF - International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts AU - Pappas, D M AU - Vallejo, L E A2 - Kim, Kunsoo Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 456 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 34 IS - 3-4 SN - 0148-9062, 0148-9062 KW - mines KW - embankments KW - degradation KW - shale KW - stress KW - coal mines KW - settlement KW - rock mechanics KW - laboratory studies KW - absorption KW - sedimentary rocks KW - waste disposal KW - clastic rocks KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52632418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Rock+Mechanics+and+Mining+Sciences+%26+Geomechanics+Abstracts&rft.atitle=The+settlement+and+degradation+of+nondurable+shales+associated+with+coal+mine+waste+embankments&rft.au=Pappas%2C+D+M%3BVallejo%2C+L+E&rft.aulast=Pappas&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=456&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Rock+Mechanics+and+Mining+Sciences+%26+Geomechanics+Abstracts&rft.issn=01489062&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 36th U. S. Rock mechanics symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absorption; clastic rocks; coal mines; degradation; embankments; laboratory studies; mines; rock mechanics; sedimentary rocks; settlement; shale; stress; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of in situ stress conditions at depth; Homestake Mine, Lead, South Dakota AN - 52626880; 1998-017399 JF - International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts AU - Girard, J M AU - McKibbin, R W AU - Seymour, J B AU - Jones, F M A2 - Kim, Kunsoo Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 656 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 34 IS - 3-4 SN - 0148-9062, 0148-9062 KW - United States KW - mining KW - numerical models KW - in situ KW - underground mining KW - strain KW - stress KW - Homestake Mine KW - characterization KW - Lawrence County South Dakota KW - Lead South Dakota KW - excavations KW - mining geology KW - drilling KW - instruments KW - South Dakota KW - field studies KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52626880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Rock+Mechanics+and+Mining+Sciences+%26+Geomechanics+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+in+situ+stress+conditions+at+depth%3B+Homestake+Mine%2C+Lead%2C+South+Dakota&rft.au=Girard%2C+J+M%3BMcKibbin%2C+R+W%3BSeymour%2C+J+B%3BJones%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Girard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=656&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Rock+Mechanics+and+Mining+Sciences+%26+Geomechanics+Abstracts&rft.issn=01489062&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 36th U. S. Rock mechanics symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - characterization; drilling; excavations; field studies; Homestake Mine; in situ; instruments; Lawrence County South Dakota; Lead South Dakota; mining; mining geology; numerical models; South Dakota; strain; stress; underground mining; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a fiber optic stress sensor AN - 52621455; 1998-017394 JF - International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts AU - Heasley, Keith A AU - Dubaniewicz, H AU - Dimartino, M D A2 - Kim, Kunsoo Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - June 1997 SP - 651 PB - Pergamon, Oxford-New York VL - 34 IS - 3-4 SN - 0148-9062, 0148-9062 KW - mining KW - monitoring KW - underground mining KW - strain KW - stress KW - geophysical methods KW - electrical methods KW - grouting KW - deformation KW - excavations KW - laboratory studies KW - sensitivity analysis KW - mining geology KW - time domain reflectometry KW - instruments KW - field studies KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52621455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Rock+Mechanics+and+Mining+Sciences+%26+Geomechanics+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+fiber+optic+stress+sensor&rft.au=Heasley%2C+Keith+A%3BDubaniewicz%2C+H%3BDimartino%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Heasley&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Rock+Mechanics+and+Mining+Sciences+%26+Geomechanics+Abstracts&rft.issn=01489062&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 36th U. S. Rock mechanics symposium N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - deformation; electrical methods; excavations; field studies; geophysical methods; grouting; instruments; laboratory studies; mining; mining geology; monitoring; sensitivity analysis; strain; stress; time domain reflectometry; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunodominant domains present on the Bordetella pertussis vaccine component filamentous hemagglutinin AN - 16266464; 4268720 AB - To identify immunologically important domains on filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), a Bordetella pertussis protein included in new acellular pertussis vaccines (ACPVs), a series of monoclonal antibodies, sera from infants vaccinated with ACPVs or whole cell pertussis vaccine (WCPV), and sera from patients with pertussis were analyzed by immunoblots containing FHA fragments and recombinant FHA proteins. Immunodominant domains located at the COOH-terminus of FHA (type I domain) and near the NH sub(2)-terminus (type II domain) were defined by the reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. The sera from patients with pertussis and sera from infants vaccinated with WCPV or with 6 different investigational ACPVs specifically recognized well-defined regions within the type I and type II domains. Identification of these prominent immunologic epitopes on FHA should be useful for the construction of more well-defined pertussis vaccines and for the interpretation of human serologic responses, which may correlate with efficacy of pertussis vaccines. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Leininger, E AU - Bowen, S AU - Renauld-Mongenie, G AU - Rouse, J H AU - Menozzi, F D AU - Locht, C AU - Heron, I AU - Brennan, MJ AD - Div. Bacterial Products, Cent. for Biologics Evaluation and Res., FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 1423 EP - 1431 VL - 175 IS - 6 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - hemagglutinins KW - immunodominance KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - vaccines KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16266464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Immunodominant+domains+present+on+the+Bordetella+pertussis+vaccine+component+filamentous+hemagglutinin&rft.au=Leininger%2C+E%3BBowen%2C+S%3BRenauld-Mongenie%2C+G%3BRouse%2C+J+H%3BMenozzi%2C+F+D%3BLocht%2C+C%3BHeron%2C+I%3BBrennan%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Leininger&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of Vibrio vulnificus phage in oyster tissues and other estuarine habitats AN - 16092177; 4113759 AB - Phages lytic to Vibrio vulnificus were found in estuarine waters, sediments, plankton, crustacea, molluscan shellfish, and the intestines of finifish of the U.S. Gulf Coast, but no apparent relationship between densities of V. vulnificus and its phages was observed. Phage diversity and abundance in molluscan shellfish were much greater than in other habitats. V. vulnificus phages isolated from oysters did not lyse other mesophilic bacteria also isolated from oysters. Both V. vulnificus and its phages were found in a variety of oyster tissues and fluids with lowest densities in the hemolymph and mantle fluid. These findings suggest a close ecological relationship between V. vulnificus phages and molluscan shellfish. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - DePaola, A AU - McLeroy, S AU - McManus, G AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., U.S. Food and Drug Administration, P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 2464 EP - 2467 VL - 63 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Bacteriophages KW - Geographical distribution KW - Mollusca KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - bacteriophages KW - bacteriophases KW - food contamination KW - food poisoning KW - marine molluscs KW - mollusks KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - phages KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - USA, Gulf Coast KW - pathogens KW - estuaries KW - Marine KW - ASW, USA, Gulf Coast KW - Vibrio KW - seafood KW - bacteria KW - public health KW - J 02750:Phage-host interactions KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - O 1080:Multi-disciplinary Studies KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - V 22070:Phage-host interactions including lysogeny & transduction KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16092177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+Vibrio+vulnificus+phage+in+oyster+tissues+and+other+estuarine+habitats&rft.au=DePaola%2C+A%3BMcLeroy%2C+S%3BMcManus%2C+G&rft.aulast=DePaola&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteriophages; pathogenic bacteria; estuaries; Geographical distribution; seafood; bacteria; food poisoning; pathogens; marine molluscs; public health; food contamination; phages; Mollusca; Vibrio; mollusks; Vibrio vulnificus; USA, Gulf Coast; ASW, USA, Gulf Coast; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and characterization of thymidylate synthase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae AN - 16018442; 4089817 AB - Thymidylate synthase converts deoxyuridylate to deoxythymidylate. The thyA gene has been cloned and sequenced from Neisseria gonorrhoeae MS11. This gene has an open reading frame of 795-801 bp and encodes a product which shares 71% identity with its Escherichia coli homolog. Unlike its E. coli counterpart, gonococcal thyA has a large, upstream transcribed region (300+ bp) that lacks a translatable reading frame. Gonococcal thyA is capable of complementing an E. coli thyA null mutant and shares similar levels of sensitivity with trimethoprim. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Carlson, J H AU - Hill, SA AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Microbial Structure and Function, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 225 EP - 230 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 151 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - cloning KW - nucleotide sequence KW - trimethoprim KW - thyA gene KW - deoxyuridylate KW - deoxythymidylate KW - thymidylate synthase KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - antibiotic resistance KW - Escherichia coli KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - G 07321:GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16018442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Identification+and+characterization+of+thymidylate+synthase+from+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae&rft.au=Carlson%2C+J+H%3BHill%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Escherichia coli; antibiotic resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a Major Human Urinary Metabolite of Metolachlor by LC-MS/MS AN - 1439228217; 18618724 AB - Abstract not Available JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Driskell, W J AU - Hill, Jr RH AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, US Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 929 EP - 933 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Metabolites KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management KW - X:24330 KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & ENAironmental Safety KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1439228217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+Major+Human+Urinary+Metabolite+of+Metolachlor+by+LC-MS%2FMS&rft.au=Driskell%2C+W+J%3BHill%2C+Jr+RH&rft.aulast=Driskell&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs001289900423 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metabolites DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900423 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of antiretroviral agents. AN - 79638093; 9845500 JF - The American journal of medicine AU - Struble, K A AU - Pratt, R D AU - Gitterman, S R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1997/05/19/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 May 19 SP - 65 EP - 7; discussion 68-9 VL - 102 IS - 5B SN - 0002-9343, 0002-9343 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors KW - Lamivudine KW - 2T8Q726O95 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Indinavir KW - 5W6YA9PKKH KW - Zalcitabine KW - 6L3XT8CB3I KW - Stavudine KW - BO9LE4QFZF KW - Didanosine KW - K3GDH6OH08 KW - Saquinavir KW - L3JE09KZ2F KW - Ritonavir KW - O3J8G9O825 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Zidovudine -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Lamivudine -- adverse effects KW - Stavudine -- adverse effects KW - Saquinavir -- adverse effects KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Zalcitabine -- adverse effects KW - Ritonavir -- adverse effects KW - Indinavir -- adverse effects KW - Didanosine -- adverse effects KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Health Personnel KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - HIV Infections -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79638093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+antiretroviral+agents.&rft.au=Struble%2C+K+A%3BPratt%2C+R+D%3BGitterman%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Struble&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-05-19&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5B&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=00029343&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-12-14 N1 - Date created - 1998-12-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cadmium-induced 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation, DNA strand breaks and antioxidant enzyme activities in lymphoblastoid cells. AN - 79013478; 9149117 AB - The effect of cadmium ion (Cd) and ascorbic acid (Asc) on the induction of oxidative DNA damage and on the activities of antioxidant enzymes were investigated in human lymphoblastoid cells (AHH-1 TK+/-). Cd at low concentrations of 5-35 microM induced the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and caused nuclear DNA strand breaks. The formation both of 8-OHdG and of DNA strand breaks was dose-dependent at the low Cd concentration; both parameters were linearly correlated with each other (R = 0.932 and P = 0.0209). 8-OHdG formation by Cd plateaued at a Cd concentration of 50 microM. Asc also induced 8-OHdG formation, but it had no synergistic effect with Cd on the formation of 8-OHdG or DNA strand breaks. Cd at the concentration of 50 microM induced the nuclear activity of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, Cd caused a decrease in the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and an increase in concentration of the oxidized form (GSSG). While Asc had no observable effect on SOD activity, it did increase nuclear catalase activity in cells. This effect on catalase was synergistic with that of Cd. The linear correlation between 8-OHdG and DNA strand breaks induced by Cd at the lower Cd concentrations (< or = 50 microM), suggested that the extent of formation of DNA strand breaks induced by Cd may be offset by their induction of the formation of 8-OHdG and antioxidant enzyme activities. JF - Cancer letters AU - Mikhailova, M V AU - Littlefield, N A AU - Hass, B S AU - Poirier, L A AU - Chou, M W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/05/19/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 May 19 SP - 141 EP - 148 VL - 115 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - 8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine KW - 88847-89-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Catalase -- metabolism KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- metabolism KW - Catalase -- drug effects KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- drug effects KW - Ascorbic Acid -- toxicity KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Cell Line KW - Deoxyguanosine -- biosynthesis KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Cadmium -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79013478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Cadmium-induced+8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine+formation%2C+DNA+strand+breaks+and+antioxidant+enzyme+activities+in+lymphoblastoid+cells.&rft.au=Mikhailova%2C+M+V%3BLittlefield%2C+N+A%3BHass%2C+B+S%3BPoirier%2C+L+A%3BChou%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Mikhailova&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-05-19&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-04 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimony-induced alterations in thiol homeostasis and adenine nucleotide status in cultured cardiac myocytes. AN - 78997034; 9152016 AB - Cultured cardiac myocytes were exposed for up to 4 h to 50 and 100 microM potassium antimonyl tartrate (PAT). After 4 h, 50 and 100 microM PAT killed 14 and 33% respectively of the cardiac myocytes. PAT-induced alterations in both protein and nonprotein thiol homeostasis. Transient increases in oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels were detected after cells were treated with 100 microM PAT for 2 h. After 4 h, both concentrations of PAT significantly depleted reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Protein thiols levels were also decreased after a 2-h exposure to 50 and 100 microM PAT. Cells treated with 50 microM and 100 microM PAT had a 15% and 40% reduction respectively in protein thiols after 4 h. PAT also significantly inhibited glutathione peroxidase and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in cardiac myocytes. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity levels were inhibited as early as 1 h after cells were treated with both concentrations of PAT. Cardiac myocyte ATP levels were also decreased by PAT, but only after a 4-h exposure to 50 microM and 100 microM PAT. Decreases in cellular ATP levels paralleled PAT toxicity put appeared to be secondary to other cellular changes initiated by PAT exposure. JF - Toxicology AU - Tirmenstein, M A AU - Mathias, P I AU - Snawder, J E AU - Wey, H E AU - Toraason, M AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/05/16/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 May 16 SP - 203 EP - 211 VL - 119 IS - 3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Adenine Nucleotides KW - 0 KW - Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex KW - Schistosomicides KW - Antimony Potassium Tartrate KW - DL6OZ476V3 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Glutathione Disulfide KW - ULW86O013H KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex -- metabolism KW - Myocardium -- cytology KW - Adenine Nucleotides -- metabolism KW - Schistosomicides -- toxicity KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Antimony Potassium Tartrate -- toxicity KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Myocardium -- metabolism KW - Glutathione -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78997034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Antimony-induced+alterations+in+thiol+homeostasis+and+adenine+nucleotide+status+in+cultured+cardiac+myocytes.&rft.au=Tirmenstein%2C+M+A%3BMathias%2C+P+I%3BSnawder%2C+J+E%3BWey%2C+H+E%3BToraason%2C+M&rft.aulast=Tirmenstein&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-05-16&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-05 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arylamine-DNA adduct conformation in relation to mutagenesis. AN - 79100767; 9202733 AB - A considerable body of evidence has indicated that local conformational alterations induced by DNA adducts may provide the molecular basis for differences in mutational specificities exhibited by structurally similar adducts. To elucidate the relationships between adduct structure and mutation induction, the ability of several single-ring arylamines present in tobacco smoke (i.e., methylanilines, dimethylanilines, and ethylanilines) to form DNA adducts was investigated. In all cases, the major adducts were C8-substituted deoxyguanosine derivatives, which is consistent with what has been observed with more carcinogenic arylamines, such as 2-aminofluorene and 4-aminobiphenyl. Spectroscopic and theoretical data on the adducts indicated conformational differences depending upon the location of the alkyl substituents. Adducts containing alkyl groups ortho to the amino function (e.g., 2-methylaniline) had a greater percentage of syn conformers about the glycosyl bond than those not bearing such groups. Arylamines with ortho alkyl substituents tend to be more mutagenic and tumorigenic than analogues not containing an ortho alkyl substituent. This increase in biological activity may be due in part to the greater propensity of ortho alkylated adducts to adopt a syn conformation. JF - Mutation research AU - Beland, F A AU - Melchior, W B AU - Mourato, L L AU - Santos, M A AU - Marques, M M AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. fbeland@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/05/12/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 May 12 SP - 13 EP - 19 VL - 376 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - DNA Adducts KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - 4-biphenylamine KW - 16054949HJ KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - aniline KW - SIR7XX2F1K KW - Index Medicus KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- chemistry KW - Deoxyguanosine -- chemistry KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- chemistry KW - Nucleic Acid Conformation KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Aniline Compounds -- chemistry KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79100767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Arylamine-DNA+adduct+conformation+in+relation+to+mutagenesis.&rft.au=Beland%2C+F+A%3BMelchior%2C+W+B%3BMourato%2C+L+L%3BSantos%2C+M+A%3BMarques%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-05-12&rft.volume=376&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-17 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemoprotection against the formation of colon DNA adducts from the food-borne carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in the rat. AN - 79089767; 9202746 AB - The mutagenic heterocyclic aromatic amine, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), is a pyrolysis product in cooked foods that has been shown to be a rat colon carcinogen and has been implicated in the etiology of human colon cancer. In order to identify chemoprotection strategies that could be carried out in humans, a pilot study was conducted in which PhIP-DNA-adduct levels were quantified in the colons of male F344 rats that had been subjected to 16 different putative chemoprotection regimens, followed by a gavage of PhIP (50 mg/kg) and sacrifice 24 h later. The 16 treatments (Oltipraz, benzylisothiocyanate, diallyl sulfide, garlic powder, ethoxyquin, butylated hydroxyanisole, glutathione, indole-3-carbinol, alpha-angelicalactone, kahweol/cafestol palmitates, quercetin, green tea, black tea, tannic acid, amylase-resistant starch, and physical exercise) comprised sulfur-containing compounds, antioxidants, flavonoids, diterpenes, polyphenols, high dietary fiber, etc. The strongest inhibition of PhIP-DNA adduct formation in the colon was observed upon pretreatment with black tea, benzylisothiocyanate, and a mixture (1:1) of kahweol:cafestol palmitates, which resulted in 67, 66, and 54% decreases in colon PhIP-DNA adduct levels, as compared with controls. Preliminary studies on their mechanism of action indicated that only kahweol:cafestol caused a substantial induction of glutathione S-transferase isozymes (GSTs) that are thought to be important in the detoxification of PhIP. Notably, this induction occurred in the liver rather than in the colon. JF - Mutation research AU - Huber, W W AU - McDaniel, L P AU - Kaderlik, K R AU - Teitel, C H AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/05/12/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 May 12 SP - 115 EP - 122 VL - 376 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antimutagenic Agents KW - DNA Adducts KW - Imidazoles KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Colon -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Imidazoles -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - DNA Adducts -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79089767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Chemoprotection+against+the+formation+of+colon+DNA+adducts+from+the+food-borne+carcinogen+2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo%5B4%2C5-b%5Dpyridine+%28PhIP%29+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Huber%2C+W+W%3BMcDaniel%2C+L+P%3BKaderlik%2C+K+R%3BTeitel%2C+C+H%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Huber&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-05-12&rft.volume=376&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-17 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Mutat Res. 1997 Nov 28;381(2):279-82 [9434884] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of isomeric nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes leading to DNA adducts and mutagenesis. AN - 79084564; 9202737 AB - We have been interested in determining the structural and electronic features that may be useful in predicting the mutagenic activity of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs). We have previously found that a correlation between structural and electronic features and direct-acting mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium cannot be made using nitro-PAHs with different molecular size. In this study, a series of structurally related nitro-PAHs, the environmental contaminants 1-, 3-, and 6-nitrobenzo[alpha]pyrene (NBaP) and their derivatives, was used to determine structure-activity relationships. It was found that isomeric NBaPs are activated to DNA damaging and mutagenic derivatives by nitroreduction, ring-oxidation, or by a combination of these two pathways. A general finding was that NBaPs and derivatives with their nitro substituent oriented perpendicular to the aromatic system exhibit either very weak or no direct-acting mutagenicity in S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. In this paper, we also discuss the effect of the location of the nitro group on the metabolism and the mutagenicity of NBaPs and the effect of oxygen-containing functional groups on the mutagenicity of NBaP derivatives. These findings provide a useful molecular basis for interpreting and predicting the direct-acting mutagenicity of nitro-PAHs. JF - Mutation research AU - Fu, P P AU - Qui, F Y AU - Jung, H AU - Von Tungeln, L S AU - Zhan, D J AU - Lee, M J AU - Wu, Y S AU - Heflich, R H AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/05/12/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 May 12 SP - 43 EP - 51 VL - 376 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Benzopyrenes KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Mutagens KW - Nitrates KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - 6-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene KW - 63041-90-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Chemistry, Physical KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Isomerism KW - Benzopyrenes -- metabolism KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Nitrates -- metabolism KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79084564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+isomeric+nitrobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrenes+leading+to+DNA+adducts+and+mutagenesis.&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3BQui%2C+F+Y%3BJung%2C+H%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+L+S%3BZhan%2C+D+J%3BLee%2C+M+J%3BWu%2C+Y+S%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-05-12&rft.volume=376&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-17 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of D-fenfluramine, D-norfenfluramine and fluoxetine in plasma, brain tissue and brain microdialysate using high-performance liquid chromatography after precolumn derivatization with dansyl chloride. AN - 79070456; 9188832 AB - A HPLC method is described for the simultaneous determination of D-fenfluramine (FEN), D-norfenfluramine (NF) and fluoxetine (FLX) using fluorometric detection after precolumn derivatization with dansyl-chloride. The method has limits of quantitation of 200 fmol for FEN and NF, 500 fmol for FLX in brain microdialysate, and 1 pmol for NF and FEN, and 2 pmol for FLX in plasma. Brain tissue standards were linear between 5 and 200 pmol/mg for all three compounds. The inter-assay variability (relative standard deviation) was 6.6%, 6.9% and 9.3% for FEN, 4.6%, 3.7% and 7.9% for NF and 10.4%, 4.9% and 12.2% for FLX, for brain microdialysate (2 pmol/microl), plasma (2 pmol/ microl) and brain tissue (50 pmol/mg), respectively. Intra-assay variability was always lower, typically several times lower than inter-assay variability. Extraction recovery was 108% and 48% for FEN, 105% and 78% for NF and 94% and 45% for FLX, in plasma (2 pmol/microl) and brain tissue (5 pmol/mg), respectively. Due to the stability of the dansyl-chloride derivatives this method is well suited for an autoinjector after manual derivatization with dansyl chloride at room temperature for 4 h. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications AU - Clausing, P AU - Rushing, L G AU - Newport, G D AU - Bowyer, J F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1997/05/09/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 May 09 SP - 419 EP - 426 VL - 692 IS - 2 SN - 1387-2273, 1387-2273 KW - Dansyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors KW - Fluoxetine KW - 01K63SUP8D KW - Norfenfluramine KW - 1886-26-6 KW - Fenfluramine KW - 2DS058H2CF KW - dansyl chloride KW - QMU9166TJ4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Microdialysis KW - Animals KW - Reference Standards KW - Norfenfluramine -- metabolism KW - Fenfluramine -- blood KW - Fenfluramine -- metabolism KW - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors -- blood KW - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors -- metabolism KW - Norfenfluramine -- blood KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Fluoxetine -- metabolism KW - Fluoxetine -- blood KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Dansyl Compounds -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79070456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.atitle=Determination+of+D-fenfluramine%2C+D-norfenfluramine+and+fluoxetine+in+plasma%2C+brain+tissue+and+brain+microdialysate+using+high-performance+liquid+chromatography+after+precolumn+derivatization+with+dansyl+chloride.&rft.au=Clausing%2C+P%3BRushing%2C+L+G%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BBowyer%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Clausing&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-05-09&rft.volume=692&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.issn=13872273&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silica, asbestos, man-made mineral fibers, and cancer. AN - 79566640; 9498906 AB - Approximately three million workers in the United States are estimated to be exposed to silica, man-made mineral fibers, and asbestos. The lung is the primary target organ of concern. Each of these substances is composed predominantly of silicon and oxygen; asbestos and silica are crystalline, and asbestos and man-made mineral fibers are fibers. Man-made mineral fibers and asbestos are used as insulating agents, with the former having generally replaced the latter in recent years. Silica is used in foundries, pottery, and brick making, and is encountered by miners. A meta-analysis of 16 of the largest studies with well-documented silica exposure and low probability of confounding by other occupational exposures, indicates a relative risk (RR) of 1.3 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-1.4). Lung cancer risks are highest and most consistent for silicotics, who have received the highest doses (RR = 2.3, CI = 2.2-2.4, across 19 studies). The data for mineral fibers continue to support the International Association for Research on Cancer's 1988 judgment that mineral fibers are a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B). Recent epidemiologic studies provide little evidence for lung carcinogenicity for either glass wool or rock/slag wool. Ceramic fibers, a much less common exposure than glass wool and rock/slag wool, are of concern because of positive animal studies, but there are insufficient human data. Regarding asbestos, its carcinogenicity for the lung and mesothelium is well established. With regard to the controversy over chrysotile and mesothelioma, the data suggest chrysotile does cause mesothelioma, although it may be less potent than amphibole asbestos. JF - Cancer causes & control : CCC AU - Steenland, K AU - Stayner, L AD - US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 491 EP - 503 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - Asbestos, Serpentine KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Mineral Fibers KW - fiberglass KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Silicon KW - Z4152N8IUI KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Crystallization KW - Probability KW - Animals KW - Mesothelioma -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Mesothelioma -- etiology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Glass KW - Ceramics -- adverse effects KW - Asbestos, Serpentine -- adverse effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Silicosis -- epidemiology KW - Oxygen -- analysis KW - Mining KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Meta-Analysis as Topic KW - Construction Materials KW - Silicosis -- etiology KW - Silicon -- analysis KW - Mineral Fibers -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Asbestos -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Asbestos -- chemistry KW - Silicon Dioxide -- chemistry KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79566640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.atitle=Silica%2C+asbestos%2C+man-made+mineral+fibers%2C+and+cancer.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BStayner%2C+L&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Industries and cancer. AN - 79564026; 9498899 AB - Epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between selected industries and cancer is reviewed. This article will focus on several industries which have not been covered elsewhere in this volume, briefly describe current research on cancer in the agricultural and construction industries, and discuss surveillance data on cancer mortality in relation to industry listed on US death certificates. Employment in the rubber industry has been associated with bladder cancer, leukemia, stomach, and lung cancer and is considered by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to have 'sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans.' Studies of workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have reported excess mortality from gastrointestinal neoplasms, hematologic neoplasms, and skin cancer (specifically malignant melanoma); IARC considers that the evidence for carcinogenicity in humans is 'limited.' Employment in the boot and shoe industry has been associated with nasal adenocarcinomas in England and Italy ('sufficient'). Hairdressers and barbers have been found to have excess bladder cancer and less consistent evidence for several other sites ('limited'). Workers exposed to wood dust have excess mortality from cancer of the nasal sinuses and paranasal cavities; there is less consistent evidence for excess laryngeal cancer ('sufficient'). Workers employed in the petroleum industry have limited evidence for excess leukemia and other lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms, and skin cancer (particularly malignant melanoma) ('limited'). JF - Cancer causes & control : CCC AU - Ward, E M AU - Burnett, C A AU - Ruder, A AU - Davis-King, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 356 EP - 370 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Petroleum KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Gastrointestinal Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Melanoma -- epidemiology KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- adverse effects KW - Population Surveillance KW - Adenocarcinoma -- epidemiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Leukemia -- epidemiology KW - Death Certificates KW - Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Stomach Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Wood KW - Laryngeal Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Europe -- epidemiology KW - Beauty Culture KW - Nose Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Lymphoma -- epidemiology KW - Rubber -- adverse effects KW - Skin Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Shoes KW - Hematologic Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Dust -- adverse effects KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Construction Materials KW - Female KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality KW - Industry KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79564026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.atitle=Industries+and+cancer.&rft.au=Ward%2C+E+M%3BBurnett%2C+C+A%3BRuder%2C+A%3BDavis-King%2C+K&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-03-10 N1 - Date created - 1998-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Percutaneous absorption and metabolism of Coumarin in human and rat skin. AN - 79183018; 9250536 AB - Coumarin is widely used as a fragrance in cosmetics, perfumes and soaps. The food and Drug Administration banned coumarin use in food because of reports that coumarin produced hepatotoxicity in rodents. Concerns about coumarin's safety have also been raised by toxicity testing conducted by the National Toxicology Program. Therefore, we initiated studies to measure the extent of coumarin absorption and metabolism in skin. [14C]Coumarin (ca. 0.5 microCi per cell) absorption in skin was measured by using two vehicles: ethanol (15 microliters cm-2) and an oil-in-water emulsion (3 mg cm-2). Absorption was determined for 24 h by using flow-through diffusion cells (0.64 cm2, exposed skin) with a receptor fluid consisting of HEPES-buffered Hank's balanced salt solution (pH 7.4). Coumarin metabolism was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography methodology. In rat skin (n = 3), the percentages of applied dose absorbed after 24 h were 54.9 +/- 0.63 (mean +/- SEM) and 86.8 +/- 5.4 for the ethanol and emulsion vehicles, respectively, with ca. 5% remaining in skin. In human skin (n = 2), the percentages of applied dose absorbed after 24 h were 64.4 +/- 0.29 and 98.0 +/- 5.3 for the ethanol and emulsion vehicles, respectively, with ca. 1% remaining in skin. The extent of skin absorption was greater from the emulsion vehicle than from the ethanol vehicle in both human and rat skin. Coumarin rapidly penetrated both rat and human skin with > 75% and > 95%, respectively, of the absorbed dose found in the receptor fluid within 6 h. No evidence of coumarin metabolism was found in either skin or receptor fluid fractions. These studies indicate that coumarin absorption is significant in skin. Systemic coumarin absorption must be expected after dermal contact with coumarin-containing products. JF - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT AU - Yourick, J J AU - Bronaugh, R L AD - Cosmetics Toxicology Branch, US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 153 EP - 158 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - Anticoagulants KW - 0 KW - Coumarins KW - Emulsions KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - coumarin KW - A4VZ22K1WT KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Anticoagulants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Ethanol -- pharmacokinetics KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Anticoagulants -- metabolism KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Emulsions -- pharmacokinetics KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Coumarins -- metabolism KW - Coumarins -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79183018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.atitle=Percutaneous+absorption+and+metabolism+of+Coumarin+in+human+and+rat+skin.&rft.au=Yourick%2C+J+J%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Yourick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipid peroxidation and DNA damage induced by morin and naringenin in isolated rat liver nuclei. AN - 79122199; 9216742 AB - The pro-oxidant activities, as determined by lipid peroxidation and DNA strand breaks, of morin and naringenin, two polyphenolic flavonoids with molecular structures similar to quercetin, were investigated under aerobic conditions in a model system of isolated rat liver nuclei. Both flavonoids induced a concentration-dependent peroxidation of nuclear membrane lipids concurrent with DNA strand breaks. These reactions were enhanced by the metal ions iron or copper. Active oxygen scavengers catalase, superoxide dismutase and mannitol had no effect on the flavonoid-induced nuclear DNA damage in the presence of the metal ions; nuclear lipid peroxidation was partially inhibited only by mannitol. It appears that hydroxyl radicals are the initiators of the peroxidation of nuclear membrane lipids, producing peroxidation products such as peroxyl radicals that in turn may be responsible for the DNA strand breaks. Alternatively, the hydroxyl radicals produced close to the DNA backbone may induce direct site-specific strand breaks that are insensitive to the free radical scavengers. These results demonstrate the pro-oxidant activities of polyphenolic flavonoids, which are generally considered as antioxidants and anticarcinogens, and suggest their possible dual role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Sahu, S C AU - Gray, G C AD - Division of Toxicological Research, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 443 EP - 447 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Flavanones KW - Flavonoids KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - morin KW - 8NFQ3F76WR KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - naringenin KW - HN5425SBF2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - DNA Repair KW - Iron -- pharmacology KW - Copper -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Antioxidants -- toxicity KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Cell Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Flavonoids -- toxicity KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79122199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Lipid+peroxidation+and+DNA+damage+induced+by+morin+and+naringenin+in+isolated+rat+liver+nuclei.&rft.au=Sahu%2C+S+C%3BGray%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Sahu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-31 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemosensitizing activity of caffeic acid in multidrug-resistant MCF-7/Dox human breast carcinoma cells. AN - 79109264; 9216644 AB - The chemosensitizing activity of caffeic acid was examined in parent MCF-7 and multidrug-resistant MCF-7/Dox human breast carcinoma cells. In clonogenic assays, MCF-7/Dox cell was about 135-fold less sensitive to doxorubicin than MCF-7 cells. Caffeic acid (10 microM) slightly altered the colony-forming ability of MCF-7 cells, and markedly reduced the IC50 of doxorubicin (Dox) from 10.8 +/- 1.3 microM to 0.83 +/- 0.21 microM in MCF-7/Dox cells. When compared to MCF-7/Dox cells, intracellular accumulations of [14C] Dox in MCF-7 cells for 1 hour and 12 hours were elevated 2.3-fold and about 6.4-fold, respectively. Doxorubicin accumulations in MCF-7 and MCF-7/Dox cells were not altered in the presence of 10 microM caffeic acid. Both TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 isotypes were detected in MCF-7/Dox cells, while only TGF beta 1 was found in MCF-7 cells. The level of TGF beta 1 in MCF-7/Dox cells was about 3-fold greater than that in MCF-7 cells. In cells pretreated with caffeic acid (10 microM), TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 levels were overexpressed only in MCF-7/Dox cells by 90% and 60%, respectively. These results suggest that caffeic acid is potentially a chemosensitizing agent with greater selectivity to drug-resistant MCF-7/Dox cells over parent MCF-7 cells and that the chemosensitizing effect is not mediated by altered drug concentrations in the cells, but may be possibly correlated to the induction of TGF beta isotypes. JF - Anticancer research AU - Ahn, C H AU - Choi, W C AU - Kong, J Y AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. AHNCH@CDER.FDA.GOV PY - 1997 SP - 1913 EP - 1917 VL - 17 IS - 3C SN - 0250-7005, 0250-7005 KW - Caffeic Acids KW - 0 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - caffeic acid KW - U2S3A33KVM KW - Index Medicus KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta -- biosynthesis KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Biological Transport KW - Breast Neoplasms KW - Female KW - Doxorubicin -- pharmacokinetics KW - Caffeic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Doxorubicin -- toxicity KW - Drug Resistance, Multiple UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79109264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anticancer+research&rft.atitle=Chemosensitizing+activity+of+caffeic+acid+in+multidrug-resistant+MCF-7%2FDox+human+breast+carcinoma+cells.&rft.au=Ahn%2C+C+H%3BChoi%2C+W+C%3BKong%2C+J+Y&rft.aulast=Ahn&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3C&rft.spage=1913&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Anticancer+research&rft.issn=02507005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paternal exposure of rabbits to lead: behavioral deficits in offspring. AN - 79093186; 9200139 AB - Paternal exposures to exogenous agents have been reported to produce a variety of developmental defects in the offspring. In experimental animals, these effects include decreased litter size and weight, increased stillbirth and neonatal death, birth defects, tumors, and functional/behavioral abnormalities-some of these effects being transmitted to the second and third generations. The majority of experimental studies assessing nervous system function of offspring following paternal exposures have utilized rats as the experimental animal, but other species can be used. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) has initiated studies to validate the rabbit as an animal model for human reproductive toxicity, because rabbits are the smallest laboratory animal from which ejaculates can be collected repeatedly. An important part of reproductive toxicology is assessment of the reproductive ability of males following exposure, as well as developmental and functional assessment of their offspring. This article describes a pilot study and a main study to investigate the feasibility of using rabbits to assess the functional effects of paternal exposure to lead. The pilot study included seven male rabbits per group exposed for 15 weeks to lead acetate sufficient to produce 0, 50, or 110 micrograms/dl blood lead. The main study included 15 male rabbits per group exposed for 15 weeks to lead acetate to produce 0, 20, 40, and 80 micrograms/dl blood lead. At the conclusion of the exposure, male rabbits were mated with unexposed females. These females carried their litters to term, delivered, and reared their own offspring. The offspring were weighed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and some at 35 days of age. They were also tested for exploratory activity in a standard figure-eight "maze" for 30 min/day on days 15, 20, 25, and 30. A second assessment of exploratory behavior, along with a simple test of aversive conditioning, was attempted in the pilot study, but was judged not to be suitable for the main study. Of the 21 male rabbits that were mated in the pilot study, 16 produced viable litters (6/7, 6/7, and 4/7 in control, low- and high-lead groups, respectively), with a mean number of 6 live births/litter in each treatment group (range 2-8). Of the 60 rabbits mated in the main study, 57 produced litters, and two rabbits died giving birth. Significant postnatal deaths were observed in all groups, with about one half of the offspring dying before testing was initiated at day 15. There were no treatment-related effects on offspring weight gain through wearing. The data suggest that paternal lead exposure of rabbits may reduce figure-eight activity on day 25, the time of peak activity in the offspring. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Nelson, B K AU - Moorman, W J AU - Schrader, S M AU - Shaw, P B AU - Krieg, E F AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. bkn1@niobbs1.em.cdc.gov PY - 1997 SP - 191 EP - 198 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Rabbits KW - Pilot Projects KW - Male KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Paternal Exposure KW - Neurotoxins -- poisoning KW - Lead Poisoning -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79093186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Paternal+exposure+of+rabbits+to+lead%3A+behavioral+deficits+in+offspring.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BMoorman%2C+W+J%3BSchrader%2C+S+M%3BShaw%2C+P+B%3BKrieg%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-05 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin-4 receptor expression on AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma cells and their targeting by a chimeric protein comprised of circularly permuted interleukin-4 and Pseudomonas exotoxin. AN - 79092820; 9205948 AB - AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS) represents one of the most common malignancies associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. To target effective therapeutic agents to AIDS-KS, we have identified a new target in the form of interleukin-4 receptors (IL-4R). The expression of IL-4R on AIDS-KS cells and their subunit structure was determined by radioligand receptor binding, cross-linking and Northern and RT-PCR analyses. The in vitro effect of IL-4 and recombinant fusion protein made up of circularly permuted IL-4 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin, IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL, was examined by clonogenic and protein synthesis inhibition assays. Five AIDS-KS cell lines expressed high-affinity IL-4R with a Kd of 23.5-219 pM. IL-4 appeared to cross-link to one major protein corresponding to 140 kDa and a broad band corresponding to 60-70 kDa. Both cross-linked proteins were immunoprecipitated with an antibody to human IL-4R beta chain. AIDS-KS cells exhibited IL-4R beta-specific mRNA. IL-4 caused a modest inhibition (31-34%) of colony formation in two AIDS-KS cell lines tested. IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL was found to be highly effective in inhibiting the protein synthesis in all five AIDS-KS examined. The IC50 ranged from 32 to 1225 pM. The cytotoxic action of IL-4 toxin was blocked by an excess of IL-4, exhibiting the specificity of IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL. The cytotoxicity of IL-4 toxin observed by a clonogenic assay corroborated well with the IC50 obtained by protein synthesis inhibition assay. Normal human endothelial cells expressed a negligible number of IL-4R (< 50 sites/cell) and were less sensitive or not sensitive to IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL. The presence of a new plasma membrane protein in the form of IL-4R on AIDS-KS cells may be targeted by IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL for its potential implication in the treatment of AIDS-KS. JF - Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Husain, S R AU - Gill, P AU - Kreitman, R J AU - Pastan, I AU - Puri, R K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 327 EP - 338 VL - 3 IS - 5 SN - 1076-1551, 1076-1551 KW - Antigens, CD KW - 0 KW - Cross-Linking Reagents KW - Exotoxins KW - Immunotoxins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase KW - EC 2.7.7.49 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Pseudomonas -- genetics KW - Exotoxins -- genetics KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Exotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Humans KW - Gene Expression KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Binding, Competitive KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Colony-Forming Units Assay KW - Interleukin-4 -- genetics KW - Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- genetics KW - Interleukin-4 -- pharmacology KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- genetics KW - Antigens, CD -- genetics KW - Immunotoxins -- genetics KW - Immunotoxins -- pharmacology KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- metabolism KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79092820?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+medicine+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Interleukin-4+receptor+expression+on+AIDS-associated+Kaposi%27s+sarcoma+cells+and+their+targeting+by+a+chimeric+protein+comprised+of+circularly+permuted+interleukin-4+and+Pseudomonas+exotoxin.&rft.au=Husain%2C+S+R%3BGill%2C+P%3BKreitman%2C+R+J%3BPastan%2C+I%3BPuri%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Husain&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+medicine+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10761551&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cell. 1974 Dec;3(4):355-9 [4442124] J Immunol. 1997 Jan 15;158(2):756-64 [8992992] J Am Acad Dermatol. 1981 Oct;5(4):468-71 [7287964] J Exp Med. 1987 Aug 1;166(2):476-88 [3496417] Science. 1989 Jan 13;243(4888):223-6 [2643161] J Biol Chem. 1989 Apr 25;264(12):6984-9 [2523386] Year Immunol. 1989;5:126-59 [2652925] Int J Cancer. 1989 Jun 15;43(6):1137-44 [2543647] Eur J Immunol. 1989 Sep;19(9):1637-41 [2529125] Cell. 1989 Oct 20;59(2):335-48 [2805066] J Biol Chem. 1990 Jan 5;265(1):439-44 [2294112] Blood. 1990 Mar 1;75(5):1114-8 [2306518] J Immunol. 1991 Apr 1;146(7):2272-9 [2005396] J Immunol. 1991 May 1;146(9):2972-6 [2016533] Blood. 1991 May 1;77(9):1859-70 [2018830] Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1991 Apr;5(2):281-95 [2022594] Blood. 1991 Oct 15;78(8):2070-4 [1912585] Curr Opin Oncol. 1991 Oct;3(5):867-71 [1751580] Cancer Res. 1992 Jan 15;52(2):275-9 [1728401] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 1;89(15):7046-50 [1323124] J Biol Chem. 1992 Nov 15;267(32):22752-8 [1429625] J Clin Invest. 1993 Jan;91(1):83-7 [8423236] J Clin Invest. 1993 Mar;91(3):759-65 [8450057] J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 5;268(19):14065-70 [8314773] Cancer Invest. 1993;11(4):473-86 [8324651] EMBO J. 1993 Jul;12(7):2663-70 [8101483] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1993 Aug;9(8):741-6 [8217343] Science. 1993 Dec 17;262(5141):1880-3 [8266078] Clin Exp Immunol. 1994 Jan;95(1):148-55 [8287600] Cell Immunol. 1994 Apr 1;154(1):369-79 [8131209] Cancer Res. 1994 Mar 15;54(6):1415-7 [8137240] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jul 19;91(15):6889-93 [8041715] Int J Cancer. 1994 Aug 15;58(4):574-81 [8056454] Int J Cancer. 1994 Sep 1;58(5):744-8 [8077061] Immunol Today. 1994 Sep;15(9):423-32 [7945783] Br J Haematol. 1994 Jun;87(2):413-4 [7947290] Curr Opin Oncol. 1994 Sep;6(5):497-502 [7827153] J Biol Chem. 1995 Feb 24;270(8):3512-7 [7876085] Oncol Res. 1994;6(9):419-27 [7703528] J Biol Chem. 1995 Apr 14;270(15):8797-804 [7721786] Cancer Res. 1995 Aug 1;55(15):3357-63 [7614471] J Clin Invest. 1995 Sep;96(3):1319-27 [7657807] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 29;92(18):8353-7 [7667294] Curr Biol. 1995 May 1;5(5):469-71 [7583090] J Biol Chem. 1995 Dec 22;270(51):30829-36 [8530527] Cell Immunol. 1996 Jul 10;171(1):80-6 [8660841] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1996 Sep 20;12(14):1349-59 [8891114] Anal Biochem. 1980 Sep 1;107(1):220-39 [6254391] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic determination of acriflavine and proflavine residues in channel catfish muscle. AN - 79043580; 9170648 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for determination of acriflavine (ACR) and proflavine (PRO) residues in channel catfish muscle. Residues were extracted with acidified methanol solution, and extracts were cleaned up with C18 solid-phase extraction columns. Residue concentrations were determined on an LC cyano column, with spectrophotometric detection at 454 nm. Catfish muscle was individually fortified with ACR (purified from commercial product) and PRO at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 ppb (5 replicates per level). Mean recoveries from fortified muscle at each level ranged from 86 to 95%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.5 to 5.7%. The method was applied to incurred residues of ACR and PRO in muscle after waterborne exposure of channel catfish to commercial acriflavine (10 ppm total dye for 4 h). RSDs for incurred residues of ACR and PRO were in the same range as those for fortified muscle. Low residue concentrations (< 1% of exposure water concentration) suggested poor absorption of ACR and PRO in catfish. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Plakas, S M AU - el Said, K R AU - Jester, E L AU - Bencsath, F A AU - Hayton, W L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 486 EP - 490 VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Local KW - 0 KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Acriflavine KW - 1T3A50395T KW - Proflavine KW - CY3RNB3K4T KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - Muscles -- chemistry KW - Ictaluridae KW - Fluorescent Dyes -- analysis KW - Acriflavine -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Local -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Proflavine -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79043580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+acriflavine+and+proflavine+residues+in+channel+catfish+muscle.&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M%3Bel+Said%2C+K+R%3BJester%2C+E+L%3BBencsath%2C+F+A%3BHayton%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercuric chloride-induced reactive oxygen species and its effect on antioxidant enzymes in different regions of rat brain. AN - 79031983; 9177012 AB - The present study was undertaken to determine if in vitro exposure to mercuric chloride produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the synaptosomes prepared from various regions of rat brain. The effects of in vivo exposure to mercury on antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in different regions of rat brain were also investigated. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (CD) rats were dosed with 0, 1, 2.0 or 4.0 mg HgCl2/kg body weight, for 7 days. One week after the last dose, animals were sacrificed by decapitation, their brains were removed and dissected and frozen in dry ice prior to measuring the activities of these enzymes. The results demonstrated that in vitro exposure to mercury produced a concentration-dependent increase of ROS in different regions of the rat brain. In vivo exposure to mercury produced a significant decrease of total SOD, Cu, Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD activities in the cerebellum of rats treated with different doses of mercury. SOD activity did not vary significantly in cerebral cortex and brain stem. GPx activity declined in a dose-dependent manner in the cerebellum with a significant reduction in animals receiving the 4 mg HgCl2/kg body weight. The activity of GPx increased in the brain stem while unchanged in the cerebral cortex. The results demonstrate that inorganic mercury decreased SOD activity significantly in the cerebellum while GPx activity was affected in both cerebellum and brain stem. Therefore, it can be concluded that oxidative stress may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders caused by mercury intoxication. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Hussain, S AU - Rodgers, D A AU - Duhart, H M AU - Ali, S F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 395 EP - 409 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Mercuric Chloride KW - 53GH7MZT1R KW - Glutathione Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.9 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Brain Stem -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Male KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- drug effects KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Mercuric Chloride -- toxicity KW - Glutathione Peroxidase -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79031983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Mercuric+chloride-induced+reactive+oxygen+species+and+its+effect+on+antioxidant+enzymes+in+different+regions+of+rat+brain.&rft.au=Hussain%2C+S%3BRodgers%2C+D+A%3BDuhart%2C+H+M%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Hussain&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression by phenobarbital of ethionine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma formation and hepatic S-adenosylethionine levels. AN - 79025809; 9163702 AB - An 18-month carcinogenicity study was conducted in male weanling F344 rats (28/group) to examine the effects of the simultaneous feeding of selected concentrations of ethionine and 0.05% phenobarbital in a normal chow diet. The effects of a 1-6-week feeding of phenobarbital and ethionine on the hepatic levels of the related metabolites S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylethionine were also examined. Ethionine at 0.3% or 0.1% induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCCa) at incidences of 90% (19/21) and 89% (24/27), respectively. Adding phenobarbital to the 0.1% ethionine diet reduced the incidence of HCCa to 36% (10/28) and reduced the number of liver tumor-associated deaths occurring prior to terminal sacrifice from 10/27 to 1/28. No hepatic tumors were observed in rats fed 0, 0.003, 0.01, or 0.03% ethionine. Phenobarbital alone or combined with 0.03% ethionine produced no hepatic tumors. Dietary ethionine at 0.1% reduced the intracellular hepatic level of S-adenosylmethionine to <50% of that seen in control rats. Phenobarbital alone had little effect on either S-adenosylmethionine or S-adenosylhomocysteine levels. The combination of phenobarbital and 0.1% ethionine led to increases in the hepatic levels of S-adenosylmethionine of 40-60% after 3 and 6 weeks of feeding, compared to those seen in rats receiving 0.1% ethionine alone. Ethionine feeding resulted in high levels of S-adenosylethionine in the livers. Combining phenobarbital with ethionine in the diet led to 30-50% reductions in hepatic S-adenosylethionine content. The results indicate that phenobarbital inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis by ethionine, that ethionine may cause HCCa via methyl group insufficiency, and that at levels of < or =0.03% ethionine did not show evidence of tumorigenicity. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Allen, P T AU - Poirier, L A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Nutritional Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1103 EP - 1107 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - S-adenosylethionine KW - 524-70-9 KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - 7LP2MPO46S KW - Adenosine KW - K72T3FS567 KW - Ethionine KW - WX1BN24WZT KW - Phenobarbital KW - YQE403BP4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - S-Adenosylmethionine -- metabolism KW - Organ Size KW - Methylation KW - Male KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Ethionine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Ethionine -- metabolism KW - Ethionine -- administration & dosage KW - Adenosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Phenobarbital -- administration & dosage KW - Ethionine -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Adenosine -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79025809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Suppression+by+phenobarbital+of+ethionine-induced+hepatocellular+carcinoma+formation+and+hepatic+S-adenosylethionine+levels.&rft.au=Allen%2C+P+T%3BPoirier%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-12 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extraction and cleanup of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in fats by supercritical fluid techniques. AN - 79024207; 9170660 AB - A supercritical fluid extraction and cleanup procedure was developed for separating organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides from fats. Supercritical carbon dioxide modified with 3% (v/v) acetonitrile was used to extract the pesticides at 60 degrees C and separate the pesticides from the fats at 4000 psi and 95 degrees C on an in-line, C1 silica-based column. The extraction and cleanup procedure gave good recoveries for 43 of 62 nonpolar to moderately polar organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides from fats, whereas 49 were recovered through conventional Florisil column cleanup before quantitation. This procedure can extract and clean up pesticide residues from 0.65 g animal-based fat and 1.0 g oils. Coeluted residues in the pesticide fraction ranged from 2.5 mg for butterfat to 0.8 mg for corn oil. Results for samples analyzed with this integrated extraction cleanup procedure were reproducible and comparable with results obtained with the current Total Diet Study methodology. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Hopper, M L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Total Diet and Pesticide Research Center, Lenexa, KS 66285-5905, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 639 EP - 646 VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Dietary Fats KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - Insecticides KW - Magnesium Silicates KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Florisil KW - 1343-88-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Food Analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- isolation & purification KW - Dietary Fats -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Insecticides -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79024207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Extraction+and+cleanup+of+organochlorine+and+organophosphorus+pesticide+residues+in+fats+by+supercritical+fluid+techniques.&rft.au=Hopper%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Hopper&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of cellular response to silicone implants in rats: implications for foreign-body carcinogenesis. AN - 79019870; 9151998 AB - Foreign-body (FB) carcinogenesis is a classic model of multistage tumour development in rodents. Previous studies have demonstrated that the physical characteristics of the implant, and not the chemical composition, are the critical determinants of tumour development. The recent controversy over silicone breast implants has raised questions regarding the potential carcinogenicity of lifetime tissue exposure to silicone products. The present study was designed to determine whether the inflammatory and fibrotic reactions associated with silicone implants are due to a non-specific foreign-body reaction or whether these responses reflect the unique chemical composition of silicone. F344 rats were implanted subcutaneously with one of three biomaterials: silicone elastomer (Group 1); impermeable cellulose acetate filters (Group 2, positive control); or porous cellulose acetate filters (Group 3, negative control). The silicone and cellulose implants of Groups 1 and 2 have been previously shown to induce fibrosarcomas in rodents, whereas the porous cellulose acetate implants of Group 3 have been shown to be non-carcinogenic. One week and two months after implantation, the pericapsular tissues were evaluated using histopathological and in situ immunohistochemical analyses. Endpoints included expression of leucocyte antigens CD4 (T helper/inducer), CD8 (T suppressor/cytotoxic) and CD11 b/c (macrophage), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as an indicator of proliferation, and in situ end-labelling (ISEL) of 3'OH DNA strand breaks as an indicator of DNA damage and apoptosis. The results indicated that the acute and chronic cellular responses to silicone (Group 1) were not different from impermeable cellulose filters (Group 2) of identical size and shape, suggesting that these responses were not unique to silicone. The inflammatory response to the carcinogenic cellulose and silicone implants (Groups 1 and 2) was attenuated and associated with the formation of a thick fibrotic capsule. In contrast, the porous cellulose filters (Group 3) induced a markedly different cellular response in which the inflammatory reaction was more extensive, prolonged and associated with minimal fibrosis. Within the fibrotic capsule surrounding the tumorigenic implants, but not the non-tumorigenic implants, cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death were increased and associated with persistent DNA strand breaks. Taken together, the results suggest that the micrometre-scale surface morphology of the implant determines the nature of the subsequent cellular response which may predispose to tumour development. Further, these studies serve to emphasize the critical importance of appropriate physical controls in studies designed to evaluate carcinogenic or autoimmune manifestations associated with silicone implants in order to rule out the contribution of the chronic foreign-body reaction. JF - Biomaterials AU - James, S J AU - Pogribna, M AU - Miller, B J AU - Bolon, B AU - Muskhelishvili, L AD - FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 667 EP - 675 VL - 18 IS - 9 SN - 0142-9612, 0142-9612 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Silicones KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Animals KW - Apoptosis KW - DNA Damage KW - Cell Survival KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Fibrosis -- pathology KW - In Situ Hybridization KW - Leukocytes -- pathology KW - Chronic Disease KW - Male KW - Cell Division KW - Foreign-Body Reaction -- physiopathology KW - Foreign-Body Reaction -- pathology KW - Silicones -- metabolism KW - Foreign-Body Reaction -- etiology KW - Silicones -- toxicity KW - Silicones -- adverse effects KW - Prostheses and Implants -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79019870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+cellular+response+to+silicone+implants+in+rats%3A+implications+for+foreign-body+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=James%2C+S+J%3BPogribna%2C+M%3BMiller%2C+B+J%3BBolon%2C+B%3BMuskhelishvili%2C+L&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomaterials&rft.issn=01429612&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of rifabutin and its 25-desacetyl metabolite, LM565, by human liver microsomes and recombinant human cytochrome P-450 3A4: relevance to clinical interaction with fluconazole. AN - 79014782; 9145845 AB - Rifabutin and fluconazole are often given concomitantly as therapy to prevent opportunistic infections in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Recent reports have shown increased levels of rifabutin and its 25-desacetyl metabolite, LM565, in plasma when rifabutin is administered with fluconazole. Since fluconazole is known to inhibit microsomal enzymes, this study was undertaken to determine if this rifabutin-fluconazole interaction was due to an inhibition of human hepatic enzymes. The metabolism of both rifabutin and LM565 was evaluated in human liver microsomes and recombinant human cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 3A4 in the presence of fluconazole and other probe drugs known to inhibit CYP groups 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A. The concentrations of rifabutin (1 microg/ml), LM565 (1 microg/ml), and fluconazole (10 and 100 microg/ml) used were equal to those observed in plasma after the administration of rifabutin and fluconazole at clinically relevant doses. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess the metabolism of rifabutin and LM565. Rifabutin was readily metabolized to LM565 by human microsomes, but the reaction was independent of NADPH and was not affected by the P-450 inhibitors. No rifabutin metabolism by recombinant CYP 3A4 was found to occur. LM565 was also metabolized by human microsomes to two products, but metabolism was dependent on NADPH and was affected by certain P-450 inhibitors. In addition, LM565 was readily metabolized by the recombinant CYP 3A4 to the same two products found with its metabolism by human microsomes. Therefore, rifabutin is metabolized by human microsomes but not via cytochrome P-450 enzymes, whereas LM565 is metabolized by CYP 3A4. JF - Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy AU - Trapnell, C B AU - Jamis-Dow, C AU - Klecker, R W AU - Collins, J M AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. trapnell@a1.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 924 EP - 926 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 25-desacetylrifabutin KW - 100324-63-8 KW - Rifabutin KW - 1W306TDA6S KW - Fluconazole KW - 8VZV102JFY KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - CYP3A protein, human KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Drug Interactions KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Fluconazole -- pharmacology KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- metabolism KW - Rifabutin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Rifabutin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79014782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+rifabutin+and+its+25-desacetyl+metabolite%2C+LM565%2C+by+human+liver+microsomes+and+recombinant+human+cytochrome+P-450+3A4%3A+relevance+to+clinical+interaction+with+fluconazole.&rft.au=Trapnell%2C+C+B%3BJamis-Dow%2C+C%3BKlecker%2C+R+W%3BCollins%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Trapnell&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=924&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Ann Intern Med. 1994 Oct 1;121(7):510-2 [8067648] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1994 Jun;311(2):437-42 [8203907] J Infect Dis. 1995 Mar;171(3):747-50 [7876634] Clin Pharmacokinet. 1995 Feb;28(2):115-25 [7736687] Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1995;36(2):107-14 [7767945] J Infect Dis. 1995 Aug;172(2):599-602 [7622915] Ann Intern Med. 1996 Mar 15;124(6):573-6 [8597321] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Nov;102 Suppl 9:101-5 [7698069] Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1988;34(6):595-9 [2901960] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989 Aug;33(8):1237-41 [2552902] Drug Metab Dispos. 1990 Mar-Apr;18(2):180-2 [1971570] JAMA. 1990 Dec 5;264(21):2788-90 [1977935] Xenobiotica. 1990 Nov;20(11):1113-9 [2177293] Am J Med Sci. 1991 Aug;302(2):129-32 [1897559] FASEB J. 1992 Jan 6;6(2):752-8 [1371482] Pharm Res. 1991 Nov;8(11):1434-40 [1665904] JAMA. 1993 Mar 24-31;269(12):1513-8 [8445813] N Engl J Med. 1993 Sep 16;329(12):828-33 [8179648] N Engl J Med. 1994 Feb 10;330(6):438-9 [8284019] N Engl J Med. 1994 Mar 24;330(12):868 [8114854] N Engl J Med. 1994 May 5;330(18):1315-6 [8145794] N Engl J Med. 1994 May 5;330(18):1316-7 [7695673] Ann Intern Med. 1994 Jun 1;120(11):932-44 [8172439] N Engl J Med. 1995 Mar 16;332(11):700-5 [7854376] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari:Ixodidae) to plant-derived acaricides. AN - 79007350; 9151500 AB - Plant-derived acaricides, extracted from various botanical species, and commercially available phytochemicals were evaluated for biological activity against immature Ixodes scapularis (Say) using the disposable pipet method. In addition, residual activity of the plant extracts was determined. Of the 13 plant extracts tested, 9 exhibited biological activity with Alaska yellow cedar, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach., being the most effective against the nymphal ticks (LC50 = 0.151% wt:vol) and eastern red cedar, Juniperus virginiana L., showing the greatest activity against larval ticks (LC50 = .001% wt:vol). The commercially available products were significantly less active than the plant extracts we prepared, but some commercial compounds did exhibit limited activity. Only the Alaska yellow cedar exhibited any residual activity that lasted 21 d after treatment. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Panella, N A AU - Karchesy, J AU - Maupin, G O AU - Malan, J C AU - Piesman, J AD - Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 340 EP - 345 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ixodes KW - Plants KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Tick Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79007350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+immature+Ixodes+scapularis+%28Acari%3AIxodidae%29+to+plant-derived+acaricides.&rft.au=Panella%2C+N+A%3BKarchesy%2C+J%3BMaupin%2C+G+O%3BMalan%2C+J+C%3BPiesman%2C+J&rft.aulast=Panella&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of toremifene on neonatal rat uterine growth and differentiation. AN - 79004161; 9160724 AB - In the developing rodent uterus, the estrogen agonist activity of triphenylethylene antiestrogens such as tamoxifen alters uterine luminal epithelium morphology and inhibits uterine gland genesis. We examined uterine growth and differentiation in female offspring from date-mated Sprague-Dawley rats given the structurally related antiestrogen, toremifene, by s.c. injection in 10 microl of sesame oil on postnatal days (PND) 1-5, 10-14, or 20-24. Toremifene given on PND 10-14, a period of rapid uterine gland differentiation, caused a dose-related increase in uterine weight, tripled luminal epithelium cell height, and completely inhibited uterine gland development on PND 14 at doses of 10 microg or higher. Based on this dose-response analysis, a 10-microg dose of toremifene was chosen to assess uterine development after neonatal exposure (PND 1-5). Uterine weights and luminal epithelium cell heights were significantly increased by toremifene on PND 5 but returned to control levels by PND 26. Uterine gland numbers were reduced to 50% those of controls on PND 26. Dose-related uterine weight and luminal epithelium cell height increases were also observed in rats given toremifene on PND 20-24. This estrogen agonist activity of toremifene, revealed primarily in the uterine luminal epithelium, indicates that toremifene is developmentally toxic. JF - Biology of reproduction AU - Medlock, K L AU - Branham, W S AU - Sheehan, D M AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1239 EP - 1244 VL - 56 IS - 5 SN - 0006-3363, 0006-3363 KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Toremifene KW - 7NFE54O27T KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Age Factors KW - Epithelium -- growth & development KW - Female KW - Epithelium -- drug effects KW - Uterus -- growth & development KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Toremifene -- pharmacology KW - Toremifene -- administration & dosage KW - Uterus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79004161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.atitle=Effects+of+toremifene+on+neonatal+rat+uterine+growth+and+differentiation.&rft.au=Medlock%2C+K+L%3BBranham%2C+W+S%3BSheehan%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Medlock&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.issn=00063363&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of CUSUM technique and beta-binomial model in monitoring adverse drug reactions. AN - 78984983; 9136066 AB - The cumulative sum (CUSUM) technique is applied to monitor spontaneous reports of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The beta-binomial model, as suggested by Moussa (2), was used to fit the observed proportion of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, and ulcer (UGIBPU) for drug A, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). ADRs reported directly by physicians and manufacturers from the third quarter of 1982 through the fourth quarter of 1985 were analyzed. The model estimates the proportion of UGIBPUs for drug A, expressed as a fraction of all UGIBPUs for NSAIDs. To illustrate the procedure, estimated mean proportion of UGIBPUs for drug A and all NSAIDs was computed for directly reported physician and manufacturer ADRs. The beta-binomial model leads to estimates of 0.096 for directly reported physician ADRs compared to 0.039 for directly reported manufacturer ADRs. The difference is statistically significant (p < 0.025) by the method of maximum likelihood applied to the beta-binomial model. Moussa also suggested the use of this model for signaling important new ADRs. For these data on NSAIDs, the CUSUM method is less likely to signal an alarm than the approaches suggested by Mandel (5) and Patwary (4). JF - Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics AU - Lao, C S AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health (HFZ-542), Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 227 EP - 239 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1054-3406, 1054-3406 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Binomial Distribution KW - Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- adverse effects KW - Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage -- chemically induced KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Models, Statistical KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78984983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.atitle=Application+of+CUSUM+technique+and+beta-binomial+model+in+monitoring+adverse+drug+reactions.&rft.au=Lao%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Lao&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.issn=10543406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-26 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of the biological activities of meningococcal endotoxins by association with outer membrane proteins is not inevitably linked to toxicity. AN - 78965134; 9125592 AB - Meningococcal sepsis results partly from overproduction of host cytokines after macrophages interact with endotoxin. To obtain less toxic and highly immunomodulatory meningococcal endotoxins for prophylactic purposes, we investigated the relationship between endotoxicity and immunomodulatory activity of several endotoxin preparations from Neisseria meningitidis group B. Using the D-galactosamine-sensitized mouse model to determine endotoxin lethality, we found that the toxicity of purified lipooligosaccharide (LOS) from M986, a group B disease strain, was three to four times higher than those of purified LOSs from the noncapsulated strains M986-NCV-1 and OP-, the truncated-LOS mutant. The LOSs of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and detergent-treated OMVs (D-OMVs) from the three strains were 2 to 3 and over 300 times less toxic than the purified LOSs, respectively. Intraperitoneal administration of these preparations induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in serum 2 h after injections. However, repeated doses of low- and high-toxicity preparations induced lower amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-6, i.e., LOS tolerance. Injection of mice with low doses of LOS was as effective as injection with high doses in inducing tolerance. Peritoneal macrophages from tolerant mice pretreated with either high- or low-toxicity LOS preparations produced only a fraction of the amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-6 produced by control groups in response to LOS ex vivo. Despite tolerance to LOS induced by pretreatment with reduced-toxicity preparations, killing of N. meningitidis M986 by macrophages from these animals was enhanced. Protection was achieved when mice treated with LOS, and especially that of D-OMVs, were challenged with live N. meningitidis. The least toxic LOS, that in D-OMVs, was most effective in inducing hyporesponsiveness to endotoxin in mice but protected them against challenge with N. meningitidis. No inevitable link between toxicity and host immune modulation and responses was shown. Our results show that LOS is responsible for both toxicity and immunomodulation. When LOS is tightly associated with outer membrane proteins in D-OMV, it reduces toxicity but enhances beneficial effects compared to results with its purified form. Thus, systematic and critical evaluation of D-OMVs as adjuvants or as portions of group B meningococcal vaccines may help improve survival and outcome in meningococcal sepsis. JF - Infection and immunity AU - Quakyi, E K AU - Hochstein, H D AU - Tsai, C M AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1972 EP - 1979 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins KW - 0 KW - Endotoxins KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Galactosamine KW - 7535-00-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Galactosamine -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- immunology KW - Biological Assay KW - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins -- metabolism KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- biosynthesis KW - Mice KW - Macrophages, Peritoneal -- immunology KW - Macrophages, Peritoneal -- drug effects KW - Immune Tolerance KW - Interleukin-6 -- blood KW - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins -- immunology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Macrophages, Peritoneal -- metabolism KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Interleukin-6 -- immunology KW - Phagocytosis -- drug effects KW - Interleukin-6 -- biosynthesis KW - Sepsis -- prevention & control KW - Sepsis -- immunology KW - Neisseria meningitidis -- metabolism KW - Endotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Meningococcal Infections -- immunology KW - Meningococcal Infections -- microbiology KW - Sepsis -- microbiology KW - Neisseria meningitidis -- pathogenicity KW - Endotoxins -- immunology KW - Endotoxins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78965134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+immunity&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+the+biological+activities+of+meningococcal+endotoxins+by+association+with+outer+membrane+proteins+is+not+inevitably+linked+to+toxicity.&rft.au=Quakyi%2C+E+K%3BHochstein%2C+H+D%3BTsai%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Quakyi&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1972&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-15 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lymphokine Cytokine Res. 1991 Apr;10(1-2):69-76 [1873359] J Infect Dis. 1990 Nov;162(5):1063-8 [1700023] J Bacteriol. 1993 May;175(9):2702-12 [8386724] Blood. 1995 Mar 1;85(5):1341-7 [7858264] J Infect Dis. 1995 Aug;172(2):433-9 [7622886] J Biol Chem. 1959 Aug;234(8):1971-5 [13672998] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1963 Sep;50:499-506 [14067096] Transplantation. 1964 Nov;2:685-94 [14224649] Adv Pharmacol. 1967;5:19-46 [4864477] Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1968 Feb;127(2):556-9 [4967029] N Engl J Med. 1970 Feb 19;282(8):417-20 [4983754] J Infect Dis. 1972 Nov;126(5):514-21 [4197754] N Engl J Med. 1974 Oct 3;291(14):733-4 [4851512] Bull World Health Organ. 1978;56(4):509-18 [31985] Am J Med. 1980 Mar;68(3):332-43 [6987870] Infect Immun. 1982 Jul;37(1):271-80 [6809629] Rev Infect Dis. 1983 Jan-Feb;5(1):71-91 [6338571] Infect Immun. 1984 Jan;43(1):407-12 [6418661] Fed Proc. 1985 Feb;44(2):300-4 [3881289] Anal Biochem. 1985 Oct;150(1):76-85 [3843705] J Immunol. 1986 Aug 15;137(4):1181-6 [3016088] Lancet. 1987 Feb 14;1(8529):355-7 [2880163] Annu Rev Med. 1987;38:417-32 [3555304] J Infect Dis. 1988 Mar;157(3):565-8 [3343526] Infect Immun. 1988 May;56(5):1352-7 [3356468] N Engl J Med. 1988 Aug 18;319(7):397-400 [3135497] J Exp Med. 1989 Jan 1;169(1):333-8 [2783334] J Immunol. 1989 Feb 1;142(3):948-53 [2536416] Crit Care Med. 1989 Jun;17(6):489-94 [2721208] Blood. 1989 Oct;74(5):1704-10 [2790194] J Biol Stand. 1989 Jul;17(3):249-58 [2477374] J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 25;264(36):21951-6 [2480960] J Clin Invest. 1990 Apr;85(4):1108-18 [2318968] J Immunol. 1990 Oct 1;145(7):2110-4 [1697876] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 May 15;89(10):4633-7 [1533934] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of a local exhaust ventilation control system for a foundry casting-cleaning operation. AN - 78964372; 9134666 AB - A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a local exhaust ventilation system for a foundry casting-cleaning operation in which a worker cleaned gray iron castings using a variety of handheld chipping and grinding tools. The operation originally had an exhaust system consisting only of an exhaust duct terminating approximately 1 m (3 ft) above the floor and 2 m (6 ft) from the casting-cleaning workstation. An earlier evaluation of this original control system found time-weighted average exposures to respirable silica ranging from 124 to 160 micrograms/m3. The local exhaust ventilation system evaluated in this present study consisted of a downdraft booth outfitted with a turntable for manipulating the castings. The modified local exhaust ventilation system was installed at this facility and connected to the existing plant exhaust ventilation system through the original ductwork. A direct-reading instrument was used to measure the operator's respirable aerosol exposure concentrations during a single day both before and after the installation of the new workstation. The same worker was sampled both times. The operator's activities were recorded on videotape so that the exposures associated with the various tools could be determined. While day-to-day variability could not be accounted for, depending on the type of tool used the local exhaust ventilation system reduced exposures by 59 to 79% during casting cleaning by the sampled worker when compared with the original configuration. These reductions were statistically significant. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Gressel, M G AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 354 EP - 358 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Videotape Recording KW - Equipment Design KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Ventilation -- instrumentation KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Ventilation -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78964372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+a+local+exhaust+ventilation+control+system+for+a+foundry+casting-cleaning+operation.&rft.au=Gressel%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Gressel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Follow-back study of oldest workers with emergency department-treated injuries. AN - 78946020; 9099364 AB - The aging of the U.S. workforce highlights the need to address issues affecting older workers specifically. Telephone surveys were conducted with injured workers identified through a surveillance system based in a sample of emergency departments in the United States. The 176 interviewed cases correspond to a national estimate of 8,263 (s.e. = 1,258) injuries to workers aged 63 years and older during May 15-September 30, 1993. Five percent reported limitations in the types or amount of work they could perform prior to the injury. Ninety-four percent reported familiarity with the task resulting in injury. Fifty-one percent returned to work without missing any workdays; however, 69% required return visits to a health care provider. Thirty-four percent reported receiving training in injury prevention. Twenty percent of the injured workers were self-employed and 43% worked for small businesses. Data from this study provide insight into routinely collected statistics and have implications for future research and intervention efforts. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Castillo, D AU - Rodriguez, R AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 609 EP - 618 VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- statistics & numerical data KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78946020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+katG+and+inhA+genes+of+isoniazid-resistant+clinical+isolates+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis.&rft.au=Rouse%2C+D+A%3BLi%2C+Z%3BBai%2C+G+H%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Rouse&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2472&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nationwide survey of fluoroscopy: radiation dose and image quality. AN - 78943831; 9114107 AB - To determine the average abdominal entrance air kerma, low-contrast sensitivity, and spatial resolution in upper gastrointestinal tract fluoroscopy in the United States. A random sample of fluoroscopic facilities was selected to be surveyed for the Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends program. Measurements were performed by using a newly developed fluoroscopic phantom. The surveys were conducted by state radiation control personnel. Average air kerma rates 1 cm above the tabletop, free in air, were 43 mGy/min (n = 340). The rate increased to 64 mGy/min when a 1.6-mm-thick copper filter, which simulated the use of barium contrast medium, was added to increase attenuation. The average entrance air kerma, free in air, for radiographs was 3.4 mGy, and an average of 12 radiographs were obtained per examination. Of 352 facilities surveyed, 306 (87%) were able to resolve wire mesh with 20 or more lines per inch. Of 339 facilities for which percentage contrast could be calculated, 192 (57%) had minimum percentage contrast values of 4% or more. Spatial resolution for fluoroscopy is adequate for most of the facilities surveyed, but a substantial proportion of facilities could not visualize low-contrast test objects, which strongly suggests image quality problems. JF - Radiology AU - Suleiman, O H AU - Conway, B J AU - Quinn, P AU - Antonsen, R G AU - Rueter, F G AU - Slayton, R J AU - Spelic, D C AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md. 20850, USA. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 471 EP - 476 VL - 203 IS - 2 SN - 0033-8419, 0033-8419 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Phantoms, Imaging KW - Random Allocation KW - Humans KW - Digestive System -- diagnostic imaging KW - Data Collection KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Fluoroscopy -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78943831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Silica+exposure+and+autoimmune+diseases.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BGoldsmith%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Radiology 1998 Apr;207(1):278 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased precision using countermatching in nested case-control studies. AN - 78942731; 9115016 AB - Nested case-control studies in occupational cohorts are often used to estimate exposure effects when development of detailed exposure estimates for all cohort members is too costly. Duration of exposure, which can act as a surrogate for cumulative exposure, is often readily available for all cohort members. Langholz and others have recently proposed a method of control selection called countermatching, which uses data on the surrogate to determine which controls are selected from the risk set for a given case. This method may increase precision relative to the usual random sampling of the risk set. We compare countermatching with random sampling in a nested case-control study of silicosis among miners. Data on cumulative exposure were in fact available for all cohort members, enabling estimation of the parameter of interest in the full cohort. We conducted nested case-control analyses using 100, 20, 10, and 3 controls per case using random sampling and additional analyses using 3 controls per case with two different methods of countermatching. All analyses were replicated 50 times to explore the statistical properties of the estimated exposure parameter. We found that one of the countermatching methods markedly increased efficiency compared with random sampling. Countermatching using 3 controls per case yielded an approximate 25% increase in relative efficiency compared with random sampling; it was approximately equivalent to random sampling using 10 controls. JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Steenland, K AU - Deddens, J A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 238 EP - 242 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Silicosis -- epidemiology KW - Mining KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Case-Control Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78942731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Increased+precision+using+countermatching+in+nested+case-control+studies.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BDeddens%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Epidemiology. 1997 May;8(3):227-9 [9115013] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Larger Threat of Infectious Diseases AN - 61558297; 9805409 AB - Much of the critique presented by David Murray & Joel Schwartz in "Alarmism Is an Infectious Disease" (1997 [see abstract 9805399]) is selective in its description of "Trends in Infectious Diseases Mortality in the US" (Pinner, 1996). The original article was only one of 200+ reports on infectious diseases that reached the conclusion that renewed public concern was necessary. The contested estimates of the burden of infectious diseases were conservative: only mortality was studied, rather than the broader socioeconomic impact of disease; the study focused on infectious disease as a single diagnosis, ignoring cases with multiple causes of death; & researchers relied on the International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, which eliminated some diseases from study & restricted the dates of study to 1980-1992, which Murray & Schwartz found suspect. In addition, the recent trend of outbreaks, eg, cryptosporidiosis, salmonella, & E. Coli, continue to challenge public health, warranting increased medical involvement. J. Goldshmidt JF - Society AU - Pinner, Robert W AD - Dept Health & Human Services Public Health Service National Center Infectious Diseases, 1600 Clifton Rd NE Bldg 1 Atlanta GA 30333 Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 41 EP - 42 VL - 34 SN - 0147-2011, 0147-2011 KW - Public Health KW - Mortality Rates KW - Epidemics KW - Epidemiology KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Diseases KW - article KW - 2045: sociology of health and medicine; sociology of medicine & health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61558297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society&rft.atitle=The+Larger+Threat+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.au=Pinner%2C+Robert+W&rft.aulast=Pinner&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Society&rft.issn=01472011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SOCYA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diseases; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Epidemiology; Epidemics; Mortality Rates; Public Health ER - TY - BOOK T1 - First year implementation report for "Fathering: the man and the family" AN - 59759751; 1998-0501880 AB - Describes federal programs designed to strengthen the role of fathers in their families; in relation to four specific areas: social services, research strategies, public relations, and workplace attitudes; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, May 1 1997. Y1 - 1997/05/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 May 01 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Fathers -- United States KW - Family -- Social aspects KW - Personnel management -- Social aspects KW - Social service -- Work with families KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59759751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=First+year+implementation+report+for+%22Fathering%3A+the+man+and+the+family%22&rft.title=First+year+implementation+report+for+%22Fathering%3A+the+man+and+the+family%22&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://fatherhood.hhs.gov/year2.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Convenience store robberies in selected metropolitan areas. Risk factors for employee injury AN - 16256608; 4238555 AB - Circumstances of injury were abstracted from police reports for 1835 convenience store robberies that occurred during 1992 or 1993 in selected metropolitan areas of seven eastern states. Subset analyses were performed using the data (758 robberies) from four states with relatively complete risk factor information. The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of injury in a robbery situation for various risk factors. The overall risk of employee robbery-related injury could not be estimated because the probability of robbery is unknown. Of the 1835 robberies, 59% of the total robberies occurred at nighttime (9 p.m. to 3 a.m.), 47% occurred in stores previously robbed in the study period, 63% involved the use of a firearm, and 12% were associated with an injury to at least one employee. In the subset analysis of 758 robberies in four states, the employee probability of injury in a robbery was lower with firearm use compared with no weapon or use of a blunt instrument, and the probability of severe injury (defined as death, or an injury necessitating a trip to a hospital) was lower with a firearm compared with the use of a blunt instrument. However, all five fatalities were firearm-related. Other factors that were associated with a lower probability of employee injury included robbery occurrence in stores that had been robbed multiple times, compared with stores robbed only once; having 1 to 999 dollars stolen, compared with having no money stolen; and the presence of a customer(s) in the store at the time of the robbery. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Amandus, HE AU - Hendricks, SA AU - Zahm, D AU - Friedmann, R AU - Block, C AU - Wellford, C AU - Brensilber, D AU - Bynum, T AU - McManus, R AU - Malcan, J AU - Weiss, J C AU - Kessler, D AD - Injury Intervention, Analysis and Field Evaluations Branch, Div. Safety Res., NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 442 EP - 447 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - convenience store robberies KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16256608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Convenience+store+robberies+in+selected+metropolitan+areas.+Risk+factors+for+employee+injury&rft.au=Amandus%2C+HE%3BHendricks%2C+SA%3BZahm%2C+D%3BFriedmann%2C+R%3BBlock%2C+C%3BWellford%2C+C%3BBrensilber%2C+D%3BBynum%2C+T%3BMcManus%2C+R%3BMalcan%2C+J%3BWeiss%2C+J+C%3BKessler%2C+D&rft.aulast=Amandus&rft.aufirst=HE&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=442&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro glucuronidation of D-23129, a new anticonvulsant, by human liver microsomes and liver slices AN - 16101911; 4205950 AB - The metabolic profile of D-23129, a new anticonvulsant agent, was studied in vitro using human liver microsomes and fresh liver slices. Oxidative metabolism appeared to be minimal with D-23129. The percent mean total radioactivity not associated with the parent compound recovered from oxidative metabolism studies from three individual liver donors was 0.7% plus or minus 0.6 SD and was not significantly different from [ super(14)C]-D-23129 incubated with heat inactivated microsomes, mean = 0.5% plus or minus 0.4 SD. Phase II conjugation dominated the metabolism of D-23129 producing two distinct N-glucuronides as the primary metabolites. These metabolites were identified by electrospray ionization LC/MS. The apparent K sub(m) for one of the glucuronide metabolites was determined in human liver microsome preparations from two individual liver donors to be 131 and 264 mu M respectively. V sub(max) determined for the same microsomal preparations yielded 48.9 and 59.9 pmol/min/mg protein. JF - Xenobiotica AU - McNeilly, P J AU - Torchin, C D AU - Anderson, L W AU - Kapetanovic, I M AU - Kupferberg, HJ AU - Strong, J M AD - Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 431 EP - 441 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - D-23129 KW - man KW - glucuronidation KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - microsomes KW - oxidative metabolism KW - Liver KW - Anticonvulsants KW - X 24114:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16101911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=In+vitro+glucuronidation+of+D-23129%2C+a+new+anticonvulsant%2C+by+human+liver+microsomes+and+liver+slices&rft.au=McNeilly%2C+P+J%3BTorchin%2C+C+D%3BAnderson%2C+L+W%3BKapetanovic%2C+I+M%3BKupferberg%2C+HJ%3BStrong%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=McNeilly&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anticonvulsants; Liver; microsomes; oxidative metabolism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of recommendations for replication-competent retrovirus testing associated with use of retroviral vectors AN - 16034423; 4088414 AB - This report represents issues involved with testing for replication-competent retrovirus (RCR) associated with the use of retroviral vectors--the aim being to foster discussion of this topic at the 1997 FDA/NIH Gene Therapy Conference. Included is a review of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) current recommendations for RCR testing, an examination of the scientific data available on RCR testing, and proposed discussion points regarding CBER's recommendations for RCR testing during retroviral vector production and for monitoring of patients who receive retroviral vector or vector-transduced cells. The information included in this paper is compiled from data in the published literature, data and viewpoints shared at the Retroviral Vector Breakout Session of the 1996 FDA/NIH Gene Therapy Conference, as well as further discussions with representatives from the gene therapy community affected by these recommendations. CBER's current recommendations for RCR testing during retroviral vector production were developed in 1993, at a time when clinical experience with retroviral vectors was still rather limited. Since that time, accumulating experience with the use of different vector-producing cells, RCR detection assays, and results from patient monitoring have allowed the generation of a small data base of information on the safety of the use of retroviral vectors in clinical applications of gene therapy. This provides a framework for CBER and the gene therapy community to revisit the RCR recommendations. In response to requests from the gene therapy community, CBER's goal is ultimately to update the recommendations for RCR testing based on the scientific data currently available, taking into consideration the safety risks associated with RCR and the practicality of implementing testing procedures. JF - Human Gene Therapy AU - Wilson, CA AU - Ng, Tie-Hua AU - Miller, A E AD - Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 869 EP - 874 VL - 8 IS - 7 SN - 1043-0342, 1043-0342 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - retrovirus KW - replication KW - cloning vectors KW - G 07443:Gene therapy KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16034423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+recommendations+for+replication-competent+retrovirus+testing+associated+with+use+of+retroviral+vectors&rft.au=Wilson%2C+CA%3BNg%2C+Tie-Hua%3BMiller%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=869&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=10430342&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reviews; retrovirus; replication; cloning vectors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of an alkaline phosphatase-labeled DNA probe for enumeration of Vibrio vulnificus in Gulf Coast oysters AN - 16032755; 4089361 AB - A direct plating method and an FDA method were compared for enumeration of Vibrio vulnificus in Gulf Coast oysters. The direct plating method was based on hybridization of colony lifts and used an alkaline phosphatase-labeled oligonucleotide probe that targeted the cytolysin gene (Direct-VVAP). The FDA method employs most probable number analysis with confirmation of suspect isolates by enzyme immunoassay (MPN-EIA). Indigenous V. vulnificus levels in oysters harvested from Florida, Alabama and Louisiana throughout the year and in Gulf Coast market oysters ranged from <10 to 105 g-1. Similar V. vulnificus levels (r=0.66) were found with these two procedures in freshly harvested oysters collected between April and October. Measurement variance was much greater, however, with the MPN procedure (0.118) than with the DNA probe procedure (0.004). In market oysters, the MPN-EIA procedure gave 0.4 log10 higher estimates than the Direct-VVAP method, but the methods were closely correlated (r=0.83). Confirmation procedures were in agreement ?90% of the time, as suspect isolates confirmed by one procedure were identified by the other procedure. Except when V. vulnificus densities are low (<10 g-1), the Direct-VVAP method provides an alternative procedure that is more rapid and precise than the MPN-EIA analysis. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - DePaola, A AU - Motes, M L AU - Cook, D W AU - Veazey, J AU - Garthright, W E AU - Blodgett, R AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island Alabama, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 115 EP - 120 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - DNA probes KW - Mollusca KW - culture KW - enzyme immunoassay KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16032755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+an+alkaline+phosphatase-labeled+DNA+probe+for+enumeration+of+Vibrio+vulnificus+in+Gulf+Coast+oysters&rft.au=DePaola%2C+A%3BMotes%2C+M+L%3BCook%2C+D+W%3BVeazey%2C+J%3BGarthright%2C+W+E%3BBlodgett%2C+R&rft.aulast=DePaola&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mollusca; Vibrio vulnificus; DNA probes; enzyme immunoassay; culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Asbestosis and silicosis AN - 15992477; 4075057 AB - Interstitial fibrosis resulting from workplace exposure to asbestos and crystalline silica persists throughout the world despite knowledge of the causes and effective means for prevention. Asbestosis and silicosis occurrence is predictable among people overexposed to dusts in various industries and occupations such as mining, construction, manufacturing, and building maintenance. Asbestosis and silicosis are incurable and may be progressive even after dust exposure has ceased, therefore early recognition and supportive interventions are important. Although current disease is a result of past exposures, effective control of current workplace exposures is the only way to prevent continued occurrence of these potentially debilitating diseases. Physicians can contribute to this effort through accurate diagnosis and disease reporting. JF - Lancet AU - Wagner, G R AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1997/05// PY - 1997 DA - May 1997 SP - 1311 EP - 1315 VL - 349 IS - 9061 SN - 0099-5355, 0099-5355 KW - asbestosis KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - silicosis KW - dust KW - occupational exposure KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - H SI0.8.7:DUST UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15992477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Asbestosis+and+silicosis&rft.au=Wagner%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-05-01&rft.volume=349&rft.issue=9061&rft.spage=1311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet&rft.issn=00995355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - silicosis; occupational exposure; reviews; dust; asbestosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chaparral-associated hepatotoxicity. AN - 78944211; 9129552 AB - Personal health care practices that may include the use of dietary supplements are common in the United States. Products marketed as dietary supplements are diverse and may include botanicals, vitamins, and/or minerals. Chaparral (Larrea tridentata) is a botanical dietary supplement made from a desert shrub and used for its antioxidant properties. Several reports of chaparral-associated hepatitis have been published since 1990, but a complete picture of the clinical presentation is still unclear. We reviewed the 18 case reports of adverse events associated with the ingestion of chaparral reported to the Food and Drug Administration between 1992 and 1994. These reports were from health care professionals, state health departments, and individual consumers. Of 18 reports of illnesses associated with the ingestion of chaparral, there was evidence of hepatotoxicity in 13 cases. Clinical presentation, characterized as jaundice with a marked increase in serum liver chemistry values, occurred 3 to 52 weeks after the ingestion of chaparral, and it resolved 1 to 17 weeks after most individuals stopped their intake of chaparral. The predominant pattern of liver injury was characterized as toxic or drug-induced cholestatic hepatitis; in 4 individuals, there was progression to cirrhosis; and in 2 individuals, there was acute fulminant liver failure that required liver transplants. These data indicate that the use of chaparral may be associated with acute to chronic irreversible liver damage with fulminant hepatic failure, and they underscore the potential for certain dietary supplement ingredients to cause toxic effects on the liver. Health professionals should be encouraged to inquire routinely about the use of dietary supplements and other products, to be alert to potential adverse effects that may be associated with these products, and, finally, to report any serious adverse events associated with these products through the MEDWatch Program of the Food and Drug Administration. JF - Archives of internal medicine AU - Sheikh, N M AU - Philen, R M AU - Love, L A AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 1997/04/28/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Apr 28 SP - 913 EP - 919 VL - 157 IS - 8 SN - 0003-9926, 0003-9926 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Cholestasis -- chemically induced KW - Liver Cirrhosis -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Disease Progression KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hepatic Encephalopathy -- chemically induced KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- blood KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- complications KW - Plants, Medicinal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78944211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Chaparral-associated+hepatotoxicity.&rft.au=Sheikh%2C+N+M%3BPhilen%2C+R+M%3BLove%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Sheikh&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-04-28&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=913&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=00039926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION CONSOLIDATION, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND. AN - 36409547; 6380 AB - PURPOSE: The consolidation of the headquarter facilities of the Food and Drug Administration's Office of the Commissioner, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research to a state-of-the-art facility on one location in Montgomery County, Maryland, is proposed. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are considered in this draft EIS. Under the preferred alternative, the headquarters would be consolidated to a facility at the Naval Surface Warfare Center at White Oak. This facility would include a compact layout, utilizing medium-rise buildings clustered on approximately 130 acres (52 hectares). A 40-acre remote parking lot and a new access road to Cherry Hill Road would be constructed. The other action alternative would involve the reuse of the existing White Oak facilities. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed action would provide a consolidated facility for the FDA. The consolidation would improve administrative and operational efficiency and facilitate communication and interaction among staff. The state-of-the-art laboratories and buildings would provide flexibility for the FDA to quickly and economically respond to changing priorities and programs and advances in science and technology through modular planning and systems flexibility. The new facilities would improve safety and reduce potential hazards through careful design of the laboratories, animal rooms, offices, and support spaces, including adequate processing and storage areas for wastes. The new facilities would also improve energy efficiency through heat recovery strategies, central power plant efficiencies, site placement and landscaping, and an efficient building envelope, form, and operation. A quality workplace environment would also improve FDA's opportunities to recruit and retain high quality employees. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The proposed action would involve the demolition of all existing buildings within the 130-acre development area. Construction on steep slopes and highly erodible soils produces the potential for soil erosion at rates greater than that which would occur under natural conditions. The erosion of soils on steep slopes could lead to sedimentation in on-site streams. The cumulative adverse impacts to water resources on the White Oak site would include increased levels of sedimentation, pollutants, and thermal loading in streams on and around the site. Up to 25 acres of forest land would be cleared for construction. The use of pesticides and fertilizers to maintain lawns and landscaping on the site could adversely affect groundwater quality. There would be some cumulative adverse impacts to wetlands on the White Oak site due to on- and off-site development. Increases in flooding, erosion, and sediment loads would be anticipated to adversely affect existing wetlands. Development around the site would increase the amounts of airborne pollutants that are harmful to vegetation. Sulfur dioxide (resulting from burning fossil fuels for energy or heating) and ozone (resulting from a combination of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen with unburned hydrocarbons from automobile exhausts) could cause dieback and general decline in vegetated areas. On-site habitats could be adversely affected by these pollutants. Asbestos has been identified in many of the buildings which would be designated for demolition or renovation with the proposed project area. LEGAL MANDATES: National Capital Planning Act of 1952 (40 U.S.C. 71d(a)). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 96-0183D, Volume 20, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 970153, 651 pages and maps, April 23, 1997 PY - 1997 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Buildings KW - Employment KW - Forests KW - Health Hazards KW - Land Use KW - Parking KW - Public Health KW - Research Facilities KW - Maryland KW - National Capital Planning Act of 1952, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36409547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-04-23&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=U.S.+FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+CONSOLIDATION%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.title=U.S.+FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+CONSOLIDATION%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - General Services Administration, Montgomery County, Maryland; GSA N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: April 23, 1997 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequelae of parenteral domoic acid administration in rats: comparison of effects on different metabolic markers in brain. AN - 78975250; 9134959 AB - Parenterally administered domoic acid, a structural analog of the excitatory amino acids glutamic acid and kainic acid, has specific effects on brain histology in rats, as measured using different anatomic markers. Domoic acid-induced convulsions affects limbic structures such as hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, and different anatomic markers can detect these neurotoxic effects to varying degrees. Here we report effects of domoic acid administration on quantitative indicators of brain metabolism and gliosis. Domoic acid, 2.25 mg/kg i.p., caused stereotyped behavior and convulsions in approximately 60% of rats which received it. Six to eight days after domoic acid or vehicle administration, the animals were processed to measure regional brain incorporation of the long-chain fatty acids [1-(14)C]arachidonic acid ([14C]AA) and [9,10-(3)H]palmitic acid ([3H]PA), or regional cerebral glucose utilization (rCMRglc) using 2-[1-(14)C]deoxy-D-glucose, by quantitative autoradiography. Others rats were processed to measure brain glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Domoic acid increased GFAP in the anterior portion of cerebral cortex, the caudate putamen and thalamus compared with vehicle. However, in rats that convulsed after domoic acid GFAP was significantly increased throughout the cerebral cortex, as well as in the hippocampus, septum, caudate putamen, and thalamus. Domoic acid, in the absence of convulsions, decreased relative [14C]AA incorporation in the claustrum and pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus compared with vehicle-injected controls. In the presence of convulsions, relative [14C]AA incorporation was decreased in hippocampus regions CA1 and CA2. Uptake of [3H]PA into brain was unaffected. Relative rCMRglc decreased in entorhinal cortex following domoic acid administration with or without convulsions. These results suggest that acute domoic acid exposure affects discrete brain circuits by inducing convulsions, and that domoic acid-induced convulsions cause chronic effects on brain function that are reflected in altered fatty acid metabolism and gliosis. JF - Brain research AU - Appel, N M AU - Rapoport, S I AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Bell, J M AU - Freed, L M AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708-2476, USA. appeln@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/04/18/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Apr 18 SP - 55 EP - 64 VL - 754 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - Neurotoxins KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - Arachidonic Acid KW - 27YG812J1I KW - Palmitic Acid KW - 2V16EO95H1 KW - Deoxyglucose KW - 9G2MP84A8W KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - domoic acid KW - M02525818H KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Seizures -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Glucose -- metabolism KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- metabolism KW - Organ Specificity KW - Autoradiography KW - Infusions, Parenteral KW - Palmitic Acid -- metabolism KW - Arachidonic Acid -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Seizures -- pathology KW - Male KW - Deoxyglucose -- metabolism KW - Kainic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Kainic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Kainic Acid -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78975250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Sequelae+of+parenteral+domoic+acid+administration+in+rats%3A+comparison+of+effects+on+different+metabolic+markers+in+brain.&rft.au=Appel%2C+N+M%3BRapoport%2C+S+I%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BBell%2C+J+M%3BFreed%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Appel&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-04-18&rft.volume=754&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - End-stage renal disease among silica-exposed gold miners. A new method for assessing incidence among epidemiologic cohorts. AN - 78942116; 9103346 AB - To examine the association between silica exposure and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Retrospective cohort study. A cohort of 2412 white male gold miners was studied. Eligible gold miners worked underground for at least 1 year between 1940 and 1965 in a South Dakota gold mine and were alive on January 1,1977. Of primary interest was exposure to silica. The ESRD Program Management and Medical Information System (PMMIS) was used to identify members of the gold mine cohort who had treated ESRD and to create a US rate file for treated ESRD. The ESRD incidence among the gold miners was compared with that in the US population. Based on the 11 cohort members identified with treated ESRD, the risk for ESRD in the cohort was elevated (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-2.46). The risk was greatest for nonsystemic ESRD (ESRD caused by glomerulonephritis or interstitial nephritis) for which the SIR was 4.22 (95% CI, 1.54-9.19), increasing to 7.70 (95% CI, 1.59-22.48) among workers with 10 or more years of employment underground. To our knowledge this is the first epidemiologic study to examine ESRD incidence in an occupational cohort. This study provides evidence that silica exposure is associated with an increased risk for ESRD, especially ESRD caused by glomerulonephritis. This study also demonstrates the usefulness of the ESRD PMMIS to assess ESRD risk among cohorts exposed to potential nephrotoxins. JF - JAMA AU - Calvert, G M AU - Steenland, K AU - Palu, S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. jac6@cdc.gov Y1 - 1997/04/16/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Apr 16 SP - 1219 EP - 1223 VL - 277 IS - 15 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Gold KW - 7440-57-5 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Registries KW - Risk KW - Glomerulonephritis KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Kidney Failure, Chronic -- etiology KW - Mining KW - Kidney Failure, Chronic -- epidemiology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78942116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=End-stage+renal+disease+among+silica-exposed+gold+miners.+A+new+method+for+assessing+incidence+among+epidemiologic+cohorts.&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BPalu%2C+S&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-04-16&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-28 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 1997 Aug 20;278(7):546-7 [9268268] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - In search of an elusive truth: "how much do Americans spend on their health care?" AN - 59772654; 1998-0501870 AB - Examines standards for measuring health care expenses and factoring these expenses into national measurements of poverty; US. US Department of Health and Human Services funded research. Analyzes measurements of aggregate household spending on health care, proportion spent for health needs of an elderly household member, and allocation of total household health expenditures to individual members. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, April 7 1997. AU - Betson, David M Y1 - 1997/04/07/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Apr 07 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Poverty -- Measurement KW - Medical service -- Costs KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Betson%2C+David+M&rft.aulast=Betson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1997-04-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=In+search+of+an+elusive+truth%3A+%22how+much+do+Americans+spend+on+their+health+care%3F%22&rft.title=In+search+of+an+elusive+truth%3A+%22how+much+do+Americans+spend+on+their+health+care%3F%22&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/poverty/papers/!moop.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considerations for toxicology studies of respiratory drug products. AN - 79073067; 9185894 AB - The standard approaches for the preclinical development of chronically administered drugs also apply to most respiratory drugs. Modifications from the standard preclinical development plan, however, may be necessary if the drug is administered intranasally or by inhalation. Administration by these routes may result in airway toxicity and the intended patient population is often particularly susceptible. Current and former representatives of the Division of Pulmonary Drug Products (CDER, U.S. FDA) present this article to describe general principles of preclinical development for respiratory drug indications. The article addresses drugs intended for administration by the intranasal or inhalation routes. The article describes the types of studies recommended, considers the initial human dose, and discusses dose-escalation strategies in clinical trials. Other areas of special concern with intranasal or inhalation administration include immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, types of dosing apparatus, excipients and extractables, and formulation changes. The approaches described in this article are intended as general information and should be adapted to the scientific considerations and circumstances of a particular drug under development. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - DeGeorge, J J AU - Ahn, C H AU - Andrews, P A AU - Brower, M E AU - Choi, Y S AU - Chun, M Y AU - Du, T AU - Lee-Ham, D Y AU - McGuinn, W D AU - Pei, L AU - Sancilio, L F AU - Schmidt, W AU - Sheevers, H V AU - Sun, C J AU - Tripathi, S AU - Vogel, W M AU - Whitehurst, V AU - Williams, S AU - Taylor, A S AD - Division of Pulmonary Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 189 EP - 193 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Respiratory System Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Research Design KW - Respiratory System Agents -- toxicity KW - Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79073067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Considerations+for+toxicology+studies+of+respiratory+drug+products.&rft.au=DeGeorge%2C+J+J%3BAhn%2C+C+H%3BAndrews%2C+P+A%3BBrower%2C+M+E%3BChoi%2C+Y+S%3BChun%2C+M+Y%3BDu%2C+T%3BLee-Ham%2C+D+Y%3BMcGuinn%2C+W+D%3BPei%2C+L%3BSancilio%2C+L+F%3BSchmidt%2C+W%3BSheevers%2C+H+V%3BSun%2C+C+J%3BTripathi%2C+S%3BVogel%2C+W+M%3BWhitehurst%2C+V%3BWilliams%2C+S%3BTaylor%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=DeGeorge&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carcinogenicity testing and the evaluation of regulatory requirements for pharmaceuticals. AN - 79065817; 9185889 AB - The results of rat and mouse carcinogenicity studies for 282 human pharmaceuticals in the FDA database were analyzed and compared as part of an International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) evaluation of rodent carcinogenicity studies and their utility for carcinogenicity testing. A majority of the carcinogenicity studies in the FDA database were carried out in Sprague-Dawley-derived rats and Swiss-Webster-derived CD-1 mice in contrast to Fisher 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice employed in National Toxicology Program (NTP) studies. Despite the differences in rodent strains, the relative proportion of compounds with positive findings (44.3%) and the degree of overall concordance between rats and mice (74.1%) in the FDA database were similar to the NTP rodent carcinogenicity database. Carcinogenicity studies in two rodent species are necessary primarily to identify trans-species tumorigens, which are considered to pose a relatively greater potential risk to humans than single species positive compounds. Two-year carcinogenicity studies in both rats and mice may not be the only means of identifying trans-species tumorigens. Sufficient experience is now available for some alternative in vivo carcinogenicity models to support their application as complementary studies in combination with a single 2-year carcinogenicity study to identify trans-species tumorigens. Our analysis of the rodent carcinogenicity studies supports such an approach for assessing carcinogenic potential without compromising the public health. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Contrera, J F AU - Jacobs, A C AU - DeGeorge, J J AD - Office of Testing and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 130 EP - 145 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Information Systems KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Social Control, Formal KW - Mice KW - Carcinogens -- chemistry KW - Pharmaceutical Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79065817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Carcinogenicity+testing+and+the+evaluation+of+regulatory+requirements+for+pharmaceuticals.&rft.au=Contrera%2C+J+F%3BJacobs%2C+A+C%3BDeGeorge%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Contrera&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a neurovirulent testing system for oral poliovirus vaccine with transgenic mice. AN - 79000053; 9150487 AB - Because only primates are susceptible to polioviruses, the neurovirulent safety and consistency of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) were assayed in the monkey neurovirulence test. After the development of transgenic (Tg) mice carrying the gene for human poliovirus receptor (PVR), the suitability of these mice to replace monkeys for OPV testing was evaluated. Two lines of Tg mice, TgPVR1 and TgPVR21, were tested. The TgPVR21 mice, inoculated in the spinal cord, were as sensitive as monkeys in discriminating between type-3 and type-2 OPV lots that had passed and those that had failed the monkey neurovirulence test. Results of the new molecular assay by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme cleavage indicated that each OPV lot contained minuscule amounts of neurovirulent revertants in the viral genome. All type-3 OPV lots that failed the monkey neurovirulence test had higher percentages of 472-C revertants than did lots that passed this test. Analysis of multiple type-3 OPV lots also indicated a good correlation between the contents of 472-C revertants and results of the TgPVR21 mouse test. An overview of a significant set of data suggests that the TgPVR21 mouse model is suitable for the evaluation of type-3 and type-2 OPV. The necessity of the TgPVR mouse test for the neurovirulence of type-1 OPV, which is the most stable of the three Sabin strains, is under consideration. JF - Laboratory animal science AU - Levenbook, I AU - Nomura, T AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 118 EP - 120 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0023-6764, 0023-6764 KW - Membrane Proteins KW - 0 KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral KW - Receptors, Virus KW - poliovirus receptor KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Spinal Cord KW - Nervous System -- virology KW - Receptors, Virus -- genetics KW - Mice KW - Poliovirus -- pathogenicity KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral -- administration & dosage KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral -- toxicity KW - Mice, Transgenic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79000053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Laboratory+animal+science&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+neurovirulent+testing+system+for+oral+poliovirus+vaccine+with+transgenic+mice.&rft.au=Levenbook%2C+I%3BNomura%2C+T&rft.aulast=Levenbook&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Laboratory+animal+science&rft.issn=00236764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The potential impact on women from environmental exposures. AN - 78968932; 9140851 JF - Journal of women's health AU - Burg, J A AU - Gist, G L AD - Exposure and Disease Registries Branch, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 159 EP - 161 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1059-7115, 1059-7115 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Health Status KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Registries KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Infant KW - Adult KW - Data Collection KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Women's Health KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78968932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+women%27s+health&rft.atitle=The+potential+impact+on+women+from+environmental+exposures.&rft.au=Burg%2C+J+A%3BGist%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Burg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+women%27s+health&rft.issn=10597115&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sequelae of parenteral domoic acid administration in rats: comparison of effects on different anatomical markers in brain. AN - 78935346; 9097394 AB - Brain damage following administration of domoic acid, a structural analog of the excitatory amino acids glutamic acid and kainic acid, was compared using different anatomic markers in adult rats. Seven days after administration of domoic acid (2.25 mg/kg i.p.) or vehicle, brains were collected and sectioned and stained to visualize Nissl substance using thionin, argyrophilia using a cupric silver staining method, astroglia using immunohistochemistry to detect glial fibrillary acidic protein-like immunoreactivity (GFAP-ir), and activated microglia using lectin histochemistry to detect Griffonia simplicifolia I-B4 isolectin (GSI-B4) binding in adjacent sections. In approximately 60% of rats to which it was administered, domoic acid caused stereotyped behavior within 60 min, followed by convulsions within 2-3 h. Brains of domoic acid-administered rats that did not manifest stereotyped behavior or convulsions did not differ from brains from vehicle-administered controls. In animals that had manifested stereotyped behavior and convulsions, Nissl staining was mostly unremarkable in brain sections. In contrast, there was intense argyrophilia in anterior olfactory nucleus, CA1 hippocampus, lateral septum, parietal (layer IV), piriform, and entorhinal cortices, ventral posterolateral thalamus, and amygdala. This pattern was reminiscent of that seen in postmortem specimens from humans who consumed domoic acid-tainted mussels and in experimental animals after kainic acid administration. Adjacent sections displayed astrogliosis, evidenced by increased GFAP-ir, which was more diffuse than the argyrophilic reaction. Activated microglia were revealed using GSI-B4 histochemistry. These data suggest activation of discrete brain circuits in rats that convulse following domoic acid administration and subsequent pathological alterations. The data strongly suggest that neuropathology following domoic acid occurs only in animals manifesting domoic acid-induced sterotypy and convulsions. The data do not rule out more insidious damage in behaviorally normal rats that receive domoic acid. JF - Synapse (New York, N.Y.) AU - Appel, N M AU - Rapoport, S I AU - O'Callaghan, J P AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. appeln@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 350 EP - 358 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0887-4476, 0887-4476 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - Neurotoxins KW - domoic acid KW - M02525818H KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Astrocytes -- drug effects KW - Organ Specificity KW - Microglia -- pathology KW - Microglia -- drug effects KW - Astrocytes -- pathology KW - Male KW - Kainic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Kainic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- analysis KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Kainic Acid -- toxicity KW - Neurons -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78935346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Synapse+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Sequelae+of+parenteral+domoic+acid+administration+in+rats%3A+comparison+of+effects+on+different+anatomical+markers+in+brain.&rft.au=Appel%2C+N+M%3BRapoport%2C+S+I%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Appel&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Synapse+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08874476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transplacental pharmacokinetics and fetal distribution of azidothymidine, its glucuronide, and phosphorylated metabolites in late-term rhesus macaques after maternal infusion. AN - 78933306; 9107545 AB - 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) is currently prescribed to pregnant women infected with human immunodeficiency virus to reduce the risk of vertical transmission of the virus to the fetus. Consequently, more information is needed concerning the placental transfer and tissue distribution of AZT and its metabolites. In the present study, the placental transfer and fetal accumulation of AZT, its glucuronide metabolite [3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine-beta-D-glucuronide (AZTG)], and phosphorylated metabolites were examined at steady-state in near-term rhesus macaques. One to 2 weeks before a chronic infusion, an intravenous bolus of 8 mg/kg AZT was administered to pregnant animals to determine the dose of AZT needed to reach steady-state plasma concentrations. On the day of hysterotomy, the mother was administered an intravenous loading dose of AZT, followed by a 3-hr steady-state intravenous infusion that also included a trace of [3H]AZT. After 3 hr of infusion, the mother was anesthetized, and the fetus was delivered. Plasma and amniotic fluid were analyzed for AZT and AZTG by HPLC, and tissue samples were analyzed for AZT, AZTG, and phosphorylated metabolites by strong anion exchange HPLC. Maternal steady-state plasma concentrations were 1.3-2.2 micrograms/ml for AZT and 2.3-8.0 micrograms/ml for AZTG. Fetal AZT and AZTG plasma concentrations were both lower (0.98-2.3 micrograms/ml and 1.3-5.4 micrograms/ml, respectively) than maternal concentrations, with fetal-to-maternal plasma ratios of 0.63-1.0 for AZT. Fetal tissue distribution of tritium was highest in the kidney and lowest in the brain. Although the active triphosphorylated metabolite was not detected in the fetus, the AZT-monophosphate was detected in almost all fetal tissues examined. Our data indicate that AZT is rapidly converted to the glucuronide and monophosphate metabolites in the fetus after maternal infusion. JF - Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals AU - Patterson, T A AU - Binienda, Z K AU - Lipe, G W AU - Gillam, M P AU - Slikker, W AU - Sandberg, J A AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 453 EP - 459 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - 3'-azido-3'-deoxy-5'-O-beta-glucopyranuronosylthymidine KW - 117675-21-5 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Zidovudine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Zidovudine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Pregnancy, Animal -- metabolism KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Zidovudine -- administration & dosage KW - Fetus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78933306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.atitle=Transplacental+pharmacokinetics+and+fetal+distribution+of+azidothymidine%2C+its+glucuronide%2C+and+phosphorylated+metabolites+in+late-term+rhesus+macaques+after+maternal+infusion.&rft.au=Patterson%2C+T+A%3BBinienda%2C+Z+K%3BLipe%2C+G+W%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BSandberg%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Working lifetime risk of occupational fatal injury. AN - 78930512; 9093662 AB - Estimates of risk accumulated over a working lifetime are used to assess the significance of many workplace health hazards. Utilizing data from the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system, estimates of the risk of work-related fatal injuries are provided for the 50 industries and the 50 occupations having the highest risks. Cause-specific risk estimates are provided for the six occupations at the greatest risk of occupational fatal injuries. Results suggest that the risks of certain work-related fatal injuries in some occupations (e.g., loggers being struck by falling objects) are of the same magnitude as risks previously identified for specific occupational illness exposures (e.g., lung cancer among uranium miners exposed to ionizing radiation). Assuming a 45-year working lifetime, cause-specific fatal injury risks reported in this paper range from a predetermined minimum of 1 death per 1,000 lifetime workers to 36.4 deaths per 1,000 lifetime workers. These results suggest that risk assessment for traumatic causes of death should be considered equally with risk assessments for health exposures, such as potential carcinogens. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Fosbroke, D E AU - Kisner, S M AU - Myers, J R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 459 EP - 467 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Multicenter Studies as Topic KW - Humans KW - Occupations KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Survival Analysis KW - Risk Assessment KW - Industry KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Cause of Death KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78930512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Working+lifetime+risk+of+occupational+fatal+injury.&rft.au=Fosbroke%2C+D+E%3BKisner%2C+S+M%3BMyers%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Fosbroke&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nicotine addiction: a pediatric disease. AN - 78929061; 9108846 JF - The Journal of pediatrics AU - Kessler, D A AU - Natanblut, S L AU - Wilkenfeld, J P AU - Lorraine, C C AU - Mayl, S L AU - Bernstein, I B AU - Thompson, L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of the Commissioner, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 518 EP - 524 VL - 130 IS - 4 SN - 0022-3476, 0022-3476 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Humans KW - Psychology, Adolescent KW - Child KW - Smoking -- psychology KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Tobacco, Smokeless KW - Advertising as Topic -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- psychology KW - Tobacco Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78929061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.atitle=Nicotine+addiction%3A+a+pediatric+disease.&rft.au=Kessler%2C+D+A%3BNatanblut%2C+S+L%3BWilkenfeld%2C+J+P%3BLorraine%2C+C+C%3BMayl%2C+S+L%3BBernstein%2C+I+B%3BThompson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=518&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.issn=00223476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suicide: The Scourge of Native American People AN - 61515731; 9802308 AB - Examines traditional tribal structure & historical factors that have impacted Native American culture in the context of reported high suicide rates among those ages 15-24. It is asserted that the strength in unity of purpose, philosophy, & belief systems in the tribal structure increases the sense of identity from a psychological, emotional, & social viewpoint. Education of Native American children in the Western education system impacted the traditional tribal structure by compelling children to repudiate much of their own background, resulting in the rejection of their parents' values & lifestyles. It is argued that organized religious groups influenced Native American tribes away from their traditional beliefs, thereby fragmenting & disuniting the tribes. It is concluded that suicidal Native Americans who seek assistance from mental health clinics must be allowed to grieve & discuss their feelings of historical trauma, alienation, & lack of identity. 5 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior AU - EchoHawk, Marlene AD - Alcoholism & Substance Abuse Program Branch Indian Health Service Headquarters West, Albuquerque NM 87110 Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - April 1997 SP - 60 EP - 67 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0363-0234, 0363-0234 KW - Cultural Conflict KW - Suicide KW - American Indians KW - Cultural Change KW - article KW - 1978: the family and socialization; sociology of death & dying UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61515731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Suicide+and+Life-Threatening+Behavior&rft.atitle=Suicide%3A+The+Scourge+of+Native+American+People&rft.au=EchoHawk%2C+Marlene&rft.aulast=EchoHawk&rft.aufirst=Marlene&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Suicide+and+Life-Threatening+Behavior&rft.issn=03630234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SLBEDP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Suicide; American Indians; Cultural Conflict; Cultural Change ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Grant Program for Rural Health Care Transition: 1997 Annual Progress Report AN - 196951952; 01496046; 10170353; 03378778 AB - A summary of the findings from the annual progress report on the Grant Program for Rural Health Care Transition is presented. JF - Health Care Financing Review AU - Secretary of Health and Human Services Y1 - 1997///Spring PY - 1997 DA - Spring 1997 SP - 293 EP - 4 CY - Washington PB - Superintendent of Documents VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 01958631 KW - Medical Sciences KW - Rural health care KW - Government grants KW - Progress KW - Reports KW - Rural areas KW - Health care KW - Government subsidies KW - Progress reports KW - Grants KW - US KW - 1200:Social policy KW - 8320:Health care industry KW - 9190:US KW - United States KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (U.S.) KW - Rural Health Services -- organization & administration KW - Politics KW - Financing, Government KW - Rural Health Services -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/196951952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aabiglobal&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Care+Financing+Review&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Grant+Program+for+Rural+Health+Care+Transition%3A+1997+Annual+Progress+Report&rft.au=Secretary+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aulast=Secretary+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Care+Financing+Review&rft.issn=01958631&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Name - Congress N1 - Copyright - Copyright Superintendent of Documents Spring 1997 N1 - Last updated - 2011-08-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - US ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel role for B cells in early protective immunity to an intracellular pathogen, Francisella tularensis strain LVS AN - 15946624; 4050827 AB - Normal BALB/cByJ mice given a sublethal infection of Francisella tularensis strain LVS survived 10 super(6) LD sub(50)s of lethal challenge given only 3 days later. Here, we determine the cell types responsible for this very strong early protective immunity. Early protection is observed in athymic nu/nu mice but not fully immunodeficient scid mice, implicating a lymphocyte in this response. Using scid mice that are reconstituted with various purified cell subpopulations, as well as mice with genetically targeted disruptions in lymphocyte subpopulations (knockout mice), we demonstrate that strong early protection is highly dependent on B cells. This protective mechanism, which limits bacterial growth in the organs of the reticuloendothelial system very quickly after infection, requires IFN- gamma but is unlikely to involve specific Ab. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Culkin, S J AU - Rhinehart-Jones, T AU - Elkins, K L AD - DBP/CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 431, Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1997/04// PY - 1997 DA - Apr 1997 SP - 3277 EP - 3284 VL - 158 IS - 7 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - mice KW - immunity KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Francisella tularensis KW - lymphocytes B KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06749:Function UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15946624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=A+novel+role+for+B+cells+in+early+protective+immunity+to+an+intracellular+pathogen%2C+Francisella+tularensis+strain+LVS&rft.au=Culkin%2C+S+J%3BRhinehart-Jones%2C+T%3BElkins%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Culkin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Francisella tularensis; lymphocytes B; immunity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenic activity and specificity of hydrogen peroxide in the ad-3 forward-mutation test in two-component heterokaryons of Neurospora crassa. AN - 78922400; 9100841 AB - In the ad-3 forward-mutation test, hydrogen peroxide was at best a weak mutagen in nongrowing conidia from a DNA repair-proficient heterokaryon (H-12, uvs-2+/uvs-2+) but was a moderate mutagen in nongrowing conidia from a DNA-repair-deficient heterokaryon (H-59, uvs-2/uvs-2) over a narrow range of high concentrations. H-59 also was more sensitive than H-12 to the killing activity of hydrogen peroxide at high concentrations. Thus, a DNA-repair pathway, of which the gene product of the uvs-2+ allele is a part, appears to be involved in the repair of hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA lesions at low survival in these strains. There was slightly, but significantly, more killing by hydrogen peroxide of nongrowing conidia from H-12 and H-59 in the presence of O2 than in the absence of O2 (presence of N2). Thus, the killing activity of hydrogen peroxide was enhanced by O2. The Mutational Spectra of hydrogen peroxide-induced ad-3 mutants shows that hydrogen peroxide induced mainly gene/point mutations but also some multilocus deletion mutations in H-12 and H-59. Multiple-locus mutations occurred only in H-59, but the frequency was very low. The frequencies of the 3 kinds of intracistronic complementation pattern among ad-3BR mutants (gene/point mutations) suggest that hydrogen peroxide induced both base-pair substitutions and frameshift mutations in both strains. JF - Mutation research AU - Han, J S AD - Department of Natural Medicinals and Biologics, Korean Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, South Korea. Y1 - 1997/03/21/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Mar 21 SP - 169 EP - 184 VL - 374 IS - 2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - DNA Repair KW - Genes, Fungal KW - DNA Damage KW - Oxygen -- pharmacology KW - Point Mutation KW - Nitrogen -- pharmacology KW - Neurospora crassa -- genetics KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- toxicity KW - Neurospora crassa -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78922400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Mutagenic+activity+and+specificity+of+hydrogen+peroxide+in+the+ad-3+forward-mutation+test+in+two-component+heterokaryons+of+Neurospora+crassa.&rft.au=Han%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Han&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-21&rft.volume=374&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluoro-Jade: a novel fluorochrome for the sensitive and reliable histochemical localization of neuronal degeneration. AN - 78938735; 9098566 AB - Fluoro-Jade is an anionic fluorochrome capable of selectively staining degenerating neurons in brain slices. The histochemical application of Fluoro-Jade results in a simple, sensitive and reliable method for staining degenerating neurons and their processes. The technique will detect neuronal degeneration resulting from exposure to a variety of neurotoxic insults. Fluoro-Jade can be combined with other fluorescent methodologies including immunofluorescence, fluorescent axonal tract tracing, and fluorescent Nissl counterstaining. Compared to conventional methodologies, Fluoro-Jade is a more sensitive and definitive marker of neuronal degeneration than hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or Nissl type stains, while being comparably sensitive yet considerably simpler and more reliable than suppressed silver techniques. JF - Brain research AU - Schmued, L C AU - Albertson, C AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1997/03/14/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Mar 14 SP - 37 EP - 46 VL - 751 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Antihypertensive Agents KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Hallucinogens KW - Metals KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Propionates KW - Ibogaine KW - 3S814I130U KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine KW - 9P21XSP91P KW - Phencyclidine KW - J1DOI7UV76 KW - 3-nitropropionic acid KW - QY4L0FOX0D KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Eosine Yellowish-(YS) KW - TDQ283MPCW KW - Hematoxylin KW - YKM8PY2Z55 KW - Index Medicus KW - Eye Enucleation KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Rats KW - Male KW - Nissl Bodies -- chemistry KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Axons -- chemistry KW - Silver Staining KW - Stereotaxic Techniques KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique -- methods KW - Nerve Degeneration -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78938735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Fluoro-Jade%3A+a+novel+fluorochrome+for+the+sensitive+and+reliable+histochemical+localization+of+neuronal+degeneration.&rft.au=Schmued%2C+L+C%3BAlbertson%2C+C%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-03-14&rft.volume=751&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Stepping Stones To Using "Caring for Our Children": National Health and Safety Performance Standards for Out-of-Home Child Care Programs. Protecting Children from Harm. AN - 62518171; ED414053 AB - Developed in support of state licensing and regulatory agencies as well as state child care, health, and resource and referral agencies, and a variety of other public and private organizations, parents, and advocacy groups, this guide identifies those standards most needed for the prevention of injury, morbidity, and mortality in child care settings. The first section of the guide, "Building: Safety Policies and Practices," addresses topics such as facility access, exits, electrical fixtures, heating and ventilation, fire warning systems, pest control, play areas, water supply, and environmental hazards. The second section, "Other Safety Policies and Practices," addresses topics such as sanitation practices, emergency plans and procedures, first aid, licensing, and illegal drugs. The third section of the guide, "Policies/Practices/Staff Training," addresses topics such as staff ratios, orientation, first aid and CPR training, staff health, background check, child abuse recognition, discipline practices, developmentally appropriate practices, medication administration, confidential information, and release authorization. The final section, "Infection Control," addresses topics such as hand washing, diapering, food safety, reporting communicable diseases, HIV children and staff, drop-in care, ill child exclusion, immunizations, and universal precautions. The appendix consists of a glossary of terms, research methodology, and immunization schedules. (SD) Y1 - 1997/03/11/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Mar 11 SP - 70 PB - National Maternal and Child Health Clearinghouse, 2070 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 450, Vienna, VA 22182-2536; fax: 703-821-2098 (free). KW - Day Care Licensing KW - Day Care Regulations KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Facility Requirements KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Injuries KW - Safety KW - Child Health KW - Training Objectives KW - Early Childhood Education KW - School Safety KW - Children KW - Family Day Care KW - Disease Control KW - Day Care Centers KW - Safety Education KW - Child Advocacy KW - Risk Management KW - Standards KW - Emergency Programs KW - Accident Prevention UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62518171?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Introductory letter contains small, light type. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Annual update of the HHS poverty guidelines T2 - Federal Register v. 62, no. 46 AN - 59749540; 1997-0413770 AB - Update of the HHS poverty guidelines to account for the 1996 increase in prices as measured by the Consumer Price Index; effective Mar. 10, 1997; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, March 10 1997. Y1 - 1997/03/10/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Mar 10 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Poverty -- Measurement KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Public welfare -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59749540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+immunology&rft.atitle=IL-12+synergizes+with+IL-2+to+induce+lymphokine-activated+cytotoxicity+and+perforin+and+granzyme+gene+expression+in+fresh+human+NK+cells.&rft.au=DeBlaker-Hohe%2C+D+F%3BYamauchi%2C+A%3BYu%2C+C+R%3BHorvath-Arcidiacono%2C+J+A%3BBloom%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=DeBlaker-Hohe&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+immunology&rft.issn=00088749&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/poverty/97fedreg.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preface AN - 877594681; 13641682 JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Johnson, Barry L AU - Xintaras, Charles AU - Andrews, John S AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Public Health Service U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 105 EP - 107 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 13 IS - 2-3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/877594681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Preface&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Barry+L%3BXintaras%2C+Charles%3BAndrews%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379701300201 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379701300201 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of ethyl methacrylate exposures during the application of artificial fingernails. AN - 85238111; pmid-9075312 AB - In 1990 six cases of physician-diagnosed occupational asthma in cosmetologists working with artificial fingernails prompted the Colorado Department of Health to request the assistance of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) researchers in the evaluation and control of nail salon technician exposure. A commercially available recirculating downdraft table with charcoal filters was purchased and evaluated. Researchers from NIOSH made modifications to the table that included increasing the downdraft air volume; enlarging the plenum for more consistent airflow rates at the face of the table; removing the charcoal filters while incorporating a ventilation system to the outdoors; and putting an extension around the duct leading to the perforated plate at the downdraft face of the table. An evaluation was performed using the following two configurations: the modified table with the downdraft ventilation on (vented) and without the downdraft ventilation on (unvented). Each of the two configurations was sampled for 3 days in random order. Testing included the use of XAD-2 solid sorbent tubes for determining ethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate concentrations. Relative concentrations of organics were examined and used to analyze work practices. The geometric mean ethyl methacrylate exposure for personal breathing zone samples when using the modified table for approximately 6 hours was 0.6 ppm; when using the unventilated conventional table, the geometric mean exposure was 8.7 ppm. The difference in the values is statistically significant (p = 0.0045). Methyl methacrylate concentrations were nondetectable on all sorbent tubes. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Spencer, A B AU - Estill, C F AU - McCammon, J B AU - Mickelsen, R L AU - Johnston, O E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 214 EP - 218 VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Charcoal KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Filtration KW - Ventilation KW - Human KW - Asthma KW - Occupational Diseases KW - Methylmethacrylates KW - Nails KW - Beauty Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85238111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Control+of+ethyl+methacrylate+exposures+during+the+application+of+artificial+fingernails.&rft.au=Spencer%2C+A+B%3BEstill%2C+C+F%3BMcCammon%2C+J+B%3BMickelsen%2C+R+L%3BJohnston%2C+O+E&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=214&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of demographics in public health assessments at Superfund sites: a case study of Rocky Mountain arsenal. AN - 79089567; 9200801 JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Gregory, E W AU - West, L K AU - Weber, W M AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease, Registry Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. exg0@atsdtol1.em.cdc.gov PY - 1997 SP - 363 EP - 371 VL - 13 IS - 2-3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Registries KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Censuses KW - Colorado KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Demography KW - Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79089567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=The+role+of+demographics+in+public+health+assessments+at+Superfund+sites%3A+a+case+study+of+Rocky+Mountain+arsenal.&rft.au=Gregory%2C+E+W%3BWest%2C+L+K%3BWeber%2C+W+M&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazardous waste: human health effects. AN - 79085464; 9200784 JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Johnson, B L AD - Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. blj2@cdc.gov PY - 1997 SP - 121 EP - 143 VL - 13 IS - 2-3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Index Medicus KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Environmental Pollution KW - Hazardous Waste -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79085464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Hazardous+waste%3A+human+health+effects.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alteration in the biliary and urinary excretion of acetaminophen metabolites by nephrotoxicants in rats. AN - 79011271; 9144837 AB - It has been shown that ureter ligation increases the biliary excretion of acetaminophen (AA) conjugates, mainly as the sulfate in rats. This study was conducted to examine the effect of nephrotoxicants-that induce renal damage without liver injury on the biliary and urinary excretion of AA metabolites. Renal damage was produced in male S.D. rats, 1 day after dosing with 200 mg/kg p.o. of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD), or 3 day after the dosage of 7.5 mg/kg iv of cisplatin (CIS). Renal damage without liver injury was confirmed by measuring serum enzymes, creatinine and BUN levels. AA and its metabolites were measured for 3 hr by HPLC in rats injected iv with 150 mg/kg of AA. The excreted amounts of AA-glucuronide (AA-G), AA-sulfate (AA-S) and AA-glutathione into bile were reduced to 57, 18 and 73% of control rats, respectively, by HCBD. HCBD pretreatment also altered the urinary excretion of AA-G, AA-S and AA-mercapturate to 75, 14 and 118% of controls. CIS drastically reduced the urinary excretion of AA metabolites, whereas this compound significantly enhanced the biliary excretion of AA-S. However, CIS did not cause an increase in the percentage of the dose excreted as AA-G in bile. Both HCBD and CIS caused marked elevations in the blood concentrations of AA-G and AA-S. These findings suggest that: 1) not all renal malfunction results in increased biliary excretion of AA metabolites to compensate for the lack of renal elimination, and 2) the selective reduction in biliary and urinary excretion of AA-S by HCBD appears to occur by mechanism(s) other than through alteration of AA and its metabolites. JF - Research communications in molecular pathology and pharmacology AU - Seo, K W AU - Choung, S Y AU - Park, K S AU - Kim, H J AD - Department of Toxicology, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 305 EP - 317 VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 1078-0297, 1078-0297 KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic KW - 0 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - Butadienes KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Acetaminophen KW - 362O9ITL9D KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - hexachlorobutadiene KW - CQ8AAO9MO1 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Cisplatin KW - Q20Q21Q62J KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- administration & dosage KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Creatinine -- blood KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Cisplatin -- administration & dosage KW - Rats KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Butadienes -- toxicity KW - Cisplatin -- toxicity KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- toxicity KW - Butadienes -- administration & dosage KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Bile -- chemistry KW - Acetaminophen -- administration & dosage KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic -- pharmacokinetics KW - Acetaminophen -- pharmacokinetics KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Bile -- metabolism KW - Acetaminophen -- urine KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic -- urine KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic -- administration & dosage KW - Kidney -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79011271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+communications+in+molecular+pathology+and+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Alteration+in+the+biliary+and+urinary+excretion+of+acetaminophen+metabolites+by+nephrotoxicants+in+rats.&rft.au=Seo%2C+K+W%3BChoung%2C+S+Y%3BPark%2C+K+S%3BKim%2C+H+J&rft.aulast=Seo&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Research+communications+in+molecular+pathology+and+pharmacology&rft.issn=10780297&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory issues relating to therapies for periodontal regeneration. AN - 78999298; 9151556 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has regulated medical devices since May 1976, when the Medical Device Amendments were enacted. The clinical trial requirements for the marketing of periodontal regeneration devices have been dependent, in part, on the degree of their similarity to devices marketed prior to the legislative enactment date in terms of materials, indication statements, and labeling claims. Nonresorbable barriers were allowed to be marketed based on their equivalence to devices marketed prior to the enactment date based on biocompatability and clinical trial data under the premarket notification requirements section of the law. Bone filling materials such as hydroxyapatite were first marketed based on the finding of equivalence to predicate devices. Newer technologies such as bioabsorbable barriers have also been reviewed under the premarket notification provisions of the law, but manufacturers have been required to provide more extensive safety and effectiveness data to establish equivalence to pre-Amendments devices. Data to answer questions related to the potential toxicity of breakdown products, period of absorption, and ultimate clinical effectiveness needed to be answered prior to marketing. New devices that incorporate technologies that are not substantially equivalent to predicate devices must proceed through the premarket approval route to marketing. For new devices considered a potential significant risk to the patient population, clinical trials are conducted via the investigational device exemption (IDE) requirements that specify the means by which trials will proceed in order to protect the rights of patients. New devices of organic origin, such as bone morphogenic protein, have followed the premarket approval route with IDE requirements instituted as a condition for their path to the marketplace. Issues associated with immediate and long-term contact including potential toxicity, tumorigenicity, and sensitization need to be addressed with appropriate animal models. JF - Annals of periodontology AU - Singleton, D G AU - Torres-Cabassa, A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 223 EP - 228 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1553-0841, 1553-0841 KW - Bone Morphogenetic Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bone Substitutes KW - Dental Materials KW - Membranes, Artificial KW - Dentistry KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Bone Transplantation KW - Humans KW - Bone Morphogenetic Proteins -- standards KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Bone Substitutes -- standards KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Dental Materials -- standards KW - Device Approval -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Periodontal Diseases -- surgery KW - Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78999298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+periodontology&rft.atitle=Regulatory+issues+relating+to+therapies+for+periodontal+regeneration.&rft.au=Singleton%2C+D+G%3BTorres-Cabassa%2C+A&rft.aulast=Singleton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+periodontology&rft.issn=15530841&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-22 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory issues for evaluation of therapies to prevent or arrest disease progression. AN - 78994000; 9151552 AB - The Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act gives authority to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to regulate foods, human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and cosmetics which are to be introduced into interstate commerce. The approval of pharmaceutical products for the treatment and/or prevention of periodontal diseases requires presentation of evidence that supports the safety and efficacy of the particular drug therapy in question. Sponsors need to carefully consider each step in the overall development plan beginning with an Investigational New Drug Application and concluding with submission of a New Drug Application for pre-market approval. This paper focuses specifically on the design, conduct, and analysis of clinical trials of drugs for the prevention or treatment of periodontal diseases. It is based upon a guidance document under development at the time of this presentation by FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research that will include separate chemistry, toxicology, and biopharmaceutics sections. Unlike more formal FDA guidelines, a guidance document can be more easily and regularly updated to reflect changes in the state of the art of periodontal diagnosis and treatment. JF - Annals of periodontology AU - Hyman, F N AU - Welch, M E AU - Cheever, J R AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 166 EP - 179 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1553-0841, 1553-0841 KW - Dental Materials KW - 0 KW - Dentistry KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Disease Progression KW - Periodontal Index KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Dental Plaque Index KW - Research Design KW - Drug Approval -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Dental Materials -- standards KW - Periodontal Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) KW - Dental Materials -- therapeutic use KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- methods KW - Periodontal Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78994000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.atitle=Pro-oxidant+effects+of+cross-linked+haemoglobins+explored+using+liposome+and+cytochrome+c+oxidase+vesicle+model+membranes.&rft.au=Rogers%2C+M+S%3BPatel%2C+R+P%3BReeder%2C+B+J%3BSarti%2C+P%3BWilson%2C+M+T%3BAlayash%2C+A+I&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft.volume=310+%28+Pt+3%29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=827&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.issn=02646021&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-22 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serum levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in pulp and paper mill workers. AN - 78984478; 9134690 AB - Serum levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) among 46 long-term workers at a pulp and paper mill were compared to the levels in 16 community residents who never worked at the mill. Overall, there were no appreciable differences among the three exposure groups (community resident, low-exposure-potential worker, high-exposure-potential worker) for specific PCDDs or PCDFs. Neither exposure group nor duration in high-exposure-potential-jobs was related to total toxic equivalents (I-TEQ). Serum levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in this study generally were within the range previously reported for persons with no known occupational exposure. JF - Chemosphere AU - Tepper, A AU - Burt, S AU - Piacitelli, L AU - Patterson, D G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 1587 EP - 1603 VL - 34 IS - 5-7 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Paper KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Benzofurans -- blood KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- blood KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78984478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Serum+levels+of+polychlorinated+dibenzo-p-dioxins+and+dibenzofurans+in+pulp+and+paper+mill+workers.&rft.au=Tepper%2C+A%3BBurt%2C+S%3BPiacitelli%2C+L%3BPatterson%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Tepper&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran background in milk and cheese by quadrupole ion storage collision induced dissociation MS/MS. AN - 78979976; 9134668 AB - Recent developments in quadrupole ion storage scanning techniques have made possible the acquisition of mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data with high sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility. Retail dairy products were analyzed successfully for bioincurred or background contamination by all 17 of the 2,3,7,8 substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Analytes were measured by both full scan electron impact low resolution MS (EI-LRMS) and collision induced dissociation MS/MS (CID MS/MS). Results were comparable using either technique. MS/MS, however, provided higher sensitivity and selectivity on many congeners. Results for the MS/MS technique were reproducible, with little reduction in sensitivity or spectral quality during the analyses of all test samples. The MS/MS signal to noise ratio (S/N) was 10 to 100 times greater than low resolution electron impact performed with the same instrument in food matrices. Signal to noise ratios increased on most parent ions as well as for all daughter ions. Further development of this technique may provide a cost effective alternative to traditional HRMS analyses of PCDDs and PCDFs in food. JF - Chemosphere AU - Hayward, D G AD - Methods Research Branch, US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 929 EP - 939 VL - 34 IS - 5-7 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Food Analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Cheese -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78979976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Determination+of+polychlorinated+dibenzo-p-dioxin+and+dibenzofuran+background+in+milk+and+cheese+by+quadrupole+ion+storage+collision+induced+dissociation+MS%2FMS.&rft.au=Hayward%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5-7&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in and around ambulances. AN - 78942004; 9099436 AB - Electromagnetic interference (EMI) with medical devices can threaten patient safety. More information is needed regarding circumstances in health care environments in which electromagnetic (EM) field strengths are expected to be high, such as emergency/transport. In ambulances medical devices and communications equipment must function properly in close proximity. This study characterized EM fields in and around ambulances under realistic conditions. Two types of ambulances were surveyed: the advanced life support (ALS) unit and the basic life support (BLS) unit. The surveys were conducted on-site using the ambulance mobile radio as the primary source of EM energy. Broadband field-strength measurements were collected at various locations in and around the ambulance to map interior and exterior EM field distributions. Nine ambulances were surveyed. In addition to the transmitter power and frequency, the field strengths measured were shown to be dependent upon the shielding provided by the ambulance roof and proximity of the measurement probe to the antenna. Field-strength measurements frequently exceeded the 3 V/m standard immunity level for devices set by the IEC Standard 601-1-2. The results indicate that the ambulance environment presents a considerable challenge to medical devices specifically used for emergency medical care. In order to assure their proper operation, medical devices used for transport emergency care must be able to withstand exposure to EM field strengths comparable to those reported in this study. JF - Biomedical instrumentation & technology AU - Boivin, W S AU - Boyd, S M AU - Coletta, J A AU - Neunaber, L M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center, MA 01890, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 145 EP - 154 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0899-8205, 0899-8205 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Radio Waves KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Equipment and Supplies KW - Humans KW - Communication KW - Electronics KW - Electromagnetic Fields KW - Ambulances KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78942004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomedical+instrumentation+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+radiofrequency+electromagnetic+fields+in+and+around+ambulances.&rft.au=Boivin%2C+W+S%3BBoyd%2C+S+M%3BColetta%2C+J+A%3BNeunaber%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Boivin&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomedical+instrumentation+%26+technology&rft.issn=08998205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A computer program to promote understanding of the monitoring method evaluation guidelines used at NIOSH. AN - 78912948; 9075315 AB - A computer-based training program has been devised to promote better understanding of the recently revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) test guidelines applicable to methods requiring on-site sample collection and laboratory sample analysis of airborne toxic substances. A statistics section explains the basis of the NIOSH accuracy criterion (NAC); an experiments section provides details on the evaluation experiments; and a calculations section calculates method statistics based on data entered by the user. The statistics section graphically explains concepts such as the NAC and limit of detection, allowing the user to experiment with some parameters to see how the results are affected. This section also provides background material to show how some of the performance criteria evolved. The experiments section provides a summary of the experiments used to generate the data for method evaluation. The calculations section has several screens that work like customized spreadsheets for the entry of data collected during the laboratory evaluation of a method. A separate screen then calculates the precision (relative standard deviation) of analytical results at each of four concentrations, tests to see if the precision values are statistically homogeneous, and combines the homogeneous data for calculation of the relative standard deviation. It does the same for bias, and combines the precision with method bias to arrive at an estimate of method accuracy. Other screens in the calculations section facilitate the determination of method limit of detection and sample storage stability. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Abell, M T AU - Kennedy, E R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 236 EP - 241 VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Software KW - Humans KW - Curriculum KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Computer-Assisted Instruction KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78912948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=A+computer+program+to+promote+understanding+of+the+monitoring+method+evaluation+guidelines+used+at+NIOSH.&rft.au=Abell%2C+M+T%3BKennedy%2C+E+R&rft.aulast=Abell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute lung injury induced by a commercial leather conditioner. AN - 78909262; 9073590 AB - Following a formulation change, a leather conditioner was involved in a 1992 nationwide outbreak of respiratory illness. We investigated the composition and toxicity of the conditioner produced before (previous product) and after (new product) the disease outbreak. The new product induced tachypnea, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage, and sporadic deaths in exposed guinea pigs and rats. Ultrastructurally, these changes were associate with direct pulmonary cytotoxicity characterized by necrosis of alveolar type I cells and alveolar septal interstitial edema. Chemical analyses suggested major alterations in the fluorohydrocarbon constituents in the new formulation of the leather conditioner. While these alterations could not be specifically identified, they appeared to include changes from fluoralkanes to fluoroalkenes, fluorophenyl, and/or fluoroalcohol compounds. Changes in solvent composition were consistent with traces of 2-butoxyethanol and isomers of dipropylene glycol methyl ether, and additional C10-C12 alkanes. In this study, we demonstrated the toxicity of the new product in laboratory animals. Some of the altered constituents of the new product have been identified and are potential candidates for additional investigations to identify specific etiologic agents. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, J Y AU - Frazer, D G AU - Siegel, P D AU - Ducatman, B S AU - Grote, A AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Robinson, V A AU - Van Dyke, C AU - Barger, M AU - Xiang, J AU - Parker, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 37 EP - 46 VL - 143 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Aerosols KW - Ethylene Glycols KW - Fluorocarbons KW - Propylene Glycols KW - Solvents KW - propylene glycol methyl ether KW - 74Z7JO8V3U KW - ethyl acetate KW - 76845O8NMZ KW - n-butoxyethanol KW - I0P9XEZ9WV KW - Propane KW - T75W9911L6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Animals KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Gap Junctions -- ultrastructure KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Necrosis KW - Hemorrhage -- chemically induced KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- ultrastructure KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Tanning KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Epithelium -- ultrastructure KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Propane -- toxicity KW - Solvents -- toxicity KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Ethylene Glycols -- toxicity KW - Propylene Glycols -- toxicity KW - Lung Diseases -- pathology KW - Fluorocarbons -- toxicity KW - Acetates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78909262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Acute+lung+injury+induced+by+a+commercial+leather+conditioner.&rft.au=Hubbs%2C+A+F%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+J+Y%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BSiegel%2C+P+D%3BDucatman%2C+B+S%3BGrote%2C+A%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BVan+Dyke%2C+C%3BBarger%2C+M%3BXiang%2C+J%3BParker%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hubbs&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-17 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of micronucleated and multinucleated cells by man-made fibers in vitro in mammalian cells. AN - 78903479; 9120877 AB - Many workers as well as the general public are exposed to glass fibers, which are among the most common man-made fibers. Information related to their genotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity is still limited. In this study, we investigated the ability of glass fibers to induce micronucleated and multinucleated cells in cultured Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, the V79 cells. The induced micronuclei were further analyzed to determine the mechanism of micronucleus formation by staining the kinetochore with anti-kinetochore and fluoresceinated goat anti-human immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Three types of glass fibers (Manville 100 microfiber, Owens Corning AAA-10 microfiber, and Owens Corning general building insulation fiber) were studied. The results show that the two microfibers induced significant numbers of multinucleated and micronucleated cells in a concentration-related manner. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated a significant dose-related. increase in the proportion of kinetochore-positive micronuclei in cells treated with the two microfibers. These results indicate that the two microfibers are capable of inhibiting cytokinesis and are principally aneuploidogens. Unlike the two microfibers, the larger fibers neither induced micronuclei nor inhibited cytokinesis in V79 cells. Thus, the genotoxic potential of glass fibers in V79 cells may be related to their size. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Ong, T AU - Liu, Y AU - Zhong, B Z AU - Jones, W G AU - Whong, W Z AD - Division of Respiratory Disease, Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 409 EP - 414 VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - fiberglass KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cricetulus KW - Cell Line KW - Cricetinae KW - Kinetochores -- ultrastructure KW - Lung -- ultrastructure KW - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective -- ultrastructure KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Glass UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78903479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Induction+of+micronucleated+and+multinucleated+cells+by+man-made+fibers+in+vitro+in+mammalian+cells.&rft.au=Ong%2C+T%3BLiu%2C+Y%3BZhong%2C+B+Z%3BJones%2C+W+G%3BWhong%2C+W+Z&rft.aulast=Ong&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of sorbitol MacConkey and hemorrhagic coli agars for recovery of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from brie, ice cream, and whole milk. AN - 78900986; 9086590 AB - The relative efficacies of hemorrhagic coli (HC) agar and several formulations of sorbitol MacConkey (SorMac) agar, with and without 0.1% (w/v) 4-methyllumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide (MUG), in recovering unstressed and heat-stressed Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Brie cheese, ice cream, and whole milk were determined. Recovery of unstressed E. coli O157:H7 was determined quantitatively by spread-plating diluted samples onto different agars and performing plate counts. Recovery of stressed E. coli O157:H7 was determined qualitatively by enriching samples in modified trypticase soy broth, streaking the incubated enrichments, and isolating E. coli O157:H7 colonies from the agars. HC agar and the SorMac agar formulations did not differ significantly in their ability to recover unstressed E. coli O157:H7 from ice cream and whole milk; however, HC agar recovered significantly more unstressed E. coli O157:H7 from Brie cheese than did the SorMac agar formulations. Bacteriological Analytical Manual and Oxoid SorMac agar formulations made from individual ingredients, did not differ significantly in recovering unstressed E. coli O157:H7 from Brie cheese. The efficiency of the commercially available Oxoid SorMac agar could not be determined because of overgrowth by indigenous microflora. HC and SorMac agars did not differ significantly in recovering stressed E. coli O157:H7 from Brie cheese, ice cream, and whole milk. MUG had no apparent effect on recovery of either stressed or unstressed E. coli O157:H7 from the dairy foods examined. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Hammack, T S AU - Feng, P AU - Amaguaña, R M AU - June, G A AU - Sherrod, P S AU - Andrews, W H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 335 EP - 340 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - DNA Probes KW - Sorbitol KW - 506T60A25R KW - Agar KW - 9002-18-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA Probes -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Cheese KW - Ice Cream -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78900986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+sorbitol+MacConkey+and+hemorrhagic+coli+agars+for+recovery+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+from+brie%2C+ice+cream%2C+and+whole+milk.&rft.au=Hammack%2C+T+S%3BFeng%2C+P%3BAmagua%C3%B1a%2C+R+M%3BJune%2C+G+A%3BSherrod%2C+P+S%3BAndrews%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro photooxidation of nucleic acids by ultraviolet A radiation. AN - 78900732; 9077142 AB - Although ultraviolet A radiation (UVA, 315-400 nm) has been shown to induce oxidative stress in mammalian cells and skin, the critical chromophore(s) and molecular target(s) involved have not been identified. We examined the role of oxidative damage to nucleic acids induced by UVA. To assess photooxidation of cellular DNA and RNA by UVA, we irradiated human skin fibroblasts with up to 765 kJ/m2 UVA. Cellular DNA and RNA were isolated immediately and enzymatically hydrolyzed to nucleosides. 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a primary oxidation product in DNA, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoG), resulting from hydroxylation of guanine in RNA, were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection. We determined that irradiation of skin fibroblasts with levels of UVA that produced moderate toxicity also resulted in significant levels of guanine hydroxylation in RNA. Lower levels of photooxidation were observed in DNA. These results suggest that measurement of guanine hydroxylation in nucleic acids, particularly in cellular RNA, may be a powerful tool for investigating the photobiological activity of UVA. JF - Photochemistry and photobiology AU - Wamer, W G AU - Wei, R R AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 560 EP - 563 VL - 65 IS - 3 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Humans KW - Cell Line KW - RNA -- radiation effects KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - RNA -- chemistry KW - DNA -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78900732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+photooxidation+of+nucleic+acids+by+ultraviolet+A+radiation.&rft.au=Wamer%2C+W+G%3BWei%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Wamer&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-15 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program (November 30, 1996). AN - 78897245; 9075308 JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Esche, C A AU - Groff, J H AD - DHHS/PHS/CDC/NIOSH, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 184 EP - 185 VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Societies, Medical KW - Quality Control KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Health KW - Environmental Health KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- standards KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Laboratories -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78897245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Proficiency+Analytical+Testing+%28PAT%29+Program+%28November+30%2C+1996%29.&rft.au=Esche%2C+C+A%3BGroff%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Esche&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling drug residue uptake by eggs: yolks contain ampicillin residues even after drug withdrawal and nondetectability in the plasma. AN - 78887306; 9068044 AB - The present study was conducted to determine whether: 1) preovulatory yolks may be an important storage depot for drug residues in eggs laid days to weeks after drug withdrawal; and 2) the prediction model based on the pattern of drug incorporation in developing yolks is predictive of the pattern of residues contained in the sequence of eggs laid during and after drug withdrawal. To test these possibilities, 24 hens were dosed for either 1, 2, or 3 d with ampicillin, and the content and pattern of residues in laid eggs were evaluated during and after dosing. Hens were bled 24 h after the final dosing, and plasma ampicillin concentrations were determined. Ampicillin was used in this study because it has an extremely short plasma halflife in laying hens that limits additional drug transfer after drug withdrawal. Ampicillin concentrations were not detectable in plasma from hens injected with ampicillin for either 1, 2 or 3 d (assay sensitivity of 0.6 ng/ml or 0.6 ppb). Hens from all three injection groups produced eggs containing detectable ampicillin residues for 6 d after the last injection. These data demonstrate that drug residues are contained in eggs laid a number of days after drug withdrawal. Because plasma ampicillin was not detectable even 24 h after final dosing, the majority, if not all, of the incurred ampicillin residues contained in eggs laid after drug withdrawal were due to incorporation and storage of drug in preovulatory yolks during the dosing period. Additionally, accounting for ampicillin's stability, our model is predictive of the pattern of residues contained in eggs. These data emphasize the importance of transfer and storage of drugs in preovulatory yolks as a significant contributing mechanism for the production of incurred drug residues in eggs. JF - Poultry science AU - Donoghue, D J AU - Hairston, H AU - Henderson, M AU - McDonald, M AU - Gaines, S AU - Donoghue, A M AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center of Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 458 EP - 462 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Penicillins KW - 0 KW - Ampicillin KW - 7C782967RD KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Female KW - Penicillins -- blood KW - Penicillins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Residues -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Eggs -- analysis KW - Penicillins -- analysis KW - Egg Yolk -- chemistry KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Ampicillin -- analysis KW - Models, Biological KW - Chickens -- metabolism KW - Ampicillin -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ampicillin -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78887306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Modeling+drug+residue+uptake+by+eggs%3A+yolks+contain+ampicillin+residues+even+after+drug+withdrawal+and+nondetectability+in+the+plasma.&rft.au=Donoghue%2C+D+J%3BHairston%2C+H%3BHenderson%2C+M%3BMcDonald%2C+M%3BGaines%2C+S%3BDonoghue%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Donoghue&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of p53 and K-ras mutations in human lung cancer tissues. AN - 78878628; 9067544 AB - Studies were performed to examine the mutational pattern of K-ras exons 1 and 2 and p53 exons 5-8 in lung cancer tissues from 27 Chinese patients (10 smokers, 17 non-smokers) using single-stranded conformational polymorphism and DNA sequencing. K-ras mutations were found in 13/27 tumors (48%); all mutations were clustered in exon 1 and distributed between codons 9 and 32. The frequency and number of patients with K-ras mutations between smokers and non-smokers were not different, except that a high frequency of G --> A transitions (11/11) was found in non-smokers. Among cell types, K-ras mutations were found in 7/13 (54%) squamous cell carcinoma (SC) and 5/12 (42%) adenocarcinoma (AC) patients. A --> T transversions (all six transversions) were present only in SC. In p53, 18/27 (67%) tumors contained mutations in exons 7 and 8, frequently at codons 226, 270, 275 and 281. The number of tumors with p53 mutations in smokers (70%) and in non-smokers (65%) was similar, and the mutation frequency did not differ except for a higher number of G --> A (6/7) and T --> C (5/6) transitions in non-smokers. Among cell types, the number of tumors with p53 mutations was 9/13 (69%) in SC and 8/12 (67%) in AC. The A --> G (11/16) transitions and A --> C (4/4) transversions in p53 were more frequent in SC than in AC (P G; P C). The varying mutation patterns in both the K-ras and p53 genes between smokers and non-smokers and among cell types suggest that other than cigarette smoke, environmental and dietary factors may also be involved in the genesis of lung cancer among these patients. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Gao, H G AU - Chen, J K AU - Stewart, J AU - Song, B AU - Rayappa, C AU - Whong, W Z AU - Ong, T AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2845, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 473 EP - 478 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Codon KW - 0 KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - Index Medicus KW - Exons -- genetics KW - Codon -- genetics KW - Humans KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational KW - Male KW - Female KW - Carcinoma, Small Cell -- genetics KW - Genes, ras KW - Genes, p53 KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung -- genetics KW - Point Mutation KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- genetics KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- genetics KW - Smoking -- genetics KW - Lung Neoplasms -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78878628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+p53+and+K-ras+mutations+in+human+lung+cancer+tissues.&rft.au=Gao%2C+H+G%3BChen%2C+J+K%3BStewart%2C+J%3BSong%2C+B%3BRayappa%2C+C%3BWhong%2C+W+Z%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidative stress in silicosis: evidence for the enhanced clearance of free radicals from whole lungs. AN - 78863456; 9062901 AB - We hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be involved in the pathogenesis of silicosis. To investigate ROS' dependent pathophysiological processes during silicosis we studied the kinetic clearance of instilled stable nitroxide radicals (TEMPO). Antioxidant enzymes' superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lipid peroxidation were also studied in whole lungs of rats exposed to crystalline silica (quartz) and sham exposed controls. Low frequency L-band electron spin resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the clearance of TEMPO in whole-rat lungs directly. The clearance of TEMPO followed first order kinetics showing significant differences in the rate for clearance between the diseased and sham exposed control lungs. Comparison of TEMPO clearance rates in the sham exposed controls and silicotic rats showed an oxidative stress in the rats exposed to quartz. Studies on the antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPx in the lungs of silicotic and sham exposed animals supported the oxidative stress and accelerated clearance of TEMPO by up regulated levels of enzymes in quartz exposed animals. Increased lipid peroxidation potential in the silicotics also supported a role for enhanced generation of ROS in the pathogenesis of silica-induced lung injury. These in vivo experiments directly demonstrate, for the first time, that silicotic lungs are in a state of oxidative stress and that increased generation of ROS is associated with enhanced levels of oxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation. This technique offers great promise for the elucidation of ROS induced lung injury and development of therapeutic strategies for the prevention of damage. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Leonard, S AU - Kuppusamy, P AU - Pack, D AU - Chzhan, M AU - Sanders, S P AU - Zweir, J L AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 125 EP - 132 VL - 168 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Free Radicals KW - 0 KW - Glutathione Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.9 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Glutathione Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- metabolism KW - Silicosis -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Lung -- enzymology KW - Lung -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78863456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Oxidative+stress+in+silicosis%3A+evidence+for+the+enhanced+clearance+of+free+radicals+from+whole+lungs.&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V%3BLeonard%2C+S%3BKuppusamy%2C+P%3BPack%2C+D%3BChzhan%2C+M%3BSanders%2C+S+P%3BZweir%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proposed model for estimating dose to inhabitants of 60Co contaminated buildings. AN - 78834298; 9030836 AB - A model to predict the time weighted exposures to gamma radiation was developed for buildings constructed with structural steel having some contamination from 60Co. Several buildings throughout sixteen city blocks in downtown Taipei were built about ten years ago with this material. These buildings were used for residential, business, and educational purposes with radiation levels ranging from background to five hundred times background. A comprehensive epidemiologic study by the National Yang Ming University Medical School in Taipei is underway to study the effects of this exposure to the building occupants. An evaluation of external radiation exposure was performed using survey instruments and thermoluminescent dosimeters. Exposure data from the survey instruments were used in a computer model developed to calculate cumulative radiation exposure estimates for the epidemiologic research. While the survey instrument data provided radiation levels at a point in time, the thermoluminescent dosimeters were placed in fixed locations and on several volunteers for a period of one month to verify the modeling results. The model itself is a mathematical algorithm that provides estimates with minimum and maximum range values by taking into account differences in the survey data between adults and children, variable occupancy patterns, background radiation, and radioactive decay. Several assumptions (background rates, height adjustment values, and occupancy factors) are easily adjusted to improve the estimated radiation exposures. The model predicted the exposures as measured by the thermoluminescent dosimeters with greater reliability for adults than for children. The differences between the two methods were about 10-15% for the adults and about 60% for the child. This strategy, its advantages, limitations, and its performance against actual thermoluminescent dosimeter measurements are presented. JF - Health physics AU - Cardarelli, J AU - Elliott, L AU - Hornung, R AU - Chang, W P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 SP - 351 EP - 360 VL - 72 IS - 3 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Cobalt Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Radioactive Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Taiwan KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Child KW - Models, Biological KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Housing KW - Radioactive Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Cobalt Radioisotopes -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78834298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Proposed+model+for+estimating+dose+to+inhabitants+of+60Co+contaminated+buildings.&rft.au=Cardarelli%2C+J%3BElliott%2C+L%3BHornung%2C+R%3BChang%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Cardarelli&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Science Put To Service: Enhancing Environmental Health Services in Communities Affected By Hazardous Substances AN - 760215009; 13641694 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Lichtveld, Maureen Y AU - Clinton, JJarrett AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Public Health Service U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 267 EP - 284 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 13 IS - 2-3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - community-based environmental medicine. KW - Environmental health KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760215009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Science+Put+To+Service%3A+Enhancing+Environmental+Health+Services+in+Communities+Affected+By+Hazardous+Substances&rft.au=Lichtveld%2C+Maureen+Y%3BClinton%2C+JJarrett&rft.aulast=Lichtveld&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379701300213 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379701300213 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reported Health Outcomes Among Residents Living Adjacent To a Hazardous Waste Site, Harris County, Texas, 1992 AN - 760214891; 13641697 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Miller, Martha S AU - McGeehin, Michael A AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Public Health Service U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 311 EP - 319 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 13 IS - 2-3 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - 3. Key words: cross-sectional study KW - hazardous waste sites KW - polyaromatic hydrocarbons KW - volatile organic compounds. KW - Waste disposal sites KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760214891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Reported+Health+Outcomes+Among+Residents+Living+Adjacent+To+a+Hazardous+Waste+Site%2C+Harris+County%2C+Texas%2C+1992&rft.au=Miller%2C+Martha+S%3BMcGeehin%2C+Michael+A&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Martha&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379701300216 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Waste disposal sites DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379701300216 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Work First: how to implement an employment-focused approach to welfare reform: a how-to guide AN - 59772324; 1998-0501910 AB - Practical information for state-level administrators designing public assistance programs which meet requirements of 1996 federal welfare reform legislation; US. US Department of Health and Human Services funded research. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, March 1997. AU - Brown, Amy Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Work relief -- United States KW - Federal and state relations -- United States KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Public welfare -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Brown%2C+Amy&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Work+First%3A+how+to+implement+an+employment-focused+approach+to+welfare+reform%3A+a+how-to+guide&rft.title=Work+First%3A+how+to+implement+an+employment-focused+approach+to+welfare+reform%3A+a+how-to+guide&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/hsp/isp/work1st/frontm.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The HHS poverty guidelines AN - 59748282; 1997-0413650 AB - 1997 income levels for families of 1-8 persons financially eligible to participate in some anti-poverty programs, based on 1996 prices; with explanatory material and links to the full text Federal Register data; US. This site also provides links to the federal poverty thresholds, Census Bureau poverty data, and descriptions of research reports on how to measure poverty levels. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, March 1997. Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - March 1997 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Poverty -- Measurement KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59748282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+HHS+poverty+guidelines&rft.title=The+HHS+poverty+guidelines&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/poverty/poverty.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do ulcers burn out or burn on? Managing duodenal ulcer diathesis in the Helicobacter pylori Era AN - 17124679; 4430518 AB - Now that the Food and Drug Administration is examining various treatment regimens for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, the question of whom to treat has come to the forefront. Widespread attempts to eradicate the bacterium are not without risk, including the possibility of accelerating the emergence of resistant strains of the organism, in addition to possible adverse events of agents used to cure the infection. These risks are of concern to the Agency in the process of granting marketing approvals for various therapies. The association of H. pylori and duodenal ulcer (DU) is no longer disputed; however, data to date have been generated in studies of patients with active (acute) DU. In these patients, the benefits of eradication therapy are clear. Patients with a documented history of DU who do not have an ulcer crater at the time of presentation have not been well studied in controlled trials. If they are at similar risk for recurrence and complications, it follows that they, too, should be candidates for H. pylori testing and treatment. However, if, as some believe, duodenal ulcer disease becomes "inactive" or "burns out" with time, an argument could be made for expectant treatment for this subgroup of patients. The present review examines the available literature on the natural history of DU disease and explores the validity of the hypothesis of duodenal ulcer "burn out." Analysis of the data shows that there is little support for the phenomenon of duodenal ulcer disease "burn out," and that, in fact, DU disease resulting from H. pylori infection is a chronic, relapsing condition, lasting for decades, if not a lifetime. The literature is compatible with the view that, in the majority of patients, DU occurs on a background of an "ulcer diathesis" that is fueled by H. pylori infection, and "burns on, not out", until and unless the infection is extinguished. The true incidence of ulcer relapse is difficult to predict due to the common occurrence of asymptomatic ulcers and the poor correlation of symptoms with the presence of ulcer. Therefore, treatment of patients with a history of duodenal ulcer disease should be advocated, even if their ulcer disease is not "active," because the risk of recurrence and complications does not diminish unless the H. pylori bacterium is eradicated. JF - American Journal of Gastroenterology AU - Neil, Garry A AD - Medical Affairs, Astra Merck Inc., 725 Chesterbrook Boulevard, Wayne, PA 19087, USA Y1 - 1997/03// PY - 1997 DA - Mar 1997 SP - 387 EP - 392 VL - 92 IS - 3 SN - 0002-9270, 0002-9270 KW - antibacterial agents KW - duodenum KW - reviews KW - risk assessment KW - ulcers KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Helicobacter pylori KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17124679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=Do+ulcers+burn+out+or+burn+on%3F+Managing+duodenal+ulcer+diathesis+in+the+Helicobacter+pylori+Era&rft.au=Neil%2C+Garry+A&rft.aulast=Neil&rft.aufirst=Garry&rft.date=1997-03-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.issn=00029270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helicobacter pylori ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The legal and scientific basis for FDA's assertion of jurisdiction over cigarettes and smokeless tobacco. AN - 78795467; 9010173 AB - On August 28, 1996, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) asserted jurisdiction over cigarettes and smokeless tobacco under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Under this Act, a product is a "drug" or "device" subject to FDA jurisdiction if it is "intended to affect the structure or any function of the body." The FDA determined that nicotine in cigarettes and smokeless tobacco does "affect the structure or any function of the body" because nicotine causes addiction and other pharmacological effects. The FDA then determined that these pharmacological effects are "intended" because (1) a scientific consensus has emerged that nicotine is addictive; (2) recent studies have shown that most consumers use cigarettes and smokeless tobacco for pharmacological purposes, including satisfying their addiction to nicotine; and (3) newly disclosed evidence from the tobacco manufacturers has revealed that the manufacturers know that nicotine causes pharmacological effects, including addiction, and design their products to provide pharmacologically active doses of nicotine. The FDA thus concluded that cigarettes and smokeless tobacco are subject to FDA jurisdiction because they contain a "drug," nicotine, and a "device" for delivering this drug to the body. JF - JAMA AU - Kessler, D A AU - Barnett, P S AU - Witt, A AU - Zeller, M R AU - Mande, J R AU - Schultz, W B AD - US Food and Drug Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Md. 20857, USA. Y1 - 1997/02/05/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Feb 05 SP - 405 EP - 409 VL - 277 IS - 5 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Ganglionic Stimulants KW - 0 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Policy Making KW - Humans KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- prevention & control KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Tobacco, Smokeless KW - Ganglionic Stimulants -- pharmacology KW - Nicotine -- pharmacology KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Tobacco Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78795467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=The+legal+and+scientific+basis+for+FDA%27s+assertion+of+jurisdiction+over+cigarettes+and+smokeless+tobacco.&rft.au=Kessler%2C+D+A%3BBarnett%2C+P+S%3BWitt%2C+A%3BZeller%2C+M+R%3BMande%2C+J+R%3BSchultz%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-02-05&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A re-examination of risk estimates from the NIOSH Occupational Noise and Hearing Survey (ONHS) AN - 85162813; pmid-9035391 AB - This paper describes a new analysis of data from the 1968-72 National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) Occupational Noise and Hearing Survey (ONHS). The population consisted of 1172 (792 noise-exposed and 380 "controls") predominately white male workers from a cross section of industries within the United States. The analysis focused on how risk estimates vary according to various model assumptions, including shape of the dose-response curve and the amount of noise exposure among low-noise exposed workers (or controls). Logistic regression models were used to describe the risk of hearing handicap in relation to age, occupational noise exposure, and duration exposed. Excess risk estimates were generated for several definitions of hearing handicap. Hearing handicap is usually denoted as an average hearing threshold level (HTL) of greater than 25 dB for both ears at selected frequencies. The frequencies included in the biaural averages were (1) the articulation-weighted average over 1-4 kHz, (2) the unweighted average over 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz, and (3) the unweighted average over 1, 2, and 3 kHz. The results show that excess risk estimates for time-weighted average sound levels below 85 dB were sensitive to statistical model form and assumptions regarding the sound level to which the "control" group was exposed. The choice of frequencies used in the hearing handicap definition affected the magnitude of excess risk estimates, which depended on age and duration of exposure. Although data were limited below 85 dB, an age-stratified analysis provided evidence of excess risks at levels ranging from 80 to 84 dB, 85-89 dB, and 90-102 dB. Due to uncertainty in quantifying risks below 85 dB, new data collection efforts should focus on better characterization of dose-response and longitudinal hearing surveys that include workers exposed to 8-hour time-weighted noise levels below 85 dB. Results are compared to excess risk estimates generated using methods given by ANSI S3.44-1996. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Prince, M M AU - Stayner, L T AU - Smith, R J AU - Gilbert, S J AD - Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 950 EP - 963 VL - 101 IS - 2 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85162813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=A+re-examination+of+risk+estimates+from+the+NIOSH+Occupational+Noise+and+Hearing+Survey+%28ONHS%29&rft.au=Prince%2C+M+M%3BStayner%2C+L+T%3BSmith%2C+R+J%3BGilbert%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=950&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Receptor for interleukin 13 on AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma cells serves as a new target for a potent Pseudomonas exotoxin-based chimeric toxin protein. AN - 79637918; 9815666 AB - AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS), the most common malignant complication of human immunodeficiency virus infection, is characterized by neoplastic proliferation of mesenchymal cells. AIDS-KS cells release and respond to an array of cytokines through specific plasma membrane receptors. Specific targeting of potent cytotoxic agents to cell surface receptors/antigens on Kaposi's sarcoma cells may provide effective therapy for this malignancy. We have identified a new target in the form of an interleukin 13 (IL-13) receptor that is overexpressed in the five AIDS-KS cell lines examined. Radiolabeled IL-13 cross-linked to a single protein of about Mr 70,000 in AIDS-KS cells. We utilized a chimeric cytotoxic protein composed of IL-13 and a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL13-PE38QQR), which was found to be specifically and highly cytotoxic to AIDS-KS cells, as determined by protein synthesis inhibition and clonogenic assays. IL13-PE38QQR demonstrated significant antitumor activity in a human epidermoid carcinoma xenograft model. Normal human umbilical vein-derived endothelial, lymphoid, and bone marrow precursor cells expressed low levels of IL-13 receptors, and IL-13 toxin was not cytotoxic to them. Thus, IL-13 receptor on AIDS-KS cells may represent a novel plasma membrane protein(s) that could be utilized to target therapeutic agents. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Husain, S R AU - Obiri, N I AU - Gill, P AU - Zheng, T AU - Pastan, I AU - Debinski, W AU - Puri, R K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 151 EP - 156 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Exotoxins KW - IL13RA1 protein, human KW - Immunotoxins KW - Interleukin-13 KW - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-13 KW - Virulence Factors KW - ADP Ribose Transferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - toxA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Tumor Stem Cell Assay KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- drug therapy KW - Exotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Interleukin-13 -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- biosynthesis KW - Interleukin-13 -- pharmacology KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- drug therapy KW - Immunotoxins -- immunology KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- drug effects KW - Immunotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- immunology KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- metabolism KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79637918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Receptor+for+interleukin+13+on+AIDS-associated+Kaposi%27s+sarcoma+cells+serves+as+a+new+target+for+a+potent+Pseudomonas+exotoxin-based+chimeric+toxin+protein.&rft.au=Husain%2C+S+R%3BObiri%2C+N+I%3BGill%2C+P%3BZheng%2C+T%3BPastan%2C+I%3BDebinski%2C+W%3BPuri%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Husain&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-16 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A note on the relationship between lifetime tumor risk and expected time to tumor. AN - 78989704; 9131823 JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Zheng, Q AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 5 EP - 7 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Time Factors KW - Models, Biological KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic KW - Risk Assessment KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78989704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=A+note+on+the+relationship+between+lifetime+tumor+risk+and+expected+time+to+tumor.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BZheng%2C+Q&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-03 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methylazoxymethanol-induced micrencephaly in the brown Norway strain: behavior and brain weight. AN - 78917556; 9099619 AB - A single injection of 20 mg/kg methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) on gestational day 14 in Brown Norway rats produced micrencephalic offspring (whole brain approximately equal to 65% of control). Despite the micrencephaly, MAM-induced alterations in behavior assessed here were relatively mild. The MAM-treated rats exhibited increased activity under darkened conditions in a complex maze and marginally increased activity after a challenge of methamphetamine. Open field activity, running wheel activity, and emergence behavior using a light/dark apparatus were not significantly affected. Compared with a similar study of Sprague-Dawley micrencephalics [Ferguson S.A., Racey F.D., Paule M.G. and Holson R.R. (1993) Behavioral effects of methyloxymethanol-induced microencephaly. Behav. Neurosci. 107, 1-101], frontal cortex and striatum weights were more reduced in Brown Norway micrencephalics. The MAM-induced behavioral alterations in the Brown Norway strain may have appeared attenuated compared to alterations shown by MAM-treated Sprague-Dawley rats due to differences in baseline between these two strains. Compared to control Sprague-Dawley rats in the previous study, control Brown Norway rats were more active in the open field and running wheels, but less active in the complex maze, exhibiting little to no learning. Emergence tests indicated increased dark preference in Brown Norway rats. Baseline behavior (increased activity and light shyness) of control Brown Norway rats was similar to that of MAM-treated Sprague-Dawley rats; a potential confound in the detection of behavioral effects of a compound. These findings emphasize the effects that strain selection may have on the outcome and interpretation of toxicological/teratological studies. JF - International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Holson, R R AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. SFERGUSON@NCTR.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 75 EP - 86 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0736-5748, 0736-5748 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate KW - 592-62-1 KW - methylazoxymethanol KW - JGG19N3YDQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Maze Learning -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- analogs & derivatives KW - Rats, Inbred BN KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Microcephaly -- pathology KW - Brain -- abnormalities KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Microcephaly -- chemically induced KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78917556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+developmental+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Developmental+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Methylazoxymethanol-induced+micrencephaly+in+the+brown+Norway+strain%3A+behavior+and+brain+weight.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A%3BHolson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+developmental+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Developmental+Neuroscience&rft.issn=07365748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of metolachlor by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. AN - 78894645; 9069185 AB - The metabolism of metolachlor[2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-met hyl ethyl)acetamide]by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112 was determined. Thesix metabolites identified comprised 81% of the total[14C]-metolachlor metabolized by C. elegans. Thesemetabolites were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquidchromatography and identified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, UV, and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectraltechniques. Metabolites I and II were identified as stereoismers of2-chloro-N-[2-ethyl-6-hydroxymethylphenyl)]-N-(2-hydroxy-1-me thylet hyl)acetamide. Metabolites III and IV have been tentatively identified as stereoismers of2-chloro-N-[2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-6-methylphenyl]-N-(2-methoxy-1-++ +methy lethyl)acetamide. Metabolites V and VI were identified as stereoismers of2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-hydroxy-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-me thylet hyl)acetamideand 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)acetam ide, respectively. The fungus Cunninghamellaelegans was able to biotransform metolachlor. Multiple site oxidation ofmetolachlor by C. elegans occurred predominantly byO-demethylation of the N-alkyl side chain and benzylichydroxylation of the arylalkyl side chain. JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Pothuluri, J V AU - Evans, F E AU - Doerge, D R AU - Churchwell, M I AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 117 EP - 125 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - metolachlor KW - X0I01K05X2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Herbicides -- metabolism KW - Acetamides -- metabolism KW - Cunninghamella -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78894645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+metolachlor+by+the+fungus+Cunninghamella+elegans.&rft.au=Pothuluri%2C+J+V%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BDoerge%2C+D+R%3BChurchwell%2C+M+I%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Pothuluri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-01-02 N1 - Date created - 2001-01-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ddC and AZT on locomotion and acoustic startle. I: Acute effects in female rats. AN - 78849295; 9050078 AB - Several synthetic nucleoside analogues, including AZT(RETROVIR), ddC (HIVID), ddI (VIDEX), and d4T (ZERIT), are currently being used in the treatment of HIV infection. Unfortunately, in clinical use the appearance of severe and sometimes debilitating peripheral neuropathy and pain has been associated with the long-term use of several of these drugs (i.e., ddC, ddI and d4T), although not with AZT. To date, standard pre-clinical animal toxicity studies have failed to reveal any adverse neurologic effects of these compounds. However, previously reported preliminary findings suggest that ddC may alter several neuro-behavioral parameters (including locomotor activity, acoustic startle responding, and aggression) in rats and mice following presentation in the animals' drinking water for 7 days. The current series of experiments examined effects of acutely administered ddC and AZT on spontaneous locomotor activity and acoustic startle responses (with and without pre-pulse) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Following intragastric administration, ddC reduced locomotion at all but the highest dose, whereas AZT had no significant effect on locomotor activity. Acutely administered ddC had no effect on ASR, whereas AZT increased ASR at the highest stimulus intensity. These data support the use of behavioral testing in the development of the antiviral nucleoside analogues, as behavioral testing may be more effective in identifying the neurologically active agents than is standard toxicity testing. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Morse, D E AU - Davis, H D AU - Popke, E J AU - Brown, K J AU - O'Donoghue, V A AU - Grunberg, N E AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Antiviral Drug Products, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 221 EP - 228 VL - 56 IS - 2 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Zalcitabine KW - 6L3XT8CB3I KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Acoustic Stimulation KW - Female KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- pharmacology KW - Zidovudine -- pharmacology KW - Zalcitabine -- pharmacology KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78849295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ddC+and+AZT+on+locomotion+and+acoustic+startle.+I%3A+Acute+effects+in+female+rats.&rft.au=Morse%2C+D+E%3BDavis%2C+H+D%3BPopke%2C+E+J%3BBrown%2C+K+J%3BO%27Donoghue%2C+V+A%3BGrunberg%2C+N+E&rft.aulast=Morse&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-01 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apoptosis and proliferation under conditions of deoxynucleotide pool imbalance in liver of folate/methyl deficient rats. AN - 78837426; 9054620 AB - Weanling male F344 rats were fed either a semi-purified diet low in methionine and lacking in choline and folic acid (folate/methyl deficient) or a supplemented control diet for periods of 2, 5, 7 days, 3 weeks, and 9 weeks. Two days after initiating the folate/methyl deficient diet in weanling F344 rats, the incidence of apoptotic bodies, identified by in situ end-labeling of 3'-OH DNA strand breaks, was significantly increased in liver sections from the deficient rats. Apoptotic cell death was confirmed biochemically by an increase in nuclear Ca2+/Mg2+-dependent endonuclease activity that paralleled the increase in apoptotic bodies over the 9-week feeding period. There was no morphologic evidence of necrotic foci or necrosis-associated inflammatory response over the 9-week period. Confirming that cell turnover is chronically elevated in this model, the increase in apoptotic rate was accompanied by a sustained increase in the mitotic index (MI). The DNA repair-associated enzyme, poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP), was similarly elevated and was associated with significant decreases in the substrate for ADPribose polymer synthesis, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Because folate metabolites are essential for de novo purine and thymidine biosynthesis, prolonged deficiency in folic acid can induce an imbalance in the deoxynucleotide precursors for DNA replication/repair and negatively affect the fidelity of DNA synthesis. Using an HPLC method, hepatic deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) levels were increased at 3 and 9 weeks after initiation of the deficient diet and levels of thymidine triphosphate (dTTP) were reduced. An increase in dUTP/ dTTP ratio is consistent with a block in folate-dependent de novo thymidylate biosynthesis and may predispose to uracil misincorporation and DNA repair-related DNA strand breaks. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - James, S J AU - Miller, B J AU - Basnakian, A G AU - Pogribny, I P AU - Pogribna, M AU - Muskhelishvili, L AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 287 EP - 293 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Nucleotides KW - 0 KW - NAD KW - 0U46U6E8UK KW - Methionine KW - AE28F7PNPL KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases KW - EC 2.4.2.30 KW - Endodeoxyribonucleases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - calcium magnesium dependent endodeoxyribonuclease KW - EC 3.1.21.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Endodeoxyribonucleases -- analysis KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases -- analysis KW - Organ Size KW - NAD -- analysis KW - Male KW - Cell Division KW - Liver -- pathology KW - DNA Damage KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Methionine -- deficiency KW - Methionine -- administration & dosage KW - Folic Acid Deficiency -- genetics KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Nucleotides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78837426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Apoptosis+and+proliferation+under+conditions+of+deoxynucleotide+pool+imbalance+in+liver+of+folate%2Fmethyl+deficient+rats.&rft.au=James%2C+S+J%3BMiller%2C+B+J%3BBasnakian%2C+A+G%3BPogribny%2C+I+P%3BPogribna%2C+M%3BMuskhelishvili%2C+L&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food restriction reduces aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-DNA adduct formation, AFB1-glutathione conjugation, and DNA damage in AFB1-treated male F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. AN - 78822596; 9039820 AB - The objective of this study was to examine effects of food restriction (FR) on the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in rats and mice, which are AFB1-sensitive and -resistant rodent species, respectively. Forty percent FR [60% of ad libitum (AL) food consumption] reduced the metabolic activation of AFB1 in both rats and mice, causing formation of hepatic AFB1-DNA adducts to be 43% and 31% lower, respectively. The AFB1-DNA adduct 8,9-dihydro-8-(N7-guanyl)-9-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 (AFB1-N7-Gua) was predominantly formed in rat liver DNA; the formation of the ring-open analogue of AFB1-N7-Gua, AFB1-formamidopyrimidine (AFB1-FAP), was predominantly found in mouse liver DNA. In contrast to the in vivo results, the in vitro AFB1-DNA adduct formation mediated by the microsomes of liver, kidney or lung from FR-mice was greater than the formation of AFB1-DNA adducts mediated by the tissue microsomes from the AL-mice. Food restriction induced hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, as measured by the formation of AFB1-glutathione conjugates (AFB1-SG), in both rats and mice; AFB1-SG was also formed in mouse kidney. Food restriction-induced GST activity assayed in an in vitro system, using [3H]AFB1-8,9-epoxide and glutathione (GSH) as substrates, was also found when mouse kidney and lung cytosolic fractions were used. Food restriction inhibited the AFB1-induced DNA double strand breaks in mouse kidney. The reduction of levels of AFB1-DNA adduct formation in mouse kidney was comparable to the degree of AFB1-induced DNA strand breakages. The results of this study indicate that the metabolic activation of AFB1 can be modulated by FR through the alteration of the formation of AFB1-DNA adducts and AFB1-SG conjugation. However, species and tissue specificities exist regarding the metabolic activation of AFB1. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Chou, M W AU - Chen, W AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 210 EP - 217 VL - 127 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Mutagens KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Liver -- anatomy & histology KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Biotransformation KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Organ Size KW - Male KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Food Deprivation -- physiology KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- toxicity KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78822596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Food+restriction+reduces+aflatoxin+B1+%28AFB1%29-DNA+adduct+formation%2C+AFB1-glutathione+conjugation%2C+and+DNA+damage+in+AFB1-treated+male+F344+rats+and+B6C3F1+mice.&rft.au=Chou%2C+M+W%3BChen%2C+W&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proportionate mortality among unionized construction ironworkers. AN - 78822430; 9028434 AB - This report presents the results of proportionate mortality ratios (PMR) and proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMR) among 13,301 members of the International Union of Bridge, Structural, and Ornamental Ironworkers who had been members for a minimum of 1 year, were actively paying dues into the death beneficiary fund, and had died between 1984-1991. Using the United States proportionate mortality rates as the comparison population, statistically significant elevated risks, using 95% confidence intervals (CI), were observed for several types of injuries: falls (N = 259, PMR = 3.57, CI = 3.15-4.03), transportation injuries (N = 363, PMR = 1.22, CI = 1.10-1.35), and other types of injuries (N = 225, PMR = 1.63, CI = 1.43-1.86). The deaths due to falls were significantly elevated for each 10-year age group under age 60 (PMR > 7.00) and for those workers with 6.00). Elevated mortality risks were also observed for all malignant neoplasms combined (N = 3,682, PMR = 1.09, CI = 1.06-1.13) as well as for site-specific malignant neoplasms of the lung (N = 1,523, PMR = 1.28, CI = 1.21-1.35), pleural mesothelioma (N = 7, PMR = 1.67, CI = 0.67-3.44) and "other and unspecified sites" (N = 307, PMR = 1.29, CI = 1.15-1.44). The category "pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases" was also significantly elevated (N = 690, PMR = 1.11, CI = 1.03-1.20); in this category, deaths due to asbestosis had the greatest elevated risk (N = 10, PMR = 3.56, CI = 1.70-6.54). No elevation in risk was found for kidney cancer or for chronic nephritis which were of interest because of Ironworkers' potential exposure to lead. The present study underscores the importance of fall protection and other injury prevention efforts in the construction industry, as well as the need to control airborne exposures to asbestos, welding fumes and other respirable disease hazards. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Stern, F B AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Ward, E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 176 EP - 187 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders -- mortality KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Occupations KW - Kidney Diseases -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Male KW - Female KW - Metallurgy KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78822430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Proportionate+mortality+among+unionized+construction+ironworkers.&rft.au=Stern%2C+F+B%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BWard%2C+E&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-28 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective biotransformation of the human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor saquinavir by human small-intestinal cytochrome P4503A4: potential contribution to high first-pass metabolism. AN - 78821037; 9029057 AB - Saquinavir is a HIV protease inhibitor used in the treatment of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, but its use is limited by low oral bioavailability. The potential of human intestinal tissue to metabolize saquinavir was assessed in 17 different human small-intestinal microsomal preparations. Saquinavir was metabolized by human small-intestinal microsomes to numerous mono- and dihydroxylated species with K(M) values of 0.3-0.5 microM. The major metabolites M-2 and M-7 were single hydroxylations on the octahydro-2-(1H)-isoquinolinyl and (1,1-dimethylethyl)amino groups, respectively. Ketoconazole and troleandomycin, selective inhibitors of cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4), were potent inhibitors for all oxidative metabolites of saquinavir. The cytochrome P450-selective inhibitors furafylline, fluvoxamine, sulfaphenazole, mephenytoin, quinidine, and chlorzoxazone had little inhibitory effect. All saquinavir metabolites were highly correlated with testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation and with each other. Human hepatic microsomes and recombinant CYP3A4 oxidized saquinavir to the same metabolic profile observed with human small-intestinal microsomes. Indinavir, a potent HIV protease inhibitor and a substrate for human hepatic CYP3A4, was a comparatively poor substrate for human intestinal microsomes and inhibited the oxidative metabolism of saquinavir to all metabolites with a Ki of 0.2 microM. In addition, saquinavir inhibited the human, small-intestinal, microsomal CYP3A4-dependent detoxication pathway of terfenadine to its alcohol metabolite with a Ki value of 0.7 microM. These data indicate that saquinavir is metabolized by human intestinal CYP3A4, that this metabolism may contribute to its poor oral bioavailability, and that combination therapy with indinavir or other protease inhibitors may attenuate its low relative bioavailability. JF - Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals AU - Fitzsimmons, M E AU - Collins, J M AD - Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 256 EP - 266 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists KW - Indinavir KW - 5W6YA9PKKH KW - Terfenadine KW - 7BA5G9Y06Q KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - CYP3A4 protein, human KW - EC 1.14.13.67 KW - CYP3A protein, human KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A KW - Saquinavir KW - L3JE09KZ2F KW - Ketoconazole KW - R9400W927I KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Drug Interactions KW - Terfenadine -- metabolism KW - Indinavir -- metabolism KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - Microsomes -- enzymology KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists -- metabolism KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- metabolism KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Saquinavir -- metabolism KW - Saquinavir -- pharmacokinetics KW - Intestine, Small -- enzymology KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78821037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.atitle=Selective+biotransformation+of+the+human+immunodeficiency+virus+protease+inhibitor+saquinavir+by+human+small-intestinal+cytochrome+P4503A4%3A+potential+contribution+to+high+first-pass+metabolism.&rft.au=Fitzsimmons%2C+M+E%3BCollins%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Fitzsimmons&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An update of mortality from all causes among white uranium miners from the Colorado Plateau Study Group. AN - 78807658; 9028438 AB - To place previously recognized mortality risks into the context of the total mortality from all causes, an updated retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted on 3,238 white males from the US Public Health Service cohort of Colorado Plateau uranium miners. Vital status was followed from 1960 through 1990. Life-table analyses used combined New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Colorado mortality rates for external comparison and mortality risks within the lowest radon-exposure or duration-employed category for internal comparison. Significantly elevated SMRs were found for pneumoconioses (SMR = 24.1, 95% CI 16.0-33.7), lung cancer (SMR = 5.8, 95% CI 5.2-6.4), tuberculosis (SMR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.9-6.2), chronic obstructive respiratory diseases (SMR = 2.8, 95% CI 2.2-3.5), emphysema (SMR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.9-3.2), benign and unspecified tumors (SMR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.0-4.6), and diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs (SMR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.0-5.0). No significantly lowered SMRs were found for any disease. For lung cancer and pneumoconioses standardized rate ratios increased with increasing exposure to radon progeny or duration of employment. Most findings from this update are consistent with previous studies. Not observed were previously elevated SMRs for chronic nephritis and for acute alcoholism. New findings observed were elevated SMRs for benign and unspecified tumors and for diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs. The most important long-term mortality risks for the white uranium-miners continue to be lung cancer and pneumoconioses, for which SMRs remain significantly elevated after a mean period of 22.4 years since last uranium mining. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Roscoe, R J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 211 EP - 222 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Uranium KW - 4OC371KSTK KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Pneumoconiosis -- mortality KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Life Tables KW - Hematologic Diseases -- mortality KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- mortality KW - Colorado -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Male KW - Male Urogenital Diseases -- mortality KW - Mining KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78807658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=An+update+of+mortality+from+all+causes+among+white+uranium+miners+from+the+Colorado+Plateau+Study+Group.&rft.au=Roscoe%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Roscoe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-28 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utilization of host iron sources by Corynebacterium diphtheriae: identification of a gene whose product is homologous to eukaryotic heme oxygenases and is required for acquisition of iron from heme and hemoglobin. AN - 78803106; 9006041 AB - Corynebacterium diphtheriae was examined for the ability to utilize various host compounds as iron sources. C. diphtheriae C7(-) acquired iron from heme, hemoglobin, and transferrin. A siderophore uptake mutant of strain C7 was unable to utilize transferrin but was unaffected in acquisition of iron from heme and hemoglobin, which suggests that C. diphtheriae possesses a novel mechanism for utilizing heme and hemoglobin as iron sources. Mutants of C. diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans that are defective in acquiring iron from heme and hemoglobin were isolated following chemical mutagenesis and streptonigrin enrichment. A recombinant clone, pCD293, obtained from a C7(-) genomic plasmid library complemented several of the C. ulcerans mutants and three of the C. diphtheriae mutants. The nucleotide sequence of the gene (hmuO) required for complementation was determined and shown to encode a protein with a predicted mass of 24,123 Da. Sequence analysis revealed that HmuO has 33% identity and 70% similarity with the human heme oxygenase enzyme HO-1. Heme oxygenases, which have been well characterized in eukaryotes but have not been identified in prokaryotes, are involved in the oxidation of heme and subsequent release of iron from the heme moiety. It is proposed that the HmuO protein is essential for the utilization of heme as an iron source by C. diphtheriae and that the heme oxygenase activity of HmuO is involved in the release of iron from heme. This is the first report of a bacterial gene whose product has homology to heme oxygenases. JF - Journal of bacteriology AU - Schmitt, M P AD - Laboratory of Bacterial Toxins, Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Schmitt@A1.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - February 1997 SP - 838 EP - 845 VL - 179 IS - 3 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - DtxR protein, Corynebacterium diphtheriae KW - Hemoglobins KW - Streptonigrin KW - 261Q3JB310 KW - Heme KW - 42VZT0U6YR KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) KW - EC 1.14.14.18 KW - HmuO protein, bacteria KW - Index Medicus KW - Corynebacterium -- genetics KW - Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) -- genetics KW - Plasmids -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Streptonigrin -- pharmacology KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Genomic Library KW - Binding Sites KW - Mutagenesis KW - Base Sequence KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- genetics KW - Heme -- metabolism KW - Iron -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78803106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.atitle=Utilization+of+host+iron+sources+by+Corynebacterium+diphtheriae%3A+identification+of+a+gene+whose+product+is+homologous+to+eukaryotic+heme+oxygenases+and+is+required+for+acquisition+of+iron+from+heme+and+hemoglobin.&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=179&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=838&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-28 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U73860; GENBANK N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Gene. 1995 Nov 7;165(1):67-70 [7489918] Crit Rev Microbiol. 1992;18(3):217-33 [1532495] Infect Immun. 1996 Feb;64(2):518-23 [8550201] Biochemistry. 1996 Jan 23;35(3):930-6 [8547275] Infect Immun. 1996 Aug;64(8):3134-41 [8757844] Mol Microbiol. 1995 Nov;18(3):383-90 [8748023] J Virol. 1969 Jun;3(6):586-98 [4978942] Can J Biochem. 1976 Mar;54(3):219-23 [1260505] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1977 Jul 11;77(1):387-91 [329841] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 15;89(16):7576-80 [1502169] J Biol Chem. 1992 Oct 25;267(30):21761-4 [1400485] EMBO J. 1992 Dec;11(12):4359-67 [1425573] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1993 Apr;6(2):137-49 [8472246] Mol Microbiol. 1993 Apr;8(1):111-21 [8388528] Lancet. 1993 Jun 19;341(8860):1592-3 [8099660] Infect Immun. 1993 Dec;61(12):5401-5 [8225615] J Bacteriol. 1994 Feb;176(4):1141-9 [8106325] J Bacteriol. 1994 Jun;176(11):3269-77 [8195082] Infect Immun. 1994 Sep;62(9):4091-4 [8063432] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Sep 27;91(20):9646-50 [7937822] Annu Rev Nutr. 1994;14:471-93 [7946530] Mol Microbiol. 1994 Aug;13(4):719-32 [7997183] J Bacteriol. 1995 Jan;177(2):465-7 [7814338] Mol Microbiol. 1994 Oct;14(2):191-7 [7830565] Infect Immun. 1995 Apr;63(4):1241-5 [7890379] J Bacteriol. 1995 Jun;177(11):3004-9 [7768795] Infect Immun. 1995 Nov;63(11):4284-9 [7591059] Annu Rev Biochem. 1977;46:69-94 [20040] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] Microbiol Rev. 1978 Mar;42(1):45-66 [379572] Infect Immun. 1979 Dec;26(3):925-32 [160892] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Nov;18(5):814-21 [6255866] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1982 May 31;106(2):407-11 [7049174] J Bacteriol. 1983 Apr;154(1):245-52 [6403502] J Mol Biol. 1983 Jun 5;166(4):557-80 [6345791] J Bacteriol. 1983 Sep;155(3):1439-42 [6411692] Mol Gen Genet. 1983;192(1-2):131-9 [6316109] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Nov;80(22):6853-7 [6316330] Infect Immun. 1984 Jul;45(1):143-9 [6429042] Mol Gen Genet. 1984;197(2):337-41 [6097798] Int J Biochem. 1985;17(7):767-73 [3902529] Infect Immun. 1986 Mar;51(3):942-7 [2936686] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(14):4964-8 [3110777] Eur J Biochem. 1988 Feb 1;171(3):457-61 [3345742] Infect Immun. 1988 Nov;56(11):2891-5 [2971620] Microb Pathog. 1987 Nov;3(5):351-63 [3143887] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Aug;87(15):5968-72 [2116013] Infect Immun. 1991 Jun;59(6):1899-904 [1828057] Microb Pathog. 1990 Oct;9(4):267-73 [2151460] J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Jun;137(6):1313-21 [1919507] Gene. 1995 Dec 1;166(1):117-9 [8529874] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of oxygen free radicals in occupational and environmental lung diseases. AN - 21251566; 11703671 AB - Oxygen free radicals and their metabolites, collectively described as reactive oxygen species (ROS), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The pulmonary system is particularly vulnerable to ROS-induced injury because of its continuous exposure to toxic pollutants from a wide variety of sources in the ambient air. Additionally, lungs are exposed systemically to ROS generated from xenobiotic compounds and endogenous sources. This review describes the sources of endogenous and exogenous ROS generation in the lung. Special emphasis is given to major sources of ROS in occupational and environmental exposures to asbestos, crystalline silica, coal, chromium, herbicides, bleomycin, and cigarette smoke. ROS-induced lung injury at different target levels may contribute to similar patterns of cell injury and alterations at the molecular level by initiation, propagation, and autocatalytic chain reactions. Intracellular signalling, activation and inactivation of enzymes, stimulation, secretion, and release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and nuclear factor activation and alterations are also common events. Understanding the interactions of these intricate mechanistic events is important in the prevention and amelioration of lung injury that results from acute and chronic exposures to toxins in ambient air. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Shi, X AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA, vav1@niords1.em.cdc.gov Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 165 EP - 177 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 105 IS - Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - inactivation KW - Asbestos KW - Injuries KW - Cigarettes KW - Enzymes KW - Herbicides KW - Metabolites KW - Coal KW - Xenobiotics KW - Toxins KW - Smoke KW - Oxygen KW - Lung KW - Reviews KW - silica KW - prevention KW - vulnerability KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+role+of+oxygen+free+radicals+in+occupational+and+environmental+lung+diseases.&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - inactivation; Asbestos; Cigarettes; Injuries; Enzymes; Metabolites; Herbicides; Xenobiotics; Coal; Toxins; Smoke; Oxygen; Lung; silica; Reviews; prevention; vulnerability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do DNA vaccines induce autoimmune disease? AN - 16019411; 4090874 AB - This report examines whether plasmid DNA vaccines induce the production of anti-DNA or anti-muscle cell autoantibodies. A three-fold increase in the number of B cells secreting immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-DNA autoantibodies was detected in BALB /c mice immunized and boosted with any of three DNA plasmids (p < 0.004). This correlated with a transient increase in serum anti-DNA autoantibody titers but was not associated with the development of glomerulonephritis or autoimmune disease. None of the DNA vaccines examined stimulated the production of anti-muscle cell autoantibodies or the development of myositis. The effect of DNA vaccines on the development of nascent autoimmunity in lupus-prone (NZB x NZW)F sub(1) mice was also examined. Repeated vaccination did not alter the onset or course of disease in these animals. These findings suggest that DNA vaccines neither initiate nor accelerate the development of systemic autoimmunity. JF - Human Gene Therapy AU - Mor, G AU - Singla, M AU - Steinberg, AD AU - Hoffman, S L AU - Okuda, K AU - Klinman, D M AD - 29 Lincoln Dr., Bldg. 29A Rm. 3D 10 HFM 454, CBER/FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 293 EP - 300 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1043-0342, 1043-0342 KW - DNA vaccines KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - myositis KW - immunoglobulin G KW - lymphocytes B KW - autoimmunity KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - G 07240:Immunogenetics KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16019411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=Do+DNA+vaccines+induce+autoimmune+disease%3F&rft.au=Mor%2C+G%3BSingla%2C+M%3BSteinberg%2C+AD%3BHoffman%2C+S+L%3BOkuda%2C+K%3BKlinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Mor&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=10430342&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - myositis; vaccines; immunoglobulin G; lymphocytes B; autoimmunity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of radiofrequency radiation on 2-methoxyethanol teratogenicity in rats AN - 15930553; 4046600 AB - Concurrent exposures to chemical and physical agents occur in the workplace; exposed workers include those involved with the microelectronics industry, plastic sealers and electrosurgical units. Previous animal research indicates that hyperthermia induced by an elevation in ambient temperature can potentiate the toxicity and teratogenicity of some chemical agents. We previously demonstrated that combined exposure to radiofrequency (r.f.; 10 MHz) radiation, which also induces hyperthermia and is teratogenic to exposed animals, and the industrial solvent 2-methoxyethanol (2ME) produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. A subsequent study replicated and extended that research by investigating the interactive dose-related teratogenicity of r.f. radiation (sham exposure or maintaining colonic temperatures at 42.0 degree C for 0, 10, 20 or 30 min by r.f. radiation absorption) and 2ME (0, 75, 100, 125 or 150 mg/kg) on gestation days 9 or 13 of rats. The purpose of the present research is to determine the effects of r.f. radiation (sufficient to maintain colonic temperatures at 42.0 degree C for 10 min) on a range of doses of 2ME (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 mg kg super(-)1) administered on gestation day 13 of rats. Focusing on characterizing the dose-response pattern of interactions, this research seeks to determine the lowest interactive effect level. Day 20 fetuses were examined for external and skeletal malformations. The results are consistent with previous observations. Dose-related developmental toxicity was observed for 2ME both in the presence and absence of r.f. radiation. However, concurrent RF radiation exposure changed the shape of the dose-effect curve of 2ME. These data indicate that combined exposure effects should be considered when developing exposure guidelines and intervention strategies. JF - Journal of Applied Toxicology AU - Nelson, B K AU - Conover, D L AU - Shaw, P B AU - Snyder, D L AU - Edwards, R M AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, NIOSH C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 31 EP - 39 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - rats KW - 2-methoxyethanol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - electromagnetic radiation KW - teratogenicity KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15930553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+radiofrequency+radiation+on+2-methoxyethanol+teratogenicity+in+rats&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BConover%2C+D+L%3BShaw%2C+P+B%3BSnyder%2C+D+L%3BEdwards%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - teratogenicity; electromagnetic radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A follow-up study of job strain and heart disease among males in the NHANES1 population AN - 15898089; 4036792 AB - Several studies have associated heart disease with job strain, defined as low job control and high job demands. We have studied incident heart disease (519 cases) and job strain among 3,575 males in NHANES1 survey who were currently employed at baseline in the early 1970s, and followed through 1987. Scores for job control and job demands were assigned to each subject based on current occupation at baseline. Controlling for conventional risk factors, we found no excess risk for those with the highest strain (lowest control and highest demands, rate ratio 1.08). Those with highest job control did have significantly decreased risk (rate ratio 0.71, 95% CI 0.54-0.93). In blue-collar workers (58% of subjects) there was a significant inverse trend in risk with increasing job demands. Control for level of physical activity did not change this finding. A combination of high control and demand was protective among blue-collar workers (odds ratio 0.69, 0.48-0.99). Our findings suggest that class-specific analyses are needed in studying job stress, and that "active" blue-collar workers with high control and high demand are protected against heart disease. The "job demand" variable may measure whether work is challenging rather than fast-paced. Our findings are limited by the use of assigned job scores based on job title. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Steenland, K AU - Johnson, J AU - Nowlin, S AD - Natl. Inst. for Occup. Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1997/02// PY - 1997 DA - Feb 1997 SP - 256 EP - 260 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - stress KW - cardiovascular diseases KW - males KW - working conditions KW - occupational health KW - psychology KW - H SM10.22:CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DISEASES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15898089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+follow-up+study+of+job+strain+and+heart+disease+among+males+in+the+NHANES1+population&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BJohnson%2C+J%3BNowlin%2C+S&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cardiovascular diseases; occupational health; working conditions; stress; males; psychology ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Temporary Assistance for Needy Families policy announcement T2 - TANF-ACF-PA-97-1 AN - 59874176; 1998-1212840 AB - Examines states' flexibility in appropriating funds for TANF, its requirements, the definition of "assistance," penalty decisions based on occurrence of TANF statute violations, and legislative goals of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA). JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, January 31 1997. Y1 - 1997/01/31/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 31 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Poverty relief KW - Child welfare -- United States KW - Block grants -- United States KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Public welfare -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59874176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Temporary+Assistance+for+Needy+Families+policy+announcement&rft.title=Temporary+Assistance+for+Needy+Families+policy+announcement&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/ofa/guidej31.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous determination of malachite green, gentian violet and their leuco metabolites in catfish or trout tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography with visible detection. AN - 78866061; 9061471 AB - A sensitive analytical procedure for the determination of residues of leucomalachite green (LMG)-malachite green (MG) and leucogentian violet (LGV)-gentian violet (GV) in catfish or trout tissue is presented. Frozen (-20 degrees C) fish fillets were cut into small pieces and blended in a Waring blender. A 20-g amount of homogenized fish tissue was extracted with acetonitrile-buffer, partitioned against methylene chloride, and cleaned up on tandem neutral alumina and propylsulfonic acid cation-exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges. Samples of 100 microliters (0.8 g equiv.) were chromatographed isocratically in 10 min using an acetonitrile-buffer mobile phase on a short-chain deactivated (SCD) reversed-phase column (250 x 4.6 mm I.D.) in-line with a post-column PbO2 oxidation reactor. The PbO2 post-column reactor efficiently oxidized LMG to the chromatic MG, and LGV to the chromatic GV permitting visible detection at 588 nm for all four compounds. Linearity was demonstrated with standards over the range of 0.5-50 ng per injection. Recoveries of LMG, MG, LGV and GV from catfish tissues fortified at 10 ng/g were 75.4 +/- 3.0, 61.3 +/- 4.1, 72.6 +/- 3.7 and 87.9 +/- 2.5, respectively, while trout tissues fortified at 10 ng/g yielded recoveries of 82.6 +/- 2.3, 48.6 +/- 1.8, 72.1 +/- 2.1 and 83.8 +/- 4.6 (mean +/- S.D., n = 4), respectively. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications AU - Rushing, L G AU - Thompson, H C AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1997/01/24/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 24 SP - 325 EP - 330 VL - 688 IS - 2 SN - 1387-2273, 1387-2273 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Rosaniline Dyes KW - malachite green KW - 12058M7ORO KW - leucogentian violet KW - 603-48-5 KW - leucomalachite green KW - 8U61G37Z20 KW - Gentian Violet KW - J4Z741D6O5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Catfishes KW - Trout KW - Muscles -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Gentian Violet -- metabolism KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- analysis KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- metabolism KW - Gentian Violet -- analysis KW - Coloring Agents -- analysis KW - Aniline Compounds -- analysis KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78866061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+determination+of+malachite+green%2C+gentian+violet+and+their+leuco+metabolites+in+catfish+or+trout+tissue+by+high-performance+liquid+chromatography+with+visible+detection.&rft.au=Rushing%2C+L+G%3BThompson%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Rushing&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-01-24&rft.volume=688&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Biomedical+sciences+and+applications&rft.issn=13872273&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human ovarian-carcinoma cell lines express IL-4 and IL-13 receptors: comparison between IL-4- and IL-13-induced signal transduction. AN - 78807224; 9009165 AB - We have reported that human ovarian-carcinoma cell lines express high-affinity IL-4 receptor. Since IL-4R has been hypothesized to share a chain with IL-13R, we investigated whether ovarian cancer cells express IL-13 receptor. In the present study, we report that the ovarian-carcinoma cell lines IGROV-1 and PA-1 express varying numbers of high-affinity IL-13 receptors. Furthermore, IL-13 inhibited the binding of IL-4 on both ovarian-carcinoma cell lines, while IL-4 did not inhibit IL-13 binding on IGROV-1 cell line. IL-13 and IL-4 induced the phosphorylation of JAK1, JAK2 and Tyk2 Janus kinases in PA-1 cells. In contrast, JAK3 tyrosine kinase was expressed in PA-1 cells, but IL-4 or IL-13 did not augment its phosphorylation. In IGROV-1 cells, Tyk2 was constitutively phosphorylated and this phosphorylation was augmented by IL-4 or IL-13. JAK1 and JAK2 but not JAK3 were expressed but only JAK2 was faintly phosphorylated in response to either IL-13 or IL-4 respectively. IRS (insulin-receptor substrate)-1 and IRS-2 were also phosphorylated constitutively in both ovarian cancer cell lines examined, but only the phosphorylation of IRS-1 was augmented in response to IL-4 or IL-13. STAT6 was phosphorylated and activated in response to IL-4 and IL-13 in all cell lines examined. Our results demonstrate that ovarian cancer cell lines may express 2 types of IL-13R and the IL-13- or IL-4-induced signaling patterns may be slightly different in each type of receptor. JF - International journal of cancer AU - Murata, T AU - Obiri, N I AU - Puri, R K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1997/01/17/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 17 SP - 230 EP - 240 VL - 70 IS - 2 SN - 0020-7136, 0020-7136 KW - Antigens, CD KW - 0 KW - IL13RA1 protein, human KW - IRS1 protein, human KW - IRS2 protein, human KW - Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins KW - Interleukin-13 KW - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit KW - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - Phosphoproteins KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-13 KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 KW - STAT6 Transcription Factor KW - STAT6 protein, human KW - Trans-Activators KW - Transcription Factors KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - JAK1 protein, human KW - EC 2.7.10.2 KW - JAK2 protein, human KW - JAK3 protein, human KW - Janus Kinase 1 KW - Janus Kinase 2 KW - Janus Kinase 3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Trans-Activators -- metabolism KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- metabolism KW - Phosphorylation KW - Female KW - Phosphoproteins -- metabolism KW - Antigens, CD -- biosynthesis KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational -- drug effects KW - Adenocarcinoma -- metabolism KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- genetics KW - Interleukin-4 -- pharmacology KW - Antigens, CD -- genetics KW - Teratocarcinoma -- metabolism KW - Adenocarcinoma -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Teratocarcinoma -- pathology KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- biosynthesis KW - Adenocarcinoma -- pathology KW - Interleukin-13 -- pharmacology KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- genetics KW - Teratocarcinoma -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78807224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.atitle=Human+ovarian-carcinoma+cell+lines+express+IL-4+and+IL-13+receptors%3A+comparison+between+IL-4-+and+IL-13-induced+signal+transduction.&rft.au=Murata%2C+T%3BObiri%2C+N+I%3BPuri%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Murata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-01-17&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-20 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food and Drug Administration Risk Assessment--Process and Toxicologic Pathology AN - 869567212; 13645807 AB - A general outline of the risk assessment process at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) of the Food and Drug Administration based on the toxicologic evaluation of data is described. Examples of recent pathology evaluations are presented to illustrate primarily the pathology review process at the CFSAN. These examples include the review of data from rodent studies from proposed indirect food additives and data from dog studies submitted in support of an investigational new drug, a short-acting opioid, proposed as an anesthetic in humans. JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Moch, Ronald W AU - Dua, Prem N AU - Hines, Fred A AD - Pathology Branch, Division of General Scientific Support, Office of Scientific Analysis and Support, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, 200 C Street, SW, Washington, D. C. 20204 Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 61 EP - 67 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Food additives KW - Data processing KW - Reviews KW - Anesthetics KW - Opioids KW - Drug screening KW - Nutrition KW - X 24380:Social Poisons & Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869567212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Food+and+Drug+Administration+Risk+Assessment--Process+and+Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.au=Moch%2C+Ronald+W%3BDua%2C+Prem+N%3BHines%2C+Fred+A&rft.aulast=Moch&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339702500112 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Food additives; Data processing; Reviews; Anesthetics; Opioids; Drug screening; Nutrition DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339702500112 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA perspective on specifications for biotechnology products--from IND to PLA. AN - 85255539; pmid-9413677 AB - Quality standards are obligatory throughout development, approval and post-marketing phases of biotechnology-derived products, thus assuring product identity, purity, and potency/strength. The process of developing and setting specifications should be based on sound science and should represent a logical progression of actions based on the use of experiential data spanning manufacturing process validation, consistency in production, and characterization of relevant product properties/attributes, by multiple analytical means. This interactive process occurs in phases, varying in rigour. It is best described as encompassing a framework which starts with the implementation of realistic/practical operational quality limits, progressing to the establishment/adoption of more stringent specifications. The historical database is generated from preclinical, toxicology and early clinical lots. This supports the clinical development programme which, as it progresses, allows for further assay method validation/refinement, adoption/addition due to relevant or newly recognized product attributes or rejection due to irrelevance. In the next phase, (licensing/approval) specifications are set through extended experience and validation of both the preparative and analytical processes, to include availability of suitable reference standards and extensive product characterization throughout its proposed dating period. Subsequent to product approval, the incremental database of test results serves as a natural continuum for further evolving/refining specifications. While there is considerable latitude in the kinds of testing modalities finally adopted to establish product quality on a routine basis, for both drugs and drug products, it is important that the selection takes into consideration relevant (significant) product characteristics that appropriately reflect on identity, purity and potency. JF - Developments in Biological Standardization AU - Murano, G AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 3 EP - 13 VL - 91 SN - 0301-5149, 0301-5149 KW - United States KW - Biopharmaceutics KW - Drug Contamination KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Human KW - Drug Design KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - Drug Evaluation KW - Drug Industry KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Clinical Trials, Phase I KW - Quality Control KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - Clinical Trials, Phase IV KW - Biotechnology KW - Drug Approval UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85255539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Biological+Standardization&rft.atitle=FDA+perspective+on+specifications+for+biotechnology+products--from+IND+to+PLA.&rft.au=Murano%2C+G&rft.aulast=Murano&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Biological+Standardization&rft.issn=03015149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hearing loss from combined exposures among petroleum refinery workers. AN - 85233137; pmid-9309809 AB - Workers from a refinery (n = 438) were interviewed, had their hearing tested and had their exposures to noise and solvents assessed. Measurements suggested that most exposures to noise and solvents were within exposure limits recommended by international agencies; however, the prevalence for hearing loss within the exposed groups ranged from 42 to 50%, significantly exceeding the 15-30% prevalence observed for unexposed groups. The adjusted odds ratio estimates for hearing loss were 2.4 times greater for groups from aromatics and paraffins (95% CI 1.0-5.7), 3 times greater for the maintenance group (95% CI 1.3-6.9) and 1.8 times greater for the group from shipping (95% CI 0.6-4.9), when compared to unexposed workers from the warehouse and health clinic. The results of acoustic reflex decay tests suggest a retrocochlear or central auditory pathway involvement in the losses observed in certain job categories. These findings indicate that factors in addition to noise ought to be considered when investigating and preventing occupational hearing loss. JF - Scandinavian Audiology AU - Morata, T C AU - Engel, T AU - Durão A AU - Costa, T R AU - Krieg, E F AU - Dunn, D E AU - Lozano, M A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Bioacoustics and Occupational Vibration Section, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 141 EP - 149 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0105-0397, 0105-0397 KW - Reflex, Acoustic KW - Hearing Disorders KW - Comparative Study KW - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Audiometry, Pure-Tone KW - Human KW - Adult KW - Solvents KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Occupational Diseases KW - Male KW - Extraction and Processing Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85233137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Audiology&rft.atitle=Hearing+loss+from+combined+exposures+among+petroleum+refinery+workers.&rft.au=Morata%2C+T+C%3BEngel%2C+T%3BDur%C3%A3o+A%3BCosta%2C+T+R%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BDunn%2C+D+E%3BLozano%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Audiology&rft.issn=01050397&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status of seafood HACCP. AN - 79656190; 10343033 JF - Food and drug law journal AU - Spiller, P C AD - Office of Seafood, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Admin., USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 327 EP - 330 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 1064-590X, 1064-590X KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Public Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Inspection -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food-Processing Industry -- standards KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Food-Processing Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Seafood -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79656190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+drug+law+journal&rft.atitle=Status+of+seafood+HACCP.&rft.au=Spiller%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Spiller&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+drug+law+journal&rft.issn=1064590X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental risk factors associated with pediatric idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis in a Cleveland community. AN - 79609162; 9096173 AB - Unexplained pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis are rarely seen in infancy. A geographic cluster of 10 infants with this illness was identified in a large pediatric referral hospital in Cleveland, Ohio, during the period of January 1993 through December 1994. One infant died of severe respiratory failure. A case-control study was conducted. Three control infants were matched by age with each case infant. All study infants' guardians were interviewed. Questions were asked about child care practices and home conditions for the period before case infants' illnesses. All infants' records were reviewed, their homes were visited, and a structural and environmental survey was conducted. All 10 case infants were black, and 9 were male, whereas 50.0% of control infants were male, and 83.3% were black. The case infants' mean age was 10.2 weeks (range, 6 weeks to 6 months). Matched analysis demonstrated that case infants' homes were more likely to have had water damage preceding the pulmonary hemorrhage event (odds ratio, 16.25; 95% confidence interval, 2.55 to infinity). Case infants were also more likely to have had close relatives with pulmonary hemorrhage (odds ratio, 33.14; 95% confidence interval, 5.10 to infinity). In addition, 50.0% of case infants experienced recurrent pulmonary hemorrhaging after returning to their homes. The results of this investigation of a cluster of infants with massive, acute pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis suggest that the affected infants may have been exposed to contaminants in their homes. Epidemiologic clues, such as water damage in the case infants' homes, suggest that environmental risk factors may contribute to pulmonary hemorrhage. JF - Pediatrics AU - Montaña, E AU - Etzel, R A AU - Allan, T AU - Horgan, T E AU - Dearborn, D G AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 1 VL - 99 IS - 1 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Housing KW - Humans KW - Pesticides -- urine KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Infant KW - Risk Factors KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Ohio KW - Lung Diseases -- etiology KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Hemosiderosis -- etiology KW - Hemorrhage -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79609162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Environmental+risk+factors+associated+with+pediatric+idiopathic+pulmonary+hemorrhage+and+hemosiderosis+in+a+Cleveland+community.&rft.au=Monta%C3%B1a%2C+E%3BEtzel%2C+R+A%3BAllan%2C+T%3BHorgan%2C+T+E%3BDearborn%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Monta%C3%B1a&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=E5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-09-02 N1 - Date created - 1998-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Taxanes. AN - 79601857; 9551209 JF - Cancer chemotherapy and biological response modifiers AU - Sackett, D AU - Fojo, T AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 59 EP - 79 VL - 17 SN - 0921-4410, 0921-4410 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic KW - 0 KW - Paclitaxel KW - P88XT4IS4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Humans KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Drug Resistance, Neoplasm KW - Paclitaxel -- toxicity KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic -- pharmacology KW - Paclitaxel -- therapeutic use KW - Paclitaxel -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79601857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+biological+response+modifiers&rft.atitle=Taxanes.&rft.au=Sackett%2C+D%3BFojo%2C+T&rft.aulast=Sackett&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+biological+response+modifiers&rft.issn=09214410&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1998-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protocol design considerations that relate to demonstrating the safety and effectiveness of chemopreventive agents. AN - 79598187; 9591186 AB - As with other drugs, applications for marketing approval of new chemopreventive agents in the United States must include data from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials that demonstrate effectiveness and safety for the intended use. Knowledge of a drug's pharmacologic actions and metabolism may benefit protocol design, by identifying the patient populations and dosing schedules associated with a favorable risk/benefit profile. With availability of appropriate preclinical data, including standard assessments of an agent's toxicology, effects on reproductive performance, and genotoxicity, initial Phase I studies of 1-3 months may be performed in normal volunteers or an appropriate higher risk population. For chronic dosing studies of longer duration, preclinical toxicology studies of longer duration are relevant. Enrollment in chemoprevention studies should be directed toward individuals at sufficient risk of developing cancer so that potential benefit may counterbalance the unpredictable and possibly serious adverse effects that may be observed with prolonged administration of a study drug. Phase I and II studies with clinical dosing lasting up to 12 months often afford opportunities to assess drug effect on surrogate endpoint biomarkers that may correlate with endpoints of clinical effectiveness. Phase III and late phase II chemopreventive investigations should routinely utilize a prospective, randomized study design (double-masked and placebo-controlled, when possible). To support marketing approval, there must be evidence that a chemopreventive agent significantly delays or prevents the occurrence of malignancy, with acceptable safety. In some circumstances, modulation of a surrogate marker may provide a basis for marketing approval, before more definitive endpoint data become available. However, the acceptability of a surrogate depends on the nature and quality of the data supporting its predictive value. Given the considerations of large study size, long duration, and high cost that may hamper development of potential agents, studies designed to examine the predictive value of surrogate endpoint biomarkers are of great importance to the future development of chemoprevention research. JF - Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement AU - Johnson, K A AU - Beitz, J AU - Justice, R AU - Schmidt, W AU - Andrews, P AU - DeLap, R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1 EP - 6 VL - 27 SN - 0733-1959, 0733-1959 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Clinical Protocols UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79598187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+cellular+biochemistry.+Supplement&rft.atitle=Protocol+design+considerations+that+relate+to+demonstrating+the+safety+and+effectiveness+of+chemopreventive+agents.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+K+A%3BBeitz%2C+J%3BJustice%2C+R%3BSchmidt%2C+W%3BAndrews%2C+P%3BDeLap%2C+R&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+cellular+biochemistry.+Supplement&rft.issn=07331959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-07-02 N1 - Date created - 1998-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work organization research at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. AN - 79574144; 9552275 AB - For 25 years, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has conducted and sponsored laboratory, field, and epidemiological studies that have helped define the role of work organization factors in occupational safety and health. Research has focused on the health effects of specific job conditions, occupational stressors in specific occupations, occupational difference in the incidence of stressors and stress-related disorders, and intervention strategies. NIOSH and the American Psychological Association have formalized the concept of occupational health psychology and developed a postdoctoral training program. The National Occupational Research Agenda recognizes organization of work as one of 21 national occupational safety and health research priority areas. Future research should focus on industries, occupations, and populations at special risk; the impact of work organization on overall health; the identification of healthy organization characteristics; and the development of intervention strategies. JF - Journal of occupational health psychology AU - Rosenstock, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC 20201, USA. Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 7 EP - 10 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1076-8998, 1076-8998 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Workplace -- organization & administration KW - Occupational Diseases -- psychology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Stress, Psychological -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79574144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+health+psychology&rft.atitle=Work+organization+research+at+the+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health.&rft.au=Rosenstock%2C+L&rft.aulast=Rosenstock&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+health+psychology&rft.issn=10768998&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Projection of molecular epidemiology in medicine. AN - 79572321; 9504119 AB - Molecular epidemiology is a term to describe the incorporation of molecular and other types of biomarkers into epidemiology. Molecular epidemiology uses the same paradigm as traditional epidemiology but the former represents the opportunity to use the enhances resolving power of molecular biology and contemporary biochemical science to assess exposure disease relationships. There are three types of biomarkers that can be used in this regard: They include markers of exposure, effect and susceptibility. These markers can be used as dependent and independent variables in most epidemiologic study designs. Critical in their use is that they are validated and field tested. This requires extensive collaboration between laboratory and public health scientist. Special attention also needs or be paid to the interpretation and communication of biomarker data and the ethical issues attendant to their use. JF - Gaceta medica de Mexico AU - Schulte, P A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 155 EP - 159 VL - 133 Suppl 1 SN - 0016-3813, 0016-3813 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Genetic Techniques KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - DNA Damage KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Molecular Biology -- trends KW - Medicine KW - Epidemiology -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79572321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gaceta+medica+de+Mexico&rft.atitle=Projection+of+molecular+epidemiology+in+medicine.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=133+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gaceta+medica+de+Mexico&rft.issn=00163813&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-04-09 N1 - Date created - 1998-04-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of antioxidant enzymes in bleomycin-treated rats by vitamin C and beta-carotene. AN - 79498895; 9427975 AB - Bleomycin (BLM), an antineoplastic drug, is known to induce DNA strand breaks and is also mutagenic in mammalian cells; however, its mechanism of action is not well understood. It has been proposed that BLM cytotoxicity is mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species. We have determined the effects of BLM on endogenous hepatic antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in rats exposed to BLM in conjunction with dietary vitamins, vitamin C and beta-carotene (BC). Male Fischer 344 rats of two different age groups were treated with BLM in the presence or absence of antioxidant vitamins. In control animals, an age-associated decrease in GPx activity was noted (p < 0.05). The decrease in GPx activity observed in BLM-treated old animals given vitamin C was significant (p < 0.05) compared with BLM-treated young animals fed vitamin C. BC moderately induced GPx and glutathione reductase activities in old BLM-treated animals; however, the increase in GPx was statistically significant (p < 0.05) only compared with old controls. A similar increase was noted in the activities of all the enzymes examined in young animals. Our results indicate that BLM exposure was accompanied by alterations in the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, with a profound increase in activities occurring in old animals. In addition, the observed enzyme activities were modulated by antioxidant vitamin administration. The observation that both vitamins displayed differential effects on the enzyme activities also suggests that vitamin C and BC exert their effects by separate mechanisms. JF - Nutrition and cancer AU - Desai, V G AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Aidoo, A AU - Casciano, D A AU - Feuers, R J AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 127 EP - 132 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0163-5581, 0163-5581 KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Bleomycin KW - 11056-06-7 KW - Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.49 KW - Glutathione Reductase KW - EC 1.8.1.7 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Glutathione Reductase -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Age Factors KW - Glutathione Reductase -- metabolism KW - Cohort Studies KW - Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase -- drug effects KW - Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Male KW - beta Carotene -- administration & dosage KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Ascorbic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- administration & dosage KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Bleomycin -- administration & dosage KW - beta Carotene -- pharmacology KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- toxicity KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Bleomycin -- toxicity KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79498895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+and+cancer&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+antioxidant+enzymes+in+bleomycin-treated+rats+by+vitamin+C+and+beta-carotene.&rft.au=Desai%2C+V+G%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BAidoo%2C+A%3BCasciano%2C+D+A%3BFeuers%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Desai&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+and+cancer&rft.issn=01635581&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1998-02-12 N1 - Date created - 1998-02-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of heterogeneity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin gene, tox, and its regulatory element, dtxR, by direct sequencing. AN - 79473883; 9404504 AB - The largest diphtheria outbreak in the developed world since the 1960s is in progress in the Russian Federation. Seventy-two Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains from throughout Russia and the Ukraine, selected for temporal and geographic diversity, and 6 reference and control strains were assayed by DNA direct sequencing, and DNA sequences of their diphtheria toxin gene, tox, and the regulatory dtxR gene, were compared to those of the Park-Williams no. 8 strain (PW8). Twenty-eight C. diphtheriae strains had entire tox sequences identical to that of the PW8 strain. Among the remaining 40 strains which were toxigenic, 4 point mutations were detected in the tox gene, one within the A and three within the B subunit gene. All four were silent mutations, indicating that diphtheria toxin is highly conserved at the amino acid sequence level; therefore, changes in the efficacy of the current vaccines would be unlikely to occur. Within the open reading frame of the regulatory dtxR gene, 35 point mutations were detected. Only 15 strains had entire dtxR sequences identical to that of the PW8 strain. Nine amino acid substitutions were found in the carboxyl half of dtxR: 22 and 25 strains differed from the PW8 strain in one and two amino acids, respectively. Given that naturally occurring variations of dtxR might be associated with increased diphtheria toxin production, studies to investigate the association of these point mutations and amino acid substitutions with quantified toxin production in the strains causing the current epidemic are under way. JF - Research in microbiology AU - Nakao, H AU - Mazurova, I K AU - Glushkevich, T AU - Popovic, T AD - Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 45 EP - 54 VL - 148 IS - 1 SN - 0923-2508, 0923-2508 KW - Diphtheria Toxin KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Ukraine KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Russia KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Mutation KW - Genetic Heterogeneity KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- genetics KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- classification KW - Diphtheria Toxin -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79473883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+in+microbiology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+heterogeneity+of+Corynebacterium+diphtheriae+toxin+gene%2C+tox%2C+and+its+regulatory+element%2C+dtxR%2C+by+direct+sequencing.&rft.au=Nakao%2C+H%3BMazurova%2C+I+K%3BGlushkevich%2C+T%3BPopovic%2C+T&rft.aulast=Nakao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Research+in+microbiology&rft.issn=09232508&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-31 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of heterocyclic amine carcinogens in cooked meats using isotope dilution liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. AN - 79409710; 9364795 AB - Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are formed in cooked meats through pyrolysis reactions of different amino acids in the presence or absence of creatine/creatinine and sugars. HAAs are mutagens, colon/mammary gland carcinogens in rodents, and are suspected in the etiology of human cancers. In this study, cooked meats containing incurred HAAs as well as control (microwave) meat, were spiked with four labeled HAA internal standards (MeIQx, IQ, AAC and PhIP) and extracted using a liquid/liquid cleanup procedure. Isotope dilution measurements were made using on-line liquid chromatography atmosphere pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring to provide the sensitivity and specificity needed for trace analysis in these complex matrices. The procedure was validated using control meat spiked with the four native HAAs at 0-50 ppb. The levels of HAAs found in cooked meats ranged from non-detectable (limit of detection 0.1-1.0 ppb) in microwave-cooked hamburger to 226 ppb PhIP and 104 ppb AAC in well-done grilled chicken. This methodology has the potential to provide accurate data on the consumption of HAAs in the diet for use in human cancer risk assessment. JF - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM AU - Holder, C L AU - Preece, S W AU - Conway, S C AU - Pu, Y M AU - Doerge, D R AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1667 EP - 1672 VL - 11 IS - 15 SN - 0951-4198, 0951-4198 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Heterocyclic Compounds KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Humans KW - Cooking KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Amines -- analysis KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79409710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+heterocyclic+amine+carcinogens+in+cooked+meats+using+isotope+dilution+liquid+chromatography%2Fatmospheric+pressure+chemical+ionization+tandem+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Holder%2C+C+L%3BPreece%2C+S+W%3BConway%2C+S+C%3BPu%2C+Y+M%3BDoerge%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Holder&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.issn=09514198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidative damage to nucleic acids photosensitized by titanium dioxide. AN - 79399297; 9378364 AB - The semiconductor TiO2 is known to have photobiological activity in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Applications of this photobiological activity have been suggested including sterilization of waste water and phototherapy of malignant cells. Here, several model and cellular systems were used to study the mechanism of photocatalysis by TiO2. Treatment of TiO2 (anatase, 0.45 microns), suspended in water containing a spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), with UV radiation (320 nm) resulted in an electron spin resonance (ESR) signal characteristic of the hydroxyl radical. Irradiation of solutions containing calf thymus DNA and TiO2 with UVA (320-400 nm) radiation resulted in hydroxylation of guanine bases. The degree of hydroxylation was dependent on both UVA fluence and amount of TiO2 in suspension. Human skin fibroblasts, preincubated 18 h with 10 micrograms/cm2 TiO2 and then UVA-irradiated (0-58 KJ/m2), showed dose dependent photocytoxicity. RNA, isolated from similarly treated fibroblasts, contained significant levels of photooxidation, measured as hydroxylation of guanine bases. However, no oxidative damage was detectable in cellular DNA. These results suggest that nucleic acids are a potential target for photooxidative damage sensitized by TiO2, and support the view that TiO2 photocatalyzes free radical formation. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Wamer, W G AU - Yin, J J AU - Wei, R R AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. WGW@FDACF.SSW.DHHS.GOV Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 851 EP - 858 VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - 0 KW - Deoxyguanine Nucleotides KW - Nucleic Acids KW - Photosensitizing Agents KW - Spin Labels KW - Suspensions KW - 8-oxodeoxyguanosine triphosphate KW - 139307-94-1 KW - titanium dioxide KW - 15FIX9V2JP KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide KW - 7170JZ1QF3 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Titanium KW - D1JT611TNE KW - Index Medicus KW - Photochemistry KW - RNA -- radiation effects KW - Fibroblasts -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Skin KW - Deoxyguanine Nucleotides -- radiation effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - RNA -- drug effects KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Cattle KW - Deoxyguanine Nucleotides -- metabolism KW - RNA -- metabolism KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Fibroblasts -- radiation effects KW - DNA -- radiation effects KW - Cell Line KW - Titanium -- toxicity KW - Photosensitizing Agents -- toxicity KW - Titanium -- radiation effects KW - Photosensitizing Agents -- radiation effects KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Nucleic Acids -- drug effects KW - Oxidative Stress -- radiation effects KW - Nucleic Acids -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79399297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Oxidative+damage+to+nucleic+acids+photosensitized+by+titanium+dioxide.&rft.au=Wamer%2C+W+G%3BYin%2C+J+J%3BWei%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Wamer&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=851&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-11-12 N1 - Date created - 1997-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic drug-drug interactions: perspective from FDA medical and clinical pharmacology reviewers. AN - 79347095; 9342179 JF - Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Balian, J D AU - Rahman, A AD - Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 231 EP - 238 VL - 43 SN - 1054-3589, 1054-3589 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- metabolism KW - Drug Interactions KW - Drug Approval UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79347095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+pharmacology+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Metabolic+drug-drug+interactions%3A+perspective+from+FDA+medical+and+clinical+pharmacology+reviewers.&rft.au=Balian%2C+J+D%3BRahman%2C+A&rft.aulast=Balian&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+pharmacology+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10543589&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-01 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The physiologic, neurologic, and behavioral effects of caloric restriction related to aging, disease, and environmental factors. AN - 79313250; 9311553 AB - Little is known about the mechanisms by which acute and chronic caloric restriction (CR) modulate disease, longevity, and toxicity. To study these endpoints, behavioral parameters such as food and water consumption and physiologic parameters such as motor activity, body temperature, metabolic output (oxygen use), and respiratory quotient (RQ) were continuously monitored in 26-month-old male B6C3F1 mice and Fischer 344 rats fed either ad libitum (AL) or a CR diet (60% of AL). Different dietary regimens were used: rodents were (1) chronically food-restricted using daily feeding starting at 14 months of age, (2) chronically food-restricted using alternate day feeding, or (3) abruptly switched from CR to AL (acute CR). The physiologic and behavioral changes seen with chronic and acute CR were consistent across strains and species. Average body temperature, the number of meals, and the ratio of food/water consumption were significantly lower in CR rodents than in AL rodents. Also, the daily range of body temperature, oxygen metabolism, RQ, average water consumption, and motor activity was significantly higher in CR rodents. CR caused the onset of altered neurobehavioral functions such as abnormal water consumption; increases in motor activity, serum corticosterone, and stress proteins (HSP); and decreases in the basal setpoint for body temperature and brain metabolism. These changes strongly suggest that many beneficial effects of CR are controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via hormonal regulation. This study supports the assertion that nutritional status may be a primary factor of consideration in development of safety standards and assessment of risk. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. JF - Environmental research AU - Duffy, P H AU - Leakey, J E AU - Pipkin, J L AU - Turturro, A AU - Hart, R W AD - Biometry and Risk Assessment, Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 242 EP - 248 VL - 73 IS - 1-2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Environment KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Energy Intake UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79313250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=The+physiologic%2C+neurologic%2C+and+behavioral+effects+of+caloric+restriction+related+to+aging%2C+disease%2C+and+environmental+factors.&rft.au=Duffy%2C+P+H%3BLeakey%2C+J+E%3BPipkin%2C+J+L%3BTurturro%2C+A%3BHart%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The drug abuse treatment gap: recent estimates. AN - 79297765; 10173122 AB - There is a widely acknowledged problem of drug abuse in the United States, but there is no widely accepted estimate of the number who need treatment for drug abuse. In this article, the authors present new estimates of the numbers of persons in this country who need and receive treatment. These estimates are derived from improved definitions and statistical estimating methods applied to the national Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDS). There are two separate estimates (based on severity) of people needing treatment, yielding a combined total of 7.1 million people. These new estimates are crucial to better resource planning and allocation. JF - Health care financing review AU - Woodward, A AU - Epstein, J AU - Gfroerer, J AU - Melnick, D AU - Thoreson, R AU - Willson, D AD - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 5 EP - 17 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0195-8631, 0195-8631 KW - Health administration KW - Sex Factors KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Poverty KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Mental Health Services -- trends KW - Health Services Needs and Demand -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mental Health Services -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mental Health Services -- utilization KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79297765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+care+financing+review&rft.atitle=The+drug+abuse+treatment+gap%3A+recent+estimates.&rft.au=Woodward%2C+A%3BEpstein%2C+J%3BGfroerer%2C+J%3BMelnick%2C+D%3BThoreson%2C+R%3BWillson%2C+D&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+care+financing+review&rft.issn=01958631&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prenatal fumonisin (FB1) treatment in rats results in minimal maternal or offspring toxicity. AN - 79276223; 9291504 AB - To investigate the neurobehavioral and developmental effects of the mycotoxin, FB1, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with FB1 on gestational days 13-20. In Experiment 1, FB1 was obtained from culture material and pregnant rats were gavaged with 0, 0.8 or 1.6 mg/kg. In Experiment 2, pregnant rats were gavaged with purified FB1 at doses of 0, 1.6 or 9.6 mg/kg. Offspring were evaluated on a battery of behavioral tests as well as measures of whole and regional brain weight. There were no effects on maternal weight gain, reproductive outcomes, or offspring body weight through adulthood in either experiment. Complex maze performance, open field and running wheel activity were not altered by prenatal FB1 treatment. In Experiment 2, acoustic startle response was depressed at two ages during the first or second block of 9 trials in males treated with purified FB1. Females exhibited no such alterations. Play behavior at PND 33, but not PND 26, was increased in males prenatally treated with 9.6 mg/kg relative to those treated with 1.6 mg/kg. There were no substantive treatment effects on regional brain weight. These results suggest that doses of < or = 9.6 mg purified FB1/kg and/or < or = 1.6 mg FB1/kg obtained from culture material cause minimal maternal toxicity and produce few development functional alterations. In addition, potential FB1-related functional alterations were evident only in males providing further support for a mild sex-specific effect for fumonisin. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Omer, V E AU - Kwon, O S AU - Holson, R R AU - Houston, R J AU - Rottinghaus, G E AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 561 EP - 569 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Maze Learning -- drug effects KW - Fetal Diseases -- pathology KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Nervous System Diseases -- pathology KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Fetal Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Smell -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Growth -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy, Animal -- drug effects KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Carboxylic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79276223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Prenatal+fumonisin+%28FB1%29+treatment+in+rats+results+in+minimal+maternal+or+offspring+toxicity.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A%3BOmer%2C+V+E%3BKwon%2C+O+S%3BHolson%2C+R+R%3BHouston%2C+R+J%3BRottinghaus%2C+G+E%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The 139H scrapie agent produces hypothalamic neurotoxicity and pancreatic islet histopathology: electron microscopic studies. AN - 79271689; 9291501 AB - Neuronal degeneration, along with astrocytosis, spongiform vacuolation, and amyloid (PrPSc) formation, have long been regarded as neuropathological hallmarks of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). In animals, these diseases include; scrapie, transmissible mink encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease, bovine and feline spongiform encephalopathies, and in humans; kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS). The abnormal amyloid protein, (PrPSc) is toxic to neurons. Our previous studies showed that hamsters treated with 139H scrapie strain developed obesity, and generalized endocrinopathy, including lesions in hypothalamus, pituitary and pancreas. Histochemical and immunocytochemical studies revealed extensive pathological changes in the islets of Langerhans in 139H-infected hamsters, but not in hamsters infected with 263K scrapie strain. Using routine electron microscopy (EM), we have observed more details of lesions in the beta cells of islets of Langerhans in these animals. Cytoplasmic vacuolation occurred, cytoplasmic organelles were found damaged and disrupted, and membranes were occasionally ruptured. The width of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumina were 50-150 nm in controls, whereas in 139H-infected hamsters, they wee occasionally increased up to 4000 nm in diameter. Most beta cells showed degranulation. These EM observations suggest that the cellular death seen in the islets of Langerhans in 139H-infected hamsters is due to necrosis, not apoptosis. Since there were no amyloid deposits found in the islet of Langerhans at the EM level, and there were extremely low scrapie infectivity levels and PrPSc levels in pancreas, it is suggested that the changes noted in pancreas were not a direct toxic effect of PrPSc. Instead, our study suggests that scrapie prion protein PrPSc, acting as a neurotoxicant, alters the hypothalamic neuroendocrine regulation of the pancreas. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Ye, X AU - Scallet, A C AU - Carp, R I AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 533 EP - 545 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - PrPSc Proteins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Mesocricetus KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Female KW - Cricetinae KW - Islets of Langerhans -- ultrastructure KW - Scrapie -- pathology KW - Hypothalamus -- pathology KW - Hypothalamus -- ultrastructure KW - Islets of Langerhans -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79271689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=The+139H+scrapie+agent+produces+hypothalamic+neurotoxicity+and+pancreatic+islet+histopathology%3A+electron+microscopic+studies.&rft.au=Ye%2C+X%3BScallet%2C+A+C%3BCarp%2C+R+I&rft.aulast=Ye&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic health effects of microbial foodborne disease. AN - 79249521; 9282386 AB - The acute effects of foodborne disease are sometimes not the end of the illness. Several significant foodborne pathogens are capable of triggering chronic disease, and even permanent tissue or organ destruction, probably via immune mechanisms. Arthritis, septic and reactive, inflammatory bowel disease, haemolytic uraemic syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and possible several autoimmune disorders can be triggered by foodborne pathogens or their toxins. Research is needed to more fully understand the mechanisms by which the immune system is inappropriately activated by these common foodborne disease-causing agents. JF - World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales AU - Bunning, V K AU - Lindsay, J A AU - Archer, D L AD - Division of Virulence Assessment, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 51 EP - 56 VL - 50 IS - 1-2 SN - 0379-8070, 0379-8070 KW - Superantigens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Chronic Disease KW - Superantigens -- immunology KW - Morbidity KW - Rheumatic Diseases -- immunology KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- microbiology KW - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- microbiology KW - Rheumatic Diseases -- microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- complications KW - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- immunology KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79249521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+health+statistics+quarterly.+Rapport+trimestriel+de+statistiques+sanitaires+mondiales&rft.atitle=Chronic+health+effects+of+microbial+foodborne+disease.&rft.au=Bunning%2C+V+K%3BLindsay%2C+J+A%3BArcher%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Bunning&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+health+statistics+quarterly.+Rapport+trimestriel+de+statistiques+sanitaires+mondiales&rft.issn=03798070&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-26 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the protective effects against chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and the rates of iron (III) displacement reactions of ICRF-187 and other bisdiketopiperazines. AN - 79242784; 9272116 AB - Histologic and biochemical studies were carried out to compare the protective activity of various bisdiketopiperazines against the cardiac and renal toxicity induced by doxorubicin in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a well-established animal model of this disorder, with: (1) the rates of hydrolysis of these agents to form the iron-chelating derivatives (which are considered to cause a decrease in the formation of reactive oxygen intermediates) and (2) the ability of these derivatives to bind iron. SHR were given 12 weekly injections of doxorubicin, 1 mg/kg i.v. either alone or 30 min after the administration of ICRF-154, ICRF-187, ICRF-192, ICRF-197, ICRF-198, ICRF-239 and ADR-559. Semiquantitative grading of the severity of the resulting cardiac and renal lesions showed that ICRF-187, ICRF-154 and ADR-559 were the most protective, whereas ICRF-197 and ICRF-239 provided intermediate degrees of protection, and ICRF-192 and ICRF-198 were not protective. Quantitative measurements in vitro revealed only relatively small differences in the rates of opening of the two diketopiperazine rings of the various agents to form the corresponding iron-chelating diacid diamide derivatives, and in the ability of these various derivatives to remove iron from the iron-doxorubicin complex. Such differences showed no relationship with cardioprotective activity. Some bisdiketopiperazines (including ICRF-154 and ICRF-187) with cardioprotective activity also are inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase II; however, the significance of this relationship remains uncertain, since ADR-925, the open-ring derivative of ICRF-187, does not inhibit DNA topoisomerase II. JF - Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology AU - Herman, E H AU - Zhang, J AU - Hasinoff, B B AU - Chadwick, D P AU - Clark, J R AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Research and Testing (HFD-910), Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 400 EP - 408 VL - 40 IS - 5 SN - 0344-5704, 0344-5704 KW - ADR 559 KW - 0 KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic KW - Cardiovascular Agents KW - Chelating Agents KW - Ethylenediamines KW - Piperazines KW - 4,4'-(1,2-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediyl)bis-2,6-piperazinedione KW - 21416-68-2 KW - ICRF 192 KW - 58893-33-7 KW - Razoxane KW - 5AR83PR647 KW - ICRF 198 KW - 75459-34-6 KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - DNA Topoisomerases, Type II KW - EC 5.99.1.3 KW - 1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)ethane KW - QML51S42CD KW - Glycine KW - TE7660XO1C KW - 4,4'-(1-methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)bis(1-methyl-2,6-piperazinedione) KW - V69OO674CF KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Chelating Agents -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Glycine -- pharmacology KW - Hydrolysis -- drug effects KW - Glycine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Ethylenediamines -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Razoxane -- analogs & derivatives KW - Razoxane -- pharmacology KW - Doxorubicin -- adverse effects KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Piperazines -- pharmacology KW - Myocardium -- metabolism KW - Iron -- metabolism KW - Cardiovascular Agents -- pharmacology KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79242784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+protective+effects+against+chronic+doxorubicin+cardiotoxicity+and+the+rates+of+iron+%28III%29+displacement+reactions+of+ICRF-187+and+other+bisdiketopiperazines.&rft.au=Herman%2C+E+H%3BZhang%2C+J%3BHasinoff%2C+B+B%3BChadwick%2C+D+P%3BClark%2C+J+R%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.issn=03445704&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies of nonresponse and measurement error in the national household survey on drug abuse. AN - 79166738; 9243566 AB - A summary of the results of a series of studies of nonresponse and measurement error in the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) is given in this chapter. Two studies not previously reported, the Skip Pattern Experiment and the Census Match Study, are the primary focus of the chapter. The Skip Pattern Experiment involved a test of a modified NHSDA questionnaire that made extensive use of skip patterns in drug use questions. Compared to the standard NHSDA method, which avoids skip patterns, the modified questionnaire tended to produce lower rates of reported drug use. The Census Match Study involved linking 1990 NHSDA nonrespondent cases with data from the 1990 Decennial Census. Household and individual data for NHSDA nonrespondents were obtained from the Census and used to characterize NHSDA nonresponse patterns in detail. A multilevel logistic model of response propensity identified the important predictors of nonresponse, including characteristics of the sampled person, the selected household, the neighborhood, and the interviewer. JF - NIDA research monograph AU - Gfroerer, J AU - Lessler, J AU - Parsley, T AD - Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 273 EP - 295 VL - 167 SN - 1046-9516, 1046-9516 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Censuses KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Prevalence KW - Self Disclosure KW - Health Surveys KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79166738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.atitle=Studies+of+nonresponse+and+measurement+error+in+the+national+household+survey+on+drug+abuse.&rft.au=Gfroerer%2C+J%3BLessler%2C+J%3BParsley%2C+T&rft.aulast=Gfroerer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.issn=10469516&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-05 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of external data sources and ratio estimation to improve estimates of hardcore drug use from the NHSDA. AN - 79165680; 9243574 AB - Levels of hardcore drug use have been especially difficult to estimate because of the relative rarity of the behavior, the difficulty of locating hardcore drug users, and the tendency to underreport stigmatized behavior. This chapter presents a new application of ratio estimation, combining sample data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) together with population counts of the number of persons arrested in the past year from the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and the number of persons in drug treatment programs in the past year from the National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey (NDATUS). The population counts serve as a benchmark accounting for undercoverage and underreporting of hard drug users. JF - NIDA research monograph AU - Wright, D AU - Gfroerer, J AU - Epstein, J AD - Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 477 EP - 497 VL - 167 SN - 1046-9516, 1046-9516 KW - Heroin KW - 70D95007SX KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Crime KW - Health Surveys KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79165680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.atitle=The+use+of+external+data+sources+and+ratio+estimation+to+improve+estimates+of+hardcore+drug+use+from+the+NHSDA.&rft.au=Wright%2C+D%3BGfroerer%2C+J%3BEpstein%2C+J&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.issn=10469516&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-05 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of radiofrequency radiation-induced hyperthermia and 2-methoxyethanol teratogenicity in rats. AN - 79103040; 9209716 AB - Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is used in a variety of workplaces. In addition to RF radiation, many workers are concurrently exposed to numerous chemicals; exposed workers include those involved with the microelectronics industry, plastic sealers, and electrosurgical units. The developmental toxicity of RF radiation is associated with the degree and duration of hyperthermia induced by the exposure. Previous animal research indicates that hyperthermia induced by an elevation in ambient temperature can potentiate the toxicity and teratogenicity of some chemical agents. We previously demonstrated that combined exposure to RF radiation (10 MHz) and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. The purpose of the present research is to determine the effects of varying the degree and duration of hyperthermia induced by RF radiation (sufficient to maintain colonic temperatures at control [38.5], 39.0, 40.0, or 41.0 degrees C for up to 6 h) and 2ME (100 mg/kg) administered on gestation day 13 of rats. Focusing on characterizing the dose-response pattern of interactions, this research seeks to determine the lowest interactive effect level. Day 20 fetuses were examined for external and skeletal malformations. The results are consistent with previous observations. Significant interactions were observed between 2ME and RF radiation sufficient to maintain colonic temperatures at 41 degrees C for 1 h, but no consistent interactions were seen at lower temperatures even with longer durations. These data indicate that combined exposure effects should be considered when developing both RF radiation and chemical exposure guidelines and intervention strategies. JF - Bioelectromagnetics AU - Nelson, B K AU - Conover, D L AU - Krieg, E F AU - Snyder, D L AU - Edwards, R M AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 349 EP - 359 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0197-8462, 0197-8462 KW - Ethylene Glycols KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Teratogens KW - methyl cellosolve KW - EK1L6XWI56 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Body Temperature KW - Gestational Age KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Radio Waves KW - Solvents -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced KW - Ethylene Glycols -- toxicity KW - Bone and Bones -- abnormalities KW - Hyperthermia, Induced KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79103040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioelectromagnetics&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+radiofrequency+radiation-induced+hyperthermia+and+2-methoxyethanol+teratogenicity+in+rats.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BConover%2C+D+L%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BSnyder%2C+D+L%3BEdwards%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioelectromagnetics&rft.issn=01978462&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunization with meningococcal membrane-bound lipooligosaccharide accelerates granulocyte recovery and enhances lymphocyte proliferation in myelosuppressed mice. AN - 79075676; 9200187 AB - Protective effects of detergent-treated outer membrane vesicles (D-OMVs) prepared from the parent group B M986 strain and the nonencapsulated M986-NCV mutant in myelosuppressed mice were investigated in models of experimental septic shock. The effects of D-OMVs on expansion of the myeloid compartment, on spleen cell proliferation to mitogen stimulation, and on cytokines induced during this period were investigated. On 3 consecutive days, mice were injected with 1 microgram/kg of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) or lipopolysaccharide, or 75 micrograms/kg D-OMV followed by a single dose of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) 24 h later. Eight weeks after the last injection, animals were challenged with a combination of galactosamine (400 mg/kg) and live Neisseria meningitidis. More than 90% of control mice died within 24 h when challenged with 10(5) CFU of bacteria. Mice immunized with LOS or D-OMV were rendered neutropenic but were protected against bacterial challenge of at least 10(7) CFU. At different time intervals, peripheral blood samples were obtained to characterize changes in circulating blood cells. The rise in absolute granulocyte numbers occurred 24 h earlier with peak cell counts about 3 times higher than those seen in the placebo groups. Peripheral blood cells from D-OMV-treated animals expressed about twofold more Gr-1 antigen (myeloid surface cell marker) than placebo-treated controls. The proliferative responses to both B and T cells were reduced in all treatment groups due to the effects of cyclophosphamide. D-OMV treatment afforded the greatest protection for mitogen-activated lymphocytes from the lethal effects of cyclophosphamide and also enhanced T and B cell proliferation. Low IL-1 beta levels and increases in serum IL-6 were detected in all treatment groups. In contrast, significant IFN-gamma and IL-3 levels were only detected in D-OMV-treated groups. These results indicate that D-OMVs, which have reduced toxicity, have prophylactic potential in inducing specific cytokines that accelerate granulocyte recovery following cytoreductive therapy by promoting both proliferation and maturation of myeloid precursors as well as augmenting the immune system. JF - Pathobiology : journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology AU - Quakyi, E K AU - Carter, P H AU - Tsai, C M AU - Marti, G E AD - Center for Biologic Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 26 EP - 38 VL - 65 IS - 1 SN - 1015-2008, 1015-2008 KW - Antigens, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Interleukin-3 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - lipid-linked oligosaccharides KW - Galactosamine KW - 7535-00-4 KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - Antigens, CD45 KW - EC 3.1.3.48 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Interleukin-3 -- blood KW - Galactosamine -- immunology KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Cell Differentiation KW - Mice KW - Leukocyte Count KW - Interleukin-6 -- blood KW - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Interleukin-1 -- blood KW - Antigens, CD45 -- analysis KW - Spleen -- immunology KW - Interferon-gamma -- blood KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- immunology KW - Female KW - Immunocompromised Host -- immunology KW - Cyclophosphamide -- pharmacology KW - Lymphocyte Activation KW - Shock, Septic -- immunology KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- immunology KW - Granulocytes -- immunology KW - Antigens, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Neisseria meningitidis -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/79075676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pathobiology+%3A+journal+of+immunopathology%2C+molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.atitle=Immunization+with+meningococcal+membrane-bound+lipooligosaccharide+accelerates+granulocyte+recovery+and+enhances+lymphocyte+proliferation+in+myelosuppressed+mice.&rft.au=Quakyi%2C+E+K%3BCarter%2C+P+H%3BTsai%2C+C+M%3BMarti%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Quakyi&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=26&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pathobiology+%3A+journal+of+immunopathology%2C+molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.issn=10152008&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-08-15 N1 - Date created - 1997-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular epidemiology of breast cancer. AN - 78946770; 9108591 JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Ambrosone, C B AU - Shields, P G AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology (CBA), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 83 EP - 99 VL - 396 SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Index Medicus KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- adverse effects KW - Hydrocarbons -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Amines -- adverse effects KW - Breast Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Breast Neoplasms -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78946770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=Molecular+epidemiology+of+breast+cancer.&rft.au=Ambrosone%2C+C+B%3BShields%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Ambrosone&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=396&rft.issue=&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-07-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Practical application of non-whole animal alternatives: summary of IRAG workshop on eye irritation testing. Interagency Regulatory Alternatives Group. AN - 78936958; 9100821 AB - In November 1993, the Interagency Regulatory Alternatives Group (IRAG) sponsored a workshop to examine the current scientific status of alternatives to the Draize eye irritation test by assessing the current practical application of methods used to predict in vivo eye irritation. Laboratories from around the world were invited to submit detailed in vitro and in vivo data in parallel according to a specific set of guidelines in a consistent format. In vitro scores were compared with individual tissue scores. Over 60 data sets from 41 laboratories were received for 29 different test methods. Methods were grouped into five categories: organotypic models, chorioallantoic membrane-based assays, cell function-based assays, cytotoxicity assays and other systems. Data submissions and correlation analyses have been used to demonstrate the application of guidelines in method evaluations. Findings are summarized and future directions are indicated. A significant outcome of the workshop was the co-operation demonstrated among representatives of industry, academia and government in sharing test data on more than 2000 chemicals, products and product formulations for evaluation by their peers. Information obtained from this workshop will add to the weight of scientific evidence and scientific consensus about in vitro test methods and will establish credibility for regulatory acceptance of non-whole animal alternatives for ocular irritation. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Bradlaw, J AU - Gupta, K AU - Green, S AU - Hill, R AU - Wilcox, N AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 175 EP - 178 VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Irritants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Toxicity Tests -- methods KW - Irritants -- toxicity KW - Animal Testing Alternatives -- methods KW - Eye -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78936958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Practical+application+of+non-whole+animal+alternatives%3A+summary+of+IRAG+workshop+on+eye+irritation+testing.+Interagency+Regulatory+Alternatives+Group.&rft.au=Bradlaw%2C+J%3BGupta%2C+K%3BGreen%2C+S%3BHill%2C+R%3BWilcox%2C+N&rft.aulast=Bradlaw&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of chronic cocaine exposure throughout pregnancy on maternal and infant outcomes in the rhesus monkey. AN - 78928312; 9088010 AB - To explore the effects of gestational cocaine exposure in a nonhuman primate model, pregnant rhesus monkeys were either treated (N = 10) with escalating doses of cocaine up to 7.5 mg/kg (IM), three times per day, 5 consecutive days per week, prior to conception and throughout gestation, or were not treated (N = 10) with cocaine at all. Substantial levels of both cocaine and its major metabolite, benzoylecgonine, were observed in samples of hair taken at birth from mothers and infants of the cocaine-treated group. Despite these differences in cocaine exposure, the experimental groups did not differ significantly with respect to maternal outcome, as measured by body weight again during pregnancy and length of pregnancy. On the other hand, the experimental groups did differ significantly with respect to infant outcome, as measured at birth by body weight, overall length, and crown circumference, all of which were decreased in the cocaine-treated group. A variety of reflexes tested at birth were normal in the cocaine-treated group. It was concluded that, in a rhesus monkey model, chronic cocaine exposure throughout pregnancy had no significant effect on maternal outcome, but did significantly affect infant outcome as assessed in this investigation. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Morris, P AU - Binienda, Z AU - Gillam, M P AU - Klein, J AU - McMartin, K AU - Koren, G AU - Duhart, H M AU - Slikker, W AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. pmorris@nctr.fda.gov PY - 1997 SP - 47 EP - 57 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Narcotics KW - 0 KW - benzoylecgonine KW - 5353I8I6YS KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Hematologic Tests KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Reflex -- drug effects KW - Hair -- metabolism KW - Gestational Age KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Cocaine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Narcotics -- toxicity KW - Narcotics -- blood KW - Cocaine -- toxicity KW - Cocaine -- blood KW - Pregnancy Outcome UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78928312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+chronic+cocaine+exposure+throughout+pregnancy+on+maternal+and+infant+outcomes+in+the+rhesus+monkey.&rft.au=Morris%2C+P%3BBinienda%2C+Z%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BKlein%2C+J%3BMcMartin%2C+K%3BKoren%2C+G%3BDuhart%2C+H+M%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-19 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanism for the anti-thyroid action of minocycline. AN - 78906408; 9074802 AB - Administration of minocycline (MN), a tetracycline antibiotic, produces a black pigment in the thyroids of humans and several species of experimental animals and antithyroid effects in rodents. We have previously shown that these effects appear to be related to interactions of MN with thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the key enzyme in thyroid hormone synthesis. In the present study, the mechanisms for inhibition of TPO-catalyzed iodination and coupling reactions by MN were investigated. MN was stable in the presence of TPO and H2O2, but adding iodide or a phenolic cosubstrate caused rapid conversion to several products. TPO-dependent product formation, characterized by on-line LC-APCI/MS and 1H-NMR, involved oxidative elimination to form the corresponding benzoquinone with subsequent dehydrogenation at the aliphatic 4-(dimethylamino) group. Addition of thiol-containing polymers (bovine serum albumin or thiol-agarose chromatographic beads) had a minimal effect on MN oxidation by TPO, but substantially reduced product formation and produced concomitant losses in free thiols. Covalent bonding through a thioether linkage of a reactive intermediate, the benzoquinone iminium ion, was inferred from these findings. Iodide- and phenolic cosubstrate-dependent oxidation of tetracycline to demethylated and dehydrogenated products was also observed, although at a slower rate than MN. The products and kinetics observed with MN were consistent with oxidation of MN by either the enzymatic iodinating species formed by reaction of TPO compound I with iodide or phenoxyl radicals/cations generated by TPO-mediated oxidation of a phenolic cosubstrate. The proposed reaction mechanism is consistent with alternate substrate inhibition of TPO-catalyzed iodination of tyrosyl residues in thyroglobulin (Tg) by MN, as previously reported. Furthermore, the observed phenoxyl radical-mediated oxidation of MN is consistent with its previously reported potent inhibition of the coupling of hormonogenic iodotyrosine residues in Tg in the reaction that forms thyroid hormones. The proposed reaction mechanism also implicates a reactive benzoquinone iminium ion intermediate that could be important in toxicity of MN. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Doerge, D R AU - Divi, R L AU - Deck, J AU - Taurog, A AD - Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. DDOERGE@NCTR.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 49 EP - 58 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Iodides KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - Guaiacol KW - 6JKA7MAH9C KW - Diiodotyrosine KW - 6L57Q44ZWW KW - Iodide Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.8 KW - Monoiodotyrosine KW - FRQ98U4U27 KW - Minocycline KW - FYY3R43WGO KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Iodides -- pharmacology KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Guaiacol -- metabolism KW - Diiodotyrosine -- metabolism KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism KW - Monoiodotyrosine -- metabolism KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Iodide Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- metabolism KW - Thyroid Gland -- drug effects KW - Minocycline -- toxicity KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- toxicity KW - Thyroid Gland -- metabolism KW - Minocycline -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78906408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Mechanism+for+the+anti-thyroid+action+of+minocycline.&rft.au=Doerge%2C+D+R%3BDivi%2C+R+L%3BDeck%2C+J%3BTaurog%2C+A&rft.aulast=Doerge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-22 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of the toxic oil syndrome. AN - 78894513; 9079193 JF - Archives of toxicology. Supplement. = Archiv fur Toxikologie. Supplement AU - Philen, R M AU - Posada de la Paz, M AU - Hill, R H AU - Schurz, H H AU - Abaitua Borda, I AU - Gómez de la Cámara, A AU - Kilbourne, E M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 41 EP - 52 VL - 19 SN - 0171-9750, 0171-9750 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated KW - Plant Oils KW - canola oil KW - 331KBJ17RK KW - aniline KW - SIR7XX2F1K KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Spain -- epidemiology KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Aniline Compounds -- poisoning KW - Muscular Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Eosinophilia -- chemically induced KW - Food Contamination KW - Lung Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Muscular Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Eosinophilia -- epidemiology KW - Plant Oils -- poisoning KW - Brassica UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78894513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+toxicology.+Supplement.+%3D+Archiv+fur+Toxikologie.+Supplement&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+the+toxic+oil+syndrome.&rft.au=Philen%2C+R+M%3BPosada+de+la+Paz%2C+M%3BHill%2C+R+H%3BSchurz%2C+H+H%3BAbaitua+Borda%2C+I%3BG%C3%B3mez+de+la+C%C3%A1mara%2C+A%3BKilbourne%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Philen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+toxicology.+Supplement.+%3D+Archiv+fur+Toxikologie.+Supplement&rft.issn=01719750&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-12 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infusion pump adverse events: experience from medical device reports. AN - 78873612; 9060364 AB - Infusion pumps are used in the hospital setting, nursing home, and increasingly, in the home. Medical Device Reports to the Food and Drug Administration of adverse events during the use of infusion pumps for a 10-year period are described. Examples of cases reported to the Food and Drug Administration are provided. The problems reported by medical facilities (hospitals, medical centers, hospital pharmacies, or nursing homes) are compared with those that occur in the home or reported by home health care agencies. Overall, there were no differences in the types of adverse events reported by medical facilities when compared with reports from home health care agencies. However, there were differences in the location of use of some of the infusion pumps studied, which could reflect the trend toward home care over the past decade. JF - Journal of intravenous nursing : the official publication of the Intravenous Nurses Society AU - Brown, S L AU - Morrison, A E AU - Parmentier, C M AU - Woo, E K AU - Vishnuvajjala, R L AD - Epidemiology Branch, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 41 EP - 49 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0896-5846, 0896-5846 KW - Nursing KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Equipment Failure KW - Consumer Product Safety -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Infusion Pumps -- classification KW - Infusion Pumps -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78873612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+intravenous+nursing+%3A+the+official+publication+of+the+Intravenous+Nurses+Society&rft.atitle=Infusion+pump+adverse+events%3A+experience+from+medical+device+reports.&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+L%3BMorrison%2C+A+E%3BParmentier%2C+C+M%3BWoo%2C+E+K%3BVishnuvajjala%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+intravenous+nursing+%3A+the+official+publication+of+the+Intravenous+Nurses+Society&rft.issn=08965846&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-03 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laryngeal cancer incidence among workers exposed to acid mists (United States). AN - 78854038; 9051320 AB - In 1992, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) determined that sufficient evidence existed to classify sulfuric acid mists as a human carcinogen, based primarily on six human studies. Possible mechanisms include irritation of epithelial cells in conjunction with cigarette smoking, or a direct genotoxic effect due to a modification of cellular pH. We have followed 1,031 men exposed to acid mists in the steel industry in the United States, via mailed questionnaire and telephone interview, extending by 10 years a prior follow-up of this cohort. These workers averaged 9.2 years of exposure, with an average first year of exposure of 1949. The primary exposure was to sulfuric acid mist, although part of the cohort was exposed to other acid mists. Fourteen laryngeal cancers were observed in the cohort compared with 5.6 expected based on US rates, with follow-up through 1994. A 14 percent upward adjustment in expected cancers due to differences in tobacco and alcohol consumption led to 6.4 laryngeal cancers expected, yielding a rate ratio of 2.2 (95 percent confidence interval = 1.2-3.7). Our findings are consistent with previous findings from this cohort and from most other studies, and tend to confirm IARC's classification of acid mists as a human carcinogen. The occupational exposures of this cohort were at least an order of magnitude higher than usual ambient exposures in urban air. JF - Cancer causes & control : CCC AU - Steenland, K AD - US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 34 EP - 38 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - Acids KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Sulfuric Acids KW - Steel KW - 12597-69-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Laryngeal Neoplasms -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78854038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.atitle=Laryngeal+cancer+incidence+among+workers+exposed+to+acid+mists+%28United+States%29.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-29 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethyl carbamate levels resulting from azodicarbonamide use in bread. AN - 78852950; 9059587 AB - Azodicarbonamide (ADA), a dough conditioner, is an additive approved in the US up to a maximum of 45 mg/kg in flour. The addition of 45 mg/kg of ADA was investigated and found to increase the ethyl carbamate (EC) content of commercially prepared breads by 1-3 micrograms/kg. A similar increase in EC was observed in breads baked in the laboratory with a bread machine. The increase in EC levels appears to depend on a variety of factors, most notably the concentration of ADA added and the time of fermentation. The addition of 20 mg/kg ADA caused only a slight increase, if any, in commercial products but a 2.3 micrograms/kg increase of EC in breads baked with a bread machine. When 100 mg/kg of ascorbic acid was added along with ADA, smaller EC increases were observed. Addition of urea was also found to enhance the EC content of the bread. Toasting, which was previously shown to increase EC levels, caused even larger increases when ADA or urea had been added. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Cañas, B J AU - Diachenko, G W AU - Nyman, P J AD - Division of Natural Products (HFS-347), US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 89 EP - 94 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Azo Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Food Additives KW - Urethane KW - 3IN71E75Z5 KW - 1,1-azobisformamide KW - 56Z28B9C8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Humans KW - Cooking KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Urethane -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Bread -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78852950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Ethyl+carbamate+levels+resulting+from+azodicarbonamide+use+in+bread.&rft.au=Ca%C3%B1as%2C+B+J%3BDiachenko%2C+G+W%3BNyman%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Ca%C3%B1as&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-20 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substance use in the US college-age population: differences according to educational status and living arrangement. AN - 78823278; 9065228 AB - Substance use in the college-age population is an important public health and educational concern. This study compared rates of use among college students and nonstudents, including high school dropouts, from a single data source representative of the nation. Rates of use were estimated from the combined National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse from 1991 to 1993. Logistic regression models were used to test the effects of educational status and living arrangement. Educational status and living arrangement were found to be significant predictors of substance use. Rates of illicit drug and cigarette use were highest among high school dropouts, while current and heavy alcohol use were highest among college students who did not live with their parents. Substantial variation in substance use patterns within the college-age population suggests that overall rates of use for young adults should not be used to characterize specific subgroups of young adults. These data from a single source will thus help planners more clearly distinguish the service needs of the diverse subgroups within this population. JF - American journal of public health AU - Gfroerer, J C AU - Greenblatt, J C AU - Wright, D A AD - Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Md 20857, USA. Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 62 EP - 65 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Adolescent KW - Educational Status KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- etiology KW - Student Dropouts KW - Universities KW - Students KW - Residence Characteristics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78823278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Substance+use+in+the+US+college-age+population%3A+differences+according+to+educational+status+and+living+arrangement.&rft.au=Gfroerer%2C+J+C%3BGreenblatt%2C+J+C%3BWright%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Gfroerer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: JAMA. 1994 Dec 7;272(21):1672-7 [7966895] Am J Public Health. 1995 Jul;85(7):921-6 [7604914] Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Jul;152(7):1026-32 [7793438] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drug abuse control under FDA, 1938-1968. AN - 78822633; 9018295 JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Swann, J P AD - FDA History Office, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. jswann@fdaem.ssw.dhhs.gov PY - 1997 SP - 83 EP - 86 VL - 112 IS - 1 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - United States KW - History, 20th Century KW - Humans KW - Criminology -- history KW - Drug and Narcotic Control -- history KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- history KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- history KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78822633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Drug+abuse+control+under+FDA%2C+1938-1968.&rft.au=Swann%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Swann&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-28 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ELPAT Program report: background and current status (October 1996). AN - 78818167; 9018839 JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Esche, C A AU - Groff, J H AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 59 EP - 63 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Analysis of Variance KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Laboratories -- standards KW - Accreditation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78818167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=ELPAT+Program+report%3A+background+and+current+status+%28October+1996%29.&rft.au=Esche%2C+C+A%3BGroff%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Esche&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid determination of ampicillin in bovine milk by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AN - 78814872; 9011055 AB - A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for the determination of ampicillin residues in raw bovine milk, processed skim milk, and pasteurized, homogenized whole milk with vitamin D. Milk samples were deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and acetonitrile. After centrifugation, the clear supernatant was reacted with formaldehyde and TCA under heat. The major fluorescent derivative of ampicillin was then determined by reversed-phase LC with fluorescence detection. Average recoveries of ampicillin fortified at 5, 10, and 20 ppb (ng/mL) were all > 85% with coefficients of variation < 10%. Limits of detection ranged from 0.31 to 0.51 ppb and limits of quantitation, from 0.66 to 1.2 ppb. After appropriate validation, this method should be suitable for rapid analysis of milk for ampicillin residues at the tolerance level of 10 ppb. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Ang, C Y AU - Luo, W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. PY - 1997 SP - 25 EP - 30 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Penicillins KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Ampicillin KW - 7C782967RD KW - Index Medicus KW - Centrifugation KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Solvents -- chemistry KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Reference Standards KW - Food Contamination KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Penicillins -- analysis KW - Penicillins -- metabolism KW - Ampicillin -- metabolism KW - Ampicillin -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78814872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Rapid+determination+of+ampicillin+in+bovine+milk+by+liquid+chromatography+with+fluorescence+detection.&rft.au=Ang%2C+C+Y%3BLuo%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ang&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential effects of communal rearing and preweaning handling on open-field behavior and hot-plate latencies in mice. AN - 78811449; 9030399 AB - On day 2 after delivery, dams of the DBA/1 mouse inbred strain (n = 20/group) with their litter were allocated to one of the following groups: NH21, nonhandling, housed 1 litter/cage, weaned on postnatal day (PND) 21;H21, handling, housed 1 litter/cage, weaned on PND 21; NH30, nonhandling, group-housed (5 litters/cage), weaned on PND 30; H30, handling, group-housed (5 litters/cage), weaned on PND 30. Two male pups of each litter were color marked on PND 2. From PND 8-21 they were removed from their cage, gently held in the experimenter's hand for 5 min/day. The two marked males of each litter were housed together after weaning, and tested in the open-field on PNDs 51-53, and one of each of these siblings was tested for hot-plate latencies on PND 54. Being raised in group-housing and weaned on PND 30 resulted in offspring exhibiting shorter latencies to initiate behavior and higher percentages of centerfield entries in the open field, hot-plate latencies, however, remained unaffected. Preweaning handling increased hot-plate latencies and the number of grooming episodes in the open field, and it decreased defecation, percent centerfield entries and open-field activity in general. It is concluded that the two forms of early experience have different effects on neurobehavioral endpoints 8 weeks after birth. JF - Behavioural brain research AU - Clausing, P AU - Mothes, H K AU - Opitz, B AU - Kormann, S AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. pclausing@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 179 EP - 184 VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 0166-4328, 0166-4328 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Grooming KW - Defecation KW - Pain Measurement KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Mice, Inbred DBA KW - Brain Chemistry -- physiology KW - Handling (Psychology) KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Reaction Time -- physiology KW - Social Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78811449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioural+brain+research&rft.atitle=Differential+effects+of+communal+rearing+and+preweaning+handling+on+open-field+behavior+and+hot-plate+latencies+in+mice.&rft.au=Clausing%2C+P%3BMothes%2C+H+K%3BOpitz%2C+B%3BKormann%2C+S&rft.aulast=Clausing&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioural+brain+research&rft.issn=01664328&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-25 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies on the mutagenicity of mild gasification products of coal and their subfractions by the Salmonella/microsomal assay. AN - 78809109; 9012370 AB - Mild gasification of coal is a technology being developed in the United States in order to upgrade lower rank coals and facilitate their use in coal-burning electric generation plants. Thirteen coal-derived mild gasification products from different coal sources and processing conditions have been examined for their potential biohazards. The mutagenicity of these samples was tested with the Ames Salmonella/microsomal assay. Two solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and polyoxyethylene-sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), were used to dissolve samples in a manner to facilitate their interaction with the test organisms. The results showed that 9 of the 13 samples displayed mutagenic activity in test strains TA98 and/or TA100 with or without metabolic activation, whether dissolved in Tween 80 or DMSO. Five mutagenic and two nonmutagenic samples were class-fractionated into basic, acidic, nonpolar, and polar neutral subfractions to examine their class-related mutagenic activities. Results of the testing of subfractions of the five mutagenic and one nonmutagenic samples showed mutagenic activity in at least the nonpolar neutral fraction. The subfractions of the another nonmutagenic sample did not display any mutagenic activity. Chemical characterization of the subfractions revealed the existence of aromatic hydrocarbons in certain subfractions, which may be responsible for the mutagenic activity of the coal-derived mild gasification products. JF - Environmental research AU - Zhong, B Z AU - Stamm, S C AU - Robbins, S AU - Bryant, D AU - Lan, W AU - Xin, W F AU - Ma, J K AU - Whong, W Z AU - Ong, T M AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, ALOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 32 EP - 44 VL - 72 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Aroclors KW - 0 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - Carcinogens KW - Coal KW - Polysorbates KW - Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) KW - 11097-69-1 KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide KW - YOW8V9698H KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Chemical Fractionation KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Aroclors -- toxicity KW - Polysorbates -- chemistry KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Biotransformation KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide -- chemistry KW - Coal -- toxicity KW - Benzene Derivatives -- toxicity KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78809109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Studies+on+the+mutagenicity+of+mild+gasification+products+of+coal+and+their+subfractions+by+the+Salmonella%2Fmicrosomal+assay.&rft.au=Zhong%2C+B+Z%3BStamm%2C+S+C%3BRobbins%2C+S%3BBryant%2C+D%3BLan%2C+W%3BXin%2C+W+F%3BMa%2C+J+K%3BWhong%2C+W+Z%3BOng%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Zhong&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-20 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The complicated task of monitoring vaccine safety. AN - 78794466; 9018282 AB - Vaccination is an essential component of modern public health programs and is among our most cost-effective medical interventions. Yet despite vaccines' clear effectiveness in reducing risks of diseases that previously attacked large proportions of the population, caused many deaths, and left many people with permanent disabilities, current vaccination policies are not without controversy. Vaccines, like all other pharmaceutical products, are not entirely risk-free; while most known side effects are minor and self-limited, some vaccines have been associated with very rare but serious adverse effects. Because such rare effects are often not evident until vaccines come into widespread use, the Federal government maintains ongoing surveillance programs to monitor vaccine safety. The interpretation of data from such programs is complex and is associated with substantial uncertainty. A continual effort to monitor these data effectively and to develop more precise ways of assessing risks of vaccines is necessary to ensure public confidence in immunization programs. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Ellenberg, S S AU - Chen, R T AD - Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, FDA, USA. ellenberg@al.cber.fda.gov PY - 1997 SP - 10 EP - 20; discussion 21 VL - 112 IS - 1 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Public Health KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Vaccines -- standards KW - Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Drug Approval UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78794466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=The+complicated+task+of+monitoring+vaccine+safety.&rft.au=Ellenberg%2C+S+S%3BChen%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Ellenberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-28 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: JAMA. 1993 Jun 2;269(21):2765-8 [8492403] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995 May 31;754:309-20 [7625667] JAMA. 1995 Mar 8;273(10):818-9 [7861578] JAMA. 1995 Mar 8;273(10):795-8 [7861574] JAMA. 1995 Mar 8;273(10):783-9 [7861572] Vaccine. 1994 May;12(6):542-50 [8036829] Arch Dis Child. 1994 Apr;70(4):291-4 [8185361] Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994 May;148(5):479-85 [8180638] Pediatr Res. 1994 Feb;35(2):141-7 [8165046] Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994 Feb;148(2):141-6 [8118530] BMJ. 1993 Nov 6;307(6913):1171-6 [7504540] N Engl J Med. 1993 Aug 5;329(6):377-82 [8326970] Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1996 Sep;15(9):771-6 [8878219] Clin Perinatol. 1992 Dec;19(4):717-37 [1464187] BMJ. 1992 Feb 1;304(6822):282-3 [1739827] Epidemiol Rev. 1990;12:87-107 [2286228] Lancet. 1990 Jul 7;336(8706):30-2 [1973217] Int J Epidemiol. 1989 Dec;18(4):959-63 [2621033] Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996 May;150(5):457-60 [8620224] Am J Public Health. 1995 Dec;85(12):1706-9 [7503351] Public Health Rep. 1995 Sep-Oct;110(5):635-8 [7480621] Am J Dis Child. 1986 Jun;140(6):528-30 [3486586] Am J Public Health. 1986 Jun;76(6):703-8 [3706602] N Engl J Med. 1986 Jun 12;314(24):1589-92 [3713757] Pediatrics. 1987 Apr;79(4):598-611 [3493477] Vaccine. 1987 Sep;5(3):169-74 [2823494] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of MDMA on complex brain function in laboratory animals. AN - 78780625; 8994210 AB - This review surveys experiments that have examined the effects of acute and chronic MDMA exposure on schedule-controlled operant behaviors thought to engender responses that reflect the expression of complex brain functions. Such functions include time estimation, short-term memory, learning, motivation, and color and position discrimination. Recent experiments conducted in the Behavioral Toxicology Laboratory at the National Center for Toxicological Research concerning MDMA's acute and long-term effects on rhesus monkey performance in an operant test battery are compared to previous studies involving the effects of MDMA on operant behaviors. Results of these experiments suggest that when given acutely, MDMA disrupts complex brain functions associated with learning and time estimation more than those associated with short-term memory and visual discrimination, and that behavioral tasks requiring relatively high rates of responding are particularly sensitive to the disruptive effects of MDMA. Repeated exposure to doses of MDMA sufficient to produce long-lasting changes in brain neurotransmitter systems results in residual effects (e.g. tolerance, sensitivity) on behavioral task performance when subjects are subsequently challenged with acute MDMA, whereas baseline (non-challenged) performance of these tasks after such exposure generally remains unchanged. Although the experiments described herein were conducted on a relatively small number of non-human subjects, they raise the possibility that long-term effects on cognitive processes may also occur in humans exposed to repeated or acute high doses of MDMA. JF - Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews AU - Frederick, D L AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 67 EP - 78 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0149-7634, 0149-7634 KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78780625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+and+biobehavioral+reviews&rft.atitle=Effects+of+MDMA+on+complex+brain+function+in+laboratory+animals.&rft.au=Frederick%2C+D+L%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience+and+biobehavioral+reviews&rft.issn=01497634&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Child Support Report, 1997. AN - 62512811; ED419589 AB - This document consists of the twelve issues of "Child Support Report" newsletter published during 1997. Monthly issues typically explore problems related to child support enforcement, report on federal and state government child support enforcement initiatives, and summarize research related to child support. Editorials and information on events and conferences of interest and funding opportunities are featured regularly. Major topics during 1997 included: (1) child support payments and child outcomes, noncustodial parents' reasons for failure to pay child support, unintended pregnancies (January); (2) using the Internet to apply for child support, national strategies to prevent teen pregnancy, welfare reform, program collaboration (February); (3) child support/Head Start collaboration, responsible fathering, welfare reform, reciprocity with foreign nations (March); (4) Big 8 Initiative, health insurance, training needs assessments results, Illinois child support, Child Support Recovery Act (April); (5) incarcerated mothers, welfare reform, male/female relationships, military personnel (May); (6) public/private agency collaboration, predictors of child support payments, welfare reform (June); (7) payment processing systems, health care access, military children, federal statistics web site, (July); (8) noncustodial parents, outreach to employers, Uniform Interstate Family Support Act, hotlines for new and expectant mothers (August); (9) community oriented law enforcement, federal/state partnerships, verifying military income (September); (10) new hire and welfare reform deadlines, Ireland and Canada child support laws (October); (11) job training initiatives, child support innovations, Census Bureau report (November); and (12) locating noncustodial parents, welfare reform, child support/domestic violence partnerships, low-income fathers, health insurance (December). (KB) AU - Sharman, Phil Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 97 PB - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Mail Stop OCSE/DCS, 370 L'Enfant Promenade, Washington, DC 20047; VL - 19 IS - 1 KW - Access to Services KW - Child Support Enforcement KW - Incarcerated Parents KW - Interstate Child Support KW - Interstate Cooperation KW - Noncustodial Parents KW - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act 1996 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - State Programs KW - Births to Single Women KW - Welfare Reform KW - Child Health KW - Welfare Services KW - Needs Assessment KW - Children KW - Child Welfare KW - State Regulation KW - Prevention KW - Parent Responsibility KW - Child Support KW - Military Personnel KW - Family Problems KW - Parents KW - Predictor Variables UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62512811?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Reducing Tobacco Use among Youth: Community-Based Approaches. A Guideline. Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS) Series. AN - 62440597; ED424522 AB - General guidance is offered in the planning and implementation of community-based strategies for the prevention of tobacco use among youth. Ideas and data are organized by means of the Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS), which is a systematic process for evaluating prevention research and practice evidence, assessing the strength of that evidence, and then developing recommendations for practice. Chapter topics are: (1) "The Problem of Tobacco Use among Youth," covering historical context, epidemiology, consequences, and risk and protective factors for tobacco use among youth; (2) "Community-Based Prevention," including a review of community issues, a rationale for programs, a sociological framework for tobacco control, and a review of programs; (3) "Analysis and Recommendations," which discusses the evaluation of prevention approaches, presents six major approaches, makes recommendations, and reviews research evidence and practice cases; (4) "Tobacco Prevention Intervention: Implementation Action Plan," which provides a conceptual framework for implementation, also covers issues about applications, cost, measurement, and other considerations. Appendixes are: "PEPS Participants,""Research and Practice Search Protocols,""Methodology for Arriving at Recommendations,""Collateral Research,""Abbreviations and Glossary," and "Resource Guide." (EMK) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 181 PB - Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345; KW - Prevention Enhancement Protocols System KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community Problems KW - Smoking KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Community Programs KW - Program Implementation KW - Tobacco KW - Program Development KW - Youth Problems KW - Health Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62440597?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other volumes in the "Prevention Enhancement P N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Substance Abuse Treatment and Domestic Violence. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 25. AN - 62309258; ED443053 AB - The major goal of this TIP, on the best practice guidelines to improve the treatment of substance abuse, is to provide clinicians, educators, and paraprofessionals with the latest findings concerning domestic violence. The information is intended to educate providers about the needs and behaviors of batterers and survivors, and how to tailor treatment plans accordingly. The focus is on men who abuse their female partners and women who are battered by their male partners. It reports that up to one half of the men who commit acts of domestic violence also have substance abuse problems. Failure to address domestic violence issues among substance abusers can interfere with treatment effectiveness and contribute to relapse. Chapters include information on the survivors of domestic violence, screening and referral of survivors and batterers for additional services, legal issues, coordinated community linkages, and a summary of recommendations. It states that teaching decision-making skills to both the men and women involved in domestic violence is a key aspect of treatment. Appendixes include: "Bibliography,""Federal Confidentiality Regulations,""Instruments,""Sample Personalized Safety Plan for Domestic Violence Survivors,""Hotlines and Other Resources for Domestic Violence and Related Issues,""Resource Panel," and "Field Reviewers." (Contains approximately 200 resources.) (JDM) AU - Cook, Paddy AU - Gartner, Constance Grant AU - Markl, Lise AU - Henderson, Randi AU - Brooks, Margaret K. AU - Wesson, Donald AU - Dogoloff, Mary Lou AU - Vitzthum, Virginia AU - Hayes, Elizabeth Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 168 PB - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 8-1036, Rockville, MD 20857. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Substance Abuse KW - Males KW - Intervention KW - Mental Health KW - Battered Women KW - Counseling KW - Sex Role KW - Family Counseling KW - Counselor Training KW - Behavior Modification KW - Family Violence KW - Interpersonal Relationship KW - Decision Making Skills KW - Drug Rehabilitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62309258?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For other documents in the TIP Series, see CG 030 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Strengthening the Role of Fathers in Families: Report on a Federal Conference. AN - 62250338; ED455907 AB - As part of the Clinton Administration's initiative to bring fathers back to the center of American life, a conference was convened in May 1996 at which federal staff members, practitioners, and researchers shared successful practices, identified challenges, discussed current research, and recommended future actions. This report summarizes the themes, issues, and next steps that emerged from participants' discussions. The report is presented in six parts. Part 1 describes the federal fatherhood initiative of the Clinton Administration. Part 2 details the organization of the federal conference. Part 3 identifies key themes and issues emerging at the conference, highlighting the efforts of agencies and practitioners to strengthen the role of fathers by moving policy and practice in new directions to meet fathers' needs, building capacity for new strategies, and removing obstacles to fathers' successful involvement with their children. Part 4 provides an extensive summary of the federal agency resources and activities relevant to the conference topic. Part 5 presents a synopsis of each of the 14 workshop sessions: (1) working with practitioners; (2) supporting new parents; (3) improving federal research on fathers; (4) fathers and employment strategies; (5) fathers' roles in children's learning; (6) working with nonresidential fathers; (7) work and family programs; (8) preparing adolescent males for fatherhood; (9) why fathers matter to children; (10) reunion and reintegration support; (11) working with foundations; (12) telecommuting; (13) youth violence; and (14) fathers in early child care. Part 6 summarizes conference participants' suggestions for future actions. Six appendices include the conference agenda and the President's Memorandum asking federal agencies to find ways to strengthen fathers' roles in families. (KB) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 61 PB - National Center on Fathers and Families, University of Pennsylvania, Graduate School of Education, 3440 Market Street, Suite 450, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3325. KW - Barriers to Participation KW - Family Support KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Workshops KW - Program Descriptions KW - Family Work Relationship KW - Government Role KW - Parent Role KW - Employed Parents KW - Public Policy KW - Fathers KW - Children KW - Violence KW - Parent Responsibility KW - Research Needs KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Federal Programs KW - Caseworker Approach KW - Family (Sociological Unit) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62250338?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Report based on Federal Conference on Strengthenin N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a Local Designated Driver and Responsible Server Program to Prevent Drinking and Driving AN - 61521521; 199803100 AB - The implementation & impact of a Techniques for Effective Alcohol Management program in Houston, TX, were examined through pre- & posttraining questionnaire survey of 55 alcohol servers, observation & interview of servers & patrons at five participating establishments (eg, bars), & analysis of the use of taxicab vouchers by inebriated customers. Results revealed that server training had a significant impact on increasing awareness of their potential to prevent drunk driving. Each of the establishments displayed signs explaining the establishment's policy of not serving minors & intoxicated individuals, but none displayed Techniques for Effective Alcohol Management signs. The average % of servers wearing designated driver program buttons each day of observation increased from 15.6% to 26.6% after training. Fewer than 7% of patrons participated in the designated driver program, which provided an average of .7 safe ride home vouchers per establishment per month. In a sixth establishment, servers' frequent announcement of the designated driver program to patrons did not increase use of designated drivers. 4 Tables, 15 Appendixes. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Drug Education AU - Simons-Morton, Bruce G AU - Cummings, Sharon Snider AD - Public Health Service National Instits Health, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda MD 20892 Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 SP - 321 EP - 333 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2379, 0047-2379 KW - Houston, Texas KW - Prevention KW - Eating and Drinking Establishments KW - Drunk Driving KW - Program Implementation KW - Drinking Behavior KW - Intervention KW - article KW - 7220: social planning/policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61521521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Drug+Education&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+Local+Designated+Driver+and+Responsible+Server+Program+to+Prevent+Drinking+and+Driving&rft.au=Simons-Morton%2C+Bruce+G%3BCummings%2C+Sharon+Snider&rft.aulast=Simons-Morton&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Drug+Education&rft.issn=00472379&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eating and Drinking Establishments; Program Implementation; Drinking Behavior; Drunk Driving; Intervention; Prevention; Houston, Texas ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Alcohol and other drug treatment outcomes for parents and welfare recipients: outcomes, benefits and costs AN - 59775980; 1998-0501930 AB - Analyzes data supporting the economic and social benefits of government supported substance abuse treatment programs for all parents of children under 18 and for public welfare recipients; California. US Department of Health and Human Services funded research. Based on a survey of more than 1800 individuals receiving drug and alcohol treatment services, 1991-92. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, January 1997. AU - Gerstein, Dean R AU - and others Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Drug abuse -- Research KW - Social service -- United States -- California KW - Substance abuse KW - California -- Social policy KW - Alcoholism -- Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59775980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Gerstein%2C+Dean+R%3Band+others&rft.aulast=Gerstein&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Alcohol+and+other+drug+treatment+outcomes+for+parents+and+welfare+recipients%3A+outcomes%2C+benefits+and+costs&rft.title=Alcohol+and+other+drug+treatment+outcomes+for+parents+and+welfare+recipients%3A+outcomes%2C+benefits+and+costs&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/hsp/caldrug/Treatefs.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Trends in the well-being of America's children & youth, 1997 AN - 59773386; 1998-0502420 AB - Contents: Population, family, and neighborhood; Economic security; Health conditions and health care; Social development, behavioral health, and teen fertility; Education and achievement. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1997. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Youth -- United States -- Statistics KW - Child welfare -- United States KW - United States -- Demographics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59773386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Trends+in+the+well-being+of+America%27s+children+%26+youth%2C+1997&rft.title=Trends+in+the+well-being+of+America%27s+children+%26+youth%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/hsp/97trends/intro-web.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Testimony of Donna E. Shalala, Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; before the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources, Thursday, September 11, 1997 AN - 59772649; 1998-0501750 AB - Describes how proposed privacy standards were developed for individually identifiable health information under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. Secretary Shalala's privacy recommendations are separately indexed in PAIS International. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1997. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - United States -- Health policy -- Legislation KW - Privacy -- United States -- Legislation KW - Medical records -- Standardization KW - Medical records -- United States -- Legislation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Testimony+of+Donna+E.+Shalala%2C+Secretary%2C+U.S.+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services%3B+before+the+Senate+Committee+on+Labor+and+Human+Resources%2C+Thursday%2C+September+11%2C+1997&rft.title=Testimony+of+Donna+E.+Shalala%2C+Secretary%2C+U.S.+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services%3B+before+the+Senate+Committee+on+Labor+and+Human+Resources%2C+Thursday%2C+September+11%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/admnsimp/pvctest.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Indicators of welfare dependence: annual report to Congress, October 1997 AN - 59772578; 1998-0501520 AB - Statistics for tracking and predicting dependence on means-tested cash and nutritional assistance programs: Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), Food Stamps, and Supplemental Security Income (SSI); US. Defines welfare dependence; describes predictors and risk factors; organizes risk factors into categories affecting economic security, employment, and teen behavior; and develops data reporting and collection standards under new welfare laws; with additional data on poverty issues, and on nonmarital childbearing. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1997. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Youth -- Social aspects KW - Poverty -- United States -- Statistics KW - Public welfare -- United States -- Statistics KW - Single parents -- United States KW - Social and economic security -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Social policy KW - United States -- Social conditions -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Indicators+of+welfare+dependence%3A+annual+report+to+Congress%2C+October+1997&rft.title=Indicators+of+welfare+dependence%3A+annual+report+to+Congress%2C+October+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/hsp/indicator/xsum.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Strategic plan: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, September 30, 1997 AN - 59771410; 1998-0501630 AB - Strategies, goals and objectives of the federal agency charged with medicine, public health, and social services. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1997. Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - United States -- Health and human services department UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59771410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Strategic+plan%3A+U.S.+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services%2C+September+30%2C+1997&rft.title=Strategic+plan%3A+U.S.+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services%2C+September+30%2C+1997&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/hhsplan/index.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - bibl(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The registered nurse population, March 1996: findings from the National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses AN - 59767228; 1998-0108150 AB - Number of registered nurses, educational background, specialty areas, employment status, including employment setting, position level, and salaries, geographic distribution, gender, racial/ethnic background, age, and family status; 1980-96; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, 1997. vi+115 pp. AU - Moses, Evelyn B Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 EP - vi+115 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Nursing -- United States -- Statistics KW - Nursing education -- United States -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59767228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Moses%2C+Evelyn+B&rft.aulast=Moses&rft.aufirst=Evelyn&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vi%2B115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+registered+nurse+population%2C+March+1996%3A+findings+from+the+National+Sample+Survey+of+Registered+Nurses&rft.title=The+registered+nurse+population%2C+March+1996%3A+findings+from+the+National+Sample+Survey+of+Registered+Nurses&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing acute and chronic urinary incontinence AN - 57775011; 101321 AB - This Quick Reference Guide for Clinicians contains highlights from the Clinical Practice Guideline Update on Urinary Incontinence in Adults: Acute and Chronic Management, which was developed by a multidisciplinary panel of healthcare providers and a consumer representative. Findings and recommendations are presented; use of behavioural, pharmacologic, and surgical treatment as well as supportive devices; long-term management of chronic intractable UI; and education of healthcare providers and the public. An algorithm is included to show the sequence of events related to the overall management of UI. (Original abstract-amended) JF - Journal of Geriatric Drug Therapy AU - US Department of Health and Human Services AU - Public Health Service AU - Agency for Health Care Policy and Research AD - US Department of Health and Human Services ; Public Health Service ; Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 SP - 1 EP - 34 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 8756-4629, 8756-4629 KW - USA KW - Guidelines KW - Urinary incontinence KW - Clinical management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57775011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geriatric+Drug+Therapy&rft.atitle=Managing+acute+and+chronic+urinary+incontinence&rft.au=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services%3BPublic+Health+Service%3BAgency+for+Health+Care+Policy+and+Research&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geriatric+Drug+Therapy&rft.issn=87564629&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2001-08-07 N1 - Document feature - il. tables. refs N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - JGDTEF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urinary incontinence; Clinical management; Guidelines; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishing, implementing, and continuing an effective continence program in a long-term care facility AN - 57751234; 101324 AB - A programme of diagnosis and treatment for incontinence can improve the condition or cure many residents who have UI. The key to success is the active participation of certified nursing assistants. Outlines the essential elements of a continence programme (education, motivation and follow up), and the commitment this calls for. JF - Journal of Geriatric Drug Therapy AU - US Department of Health and Human Services AU - Public Health Service AU - Agency for Health Care Policy and Research AD - US Department of Health and Human Services ; Public Health Service ; Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 SP - 55 EP - 60 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 8756-4629, 8756-4629 KW - USA KW - Management KW - Directors KW - Long term care KW - Nursing KW - Patients KW - Urinary incontinence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57751234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geriatric+Drug+Therapy&rft.atitle=Establishing%2C+implementing%2C+and+continuing+an+effective+continence+program+in+a+long-term+care+facility&rft.au=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services%3BPublic+Health+Service%3BAgency+for+Health+Care+Policy+and+Research&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geriatric+Drug+Therapy&rft.issn=87564629&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2001-08-07 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - JGDTEF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urinary incontinence; Patients; Long term care; Management; Directors; Nursing; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding incontinence AN - 57750087; 101323 AB - Describes causes of urinary incontinence (UI) and types of incontinence. It is necessary to establish the cause so that treatment (surgical, medical, behavioural) can be given. Reviews the risks and benefits of treatment, and gives addresses of organizations to provide support. JF - Journal of Geriatric Drug Therapy AU - US Department of Health and Human Services AU - Public Health Service AU - Agency for Health Care Policy and Research AD - US Department of Health and Human Services ; Public Health Service ; Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 SP - 45 EP - 53 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 8756-4629, 8756-4629 KW - USA KW - Management KW - Guidelines KW - UK KW - Urinary incontinence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57750087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geriatric+Drug+Therapy&rft.atitle=Understanding+incontinence&rft.au=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services%3BPublic+Health+Service%3BAgency+for+Health+Care+Policy+and+Research&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geriatric+Drug+Therapy&rft.issn=87564629&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2001-08-07 N1 - Document feature - il. tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - JGDTEF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urinary incontinence; Management; Guidelines; USA; UK ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Helping people with incontinence AN - 57749253; 101322 AB - This is a widespread problem for residents in nursing homes. Notes how to find out more about urinary incontinence (UI) and describes the 3 treatments: behavioural, medical and surgical. Notes other ways to help residents with UI. JF - Journal of Geriatric Drug Therapy AU - US Department of Health and Human Services AU - Public Health Service AU - Agency for Health Care Policy and Research AD - US Department of Health and Human Services ; Public Health Service ; Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Y1 - 1997///0, PY - 1997 DA - 0, 1997 SP - 35 EP - 44 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 8756-4629, 8756-4629 KW - Elderly people KW - USA KW - Management KW - Guidelines KW - Urinary incontinence KW - Nursing homes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57749253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geriatric+Drug+Therapy&rft.atitle=Helping+people+with+incontinence&rft.au=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services%3BPublic+Health+Service%3BAgency+for+Health+Care+Policy+and+Research&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geriatric+Drug+Therapy&rft.issn=87564629&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2001-08-07 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - JGDTEF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urinary incontinence; Elderly people; Nursing homes; Management; Guidelines; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metal release and recolonization characteristics of tailings in a marine environment; a laboratory study and site demonstration AN - 52556528; 1998-068822 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Lambeth, R H AU - Drake, P L AU - Kline, E AU - Paulson, A J Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 50 EP - 51 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - concentration KW - Southeastern Alaska KW - Kensington Mine KW - Juneau Alaska KW - chemical reactions KW - metals KW - marine environment KW - industrial waste KW - chemical properties KW - Alaska KW - waste disposal KW - USGS KW - tailings KW - geochemistry KW - pore water KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52556528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Metal+release+and+recolonization+characteristics+of+tailings+in+a+marine+environment%3B+a+laboratory+study+and+site+demonstration&rft.au=Lambeth%2C+R+H%3BDrake%2C+P+L%3BKline%2C+E%3BPaulson%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Lambeth&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 4th International symposium on Environmental geochemistry N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; chemical properties; chemical reactions; concentration; geochemistry; heavy metals; industrial waste; Juneau Alaska; Kensington Mine; marine environment; metals; pore water; Southeastern Alaska; tailings; United States; USGS; waste disposal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of mine fire diagnostics AN - 52553177; 1998-068737 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Dalverny, L E AU - Chaiken, R F AU - Kim, A G Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 18 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - mines KW - pollutants KW - gas chromatograms KW - coal mines KW - pollution KW - mapping KW - temperature KW - gases KW - fires KW - organic compounds KW - sedimentary rocks KW - transport KW - coal KW - hydrocarbons KW - air KW - USGS KW - geochemistry KW - abandoned mines KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52553177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Application+of+mine+fire+diagnostics&rft.au=Dalverny%2C+L+E%3BChaiken%2C+R+F%3BKim%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Dalverny&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 4th International symposium on Environmental geochemistry N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Availability - U. S. Geol. Surv., Denver, CO, United States N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-14 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - abandoned mines; air; coal; coal mines; fires; gas chromatograms; gases; geochemistry; hydrocarbons; mapping; mines; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; sedimentary rocks; temperature; transport; USGS ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Detection and quantitation of marine neurotoxins AN - 20372310; 7727206 AB - Within the last few years there has been considerable progress in the development of both chemical and biological methods for detecting marine toxins. Although chemical methods have the highest potential for producing rapid response times, biological methods such as cell assays are more directly related to health risk. Many marine toxins are neurotoxins. Of these, a significant number exert their effects through perturbation of voltage-gated sodium channels. This shared toxic modality has led to the development of highly sensitive and specific cell-based bioassays, with application toward the detection of several marine toxin groups. We have developed in vitro assays utilizing both mouse and human neuroblastoma cells in culture. These cell-based methods demonstrate high-sensitivity to voltage-gated sodium channel specific toxins, and correlate with results obtained by mouse bioassay. Tolerance for matrix impurities and diluents allows for considerable simplification of sample preparation. Regulatory application and assay ruggedness are currently being explored. JF - VIII International conference on Harmful algae - Abstracts and Posters Classification. AU - Wekell, Marleen M AU - Manger, Ronald L AU - Leja, Linda S AU - Lee, Sue Y AU - Hungerford, James M A2 - Reguera, B (Ed) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 EP - vp PB - Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Centro Oceanografico de Vigo, Vigo (Espana) KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Sodium KW - Marine KW - Bioassays KW - Biological poisons KW - Detection KW - Neurotoxins KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20372310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Wekell%2C+Marleen+M%3BManger%2C+Ronald+L%3BLeja%2C+Linda+S%3BLee%2C+Sue+Y%3BHungerford%2C+James+M&rft.aulast=Wekell&rft.aufirst=Marleen&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vp&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Detection+and+quantitation+of+marine+neurotoxins&rft.title=Detection+and+quantitation+of+marine+neurotoxins&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter; Summary only N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Detection of saxitoxins and brevetoxins in clinical specimens: results from two recent outbreaks of PSP and NSP AN - 20370406; 7726977 AB - Two recent marine biotoxin outbreaks have provided the opportunity to gather data on marine biotoxin concentrations in serum and urine specimens from victims, and to compare the performance of different detection methods. The results emphasize the importance and utility of capturing clinical specimens from patients as quickly as possible and over the hours and days following. Samples of the seafood consumed are also vital. Of the assays used for the saxitoxins, receptor binding proved to be the most useful. JF - VIII International conference on Harmful algae - Abstracts and Posters Classification. AU - Hall, S AU - Poli, M AU - Van Dolah, F AU - Moczydlowski, E AU - Gessner, B A2 - Reguera, B (Ed) Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 EP - vp PB - Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Centro Oceanografico de Vigo, Vigo (Espana) KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Marine KW - Biological poisons KW - Serum KW - Urine KW - Detection KW - Data collections KW - Seafood KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20370406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Hall%2C+S%3BPoli%2C+M%3BVan+Dolah%2C+F%3BMoczydlowski%2C+E%3BGessner%2C+B&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vp&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Detection+of+saxitoxins+and+brevetoxins+in+clinical+specimens%3A+results+from+two+recent+outbreaks+of+PSP+and+NSP&rft.title=Detection+of+saxitoxins+and+brevetoxins+in+clinical+specimens%3A+results+from+two+recent+outbreaks+of+PSP+and+NSP&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-12-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter; Summary only N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Bioremediation of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons in estuarine and marine environments AN - 19251124; 5818372 AB - There has been considerable worldwide discussion of the biotechnological, economic, administrative, legal and regulatory constraints of various remediation options in the treatment of hazardous wastes. Bioremediation, using microorganisms to detoxify genotoxic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) offers many advantages including low cost and low technology methods compared to the more expensive traditional technologies of incineration and landfill disposal. The versatility of bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria in the degradation of PAHs is well-known. However, these compounds still persist in the environment for a variety of reasons which include low bioavailability, slow uptake of substrate, lack of inducing power to degradation enzymes and the chemical stability and reactivity of the PAHs structure. Therefore, research in these areas should be emphasized for bioremediation to be successful. Regulatory authorities still do not have enough information on ecotoxicology and human health effects to judge the risk of exposure to PAHs. More research should be conducted by scientists to set up bioremediation standards based on risk assessments, especially, since the possible interaction between individual PAHs in mixtures on the carcinogenic potency of complex mixtures is unknown. These issues will be presented as related to the fate of PAHs in estuarine and marine environments. JF - 4th International Marine Biotechnology conference - Abstracts. AU - Cerniglia, CE Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 1 EP - 333 PB - Arti Grafiche Solimene Srl, Naples (Italy) KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Estuarine organisms KW - Marine KW - Bacteria KW - Bioremediation KW - Degradation KW - Fungi KW - Enzymes KW - Toxicity KW - Pollutants KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Hazardous materials KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Enzymatic activity KW - Organic compounds KW - Toxicology KW - Aromatics KW - Legislation KW - Biotechnology KW - Hazard assessment KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q1 08588:Effects of Aquaculture on the Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19251124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Cerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Cerniglia&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Bioremediation+of+polycylic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+in+estuarine+and+marine+environments&rft.title=Bioremediation+of+polycylic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+in+estuarine+and+marine+environments&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter; Summary only N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies on the Mutagenicity of Mild Gasification Products of Coal and Their Subfractions by the Salmonella/Microsomal Assay AN - 1859121703; 9028920 AB - Mild gasification of coal is a technology being developed in the United States in order to upgrade lower rank coals and facilitate their use in coal-burning electric generation plants. Thirteen coal-derived mild gasification products from different coal sources and processing conditions have been examined for their potential biohazards. The mutagenicity of these samples was tested with the Ames Salmonella/microsomal assay. Two solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and polyoxyethylene-sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), were used to dissolve samples in a manner to facilitate their interaction with the test organisms. The results showed that 9 of the 13 samples displayed mutagenic activity in test strains TA98 and/or TA100 with or without metabolic activation, whether dissolved in Tween 80 or DMSO. Five mutagenic and two nonmutagenic samples were class-fractionated into basic, acidic, nonpolar, and polar neutral subfractions to examine their class-related mutagenic activities. Results of the testing of subfractions of the five mutagenic and one nonmutagenic samples showed mutagenic activity in at least the nonpolar neutral fraction. The subfractions of the another nonmutagenic sample did not display any mutagenic activity. Chemical characterization of the subfractions revealed the existence of aromatic hydrocarbons in certain subfractions, which may be responsible for the mutagenic activity of the coal-derived mild gasification products. JF - Environmental research AU - Zhong AU - Stamm AU - Robbins AU - Bryant AU - Lan AU - Xin AU - Ma AU - Whong AU - Ong AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, ALOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505-2888 Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - January 1997 SP - 32 EP - 44 VL - 71 IS - 2 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859121703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Studies+on+the+Mutagenicity+of+Mild+Gasification+Products+of+Coal+and+Their+Subfractions+by+the+Salmonella%2FMicrosomal+Assay&rft.au=Zhong%3BStamm%3BRobbins%3BBryant%3BLan%3BXin%3BMa%3BWhong%3BOng&rft.aulast=Zhong&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=1096-0953&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 1997-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - National Shellfish Sanitation Program. Guide for the Control of Molluscan Shellfish. Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference. 1997 Revision AN - 17170097; 4464766 AB - This Ordinance establishes the minimum requirements necessary to regulate the interstate commerce of molluscan shellfish and to establish a program to protect the public health of consumers by assuring the sale or distribution of shellfish from safe sources and assuring shellfish have not been adulterated during cultivating, harvesting, processing, shipping, or handling. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 427 KW - Mollusca KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - Mollusc fisheries KW - Human diseases KW - Biological poisons KW - Human food KW - Mollusc culture KW - Fishery regulations KW - Disease transmission KW - Public health KW - USA KW - Marketing KW - Commerce KW - Aquaculture products KW - Fishery products KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08643:Marketing KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17170097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=National+Shellfish+Sanitation+Program.+Guide+for+the+Control+of+Molluscan+Shellfish.+Interstate+Shellfish+Sanitation+Conference.+1997+Revision&rft.title=National+Shellfish+Sanitation+Program.+Guide+for+the+Control+of+Molluscan+Shellfish.+Interstate+Shellfish+Sanitation+Conference.+1997+Revision&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Available from: NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Rd, Springfield, VA 22161, USA. 1-800-553-NTIS or 1- 703-605-6000 or orders[at]ntis.fedworld.gov. NTIS accession number: PB98137375. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drug use during pregnancy AN - 16548541; 4330290 AB - Prevention and intervention services for pregnant, drug-using women have often developed prior to gaining empirical data on the antecedents of prenatal drug use. These data are important to address some of the underlying factors of drug use during pregnancy. A review of the literature identified at least six categories of psychosocial risk factors that have been investigated as relevant to drug use among women, including pregnant women. These factors include: (1) history of childhood sexual abuse, (2) family history of alcohol or drug problems, (3) male partner's alcohol or drug use, (4) current depression, (5) social support, and (6) homelessness or transiency. An examination of these psychosocial risk factors indicates that the existing literature on these factors in drug use is limited by a lack of methodological rigor, resulting in large variations in prevalence rates due to factors such as definition. This paper summarizes the existing literature and methodological issues regarding the relation between psychosocial risk factors and drug use among women, including pregnant women. It also discusses some of the limitations and issues in assessing prenatal drug use with a particular focus on self-report and urine toxicologies. JF - Journal of Drug Issues AU - Hutchins, E AD - Department of Health and Human Services, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 18A-38, Parklawn Building, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 463 EP - 485 VL - 27 IS - 3 KW - drug abuse KW - homelessness KW - man KW - prenatal experience KW - risk factors KW - toxicology KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Alcohol KW - Sociology KW - Prenatal experience KW - Psychology KW - Pregnancy KW - Reviews KW - Drug addiction KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16548541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Drug+Issues&rft.atitle=Drug+use+during+pregnancy&rft.au=Hutchins%2C+E&rft.aulast=Hutchins&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Drug+Issues&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Sociology; Pregnancy; Psychology; Reviews; Alcohol; Prenatal experience; Drug addiction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin B sub(1) in developing rats alters brain sphinganine levels and myelination AN - 16519839; 4345290 AB - Objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)) alters sphinganine (Sa) levels and myelin synthesis in the central nervous system of developing rats. FB sub(1) (subcutaneous, 0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg/day) from postnatal days (PND) 3 to PND 12 resulted in a significant reduction of body weight gain and decreased survival rates. Both Sa levels and Sa/sphingosine (So) ratios were significantly increased in the brain of rats given 0.8 mg FB sub(1)/kg/day. To confirm the effect of limited nutrition on changes in the Sa levels and myelinogenesis, rats given 0.8 mg FB sub(1)/kg/day or treated by limited nutrition (temporary removal from dam during postnatal period) were compared to those in saline controls. Sa levels and Sa/So ratios were increased significantly in the 0.8 FB sub(1)-treated, but were not altered in the limited nutrition group. Myelin deposition in the corpus callosum and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP) activities were decreased significantly in both nutritionally limited and FB sub(1)-exposed rats. These data indicate that sphingolipid metabolism in the central nervous system of developing rats is vulnerable to FB sub(1) exposure. The hypomyelination associated with FB sub(1)-treatment may be mediated by limited nutrition. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Kwon, O-S AU - Schmued, L C AU - Slikker, W Jr AD - Div. Neurotoxicology (HFT-132), Natl. Cent. for Toxicol. Res./FDA, 3900 NCTR Dr., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 571 EP - 580 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - development KW - fumonisin B1 KW - mycotoxins KW - myelination KW - neurotoxicity KW - rats KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16519839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+in+developing+rats+alters+brain+sphinganine+levels+and+myelination&rft.au=Kwon%2C+O-S%3BSchmued%2C+L+C%3BSlikker%2C+W+Jr&rft.aulast=Kwon&rft.aufirst=O-S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of urethane (ethyl carbamate) carcinogenicity by ethyl alcohol: A review AN - 16440664; 4340878 AB - Urethane (ethyl carbamate) is a carcinogen that has been detected as a contaminant in certain foods and alcoholic beverages. The carcinogenicity of urethane appears to be mediated through a metabolic pathway involving sequential cytochrome P-450-catalyzed oxidation to vinyl carbamate and vinyl carbamate epoxide, the latter of which reacts with DNA to yield etheno-type DNA adducts. The interactions of ethanol on urethane metabolism and carcinogenicity are varied and complex. Urethane is oxidized by cytochrome P-450 IIE1, an isoform induced by ethanol, which suggests that chronic ethanol consumption could increase the oxidation of urethane to its epoxide derivative. On the other hand, ethanol coadministration is known to inhibit the elimination and hydrolysis of urethane. Ethanol has decreased the tumorigenicity of urethane in two bioassays, but did not have an effect in a third. While the results to date suggest that ethanol will decrease the metabolic activation of urethane, with a resultant decrease in tumorigenicity, additional studies are clearly necessary to elucidate the mechanisms by which ethanol influences the carcinogenicity of urethane. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Benson, R W AU - Beland, F A AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, HFT-110, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA, ibeland@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 521 EP - 544 VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - urethan KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16440664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+urethane+%28ethyl+carbamate%29+carcinogenicity+by+ethyl+alcohol%3A+A+review&rft.au=Benson%2C+R+W%3BBeland%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Digital mammography and the Mammography Quality Standards Act AN - 16121697; 298013 AB - As solid state imaging technology rapidly advances and several types of digital imaging systems emerge, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reviews a number of premarket submissions and to regulate digital mammography under the 1992 Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA). The Office of Device Evaluation of the Agency made a document entitled Information for Manufacturers Seeking Marketing Clearance of Digital Mammography Systems available of manufacturers to provide guidance in the preparation of a regulatory submission. To obtain an FDA-approved certificate, facilities are required to meet quality standards in personnel, equipment, dose, quality assurance programs, and medical record keeping and reporting. JF - Journal of Digital Imaging AU - Chakrabarti, Kish AU - Showalter, Charles K AU - Fischer, Ruth A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 PB - W.B. SAUNDERS COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA, PA, (USA) VL - 10 SN - 0897-1889, 0897-1889 KW - Computer aided diagnosis KW - Digital mammography KW - Image quality KW - Imaging systems KW - Mammography quality standards act (MQSA) KW - Phosphors KW - Quality assurance KW - Radiation detectors KW - X ray radiography KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Standards KW - W4 902.2:CODES AND STANDARDS KW - W4 741:LIGHT, OPTICS AND OPTICAL DEVICES KW - W4 913.3:QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W4 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16121697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Digital+Imaging&rft.atitle=Digital+mammography+and+the+Mammography+Quality+Standards+Act&rft.au=Chakrabarti%2C+Kish%3BShowalter%2C+Charles+K%3BFischer%2C+Ruth+A&rft.aulast=Chakrabarti&rft.aufirst=Kish&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+3+Sul+1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Digital+Imaging&rft.issn=08971889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Standards ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Proceedings of the National Occupational Injury Research Symposium AN - 16121099; 4222232 JF - NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH. 1997. Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 PB - NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH KW - falls KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Mortality KW - Conferences KW - Automotive industry KW - Occupational safety KW - ergonomics KW - Accidents KW - injuries KW - Economics KW - Human factors KW - Construction industry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16121099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Occupational+Injury+Research+Symposium&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Occupational+Injury+Research+Symposium&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide prioritization for a brain cancer case-control study AN - 16119834; 4222742 AB - The incidence of brain cancer is rising in the United States while the causes remain largely unknown. Epidemiologic studies indicate that individuals working in agriculture have an increased risk of brain cancer. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health is conducting a case-control study of incident brain cancer cases in Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin to evaluate the risk associated with several environmental exposures, in particular agricultural pesticides. Hundreds of different pesticides are used in agriculture and it is not feasible to evaluate the association between brain cancer and exposure to each of these chemicals; therefore, a strategy was developed to identify which pesticides would be targeted in the study. First, lists of pesticides were created, documenting usage in each of the four states and the United States as a whole, by using data from reports prepared by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Departments of Agriculture and land grant colleges within the four states. Then the following factors were considered in prioritizing pesticides for evaluation in the study: total volume of use prior to 1985, ranking of use in the four states and the United States as a whole by pesticide category, and toxicological evidence of carcinogenic, teratogenic, or mutagenic effects. Pesticide usage prior to 1985 was determined to allow for a minimum 10-year latency for the incident brain cancer cases diagnosed in 1995 or later. The selected pesticides include 56 herbicides, 49 insecticides, 12 fungicides, and 17 fumigants, accounting for over 99% of the total pounds of herbicides and insecticides and over 98% of the total pounds of fungirides and fumigants applied pre-1985. Prompt lists of the pesticides are sent to study participants a few days before the study questionnaire is administered to allow them time to recall past use of pesticides; the lists include the common chemical names, trade names, the crops that the pesticides are most commonly used on, and the years that the pesticides have been marketed. The methods used to select this subset of 134 pesticides document historical pesticide usage and may be useful in prioritizing pesticides for other research studies. JF - Environmental Research AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Talaska, G AU - Zaebst, D AU - Davis-King, K AU - Calvert, G AD - NIOSH Mailstop R-14, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 133 EP - 144 VL - 74 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - man KW - environmental health KW - Risk Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - brain KW - insecticides KW - pesticides KW - fungicides KW - herbicides KW - USA KW - cancer KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - X 24132:Chronic exposure KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16119834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Pesticide+prioritization+for+a+brain+cancer+case-control+study&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+W+T%3BTalaska%2C+G%3BZaebst%2C+D%3BDavis-King%2C+K%3BCalvert%2C+G&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; pesticides; brain; cancer; herbicides; insecticides; fungicides; environmental health ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Evaluation of ultraviolet ellipsometry as a potential method for determination of corneal absorption coefficient AN - 16071514; 297159 AB - Ultraviolet ellipsometry was evaluated for the noninvasive determination of the absorption coefficient of cornea with the application of the argon fluoride (ArF) excimer laser. The subablative pulses of polarized 193 nm radiation from the ArF laser were incident on corneal or phantom surfaces. Photometric data were acquired for bovine corneas as well as protein-based phantoms, and their complex indices of refraction were calculated. Implications for these ellipsometric techniques as potential methods for predicting preoperative corneal etch rates are discussed. JF - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA). Vol. 11, pp. 152-153. 1997. AU - Ediger, M N AU - Durkin, A J Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 2 EP - 153 PB - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA) KW - Corneal absorption coefficient KW - Excimer lasers KW - Laser tissue interaction KW - Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms KW - Light absorption KW - Mathematical models KW - Noninvasive medical procedures KW - Refractive index KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Spurious signal noise KW - ULtraviolet ellipsometry KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 941.4:OPTICAL VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 921:APPLIED MATHEMATICS KW - W4 744.8:LASER BEAM INTERACTIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16071514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ediger%2C+M+N%3BDurkin%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Ediger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Evaluation+of+ultraviolet+ellipsometry+as+a+potential+method+for+determination+of+corneal+absorption+coefficient&rft.title=Evaluation+of+ultraviolet+ellipsometry+as+a+potential+method+for+determination+of+corneal+absorption+coefficient&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TG/MS capillary interface. Applications to determination of residual moisture in BCG vaccine and other freeze-dried biological products AN - 16070105; 296177 AB - A TA Instruments Thermal Analysis System (TG) has been interfaced to the Hewlett Packard 5972 quadrupole mass spectrometer. An OSS-2 variable outlet splitter was plumbed between the TG and the mass spectrometer. This interface allows continuous monitoring of the ion intensities of mass peaks m/e identical with 18 (water) and m/e identical with 44 (carbon dioxide) used to elucidate the TG transitions attributable to residual moisture in freeze-dried biological products. Moisture specifications must be met in order to insure product stability throughout the approved shelf life. TG/MS results are discussed for BCG Vaccine, BCG Live (Intravesical) and U.S. Standard Antihemophilic Factor. Karl Fischer and TG/MS moisture results are compared. JF - Journal of Thermal Analysis AU - May, J C AU - Del Grosso, AV AU - Wheeler, R M AU - Etz, N M AD - Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 929 EP - 936 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, CHICHESTER, (ENGL) VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0368-4466, 0368-4466 KW - Biological materials KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Drying KW - Freezing KW - Intravesical KW - Lyophilization KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Moisture KW - Residual moisture KW - Thermogravimetric analysis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 801.4:PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY KW - EE 801:CHEMISTRY KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - EE 801.4:PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY KW - EE 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 443.1:ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES KW - W4 801:CHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - EE 443.1:ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES KW - EE 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16070105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Thermal+Analysis&rft.atitle=TG%2FMS+capillary+interface.+Applications+to+determination+of+residual+moisture+in+BCG+vaccine+and+other+freeze-dried+biological+products&rft.au=May%2C+J+C%3BDel+Grosso%2C+AV%3BWheeler%2C+R+M%3BEtz%2C+N+M&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Thermal+Analysis&rft.issn=03684466&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freezing; Drying; Mass spectrometry; Carbon dioxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of fumonisin B sub(1) treatment on blood-brain barrier transfer in developing rats AN - 16018477; 4093356 AB - Fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)), a toxic metabolite of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme found in contaminated corn, is considered an etiologic agent of equine leukoencephalomalacia. Because FB sub(1) exposure is associated with alteration of sphingolipid metabolism, the purpose of this study was to elucidate whether blood sphinganine (Sa) levels affect brain Sa levels. Sa and sphingosine (So) levels in brain tissue and plasma were analyzed by HPLC. Area under the curve (AUC super(0 arrow right 24 h)) ratios of brain Sa to plasma Sa levels were about 40 after a single 0.8 or 8 mg/kg SC dose of FB sub(1). The AUC super(0 arrow right 12 h) of ratio of brain FB sub(1) to plasma FB sub(1) was 0.02. The fact that FB sub(1) alters brain Sa levels and Sa/So ratios indicates that sphingolipid metabolism in the central nervous system of developing rats is vulnerable to FB sub(1) exposure. These data support our hypothesis that alterations of the brain Sa levels are related to the direct action of FB sub(1) on the brain rather than transport of peripheral Sa to the brain. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Kwon, O-S AU - Sandberg, JA AU - Slikker, W Jr AD - Div. Neurotoxicology (HFT-132), Natl. Cent. for Toxicological Res./FDA, 3900 NCTR Dr., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 151 EP - 155 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - rats KW - development KW - sphingosine KW - fumonisin B sub(1) KW - fumonisin B1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - neurotoxicity KW - blood-brain barrier KW - mycotoxins KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16018477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+treatment+on+blood-brain+barrier+transfer+in+developing+rats&rft.au=Kwon%2C+O-S%3BSandberg%2C+JA%3BSlikker%2C+W+Jr&rft.aulast=Kwon&rft.aufirst=O-S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mycotoxins; blood-brain barrier; neurotoxicity; development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Separation and characterization of polyethylene wear debris from synovial fluid and tissue samples of revised knee replacements AN - 15924633; 265792 AB - A study was made of in vivo-generated polyethylene wear particles as separated from synovial fluid samples and from tissue samples surrounding total knee arthroplasty. A comparison of particle size and morphology between the two particle groups was made to assess any effects of selective tissue capture, and macrophage encapsulation and digestion. In addition, a Raman spectroscopy technique was evaluated that enables positive identification of individual wear particles. The particles of the same size range found in the synovial fluid and tissue samples exhibited a comparable morphology. Notably, submicron-sized debris was present in both the synovial fluid and tissue samples surrounding knees with osteolysis. The novel micro-Raman analysis of individual particles was successful in the categorizing of wear debris as polyethylene or nonpolyethylene. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials AU - Wolfarth, Debra L AU - Han, David W AU - Bushar, Grace AU - Parks, Nancy L AD - FDA Cent for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 57 EP - 61 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, NEW YORK, NY, (USA) VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Implants (surgical) KW - Knee replacements KW - Macrophage encapsulation KW - Particle size analysis KW - Particles (particulate matter) KW - Polyethylenes KW - Selective tissue capture KW - Tissue KW - Wear of materials KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Morphology KW - Body fluids KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 931.2:PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 462.4:PROSTHETICS KW - W4 815.1.1:ORGANIC POLYMERS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15924633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Separation+and+characterization+of+polyethylene+wear+debris+from+synovial+fluid+and+tissue+samples+of+revised+knee+replacements&rft.au=Wolfarth%2C+Debra+L%3BHan%2C+David+W%3BBushar%2C+Grace%3BParks%2C+Nancy+L&rft.aulast=Wolfarth&rft.aufirst=Debra&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Raman spectroscopy; Morphology; Body fluids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tuberculosis and the nutritionally disadvantaged: Conclusions AN - 15910513; 4040122 JF - Journal of Nutritional Immunology AU - Collins, F M AD - Mycobacteria Lab., FDA, Cent. for Biol. Evaluation and Res., Bldg., 29, Rm. 129, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 51 EP - 54 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1049-5150, 1049-5150 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - tuberculosis KW - reviews KW - nutrition KW - malnutrition KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02845:Ear, nose and respiratory tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15910513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nutritional+Immunology&rft.atitle=Tuberculosis+and+the+nutritionally+disadvantaged%3A+Conclusions&rft.au=Collins%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nutritional+Immunology&rft.issn=10495150&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Nutritional Abnormalities in Infectious Diseases: Effects on Tuberculosis and AIDS. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculosis; nutrition; malnutrition; reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519939473 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 3 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519939473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519939433 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519939433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519939427 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519939427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519939424 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 4 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519939424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519939419 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 3 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519939419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519939414 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 3 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519939414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519939384 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 1 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519939384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519939336 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519939336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519939300 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519939300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519938879 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519938868 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519938828 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuropsychological Responses in COA's AN - 1474334658 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Nixon, Sarah Jo AU - Tivis, Alicia Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 232 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Neuropsychological+Responses+in+COA%27s&rft.au=Nixon%2C+Sarah+Jo%3BTivis%2C+Alicia&rft.aulast=Nixon&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Critical Analysis of COA Research AN - 1474334348 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 258 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=A+Critical+Analysis+of+COA+Research&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concepts and Issues in COA Research AN - 1474322003 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Windle, Michael Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 185 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474322003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Concepts+and+Issues+in+COA+Research&rft.au=Windle%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Windle&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apoptosis and Necrosis: Two Types of Cell Death in Alcoholic Liver Disease AN - 1474321971 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Nanji, Amin A AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 325 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Apoptosis+and+Necrosis%3A+Two+Types+of+Cell+Death+in+Alcoholic+Liver+Disease&rft.au=Nanji%2C+Amin+A%3BHILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE&rft.aulast=Nanji&rft.aufirst=Amin&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Event-Related Potentials in COA's AN - 1474321962 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Porjesz, Bernice AU - Begleiter, Henri Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 236 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Event-Related+Potentials+in+COA%27s&rft.au=Porjesz%2C+Bernice%3BBegleiter%2C+Henri&rft.aulast=Porjesz&rft.aufirst=Bernice&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prospective Studies of Children of Alcoholic Parents AN - 1474321921 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Reich, Wendy Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 255 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Prospective+Studies+of+Children+of+Alcoholic+Parents&rft.au=Reich%2C+Wendy&rft.aulast=Reich&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol-Induced Cell Death in the Embryo AN - 1474321915 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Smith, Susan M Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 287 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol-Induced+Cell+Death+in+the+Embryo&rft.au=Smith%2C+Susan+M&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impairments of Brain and Behavior: The Neurological Effects of Alcohol AN - 1474321878 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Oscar-Berman, Marlene AU - SHAGRIN, BARBARA AU - Evert, Denise L AU - Epstein, Charles Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 65 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Impairments+of+Brain+and+Behavior%3A+The+Neurological+Effects+of+Alcohol&rft.au=Oscar-Berman%2C+Marlene%3BSHAGRIN%2C+BARBARA%3BEvert%2C+Denise+L%3BEpstein%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Oscar-Berman&rft.aufirst=Marlene&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exploring Alcohol's Effects on Liver Function AN - 1474321855 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Maher, Jacquelyn J Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 5 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Exploring+Alcohol%27s+Effects+on+Liver+Function&rft.au=Maher%2C+Jacquelyn+J&rft.aulast=Maher&rft.aufirst=Jacquelyn&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychological Characteristics of Children of Alcoholics AN - 1474321823 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Sher, Kenneth J Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 247 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Psychological+Characteristics+of+Children+of+Alcoholics&rft.au=Sher%2C+Kenneth+J&rft.aulast=Sher&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and the Cardiovascular System: Molecular Mechanisms for Beneficial and Harmful Action AN - 1474321786 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - ZAKHARI, SAM Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 21 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+the+Cardiovascular+System%3A+Molecular+Mechanisms+for+Beneficial+and+Harmful+Action&rft.au=ZAKHARI%2C+SAM&rft.aulast=ZAKHARI&rft.aufirst=SAM&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Methods of Treatment Efficacy Research: Bridging Clinical Research and Clinical Practice AN - 1474321683 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Carroll, Kathleen M Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 352 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=New+Methods+of+Treatment+Efficacy+Research%3A+Bridging+Clinical+Research+and+Clinical+Practice&rft.au=Carroll%2C+Kathleen+M&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exploring Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome AN - 1474321673 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Finn, Deborah A AU - Crabbe, John C Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 149 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Exploring+Alcohol+Withdrawal+Syndrome&rft.au=Finn%2C+Deborah+A%3BCrabbe%2C+John+C&rft.aulast=Finn&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serotonin's Role in Alcohol's Effects on the Brain AN - 1474321659 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Lovinger, David M Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 114 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Serotonin%27s+Role+in+Alcohol%27s+Effects+on+the+Brain&rft.au=Lovinger%2C+David+M&rft.aulast=Lovinger&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Genetic Technologies in Alcohol Research AN - 1474321612 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Homanics, Gregg E AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 298 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=New+Genetic+Technologies+in+Alcohol+Research&rft.au=Homanics%2C+Gregg+E%3BHILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE&rft.aulast=Homanics&rft.aufirst=Gregg&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidative Stress and Alcoholic Liver Disease AN - 1474321581 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - FERNÁNDEZ-CHECA, JOSE C AU - Kaplowitz, Neil AU - Colell, Anna AU - GARCÍA-RUIZ, CARMEN Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 321 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Oxidative+Stress+and+Alcoholic+Liver+Disease&rft.au=FERN%C3%81NDEZ-CHECA%2C+JOSE+C%3BKaplowitz%2C+Neil%3BColell%2C+Anna%3BGARC%C3%8DA-RUIZ%2C+CARMEN&rft.aulast=FERN%C3%81NDEZ-CHECA&rft.aufirst=JOSE&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Modeling Methods: Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis AN - 1474321578 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Wieczorek, William F AU - Hanson, Craig E Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 331 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=New+Modeling+Methods%3A+Geographic+Information+Systems+and+Spatial+Analysis&rft.au=Wieczorek%2C+William+F%3BHanson%2C+Craig+E&rft.aulast=Wieczorek&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol's Contribution to Compromised Immunity AN - 1474321531 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Szabo, Gyongyi Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 30 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%27s+Contribution+to+Compromised+Immunity&rft.au=Szabo%2C+Gyongyi&rft.aulast=Szabo&rft.aufirst=Gyongyi&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Children of Alcoholics Foundation AN - 1474321455 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Woodside, Migs Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 266 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Children+of+Alcoholics+Foundation&rft.au=Woodside%2C+Migs&rft.aulast=Woodside&rft.aufirst=Migs&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuroscience: Implications for Treatment AN - 1474321428 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Petrakis, Ismene AU - Krystal, John Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 157 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Neuroscience%3A+Implications+for+Treatment&rft.au=Petrakis%2C+Ismene%3BKrystal%2C+John&rft.aulast=Petrakis&rft.aufirst=Ismene&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiological Responses in Sons of Alcoholics AN - 1474321268 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Finn, Peter R AU - Justus, Alicia Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 227 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Physiological+Responses+in+Sons+of+Alcoholics&rft.au=Finn%2C+Peter+R%3BJustus%2C+Alicia&rft.aulast=Finn&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Association for Children of Alcoholics AN - 1474321264 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - WENGER, SIS Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 267 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=National+Association+for+Children+of+Alcoholics&rft.au=WENGER%2C+SIS&rft.aulast=WENGER&rft.aufirst=SIS&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brief Screening Instruments for Alcoholism AN - 1474317786 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - CHERPITEL, CHERYL J Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 348 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Brief+Screening+Instruments+for+Alcoholism&rft.au=CHERPITEL%2C+CHERYL+J&rft.aulast=CHERPITEL&rft.aufirst=CHERYL&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and Glutamate AN - 1474317771 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Gonzales, Rueben A AU - Jaworski, Jason N Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 120 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+Glutamate&rft.au=Gonzales%2C+Rueben+A%3BJaworski%2C+Jason+N&rft.aulast=Gonzales&rft.aufirst=Rueben&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Family Influences in Development and Risk AN - 1474317767 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Ellis, Deborah A AU - Zucker, Robert A AU - Fitzgerald, Hiram E Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 218 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Family+Influences+in+Development+and+Risk&rft.au=Ellis%2C+Deborah+A%3BZucker%2C+Robert+A%3BFitzgerald%2C+Hiram+E&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glossary AN - 1474317720 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 177 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Glossary&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Charting Recent Progress: Advances in Alcohol Research AN - 1474317704 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 277 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Charting+Recent+Progress%3A+Advances+in+Alcohol+Research&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure AN - 1474317660 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Larkby, Cynthia AU - Day, Nancy Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 192 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Effects+of+Prenatal+Alcohol+Exposure&rft.au=Larkby%2C+Cynthia%3BDay%2C+Nancy&rft.aulast=Larkby&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Opioid Peptides AN - 1474317602 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Froehlich, Janice C Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 132 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Opioid+Peptides&rft.au=Froehlich%2C+Janice+C&rft.aulast=Froehlich&rft.aufirst=Janice&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=132&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Hematological Complications of Alcoholism AN - 1474317581 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Ballard, Harold S Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 42 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Hematological+Complications+of+Alcoholism&rft.au=Ballard%2C+Harold+S&rft.aulast=Ballard&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parenting Influences on the Development of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence AN - 1474317519 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Jacob, Theodore AU - Johnson, Sheri Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 204 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Parenting+Influences+on+the+Development+of+Alcohol+Abuse+and+Dependence&rft.au=Jacob%2C+Theodore%3BJohnson%2C+Sheri&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Behavioral-Genetic Perspective on Children of Alcoholics AN - 1474317480 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - McGue, Matt Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 210 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=A+Behavioral-Genetic+Perspective+on+Children+of+Alcoholics&rft.au=McGue%2C+Matt&rft.aulast=McGue&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GABA and the GABAA Receptor AN - 1474317474 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Mihic, S John AU - HARRIS, R ADRON Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 127 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=GABA+and+the+GABAA+Receptor&rft.au=Mihic%2C+S+John%3BHARRIS%2C+R+ADRON&rft.aulast=Mihic&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol-Related Pancreatic Damage: Mechanisms and Treatment AN - 1474317434 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Apte, Minoti V AU - Wilson, Jeremy S AU - Korsten, Mark A Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 13 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol-Related+Pancreatic+Damage%3A+Mechanisms+and+Treatment&rft.au=Apte%2C+Minoti+V%3BWilson%2C+Jeremy+S%3BKorsten%2C+Mark+A&rft.aulast=Apte&rft.aufirst=Minoti&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Neurobiology of Addiction: An Overview AN - 1474317409 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Roberts, Amanda J AU - Koob, George F Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 101 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Neurobiology+of+Addiction%3A+An+Overview&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Amanda+J%3BKoob%2C+George+F&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and Neurotransmitter Interactions AN - 1474317401 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Valenzuela, C Fernando Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 144 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+Neurotransmitter+Interactions&rft.au=Valenzuela%2C+C+Fernando&rft.aulast=Valenzuela&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol's Role in Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders AN - 1474317399 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Bode, Christiane AU - Bode, J Christian Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 76 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%27s+Role+in+Gastrointestinal+Tract+Disorders&rft.au=Bode%2C+Christiane%3BBode%2C+J+Christian&rft.aulast=Bode&rft.aufirst=Christiane&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Endocrine System: Alcohol Alters Critical Hormonal Balance AN - 1474317383 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Emanuele, Nicholas AU - Emanuele, Mary Ann Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 53 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Endocrine+System%3A+Alcohol+Alters+Critical+Hormonal+Balance&rft.au=Emanuele%2C+Nicholas%3BEmanuele%2C+Mary+Ann&rft.aulast=Emanuele&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies To Increase Alcohol Screening in Health Care Settings AN - 1474317377 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Fleming, Michael F Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 340 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Strategies+To+Increase+Alcohol+Screening+in+Health+Care+Settings&rft.au=Fleming%2C+Michael+F&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breaking the Cycle of Addiction: Prevention and Intervention With Children of Alcoholics AN - 1474317221 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Price, Ann W AU - Emshoff, James G Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 241 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Breaking+the+Cycle+of+Addiction%3A+Prevention+and+Intervention+With+Children+of+Alcoholics&rft.au=Price%2C+Ann+W%3BEmshoff%2C+James+G&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is Behavioral Tolerance Learned? AN - 1474317216 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Vogel-Sprott, Muriel Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 161 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Is+Behavioral+Tolerance+Learned%3F&rft.au=Vogel-Sprott%2C+Muriel&rft.aulast=Vogel-Sprott&rft.aufirst=Muriel&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of the Neuromodulator Adenosine in Alcohol's Actions AN - 1474317020 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Dohrman, Douglas P AU - Diamond, Ivan AU - Gordon, Adrienne S Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 136 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+the+Neuromodulator+Adenosine+in+Alcohol%27s+Actions&rft.au=Dohrman%2C+Douglas+P%3BDiamond%2C+Ivan%3BGordon%2C+Adrienne+S&rft.aulast=Dohrman&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol's Impact on Kidney Function AN - 1474317004 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Epstein, Murray Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 84 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%27s+Impact+on+Kidney+Function&rft.au=Epstein%2C+Murray&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=84&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the Impact of Maternal Drinking During and After Pregnancy AN - 1474316962 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Jacobson, Sandra W Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 199 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+Impact+of+Maternal+Drinking+During+and+After+Pregnancy&rft.au=Jacobson%2C+Sandra+W&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Neurobiology of Alcoholism in Genetically Selected Rat Models AN - 1474316898 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Stewart, Robert B AU - Li, Ting-Kai Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 169 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Neurobiology+of+Alcoholism+in+Genetically+Selected+Rat+Models&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Robert+B%3BLi%2C+Ting-Kai&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and Dopamine AN - 1474316896 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - CHIARA, GAÈTANO DI Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 108 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+Dopamine&rft.au=CHIARA%2C+GA%C3%88TANO+DI&rft.aulast=CHIARA&rft.aufirst=GA%C3%88TANO&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytokines and Alcoholic Liver Disease AN - 1474316839 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - McClain, Craig J AU - Shedlofsky, Steven AU - Barve, Shirish AU - Hill, Daniell B Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 317 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Cytokines+and+Alcoholic+Liver+Disease&rft.au=McClain%2C+Craig+J%3BShedlofsky%2C+Steven%3BBarve%2C+Shirish%3BHill%2C+Daniell+B&rft.aulast=McClain&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Principles of Nerve Cell Communication AN - 1474316823 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 107 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Principles+of+Nerve+Cell+Communication&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scarring in Alcoholic Liver Disease: New Insights and Emerging Therapies AN - 1474316815 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Friedman, Scott L Y1 - 1997/01/01/ PY - 1997 DA - 1997 Jan 01 SP - 310 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Scarring+in+Alcoholic+Liver+Disease%3A+New+Insights+and+Emerging+Therapies&rft.au=Friedman%2C+Scott+L&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A statistical overview of retreat mining of coal pillars in the United States AN - 1464888519; 2013-089235 JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Mark, Christopher AU - McCall, Frank E AU - Pappas, Deno M AU - Tuchman, Robert J Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 2 EP - 16 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - United States KW - North America KW - mining KW - mines KW - geologic hazards KW - underground mining KW - roof control KW - statistical analysis KW - coal mines KW - Appalachians KW - safety KW - mining geology KW - classification KW - natural hazards KW - pillars KW - Midwest KW - 26A:Economic geology, general, deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1464888519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=A+statistical+overview+of+retreat+mining+of+coal+pillars+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Mark%2C+Christopher%3BMcCall%2C+Frank+E%3BPappas%2C+Deno+M%3BTuchman%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - New technology for ground control in retreat mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendixes N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-05 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachians; classification; coal mines; geologic hazards; Midwest; mines; mining; mining geology; natural hazards; North America; pillars; roof control; safety; statistical analysis; underground mining; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pillar design and coal strength AN - 1464888499; 2013-089238 JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Mark, Christopher AU - Barton, Timothy M AU - Tuchman, Robert J Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 49 EP - 59 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - mining KW - mines KW - failures KW - underground mining KW - strength KW - roof control KW - data processing KW - coal mines KW - mechanical properties KW - mathematical models KW - ARMPS KW - rock mechanics KW - computer programs KW - case studies KW - sedimentary rocks KW - mining geology KW - coal KW - data bases KW - compressive strength KW - design KW - pillars KW - 26A:Economic geology, general, deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1464888499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Pillar+design+and+coal+strength&rft.au=Mark%2C+Christopher%3BBarton%2C+Timothy+M%3BTuchman%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - New technology for ground control in retreat mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-05 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ARMPS; case studies; coal; coal mines; compressive strength; computer programs; data bases; data processing; design; failures; mathematical models; mechanical properties; mines; mining; mining geology; pillars; rock mechanics; roof control; sedimentary rocks; strength; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New technology for ground control in retreat mining AN - 1464887703; 2013-089234 JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Mark, Christopher AU - Tuchman, Robert J Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 126 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - mining KW - monitoring KW - geologic hazards KW - underground mining KW - roof control KW - stability KW - preventive measures KW - rock mechanics KW - controls KW - safety KW - symposia KW - mining geology KW - report KW - natural hazards KW - design KW - pillars KW - 26A:Economic geology, general, deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1464887703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=New+technology+for+ground+control+in+retreat+mining&rft.au=Mark%2C+Christopher%3BTuchman%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - New technology for ground control in retreat mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers within scope are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-05 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - controls; design; geologic hazards; mining; mining geology; monitoring; natural hazards; pillars; preventive measures; report; rock mechanics; roof control; safety; stability; symposia; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new laminated overburden model for coal mine design AN - 1464886516; 2013-089239 JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Heasley, Keith A AU - Mark, Christopher AU - Tuchman, Robert J Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 60 EP - 73 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - mining KW - mines KW - failures KW - underground mining KW - laminations KW - stress KW - LAMODEL KW - data processing KW - coal mines KW - mechanical properties KW - mathematical models KW - displacements KW - rock mechanics KW - computer programs KW - planar bedding structures KW - sedimentary rocks KW - longwall mining KW - mining geology KW - coal KW - sedimentary structures KW - faults KW - design KW - 26A:Economic geology, general, deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1464886516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=A+new+laminated+overburden+model+for+coal+mine+design&rft.au=Heasley%2C+Keith+A%3BMark%2C+Christopher%3BTuchman%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Heasley&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - New technology for ground control in retreat mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-05 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal; coal mines; computer programs; data processing; design; displacements; failures; faults; laminations; LAMODEL; longwall mining; mathematical models; mechanical properties; mines; mining; mining geology; planar bedding structures; rock mechanics; sedimentary rocks; sedimentary structures; stress; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of retreat mining pillar stability (ARMPS) AN - 1464884843; 2013-089236 JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Mark, Christopher AU - Chase, Frank E AU - Tuchman, Robert J Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 17 EP - 26 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - mining KW - failures KW - monitoring KW - underground mining KW - bearing capacity KW - strength KW - roof control KW - data processing KW - stability KW - mathematical models KW - ARMPS KW - rock mechanics KW - models KW - computer programs KW - mining geology KW - data bases KW - load pressure KW - pillars KW - 26A:Economic geology, general, deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1464884843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+retreat+mining+pillar+stability+%28ARMPS%29&rft.au=Mark%2C+Christopher%3BChase%2C+Frank+E%3BTuchman%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - New technology for ground control in retreat mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices A and B N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-05 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ARMPS; bearing capacity; computer programs; data bases; data processing; failures; load pressure; mathematical models; mining; mining geology; models; monitoring; pillars; rock mechanics; roof control; stability; strength; underground mining ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing massive pillar collapses in coal mines AN - 1464883295; 2013-089237 JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Mark, Christopher AU - Chase, Frank E AU - Zipf, R Karl, Jr AU - Tuchman, Robert J Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 35 EP - 48 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - United States KW - mining KW - geologic hazards KW - underground mining KW - roof control KW - rock mechanics KW - mining geology KW - Australia KW - South Africa KW - load pressure KW - West Virginia KW - Ohio KW - mines KW - failures KW - monitoring KW - Australasia KW - coal mines KW - New South Wales Australia KW - preventive measures KW - case studies KW - Southern Africa KW - natural hazards KW - Africa KW - Colorado KW - design KW - Coalbrook North Colliery KW - pillars KW - 26A:Economic geology, general, deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1464883295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Preventing+massive+pillar+collapses+in+coal+mines&rft.au=Mark%2C+Christopher%3BChase%2C+Frank+E%3BZipf%2C+R+Karl%2C+Jr%3BTuchman%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Circular+-+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - New technology for ground control in retreat mining N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-05 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; Australasia; Australia; case studies; coal mines; Coalbrook North Colliery; Colorado; design; failures; geologic hazards; load pressure; mines; mining; mining geology; monitoring; natural hazards; New South Wales Australia; Ohio; pillars; preventive measures; rock mechanics; roof control; South Africa; Southern Africa; underground mining; United States; West Virginia ER - TY - RPRT T1 - DISPOSAL OF CHEMICAL AGENTS AND MUNITIONS STORED AT UMATILLA DEPOT ACTIVITY, MORROW AND UMATILLA COUNTY, OREGON. AN - 36400733; 6214 AB - PURPOSE: The destruction by reverse assembly and incineration of the stockpile of lethal unitary chemical agents and munitions stored at the Umatilla Depot Activity (UMDA), located in the community of Hermiston in northeastern Oregon, is proposed. The 19,700-acre UMDA military facility is situated on the Morrow/Umatilla county line. The vast majority (94 percent by weight) of the Department of the Defense stockpile of unitary chemical agents and munitions is stored in the continental United States (CONUS) at eight Army installations. Approximately 11.6 percent of the stockpile is stored at the UMDA. The chemical agents and munitions inventory at the UMDA is stored in liquid form inside both explosive and nonexplosive items. These items include almost all of the types of munitions and bulk items found in the U.S. stockpile. The chemical agents are of the nerve type, designated as GB and VX, and of the blister type, designated as HD or mustard agent. There are no mustard-filled items at the UMDA other than nonexplosive ton containers, which are stored inside a single warehouse. All other munitions are stored inside concrete earth-covered structures called igloos. A final programmatic EIS for the destruction of the CONUS stockpile was issued in January 1988, and the resulting Record of Decision selected on-site disposal as the environmentally preferred alternative to be implemented at each of the eight existing storage installations. The disposal facility at the UMDA would include a munitions demilitarization building that would house the entire disposal process, a container-handling building for temporary storage of munitions prior to processing, and associated support facilities needed for operations and maintenance. Other process-related areas would include the pollution abatement system located adjacent to the demilitarization building, the process utilities building, a personnel and maintenance building, a process support building with an entry control facility, a laboratory, and an enclosed transfer corridor between the container-handling building and the munitions demilitarization building. The facility location would be enclosed by a double security fence and have an entry-control point to ensure that access would be restricted. The demilitarization process would involve the handling and transport of munitions from the existing chemical storage area to the munitions demilitarization building, the reverse assembly and incineration of munitions and agents, and the management of the waste materials that remain after incineration. Five incinerators would be used, including two liquid incinerators for chemical agent destruction, a furnace for incineration of the explosive components of the munitions, a furnace for decontamination of metal parts and munition bodies, and an incinerator for disposal of dunnage. This final EIS is a revision of the second-tier final EIS of June 1996 and includes additional information on meteorological conditions, human health and ecological risks, dioxins, and Native American concerns. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are under consideration; although the No Action Alternative is precluded by law, it was analyzes for comparison. POSITIVE IMPACTS: By providing a permanent means for disposing of unserviceable or obsolete chemical agents and the by-products of the destruction process, the project would enhance safeguards protecting the biosphere against releases of toxic agents. Risk analyses have indicated that continual storage would pose a greater risk to human health than the proposed on-site disposal. The 27-month construction period would provide employment for approximately 550 workers at the peak midpoint period. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Some 58 acres of land would be disturbed due to facilities and road construction. Underground pipelines for natural gas and water would cross the Immigrant Wagon Road, a culturally-significant route, and two small wetland areas near the Columbia River would be crossed by a water pipeline. Some solid wastes would be generated by incineration of chemical agents and associated materials. Accidents involving explosions, fires, and/or spills could have environmental consequences of major proportions, including human fatalities, the destruction of wildlife and wildlife habitat, the destruction of economic resources, and the contamination of water resources and water supplies. Such high-consequence accidents have an extremely low probability of occurrence. The influx of workers into the area could place some stress on the social infrastructure. LEGAL MANDATES: Armed Forces Appropriations Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-121), Armed Forces Appropriations Act of 1971 (P.L. 91-441), Clean Air Act of 1970, as amended (42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq.), Department of Defense Authorization Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-145), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, as amended (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.), and Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-469). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the second-tier final EIS to the programmatic final EIS, see 96-0229F, Volume 20, Number 4. For the abstracts of the draft and final programmatic EISs, see 91-0361D, Volume 15, Number 8, and 95-0535F, Volume 19, Number 6, respectively. JF - EPA number: 960594, 737 pages, December 20, 1996 PY - 1996 KW - Wastes KW - Buildings KW - Chemical Agents KW - Cultural Resources Surveys KW - Employment KW - Forests KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Historic Sites Surveys KW - Incineration KW - Munitions KW - Roads KW - Safety Analyses KW - Toxicity KW - Vegetation KW - Waste Management KW - Water Quality KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife Habitat KW - Oregon KW - Umatilla Depot Activity, Oregon KW - Armed Forces Appropriations Acts of 1970 and 1971, Compliance KW - Clean Air Act of 1970, Emission Standards KW - Department of Defense Authorization Act of 1986, Compliance KW - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, Compliance KW - Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36400733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-12-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=DISPOSAL+OF+CHEMICAL+AGENTS+AND+MUNITIONS+STORED+AT+UMATILLA+DEPOT+ACTIVITY%2C+MORROW+AND+UMATILLA+COUNTY%2C+OREGON.&rft.title=DISPOSAL+OF+CHEMICAL+AGENTS+AND+MUNITIONS+STORED+AT+UMATILLA+DEPOT+ACTIVITY%2C+MORROW+AND+UMATILLA+COUNTY%2C+OREGON.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Chemical Demilitarization Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: December 20, 1996 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preclinical development of a recombinant toxin containing circularly permuted interleukin 4 and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin for therapy of malignant astrocytoma. AN - 78627109; 8971168 AB - Effective treatment is lacking for malignant glioblastoma/astrocytoma. We have identified interleukin-4 receptors (IL-4R) on human malignant astrocytoma. We demonstrate that 16 of 21 surgical samples of high-grade astrocytoma and glioblastoma but not normal brain tissues expressed IL-4R as assessed by reverse transcriptase PCR. We further demonstrate that human malignant astrocytoma cell lines express high-affinity IL-4R. Using a chimeric protein composed of circularly permuted IL-4 and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A, we observed that this toxin IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL) is highly cytotoxic to IL-4R-bearing glioblastoma cells. Compared with a previously reported IL4-PE chimeric protein (IL-PE4E), IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL bound with higher affinity and was 3-30-fold more cytotoxic to glioblastoma cell lines. Upon intrathecal administration in monkeys, high cerebrospinal fluid IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL levels were achieved using 2- and 6-microg/kg doses without any central nervous system or other abnormalities. IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL levels were not detectable in the serum of any monkey studied. When IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL was injected into the right frontal cortex of rats, localized necrosis was observed at 1000-ng/ml doses but not at < or = 100-ng/ml doses. We conclude that by localized administration, nontoxic levels of IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL can be achieved, which may have significant cytotoxic activity against malignant astrocytoma. JF - Cancer research AU - Puri, R K AU - Hoon, D S AU - Leland, P AU - Snoy, P AU - Rand, R W AU - Pastan, I AU - Kreitman, R J AD - Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. puri@a1.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1996/12/15/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Dec 15 SP - 5631 EP - 5637 VL - 56 IS - 24 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Exotoxins KW - Immunotoxins KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Virulence Factors KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - ADP Ribose Transferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - toxA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Macaca fascicularis KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Injections, Spinal KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Brain Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Exotoxins -- adverse effects KW - Interleukin-4 -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Bacterial Toxins -- adverse effects KW - Interleukin-4 -- pharmacokinetics KW - Bacterial Toxins -- therapeutic use KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- therapeutic use KW - Immunotoxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- adverse effects KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Astrocytoma -- drug therapy KW - Immunotoxins -- adverse effects KW - Astrocytoma -- metabolism KW - Exotoxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Interleukin-4 -- adverse effects KW - Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Brain Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Bacterial Toxins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Immunotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Exotoxins -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78627109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Preclinical+development+of+a+recombinant+toxin+containing+circularly+permuted+interleukin+4+and+truncated+Pseudomonas+exotoxin+for+therapy+of+malignant+astrocytoma.&rft.au=Puri%2C+R+K%3BHoon%2C+D+S%3BLeland%2C+P%3BSnoy%2C+P%3BRand%2C+R+W%3BPastan%2C+I%3BKreitman%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-15&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=5631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Cancer Res. 2001 Jul 15;61(14):5660-2 [11454721] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Micronucleus formation in V79 cells treated with respirable silica dispersed in medium and in simulated pulmonary surfactant. AN - 78645006; 8980693 AB - Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells) were challenged with respirable silica particles using an in vitro genotoxicity assay. Two particle sizes of crystalline quartz and a non-crystalline silica were assayed for induction of micronuclei (MN) in V79 cells. Some of the silica dusts used were pretreated with simulated pulmonary surfactant to model in vivo exposure conditions. The results showed that both crystalline and non-crystalline silica dispersed in medium (MEM) induced MN formation in a dose-dependent manner. Crystalline silica was more active in this assay than non-crystalline silica on a mass basis. The results also show that the frequency of micronucleated cells in cultures treated with surfactant-coated silica was not significantly different from that of the non-treated control cultures. These results seem to indicate that silica can cause chromosomal aberrations and/or aneuploidies in V79 cells; however, pretreatment of silica particles with simulated pulmonary surfactant reduces or delays genotoxicity in this assay. JF - Mutation research AU - Liu, X AU - Keane, M J AU - Zhong, B Z AU - Ong, T M AU - Wallace, W E AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1996/12/12/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Dec 12 SP - 89 EP - 94 VL - 361 IS - 2-3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Pulmonary Surfactants KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Cell Line KW - Cricetinae KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78645006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Micronucleus+formation+in+V79+cells+treated+with+respirable+silica+dispersed+in+medium+and+in+simulated+pulmonary+surfactant.&rft.au=Liu%2C+X%3BKeane%2C+M+J%3BZhong%2C+B+Z%3BOng%2C+T+M%3BWallace%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=1996-12-12&rft.volume=361&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-22 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in maternal and fetal rabbits. AN - 78626579; 8968410 AB - The distribution of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was examined in maternal and fetal rabbits. Pregnant New Zealand rabbits (28-30 d gestational age) were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine and the femoral vein and artery were catheterized for compound administration and sampling. Dams received iv [14C]2,4-D (12.5 microCi/kg) with unlabeled sodium 2,4-D (1, 10, or 40 mg/kg) in saline. Blood and tissue were collected up to 2 h after dosing. Fetal to maternal plasma AUC ratios were 0.09, 0.07, and 0.16 after the 1, 10, or 40 mg/kg dose, respectively. Extraplasma AUCs were greatest in maternal kidney and uterus and lowest in maternal and fetal brain. A greater than fourfold elevation in fetal AUC was found when the dose was increased from 10 to 40 mg/kg, suggesting saturation of maternal plasma binding of 2,4-D. Although the in vitro fetal brain tissue to incubation media ratio was unity (1.03 +/- 0.1, mean +/- SD), fetal brain AUCs were 10% or less of the fetal plasma AUCs, indicating the brain barrier system to 2,4-D is functioning in the late-gestation fetal rabbit. However, its development may not be complete due to the higher brain tissue to plasma ratios in the fetus compared to the dam. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Sandberg, J A AU - Duhart, H M AU - Lipe, G AU - Binienda, Z AU - Slikker, W AU - Kim, C S AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/ FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. jsandberg@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1996/12/06/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Dec 06 SP - 497 EP - 509 VL - 49 IS - 5 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid KW - 2577AQ9262 KW - Index Medicus KW - Uterus -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Area Under Curve KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Brain Chemistry KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Rabbits KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Kidney -- chemistry KW - Pregnancy KW - Uterus -- metabolism KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Female KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- pharmacokinetics KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- blood KW - Fetus -- chemistry KW - Fetus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78626579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+2%2C4-dichlorophenoxyacetic+acid+%282%2C4-D%29+in+maternal+and+fetal+rabbits.&rft.au=Sandberg%2C+J+A%3BDuhart%2C+H+M%3BLipe%2C+G%3BBinienda%2C+Z%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BKim%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Sandberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-12-06&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to crystalline silica or treatment with chlorphentermine increases vitamin E levels in rat alveolar lavage materials. AN - 78623745; 8968411 AB - Previous studies have shown that vitamin E may be an integral part of lung surfactant and may function to protect this material from oxidant damage. Therefore, we measured the vitamin E levels in alveolar lavage materials from rats exposed to crystalline silica or treated with chlorphentermine (CP), two treatments that are known to increase surfactant phospholipids (PL) by different mechanisms. Silica exposure leads to increased PL synthesis, and CP treatment causes a reduction in PL degradation. Two different silica preparations, HCL-washed and unwashed silica, were used because exposure to each of them leads to different degrees of phospholipidosis. Exposure to HCL-washed silica results in a more than 17-fold increase in lavage PL and protein levels and a 12.2-fold increase in the amount of vitamin E. Exposure to unwashed silica leads to an approximately 7-fold increase in PL and proteins and a 5.8-fold increase in lavage vitamin E. Following treatment of rats with CP, there is a 15- to 19-fold increase in lavage PL and proteins and a 13.6-fold increase in vitamin E. When the results are expressed as micrograms vitamin E per milligram of lavage PL or protein, there is not much difference between controls and each treatment group. Because surfactant synthesis occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, we also measured vitamin E in lung microsomes. Both silica exposure and CP treatment also lead to 1.8- to 2.5-fold increases, respectively, in the lung microsomal levels of vitamin E. These results demonstrate that alveolar lavage vitamin E levels are elevated along with lavage PL and proteins, and lung microsomal vitamin E levels are increased following exposure of rats to silica or treatment of the animals with CP. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Miles, P R AU - Bowman, L AU - Reasor, M J AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 1996/12/06/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Dec 06 SP - 511 EP - 523 VL - 49 IS - 5 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Phospholipids KW - 0 KW - Pulmonary Surfactants KW - Sympathomimetics KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Chlorphentermine KW - NHW07912O7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Pulmonary Surfactants -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Pulmonary Surfactants -- chemistry KW - Intubation, Intratracheal KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Microsomes, Liver -- chemistry KW - Sympathomimetics -- toxicity KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Sympathomimetics -- administration & dosage KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Silicon Dioxide -- administration & dosage KW - Chlorphentermine -- administration & dosage KW - Chlorphentermine -- toxicity KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Phospholipids -- secretion KW - Vitamin E -- secretion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78623745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+crystalline+silica+or+treatment+with+chlorphentermine+increases+vitamin+E+levels+in+rat+alveolar+lavage+materials.&rft.au=Miles%2C+P+R%3BBowman%2C+L%3BReasor%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-12-06&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=511&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - K-ras codon 12 and 61 point mutations in bromodeoxyuridine- and N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat renal mesenchymal tumors. AN - 78670255; 9020896 AB - The mutagenic thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) may incorrectly incorporate opposite deoxyguanine in DNA, then pair with deoxyadenosine during subsequent replication. It appears to preferentially target the 3'-G of 5'-NGGN-3' sequences in mammalian cells in culture to induce G-->A transitions. Ras genes should therefore be vulnerable to activation by mutation at glycine codons 12 (GGT) and/or 13 (GGC) by misincorporation of BrdUrd. There is limited evidence that BrdUrd may be carcinogenic or co-carcinogenic in rats: three renal mesenchymal tumors, a tumor known to be associated with activating mutations in the c-K-ras-2 oncogene, were reported in 87 rats treated with BrdUrd alone, while N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) alone or NMU + BrdUrd resulted in incidences of 12/52 and 26/76, respectively, against a zero incidence in untreated rats. We analyzed renal mesenchymal tumors from rats treated with BrdUrd for mutations in K-ras exons 1 and 2 and compared the prevalence and spectrum of mutations with those found in comparable tumors induced with NMU. DNAs from 22 paraffin-embedded renal mesenchymal tumors from rats treated 12-15 months earlier with BrdUrd (three specimens) or NMU (11 specimens) or both agents sequentially (eight specimens) were amplified by PCR. The base sequence of codons 12-13 and 59-63 of K-ras was determined by the dideoxynucleotide method. Sequencing results were confirmed by allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. Two of three tumors that appeared in rats given BrdUrd alone contained both a codon 12 GGT-->GAT transition and a codon 61 CAA-->CTA transversion. One tumor induced by NMU alone also showed a codon 12 GGT-->GAT mutation, while only wild type sequence could be demonstrated in the codon 12-13 region in the remaining ten such tumors. Three NMU-induced tumors also showed codon 61 CAA-->CTA mutations, while the remaining tumors had wild type sequence. While the GGT-->GAT transitions identified in tumors from BrdUrd-treated rats are consistent with BrdUrd mutagenesis by misincorporation, the co-occurrence of CAA-->CTA transversions, the overall low prevalence of mutations, and the lack of any difference in mutation spectrum between tumors induced by NMU and those that occurred in BrdUrd-treated rats suggests that in both groups the mutations that did occur did not result from a direct effect of either agent. JF - Cancer letters AU - Calvert, R J AU - Buzard, G S AU - Anisimov, V N AU - Rice, J M AD - Office of Special Nutritionals, US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1996/12/03/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Dec 03 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 109 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Codon KW - Guanine KW - 5Z93L87A1R KW - Methylnitrosourea KW - 684-93-5 KW - Bromodeoxyuridine KW - G34N38R2N1 KW - Adenine KW - JAC85A2161 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Male KW - Female KW - Point Mutation -- genetics KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Genes, ras -- genetics KW - Codon -- genetics KW - Mesenchymoma -- genetics KW - Mesenchymoma -- chemically induced KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78670255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=K-ras+codon+12+and+61+point+mutations+in+bromodeoxyuridine-+and+N-nitrosomethylurea-induced+rat+renal+mesenchymal+tumors.&rft.au=Calvert%2C+R+J%3BBuzard%2C+G+S%3BAnisimov%2C+V+N%3BRice%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-03&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relaxation dynamics of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions perturbed by external tones. III. Response to a single tone at multiple suppression levels. AN - 85163014; pmid-8969492 AB - The relaxation dynamics of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) interacting with an external tone have been successfully described using a van der Pol limit cycle oscillator model [Murphy et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 3702-3710 (1995) and Murphy et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 3711-3720 (1995)]. Data were collected for an SOAE interacting with a single-frequency ipsilateral suppressor. Transitions between different suppressed states were achieved by adding or removing signal at the suppressor frequency. The relaxation dynamics of the van der Pol model provided a good fit to the data. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Murphy, W J AU - Tubis, A AU - Talmadge, C L AU - Long, Glenis R AU - Krieg, E F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DBBS, Bioacoustics and Occupational Vibration Section, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.; Ph.D. program in Speech and Hearing Sciences, City University of New York, The Graduate Center PY - 1996 SP - 3979 EP - 3982 VL - 100 IS - 6 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85163014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Relaxation+dynamics+of+spontaneous+otoacoustic+emissions+perturbed+by+external+tones.+III.+Response+to+a+single+tone+at+multiple+suppression+levels.&rft.au=Murphy%2C+W+J%3BTubis%2C+A%3BTalmadge%2C+C+L%3BLong%2C+Glenis+R%3BKrieg%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3979&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preparation and standardization of U.S. Standard Pertussis Vaccine, Lot No. 11. AN - 78720202; 9088553 AB - The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research within the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has prepared a new U.S. Standard Pertussis Vaccine. Whole cell pertussis vaccine concentrate was diluted in 5% (w/v) lactose and lyophilized. The preparation was tested for toxicity, sterility, heterogeneity and residual moisture. Based on data from an international collaborative study involving 11 laboratories, the potency was estimated in relation to the U.S. Master Standard Pertussis Vaccine, Lot 4 and the International Standard for Pertussis Vaccine, Lot 2. The potency of the preparation was defined to be 90 units per ampoule. When reconstituted and stored according to instructions, no significant change in potency was observed in the 14 days following reconstitution. This material was shown to be suitable for a pertussis vaccine standard and accordingly it was designated as U.S. Standard Pertussis Vaccine, Lot 11 on March 22, 1994. JF - Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization AU - Jansen, D L AU - Meade, B D AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA. Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 363 EP - 370 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 1045-1056, 1045-1056 KW - Pertussis Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chemistry, Physical KW - Humans KW - Freeze Drying KW - Reference Standards KW - Preservation, Biological KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Biological Assay KW - Middle Aged KW - Mice KW - Pertussis Vaccine -- isolation & purification KW - Pertussis Vaccine -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78720202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biologicals+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Association+of+Biological+Standardization&rft.atitle=Preparation+and+standardization+of+U.S.+Standard+Pertussis+Vaccine%2C+Lot+No.+11.&rft.au=Jansen%2C+D+L%3BMeade%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biologicals+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Association+of+Biological+Standardization&rft.issn=10451056&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date created - 1997-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Biologicals 1997 Sep;25(3):363-4 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuroanatomical and functional alterations resulting from early postnatal cerebellar insults in rodents. AN - 78641037; 8981598 AB - This review examines neuroanatomical and functional alterations in rodents resulting from postnatal insults during cerebellar development. Treatments such as irradiation and methylazoxymethanol (MAM) administration produced near birth ( postnatal day 8 for irradiation treatment and > postnatal day 4 for MAM treatment). The functional alterations also differ: insults produced near birth result in hypoactivity, ataxia, tremor and accompanying learning deficits, whereas those produced later result in hyperactivity and few learning deficits. This hyperactivity may have relevance to human disorders. Brief discussions of cerebellar and functional alterations (e.g., hyperactivity) resulting from neonatal infection with the Borna disease virus and induction of hypo- and hyperthyroidism during the preweaning period are also presented. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Ferguson, S A AD - Division of Reproductive & Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 663 EP - 671 VL - 55 IS - 4 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate KW - 592-62-1 KW - methylazoxymethanol KW - JGG19N3YDQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Borna Disease -- pathology KW - Borna Disease -- physiopathology KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- analogs & derivatives KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Cerebellar Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Cerebellar Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Cerebellum -- growth & development KW - Cerebellar Diseases -- pathology KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Cerebellum -- radiation effects KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Cerebellum -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78641037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Neuroanatomical+and+functional+alterations+resulting+from+early+postnatal+cerebellar+insults+in+rodents.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-28 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantalization of continuous data for benchmark dose estimation. AN - 78636236; 8975754 AB - Benchmark doses corresponding to low levels of noncancer disease risk have been proposed to replace the no-observed-adverse-effect level for establishing allowable daily intakes or reference doses. For quantal data each animal is classified with or without a disease. The proportion of animals with an adverse effect (risk) is observed as a function of dose of a toxic substance. The calculation of a benchmark dose is relatively straightforward. For continuous data a somewhat more complicated designation of risk is required. Because of the more direct procedures with quantal data, consideration could be given to converting continuous data to quantal data before estimating benchmark doses. The purpose of this paper is to compare the precision of the two approaches (use of continuous or quantalized data) for a number of sublinear dose-response curves ranging from low to high probabilities of risk at the highest dose. In these studies, five animals per dose were generally satisfactory to estimate the benchmark dose for continuous data, whereas the corresponding quantalized data generally do not perform as well even with 10 to 20 animals per dose. For quantalized data, the lower 95% confidence limits on the estimates of the benchmark dose were generally a factor of 3 to 4 below the true benchmark dose, whereas the confidence limits using the continuous data were generally within a factor of 2 of the true benchmark dose. Although the use of quantalized data for the estimation of risk is more direct, estimates of benchmark doses using the continuous data were more precise. Based on this study, converting continuous data to quantal data is not recommended. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Gaylor, D W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 246 EP - 250 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Toxicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mathematical Computing KW - Toxicity Tests -- methods KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78636236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Quantalization+of+continuous+data+for+benchmark+dose+estimation.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-20 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of HIV replication by immunoliposomal antisense oligonucleotide. AN - 78614203; 8955849 AB - The sequence-specific suppression of HIV-1 replication using CD4 monoclonal-antibody-targeted liposomes, containing Rev antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides is described. Liposomes were prepared by encapsulating the 20-mer antisense DNA sequence of the rev HIV-1 regulatory gene, in the form of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide. Specific targeting was accomplished by conjugating anti-CD4 mouse monoclonal antibody to the surface of the liposomes. HIV-1-infected H9 cells as well as peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were incubated with the immunoliposomes of antisense found to have potential antiviral effect. HIV-1 replication was reduced by 85% in antisense immunoliposome-treated H9 cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes, whereas the inhibition of HIV-1 replication was not observed using either empty immunoliposomes or immunoliposomes containing scrambled Rev phosphorothioate oligonucleotide sequences. The antiviral activity of both the free and the encapsulated oligonucleotides were assessed by p24, reverse transcriptase (RT) assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Liposome preparations demonstrated minimal toxicity in H9 as well as in peripheral blood lymphocyte cell culture experiments. These in vitro culture results demonstrate the potential efficacy of immunoliposomes to inhibit HIV replication. JF - Antiviral research AU - Selvam, M P AU - Buck, S M AU - Blay, R A AU - Mayner, R E AU - Mied, P A AU - Epstein, J S AD - Center for Biologics, Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Selvam@al.cher.fda.gov Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 SP - 11 EP - 20 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0166-3542, 0166-3542 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD4 KW - Drug Carriers KW - Liposomes KW - Oligonucleotides, Antisense KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Virus Replication KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - HIV-1 -- genetics KW - Genes, rev KW - HIV-1 -- physiology KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- pharmacology KW - HIV-1 -- drug effects KW - Antigens, CD4 -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78614203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiviral+research&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+HIV+replication+by+immunoliposomal+antisense+oligonucleotide.&rft.au=Selvam%2C+M+P%3BBuck%2C+S+M%3BBlay%2C+R+A%3BMayner%2C+R+E%3BMied%2C+P+A%3BEpstein%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Selvam&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antiviral+research&rft.issn=01663542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-28 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nucleotide sequence and restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) in southern Europe: evidence for the HTLV-IIa and HTLV-IIb subtypes. AN - 78585330; 8948378 AB - Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) has been subtyped into two major groups, IIa and IIb, according to molecular studies involving env gene sequencing. Subsequently, this retrovirus was further subclassified by examining the long terminal repeat (LTR), the most divergent genomic region. Sequence analysis and restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) applied to the LTR region identified either four or five groups within the IIa subtype (depending on the restriction enzyme sets used) and six within the IIb subtype. In this study, we analyzed the LTR sequences of 29 samples obtained from HTLV-II-infected individuals living in Spain and Italy, which included 24 injecting drug users (IDUs), three blood donors, and two subjects at risk for HIV/HTLV infection. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis of 720 base pairs of the LTR performed in 10 Spanish samples showed that all of these samples belonged to IIb subtype, with a divergence of 7.5% and 1.66% compared with MoT (IIa) and NRA/G12 (IIb) isolates, respectively. RFLP analysis demonstrated the presence of the IIb 4-subtype restriction pattern in 26 samples, a IIb5-subtype pattern in one Italian IDU, and a IIa0-subtype pattern in two Italian samples (blood donors), according to W.M. Switzer's nomenclature. This is the first report of the presence of IIb5 in Southern Europe and IIa0 among Italian blood donors. RFLP correlated with nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic data obtained in this study, demonstrating the ability of the RFLP method to predict the phylogroup of HTLV-II-infected samples. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association AU - Vallejo, A AU - Ferrante, P AU - Soriano, V AU - Calabrò, M L AU - Mancuso, R AU - Heredia, A AU - Mannella, E AU - Favero, A AU - Garcia-Sáiz, A AU - Chieco-Bianchi, L AU - González-Lahoz, J AU - Hewlett, I K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CBER/FDA, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1996/12/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Dec 01 SP - 384 EP - 391 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1077-9450, 1077-9450 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Viral KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Phylogeny KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - Spain -- epidemiology KW - Italy -- epidemiology KW - Blood Donors KW - HTLV-II Infections -- genetics KW - Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - HTLV-II Infections -- epidemiology KW - DNA, Viral -- analysis KW - Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 -- classification KW - HIV Long Terminal Repeat -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78585330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+and+human+retrovirology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+International+Retrovirology+Association&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+and+restriction+fragment-length+polymorphism+analysis+of+human+T-cell+lymphotropic+virus+type+II+%28HTLV-II%29+in+southern+Europe%3A+evidence+for+the+HTLV-IIa+and+HTLV-IIb+subtypes.&rft.au=Vallejo%2C+A%3BFerrante%2C+P%3BSoriano%2C+V%3BCalabr%C3%B2%2C+M+L%3BMancuso%2C+R%3BHeredia%2C+A%3BMannella%2C+E%3BFavero%2C+A%3BGarcia-S%C3%A1iz%2C+A%3BChieco-Bianchi%2C+L%3BGonz%C3%A1lez-Lahoz%2C+J%3BHewlett%2C+I+K&rft.aulast=Vallejo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=384&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+and+human+retrovirology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+International+Retrovirology+Association&rft.issn=10779450&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-20 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - L37138; GENBANK; L37139; L37136; L37137; L37134; L37135; L37132; L37133; L37142; U10252; L37141; L37140; U10256; U10254; U10253; L11146; U25135; L37129; U10257; L37143; U10258; L37144; M10060; L37145; L37146; L20374; Z46838; L37131; U10262; L37130 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Atlas of United States mortality T2 - Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS pubn. no. (PHS) 97-1015 AN - 59764569; 1997-0608580 AB - Maps of the leading causes of death, by race and sex, 1988-92; based on information recorded on death certificates and from 1990 population data. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services; Superintendent of Documents, December 1996. vii+209 pp. AU - Pickle, Linda Williams AU - and others Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - December 1996 EP - vii+209 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services; Superintendent of Documents SN - 0840605218; 0160489806 KW - Population -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Maps KW - Mortality -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Demographics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59764569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Pickle%2C+Linda+Williams%3Band+others&rft.aulast=Pickle&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vii%2B209&rft.isbn=0840605218&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+United+States+mortality&rft.title=Atlas+of+United+States+mortality&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services (LC 96-45521) (ISBN 0-8406-0521-8) pa; Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-048980-6) N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of protein adducts to investigate the disposition of reactive metabolites of benzene. AN - 36353183; 201002-31-0247424 (CE); 11701768 (EN) AB - Benzene is metabolized to a number of electrophilic species that are capable of binding to both DNA and proteins. We used adducts of hemoglobin (Hb) and bone marrow proteins to study the disposition of three benzene and metabolites (benzene oxide [BO], 1,2-benzoquinone [1,2-BQ], and 1,4-benzoquinone [1,4-BQ]) in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice following a single oral dosage of [13C6]benzene and/or [14C]benzene. Our assays focused upon cysteine adducts that accounted for 38 to 45% of protein binding to Hb and 63 to 81% of protein binding to bone marrow. Although both mice and rats showed dose-related increases in Hb and bone marrow protein adducts of BO and of the two benzoquinones, large intertissue and interspecies differences were noted, suggesting different preferences in metabolic pathways. The highest levels of adducts in mice were of 1,4-BQ (10-27% of all cysteine adducts), while in rats, BO adducts predominated in Hb (73% of all cysteine adducts) and 1,2-BQ adducts predominated in the bone marrow (14% of all cysteine adducts). High background levels of 1,2-BQ and 1,4-BQ adducts were also detected in both species, indicating that the toxic effects of quinone metabolites may only be important at high levels of benzene exposure. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rappaport, S M AU - McDonald, T A AU - Yeowell-O'Connell, K AD - Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7400, USA. stephen_rappaport@unc.edu PY - 1996 SP - 1235 EP - 1237 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Adducts KW - Proteins KW - Benzene KW - Bone marrow KW - Cysteine KW - Mice KW - Binding KW - Metabolites KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36353183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+use+of+protein+adducts+to+investigate+the+disposition+of+reactive+metabolites+of+benzene.&rft.au=Rappaport%2C+S+M%3BMcDonald%2C+T+A%3BYeowell-O%27Connell%2C+K&rft.aulast=Rappaport&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunotoxicity: hazard identification and risk assessment AN - 21089856; 11127210 JF - Human & Experimental Toxicology AU - Luster, MI AU - Kimber, I AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 947 EP - 948 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 15 IS - 12 SN - 0960-3271, 0960-3271 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Immunotoxicity KW - X 24300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21089856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+%26+Experimental+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Immunotoxicity%3A+hazard+identification+and+risk+assessment&rft.au=Luster%2C+MI%3BKimber%2C+I&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+%26+Experimental+Toxicology&rft.issn=09603271&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F096032719601501201 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Immunotoxicity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719601501201 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Loss of either CD4 super(+) or CD8 super(+) T cells does not affect the magnitude of protective immunity to an intracellular pathogen, Francisella tularensis strain LVS AN - 15934631; 4051134 AB - Normal mice readily survive a sublethal intradermal (i.d.) infection with Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS), a model intracellular bacterium, and are strongly protected against subsequent lethal challenge. However, athymic nu/nu mice, which lack mature alpha beta TCR super(+) T lymphocytes, succumb to i.d. infection within 30 days. Here we characterize the alpha beta T cell subpopulations necessary for both resolution of i.d. infection and generation of optimal protective immunity to LVS. BALB/cByJ mice treated with anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 Abs before i.d. infection survived and cleared bacteria, and anti-CD4- or anti-CD8-treated immune mice survived a very strong i.p. challenge of 10,000 LD sub(50)s. Among mutant mice with targeted gene disruptions (knockouts), CD4 super(-), beta sub(2)-microglobulin-deficient (which are also CD8 super(-)), and gamma delta TCR super(-) mice all resolved a large sublethal i.d. infection. All CD4 super(-) and beta sub(2)-microglobulin-deficient mice readily survived subsequent lethal i.p. challenge of 10,000 LD sub(50)s, even in the absence of specific IgG Abs, as did most (86%) gamma delta TCR super(-) mice. In contrast, alpha beta TCR super(-) mice or alpha beta + gamma delta TCR super(-) mice died about 35 days after i.d. infection. Depletion of gamma delta super(+) T cells from alpha beta TCR super(-) mice had no effect on mean time to death from i.d. LVS infection. Therefore alpha beta TCR super(+) cells are required for protection, but either CD4 super(+) or CD8 super(+) T cells are individually sufficient to resolve a large sublethal i.d. LVS infection and to protect against a maximal secondary lethal challenge. These results emphasize the remarkable plasticity of the alpha beta T cell response in protective immunity to intracellular bacteria. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Yee, D AU - Rhinehart-Jones, T R AU - Elkins, K L AD - Div. Bacterial Products/CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 440, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 5042 EP - 5048 VL - 157 IS - 11 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - mice KW - CD4 antigen KW - CD8 antigen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - immunity (cell-mediated) KW - lymphocytes T KW - Francisella tularensis KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06756:Function UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15934631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=Loss+of+either+CD4+super%28%2B%29+or+CD8+super%28%2B%29+T+cells+does+not+affect+the+magnitude+of+protective+immunity+to+an+intracellular+pathogen%2C+Francisella+tularensis+strain+LVS&rft.au=Yee%2C+D%3BRhinehart-Jones%2C+T+R%3BElkins%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Yee&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5042&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Francisella tularensis; lymphocytes T; immunity (cell-mediated) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality of Carpenters' Union members employed in the U.S. construction or wood products industries, 1987-1990 AN - 15899673; 4038379 AB - This study evaluated the mortality of 27,362 members of the U.S. Carpenters' Union who died 1987-1990. Age-adjusted proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) and proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs) were computed using the U.S. age-, gender-, and race-specific proportional mortality for the years of the study. For white male carpenters who were last employed while in construction industry locals, raised mortality was observed for lung cancer (PCMR = 107, CI = 103, 111), bone cancer (PCMR = 181, CI = 107, 286), asbestosis (PMR = 283, CI = 158, 457), emphysema (PMR = 115, CI = 102, 130), transportation injuries (PMR = 121, CI = 109, 135), and falls (PMR = 122, CI = 104, 142). For white male carpenters who were last employed while in industrial wood products locals, significantly raised mortality occurred for stomach cancer (PCMR = 187, CI = 136, 250), male breast cancer (PCMR = 469, CI = 128, 720), and transportation injuries (PMR = 136, CI = 110, 173). Excess breast cancer was associated with last employment in wood machining trades. Nasal cancer mortality was not elevated. A total of 121 mesotheliomas were observed. Contributing cause of death analyses revealed raised mortality for these and additional causes; 4,594 (18%) death certificates mentioned occupational and other lung disease as a contributing factor, resulting in significantly elevated mortality. These data show that construction carpenters have moderately elevated mortality for the diseases caused by asbestos (lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma) and from traumatic injuries. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Robinson, C F AU - Petersen, M AU - Sieber, W K AU - Palu, S AU - Halperin, W E AD - NIOSH, DSHEFS, Mail Stop R-18, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 674 EP - 694 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - construction industry KW - asbestos KW - lung cancer KW - mesothelioma KW - trade unions KW - occupational health KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - wood KW - mortality KW - occupational exposure KW - cancer KW - H SI1.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15899673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+of+Carpenters%27+Union+members+employed+in+the+U.S.+construction+or+wood+products+industries%2C+1987-1990&rft.au=Robinson%2C+C+F%3BPetersen%2C+M%3BSieber%2C+W+K%3BPalu%2C+S%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=674&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - construction industry; wood; asbestos; mortality; lung cancer; cancer; occupational health; occupational exposure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of intramuscularly administered cyanide antidotes on methemoglobin formation and survival AN - 15858066; 4020364 AB - Successful first aid therapy for cyanide intoxication is dependent upon immediate administration of antidotes which directly or indirectly interact with the cyanide ion to remove it from circulation. Owing to the severe respiratory, cardiovascular and convulsive episodes following acute cyanide intoxication, the most practical approach is to administer antidotes by intramuscular injection. Exceptionally rapid methemoglobin formers--hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HH) and dimethylaminophenol (DMAP)--are usually able to prevent the lethal effect of cyanide following intramuscular injections in doses sufficient to induce 20% methemoglobin (HH = 20 mg kg super(-1) and DMAP = 2 mg kg super(-1)). Sodium nitrite, the methemoglobin inducer approved for military use, must be administered by intravenous infusion because it is not an effective cyanide antidote by the intramuscular route. In the normal unintoxicated animal an intramuscular injection of 20 mg kg super(-1) sodium nitrite will form 20% methemoglobin; however, in acute cyanide intoxication the associated severe bradycardia appears to limit the rate of absorption and thus the rapid formation of methemoglobin. If the bradycardia is prevented or reversed by atropine, the rate of absorption of sodium nitrite and the formation of methemoglobin is able to reverse the otherwise lethal effects of cyanide. Thus, an intramuscularly administered combination of 20 mg kg super(-1) sodium nitrite and 1 mg kg super(-1) atropine sulfate, rapidly absorbed from the intramuscular site, appears to achieve the same degree of effectiveness against acute cyanide intoxication as intramuscularly administered HH or DMAP. It would appear from these studies that HH, DMAP and sodium nitrite with atropine are all potentially effective intramuscular antidotes for acute cyanide poisoning. JF - Journal of Applied Toxicology AU - Vick, JA AU - Von Bredow, JD AD - Division of Research and Testing, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 509 EP - 516 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - cyanide KW - methemoglobin KW - sodium nitrite KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - antidotes KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15858066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+intramuscularly+administered+cyanide+antidotes+on+methemoglobin+formation+and+survival&rft.au=Vick%2C+JA%3BVon+Bredow%2C+JD&rft.aulast=Vick&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antidotes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for a ninth gene, ptlI, in the locus encoding the pertussis toxin secretion system of Bordetella pertussis and formation of a PtlI-PtlF complex AN - 15828816; 4003001 AB - The pertussis toxin secretion system of Bordetella pertussis initially was thought to comprise eight proteins, PtlA-PtlH. We have investigated the existence of another protein, PtlI, encoded by a putative gene located between ptlD and ptlE. A B. pertussis strain expressing a ptlI::phoA translational fusion possessed alkaline phosphatase activity, suggesting that ptlI encodes a protein. In B. pertussis, a protein with an apparent molecular weight of similar to 5,200 (similar to that predicted by the ptlI sequence) was immunoreactive with an antibody raised to a PtlI-maltose-binding protein fusion protein. PtlE expression in a mutant sustaining an in-frame deletion in ptlI indicated that ptlE starts further downstream than initially predicted. PtlF, not detected in the ptlI deletion mutant, was restored partially by expressing ptlI in trans. A 36-kDa species, consistent with a PtlI-PtlF complex, was immunoreactive with antibodies to PtlI and PtlF in nonreduced cell extracts of a Bordetella bronchiseptica strain which overexpresses the Ptl proteins. Upon dithiothreitol treatment, the 36-kDa species was diminished greatly or undetectable. In B. pertussis, PtlI and PtlF co-precipitated with antibody to PtlF. These findings demonstrate the existence of PtlI and a PtlI-PtlF complex, providing the first description of an interaction between Ptl proteins. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Farizo, K M AU - Cafarella, T G AU - Burns, D L AD - CBER, FDA, HFM-434, Bldg. 29, Rm. 418, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 31643 EP - 31649 VL - 271 IS - 49 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - ptlI gene KW - PtlI protein KW - PtlF protein KW - ptlD gene KW - ptlE gene KW - phoA gene KW - alkaline phosphatase KW - maltose-binding protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - toxins KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15828816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+a+ninth+gene%2C+ptlI%2C+in+the+locus+encoding+the+pertussis+toxin+secretion+system+of+Bordetella+pertussis+and+formation+of+a+PtlI-PtlF+complex&rft.au=Farizo%2C+K+M%3BCafarella%2C+T+G%3BBurns%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Farizo&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=49&rft.spage=31643&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; Bordetella bronchiseptica; toxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of live, oral poliovirus vaccine monopools for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus AN - 15805542; 3999829 AB - Although there is no evidence for transmission of mammalian retroviruses to humans via vaccine immunization, the allegations of contamination of oral poliovirus vaccines with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 or a hypothetical progenitor virus from monkeys has created controversy and dispute regarding the origin of AIDS in humans. Twelve monovalent lots of live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine types 1, 2, and 3, which were released for use by a North American manufacturer between 1976-1989, were tested for the presence of HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). HIV/SIV were not detected in these monovalent poliovirus vaccine lots with the reverse transcriptase assay, a general detection assay, and highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction assays. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Khan, A S AU - Shahabuddin, M AU - Bryan, T AU - Joshi, B H AU - Lee, S AU - Hewlett, I K AD - Div. Viral Products, Cent. for Biologics Evaluation and Res., FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM-454, Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 1185 EP - 1190 VL - 174 IS - 6 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - simian immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - poliovirus KW - human immunodeficiency virus KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - A 01097:Viruses KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15805542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+live%2C+oral+poliovirus+vaccine+monopools+for+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+and+simian+immunodeficiency+virus&rft.au=Khan%2C+A+S%3BShahabuddin%2C+M%3BBryan%2C+T%3BJoshi%2C+B+H%3BLee%2C+S%3BHewlett%2C+I+K&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; poliovirus; human immunodeficiency virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A procedure to study unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat spermatogenic cells in vivo: Strain differences between Fisher-344 and Sprague-Dawley rats AN - 15773440; 3989093 AB - A liquid scintillation counting (LSC) procedure was used to study unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids from Fisher-344 (F344) and Sprague-Dawley (SPD) rats treated with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). MMS induced a large, dose-dependent, UDS response in pachytene spermatocytes from both rat strains. On average, F344 pachytene spermatocytes showed a larger UDS response than those of SPD rats. The lowest dose of MMS that elicited a significant UDS response was 1 mg/kg in F344 rats but 5 mg/kg in SPD rats. Early spermatid stages from F344 rats also showed a larger UDS response than those from SPD rats. The time interval at which spermatid stages showed the maximum UDS response was between 20 and 24 days after MMS treatment. It is concluded that UDS can be measured quantitatively in rat spermatogenic cells in vivo by using the LSC procedure. JF - Toxicology Letters AU - Sotomayor, R E AU - Jackson, R AU - Nourbakhsh, A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-509, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1996/12// PY - 1996 DA - Dec 1996 SP - 77 EP - 81 VL - 89 IS - 1 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - rats KW - methyl methanesulfonate KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - DNA biosynthesis KW - spermatocytes KW - pachytene KW - scintillation KW - spermatids KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - N 14653:Effect of antibiotics, antimetabolites & mutagens KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15773440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=A+procedure+to+study+unscheduled+DNA+synthesis+in+rat+spermatogenic+cells+in+vivo%3A+Strain+differences+between+Fisher-344+and+Sprague-Dawley+rats&rft.au=Sotomayor%2C+R+E%3BJackson%2C+R%3BNourbakhsh%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sotomayor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-12-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA biosynthesis; spermatocytes; spermatids; scintillation; pachytene; toxicity testing ER - TY - RPRT T1 - CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION EXPANSION, DEKALB COUNTY, GEORGIA. AN - 36405160; 6175 AB - PURPOSE: The establishment of a master plan to guide and coordinate physical development of buildings, utilities, roads and streetscapes, landscapes, and amenities over the next 20 years for the Clifton Road campus of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, is proposed. The master plan would be developed in response to projected CDC administrative, research and infrastructure support needs, and would not commit CDC to any of the projects proposed. The implementation of any project in the master plan is dependent on Congressional funding. Five alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are considered in this final EIS. The proposed action would include building demolition, interior and exterior renovation of existing buildings, and new building construction on the existing CDC campus. It would also include the acquisition of up to 17.6 acres of land located immediately west of the existing campus. The potential acquisition area includes 35 single-family residences, a small apartment complex, two day-care centers, a DeKalb County fire station, an Emory University graduate studies office, and the offices of the Georgia Association for Pastoral Care and Global Health Action. These existing structures would be demolished and the area regraded prior to construction of the proposed buildings, street improvements, and parking decks. The proposed action would include two phases: in the initial 10-year phase, most construction activity would occur on the existing CDC campus; in the subsequent 10-year phase, construction activity would be concentrated in the potential acquisition area. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The master plan activities would consolidate work stations and functions, increase space, improve vehicular and pedestrian traffic flow patterns, and relocate some overflow, off-campus functions to the main campus. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The land acquisition alternatives would result in the complete removal of 2.75 acres of urban forest habitat and the relocation of an estimated 100 persons residing in 35 single-family houses and a small apartment complex. The construction activities would result in increases in traffic levels, pollutant levels, and noise. LEGAL MANDATES: Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4601). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 96-0384D, Volume 20, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 960553, 308 pages, November 29, 1996 PY - 1996 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Buildings KW - Demolition KW - Electric Power KW - Employment KW - Energy Consumption KW - Historic Sites KW - Hospitals KW - Housing KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Land Use KW - Natural Gas KW - Parking KW - Relocations-Property Acquisitions KW - Research Facilities KW - Roads KW - Sewers KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Water Supply KW - Georgia KW - Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36405160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-11-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=CENTERS+FOR+DISEASE+CONTROL+AND+PREVENTION+EXPANSION%2C+DEKALB+COUNTY%2C+GEORGIA.&rft.title=CENTERS+FOR+DISEASE+CONTROL+AND+PREVENTION+EXPANSION%2C+DEKALB+COUNTY%2C+GEORGIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - General Services Administration, Atlanta Georgia; HHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: November 29, 1996 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High mutation frequencies among Escherichia coli and Salmonella pathogens. AN - 78498932; 8895473 AB - Here it is reported that the incidence of mutators among isolates of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica is high (over 1 percent). These findings counter the theory, founded on studies with laboratory-attenuated strains, that suggests mutators are rare among bacterial populations. Defects in methyl-directed mismatch repair underlie all mutator phenotypes described here. Of nine independently derived hypermutable strains, seven contained a defective mutS allele. Because these mutant alleles increase the mutation rate and enhance recombination among diverse species, these studies may help explain both the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance and the penetrance of virulence genes within the prokaryotic community. JF - Science (New York, N.Y.) AU - LeClerc, J E AU - Li, B AU - Payne, W L AU - Cebula, T A AD - Molecular Biology Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (HFS-235), Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. tac@vax8.cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 1996/11/15/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Nov 15 SP - 1208 EP - 1211 VL - 274 IS - 5290 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Sigma Factor KW - sigma factor KatF protein, Bacteria KW - Adenosine Triphosphatases KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - MutS DNA Mismatch-Binding Protein KW - EC 3.6.1.3 KW - MutS protein, E coli KW - Index Medicus KW - Sigma Factor -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Biological Evolution KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial -- genetics KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Selection, Genetic KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- genetics KW - Phenotype KW - DNA Repair -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- pathogenicity KW - Sequence Deletion KW - Salmonella -- genetics KW - Salmonella -- pathogenicity KW - Escherichia coli -- pathogenicity KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78498932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=High+mutation+frequencies+among+Escherichia+coli+and+Salmonella+pathogens.&rft.au=LeClerc%2C+J+E%3BLi%2C+B%3BPayne%2C+W+L%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=LeClerc&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-11-15&rft.volume=274&rft.issue=5290&rft.spage=1208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U69873; GENBANK; U29579 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Science. 1997 Sep 19;277(5333):1833-4 [9324769] Science. 1996 Nov 15;274(5290):1081 [8966583] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cigarette smoking, N-acetyltransferase 2 genetic polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk. AN - 78507801; 8903261 AB - To determine if N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) polymorphisms result in decreased capacity to detoxify carcinogenic aromatic amines in cigarette smoke, thus making some women who smoke more susceptible to breast cancer. Case-control study with genetic analyses. DNA analyses were performed for 3 polymorphisms accounting for 90% to 95% of the slow acetylation phenotype among whites. White women with incident primary breast cancer (n=304) and community controls (n=327). Neither smoking nor NAT2 status was independently associated with breast cancer risk. There were no clear patterns of increased risk associated with smoking by NAT2 status among premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, NAT2 strongly modified the association of smoking with risk. For slow acetylators, current smoking and smoking in the distant past increased breast cancer risk in a dose-dependent manner (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] for the highest quartile of cigarettes smoked 2 and 20 years previously, 4.4 [1.3-14.8] and 3.9 [1.4-10.8], respectively). Among rapid acetylators, smoking was not associated with increased breast cancer risk. Our results suggest that smoking may be an important risk factor for breast cancer among postmenopausal women who are slow acetylators, demonstrate heterogeneity in response to carcinogenic exposures, and may explain previous inconsistent findings for cigarette smoking as a breast cancer risk factor. JF - JAMA AU - Ambrosone, C B AU - Freudenheim, J L AU - Graham, S AU - Marshall, J R AU - Vena, J E AU - Brasure, J R AU - Michalek, A M AU - Laughlin, R AU - Nemoto, T AU - Gillenwater, K A AU - Shields, P G AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Jefferson, Ark. 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/11/13/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Nov 13 SP - 1494 EP - 1501 VL - 276 IS - 18 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Smoke KW - 0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.5 KW - NAT2 protein, human KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Humans KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Aged KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- genetics KW - Premenopause -- genetics KW - Risk Assessment KW - Genotype KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Tobacco KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Premenopause -- physiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Breast Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- physiology KW - Smoking -- metabolism KW - Postmenopause -- genetics KW - Breast Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Breast Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- genetics KW - Postmenopause -- physiology KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78507801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Cigarette+smoking%2C+N-acetyltransferase+2+genetic+polymorphisms%2C+and+breast+cancer+risk.&rft.au=Ambrosone%2C+C+B%3BFreudenheim%2C+J+L%3BGraham%2C+S%3BMarshall%2C+J+R%3BVena%2C+J+E%3BBrasure%2C+J+R%3BMichalek%2C+A+M%3BLaughlin%2C+R%3BNemoto%2C+T%3BGillenwater%2C+K+A%3BShields%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Ambrosone&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-11-13&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=1494&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 1996 Nov 13;276(18):1511-2 [8903264] JAMA. 1997 Feb 19;277(7):533-4; author reply 534 [9032158] JAMA. 1997 Feb 19;277(7):533; author reply 534 [9032157] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular analysis of lacI mutations in Rat2 cells exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene: evidence for DNA sequence and DNA strand biases for mutation. AN - 78666862; 9003531 AB - The Rat2 cell line carries 50-70 stably integrated copies per cell of a lambda/lacI shuttle vector as a target for mutagenicity testing. Rat2 cells were exposed to 1 and 10 micrograms/ml of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) for 24 h at 37 degrees C in the presence of primary rat hepatocytes, and grown to confluence. The shuttle vector was rescued from untreated and mutagen-treated cells and mutant frequencies were determined. The low and high doses of DMBA induced mutant frequencies that were 7-fold (25 +/- 4.9 x 10(-5)) and 33-fold (127 +/- 19.9 x 10(-5)) higher, respectively, than the spontaneous mutant frequency (3.8 +/- 0.7 x 10(-5)). DNA sequence analysis of the DMBA-induced lacI- mutants indicated that they contained mainly basepair substitution mutations at A:T and G:C, and that A:T-->T:A and G:C-->T:A transversions were the predominant types. In addition, 23 of 28 (82%) A:T basepair substitution mutations occurred with the mutated dA, the putatively adducted base, on the coding strand. Furthermore, 20 of the 28 (71%) A:T mutations had the mutated dA flanked 5' by a dC, and 17 of these were A:T-->T:A transversions, suggesting a sequence preference for this mutation. Except for a higher proportion of G:C-->A:T transitions in the low dose data, the mutational profiles from low and high doses of DMBA were similar. These results indicate that DMBA mutagenesis in the lacI gene of Rat2 cells displays distinct DNA sequence and DNA strand preferences. JF - Mutation research AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Chen, J B AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Harris, A J AU - Shelton, S D AU - Casciano, D A AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. mmanjanatha@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1996/11/11/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Nov 11 SP - 53 EP - 64 VL - 372 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Lac Repressors KW - Repressor Proteins KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Bacteriophage lambda -- genetics KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Animals, Genetically Modified KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Rats KW - Transgenes -- drug effects KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- cytology KW - Bacteriophage lambda -- drug effects KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- drug effects KW - Cell Line KW - Bacterial Proteins -- drug effects KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - Repressor Proteins -- drug effects KW - Repressor Proteins -- genetics KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78666862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Molecular+analysis+of+lacI+mutations+in+Rat2+cells+exposed+to+7%2C12-dimethylbenz%5Ba%5Danthracene%3A+evidence+for+DNA+sequence+and+DNA+strand+biases+for+mutation.&rft.au=Manjanatha%2C+M+G%3BChen%2C+J+B%3BShaddock%2C+J+G%3BHarris%2C+A+J%3BShelton%2C+S+D%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Manjanatha&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-11-11&rft.volume=372&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-20 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methamphetamine-stimulated striatal dopamine release declines rapidly over time following microdialysis probe insertion. AN - 78612741; 8955951 AB - To investigate changes in striatal dopamine release over a series of brief methamphetamine (METH) exposures, METH was pulsed three times at 2-h intervals, with the first exposure occurring 2 h after microdialysis probe insertion. Whether METH was administered directly into the striatum via the microdialysate (20 microM of METH for 10 min), or via peripheral intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (1 mg/kg METH, i.p.), the dopamine (DA) peak elicited by the third METH exposure was only 50% as large as that elicited by the first exposure, 4 h earlier. This decline in the magnitude of METH-induced DA release probably continued over at least 24 h, since the magnitude of a single peak 26 h after probe implantation was only one-seventh of that at 2 h. This reduction in the response to METH was a function of time post-probe insertion, and not of prior METH exposure. Thus, peak size was the same at 6 h post-implantation in animals which received two prior METH pulses or no prior METH pulses, and in both cases this 6-h peak was substantially lower than that at 2 h post-implantation. Circadian influences were also excluded as a factor, because size of the initial METH-induced DA peak did not vary as a function of time of probe implantation. It is concluded that METH-stimulated striatal DA release declines rapidly over time post-probe insertion. When METH exposures occur repeatedly at short intervals, this decline can mimic, but is not caused by, desensitization or depletion in response to prior METH exposure. JF - Brain research AU - Holson, R R AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Clausing, P AU - Gough, B AD - Divisions of Developmental Toxicology and Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/11/11/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Nov 11 SP - 301 EP - 307 VL - 739 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - 0 KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Stimulation, Chemical KW - Rats KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Artifacts KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Infusions, Parenteral KW - Male KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Dopamine Agents -- pharmacology KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Microdialysis -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78612741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Methamphetamine-stimulated+striatal+dopamine+release+declines+rapidly+over+time+following+microdialysis+probe+insertion.&rft.au=Holson%2C+R+R%3BBowyer%2C+J+F%3BClausing%2C+P%3BGough%2C+B&rft.aulast=Holson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-11-11&rft.volume=739&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-01 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public health implications of hazardous waste sites: findings, assessment and research. AN - 78719595; 9119326 AB - In this paper we present an overview of the chemicals released from hazardous waste sites (HWS) and some of the mixtures of substances that have been released into environmental media. We describe how this information can be used to assess the public health hazard of releases of chemical mixtures from waste sites. Wherever possible, research on chemical mixtures should use chemical mixtures actually identified in, or representative of, mixtures in environmental media. A narrative, weight-of-evidence approach to characterize the toxicity of mixtures that incorporates mechanistic insights on chemical interactions is described. The utility of this information in the context of risk analysis and public health practice is discussed. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - De Rosa, C T AU - Johnson, B L AU - Fay, M AU - Hansen, H AU - Mumtaz, M M AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 1131 EP - 1138 VL - 34 IS - 11-12 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Research Design -- standards KW - Risk Assessment KW - Hazardous Waste -- adverse effects KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Public Health -- standards KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78719595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Public+health+implications+of+hazardous+waste+sites%3A+findings%2C+assessment+and+research.&rft.au=De+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BJohnson%2C+B+L%3BFay%2C+M%3BHansen%2C+H%3BMumtaz%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=De+Rosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=1131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a priority list of chemical mixtures occurring at 1188 hazardous waste sites, using the HazDat database. AN - 78717188; 9119332 AB - Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA or Superfund) section 104 mandate, as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 USC 9604 (i)(2), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is to identify individual substances and combinations of substances that pose the greatest public health hazard at hazardous waste sites. This has led to certain mandated activities of the Agency, including development of toxicological profiles, identification of data gaps, and, ultimately, establishment of a research agenda. The Agency has also developed HazDat, a database that captures pertinent information from public health assessments conducted at hazardous waste sites. As a preliminary step, data from sites have been analysed to identify the combinations of chemicals found in various environmental media. The most frequently found combinations were perchloroethylene (PERC) and trichloroethylene (TCE) in water (23.5% of sites); chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) in soil (20.5%); benzene and toluene in air (3.5%); PERC, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) and TCE in water (11.6%); Cr, cadmium (Cd) and Pb in soil (12.0%); and benzene, PERC and TCE in air (2.2%). The findings of this analysis can be enhanced by factoring into the algorithm paramenters such as toxicity, source contribution, and likelihood of human exposure similar to that used for the Agency's priority list of 275 single substances. Assessment of the impact of chemical mixtures on human health is a formidable task, and estimating the toxicity of such mixtures, including the role of chemical interactions, is an equally demanding challenge. Because limited experimental data exist for chemical interactions, alternative methods such as predictive approaches and in vitro techniques are needed to address the many substances and their potential combinations. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Fay, R M AU - Mumtaz, M M AD - Division of Toxicology, Public Health Service, US Dept of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 1163 EP - 1165 VL - 34 IS - 11-12 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Public Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Algorithms KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Public Health -- standards KW - Hazardous Substances -- classification KW - Hazardous Waste -- classification KW - Hazardous Waste -- statistics & numerical data KW - Databases, Factual UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78717188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+priority+list+of+chemical+mixtures+occurring+at+1188+hazardous+waste+sites%2C+using+the+HazDat+database.&rft.au=Fay%2C+R+M%3BMumtaz%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Fay&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=1163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-04-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-04-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA points-to-consider documents: the need for dietary control for the reduction of experimental variability within animal assays and the use of dietary restriction to achieve dietary control. AN - 78650491; 8994309 AB - Standard protocols for conducting chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies have been refined over the years to carefully control for many variables. Nevertheless, over the last 2 decades, there has been a steady increase in variability, a decrease in survival, an increase in tumor incidence rates, and an increase in the average body weight of control animals among the various rodent species and strains used for toxicity testing. These observations have prompted an evaluation of chronic study designs to determine what factor(s) may be responsible for such confounding changes. Ad libitum feeding and the selection of successful breeders with rapid offspring growth is believed to be at least partially responsible for the heavier, obese rodents with which many laboratories are coping today. As a result of these changes, some studies used for the evaluation of safety have been deemed inconclusive or inadequate for regulatory purposes and either additional supportive studies have been requested and/or studies per se have been repeated. Research on the molecular mechanisms of caloric restriction and agent-induced toxicity at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) National Center for Toxicological Research stimulated the first international conference on the biological effects of dietary restriction in 1989; this was followed in 1993 by an FDA workshop exploring the utility of dietary restriction in controlling reduced survival in chronic tests and an international conference in 1994 exploring the implications for the regulatory community of using dietary restriction in toxicity and carcinogenicity studies used in support of a sponsor's submission or in risk assessments. The outcome of that conference was the FDA's commitment to develop Points-to-Consider documents that address the issue of dietary control in chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Allaben, W T AU - Turturro, A AU - Leakey, J E AU - Seng, J E AU - Hart, R W AD - Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. wallaben@nctr.fda.gov PY - 1996 SP - 776 EP - 781 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Male KW - Animal Feed -- adverse effects KW - Food Deprivation -- physiology KW - Energy Intake -- physiology KW - Carcinogenicity Tests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78650491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=FDA+points-to-consider+documents%3A+the+need+for+dietary+control+for+the+reduction+of+experimental+variability+within+animal+assays+and+the+use+of+dietary+restriction+to+achieve+dietary+control.&rft.au=Allaben%2C+W+T%3BTurturro%2C+A%3BLeakey%2C+J+E%3BSeng%2C+J+E%3BHart%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Allaben&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-31 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of experimental male-mediated behavioral and neurochemical disorders. AN - 78593931; 8947937 AB - Paternal exposures to exogenous agents have been reported to produce a variety of developmental defects in the offspring. In experimental animals, these effects include decreased litter size and weight, increased stillbirth and neonatal death, birth defects, tumors, and functional/behavioral abnormalities-some of these effects being transmitted to the second and third generations. This article reviews the exogenous agents that have reportedly caused behavioral or neurochemical alterations in offspring of experimental animals following paternal exposures, including advanced age, alcohols, cyclophosphamide, ethylene dibromide, lead, opiates, and a few miscellaneous chemicals. Based upon the consistency of effects in several of these agents in a variety of studies in experimental animals, the conclusion is that paternal exposures may contribute to the incidence of neurobehavioral disorders in humans. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Nelson, B K AU - Moorman, W J AU - Schrader, S M AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 611 EP - 616 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Narcotics KW - 0 KW - Ethylene Dibromide KW - 1N41638RNO KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Humans KW - Narcotics -- toxicity KW - Alcoholism KW - Lead Poisoning KW - Cyclophosphamide -- toxicity KW - Ethylene Dibromide -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Mental Disorders -- genetics KW - Paternal Exposure KW - Mental Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Nervous System Diseases -- genetics KW - Nervous System Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Mental Disorders -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78593931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Review+of+experimental+male-mediated+behavioral+and+neurochemical+disorders.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BMoorman%2C+W+J%3BSchrader%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Domoic acid: neurobehavioral and neurohistological effects of low-dose exposure in adult rats. AN - 78589255; 8947943 AB - Adult rats treated IP with domoic acid at 0, 0.22, 0.65, or 1.32 mg/kg were tested for passive avoidance (PA), auditory startle (AS), or conditioned avoidance (CAR) behaviors. Clinical signs were observed only at the 1.32 mg/kg dose level. Within 24 h of dosing, rats surviving a dose of 1.32 mg/kg exhibited transient decreased body weight and exaggerated AS responding. Startle latency and habituation, PA, and CAR were not affected. Examination of brains from six rats per group revealed a subset (2/6) of animals receiving 1.32 mg/kg domoic acid with degenerating neurons in the hippocampal CA1/CA3 subregions and gliosis. The decreased body weight and increased startle suggest a hyperreactivity syndrome possibly related to neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. In a separate experiment, domoic acid at an IP dose of 0.93 mg/kg was found to produce hypomotility in addition to a decrease in body weight. Both effects were reduced by pretreatment with scopolamine (2 mg/kg), but not with caffeine (30 mg/kg), indicating a possible cholinergic involvement in domoate's toxicity. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Sobotka, T J AU - Brown, R AU - Quander, D Y AU - Jackson, R AU - Smith, M AU - Long, S A AU - Barton, C N AU - Rountree, R L AU - Hall, S AU - Eilers, P AU - Johannessen, J N AU - Scallet, A C AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. tjs@fdacf.ssw.dhhs.gov PY - 1996 SP - 659 EP - 670 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - domoic acid KW - M02525818H KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Astrocytes -- drug effects KW - Habituation, Psychophysiologic KW - Body Weight KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Conditioning, Operant KW - Acoustic Stimulation KW - Astrocytes -- pathology KW - Male KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Kainic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Avoidance Learning -- drug effects KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Kainic Acid -- toxicity KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78589255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Domoic+acid%3A+neurobehavioral+and+neurohistological+effects+of+low-dose+exposure+in+adult+rats.&rft.au=Sobotka%2C+T+J%3BBrown%2C+R%3BQuander%2C+D+Y%3BJackson%2C+R%3BSmith%2C+M%3BLong%2C+S+A%3BBarton%2C+C+N%3BRountree%2C+R+L%3BHall%2C+S%3BEilers%2C+P%3BJohannessen%2C+J+N%3BScallet%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Sobotka&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictability of the clinical potency of NSAIDs from the preclinical pharmacodynamics in rats. AN - 78585834; 8951503 AB - Relevance of the preclinical pharmacodynamic, toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters predicting the clinical potency of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was evaluated. Data for oral potencies of 24 NSAIDs in rats were collected from the literature and from New Drug Applications with respect to the following parameters: antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, acute ulcerogenic activities, acute toxicity, in vitro inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, acid dissociation constant (pKa), octanol-water partition coefficient and elimination half-life. Data for most of the in vivo parameters in rats were collected following single dose administration with the exception of adjuvant arthritis. Single and daily clinical doses were considered. All of these NSAIDs have been approved for marketing although not all have been sold in the USA. The preclinical data were compared to human dose (unit or daily doses) using single and multiple stepwise regression analyses. Analyses suggest that NSAIDs are effective in all models of preclinical tests for fever, pain and inflammation, however, carrageenin-induced rat paw edema model is clearly the best predictor of human dose. Rank order of preclinical models for predicting human dose is carrageenin > yeast induced fever > pressure induced pain = adjuvant arthritis in rats. The analysis suggested that the pain and adjuvant arthritis models in rats may also involve a prostaglandin independent mechanism. Of the two physicochemical factors tested, pKa contributed best to the carrageenin model towards predicting the clinical potency of NSAIDs. Mathematical relationships between human dose, carrageenin ED50 and pKa were established that may assist in the future clinical development of NSAIDs. Carrageenin-induced paw edema model in rats is the most robust predictor of the clinical potency of NSAIDs. Acid dissociation constant (pKa) appears to be a secondary contributor to the potency of NSAIDs. The relevance of the data analyses for developing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective NSAIDs is discussed. JF - Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] AU - Mukherjee, A AU - Hale, V G AU - Borga, O AU - Stein, R AD - Division of Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Ophthalmologic Drug Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 531 EP - 540 VL - 45 IS - 11 SN - 1023-3830, 1023-3830 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Chemistry, Physical KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- toxicity KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- pharmacology KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78585834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inflammation+research+%3A+official+journal+of+the+European+Histamine+Research+Society+...+%5Bet+al.%5D&rft.atitle=Predictability+of+the+clinical+potency+of+NSAIDs+from+the+preclinical+pharmacodynamics+in+rats.&rft.au=Mukherjee%2C+A%3BHale%2C+V+G%3BBorga%2C+O%3BStein%2C+R&rft.aulast=Mukherjee&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inflammation+research+%3A+official+journal+of+the+European+Histamine+Research+Society+...+%5Bet+al.%5D&rft.issn=10233830&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative effectiveness of selenite cystine broth, tetrathionate broth, and rappaport-vassiliadis medium for recovery of Salmonella spp. from raw flesh, highly contaminated foods, and poultry feed: collaborative study. AN - 78583792; 8946709 AB - A collaborative study was performed in 18 laboratories to validate use of Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) medium in the standard culture method for recovery of Salmonella spp. from raw, highly contaminated foods and poultry feed. RV medium made from its individual ingredients and incubated at 42 degrees C was compared with selenite cystine (SC) broth incubated at 35 degrees C and tetrathionate (TT) broth incubated at 35 degrees and 43 degrees C for effectiveness in recovery of Salmonella spp. Four artificially contaminated foods (oysters, frog legs, mushrooms, and shrimp) and poultry feed and one naturally contaminated food (chicken) were analyzed. The artificially contaminated foods were inoculated with single serovars of Salmonella at target levels of 0.04 colony-forming units (CFU)/g for the low level and 0.4 CFU/g for the high level. For analysis of 1125 test portions, RV medium (42 degrees C) recovered Salmonella from 409 test portions; TT (43 degrees C), from 368 test portions; TT (35 degrees C), from 310 test portions; and SC (35 degrees C), from 334 test portions. Overall, RV medium was comparable with or better than other selective enrichments for recovery of Salmonella from the foods in this study, except mushrooms. From mushrooms, SC broth (35 degrees C) recovered more positive test portions than did RV medium (42 degrees C) and TT broth (43 degrees C). The method for detection of Salmonella in raw, highly contaminated foods and poultry feed using RV medium has been adopted by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. AOAC Official Method 967.25, Salmonella in Foods, Preparation of Culture Media and Reagents, has been revised to include RV medium, and the applicability of AOAC Official Method 967.26, Salmonella in Foods, Detection, has been restricted to processed foods. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - June, G A AU - Sherrod, P S AU - Hammack, T S AU - Amaguaña, R M AU - Andrews, W H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 1307 EP - 1323 VL - 79 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Selenocysteine KW - 0CH9049VIS KW - Tetrathionic Acid KW - 8V1L8R19JH KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Food Analysis KW - Selenocysteine -- chemistry KW - Temperature KW - Food Contamination KW - Tetrathionic Acid -- chemistry KW - Colony-Forming Units Assay KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- metabolism KW - Animal Feed -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78583792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Relative+effectiveness+of+selenite+cystine+broth%2C+tetrathionate+broth%2C+and+rappaport-vassiliadis+medium+for+recovery+of+Salmonella+spp.+from+raw+flesh%2C+highly+contaminated+foods%2C+and+poultry+feed%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=June%2C+G+A%3BSherrod%2C+P+S%3BHammack%2C+T+S%3BAmagua%C3%B1a%2C+R+M%3BAndrews%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=June&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of three methods for determining aflatoxins in melon seeds. AN - 78577885; 8946711 AB - The suitability of 3 methods for determining aflatoxins in melon seeds was examined. The first 2 are the Contaminants Branch (CB) method and the Best Foods (BF) method, both official methods for determining aflatoxins in peanuts and peanut products. The third method, the modified CB method-Rapid Modification of the Cottonseed (CB-RCS-Mod) method, devised in this work, was derived by combining steps from the CB method and the Rapid Modification of the Cottonseed method. The CB method was superior to the other 2 methods for quantitation of aflatoxins. It gave better recoveries and cleaner extracts that exhibit less fluorescent interference for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) than the BF method. Also, its solvent efficiency was better than that of the CB-RCS-Mod method. With the CB method, recoveries from spiked samples were 85.0% for aflatoxin B1 and 90.0% for aflatoxin B2. Recoveries of G aflatoxins were more variable, averaging 90.0% for aflatoxin G1 and 72.5% for aflatoxin G2. Total aflatoxin recovery was 86.5% for the CB method. At a low aflatoxin contamination level (8 micrograms B1/kg sample), aflatoxin B1 was detectable by the CB method but not by the BF method. Detection of aflatoxins in BF method sample extracts by TLC was not improved by the use of chloroform-acetone-water (88 + 12 + 1), benzene-ethanol-water, or ether-methanol-water (96 + 3 + 1) in place of the standard chloroform-acetone (88 + 12) developer. Use of ether-methanol-water (96 + 3 + 1) for detecting aflatoxins by TLC in the CB method extracts increased interference compared with the standard chloroform-acetone (88 + 12) developer. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - DiProssimo, V P AU - Malek, E G AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Northeast Regional Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11232, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 1330 EP - 1335 VL - 79 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Chloroform KW - 7V31YC746X KW - Index Medicus KW - Seeds -- chemistry KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Food Analysis KW - Acetone -- chemistry KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Reference Standards KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Fruit KW - Chloroform -- chemistry KW - Quality Control KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Carcinogens -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78577885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+three+methods+for+determining+aflatoxins+in+melon+seeds.&rft.au=DiProssimo%2C+V+P%3BMalek%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=DiProssimo&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Florisil solid-phase extraction cartridges for cleanup of organochlorine pesticide residues in foods. AN - 78577155; 8946723 AB - Florisil solid-phase extraction cartridges were evaluated for cleanup of organochlorine pesticide residues in food extracts. Elution patterns and recoveries were determined for 24 organochlorine pesticides. A range of elution solvents was evaluated. A 2% ethyl ether-petroleum ether eluant optimized overall recoveries while minimizing interferences from coextractants. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Schenck, F J AU - Calderon, L AU - Saudarg, D E AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore District Laboratory, MD 21201, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 1454 EP - 1458 VL - 79 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Magnesium Silicates KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Florisil KW - 1343-88-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Reference Standards KW - Brachyura KW - Food Contamination KW - Shellfish KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Pesticide Residues -- isolation & purification KW - Food Analysis KW - Magnesium Silicates -- chemistry KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- isolation & purification KW - Insecticides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78577155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Florisil+solid-phase+extraction+cartridges+for+cleanup+of+organochlorine+pesticide+residues+in+foods.&rft.au=Schenck%2C+F+J%3BCalderon%2C+L%3BSaudarg%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-directed mutagenesis of the katG gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: effects on catalase-peroxidase activities and isoniazid resistance. AN - 78569891; 8939440 AB - Recent studies examining the molecular mechanisms of isoniazid (INH) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis have demonstrated that a significant percentage of drug-resistant strains are mutated in the katG gene which encodes a catalase-peroxidase, and the majority of these alterations are missense mutations which result in the substitution of a single amino acid. In previous reports, residues which may be critical for enzymatic activity and the drug-resistant phenotype have been identified by evaluating INH-resistant clinical isolates and in vitro mutants. In this study, site-directed mutagenesis techniques were utilized to alter the wild-type katG gene from M. tuberculosis at 13 of these codons. The effects of these mutations were determined using complementation assays in katG-defective, INH-resistant strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG. This mutational analysis revealed that point mutations in the katG gene at nine of the 13 codons can cause drug resistance, and that enzymatic activity and resistance to INH are inversely related. In addition, mutations in the mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase which reduce catalase activity also decrease peroxidase activity. JF - Molecular microbiology AU - Rouse, D A AU - DeVito, J A AU - Li, Z AU - Byer, H AU - Morris, S L AD - Laboratory of Mycobacteria, US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. DavidR3648@aol.com Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 583 EP - 592 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0950-382X, 0950-382X KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.7 KW - Isoniazid KW - V83O1VOZ8L KW - Index Medicus KW - Immunoblotting KW - Mycobacterium -- genetics KW - Transformation, Genetic KW - Mycobacterium bovis -- genetics KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial KW - Catalase -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- enzymology KW - Peroxidase -- genetics KW - Catalase -- genetics KW - Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial -- genetics KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- genetics KW - Catalase -- immunology KW - Isoniazid -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78569891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+microbiology&rft.atitle=Site-directed+mutagenesis+of+the+katG+gene+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis%3A+effects+on+catalase-peroxidase+activities+and+isoniazid+resistance.&rft.au=Rouse%2C+D+A%3BDeVito%2C+J+A%3BLi%2C+Z%3BByer%2C+H%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Rouse&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+microbiology&rft.issn=0950382X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1-Hydroxypyrene levels in coal-handling workers at a coke oven. AN - 78569323; 8941904 AB - An environmental and medical survey was conducted at the coal-handling area of a coke oven, where workers came in contact with coal-tar sludge. The purpose of the study was to determine if skin contact with coal-tar sludge was an important route of exposure to pyrene because workers were observed to have substantial contact with the sludge. Environmental monitoring revealed minimal airborne exposure to pyrene, a byproduct of the coke distillation process; only one personal breathing zone sample detected pyrene, and at least of 0.001 mg/m3. However, the mean preshift urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentration was 1.00 mumol/mol creatinine (range, 0.16 to 2.96 mumol/mol creatinine) and the mean postshift level was 1.7 mumol/mol creatinine (range, 0.24 to 4.85 mumol/mol creatinine) (P < 0.01). These levels probably reflect absorption as a result of skin exposure. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Malkin, R AU - Kiefer, M AU - Tolos, W AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 1141 EP - 1144 VL - 38 IS - 11 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Coke KW - Keratolytic Agents KW - Pyrenes KW - Coal Tar KW - 8007-45-2 KW - 1-hydroxypyrene KW - N2H6O5V707 KW - Index Medicus KW - Smoking KW - Respiratory Protective Devices KW - Air Pollution -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Skin Absorption KW - Pyrenes -- metabolism KW - Coal Tar -- adverse effects KW - Keratolytic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78569323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=1-Hydroxypyrene+levels+in+coal-handling+workers+at+a+coke+oven.&rft.au=Malkin%2C+R%3BKiefer%2C+M%3BTolos%2C+W&rft.aulast=Malkin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-15 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of 2,6-xylidine as a major lidocaine metabolite in human liver slices. AN - 78563666; 8937848 AB - Human liver slices, in vitro, were used to establish whether lidocaine (LIDO) can be converted by human liver tissue to 2,6-xylidine (XYL), a compound shown to be carcinogenic in rodents. XYL was identified by GC/MS as a major metabolite in human liver slices from five individual donors after incubation with either LIDO (100 microM) or its deethylated metabolite, monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX; 100 microM). Similar media XYL concentrations (9.8 microM +/- 2.1 SD and 7.9 microM +/- 2.1 SD) were achieved after either LIDO or MEGX incubation for 4 hr, respectively. With LIDO, the mean media XYL to MEGX ratios were 1.1 at 1-hr and 1.0 at 4-hr incubation times. In contrast, when LIDO (> 500 microM) was incubated with human liver microsomes for 1 hr, the XYL to MEGX ratio was approximately 0.01. No XYL was detected when LIDO (100 microM) was incubated with either human liver S9 fractions or whole liver homogenates. These results suggest that the enzyme primarily responsible for hydrolysis of LIDO may be labile in subcellular fractions. Kinetic analysis of the data suggests that XYL can be produced from either LIDO directly, or sequentially through MEGX. Although these metabolic data are helpful in addressing issues of LIDO toxicity, the overall risk assessment for LIDO is determined in large part by other factors, including the relative rates of activation to other potentially toxic species such as 4-HO-2,6-XYL as well as inactivation by detoxification pathways. The results presented emphasize the important role human liver slices can play in drug metabolism studies. JF - Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals AU - Parker, R J AU - Collins, J M AU - Strong, J M AD - Division of Clinical Pharmacology Research, OTR, CDER, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 1167 EP - 1173 VL - 24 IS - 11 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - 2,6-xylidine KW - 4FT62OX08D KW - Lidocaine KW - 98PI200987 KW - monoethylglycinexylidide KW - D8Q99HC770 KW - Index Medicus KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Models, Chemical KW - Lidocaine -- metabolism KW - Lidocaine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Lidocaine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Aniline Compounds -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78563666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.atitle=Identification+of+2%2C6-xylidine+as+a+major+lidocaine+metabolite+in+human+liver+slices.&rft.au=Parker%2C+R+J%3BCollins%2C+J+M%3BStrong%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory and analytical method performance of lead measurements in paint chips, soils, and dusts. AN - 78556335; 8931311 AB - The National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program (NLLAP) recognizes laboratories capable of analyzing lead in paints, soils, and dusts. NLLAP requires successful participation in the Environmental Lead Proficiency Analytical Testing (ELPAT) program. For paint chip analyses, laboratory-to-laboratory variability is about 10% relative standard deviation (RSD) for lead levels near 0.5%, the HUD definition of lead-based paint. For soil analyses, RSDs are about 9 to 10% near relevant federal soil standards and 16% near the lowest state bare soil standard that currently exists. For dust wipe analyses, RSDs range from 10 to 16% for lead levels near relevant HUD standards. Of participating laboratories, 92 to 93% consistently meet ELPAT performance limits. A variety of analytical methods gives similar results. No conclusive significant differences were found among most frequently used hotplate and microwave sample preparation techniques. In addition, several participating laboratories have successfully used ultrasonic extraction methods, a method suitable for use at abatement sites. The three most frequently used instrumental techniques, flame atomic absorption (FAA), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and graphite furnace atomic absorption show no statistically significant differences in ability to meet ELPAT performance limits. However, small statistically significant biases between these methods sometimes occur. The magnitude of biases is less than 5% of the corresponding laboratory mean near relevant federal standards except for lead levels near the lowest HUD lead wipe standard, where biases can be as high as 8%. Other instrumental methods that have been used successfully include ICP-mass spectroscopy, direct current plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, dithizone spectrophotometry, and anodic stripping voltametry. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Schlecht, P C AU - Groff, J H AU - Feng, A AU - Song, R AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 1035 EP - 1043 VL - 57 IS - 11 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Decision Trees KW - Spectrum Analysis -- methods KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Accreditation KW - Paint -- analysis KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Laboratories -- standards KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78556335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Laboratory+and+analytical+method+performance+of+lead+measurements+in+paint+chips%2C+soils%2C+and+dusts.&rft.au=Schlecht%2C+P+C%3BGroff%2C+J+H%3BFeng%2C+A%3BSong%2C+R&rft.aulast=Schlecht&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1035&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-19 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro effects of large and small glass fibers on rat alveolar macrophages. AN - 78554918; 8931738 AB - The objective of this study was to explore the use of alveolar macrophage culture to evaluate the cytotoxicity of two glass fiber materials, a building insulation fiberglass (a relatively long and thick fiber) and a glass microfiber (a short and thin fiber). Alveolar macrophages were obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats by bronchoalveolar lavage and were cultured with varying fiber concentrations for up to 3 d. Fiber toxicity was assessed by assaying cell viability, membrane integrity, and phagocyte function. The microfibers exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity shown by the loss of cell viability and function. The building insulation fiberglass had little effect on cell viability and did not change macrophage function in this assay system. The results of this study show that short and thin glass fibers are more toxic than long and thick fibers in vitro, supporting a role of fiber dimension in toxicity. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Castranova, V AU - Pailes, W AU - Judy, D AU - Blake, T AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Jones, W AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies and Health Effects, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 357 EP - 369 VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - fiberglass KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - beta-Galactosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.23 KW - Index Medicus KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Animals KW - Oxygen Consumption -- drug effects KW - Phagocytes -- cytology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- metabolism KW - Membrane Fluidity -- drug effects KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - beta-Galactosidase -- metabolism KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Phagocytes -- drug effects KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- ultrastructure KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Glass KW - Asbestos -- toxicity KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- cytology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78554918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=In+vitro+effects+of+large+and+small+glass+fibers+on+rat+alveolar+macrophages.&rft.au=Castranova%2C+V%3BPailes%2C+W%3BJudy%2C+D%3BBlake%2C+T%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BJones%2C+W&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-19 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GC/MS comparison of the West Indian aphrodisiac "Love Stone" to the Chinese medication "chan su": bufotenine and related bufadienolides. AN - 78529145; 8914298 AB - The death of a 23-year-old man resulting from digoxin-like toxicity and heart failure was attributed to ingestion of a West Indian aphrodisiac known as "Love Stone." GC/MS analyses identified bufotenine, a controlled substance under both US and New York State statutes. In addition, a series of bufadienolides, namely resibufogenin, bufalin, and cinobufagin, were also identified. Bufadienolides, which are derived from toad venom or secretions, are cardiotonic steroids that cause symptoms similar to digoxin. GC/MS analyses of the Chinese medication "Chan Su," a product derived from toads, produced a highly similar elution profile and contained the same compounds as "Love Stone." The data demonstrate that the aphrodisiac was also derived from toads. JF - Journal of forensic sciences AU - Barry, T L AU - Petzinger, G AU - Zito, S W AD - Mass Spectrometry Service Center, Northeast Regional Laboratory, US Food and Drug Administration, Brooklyn, NY 11232, USA. Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 1068 EP - 1073 VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0022-1198, 0022-1198 KW - Aphrodisiacs KW - 0 KW - Bufanolides KW - Hallucinogens KW - Street Drugs KW - Bufotenin KW - 0A31347TZK KW - Index Medicus KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Bufanolides -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Street Drugs -- poisoning KW - Male KW - Heart Failure -- etiology KW - Aphrodisiacs -- poisoning KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Forensic Medicine -- methods KW - Bufotenin -- poisoning KW - Heart Failure -- chemically induced KW - Hallucinogens -- poisoning KW - Bufotenin -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78529145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+forensic+sciences&rft.atitle=GC%2FMS+comparison+of+the+West+Indian+aphrodisiac+%22Love+Stone%22+to+the+Chinese+medication+%22chan+su%22%3A+bufotenine+and+related+bufadienolides.&rft.au=Barry%2C+T+L%3BPetzinger%2C+G%3BZito%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1068&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+forensic+sciences&rft.issn=00221198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of caloric restriction on expression of testicular cytochrome P450 enzymes associated with the metabolic activation of carcinogens. AN - 78524335; 8914833 AB - Previous work demonstrated that microsomal cytochrome P4502A1 (CYP2A1) is expressed in rat testicular Leydig cells. The present study investigates the effects of diet, age, and strain on rat testicular CYP2A1 expression and assesses the potential role of testicular CYP2A1 in the metabolic activation of carcinogens. In ad libitum-fed 18-week-old Fischer 344 rats, testicular CYP2A1 immunoreactive protein and testosterone 7alpha-hydroxylase activity (7alpha-TOHase) exhibited a circadian variation with a daytime maximum and a night-time minimum (82.2 +/- 42.0 and 21.9 +/- 4.5 pmol 7alpha-hydroxytestosterone/min/mg protein, respectively). Caloric restriction (to 60% of ad libitum consumption), which reduces the severity of Leydig cell tumors in rats, decreased expression of both CYP2A1 and testicular 7alpha-TOHase >80% and eliminated their circadian variation. Conversely, caloric restriction induced a circadian rhythm in testicular 7-benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity. Testicular microsomes from ad libitum-fed rats having peak diurnal 7alpha-TOHase activity had significantly greater (30%) microsome-mediated aflatoxin B1-DNA binding activity compared to microsomes prepared from nocturnal phase ad libitum-fed or calorically restricted rats which expressed low 7alpha-TOHase activity. In 12-month-old Fischer 344 rats, high CYP2A1 expression was correlated with severe Leydig cell hyperplasia (r = 0.80), whereas CYP2A immunoreactive protein and 7alpha-TOHase were expressed at lower levels in Sprague-Dawley than in Fischer 344 rats and were undetectable in pig, monkey, and human testes. These are strains/species that do not exhibit significant Leydig cell hyperplasia. This suggests that caloric intake, strain, and circadian factors may all mediate testicular CYP2A1 expression in the rat and that CYP2A1 may in turn influence carcinogen activation and pathological status in the testis. JF - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics AU - Seng, J E AU - Gandy, J AU - Turturro, A AU - Lipman, R AU - Bronson, R T AU - Parkinson, A AU - Johnson, W AU - Hart, R W AU - Leakey, J E AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/11/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Nov 01 SP - 42 EP - 52 VL - 335 IS - 1 SN - 0003-9861, 0003-9861 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Isoenzymes KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Steroid Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.- KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 KW - testosterone 7-alpha-hydroxylase, hamster KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Leydig Cells -- enzymology KW - Leydig Cells -- pathology KW - Humans KW - Steroid Hydroxylases -- biosynthesis KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- biosynthesis KW - Rats KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 -- biosynthesis KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Hyperplasia KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- metabolism KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Biotransformation KW - Isoenzymes -- biosynthesis KW - Kinetics KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Diet, Reducing KW - Testis -- enzymology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- biosynthesis KW - Microsomes -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78524335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=Effects+of+caloric+restriction+on+expression+of+testicular+cytochrome+P450+enzymes+associated+with+the+metabolic+activation+of+carcinogens.&rft.au=Seng%2C+J+E%3BGandy%2C+J%3BTurturro%2C+A%3BLipman%2C+R%3BBronson%2C+R+T%3BParkinson%2C+A%3BJohnson%2C+W%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BLeakey%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Seng&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=335&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.issn=00039861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of fumonisin B1 and (hydrolyzed) fumonisin backbone AP1 on membranes: a spin-label study. AN - 78524278; 8914830 AB - Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and spin label techniques have been used to study the effects of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and hydrolyzed fumonisin backbone (AP1) on the structural and dynamic properties of phosphatidylcholine membranes at the molecular level. Multilamellar liposomes consisting of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) were used. Six different nitroxide spin labels were used to determine what effects FB1 may impart on the ordering and mobility of lipids in membranes. The experimental results disclose the following: (1) In the fluid phase membrane, FB1 significantly increases the fluidities of n-doxylstearic acid (SA) spin labels (SL) attached to carbons 5 and 7, which disorders the alkyl chains and perturbs the surface region of the bilayer; by comparison, minimal effects were detected near the center of the bilayer. (2) In the gel phase, FB1 and AP1 imparts marked rigidifying effects on membrane fluidity, which enlarges the change in ordering on the phase transition even further. (3) FB1 also restricts the mobility of the (rigid) cholestane spin label. (4) A reduction in mobility of the tempo-stearate spin label suggests that the tricarballylic acid (TCA) moieties of FB1 might mimic the structure of polar headgroups in phospholipids. The present results may provide additional mechanisms to elucidate the toxicological activities of the fumonisins. JF - Archives of biochemistry and biophysics AU - Yin, J J AU - Smith, M J AU - Eppley, R M AU - Troy, A L AU - Page, S W AU - Sphon, J A AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/11/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Nov 01 SP - 13 EP - 22 VL - 335 IS - 1 SN - 0003-9861, 0003-9861 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Liposomes KW - Mycotoxins KW - Phosphatidylcholines KW - Spin Labels KW - Teratogens KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine KW - U86ZGC74V5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Thermodynamics KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Hydrolysis KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Phosphatidylcholines -- chemistry KW - Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78524278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.atitle=Effects+of+fumonisin+B1+and+%28hydrolyzed%29+fumonisin+backbone+AP1+on+membranes%3A+a+spin-label+study.&rft.au=Yin%2C+J+J%3BSmith%2C+M+J%3BEppley%2C+R+M%3BTroy%2C+A+L%3BPage%2C+S+W%3BSphon%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Yin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=335&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+biochemistry+and+biophysics&rft.issn=00039861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atsdr Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. Iv. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Understanding a Complex Problem AN - 760214878; 13641681 AB - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, or other organic substances, such as tobacco and charbroiled meat. There are more than 100 PAHs. PAHs generally occur as complex mixtures (for example, as part of products such as soot), not as single compounds. PAHs are found throughout the environment in the air, water, and soil. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals, including PAHs (ATSDR, 1995), found atfacilities on the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) and which pose the most significant potential threat to human health, as determined by ATSDR and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These profiles include information on health effects of chemicals from different routes and durations of exposure, their potential for exposure, regulations and advisories, and the adequacy of the existing database. Assessing the health effects of PAHs is a major challenge because environmental exposures to these chemicals are usually to complex mixtures of PAHs with other chemicals. The biological consequences of human exposure to mixtures of PAHs depend on the toxicity, carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic, of the individual components of the mixture, the types of interactions among them, and confounding factors that are not thoroughly understood. Also identified are components of exposure and health effects research needed on PAHs that will allow estimation of realistic human health risks posed by exposures to PAHs. The exposure assessmentcomponent of research should focus on (1 ) development of reliable analytical methods for the determination of bioavailable PAHs following ingestion, (2) estimation of bioavailable PAHs from environmental media, particularly the determination of particle-bound PAHs, (3) data on ambient levels of PAHs metabolites in tissueslfluids of control populations, and (4) the need for a critical evaluation of current levels of PAHs found in environmental media including data from hazardous waste sites. The health effects component should focus on obtaining information on (1) the health effects of mixtures of PAHs particularly their noncarcinogenic effects in humans, and (2) their toxicokinetics. This report provides excerpts from the toxicological profile of PAHs (ATSDR, 1995) that contains more detailed information. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Mumtaz, M M AU - George, J D AU - Gold, K W AU - Cibulas, W AU - Derosa, C T AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Public Health Service U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 742 EP - 971 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 12 IS - 6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - 2. Key words: ATSDR health effects assessment KW - biomarkers KW - complex mixtures KW - data needs KW - human exposure KW - noncarcinogenic toxicity. KW - Chemicals KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Data processing KW - Wood KW - Metabolites KW - Toxicity KW - Coal KW - Liability KW - Ingestion KW - Meat KW - Soil KW - Oil KW - EPA KW - Bioavailability KW - Databases KW - Waste disposal sites KW - Tobacco KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Burning KW - Hazardous wastes KW - X 24380:Social Poisons & Drug Abuse KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760214878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Atsdr+Evaluation+of+Health+Effects+of+Chemicals.+Iv.+Polycyclic+Aromatic+Hydrocarbons+%28PAHs%29%3A+Understanding+a+Complex+Problem&rft.au=Mumtaz%2C+M+M%3BGeorge%2C+J+D%3BGold%2C+K+W%3BCibulas%2C+W%3BDerosa%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Mumtaz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=742&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379601200601 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 1029 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Soil; Meat; Databases; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Data processing; Waste disposal sites; Tobacco; Metabolites; Coal; Toxicity; Burning; Chemicals; Bioavailability; EPA; Wood; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Ingestion; Liability; Hazardous wastes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379601200601 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rationale for the Use of Dietary Control in Toxicity Studies--B6C3F1 Mouse AN - 755136502; 13645789 AB - Significant variability in critical study parameters such as tumor incidences and survival, increasing tumor incidence and decreasing survival in common toxicity test models, and agent-induced changes in body weight (BW) and BW distribution all generate concern about the reproducibility, consistency, and equity of chronic toxicity tests used in regulation. These concerns have led to suggestions to control BW in chronic tests by the modulation of dietary intake without inducing malnutrition [dietary control (DC)] thereby minimizing tumor and survival variability both between and within studies. Evaluating the reports of the best controlled set of chronic experiments, the National Toxicology Program bioassay series, from studies initiated from 1981 to 1990, there is an increase in tumor incidence, especially liver tumors, with a consistent increase in BW. The studies are classified as to whether normal or aberrant BW growth curves occur. When the studies with normal growth curves are considered, the variance in the BW at 12 mo on test (BW12) can account for over 50% of the variance in liver tumor incidence. Additional stratification by study type, which alter tumor prevalences, as well as appreciation of housing effects [group housing decreases survival (in male mice) and induces tumors in males and females when compared to individual housing], further increase the strength of the correlations, accounting for up to 90% of the variance seen in tumor incidences. These updated analyses further support the hypothesis that it is the BW variation that is resulting in much of the variability seen in tumor incidences and refine the suggestions for the BW curves used as the desired targets for DC. JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Turturro, Angelo AU - Duffy, Peter AU - Hart, Ronald AU - Allaben, William T AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 N.C. T.R. Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079 Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 769 EP - 775 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755136502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Rationale+for+the+Use+of+Dietary+Control+in+Toxicity+Studies--B6C3F1+Mouse&rft.au=Turturro%2C+Angelo%3BDuffy%2C+Peter%3BHart%2C+Ronald%3BAllaben%2C+William+T&rft.aulast=Turturro&rft.aufirst=Angelo&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339602400621 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339602400621 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular analysis of lacI mutations in Rat2 super(TM) cells exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene: Evidence for DNA sequence and DNA strand biases for mutation AN - 15961565; 4062897 AB - The Rat2 super(TM) cell line carries 50-70 stably integrated copies per cell of a lambda /lacI shuttle vector as a target for mutagenicity testing. Rat2 super(TM) cells were exposed to 1 and 10 mu g/ml of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) for 24 h at 37 degree C in the presence of primary rat hepatocytes, and grown to confluence. The shuttle vector was rescued from untreated and mutagen-treated cells and mutant frequencies were determined. The low and high doses of DMBA induced mutant frequencies that were 7-fold (25 plus or minus 4.9 x 10 super(-5)) and 33-fold (127 plus or minus 19.9 x 10 super(-5)) higher, respectively, than the spontaneous mutant frequency (3.8 plus or minus 0.7 x 10 super(-5)). DNA sequence analysis of the DMBA-induced lacI mutants indicated that they contained mainly basepair substitution mutations at A:T and G:C, and that A:T arrow right T:A and G:C arrow right T:A transversions were the predominant types. In addition, 23 of 28 (82%) A:T basepair substitution mutations occurred with the mutated dA, the putatively adducted base, on the coding strand. Furthermore, 20 of the 28 (71%) A:T mutations had the mutated dA flanked 5' by a dC, and 17 of these were A:T arrow right T:A transversions, suggesting a sequence preference for this mutation. Except for a higher proportion of G:C arrow right A:T transitions in the low dose data, the mutational profiles from low and high doses of DMBA were similar. These results indicate that DMBA mutagenesis in the lacI gene of Rat2 super(TM) cells displays distinct DNA sequence and DNA strand preferences. JF - Mutation Research-Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Chen, J B AU - Shaddock, JG Jr AU - Harris, A J AU - Shelton, S D AU - Casciano, DA AD - FDA/NCTR/DGT/HFT-120, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 53 EP - 64 VL - 372 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - rats KW - 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - lacI gene KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - DNA KW - mutation KW - mutagenicity testing KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15961565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Fundamental+and+Molecular+Mechanisms+of+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Molecular+analysis+of+lacI+mutations+in+Rat2+super%28TM%29+cells+exposed+to+7%2C12-dimethylbenz%5Ba%5Danthracene%3A+Evidence+for+DNA+sequence+and+DNA+strand+biases+for+mutation&rft.au=Manjanatha%2C+M+G%3BChen%2C+J+B%3BShaddock%2C+JG+Jr%3BHarris%2C+A+J%3BShelton%2C+S+D%3BCasciano%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Manjanatha&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=372&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Fundamental+and+Molecular+Mechanisms+of+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mutation; DNA; mutagenicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production, Binding Characteristics and Protective Immunity of Monoclonal Antibody to Pneumococcal Type-9V Conjugate AN - 1492622785; 18827338 AB - A monoclonal antibody (MAb) to pneumococcal type-9V polysaccharide (PS) was produced using PS conjugated to inactivated pneumolysin as the immunogen. The MAb to 9V PS was of the IgG sub(1) subclass. The antigen-antibody reaction increased rapidly at low concentrations and reached a plateau at 10 mu g PS/ml as measured by nephelometry of the group 9 PS against 9V MAb binding. In contrast, the binding of group 9 PS against rabbit 9V antiserum (AS) increased proportionally and continued to increase up to the highest concentration of PS tested (20 mu g PS/ml). The 9V MAb reacted with all group 9 PSs (9A, 9L, 9N and 9V) by immunodiffusion. In the homologous 9V Ag-MAb reaction, there were marked differences in the inhibition of binding by the cross-reactive 9L PS (19.2% inhibition) and the 9N PS (0.2%). In contrast, inhibition of the homologous 9V Ag-rabbit AS binding by cross-reactive 9L and 9N PSs ranged from 57.8 to 62.7%. Removal of the O-acetyl group from 9V PS by alkali hydrolysis resulted in decreased binding with rabbit 9V AS. However, the binding reaction with 9V MAb was less affected by the loss of O-acetyl content. The 9V MAb was both opsonic and passively protected young mice against challenge with type-9V pneumococci. JF - Microbiology and Immunology AU - Lee, Chi-Jen AU - Karpas, Arthur AU - Wang, Theresa R AU - Kosaka, Tadashi AU - Koizumi, Kaio AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike (HFM-428), Rockville, MD, 20852-1448, USA. Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - Nov 1996 SP - 857 EP - 865 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 40 IS - 11 SN - 0385-5600, 0385-5600 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Nephelometry KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - pneumolysin KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Immunodiffusion KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Immunity KW - Polysaccharides KW - Alkalis KW - Hydrolysis KW - J 02350:Immunology KW - F 06910:Microorganisms & Parasites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1492622785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology+and+Immunology&rft.atitle=Production%2C+Binding+Characteristics+and+Protective+Immunity+of+Monoclonal+Antibody+to+Pneumococcal+Type-9V+Conjugate&rft.au=Lee%2C+Chi-Jen%3BKarpas%2C+Arthur%3BWang%2C+Theresa+R%3BKosaka%2C+Tadashi%3BKoizumi%2C+Kaio&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Chi-Jen&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=857&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology+and+Immunology&rft.issn=03855600&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1348-0421.1996.tb01151.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nephelometry; pneumolysin; Immunodiffusion; Monoclonal antibodies; Immunoglobulin G; Immunity; Alkalis; Polysaccharides; Hydrolysis; Streptococcus pneumoniae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1996.tb01151.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NOS and fos in rat and mouse brain regions. Possible relation to ibogaine-induced Purkinje cell loss. AN - 78617992; 8959037 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Scallet, A C AU - Ye, X AU - Ali, S F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/USFDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/10/31/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Oct 31 SP - 227 EP - 238 VL - 801 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos KW - 0 KW - Ibogaine KW - 3S814I130U KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase KW - EC 1.14.13.39 KW - NADPH Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.6.99.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - NADPH Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Brain -- enzymology KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos -- metabolism KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- metabolism KW - Cell Death -- drug effects KW - Ibogaine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78617992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=NOS+and+fos+in+rat+and+mouse+brain+regions.+Possible+relation+to+ibogaine-induced+Purkinje+cell+loss.&rft.au=Scallet%2C+A+C%3BYe%2C+X%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-10-31&rft.volume=801&rft.issue=&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ibogaine produces neurodegeneration in rat, but not mouse, cerebellum. Neurohistological biomarkers of Purkinje cell loss. AN - 78617140; 8959036 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Scallet, A C AU - Ye, X AU - Rountree, R AU - Nony, P AU - Ali, S F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/USFDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/10/31/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Oct 31 SP - 217 EP - 226 VL - 801 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - Ibogaine KW - 3S814I130U KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Silver Staining KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Purkinje Cells -- drug effects KW - Purkinje Cells -- pathology KW - Ibogaine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78617140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Ibogaine+produces+neurodegeneration+in+rat%2C+but+not+mouse%2C+cerebellum.+Neurohistological+biomarkers+of+Purkinje+cell+loss.&rft.au=Scallet%2C+A+C%3BYe%2C+X%3BRountree%2C+R%3BNony%2C+P%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-10-31&rft.volume=801&rft.issue=&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic toxicity in mice. Role of environmental temperature and pharmacological agents. AN - 78616718; 8959033 AB - 1. Multiple injections of METH (4 x 10 mg/kg, i.p.) at room temperature (23 degrees C) produced a significant depletion of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites DOPAC and HVA in striatum at 24 and 72 hr, and 1 and 2 wk. 2. Three days post 4 x 10 mg/kg METH at 23 degrees C, an 80% decrease in striatal dopamine (DA) occurred, while the same dose at 4 degrees C produced only a 20% DA decrease, and 4 x 20 mg/kg METH at 4 degrees C produced a 54% DA decrease. A similar pattern in the decreases of the DA metabolites DOPAC and HVA was observed after METH administration. 3. At 23 degrees C (+)MK-801 completely blocked while phenobarbital (40% decrease) and diazepam (65% decrease) partially blocked decreases in striatal DA produced by 4 x 10 mg/kg METH. Decreases in DOPAC and HVA were similar to the decreases in DA after METH and antagonists. 4. Multiple injections of METH (4 x 10 mg/kg, i.p.) at room temperature also produced a significant depletion of serotonin (5-HT) in striatum at 24 and 72 hr, and 1 and 2 wk. The depletion of 5-HT metabolite 5-HIAA was found only at 72 hr post-dosing. 5. This depletion of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-HIAA at room temperature was blocked either by changing the environmental temperature to 4 degrees C, or by pretreatment with MK-801, diazepam and phenobarbital after METH treatment. 6. Therefore, these data suggest that drugs that block METH toxicity, such as haloperidol (D2 receptors), pentobarbital and phenobarbital (chloride channels) and MK-801 (NMDA/glutamate receptors), do not necessarily have the same mechanism of action but may either induce hypothermia or block induction of hyperthermia. 7. In summary, these studies show that in the mouse, environmental temperature greatly influences METH neurotoxicity, and that the protective effects of compounds such as diazepam, phenobarbital and MK-801 may be mediated by blockade of METH-induced hyperthermia. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Ali, S F AU - Newport, G D AU - Slikker, W AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1996/10/31/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Oct 31 SP - 187 EP - 198 VL - 801 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - Diazepam KW - Q3JTX2Q7TU KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Phenobarbital KW - YQE403BP4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Phenobarbital -- pharmacology KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Diazepam -- pharmacology KW - Temperature KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Serotonin -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- pharmacology KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Fever -- metabolism KW - Methamphetamine -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Methamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78616718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Methamphetamine-induced+dopaminergic+toxicity+in+mice.+Role+of+environmental+temperature+and+pharmacological+agents.&rft.au=Ali%2C+S+F%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-10-31&rft.volume=801&rft.issue=&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in electroencephalographic signals and monoamine concentrations in the rat brain following cocaine and methamphetamine treatment. AN - 78616491; 8959053 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Binienda, Z AU - Sandberg, J A AU - Slikker, W AU - Ali, S F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1996/10/31/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Oct 31 SP - 394 EP - 400 VL - 801 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Electroencephalography KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Serotonin -- metabolism KW - Cocaine -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78616491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+electroencephalographic+signals+and+monoamine+concentrations+in+the+rat+brain+following+cocaine+and+methamphetamine+treatment.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Z%3BSandberg%2C+J+A%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1996-10-31&rft.volume=801&rft.issue=&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic cocaine exposure throughout gestation in the rhesus monkey. Pregnancy outcomes and offspring behavior. AN - 78616385; 8959042 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Paule, M G AU - Gillam, M P AU - Binienda, Z AU - Morris, P AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/10/31/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Oct 31 SP - 301 EP - 309 VL - 801 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hair -- chemistry KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Cocaine -- analysis KW - Cocaine -- pharmacology KW - Cocaine -- administration & dosage KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78616385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Chronic+cocaine+exposure+throughout+gestation+in+the+rhesus+monkey.+Pregnancy+outcomes+and+offspring+behavior.&rft.au=Paule%2C+M+G%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BBinienda%2C+Z%3BMorris%2C+P&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-10-31&rft.volume=801&rft.issue=&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality study of workers employed in 1,3-butadiene production units identified from a large chemical workers cohort. AN - 78501351; 8901895 AB - The IARC has given the designations of "sufficient evidence" of carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in experimental animals and "limited evidence" of carcinogenicity in humans. To investigate the carcinogenic effect in humans, a cohort mortality study was conducted among 364 men who were assigned to any of three 1,3-butadiene production units located within several chemical plants in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia, including 277 men employed in a U.S. Rubber Reserve Plant which operated during World War II. The butadiene production units included in this study were selected from an index developed by the Union Carbide Corporation which listed for each chemical production unit within their South Charleston and Institute plants all products, by-products and reactants. Departments included in the study were those where butadiene was a primary product and neither benzene nor ethylene oxide was present. A total of 185 deaths were observed; the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes of death was 91, reflecting lower mortality among the study population than the U.S. population. The study found a significantly elevated standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma based on four observed cases (SMR = 577; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 157-1480), which persisted in an analysis using county referent rates. An excess of lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma among all workers and among workers with routine exposure to 1,3-butadiene was also observed in the only other cohort of 1,3-butadiene production workers previously studied. A statistically non-significant excess of stomach cancer was observed in the overall cohort (five cases; SMR = 243; CI = 79-568) that was most pronounced among workers employed in the Rubber Reserve plant for 2 or more years (five cases; SMR = 657; CI = 213-1530). We conclude that the results of this study add to the weight of evidence suggesting that butadiene is carcinogenic in humans. JF - Toxicology AU - Ward, E M AU - Fajen, J M AU - Ruder, A M AU - Rinsky, R A AU - Halperin, W E AU - Fessler-Flesch, C A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/10/28/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Oct 28 SP - 157 EP - 168 VL - 113 IS - 1-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Butadienes KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - 1,3-butadiene KW - JSD5FGP5VD KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Butadienes -- toxicity KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78501351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Mortality+study+of+workers+employed+in+1%2C3-butadiene+production+units+identified+from+a+large+chemical+workers+cohort.&rft.au=Ward%2C+E+M%3BFajen%2C+J+M%3BRuder%2C+A+M%3BRinsky%2C+R+A%3BHalperin%2C+W+E%3BFessler-Flesch%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-10-28&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lymphocyte mutant frequency in relation to DNA adduct formation in rats treated with tumorigenic doses of the mammary gland carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. AN - 78449441; 8876684 AB - The ability of the rat lymphocyte hprt assay to detect tissue-specific carcinogens was evaluated using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) administered under conditions that result in mammary gland tumors. Fifty-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were given single doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg DMBA by gavage, and the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) T-lymphocytes was measured over a period of 21 weeks. A time- and dose-dependent increase in mutant frequency was found, with a maximum frequency found 9-15 weeks after treatment with 20 mg/kg of DMBA. Rats were also dosed with 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg of DMBA and assayed for TGr mutant frequency 10 weeks after treatment. A significant linear dose-response was found, with all the DMBA doses resulting in significant increases in mutant frequency. To determine whether or not DMBA-induced mutants in rat lymphocytes reflected the DNA damage in the target tissue, rats were treated with 5 and 20 mg/kg of DMBA and spleen lymphocytes and mammary gland tissue were assayed for DNA adduct formation 1, 3 and 7 days later. A similar pattern of 32P- postlabeled adducts, involving both dG and dA nucleotides, was found in DNA from both the target tissue and the surrogate lymphocytes. Adduct formation was dose responsive in both tissues, with a 2.3- to 4-fold higher concentration in mammary gland as compared with lymphocytes. These results indicate that the rat lymphocyte hprt assay is sensitive to a mammary gland carcinogen and that similar types of DNA adducts are associated with both the lymphocyte mutants and the mammary gland tumors induced by DMBA. JF - Mutation research AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Culp, S J AU - Beland, F A AU - Heflich, R H AU - Aidoo, A AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. mmanjanatha@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1996/10/25/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Oct 25 SP - 89 EP - 96 VL - 357 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- drug effects KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78449441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Lymphocyte+mutant+frequency+in+relation+to+DNA+adduct+formation+in+rats+treated+with+tumorigenic+doses+of+the+mammary+gland+carcinogen+7%2C12-dimethylbenz%5Ba%5Danthracene.&rft.au=Manjanatha%2C+M+G%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BCulp%2C+S+J%3BBeland%2C+F+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BAidoo%2C+A&rft.aulast=Manjanatha&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-10-25&rft.volume=357&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A role for apoptosis in the toxicity and mutagenicity of bleomycin in AHH-1 tk+/- human lymphoblastoid cells. AN - 78448893; 8876690 AB - The chromosomal mutagen, bleomycin, is also noted for its toxic properties, although the mechanism of cell death is not fully understood. In order to determine if cell death occurred by apoptosis or necrosis, AHH-1 tk+/- cells were exposed to bleomycin and the percentage of viable, apoptotic and necrotic cells quantified by flow cytometry. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the primary manner of cell death was through the apoptosis pathways, that apoptosis was delayed, and that apoptosis was accompanied by an arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Once apoptosis was established as a mechanism for cell death, the efficiency with which these pathways removed damaged cells from the population was evaluated with the use of specific-locus mutation assays (tk and hprt) as indicators of cells with DNA damage that maintained viability and clonogenicity. Linear regression analysis detected a significant, concentration-dependent increase in the numbers of TFTr clones with the slow-growth phenotype. This suggests that a proportion of cells with bleomycin-induced DNA damage did not undergo cell death by apoptosis and that apoptosis, a mechanism for the destruction of damaged cells, is not fully efficient in the AHH-1 tk +/- cell line. JF - Mutation research AU - Morris, S M AU - Domon, O E AU - McGarrity, L J AU - Chen, J J AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Andrews, A M AU - Aidoo, A AU - Casciano, D A AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. smorris@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1996/10/25/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Oct 25 SP - 143 EP - 165 VL - 357 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 KW - Bleomycin KW - 11056-06-7 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis -- drug effects KW - B-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 -- metabolism KW - Thymidine Kinase -- metabolism KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Cell Line KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Bleomycin -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78448893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=A+role+for+apoptosis+in+the+toxicity+and+mutagenicity+of+bleomycin+in+AHH-1+tk%2B%2F-+human+lymphoblastoid+cells.&rft.au=Morris%2C+S+M%3BDomon%2C+O+E%3BMcGarrity%2C+L+J%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BManjanatha%2C+M+G%3BAndrews%2C+A+M%3BAidoo%2C+A%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-10-25&rft.volume=357&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for cell-surface association between fusin and the CD4-gp120 complex in human cell lines. AN - 78398249; 8849450 AB - Accessory cell-surface molecules involved in the entry of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 into cells have recently been identified and shown to belong to the family of chemokine receptors. Treatment of human cell lines with soluble monomeric gp120 at 37 degrees C induced an association between the surface CD4-gp120 complex and a 45-kilodalton protein, which can be down-modulated by the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The three proteins were coprecipitated from the cell membranes with antibodies to CD4 or to gp120. The 45-kilodalton protein comigrated with fusin on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels and reacted with rabbit antisera to fusin in protein immunoblots. No 45-kilodalton protein could be coprecipitated from similarly treated nonhuman cells. However, infection of 3T3.CD4.401 cells with vaccinia-fusin recombinant virus (vCBYF1), followed by gp120 treatment, resulted in coprecipitation of fusin and CD4.401 molecules from their membranes. Together these data provide evidence for physical association between fusin and the CD4-gp120 complex on cell membranes. JF - Science (New York, N.Y.) AU - Lapham, C K AU - Ouyang, J AU - Chandrasekhar, B AU - Nguyen, N Y AU - Dimitrov, D S AU - Golding, H AD - Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1996/10/25/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Oct 25 SP - 602 EP - 605 VL - 274 IS - 5287 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Antigens, CD4 KW - 0 KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Receptors, CXCR4 KW - Receptors, HIV KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Vaccinia virus -- genetics KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Animals KW - Immunoblotting KW - Humans KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mice KW - Precipitin Tests KW - Giant Cells KW - Molecular Weight KW - Vaccinia virus -- physiology KW - Membrane Fusion KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Cell Line KW - T-Lymphocytes KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- pharmacology KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- immunology KW - Receptors, HIV -- immunology KW - Membrane Proteins -- chemistry KW - Membrane Proteins -- metabolism KW - Membrane Proteins -- immunology KW - Receptors, HIV -- metabolism KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- metabolism KW - Receptors, HIV -- chemistry KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Antigens, CD4 -- immunology KW - Antigens, CD4 -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78398249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+cell-surface+association+between+fusin+and+the+CD4-gp120+complex+in+human+cell+lines.&rft.au=Lapham%2C+C+K%3BOuyang%2C+J%3BChandrasekhar%2C+B%3BNguyen%2C+N+Y%3BDimitrov%2C+D+S%3BGolding%2C+H&rft.aulast=Lapham&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-10-25&rft.volume=274&rft.issue=5287&rft.spage=602&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Science. 1996 Oct 25;274(5287):502 [8928003] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel acidic allergen, Hev b 5, in latex. Purification, cloning and characterization. AN - 78333737; 8810305 AB - Latex allergy is recognized as a serious health problem among health care workers and children with spina bifida. A number of IgE-reactive proteins have been identified in natural and processed latex products. One of the most acidic proteins in the cytoplasm of lacticifer cells of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) is demonstrated to be a potent allergen in eliciting allergic reactions in humans. This protein, with pI = 3.5, has a molecular mass of 16 kDa with a blocked N terminus and an unusual amino acid composition. This acidic protein was found in extracts prepared from latex gloves, which were shown to be allergenic. The purified protein elicits histamine release from human basophils passively sensitized with serum from latex-allergic individuals in a dose-dependent manner. From a latex cDNA library, the cDNA coding for this protein was isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence shows a high degree of homology to another acidic protein identified in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa). The sequence homology (47% sequence identity) between these two acidic proteins suggests a molecular explanation for the high frequency of fruit hypersensitivity in latex-allergic patients. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Akasawa, A AU - Hsieh, L S AU - Martin, B M AU - Liu, T AU - Lin, Y AD - Division of Allergenic Products and Parasitology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. Y1 - 1996/10/11/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Oct 11 SP - 25389 EP - 25393 VL - 271 IS - 41 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Plant KW - DNA Primers KW - Latex KW - Plant Proteins KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - allergen Hev b 5 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Recombinant Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Trees KW - Spinal Dysraphism KW - Humans KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Child KW - Dermatitis, Contact KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Histamine Release -- drug effects KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Immunization, Passive KW - Adult KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Health Personnel KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Fruit KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Latex -- adverse effects KW - Allergens -- chemistry KW - Latex -- immunology KW - Allergens -- pharmacology KW - Allergens -- biosynthesis KW - Latex -- chemistry KW - Basophils -- drug effects KW - Basophils -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78333737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=A+novel+acidic+allergen%2C+Hev+b+5%2C+in+latex.+Purification%2C+cloning+and+characterization.&rft.au=Akasawa%2C+A%3BHsieh%2C+L+S%3BMartin%2C+B+M%3BLiu%2C+T%3BLin%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Akasawa&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-10-11&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=41&rft.spage=25389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-19 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U51631; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of occupation and coronary heart disease: research agenda. AN - 85255441; pmid-8892556 AB - Little is known about occupational risks for coronary heart disease. A few specific toxins encountered occupationally are known to affect the heart, most prominently carbon disulfide, nitroglycerin, and carbon monoxide. Of these, carbon monoxide is the most common occupational exposure; it is also a common environmental exposure due to vehicle exhaust. Environmental tobacco smoke, noise, heat, and cold are suspected occupational risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In addition, stress at work may increase heart disease, although little is known conclusively with this regard. Unemployment may also increase risk of heart disease. Shift work, which disrupts circadian rhythms, has also been linked to heart disease, although there again, the data are far from conclusive. Physical activity at work, either too much or too little, can also be a risk factor for heart disease. While in general, more physical activity results in less heart disease, heavy lifting (in occupational and nonoccupational settings) has been associated with increased risk of heart attack. Further epidemiologic research into all these areas is warranted. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Steenland, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 495 EP - 499 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Carbon Disulfide KW - Heart Diseases KW - Unemployment KW - Human KW - Air Pollutants, Environmental KW - Stress KW - Toxins KW - Coronary Disease KW - Nitroglycerin KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Heat KW - Cold KW - Risk Factors KW - Motor Activity KW - Noise KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - Occupational Diseases KW - Research KW - Lifting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85255441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+occupation+and+coronary+heart+disease%3A+research+agenda.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality of workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate in the polyurethane foam industry. AN - 78576915; 8943836 AB - To evaluate cancer mortality among United States workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in the manufacture of polyurethane foam. This cohort mortality study included 4611 men and women employed in four polyurethane foam plants for at least three months between the late 1950s and 1987. The mortality experience of the cohort was then compared with that of the general United States population. Current and past industrial hygiene data indicated that air concentrations in 1984-5 were below the current United States standard of 0.04 mg/m3 but exceeded the standard before 1980. Mortality ratio (SMR) 2.78, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.57-8.13) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (SMR 1.54, 95% CI 0.42-3.95) were increased, but not significantly. There was one male breast cancer. However, breast cancer was not increased in women (SMR 0.74). No other cancer category had an increased number of deaths compared with the general population. Only non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease showed a possible relation with time since first employment and no cancer death category showed a strong relation with duration of employment. Mortality from non-malignant respiratory disease was not increased (SMR 0.86). This young cohort has few deaths and short follow up. The findings are therefore not conclusive. Further years of follow up will enable better evaluation of mortality. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Steenland, K AU - Egeland, G M AU - Boeniger, M AU - Egilman, D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 703 EP - 707 VL - 53 IS - 10 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate KW - 17X7AFZ1GH KW - Index Medicus KW - Rectal Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Breast Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin -- mortality KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Male KW - Female KW - Industry KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate -- analysis KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78576915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+of+workers+exposed+to+toluene+diisocyanate+in+the+polyurethane+foam+industry.&rft.au=Schnorr%2C+T+M%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BEgeland%2C+G+M%3BBoeniger%2C+M%3BEgilman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schnorr&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc R Soc Med. 1970 Apr;63(4):365-7 [5441965] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1980 Sep;6(3):221-6 [7010247] Toxicol Lett. 1983 Jan;15(1):71-81 [6301105] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1984 Mar;45(3):199-203 [6326561] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1984;14(5-6):621-39 [6520881] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Dec;50(12):1111-8 [8280642] Am J Ind Med. 1987;11(4):475-83 [3578300] J Occup Med. 1990 Nov;32(11):1091-8 [2258764] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Oct 1;136(7):855-62 [1442751] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Jun;50(6):528-36 [8329319] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Jun;50(6):537-43 [8392362] J Chromatogr. 1985 Apr 26;323(2):429-33 [2987281] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lithium and neuroleptics in combination: is there enhancement of neurotoxicity leading to permanent sequelae? AN - 78551528; 8930783 AB - Neurotoxicity in relation to concomitant administration of lithium and neuroleptic drugs, particularly haloperidol, has been an ongoing issue. This study examined whether use of lithium with neuroleptic drugs enhances neurotoxicity leading to permanent sequelae. The Spontaneous Reporting System database of the United States Food and Drug Administration and extant literature were reviewed for spectrum cases of lithium/neuroleptic neurotoxicity. Groups taking lithium alone (Li), lithium/haloperidol (LiHal) and lithium/ nonhaloperidol neuroleptics (LiNeuro), each paired for recovery and sequelae, were established for 237 cases. Statistical analyses included pairwise comparisons of lithium levels using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum procedure and logistic regression to analyze the relationship between independent variables and development of sequelae. The Li and Li-Neuro groups showed significant statistical differences in median lithium levels between recovery and sequelae pairs, whereas the LiHal pair did not differ significantly. Lithium level was associated with sequelae development overall and within the Li and LiNeuro groups; no such association was evident in the LiHal group. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, lithium level and taking lithium/haloperidol were significant factors in the development of sequelae, with multiple possibly confounding factors (e.g., age, sex) not statistically significant. Multivariable logistic regression analyses with neuroleptic dose as five discrete dose ranges or actual dose did not show an association between development of sequelae and dose. Database limitations notwithstanding, the lack of apparent impact of serum lithium level on the development of sequelae in patients treated with haloperidol contrasts notably with results in the Li and LiNeuro groups. These findings may suggest a possible effect of pharmacodynamic factors in lithium/neuroleptic combination therapy. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Goldman, S A AD - United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 951 EP - 962 VL - 36 IS - 10 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Antimanic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - Lithium Carbonate KW - 2BMD2GNA4V KW - Haloperidol KW - J6292F8L3D KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Drug Interactions KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Haloperidol -- adverse effects KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Antimanic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Lithium Carbonate -- adverse effects KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Haloperidol -- pharmacology KW - Haloperidol -- administration & dosage KW - Brain Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Antimanic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Antimanic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Lithium Carbonate -- pharmacology KW - Lithium Carbonate -- administration & dosage KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78551528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Lithium+and+neuroleptics+in+combination%3A+is+there+enhancement+of+neurotoxicity+leading+to+permanent+sequelae%3F&rft.au=Goldman%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Individual differences in dopamine release but not rotational behavior correlate with extracellular amphetamine levels in caudate putamen in unlesioned rats. AN - 78525503; 8912396 AB - It has been postulated that differences in pharmacokinetics do not contribute to the well-known individual variability in response to amphetamine (AMPH), but this is yet to be investigated thoroughly. Therefore, rotational behavior of outbred rats (Sprague-Dawley, 4 months old) was recorded during microdialysis sessions and striatal microdialysate was analyzed concomitantly for AMPH and dopamine concentrations after a single injection of 2.5 mg/kg AMPH SC. Three hours later these rats received three doses of 5 mg/kg AMPH SC (spaced 2 h apart) and their brain temperature was recorded every 20 min. The most important findings were: 1) the increase in extracellular dopamine was highly correlated with the corresponding peak AMPH levels in the microdialysate; 2) the peak dopamine level in response to 2.5 mg/kg AMPH was predictive of the hyperthermic response observed during 3 x 5 mg/kg AMPH and 3) high versus low rotators differed neither in their AMPH nor in their dopamine extracellular striatal concentrations. JF - Psychopharmacology AU - Clausing, P AU - Bloom, D AU - Newport, G D AU - Holson, R R AU - Slikker, W AU - Bowyer, J F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 187 EP - 194 VL - 127 IS - 3 SN - 0033-3158, 0033-3158 KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - Amphetamine KW - CK833KGX7E KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Male KW - Amphetamine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- pharmacology KW - Caudate Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- metabolism KW - Dopamine Agents -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Caudate Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Amphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine Agents -- metabolism KW - Amphetamine -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78525503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Individual+differences+in+dopamine+release+but+not+rotational+behavior+correlate+with+extracellular+amphetamine+levels+in+caudate+putamen+in+unlesioned+rats.&rft.au=Clausing%2C+P%3BBloom%2C+D%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BHolson%2C+R+R%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BBowyer%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Clausing&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology&rft.issn=00333158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a new series of fumonisins containing 3-hydroxypyridine. AN - 78508481; 8904846 AB - A new series of fumonisins, designated FP1-3, were isolated from a culture of Fusarium moniliforme (M-2285) grown on solid corn. The new compounds contain a 3-hydroxypyridinium moiety at the C-2 position of the eicosane backbone instead of the amine found in the B series of fumonisins. The new fumonisins were characterized by UV, LC-MS-MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. LC-MS analysis of culture extracts indicates that the new fumonisins can occur at levels up to approximately one-third the amount of their amine-containing analogues (FB1, FB2, and FB3). JF - Journal of natural products AU - Musser, S M AU - Gay, M L AU - Mazzola, E P AU - Plattner, R D AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. smm@fdacf.ssw.dhhs.gov Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 970 EP - 972 VL - 59 IS - 10 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Pyridines KW - fumonisin FP1 KW - fumonisin FP2 KW - fumonisin FP3 KW - 3-hydroxypyridine KW - 4KBE4P5B6S KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Mycotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Pyridines -- chemistry KW - Carboxylic Acids -- isolation & purification KW - Carboxylic Acids -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Pyridines -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78508481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+new+series+of+fumonisins+containing+3-hydroxypyridine.&rft.au=Musser%2C+S+M%3BGay%2C+M+L%3BMazzola%2C+E+P%3BPlattner%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Musser&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=970&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tryptophan produced by Showa Denko and epidemic eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. AN - 78489447; 8895184 AB - Evidence from an array of scientific studies strongly supports the conclusion that ingestion of products containing L-tryptophan (LT) produced by Showa Denko KK caused the 1989 epidemic of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) in the United State. In case-control studies of EMS, LT exposure was essentially universal among cases but rare among controls. Of 6 manufacturers of LT, only LT manufactured by Showa Denko KK was clearly associated with illness. The data meet other Hill criteria for inferring a causal relationship. Consistent findings were found in multiple independently conducted studies. There was a dose-response effect, with risk of illness increasing as a function of the amount of tryptophan consumed. The extremely small p values observed in the multiple independently conducted studies effectively rule out the possibility that the tryptophan-EMS association was the result of chance. Moreover, no potential confounding factor or bias explains the association. The incidence of EMS in the United States diminished abruptly once LT containing products were recalled. JF - The Journal of rheumatology. Supplement AU - Kilbourne, E M AU - Philen, R M AU - Kamb, M L AU - Falk, H AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 81 EP - 8; discussion 89-91 VL - 46 SN - 0380-0903, 0380-0903 KW - Tryptophan KW - 8DUH1N11BX KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Drug Industry KW - Tryptophan -- adverse effects KW - Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78489447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+rheumatology.+Supplement&rft.atitle=Tryptophan+produced+by+Showa+Denko+and+epidemic+eosinophilia-myalgia+syndrome.&rft.au=Kilbourne%2C+E+M%3BPhilen%2C+R+M%3BKamb%2C+M+L%3BFalk%2C+H&rft.aulast=Kilbourne&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+rheumatology.+Supplement&rft.issn=03800903&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-07 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: J Rheumatol Suppl. 1996 Oct;46:60-72 [8895182] J Rheumatol Suppl. 1996 Oct;46:44-58; discussion 58-9 [8895181] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - p53 abnormalities in hepatocellular carcinoma from United States patients: analysis of all 11 exons. AN - 78485574; 8895490 AB - Mutations of the tumor suppressor gene p53 have been found in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) from many countries where HCC is common, but p53 mutations detected by direct sequencing in HCCs from the United States (where HCC is uncommon) have been reported only rarely. p53 Exons 1 to 11 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and direct sequencing in HCCs from 12 patients from the United States and in adjacent non-tumorous liver from 10 of them. Abnormalities of the p53 gene were found in five of the 12 tumors, including mutations in exon 4 (one patient), exon 5 (one patient) and exon 8 (three patients). In all 12 tumors, a normal conformation of exon 7 was found; in five of these HCCs the absence of mutations was confirmed by direct sequencing. Thus, the mutations of p53 codon 249 that have frequently been found in HCCs from endemic areas apparently do not play a role in most HCCs in the United States. Since the mutations in codon 249 are thought to be due to aflatoxin ingestion, the data suggest that factors other than aflatoxin may be responsible for the p53 abnormalities in the patients from the USA. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Kazachkov, Y AU - Khaoustov, V AU - Yoffe, B AU - Solomon, H AU - Klintmalm, G B AU - Tabor, E AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA. Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 2207 EP - 2212 VL - 17 IS - 10 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Exons KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Point Mutation KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational KW - Male KW - Liver -- physiology KW - Female KW - Genes, p53 KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- genetics KW - Liver Neoplasms -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78485574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=p53+abnormalities+in+hepatocellular+carcinoma+from+United+States+patients%3A+analysis+of+all+11+exons.&rft.au=Kazachkov%2C+Y%3BKhaoustov%2C+V%3BYoffe%2C+B%3BSolomon%2C+H%3BKlintmalm%2C+G+B%3BTabor%2C+E&rft.aulast=Kazachkov&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory issues in pediatric psychopharmacology. AN - 78480538; 8885581 AB - Labeling claims for the effectiveness of drugs in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses in children and adolescents must be based on data from adequate and well-controlled investigations. The preferred design for demonstrating the effectiveness of a drug in pediatric psychopharmacology is generally a placebo-controlled trial. Safety information in labeling may be derived from more diverse sources. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has taken several steps to encourage more informative labeling of drugs for pediatric use, including a recent labeling initiative that emphasizes the possibility of extrapolating effectiveness data from adult studies to pediatric populations under appropriate circumstances. This recently finalized regulation requires pharmaceutical sponsors to reexamine existing data for their drugs to determine whether there is a sufficient basis for modifying labeling for pediatric use. Included in this new rule is a reminder that in certain situations the FDA may require new pediatric studies, thereby signaling the FDA's determination to improve labeling for the pediatric use of drugs. Improved preclinical models for predicting drug effects on growth and development, as well as improved clinical methods for detecting such changes, need to keep pace with the expansion of research in pediatric psychopharmacology. JF - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry AU - Laughren, T P AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 1276 EP - 1282 VL - 35 IS - 10 SN - 0890-8567, 0890-8567 KW - Psychotropic Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Treatment Outcome KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Drug Approval -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Mental Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Mental Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Psychotropic Drugs -- therapeutic use KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Mental Disorders -- psychology KW - Psychotropic Drugs -- adverse effects KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78480538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Child+and+Adolescent+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Regulatory+issues+in+pediatric+psychopharmacology.&rft.au=Laughren%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Laughren&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Child+and+Adolescent+Psychiatry&rft.issn=08908567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-27 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Worker exposures to nitrosamines in a rubber vehicle sealing plant. AN - 78433340; 8865601 AB - Occupational nitrosamine exposures were measured during a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) health hazard evaluation at a rubber vehicle sealing plant. All of the 28 personal breathing zone samples had detectable concentrations of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), nitrosodiethylamine, nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), and nitrosomorpholine; and 27 of the 28 samples had detectable concentrations of nitrosopyrrolidine. The NDMA exposures were the highest, ranging from 0.47 to 11.44 micrograms/m3. The next highest exposures were to NPIP, ranging from 0.20 to 4.39 micrograms/m3. Several general area air samples were also collected, which revealed concentrations of NDMA ranging from 2.29 to 88.47 micrograms/m3 at the drills along the salt bath lines. The salt bath curing process appears to be the primary source of nitrosamine formation, and personal exposures were highest for the salt bath line operators and assistant operators. Although there are no numerical occupational nitrosamine standards in the United States to reference, the exposures in this plant were much higher than the German standard of 1 micrograms/m3 total nitrosamines for general industry and 2.5 micrograms/m3 total nitrosamines for certain processes such as vulcanization. NIOSH investigators recommended that the ventilation systems be improved to reduce the exposures to the lowest feasible concentrations until the process can be redesigned so that nitrosamines are not formed. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Reh, B D AU - Fajen, J M AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 918 EP - 923 VL - 57 IS - 10 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Nitrosamines KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Ventilation KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Occupations KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78433340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Worker+exposures+to+nitrosamines+in+a+rubber+vehicle+sealing+plant.&rft.au=Reh%2C+B+D%3BFajen%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Reh&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=918&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a novel derivatization reagent for the sampling and analysis of total isocyanate group in air and comparison of its performance with that of several established reagents. AN - 78426846; 8865599 AB - Analytical reference standards generally are not available for non-monomeric isocyanate species, making accurate identification and quantitation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) difficult. A successful derivatizing reagent must react rapidly with all isocyanate groups, the derivatized isocyanate must be detectable selectively and at very low levels, and the detector used for quantitation must give a response proportional to the number of derivatized isocyanate groups present. A novel derivatizing reagent, 1-(9-anthracenylmethyl)piperazine (MAP), was prepared in an attempt to achieve these goals. Derivatives were prepared by reacting five mono- and difunctional isocyanates with MAP and three other established isocyanate derivatizing reagents. These reagents included 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MOPP),9-(methylaminomethyl)anthracene (MAMA), and tryptamine (TRYP). The relative reactivities of MAP, MOPP, TRYP, and MAMA with phenyl isocyanate were found to be 100, 88, 30, and 25, respectively. Average molar absorptivities at the absorbance maxima +/- compound-to-compound variabilities were, for MAP: 1.47 x 10(5) +/- 3.50%; MAMA: 1.38 x 10(5) +/- 7.07%: and TRYP: 3.98 x 10(4) +/- 13.1%. Average fluorescence responses were, for MAP: 100 +/- 32.6%; MAMA: 41.0 +/- 58.8%; and TRYP: 2.27 +/- 15.6%. A comparison of MAP and MOPP ureas by HPLC/ultraviolet (UV)/electrochemical (EC) gave average responses for UV, EC, and EC/UV for MAP: 117 +/- 7.3%, 52.1 +/- 6.6%, and 0.447 +/- 10.7%, respectively; for MOPP: 24.3 +/- 62.5%, 76.7 +/- 28.5%, and 4.28 +/- 59.1%, respectively. The favorable performance of MAP warrants its further study as a reagent for the determination of total isocyanate group in air. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Streicher, R P AU - Arnold, J E AU - Ernst, M K AU - Cooper, C V AD - Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 905 EP - 913 VL - 57 IS - 10 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - 1-(9-anthracenylmethyl)piperazine KW - 0 KW - 9-(methylaminomethyl)anthracene KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Anthracenes KW - Isocyanates KW - Piperazines KW - Tryptamines KW - 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine KW - 35386-24-4 KW - tryptamine KW - 422ZU9N5TV KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Isocyanates -- analysis KW - Isocyanates -- chemistry KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78426846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+novel+derivatization+reagent+for+the+sampling+and+analysis+of+total+isocyanate+group+in+air+and+comparison+of+its+performance+with+that+of+several+established+reagents.&rft.au=Streicher%2C+R+P%3BArnold%2C+J+E%3BErnst%2C+M+K%3BCooper%2C+C+V&rft.aulast=Streicher&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental causes of cancer among Native Americans. AN - 78382543; 8839579 AB - Age-adjusted mortality from cancer is steadily increasing among Native Americans, raising concern about environmental causes. Toxic waste dumps, mining activities, paper mills, military activities, agricultural chemicals, and urban pollution are common sources of carcinogen exposure on reservations and among the urban poor. Despite documented hazards, we do not see a pattern of cancer excess that might result if Native Americans were exposed to these carcinogens more than other Americans. Abuse of tobacco can be shown to be the most important contributor to cancer mortality among Native Americans. Although there are good reasons for environmental regulation and clean-up, the most cost-effective method of cancer prevention is tobacco control. JF - Cancer AU - Cobb, N AD - Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Indian Health Service, Albuquerque, NM 87110, USA. Y1 - 1996/10/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Oct 01 SP - 1603 EP - 1606 VL - 78 IS - 7 Suppl SN - 0008-543X, 0008-543X KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Alaska KW - Male KW - Female KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Inuits -- statistics & numerical data KW - Indians, North American -- statistics & numerical data KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Neoplasms -- ethnology KW - Environmental Pollution -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78382543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer&rft.atitle=Environmental+causes+of+cancer+among+Native+Americans.&rft.au=Cobb%2C+N&rft.aulast=Cobb&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=7+Suppl&rft.spage=1603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer&rft.issn=0008543X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-12 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. AN - 78363469; 8823390 AB - Musculoskeletal disorders are common in the United States. Although precise estimates are not available, most researchers agree that exposure to a combination of work place risk factors is a major contributor to these disorders. Along with personal factors (age, gender, etc.). Epidemiologic studies of workers have associated these disorders with many work-place physical and psychosocial factors. Specific physical factors associated with these disorders include intense, repeated, or sustained exertions, awkward, sustained, or extreme postures of the body, insufficient recovery time, vibration, and cold temperatures. Specific examples of work-place psychosocial factors include monotonous work, time pressure, high work load, lack of peer support, and a poor supervisor-employee relationship. JF - The Orthopedic clinics of North America AU - Hales, T R AU - Bernard, B P AD - Medical Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 679 EP - 709 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0030-5898, 0030-5898 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Wrist Joint KW - Neck Pain -- epidemiology KW - Shoulder Joint KW - Low Back Pain -- epidemiology KW - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Elbow Joint KW - Syndrome KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Tendinopathy -- epidemiology KW - Workplace KW - Vibration -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78363469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Orthopedic+clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+work-related+musculoskeletal+disorders.&rft.au=Hales%2C+T+R%3BBernard%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Hales&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Orthopedic+clinics+of+North+America&rft.issn=00305898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-29 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Indicators of Welfare Dependence and Well-Being. Interim Report to Congress. AN - 62248434; ED461676 AB - This report presents preliminary recommendations for indicators and predictors of dependence on income from means-tested assistance programs, such as Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Food Stamps, and Supplemental Security Income. It includes an assessment of the ability of existing data collection efforts to provide the data needed to report annually on the recommended indicators. Dependence is considered along a continuum from complete long-term dependence to total self-sufficiency, and the depth of dependence is explored through indicators of the duration of welfare receipt, the ratio of earnings to total income received from welfare, and the degree of participation in the labor force and training programs. As measures of well-being, indicators include health, education, poverty and income, and housing conditions. At the writing of this report, states were just beginning to implement the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (August 1996). For this reason, suggestions about the data needed for annual reports on indicators and predictors are only suggestions. The report recommends two types of indicators of dependence, those for self-sufficiency and family conditions, and others for child achievement, health, and well-being. To assure a complete and reliable assessment of dependence and well-being, it is recommended that indicators: (1) assess a broad array of outcomes, behaviors, and processes; (2) vary by age; (3) have the same meaning over time; (4) assess dispersion, duration, and risk; (5) include disaggregated data for subgroups; and (6) measure positive and negative aspects of well-being. Five appendixes provide supplemental information on families and state trends and discuss survey methodology. (Contains 24 tables, 23 appendix tables, 59 figures, and 147 references.) (SLD) Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 277 KW - Aid to Families with Dependent Children KW - Dependency (Economics) KW - Food Stamp Program KW - Indicators KW - Self Sufficiency KW - Supplemental Security Income Program KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Low Income Groups KW - Housing KW - Well Being KW - Training KW - Government Role KW - Welfare Services KW - Labor Force KW - Federal Government KW - Children KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Urban Areas KW - Welfare Recipients KW - Economically Disadvantaged KW - Data Collection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62248434?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Developed in consultation with the U.S. Department N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical Annotation of Tobacco Use in Patient Charts at Indian Health Service Clinics and Hospitals AN - 61587457; 199702966 AB - Chart data (N = 545 records) were collected from 22 American Indian Health Service (IHS) clinic sites to examine documentation of patient tobacco use. Findings indicate that documentation varied by IHS area: eg, no documentation in Albuquerque (NM), & Navajo & Phoenix (AZ); & 51% in OK. Dental providers had the best record for annotation. Suggestions are made for local tobacco documentation efforts. 4 Figures, 6 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Community Health AU - Reece, Donald H AD - Cancer Prevention & Control Program Indian Health Service Headquarters West, 5300 Homestead Rd NE Albuquerque NM 87110 Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - October 1996 SP - 389 EP - 396 VL - 21 IS - 5 SN - 0094-5145, 0094-5145 KW - tobacco use annotation, American Indian Health Service clinics/hospitals KW - chart data KW - Albuquerque (New Mexico), Navajo/Phoenix (Arizona), Oklahoma KW - American Indian Reservations KW - Health Services KW - Smoking KW - Oklahoma KW - Arizona KW - Clinics KW - New Mexico KW - Health Education KW - American Indians KW - Hospitals KW - article KW - 6140: social welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61587457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Community+Health&rft.atitle=Clinical+Annotation+of+Tobacco+Use+in+Patient+Charts+at+Indian+Health+Service+Clinics+and+Hospitals&rft.au=Reece%2C+Donald+H&rft.aulast=Reece&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Community+Health&rft.issn=00945145&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Smoking; Health Education; Health Services; Clinics; Hospitals; American Indian Reservations; American Indians; Arizona; Oklahoma; New Mexico ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The natural history of beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease. AN - 36362963; 201002-31-0247415 (CE); 11701759 (EN) AB - With the advent of in vitro immunologic testing, we can now detect exposed individuals who are sensitized to beryllium and those who have chronic beryllium disease (CBD) with lung pathology and impairment. Earlier detection and more accurate diagnostic tools raise new questions about the natural history of sensitization and granulomatous disease. Preliminary data suggest that early detection identifies people who are sensitized to beryllium and that these individuals are at risk for progressing into clinical disease. This article discusses the historical, recent, and ongoing studies germane to our understanding of CBD natural history, including the immunologic and inflammatory basis of the disease, the environmental and host risk factors for disease progression, biological markers of disease severity and activity that may help predict outcome, and the implications for broad-based workplace screening to identify patients at the earliest stages of beryllium sensitization and disease. Images Figure 1. A Figure 1. B Figure 1. C Figure 1. D JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Newman, L S AU - Lloyd, J AU - Daniloff, E AD - Departmet of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA. newmanl@njc.org PY - 1996 SP - 937 EP - 943 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Beryllium KW - Risk KW - Images KW - Markers KW - Ecological risk assessment KW - Pathology KW - Progressions KW - Workplaces KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36362963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+natural+history+of+beryllium+sensitization+and+chronic+beryllium+disease.&rft.au=Newman%2C+L+S%3BLloyd%2C+J%3BDaniloff%2C+E&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The NIEHS Predictive-Toxicology Evaluation Project. AN - 36360041; 201002-31-0247417 (CE); 11701761 (EN) AB - The Predictive-Toxicology Evaluation (PTE) project conducts collaborative experiments that subject the performance of predictive-toxicology (PT) methods to rigorous, objective evaluation in a uniquely informative manner. Sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, it takes advantage of the ongoing testing conducted by the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) to estimate the true error of models that have been applied to make prospective predictions on previously untested, noncongeneric-chemical substances. The PTE project first identifies a group of standardized NTP chemical bioassays either scheduled to be conducted or are ongoing, but not yet complete. The project then announces and advertises the evaluation experiment, disseminates information about the chemical bioassays, and encourages researchers from a wide variety of disciplines to publish their predictions in peer-reviewed journals, using whatever approaches and methods they feel are best. A collection of such papers is published in this Environmental Health Perspectives Supplement, providing readers the opportunity to compare and contrast PT approaches and models, within the context of their prospective application to an actual-use situation. This introduction to this collection of papers on predictive toxicology summarizes the predictions made and the final results obtained for the 44 chemical carcinogenesis bioassays of the first PTE experiment (PTE-1) and presents information that identifies the 30 chemical carcinogenesis bioassays of PTE-2, along with a table of prediction sets that have been published to date. It also provides background about the origin and goals of the PTE project, outlines the special challenge associated with estimating the true error of models that aspire to predict open-system behavior, and summarizes what has been learned to date. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bristol, D W AU - Wachsman, J T AU - Greenwell, A AD - Laboratory of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. bristol@niehs.nih.gov PY - 1996 SP - 1001 EP - 1010 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Bioassay KW - Health KW - Collection KW - Toxicology KW - Carcinogens KW - Errors KW - Tables (data) KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36360041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+NIEHS+Predictive-Toxicology+Evaluation+Project.&rft.au=Bristol%2C+D+W%3BWachsman%2C+J+T%3BGreenwell%2C+A&rft.aulast=Bristol&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1001&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical methods for the blood beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test. AN - 36356084; 201002-31-0247422 (CE); 11701766 (EN) AB - The blood beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) is a modification of the standard lymphocyte proliferation test that is used to identify persons who may have chronic beryllium disease. A major problem in the interpretation of BeLPT test results is outlying data values among the replicate well counts (approximately 7%). A long-linear regression model is used to describe the expected well counts for each set of Be exposure conditions, and the variance of the well counts is proportional to the square of the expected count. Two outlier-resistant regression methods are used to estimate stimulation indices (SIs) and the coefficient of variation. The first approach uses least absolute values (LAV) on the log of the well counts as a method for estimation; the second approach uses a resistant regression version of maximum quasi-likelihood estimation. A major advantage of these resistant methods is that they make it unnecessary to identify and delete outliers. These two new methods for the statistical analysis of the BeLPT data and the current outlier rejection method are applied to 173 BeLPT assays. We strongly recommend the LAV method for routine analysis of the BeLPT. Outliers are important when trying to identify individuals with beryllium hypersensitivity, since these individuals typically have large positive SI values. A new method for identifying large Sls using combined data from the nonexposed group and the beryllium workers is proposed. The log(SI)s are described with a Gaussian distribution with location and scale parameters estimated using resistant methods. This approach is applied to the test data and results are compared with those obtained from the current method. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Frome, E L AU - Smith, M H AU - Littlefield, L G AU - Neubert, R L AU - Colyer, S P AD - Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee 37831-6367, USA. fromeel@ornl.gov PY - 1996 SP - 957 EP - 968 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Beryllium KW - Counting KW - Regression KW - Lymphocytes KW - Blood KW - Statistical methods KW - Position (location) KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36356084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Statistical+methods+for+the+blood+beryllium+lymphocyte+proliferation+test.&rft.au=Frome%2C+E+L%3BSmith%2C+M+H%3BLittlefield%2C+L+G%3BNeubert%2C+R+L%3BColyer%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Frome&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=957&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction of rodent carcinogenicity of further 30 chemicals bioassayed by the U.S. National Toxicology Program. AN - 36344027; 201002-31-0247420 (CE); 11701764 (EN) AB - Recently the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) sponsored a comparative exercise in which different prediction approaches (both biologically and chemically based) were challenged for their predictive abilities of rodent carcinogenicity of a common set of chemicals. The exercise enjoyed remarkable scientific success and stimulated NTP to sponsor a second challenging round of tests, inviting participants to present predictions relative to the rodent carcinogenicity of a further 30 chemicals; these are currently being tested. In this article, we present our predictions based on structure-activity relationship considerations. In our procedure, first each chemical was assigned to an activity mechanism class and then, with semiquantitative considerations, was assigned a probability carcinogenicity score, taking into account simultaneously the hypothesized action mechanism and physical chemical parameters. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Benigni, R AU - Andreoli, C AU - Zito, R AD - Laboratory of Comparative Toxicology and Ecotoxicology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy PY - 1996 SP - 1041 EP - 1044 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Rodents KW - Toxicology KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36344027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Prediction+of+rodent+carcinogenicity+of+further+30+chemicals+bioassayed+by+the+U.S.+National+Toxicology+Program.&rft.au=Benigni%2C+R%3BAndreoli%2C+C%3BZito%2C+R&rft.aulast=Benigni&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1041&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-PAHs and related environmental compounds: biological markers of exposure and effects. AN - 36342989; 201002-31-0247416 (CE); 11701760 (EN) AB - Lung cancer caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-PAHs and related environmental agents is a major problem in industrialized nations. The high case-fatality rate of the disease, even with the best supportive treatment, underscores the importance of primary lung cancer prevention. Development of biomarkers of exposure and effects to PAHs and related compounds is now underway and includes measurement of urinary metabolites of specific PAHs as well as detection of protein and DNA adducts as indicators of effective dose. Validation of these markers in terms of total environmental dose requires that concurrent measures of air levels and potential dermal exposure be made. In addition, the interrelationships between PAH biomarkers must be determined, particularly when levels of the marker in surrogate molecules (e.g., protein) or markers from surrogate tissues (e.g., lymphocyte DNA) are used to assess the risk to the target organ, the lung. Two approaches to biomarker studies will be reviewed in this article: the progress made using blood lymphocytes as surrogates for lung tissues and the progress made developing noninvasive markers of carcinogen-DNA adduct levels in lung-derived cells available in bronchial-alveolar lavage and in sputum. Data are presented from studies in which exfoliated urothelial cells were used as a surrogate tissue to assess exposure to human urinary bladder carcinogens in occupational groups. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Talaska, G AU - Underwood, P AU - Maier, A AU - Lewtas, J AU - Rothman, N AU - Jaeger, M AD - Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Ohio 45267-0056, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 901 EP - 906 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Polyallylamine hydrochloride KW - Markers KW - Lungs KW - Carcinogens KW - Adducts KW - Cancer KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36342989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+%28PAHs%29%2C+nitro-PAHs+and+related+environmental+compounds%3A+biological+markers+of+exposure+and+effects.&rft.au=Talaska%2C+G%3BUnderwood%2C+P%3BMaier%2C+A%3BLewtas%2C+J%3BRothman%2C+N%3BJaeger%2C+M&rft.aulast=Talaska&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A moral history of the evolution of a caste of workers. AN - 36341265; 201002-31-0247421 (CE); 11701765 (EN) AB - Using a dialectic method of philosophic inquiry, the actual ethical, legal, and social situation associated with genetic testing of beryllium-exposed workers in Department of Energy nuclear weapons facilities for markers of chronic beryllium disease is described. The cultural evolution of a caste system in a similar situation, and its social and biological implications, among uranium miners in the Erz Gebirge of Central Europe and on the Colorado Plateau of the United States, marked by suicide and lung disease, including cancer, is also described. The historically persistent social disease resulting from these situations. The Masada Syndrome, named from an analogous situation in biblical times, is characterized. Cultural intervention, a necessary condition for the ethical progression of the Human Genome Project, is outlined. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Samuels, S W AD - Ramazzini Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health Research, Solomons Island, MD 20688, USA. ramazzini@cbl.cees.edu PY - 1996 SP - 991 EP - 998 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Ethics KW - Evolution KW - Genomes KW - Energy (nuclear) KW - Silicides KW - Biological KW - Markers KW - Genetics KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36341265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+moral+history+of+the+evolution+of+a+caste+of+workers.&rft.au=Samuels%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Samuels&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prediction of rodent carcinogenicity using the DEREK system for 30 chemicals currently being tested by the National Toxicology Program. The DEREK Collaborative Group. AN - 36341213; 201002-31-0247418 (CE); 11701762 (EN) AB - DEREK is a knowledge-based expert system for the qualitative prediction of toxicity. The DEREK system has been used to predict the carcinogenicity in rodents of the 30 chemicals in the second National Toxicology Program (NTP) carcinogenicity prediction exercise. Seven of the chemicals were predicted to be carcinogens. For 23 chemicals, there was no evidence in the DEREK knowledge base to suggest carcinogenic activity. Supplementary data from a variety of sources have been evaluated by human experts to assess confidence in each DEREK prediction. These sources included standard toxicology reference texts, genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity assay results for each chemical, as well as Salmonella mutagenicity and carcinogenicity data for close structural analogues. This process has led to the proposal of a number of improvements to the DEREK carcinogenicity knowledge base. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Marchant, C A AD - LHASA UK, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, United Kingdom carol@mi.leeds.ac.uk PY - 1996 SP - 1065 EP - 1073 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Knowledge bases (artificial intelligence) KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Toxicology KW - Toxicity KW - Carcinogens KW - Rodents KW - Proposals KW - Texts KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36341213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Prediction+of+rodent+carcinogenicity+using+the+DEREK+system+for+30+chemicals+currently+being+tested+by+the+National+Toxicology+Program.+The+DEREK+Collaborative+Group.&rft.au=Marchant%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Marchant&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1065&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protein adduct biomarkers: state of the art. AN - 36335634; 201002-31-0247423 (CE); 11701767 (EN) AB - Covalent protein adducts formed after exposure to xenobiotics may provide readily measurable indicators of these exposures. After adequate characterization of the dose-dependent formation of a specific adduct, the adduct can often be used as a quantitative marker for exposure, DNA adduct formation, or, possibly, risk of disease. By elucidating the structure of an adduct and studying the conditions under which it forms, information about the reactions that lead to its formation can be obtained. Continuing work in this area includes methods to expand the number, types, and levels of chemical exposures that can be studied by covalent adduct formation. In addition to the use of this technology in the field of occupational health, basic research in this area provides insights into metabolic pathways and biochemistry, as well. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Meyer, M J AU - Bechtold, W E AD - Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87115, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 879 EP - 882 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Adducts KW - Covalence KW - Proteins KW - Markers KW - Biochemistry KW - State of the art KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36335634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Protein+adduct+biomarkers%3A+state+of+the+art.&rft.au=Meyer%2C+M+J%3BBechtold%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=879&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytokine production by bronchoalveolar lavage cells in chronic beryllium disease. AN - 36332205; 201002-31-0247419 (CE); 11701763 (EN) AB - Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) begins as a sensitizing cell-mediated immune response to beryllium antigen that progresses to granulomatous lung disease. Previous studies demonstrated the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in the disease process, but the pattern and regulation of cytokine release is unknown. Using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from CBD patients in short-term tissue culture, we evaluated cytokine protein levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and T-lymphocyte proliferation by tritiated thymidine incorporation. We observed the beryllium-stimulated release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) but not interleukin-4 (IL-4). Beryllium-stimulated IFN-gamma release was sustained to 168 hr in culture, whereas IL-2 concentrations returned to baseline after 24 hr. Neutralization of IL-2 decreased beryllium-stimulated T-lymphocyte proliferation, but the level of proliferation remained elevated in comparison to unstimulated BAL cells. These data suggest that T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes participate in the beryllium disease process; that IFN-gamma levels remain elevated after IL-2 levels return to baseline; and that IL-2 participates directly in beryllium-stimulated T-cell proliferation, but other T-lymphocyte mitogenic cytokines may be involved. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tinkle, S S AU - Schwitters, P W AU - Newman, L S AD - Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA. tinkles@njc.org PY - 1996 SP - 969 EP - 971 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cytokines KW - Beryllium KW - Culture KW - Elevated KW - Bronchoalveolar lavage KW - Lymphocytes KW - Control KW - Antigens KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36332205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cytokine+production+by+bronchoalveolar+lavage+cells+in+chronic+beryllium+disease.&rft.au=Tinkle%2C+S+S%3BSchwitters%2C+P+W%3BNewman%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Tinkle&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=969&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multicomponent criteria for predicting carcinogenicity: dataset of 30 NTP chemicals. AN - 36327786; 201002-31-0247414 (CE); 11701758 (EN) AB - This article is in response to the challenge issued to the scientific community by the National Toxicology Program to predict the carcinogenicity potential of 30 chemicals previously selected for long-term carcinogenicity testing. Utilizing the available toxicologic, genetic, and structural information on 30 chemicals previously selected for long-term carcinogenicity testing, we predict that 16 chemicals (53%) would induce some indication of carcinogenic activity in rodents; we further predict that 10 chemicals (33%) would be associated with weak or equivocal carcinogenic responses, and another 4 (13%) would give no indication of carcinogenicity. Our level of certainty is indicated for many of these predictions. Nonetheless, we believe that most instances of guessing whether a chemical would eventually induce cancer in experimental animals and hence represent a carcinogenic hazard to humans are fraught with considerable uncertainty: uncertainty that can only be relieved by long-term testing for carcinogenicity in animals or by conducting an epidemiologic investigation of exposed individuals or groups. We further believe that the day may come when our predictive acumen will be upgraded to such an extent that we might eventually obviate cancer testing. Until then, and in the best interests of public health, however, we urge long term testing of chemicals in animals be continued, at increased pace. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Huff, J AU - Weisburger, E AU - Fung, V A AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. huff1@niehs.nih.gov PY - 1996 SP - 1105 EP - 1112 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Carcinogens KW - Animals KW - Indication KW - Cancer KW - Uncertainty KW - Epidemiology KW - Criteria KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36327786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Multicomponent+criteria+for+predicting+carcinogenicity%3A+dataset+of+30+NTP+chemicals.&rft.au=Huff%2C+J%3BWeisburger%2C+E%3BFung%2C+V+A&rft.aulast=Huff&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of in vitro skin penetration data and a physiologically based model to predict in vivo blood levels of benzoic acid AN - 16055462; 4103525 AB - A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB PK) model was developed to predict plasma levels of benzoic acid (BA) in the hairless guinea pig after topical exposure at three finite dose levels. The PB PK model consisted of four compartments: (1) rapidly perfused tissues; (2) slowly perfused tissues; (3) liver, representing the route of elimination of BA from the plasma after biotransformation to hippuric acid; and (4) plasma. The predictive capacity of the PB PK model was assessed by comparing plasma BA levels measured experimentally with those predicted by the model. The percutaneous absorption of finite doses of BA in the model was described by a transdermal input function, which was derived from in vitro percutaneous absorption studies in which viable hairless guinea pig skin in flow-through diffusion cells was exposed to BA. Physiological parameters used in the model were calculated from previously published values. Biochemical parameters, including partition coefficients and metabolic constants, were measured experimentally in vitro. The PB PK model predictions were generally in good agreement with measured plasma levels for each of the dose levels studied. The predicted plasma BA levels and the measured values were closer for the highest dose (120 mu g/cm super(2)) than for either of the other two doses used (12 and 40 mu g/cm super(2)). The effects of optimizing the metabolic constants and the transdermal input function parameters on the predicted curve shape and fit to that of the measured plasma BA levels were assessed. Varying the transdermal input parameters produced closer agreement between predicted and measured values. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Macpherson, SE AU - Barton, C N AU - Bronaugh, R L AD - Cosmetics Toxicology Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 436 EP - 443 VL - 140 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - in vitro KW - pharmacokinetics KW - absorption KW - blood levels KW - benzoic acid KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - models KW - liver KW - skin KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16055462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Use+of+in+vitro+skin+penetration+data+and+a+physiologically+based+model+to+predict+in+vivo+blood+levels+of+benzoic+acid&rft.au=Macpherson%2C+SE%3BBarton%2C+C+N%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Macpherson&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - models; skin; liver ER - TY - CONF T1 - A case study: Harmonization of veterinary drug maximum residue levels between the U.S. and Canada AN - 15813373; 4001763 AB - The Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Canada (FTA) went into effect January 1, 1989. To implement certain provisions of the agreement on technical regulations and standards, the United States Center for Veterinary Medicine, the Canadian Bureau of Veterinary Drugs, and Agriculture Canada established the Working Group on Veterinary Drug Tolerances. The primary charges to the Working Group on Veterinary Drug Tolerances were (1) to harmonize the procedures used for evaluating new animal drugs, performing risk assessments and calculating tolerances, and (2) to harmonize the tolerances (or maximum residue levels, MRLs) for approved drugs, with the goal of having the same tolerances in each country. The first of these charges was met early in the negotiations. Both the US and Canada will use a 6-step evaluation procedure for the human food safety evaluation of new animal drugs. On September 29, 1990, Canada published a list of MRLs for 38 drugs that had been harmonized through the FTA. The progress of the working group and its continuing efforts to harmonize tolerances for approximately 15 other veterinary drugs will be discussed. This paper proposes use of the toxicologically determined acceptable daily intake (ADI) for the drug as the safety standard for reaching conclusions on the acceptability of residues in meat for human consumption. Specifically, the `equivalence' of different MRLs for the same veterinary drug would be determined by considering whether they are likely to result in dietary residues that exceed the other country's ADI for the drug. Estimates are made for the veterinary drugs lasalocid and halofuginone hydrobromide. Based on these estimates, the US and Canadian MRLs for each drug would be considered `equivalent' for trade purposes. JF - Journal of the American College of Toxicology AU - Brynes, S D AU - Teske, R H Y1 - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DA - Oct 1996 SP - 436 EP - 444 VL - 15 IS - 5 KW - standardization KW - lasalocid KW - halofuginone hydrobromide KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - residues KW - veterinary medicine KW - drugs KW - standards KW - USA KW - Canada KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15813373?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=A+case+study%3A+Harmonization+of+veterinary+drug+maximum+residue+levels+between+the+U.S.+and+Canada&rft.au=Brynes%2C+S+D%3BTeske%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Brynes&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=436&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=07300913&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat shock proteins protect cultured fibroblasts from the cytotoxic effects of MPP+. AN - 78505895; 8905168 AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the cytotoxic metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), has been shown to be toxic to a variety of cell types in culture. The addition of media containing 1 mM MPP+ to cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblasts led to the gradual depletion of cellular ATP stores and subsequent cell death. A 12-min heat shock of the cells at 45 degrees C, 3 h prior to the addition of MPP(+)-containing media, significantly attenuated cell death. Heat shock pretreatment led to an increased synthesis of all the major heat shock proteins (HSPs) in CHO cells. Further, the addition of the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, prevented the protective effect of heat shock pretreatment, indicating that this protection was dependent upon new protein synthesis. In additional experiments, a rat fibroblast cell line which has been stably transfected with, and constitutively expresses a cloned human HSP-70 gene, was found to be more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of MPP+ than the parental fibroblast cell line. These results indicate that HSPs are protective toward the deleterious effects of MPP+ and that their synthesis represents an important parameter in the neurotoxicity of MPTP. JF - Brain research AU - Freyaldenhoven, T E AU - Ali, S F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1996/09/30/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Sep 30 SP - 42 EP - 49 VL - 735 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Cytotoxins KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Cycloheximide KW - 98600C0908 KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium KW - R865A5OY8J KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Immunoblotting KW - Animals KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - CHO Cells -- physiology KW - Humans KW - Cycloheximide -- pharmacology KW - CHO Cells -- drug effects KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Cytotoxins -- pharmacology KW - CHO Cells -- chemistry KW - Cricetinae KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- analysis KW - Fibroblasts -- drug effects KW - Fibroblasts -- chemistry KW - Dopamine Agents -- pharmacology KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- physiology KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Fibroblasts -- cytology KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78505895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Heat+shock+proteins+protect+cultured+fibroblasts+from+the+cytotoxic+effects+of+MPP%2B.&rft.au=Freyaldenhoven%2C+T+E%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Freyaldenhoven&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-09-30&rft.volume=735&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-11 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Draft Public Health Service Guideline on Infectious Disease Issues in Xenotransplantation (August 1996); notice. AN - 77900212; 11645324 JF - Federal register AU - U.S. Public Health Service AD - U.S. Public Health Service Y1 - 1996/09/23/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Sep 23 SP - 49919 EP - 49932 VL - 61 IS - 185 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Bioethics KW - Health Care and Public Health KW - Public Health Service KW - Legal Approach KW - United States KW - Health Facilities KW - Animals KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Humans KW - Animal Care Committees KW - Records as Topic KW - Research Subjects KW - Federal Government KW - Public Policy KW - Tissue Banks KW - Registries KW - Public Health KW - Government KW - Animal Welfare KW - Ethics KW - Human Experimentation KW - Databases, Factual KW - Ethical Review KW - Health Personnel KW - Informed Consent KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Risk KW - United States Public Health Service KW - Government Regulation KW - Social Control, Formal KW - Reference Standards KW - Transplantation, Heterologous KW - Infection Control KW - Organ Transplantation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77900212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Draft+Public+Health+Service+Guideline+on+Infectious+Disease+Issues+in+Xenotransplantation+%28August+1996%29%3B+notice.&rft.au=U.S.+Public+Health+Service&rft.aulast=U.S.+Public+Health+Service&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-09-23&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=185&rft.spage=49919&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-10-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food and Drug Administration Workshop on Indirect Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis AN - 867746944; 13645769 AB - A workshop sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was held on March 4-5, 1996, at the Lister Hill Auditorium of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Campus in Bethesda, Maryland. The workshop considered both the scientific aspects and the regulatory implications of indirect-acting carcinogens. A wide variety of agents and of prospective mechanisms was discussed. The organizing committee for the workshop consisted of Drs. James Farrelly and Joseph DeGeorge of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Ronald J. Lorentzen and Sidney Green of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Martin D. Green of the Center for Biologics, Evaluation and Research (CBER), C. Darnell Jackson and Lionel A. Poirier of the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), Rosalie K. Elespuru of the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), and David G. Longfellow of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Following an introduction by Dr. Poirier, who provided a description of indirect carcinogens, the major talks were grouped into three formal sessions: indirect-acting compounds and agents of FDA interest, biological and biochemical endpoints commonly seen with indirect agents, and specific problems associated with the indirect-acting compounds. A panel discussion followed and the concluding remarks were made by Dr. Bernard A. Schwetz, Associate Commissioner for Science, FDA. JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Poirier, Lionel A AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, lpoirier@NCTR.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 659 EP - 661 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Conferences KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Drug development KW - Carcinogens KW - Nutrition KW - X 24300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/867746944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Food+and+Drug+Administration+Workshop+on+Indirect+Mechanisms+of+Carcinogenesis&rft.au=Poirier%2C+Lionel+A&rft.aulast=Poirier&rft.aufirst=Lionel&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339602400526 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conferences; Carcinogenesis; Drug development; Carcinogens; Nutrition DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339602400526 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiographic and pathologic correlation of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. AN - 85270414; pmid-8810614 AB - The relationships between chest radiographs (CXR) and corresponding pathology were investigated in 430 autopsied coal miners from West Virginia. Whole-lung sections were reviewed and graded on four-point severity scales for the following lesions of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP): macules, micro- and macronodules (small and large fibrotic nodules), and progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). Antemortem CXR were classified by three B readers using the 1971 International Labor Office (ILO) U/C classification (6). On pathologic examination, 96% of miners had macules, 70% micronodules, 45% macronodules, 15% silicosis, and 28% PMF. By CXR, 69% of the miners had small, rounded opacity profusions of category > or = 0/1. Data analysis revealed increasing odds that small opacities of category > or = 0/1 would be detected with increasing grade of nodules. Profusion category 0/0 was often reported for cases with macules of mild to moderate grade and mild levels of micronodules. Overall, q-type opacities were associated with macules and micronodules, whereas the large r-type opacities were associated with macronodules. By CXR, large opacities showed good correlation with pathologic PMF. However, about one-third of cases identified as having large opacities by CXR were not substantiated as PMF by pathology. One-fourth of these cases could be explained by lung lesions such as Caplan's nodules, tuberculosis scars, and tumors. Similarly, 22% of cases classified as PMF on pathology had no large opacities by CXR. In half of these cases, the radiologists had noted other abnormalities (cancer, tuberculosis) by CXR as large opacities. Overall, the study showed good agreement (Somer's d = 0.64) between the predicted probabilities and observed responses of a profusion category > or = 0/1 for pathologic CWP lesions. However, the study also showed that CXR were insensitive for detecting minimal CWP lesions, and were unreliable indicators in the presence of concomitant pulmonary pathology. JF - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Brower, P S AU - Green, F H AU - Attfield, M D AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 741 EP - 748 VL - 154 IS - 3 Pt 1 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Regression Analysis KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Human KW - Adult KW - Pneumoconiosis KW - Aged KW - Middle Age KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Male KW - Coal Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85270414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=Radiographic+and+pathologic+correlation+of+coal+workers%27+pneumoconiosis.&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V%3BBrower%2C+P+S%3BGreen%2C+F+H%3BAttfield%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=3+Pt+1&rft.spage=741&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Respiratory+and+Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cyclophosphamide and 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide/aldophosphamide kinetics in patients receiving high-dose cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. AN - 78765307; 9816324 AB - Using a recently developed gas chromatography and mass spectrometry method to determine whole-blood cyclophosphamide (CP) and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide/aldophosphamide (4-HO-CP/AP) concentrations, we investigated their pharmacokinetics in women receiving CP therapy. Patients (n = 18) received one or two courses of CP: (a) a 90-min i.v. infusion (4 g/m2) followed by a 96-h i.v. infusion (6 g/m2) in combination with high-dose thiotepa; or (b) a 96-h i.v. infusion (6 g/m2) in combination with high-dose thiotepa. Whole-blood exposures to CP [area under the whole blood concentration versus time curve (AUCCP)] and 4-HO-CP/AP (AUC4HOCP) between courses 1 and 2 were compared after normalization to dose (g/m2). A nonproportional increase was observed for the AUCCP between the first course [1112 micrometer. h/g/m2 +/- 14% coefficient of variation (CV)] and the second course (1579 micrometer . h/g/m2 +/- 28% CV) (P < 0.001). In contrast, the AUC4HOCP (27 micrometer . h/g/m2 +/- 25% CV) determined for the first course was 29% higher than the AUC4HOCP (21 micrometer . h/g/m2 +/- 26% CV) for the second course (P < 0.01). The interpatient whole-blood exposures to both CP and 4-HO-CP/AP were remarkably consistent in this patient population with percent CVs ranging from 14 to 28%. Because thiotepa (800 mg/m2) was administered simultaneously with CP during the second course of treatment, possible inhibition of CP metabolism by thiotepa was investigated using human liver microsomes in vitro. IC50 values determined for inhibition of CP metabolism in three individual liver donors ranged from 1.0 to 40 micrometer. However, the clinical relevance of this observation has not been established. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Anderson, L W AU - Chen, T L AU - Colvin, O M AU - Grochow, L B AU - Collins, J M AU - Kennedy, M J AU - Strong, J M AD - Division of Clinical Pharmacology Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, OTR, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 1481 EP - 1487 VL - 2 IS - 9 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating KW - 0 KW - Phosphoramide Mustards KW - 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide KW - 1XBF4E50HS KW - aldophosphamide KW - 35144-64-0 KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - Thiotepa KW - 905Z5W3GKH KW - Index Medicus KW - Thiotepa -- pharmacology KW - Drug Interactions KW - Area Under Curve KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Thiotepa -- administration & dosage KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Cyclophosphamide -- administration & dosage KW - Breast Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Cyclophosphamide -- analogs & derivatives KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating -- pharmacokinetics KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating -- blood KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating -- administration & dosage KW - Phosphoramide Mustards -- blood KW - Cyclophosphamide -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cyclophosphamide -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78765307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Cyclophosphamide+and+4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide%2Faldophosphamide+kinetics+in+patients+receiving+high-dose+cyclophosphamide+chemotherapy.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+L+W%3BChen%2C+T+L%3BColvin%2C+O+M%3BGrochow%2C+L+B%3BCollins%2C+J+M%3BKennedy%2C+M+J%3BStrong%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1999-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bone densitometry: patients receiving prolonged steroid therapy. AN - 78704061; 9059877 AB - Bone mass loss and osteoporosis are associated with various conditions, such as asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism, and treatments, such as prolonged steroid therapy. Bone densitometry is used to measure bone mass density to determine the degree of osteoporosis and to estimate fracture risk. Bone densitometers measure the radiation absorption by the skeleton to determine bone mass of the peripheral, axial, and total skeleton. Common techniques include single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) of the forearm and heel, dual-photon (DPA) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the spine and hip, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) of the spine or forearm, and radiographic absorptiometry (RA) of the hand. Part I of this report addresses important technical considerations of bone densitometers, including radiation dose, site selection, and accuracy and precision, as well as cost and charges. Part II evaluates the clinical utility of bone densitometry in the management of patients receiving prolonged steroid therapy. Steroids have broad effects on both immune and inflammatory processes and have been used to treat a wide variety of immunologically mediated diseases. Osteoporosis and vertebral compression fractures have been considered major complications of prolonged steroid therapy. Bone loss is also a direct result of many of the diseases treated with steroids. Issues addressed are the type and extent of bone loss associated with steroid therapy, risk for fracture, whether steroid dose reduction or alternative therapy is an option, and whether osteoporosis associated with prolonged steroid use can be prevented or treated. The other assessments in this series address the clinical utility of bone densitometry for patients with: asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism, end-stage renal disease, vertebral abnormalities, and estrogen-deficient women. JF - Health technology assessment AU - Erlichman, M AU - Holohan, T V AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - i EP - vi, 1-31 IS - 9 KW - Steroids KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed KW - Technology Assessment, Biomedical KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Radionuclide Imaging KW - Steroids -- adverse effects KW - Bone Density KW - Fractures, Bone -- chemically induced KW - Fractures, Bone -- diagnostic imaging KW - Absorptiometry, Photon -- standards KW - Osteoporosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Osteoporosis -- chemically induced KW - Absorptiometry, Photon -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78704061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+technology+assessment&rft.atitle=Bone+densitometry%3A+patients+receiving+prolonged+steroid+therapy.&rft.au=Erlichman%2C+M%3BHolohan%2C+T+V&rft.aulast=Erlichman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=i&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+technology+assessment&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurophysiological and neuropathological evaluation of primates exposed to ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. AN - 78656753; 8989846 AB - Over 500,000 workers in the United States are exposed to ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. These two solvents are used as chemical intermediates, as well as components in the manufacture of fumigants and food preparation. The neurophysiologic and neuropathologic effects of these two organic oxides were investigated in five groups of 12 primates after exposure to 50 or 100 ppm ethylene oxide, 100 or 300 ppm propylene oxide, or no chemical (sham-exposed). Animals were exposed for 7 h/day, 5 days/wk for 24 months. Body weights, electroencephalograms, and motor nerve conduction velocities of the sciatic and ulnar nerves were assessed six times throughout the exposure period. Although the monkeys exposed to 100 ppm ethylene oxide had significantly lower mean weights, nerve conduction velocities did not differ significantly among the groups. Following termination of exposures, ten animals (two from each exposure group) were sacrificed for neuropathological examinations. Multiple axonal bodies were found in the nucleus gracilis in seven of eight oxide-exposed animals, and demyelination was found in two monkeys exposed to ethylene oxide. In contrast, a single axonal body was found in one of the two sham-control monkeys. However, the lack of a dose-response relationship suggests that this effect may not be related to oxide exposure. In a follow-up study, nerve conduction velocity and neuropathology were assessed in the remaining monkeys seven years after exposure terminated, but again, treatment-related effects could not be detected. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Setzer, J V AU - Brightwell, W S AU - Russo, J M AU - Johnson, B L AU - Lynch, D W AU - Madden, G AU - Burg, J R AU - Sprinz, H AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 667 EP - 682 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Epoxy Compounds KW - 0 KW - Myelin Proteins KW - Ethylene Oxide KW - JJH7GNN18P KW - propylene oxide KW - Y4Y7NYD4BK KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Macaca fascicularis KW - Electric Conductivity KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Food Handling KW - Action Potentials -- drug effects KW - Fumigation KW - Tissue Embedding KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Staining and Labeling KW - Myelin Proteins -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Epoxy Compounds -- toxicity KW - Electroencephalography -- drug effects KW - Ulnar Nerve -- drug effects KW - Sciatic Nerve -- drug effects KW - Ethylene Oxide -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78656753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Neurophysiological+and+neuropathological+evaluation+of+primates+exposed+to+ethylene+oxide+and+propylene+oxide.&rft.au=Setzer%2C+J+V%3BBrightwell%2C+W+S%3BRusso%2C+J+M%3BJohnson%2C+B+L%3BLynch%2C+D+W%3BMadden%2C+G%3BBurg%2C+J+R%3BSprinz%2C+H&rft.aulast=Setzer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breast-feeding exposure of infants to environmental contaminants--a public health risk assessment viewpoint: chlorinated dibenzodioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans. AN - 78650170; 8989841 AB - Exposure of children to chlorinated dibenzodioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans via breast-feeding has been well-documented in industrialized countries. Recent studies indicate a possible link between development of subtle health effects in children and their exposure to dioxin-like chemicals from maternal milk. Some examples of the effects are lower vitamin K levels, increased thyroxine levels, and mild changes in liver enzymes. The projected daily intakes of chlorinated dibenzodioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans are compared with minimal risk levels for intermediate duration oral exposure (15-365 days) derived for these chemicals. Public health recommendations for future actions related to infant intake of chlorinated dibenzodioxin- and chlorinated dibenzofuran-contaminated breast milk are also addressed. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Pohl, H R AU - Hibbs, B F AD - Division of Toxicology, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 593 EP - 611 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Vitamin K KW - 12001-79-5 KW - Thyroxine KW - Q51BO43MG4 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Milk, Human -- chemistry KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Breast Feeding KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Thyroxine -- blood KW - Vitamin K -- blood KW - Risk Assessment KW - World Health Organization KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Benzofurans -- adverse effects KW - Public Health -- trends KW - Soil Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Public Health -- standards KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78650170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Breast-feeding+exposure+of+infants+to+environmental+contaminants--a+public+health+risk+assessment+viewpoint%3A+chlorinated+dibenzodioxins+and+chlorinated+dibenzofurans.&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3BHibbs%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Histopathological evaluation of liver, pancreas, spleen, and heart from iron-overloaded Sprague-Dawley rats. AN - 78547678; 8923676 AB - The effects of increasing dietary levels of Fe on the histopathology of liver, pancreas, spleen, and heart were examined in a rat model for iron overload. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 35, 350, 3,500, or 20,000 micrograms Fe/g, and, after 12 wk, there was a direct correlation between increased liver nonheme Fe and lipid peroxidation measured by the lipid-conjugated diene assay. Histopathological examination of tissues revealed the following: (a) hepatocellular hemosiderosis in all groups of rats, with a dose-related accumulation of cytoplasmic Fe-positive material predominantly in hepatocytes located in the periportal region (Zone 1), (b) myocardial degeneration and necrosis (cardiomyopathy) with hemosiderin in interstitial macrophages or in myocardial fibers of animals with heart damage, (c) splenic lymphoid atrophy affecting the marginal zone of the white pulp and hemosiderin deposition in the sinusoidal macrophages, and (d) pancreatic atrophy with loss of both the endocrine and exocrine pancreatic tissue in those animals receiving 3,500 and 20,000 micrograms Fe/g of diet. The toxic effects of Fe overload in this rat model include cellular apoptosis or necrosis in heart, spleen, and pancreas and, when coupled with the findings on lipid peroxidation, suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of the lesions. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Whittaker, P AU - Hines, F A AU - Robl, M G AU - Dunkel, V C AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 558 EP - 563 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Male KW - Pancreas -- pathology KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Iron Overload -- pathology KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- pathology KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Pancreas -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78547678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Histopathological+evaluation+of+liver%2C+pancreas%2C+spleen%2C+and+heart+from+iron-overloaded+Sprague-Dawley+rats.&rft.au=Whittaker%2C+P%3BHines%2C+F+A%3BRobl%2C+M+G%3BDunkel%2C+V+C&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-07 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats: differential effects in heart, kidney and intestine, and inhibition by ICRF-187. AN - 78500626; 8899552 AB - The occurrence of apoptosis in heart, kidney and small intestine was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated with doxorubicin (1 mg/kg/week for 6, 9 and 12 weeks) with and without pretreatment with the iron chelator ICRF-187 [(+)1.2-bis(3.5-dioxopiperazinyl-l-yl)propane] (25 mg/kg, i.p., given 30 min before doxorubicin). Animals receiving either ICRF-187 alone or saline were used as controls. Cells undergoing apoptosis were identified ultrastructurally and by staining using the nick-end labeling method. The results obtained by counting cells with positive nick-end labeling showed that, when given in cumulative doses of 9 and 12 (but not 6) mg/kg, doxorubicin induced significant toxicity in the heart, kidneys and intestine in association with apoptosis in epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa and renal tubules but not in cardiac myocytes. At these doses nick end labeling in the heart was confined to occasional endothelial cells, interstitial dendritic cells and macrophages. The frequency of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in renal and intestinal epithelial cells was decreased by pretreatment of the SHR with ICRF-187. Our data support the concept that the chronic cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin is not mediated by apoptosis of the cardiac myocytes. JF - Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology AU - Zhang, J AU - Clark, J R AU - Herman, E H AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Research and Testing, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 1931 EP - 1943 VL - 28 IS - 9 SN - 0022-2828, 0022-2828 KW - Cardiovascular Agents KW - 0 KW - Iron Chelating Agents KW - Razoxane KW - 5AR83PR647 KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Intestines -- pathology KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Intestines -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Myocardium -- ultrastructure KW - Rats KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Cardiomyopathies -- chemically induced KW - Kidney -- ultrastructure KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Razoxane -- pharmacology KW - Doxorubicin -- pharmacology KW - Doxorubicin -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Hypertension -- pathology KW - Iron Chelating Agents -- pharmacology KW - Cardiovascular Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78500626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+molecular+and+cellular+cardiology&rft.atitle=Doxorubicin-induced+apoptosis+in+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats%3A+differential+effects+in+heart%2C+kidney+and+intestine%2C+and+inhibition+by+ICRF-187.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+J%3BClark%2C+J+R%3BHerman%2C+E+H%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1931&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+molecular+and+cellular+cardiology&rft.issn=00222828&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-22 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal occupational falls in the U.S. construction industry, 1980-1989. AN - 78497958; 8899046 AB - Death certificate analyses were conducted on all fatal occupational falls occurring between 1980 and 1989 in the United States' construction industry using the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research. Fatality rates were calculated by geographic location (region and state), and year of injury. From 1980 to 1989, there were 2798 deaths due to occupational falls in construction, representing 49.6% of all fatal occupational falls across all industries. Most of these incidents occurred among young white males. By geographical location, the highest fatality rates were observed within the subregions of the Southern states in the United States. In observing the time between the date of injury and the date of death, 66% of the fall victims died on the same day as the injury, whereas 5.7% lived more than 90 days before dying. Further research needs to be targeted at what occupations are at highest risk for a fall injury, what circumstances are attributable to these falls, and prevention strategies to reduce fall injuries and fatalities. Research is also needed to explain why there are geographic differences in occupational falls in the construction industry. JF - Accident; analysis and prevention AU - Cattledge, G H AU - Hendricks, S AU - Stanevich, R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 647 EP - 654 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0001-4575, 0001-4575 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupations KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Accidental Falls -- mortality KW - Architecture as Topic KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78497958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Accident%3B+analysis+and+prevention&rft.atitle=Fatal+occupational+falls+in+the+U.S.+construction+industry%2C+1980-1989.&rft.au=Cattledge%2C+G+H%3BHendricks%2C+S%3BStanevich%2C+R&rft.aulast=Cattledge&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Accident%3B+analysis+and+prevention&rft.issn=00014575&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonfatal occupational fall injuries in the West Virginia construction industry. AN - 78492219; 8899047 AB - Descriptive analyses were conducted using the West Virginia workers' compensation and supplemental injury records to assess nonfatal occupational falls from elevated work surfaces in the construction industry. These analyses are based on the 182 fall injuries reported to the State workers' compensation during fiscal year 1991 for which there were complete supplemental injury data. County-specific injury rates were calculated for counties with six or more fall injuries. Most of these incidents occurred among young white males who were employed as either craftsmen and kindred workers (48%) or laborers (33%) on non-union jobs in the general construction category (SIC-15). The counties with the highest injury rates that exceed the State rate of 5.9 per 1000 construction workers were located around or near the major industrial areas of Kanawha and Monongalia counties. Of the 182 claimants in the study population, one-third had been employed in their occupation for 2 years or less. For 60% of the claimants, the length of employment with the company for which they were employed at the time of the fall injury was two years or less; 26% had been employed for six months or less. Approximately, 63% of the 182 claimants had received some type of fall protection training. Ladders and scaffolds were involved in 50% of all falls. Fall protection devices were not commonly used by the 182 construction workers who worked from elevated surfaces. Fifty percent of the claimants were using tools or handling materials when the fall occurred. Fifty-nine percent of the falls occurred from elevated work surfaces which were relatively low heights (< or = 10 feet) where few safety regulations apply even though the potential for a serious injury still exists. JF - Accident; analysis and prevention AU - Cattledge, G H AU - Schneiderman, A AU - Stanevich, R AU - Hendricks, S AU - Greenwood, J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 655 EP - 663 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0001-4575, 0001-4575 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Workers' Compensation KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - West Virginia -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidental Falls -- statistics & numerical data KW - Architecture as Topic KW - Accidents, Occupational -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78492219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Accident%3B+analysis+and+prevention&rft.atitle=Nonfatal+occupational+fall+injuries+in+the+West+Virginia+construction+industry.&rft.au=Cattledge%2C+G+H%3BSchneiderman%2C+A%3BStanevich%2C+R%3BHendricks%2C+S%3BGreenwood%2C+J&rft.aulast=Cattledge&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=655&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Accident%3B+analysis+and+prevention&rft.issn=00014575&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Future approaches to genetic toxicology risk assessment. AN - 78491924; 8898998 AB - Short-term genetic toxicology tests were developed for the purpose of identifying chemical carcinogens in the environment. After two decades of development and validation, the tests are well-established in routine testing schemes, but our views of their utility for safety evaluation have undergone re-assessment. The correlation between identified mutagens and identified carcinogens has turned out to be significantly less than one. Processes or mechanisms that are not directly genotoxic appear to play a role in carcinogenesis. While short term test data are still components of the assessment of carcinogenic risk, genetic damage also has been recognized as important in its own right, in relation to heritable genetic risk and other health-related effects, such as aging, reproductive failure and developmental toxicity. The revolution in molecular biology and genetic analysis occurring over the past 20 years has contributed to the wealth of new information on the complexities of cell regulation, differentiation, and the carcinogenic process. These technologies have provided new experimental approaches to genetic toxicology assessments, including transgenic cell and animal models, human monitoring, and analysis of macromolecular interactions at environmentally relevant exposures. The potential exists for the development of more efficient and more relevant genetic toxicology testing schemes for use assessing human safety. A delineation of contemporary needs, a modern view of the elements of cancer induction, and an examination of new assays and technologies may provide a framework for integrating new approaches into current schemes for evaluating the potential genetic and carcinogenic risk of environmental chemicals. JF - Mutation research AU - Elespuru, R K AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 191 EP - 204 VL - 365 IS - 1-3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78491924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Future+approaches+to+genetic+toxicology+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Elespuru%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Elespuru&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=365&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional effects of methylazoxymethanol-induced cerebellar hypoplasia in rats. AN - 78473763; 8888017 AB - The behavioral effects of a series of methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) injections in neonatal rats were investigated. Pups were injected twice daily on days 5-8 after birth with 4 mg/kg MAM or saline. Similar treatment paradigms cause cerebellar hypoplasia, which is a result of a depletion of granule cells. MAM treatment reduced adult cerebellar weight to 92% that of control and was without effect on weight of other brain regions examined. Postweaning body weight gain in males was reduced. Nest odor preference and emergence (light/dark box) assessments indicated no significant effects. Complex maze assessments and performance in an operant test battery demonstrated no cognitive deficits. Indeed, MAM treated females performed better in a complex maze under lighted conditions than same-sex controls. Open field and running wheel activity levels in females were unaffected. Though not statistically significant, males exhibited a mild hyperactivity syndrome characterized by an increase in running wheel and open field activity, as well as a depressed startle response. Both sexes were hypersensitive to the locomotor-increasing effects of methamphetamine. These results suggest that the functional effects resulting from cerebellar hypoplasia produced by MAM treatment on PNDs 5-8 are milder than those resulting from MAM treatment beginning on the day of birth. The results are compared with other forms of cerebellar lesions and provide support for the hypothesis that early insult (day of birth or shortly after) produces hypoactivity whereas a later insult (day 4 or later after birth) produces a syndrome of hyperactivity. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Paule, M G AU - Holson, R R AD - Division of Reproductive & Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. sferguson@nctr.fda.gov PY - 1996 SP - 529 EP - 537 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate KW - 592-62-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Darkness KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Maze Learning -- drug effects KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Rats KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Light KW - Extinction, Psychological -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- toxicity KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Cerebellum -- pathology KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Cerebellum -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78473763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Functional+effects+of+methylazoxymethanol-induced+cerebellar+hypoplasia+in+rats.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A%3BPaule%2C+M+G%3BHolson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A mathematical model of performance on a simple reaction time test. AN - 78470958; 8888023 AB - A nonlinear function with components for learning and fatigue was used to model individual performance on a simple reaction time test. The relationships between the parameters of the model and the mean and variance of the reaction times are discussed. The function is used to analyze data from a field study of agricultural workers exposed to organophosphate pesticides. Exposure had a significant effect on the relationships between education level and initial performance, age and fatigue rate, and age and performance variability. Parameter estimates from the model were able to distinguish between effects that the mean and standard deviation of the reaction times were unable to distinguish. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Krieg, E F AU - Chrislip, D W AU - Russo, J M AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 587 EP - 593 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Algorithms KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Mathematics KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Models, Psychological KW - Learning KW - Models, Neurological KW - Reaction Time UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78470958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=A+mathematical+model+of+performance+on+a+simple+reaction+time+test.&rft.au=Krieg%2C+E+F%3BChrislip%2C+D+W%3BRusso%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Krieg&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of brain and nerve pathology in rats chronically dosed with ddI or isoniazid. AN - 78469163; 8888020 AB - The antiviral adenosine analog, 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), and the antitubercular nicotinic acid analogue, isoniazid, have recently received widespread clinical application in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clinical studies indicate that the primary dose limiting side effect of both drugs is neurological in nature. Most clinical studies are confounded by the fact that the observed neuropathy must be evaluated in the presence of the ongoing disease process associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a rat model of ddI-and isoniazid-induced neuropathy in the absence of any disease-induced pathology. Myelin splitting and intramyelin edema were the most frequent abnormalities observed in the sciatic nerves of ddI-dosed animals, whereas whorls, extracellular debris, macrophages, and reduced myelinated axon number were seen following chronic isoniazid administration. Isoniazid also resulted in myelinopathy of the CNS. Thus, contrary to previous reports, the rodent is a suitable model for ddI- and isoniazid-induced neuropathies. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Schmued, L C AU - Albertson, C M AU - Andrews, A AU - Sandberg, J A AU - Nickols, J AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 555 EP - 563 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Antitubercular Agents KW - Neurotoxins KW - Didanosine KW - K3GDH6OH08 KW - Isoniazid KW - V83O1VOZ8L KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Humans KW - Edema KW - Axons -- pathology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Antitubercular Agents -- toxicity KW - Myelin Sheath -- pathology KW - Mast Cells -- pathology KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Male KW - Didanosine -- toxicity KW - Neural Conduction -- drug effects KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Sciatic Nerve -- physiology KW - Isoniazid -- toxicity KW - Sciatic Nerve -- pathology KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Sciatic Nerve -- drug effects KW - Didanosine -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78469163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+brain+and+nerve+pathology+in+rats+chronically+dosed+with+ddI+or+isoniazid.&rft.au=Schmued%2C+L+C%3BAlbertson%2C+C+M%3BAndrews%2C+A%3BSandberg%2C+J+A%3BNickols%2C+J%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-06 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recombinant hepatitis B vaccination of neonates and infants: emerging safety data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. AN - 78456900; 8878219 AB - To evaluate the postmarketing safety of recombinant hepatitis B (HB) vaccine given to neonates and infants in the US. US reports associated with HB vaccination and received between January 1, 1991, and May 31, 1995, by the national Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) were reviewed as a case series. During 1991 through 1994, 12,520 (32%) VAERS reports were received for events temporally associated with administration of HB vaccine, of which 14% were received for neonates and infants. More reports described serious outcomes for neonates (< 0.1 year old) than for other age groups (40% vs. 6 to 15%). HB alone was administered to 58 (97%) neonates; review of these reports did not reveal unexpected serious events. Among infants (0.1 to 0.9 years old) 192 (9%) received HB vaccine alone and 1469 (66%) received HB in combination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. Similar serious adverse events reported in neonates and infants included fever, agitation and apnea. Events reported for infants receiving HB/DTP and DTP alone were similar and differed from reports filed for infants receiving HB vaccine alone, suggesting that these events may be associated with use of DTP vaccine. This review shows no unexpected adverse events in neonates and infants given HB vaccine despite use of at least 12 million doses of vaccine given in these age groups. Although VAERS lacks the ability to distinguish coincidental events from true vaccine reactions, this database represents the largest case series of events temporally associated with HB vaccination of neonates and infants. JF - The Pediatric infectious disease journal AU - Niu, M T AU - Davis, D M AU - Ellenberg, S AD - Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Office of Establishment Licensing, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA. Niu@al.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 771 EP - 776 VL - 15 IS - 9 SN - 0891-3668, 0891-3668 KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Vaccines, Synthetic KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Information Systems KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Child KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Vaccines, Synthetic -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78456900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pediatric+infectious+disease+journal&rft.atitle=Recombinant+hepatitis+B+vaccination+of+neonates+and+infants%3A+emerging+safety+data+from+the+Vaccine+Adverse+Event+Reporting+System.&rft.au=Niu%2C+M+T%3BDavis%2C+D+M%3BEllenberg%2C+S&rft.aulast=Niu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Pediatric+infectious+disease+journal&rft.issn=08913668&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-17 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection with vitamin A: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Santiago, Chile. AN - 78456804; 8878221 AB - Treatment with high dose vitamin A reduces complications and duration of hospitalization for children with measles. In respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, as with measles, low serum vitamin A concentrations correlate with increased severity of illness. To determine whether high dose vitamin A treatment is also effective for treating RSV disease, we conducted a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial among 180 RSV-infected children between 1 month and 6 years of age at three hospitals in Santiago, Chile. Children with nasal washes positive for RSV antigen were given oral vitamin A (50,000 to 200,000 IU of retinyl palmitate, doses according to age; n = 89) or placebo (n = 91) within 2 days of admission. There was no significant benefit from vitamin A treatment for the overall group in duration of hospitalization, need for supplemental oxygen or time to resolve hypoxemia. For the subgroup of children with significant hypoxemia on admission (room air oxygen saturation level < or = 90%), those given vitamin A had more rapid resolution of tachypnea (P = 0.01) and a shorter duration of hospitalization (5.5 vs. 9.3 days, P = 0.09). No toxicities were seen, including excess vomiting or bulging fontanel. If vitamin A has a beneficial effect on the course of RSV disease, it may be seen only in more severely ill children. JF - The Pediatric infectious disease journal AU - Dowell, S F AU - Papic, Z AU - Bresee, J S AU - Larrañaga, C AU - Mendez, M AU - Sowell, A L AU - Gary, H E AU - Anderson, L J AU - Avendaño, L F AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sfd2@ciddbd1.em.cdc.gov Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 782 EP - 786 VL - 15 IS - 9 SN - 0891-3668, 0891-3668 KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Vitamin A -- therapeutic use KW - Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections -- drug therapy KW - Vitamin A -- adverse effects KW - Vitamin A -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78456804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pediatric+infectious+disease+journal&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+respiratory+syncytial+virus+infection+with+vitamin+A%3A+a+randomized%2C+placebo-controlled+trial+in+Santiago%2C+Chile.&rft.au=Dowell%2C+S+F%3BPapic%2C+Z%3BBresee%2C+J+S%3BLarra%C3%B1aga%2C+C%3BMendez%2C+M%3BSowell%2C+A+L%3BGary%2C+H+E%3BAnderson%2C+L+J%3BAvenda%C3%B1o%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Dowell&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=782&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Pediatric+infectious+disease+journal&rft.issn=08913668&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-17 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997 Jan;16(1):84-5 [9002114] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vitamin A therapy for children with respiratory syncytial virus infection: a multicenter trial in the United States. AN - 78456273; 8878220 AB - High dose vitamin A therapy is effective in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with measles infection. Children with acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection have low serum vitamin A concentrations. We performed a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of high dose vitamin A therapy among 239 children 1 month to 6 years of age to determine whether high dose vitamin A therapy would reduce morbidity associated with RSV infection. There were no differences between the vitamin A and placebo recipients for most clinical outcomes; however, vitamin A recipients had-longer hospital stays than placebo recipients (5.0 days vs. 4.4 days, P = 0.01) after enrollment. This effect was significant for children who were older than 1 year (who also had received the highest doses of vitamin A), particularly among those at low risk for complications of RSV infection and those enrolled during the second study season. Serum retinol levels at enrollment were inversely correlated with severity of illness. We found no evidence of a beneficial effect of vitamin A for the treatment of RSV infection in children in the United States. There may be groups of children for which vitamin A has an adverse effect, resulting in longer hospital stays. JF - The Pediatric infectious disease journal AU - Bresee, J S AU - Fischer, M AU - Dowell, S F AU - Johnston, B D AU - Biggs, V M AU - Levine, R S AU - Lingappa, J R AU - Keyserling, H L AU - Petersen, K M AU - Bak, J R AU - Gary, H E AU - Sowell, A L AU - Rubens, C E AU - Anderson, L J AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. jsb6@ciddvd1.em.cdc.gov Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 777 EP - 782 VL - 15 IS - 9 SN - 0891-3668, 0891-3668 KW - Vitamin A KW - 11103-57-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Vitamin A -- therapeutic use KW - Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections -- drug therapy KW - Vitamin A -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78456273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pediatric+infectious+disease+journal&rft.atitle=Vitamin+A+therapy+for+children+with+respiratory+syncytial+virus+infection%3A+a+multicenter+trial+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Bresee%2C+J+S%3BFischer%2C+M%3BDowell%2C+S+F%3BJohnston%2C+B+D%3BBiggs%2C+V+M%3BLevine%2C+R+S%3BLingappa%2C+J+R%3BKeyserling%2C+H+L%3BPetersen%2C+K+M%3BBak%2C+J+R%3BGary%2C+H+E%3BSowell%2C+A+L%3BRubens%2C+C+E%3BAnderson%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Bresee&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=777&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Pediatric+infectious+disease+journal&rft.issn=08913668&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-17 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997 Jan;16(1):84-5 [9002114] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory health services reported by U.S. mining facilities in the National Occupational Health Survey of Mining (1984-1989). AN - 78454694; 8876794 AB - This report describes the involvement of mine management personnel at U.S. mines in providing environmental and medical services related to respiratory health. The data were obtained by means of a questionnaire that was administered to mine management personnel at 491 mines and mills during May 1984 to August 1989. The data indicate that 62% of U.S. miners worked at facilities that provided at least a portion of workers with chest X-rays, and 41% worked at facilities that provided at least a portion of workers with pulmonary function tests. Eighty-five percent of miners worked at facilities in which the company required a medical examination of all new employees; the majority were required by company policy to have a medical examination before returning to work after an illness. However, only 2% of miners were required by company policy to have an exit medical examination when their employment ended. This report underscores the need for respiratory health to remain a primary concern of all persons who provide occupational health services to miners. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Linch, K D AU - Groce, D W AU - Hale, J M AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 273 EP - 280 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Sampling Studies KW - Environmental Monitoring -- statistics & numerical data KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- supply & distribution KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Mining -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Health Services -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mining -- organization & administration KW - Occupational Health Services -- organization & administration KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Health Care Surveys -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk Management -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78454694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Respiratory+health+services+reported+by+U.S.+mining+facilities+in+the+National+Occupational+Health+Survey+of+Mining+%281984-1989%29.&rft.au=Linch%2C+K+D%3BGroce%2C+D+W%3BHale%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Linch&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-05 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of the thoracic sampling definition to fiber measurement. AN - 78433245; 8865590 AB - As part of a consideration of the sampling method for refractory ceramic fibers, calculations were carried out at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to evaluate different approaches to fiber measurement. The most common technique for estimating fibers that can reach the lungs is to use an upper diameter limit of 3 microns in the phase contrast optical microscope counting rules. Calculations were carried out to estimate the aerodynamic diameter of fibers in several lognormal size distributions likely to occur in workplaces. Using these size distributions, the use of a 3 microns fiber diameter upper limit in the counting rules was compared with results expected from a sampler designed to collect fibers according to the thoracic definition, which is based on the aerodynamic diameter of compact particles. The other limits in the optical courting procedure, i.e., counting only fibers longer than 5 microns and thicker than 0.25 micron, were included in the calculations. The calculations indicate that the 3 microns upper diameter counting rule agrees with the thoracic definition within about +/- 25% for a wide range of possible fiber size distributions. The advantages of using a sampler designed to collect the thoracic fiber size fraction include reducing analyst decision making (all fibers collected would be counted) and reducing the nonthoracic particles on the sample, making the sample easier to analyze. Until thoracic samplers are available for fibrous aerosols, incorporating the 3 microns upper diameter limit as part of the criteria for counting fibers may serve as a surrogate for thoracic sampling. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Baron, P A AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 820 EP - 824 VL - 57 IS - 9 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Microscopy, Phase-Contrast KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Mathematics KW - Decision Support Techniques KW - Lung KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Ceramics -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78433245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Application+of+the+thoracic+sampling+definition+to+fiber+measurement.&rft.au=Baron%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=820&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-15 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elemental carbon-based method for occupational monitoring of particulate diesel exhaust: methodology and exposure issues. AN - 78373341; 8831275 AB - Diesel exhaust has been classified a probable human carcinogen, and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has recommended that employers reduce workers' exposures. Because diesel exhaust is a chemically complex mixture containing thousands of compounds, some measure of exposure must be selected. Previously used methods involving gravimetry or analysis of the soluble organic fraction of diesel soot lack adequate sensitivity and selectivity for low-level determination of particulate diesel exhaust; a new analytical approach was therefore needed. In this paper, results of investigation of a thermal-optical technique for the analysis of the carbonaceous fraction of particulate diesel exhaust are discussed. With this technique, speciation of organic and elemental carbon is accomplished through temperature and atmosphere control and by an optical feature that corrects for pyrolytically generated carbon, or "char,' which is formed during the analysis of some materials. The thermal-optical method was selected because the instrument has desirable design features not present in other carbon analysers. Although various carbon types are determined by the method, elemental carbon is the superior marker of diesel particulate matter because elemental carbon constitutes a large fraction of the particulate mass, it can be quantified at low levels and its only significant source in most workplaces is the diesel engine. Exposure-related issues and sampling methods for particulate diesel exhaust also are discussed. JF - The Analyst AU - Birch, M E AU - Cary, R A AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 1183 EP - 1190 VL - 121 IS - 9 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- methods KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78373341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Analyst&rft.atitle=Elemental+carbon-based+method+for+occupational+monitoring+of+particulate+diesel+exhaust%3A+methodology+and+exposure+issues.&rft.au=Birch%2C+M+E%3BCary%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Birch&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Analyst&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-07 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summary of the NIOSH guidelines for air sampling and analytical method development and evaluation. AN - 78372067; 8831274 AB - Suggested guidelines for the development and evaluation of sampling and analytical methods for industrial hygiene monitoring have recently been published in a NIOSH technical report. These guidelines are based in part on various published approaches for method development and evaluation and serve as an attempt at a more unified experimental approach. This paper presents some salient features of this unified approach for method development and evaluation. The basic goal of the approach is to determine if the method under study meets the criterion to produce a result that fell within 25% of the true value 95 times out of 100 on average, although other factors of method performance are evaluated. The experiments proposed for the evaluation of method performance include determination of analytical recovery from the sampler, sampler capacity, storage stability of samples and effect of environmental factors. Evaluation criteria for the experimental data and procedures for the calculation of method bias, precision and accuracy are also included. JF - The Analyst AU - Kennedy, E R AU - Fischbach, T J AU - Song, R AU - Eller, P M AU - Shulman, S A AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, US Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 1163 EP - 1169 VL - 121 IS - 9 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Health KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- methods KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78372067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Analyst&rft.atitle=Summary+of+the+NIOSH+guidelines+for+air+sampling+and+analytical+method+development+and+evaluation.&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+E+R%3BFischbach%2C+T+J%3BSong%2C+R%3BEller%2C+P+M%3BShulman%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Analyst&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-07 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of phenylbutazone residues in bovine milk by liquid chromatography with UV detection. AN - 78368639; 8823913 AB - A published liquid chromatographic (LC) method was modified for quantitation of phenylbutazone (PBZ) residues in the range of 25-300 ng/mL in bovine milk. Milk samples (1 mL) were diluted with absolute ethanol and 25% NH4OH. Diethyl ether and petroleum ether were added sequentially to the milk extract and the mixture was agitated on a Vortex mixer to partition out milk fat. The organic phase was removed and discarded. Tetrahydrofuran-hexane (1 + 4) was added to the aqueous phase and the extract was acidified with 3M HCl. The samples were mixed on a Vortex mixer for 30 min, and centrifuged. The organic layer, containing PBZ, was transferred to a clean test tube. The organic solvents were evaporated to dryness under a stream of N2 at room temperature. The resulting extract was dissolved in 1 mL mobile phase and filtered before injection. The chromatographic system was a C18 reversed-phase column connected to a UV detector set at 264 nm. Recoveries of PBZ from raw bovine milk fortified at 25-300 ng/mL ranged from 79 to 84%; relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 6 to 7%. The RSDs for incurred PBZ quantitated from 34 to 229 ng/mL ranged from 1 to 4%. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - De Veau, E J AD - U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 1050 EP - 1053 VL - 79 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Furans KW - Hexanes KW - Hydroxides KW - n-hexane KW - 2DDG612ED8 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - tetrahydrofuran KW - 3N8FZZ6PY4 KW - Ammonium Hydroxide KW - 5138Q19F1X KW - Phenylbutazone KW - GN5P7K3T8S KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Furans -- chemistry KW - Reference Standards KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Hydroxides -- chemistry KW - Calibration KW - Ethanol -- chemistry KW - Hexanes -- chemistry KW - Phenylbutazone -- metabolism KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- metabolism KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- metabolism KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Phenylbutazone -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78368639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+phenylbutazone+residues+in+bovine+milk+by+liquid+chromatography+with+UV+detection.&rft.au=De+Veau%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=De+Veau&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1050&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in fatty fish by tandem solid-phase extraction cleanup. AN - 78358849; 8823927 AB - A rapid, multiresidue solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique for determination of organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues in nonfatty fish was modified for use with fatty fish. In the modified procedures, samples are extracted with acetonitrile, and the extract is cleaned up with both C18 and Florisil SPE columns. Residues are determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The original method was modified for use with fatty fish by reducing the amount of tissue extracted and by using an improved Florisil SPE cleanup. Recovery data are presented for 24 fortified organochlorine pesticide residues (0.12 ppm) and 3 fortified PCB residues (0.80 ppm) from flounder, bluefish, and shad samples, which contained 0.8, 5.4, and 22.6% fat, respectively. For the 3 types of fish, recoveries of 23 of 24 fortified organochlorine pesticide residues ranged from 55 to 129%, and recoveries of 3 fortified PCB residues ranged from 55 to 104%. There were no significant differences in recovery based on fish species and/or fat content for the majority of residues studied. This SPE method and the official AOAC method yielded comparable results for fish containing incurred organochlorine residues. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Schenck, F J AU - Calderon, L AU - Podhorniak, L V AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore District Laboratory, MD 21201, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 1209 EP - 1214 VL - 79 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Magnesium Silicates KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Florisil KW - 1343-88-0 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Reference Standards KW - Food Contamination KW - Magnesium Silicates -- chemistry KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- metabolism KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Fishes -- metabolism KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78358849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+organochlorine+pesticide+and+polychlorinated+biphenyl+residues+in+fatty+fish+by+tandem+solid-phase+extraction+cleanup.&rft.au=Schenck%2C+F+J%3BCalderon%2C+L%3BPodhorniak%2C+L+V&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination and confirmation of identities of flumequine and nalidixic, oxolinic, and piromidic acids in salmon and shrimp. AN - 78357511; 8823929 AB - A previously published liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining residues of flumequine (FLU) and nalidixic (NAL), oxolinic (OXO), and piromidic (PIR) acids in catfish tissue was applied to salmon and shrimp muscle. Identities of all 4 residues in salmon and shrimp were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The tissue is homogenized with acetone, the acetone extract is defatted with hexane, and the quinolones are extracted into chloroform. The extract is further purified by first partitioning into base and then back-extracting from a solution acidified to pH 6.0. Analytes are determined by LC with simultaneous UV and fluorescence detection. Muscle tissue was fortified with each quinolone at 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 ng/g. Average recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSDs) for salmon, which represent an average of the 5 levels for each analyte, ranged from 75.9 to 90.8% and from 2.25 to 6.40%, respectively. Average recoveries and RSDs for shrimp ranged from 81.3 to 91.2% and from 7.34 to 10.7%, respectively. Identities of OXO, FLU, NAL, and PIR were confirmed in extracts of salmon and shrimp tissue fortified at 10 ng/g by determination of decarboxylated quinolones by GC/MS. Four diagnostic ions were monitored for OXO, FLU, and PIR, and 5 ions were monitored for NAL. All ion relative abundances were within 10% of those calculated for standard decarboxylated quinolones. Optimum conditions for decarboxylation and GC/MS confirmation are given. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Pfenning, A P AU - Munns, R K AU - Turnipseed, S B AU - Roybal, J E AU - Holland, D C AU - Long, A R AU - Plakas, S M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver, CO, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 1227 EP - 1235 VL - 79 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Quinolizines KW - Nalidixic Acid KW - 3B91HWA56M KW - Piromidic Acid KW - 3I12WH4EWF KW - Oxolinic Acid KW - L0A22B22FT KW - flumequine KW - UVG8VSP2SJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Muscles -- chemistry KW - Nalidixic Acid -- analysis KW - Piromidic Acid -- analysis KW - Reference Standards KW - Muscles -- metabolism KW - Oxolinic Acid -- analysis KW - Piromidic Acid -- metabolism KW - Quinolizines -- analysis KW - Quinolizines -- metabolism KW - Food Contamination KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Oxolinic Acid -- metabolism KW - Nalidixic Acid -- metabolism KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- metabolism KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Decapoda (Crustacea) -- metabolism KW - Drug Residues -- metabolism KW - Salmon -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78357511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+and+confirmation+of+identities+of+flumequine+and+nalidixic%2C+oxolinic%2C+and+piromidic+acids+in+salmon+and+shrimp.&rft.au=Pfenning%2C+A+P%3BMunns%2C+R+K%3BTurnipseed%2C+S+B%3BRoybal%2C+J+E%3BHolland%2C+D+C%3BLong%2C+A+R%3BPlakas%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Pfenning&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of selenium in infant formula and enteral formula by dry ash graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with deuterium background correction. AN - 78356956; 8823924 AB - A method was developed to determine selenium in infant formula using a graphite furnace equipped with deuterium background correction after dry ashing. The method circumvents the use of perchloric acid, 2,3-diaminonapthalene (DAN) and hydride generation without the use of Zeeman background correction. Twelve commercial infant and enteral formulas and corresponding spiked products (30-500 ng) were analyzed in triplicate for Se to evaluate this method. All test portions were digested on a hot plate after addition of magnesium nitrate-nitric acid. Following heating, digests were evaporated to dryness and placed in a 500 degrees C muffle furnace for 30 min to complete ashing. All Se was converted to Se+4 by dissolving the ash in HCl (5 + 1) and holding the solution for 20 min in a 60 degrees C water bath. Se+4 was subsequently reduced to Se(zero) with ascorbic acid and collected on a membrane filter. The membrane filters were digested in a small volume of nitric acid in a microwave oven. Following digestion, contents of the vessels were diluted and analyzed for Se by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Selenium standards in starch or in unfortified formula containing trace levels of Se were carried through the entire process. The recovery range for Se was 85-127%, and analyzed reference materials fell within their certified range for Se. This method is as sensitive (detection limit 0.44 ng Se/g) as methods reported in the literature and may be applicable to other foods. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Cook, K K AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Science and Applied Technology, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 1162 EP - 1166 VL - 79 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Perchlorates KW - 0 KW - 2,3-diaminonaphthalene KW - 2BNZ6BRS87 KW - Graphite KW - 7782-42-5 KW - Deuterium KW - AR09D82C7G KW - 2-Naphthylamine KW - CKR7XL41N4 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - 2-Naphthylamine -- chemistry KW - Parenteral Nutrition -- standards KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Perchlorates -- chemistry KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Graphite -- chemistry KW - Spectrophotometry, Atomic KW - 2-Naphthylamine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Food, Formulated -- analysis KW - Selenium -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Infant Food -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78356956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+selenium+in+infant+formula+and+enteral+formula+by+dry+ash+graphite+furnace+atomic+absorption+spectrometry+with+deuterium+background+correction.&rft.au=Cook%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination and confirmation of pirlimycin residue in bovine milk and liver by liquid chromatography/thermospray mass spectrometry: interlaboratory study. AN - 78355851; 8823914 AB - Three laboratories participated in trials of methods to determine and confirm pirlimycin residue in bovine milk and liver. The methods used liquid chromatography/thermospray mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with an internal standard to measure residue concentration. The internal standard was isopirlimycin, a stereoisomer of pirlimycin, which was resolved chromatographically. Determinative procedures were validated by replicate analyses of negative control, fortified control, and residue-incurred milk. For the milk method, average corrected recoveries (and coefficients of variation, CVs) were 83-113% (CV, 7.5-15.4%) at 0.2 ppm, 91-98% (CV, 3.4-18.5%) at 0.4 ppm, and 89-102% (CV, 8.8-22.9%) at 0.8 ppm. For the liver method, average corrected recoveries were 94-103% (CV, 2.2-7.1%) at 0.25 ppm, 87-94% (CV, 4.8-10.3%) at 0.5 ppm, and 96-101% (CV, 5.5-6.9%) at 1.0 ppm. There were no interferences in control samples of either matrix. Pirlimycin was confirmed by matching the retention time and relative abundances of 4 ions from sample extracts to corresponding values obtained for pirlimycin standard. Pirlimycin was confirmed in all residue-incurred samples and all samples fortified at regulatory tolerances (0.4 ppm in milk and 0.5 ppm in liver) by 2 of the 3 laboratories and in most samples by the third laboratory. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Heller, D N AD - U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 1054 EP - 1061 VL - 79 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Clindamycin KW - 3U02EL437C KW - pirlimycin KW - LM19JT6G5K KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Cattle KW - Food Analysis KW - Reference Standards KW - Food Contamination KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Clindamycin -- metabolism KW - Drug Residues -- metabolism KW - Clindamycin -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Clindamycin -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78355851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+and+confirmation+of+pirlimycin+residue+in+bovine+milk+and+liver+by+liquid+chromatography%2Fthermospray+mass+spectrometry%3A+interlaboratory+study.&rft.au=Heller%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1054&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of trichothecene mycotoxins in contaminated grains by gas chromatography/matrix isolation/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. AN - 78352405; 8823920 AB - Gas chromatography/matrix isolation/Fourier transform infrared (GC/MI/FTIR) spectroscopy and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) were used to confirm the identities of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of trichothecene mycotoxins in naturally contaminated grains. Infrared spectral bands observed in the fingerprint region were unique for 10 trichothecene standards. Characteristic absorption bands were observed for the ester (near 1750 cm-1) and ketone (near 1700 cm-1) carbonyl stretching vibrations, the acetate CH3 symmetric bend (1370 cm-1), the epoxide ring (1262 cm-1), the trimethylsilyl CH3 in-plane deformation (1253 cm-1), the ester (O)C-O asymmetric stretching vibration (near 1244 cm-1), and several other bands including intense features due to the TMS function. Infrared bands observed under cryogenic matrix isolation conditions were compared with those found at room temperature in a potassium bromide matrix for 5 of these standards. Identities of deoxynivalenol (DON) from barley and mixed feed, nivalenol from wheat and barley, and DON and fusarenon-x from sweet corn were confirmed by comparison of their infrared spectral bands with those of standards. The identity of DON in the same test samples of sweet corn was confirmed further by GC/MS. GC/MS was also used to quantitate the levels of DON (67-455 ppm) in sweet corn test samples. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Mossoba, M M AU - Adams, S AU - Roach, J A AU - Trucksess, M W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of General Scientific Support, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 1116 EP - 1123 VL - 79 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Analysis -- standards KW - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Reference Standards KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Edible Grain -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78352405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+trichothecene+mycotoxins+in+contaminated+grains+by+gas+chromatography%2Fmatrix+isolation%2FFourier+transform+infrared+spectroscopy+and+gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Mossoba%2C+M+M%3BAdams%2C+S%3BRoach%2C+J+A%3BTrucksess%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Mossoba&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TCDD residues in fish and shellfish from U.S. waterways. AN - 78352283; 8823925 AB - TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) in the edible portion of fish and shellfish from various U.S. waterways has been monitored since 1979. Analytical results for the period 1979-1994 are reported. Extracts obtained after column chromatographic and liquid chromatographic cleanup were examined by electron capture detection-gas chromatography (GC), and final quantitation and confirmation were performed by GC/mass spectrometry with multiple ion detection. Analyses of 1623 test samples indicated that TCDD residues in fish and shellfish were not widespread but rather were localized in areas near waste sites, chlorophenol manufacturers, and pulp and paper mills. Analytical results indicated that levels in aquatic species from these sites have been declining steadily. No TCDD (limit of detection and confirmation, 1-2 ppt) has been found in recent years in aquatic species from most Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico sites and Great Lakes other than Lake Ontario and Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron). JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Firestone, D AU - Fehringer, N V AU - Walters, S M AU - Kozara, R J AU - Ayres, R J AU - Ogger, J D AU - Schneider, L F AU - Glidden, R M AU - Ahlrep, J R AU - Brown, P J AU - Ford, S E AU - Davy, R A AU - Gulick, D J AU - McCullough, B H AU - Sittig, R A AU - Smith, P V AU - Syvertson, C N AU - Barber, M R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 1174 EP - 1183 VL - 79 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Food Analysis -- standards KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Fresh Water KW - Seawater KW - Reference Standards KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Shellfish -- analysis KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Fishes -- metabolism KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78352283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=TCDD+residues+in+fish+and+shellfish+from+U.S.+waterways.&rft.au=Firestone%2C+D%3BFehringer%2C+N+V%3BWalters%2C+S+M%3BKozara%2C+R+J%3BAyres%2C+R+J%3BOgger%2C+J+D%3BSchneider%2C+L+F%3BGlidden%2C+R+M%3BAhlrep%2C+J+R%3BBrown%2C+P+J%3BFord%2C+S+E%3BDavy%2C+R+A%3BGulick%2C+D+J%3BMcCullough%2C+B+H%3BSittig%2C+R+A%3BSmith%2C+P+V%3BSyvertson%2C+C+N%3BBarber%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Firestone&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening of nonfatty fish for organochlorine pesticide residues by solid-phase extraction cleanup: interlaboratory study. AN - 78347832; 8823928 AB - Six U.S. Food and Drug Administration laboratories participated in an Interlaboratory trial of a solid-phase extraction cleanup method for determination of pesticides in nonfatty seafood products. The participants analyzed control and fortified (about 0.050 ppm lindane, heptachlor epoxide, p,p'-DDE, and endrin) croaker and flounder samples and a sea trout sample containing incurred p,p'-DDE residues. Mean recoveries of the fortified residues from the fish ranged from 89.1 to 107.8%. The within-laboratory coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 4.2 to 8.5%, and the among-laboratory CVs ranged from 10.9 to 26.5%. The 6 laboratories reported a mean value of 0.040 ppm p,p'-DDE in a fish sample which contained incurred residues. The same value (0.040 ppm) was obtained by using official methodology. The within-laboratory CVs ranged from 3.5 to 18.3%, and the among-laboratory CV was 17.3%. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Schenck, F J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Baltimore District Laboratory, MD 21201, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 1215 EP - 1219 VL - 79 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Heptachlor Epoxide KW - 1024-57-3 KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene KW - 4M7FS82U08 KW - Lindane KW - 59NEE7PCAB KW - Endrin KW - OB9NVE7YCL KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Endrin -- metabolism KW - Lindane -- metabolism KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Food Analysis KW - Endrin -- analysis KW - Heptachlor Epoxide -- analysis KW - Lindane -- analysis KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene -- analysis KW - Heptachlor Epoxide -- metabolism KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene -- metabolism KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Fishes -- metabolism KW - Insecticides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78347832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Screening+of+nonfatty+fish+for+organochlorine+pesticide+residues+by+solid-phase+extraction+cleanup%3A+interlaboratory+study.&rft.au=Schenck%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Histopathological Evaluation of Liver, Pancreas, Spleen, and Heart from Iron-Overloaded Sprague-Dawley Rats* super(1,2) AN - 755139557; 13645749 AB - The effects of increasing dietary levels of Fe on the histopathology of liver, pancreas, spleen, and heart were examined in a rat model for iron overload. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 35, 350, 3,500, or 20,000 mu g Fe/g, and, after 12 wk, there was a direct correlation between increased liver nonheme Fe and lipid peroxidation measured by the lipid-conjugated diene assay. Histopathological examination of tissues revealed the following: (a) hepatocellular hemosiderosis in all groups of rats, with a dose-related accumulation of cytoplasmic Fe-positive material predominantly in hepatocytes located in the periportal region (Zone 1), (b) myocardial degeneration and necrosis (cardiomyopathy) with hemosiderin in interstitial macrophages or in myocardial fibers of animals with heart damage, (c) splenic lymphoid atrophy affecting the marginal zone of the white pulp and hemosiderin deposition in the sinusoidal macrophages, and (d) pancreatic atrophy with loss of both the endocrine and exocrine pancreatic tissue in those animals receiving 3,500 and 20,000 mu g Fe/g of diet. The toxic effects of Fe overload in this rat model include cellular apoptosis or necrosis in heart, spleen, and pancreas and, when coupled with the findings on lipid peroxidation, suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of the lesions. JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Whittaker, Paul AU - Hines, Fred A AU - Robl, Martin G AU - Dunkel, Virginia C AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204 Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 558 EP - 563 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755139557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Histopathological+Evaluation+of+Liver%2C+Pancreas%2C+Spleen%2C+and+Heart+from+Iron-Overloaded+Sprague-Dawley+Rats*+super%281%2C2%29&rft.au=Whittaker%2C+Paul%3BHines%2C+Fred+A%3BRobl%2C+Martin+G%3BDunkel%2C+Virginia+C&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339602400504 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339602400504 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Legislative Base: Maternal and Child Health Services Block Grant: Title V of the Social Security Act. Compilation of Maternal and Child Health Legislation, 1912-1996. AN - 62613683; ED408093 AB - This publication is a compilation of maternal and child health and related laws enacted since 1912. It is designed as a ready reference for understanding Title V state programs and Title V discretionary project grant programs. The Maternal and Child Health (MCH) program has operated as a federal-state partnership for more than 70 years. This compilation of legislation is a rich source of historic legislation and documents concerning the history of child health and welfare. It incorporates a full legislative history of Title V and an appropriations history of the program from 1935 to 1995. It also excerpts laws important to an understanding of the legislative history of maternal and child health in the United States. Included are significant MCH-related amendments to the Social Security Act, PHS Act programs later consolidated into the MCH block grant, and legislative documents affecting infant mortality and child health that predate the Social Security Act. Also included are current regulatory and program guidance citations for State MCH Block Grant applications and annual reports. The publication also contains a directory of state MCH telephone hotlines, which the states must maintain as a source of assistance to parents regarding Medicaid and MCH providers and resources. (SD) Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 595 PB - National Maternal and Child Health Clearinghouse, 2070 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 450, Vienna, VA 22182-2536; phone: 703-821-8955; fax: 703-821-2098 (single copy available at no cost). SN - 1572850361 KW - Social Security Act Title V KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - State Programs KW - State Legislation KW - Federal Aid KW - Mothers KW - National Programs KW - Child Health KW - Childhood Needs KW - Child Welfare KW - Health Promotion KW - Block Grants KW - Health Services KW - Health Needs KW - Federal Legislation KW - Health Insurance KW - Family Programs KW - Federal Programs KW - Federal State Relationship KW - Family Health KW - Family (Sociological Unit) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62613683?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Child Health USA '95. AN - 62609833; ED402048 AB - Published to provide reliable and current data for public health professionals and other individuals in the public and private sector to inform policymaking, this book compiles secondary data for 50 health status indicators and service needs of America's children. The book provides both a graphic and textual summary of the data and addresses long-term trends where applicable. Some statistics reveal the extent of progress toward "Healthy People 2000" goals or a reduction in the prevalence of unhealthful behaviors, while others reveal burgeoning or escalating health problems of women, children, and youth. Following an introduction that discusses trends and issues in children's health, the book has six sections : (1) "Anniversary Section," which summarizes data over the last 60 years; (2) "Population Characteristics," including children in poverty, working mothers, child care, school dropouts, and family composition; (3) "Health Status," discussing the health issue of infants, children, and adolescents; (4) "Health Services and Utilization," including immunizations, health care financing, physician and hospital care issues; (5) "State-Specific Data," including mortality, birthweight, perinatal and prenatal care, and children per pediatrician; and (6) "City Data," including infant mortality, birthweight, and prenatal care. Contains 50 references. (AMC) Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 79 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 016048829X KW - Death Records KW - Health Information KW - Health Policy KW - Health Status KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Health Programs KW - Birth Weight KW - Statistics KW - Mortality Rate KW - Young Children KW - Birth Rate KW - Child Health KW - Infant Mortality KW - Pregnancy KW - Demography KW - Health Services KW - Public Health KW - Premature Infants KW - Health Conditions KW - Child Neglect KW - Child Abuse KW - One Parent Family KW - Adolescents KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62609833?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For 1994 edition, see ED 376 387. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - CSAP Substance Abuse Resource Guide: Parents, Guardians, and Caregivers. AN - 62501531; ED414530 AB - Parents and guardians have a tremendous influence on the attitudes and behavior of their children, especially when it comes to substance abuse. Information and referrals to assist parents and guardians, as well as information and resources for prevention specialists and community leaders, are provided in this resource guide. The guide was compiled from a variety of publications and databases and represents the most current information to date, although it is not an all-inclusive listing of materials on this topic. It opens with an overview of prevention materials, featuring materials for parents' personal interest, as well as materials for parent educators, counselors, and community leaders. The next section provides synopses of studies, articles, and reports regarding adolescent substance use, parental influences, multicultural issues, and information derived from national surveys. Each synopsis includes complete publication information. Some research on studies, articles, and reports about parenting and drug-abusing women also appears in this research section. The last portion of the guide lists groups, organizations, and programs dedicated to supporting children and preventing substance abuse. A list of Internet access sites is also included in this section. (RJM) AU - Miller, Andrea B. Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 22 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parents KW - Practitioners KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Parent Materials KW - Resource Materials KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Guides KW - Children KW - Resource Centers KW - Drug Use KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62501531?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National household survey on drug abuse: main findings, 1994 T2 - Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS pubn. no. (SMA) 96-3085 AN - 59745966; 1996-1202840 AB - Prevalence of use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco for persons aged 12 and over; US. Demographic correlates; frequency and patterns of drug use since 1976. JF - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI), September 1996. 157+ pp. Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 EP - 157+ PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI) KW - Drug abuse -- United States -- Statistics KW - Smoking -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Health conditions KW - Drinking behavior -- United States -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59745966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=157%2B&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=National+household+survey+on+drug+abuse%3A+main+findings%2C+1994&rft.title=National+household+survey+on+drug+abuse%3A+main+findings%2C+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Nat Clearinghouse Alcohol and Drug Info pa N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linking Evaluation and Program Development: The Case of AHCPR-Supported Clinical Practice Guidelines AN - 1761696626; 199700124 AB - Blending evaluation & program development (research & development activities undertaken to build expertise & knowledge in a specific programmatic area) can strengthen the quality of a program & enhance the science of evaluation research. Here, the Agency for Health Care Policy & Research's (AHCPR's) evaluation strategy is described, highlighting evaluation activities for the agency's clinical practice guideline program. A case study illustrates the unique methodological challenges in guideline evaluation, the creation of new tools & approaches for evaluating clinical quality, & the benefits of linking evaluation research with program development. 1 Table, 9 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Evaluation & the Health Professions AU - Arispe, Irma E AU - Bernstein, Jill F AD - Agency Health Care Policy & Research US Public Health Service, 2101 East Jefferson St Room 600 Rockville MD 20854 Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - September 1996 SP - 377 EP - 393 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0163-2787, 0163-2787 KW - evaluation-program development link benefits, Agency for Health Care Policy & Research KW - case study KW - Health Care KW - Health Services KW - Evaluation Research KW - Government Agencies KW - Program Evaluation KW - Health Policy KW - article KW - 7220: evaluation research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1761696626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evaluation+%26+the+Health+Professions&rft.atitle=Linking+Evaluation+and+Program+Development%3A+The+Case+of+AHCPR-Supported+Clinical+Practice+Guidelines&rft.au=Arispe%2C+Irma+E%3BBernstein%2C+Jill+F&rft.aulast=Arispe&rft.aufirst=Irma&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Evaluation+%26+the+Health+Professions&rft.issn=01632787&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Health Policy; Health Services; Health Care; Government Agencies; Program Evaluation; Evaluation Research ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposures and health effects: An evaluation of workers at a sodium azide production plant AN - 15850243; 4014866 AB - Sodium azide is the principal gas-generating agent used to inflate automobile supplemental restraint systems, more commonly called airbags. Although sodium azide is known to affect the cardiovascular system by causing peripheral vasodilation, there is no published literature describing occupational exposures to sodium azide in the rapidly growing automobile airbag industry. In 1994-1995, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a cross-sectional study of health complaints reported by sodium azide production workers at the only continuous sodium azide production facility in the United States. The NIOSH evaluation consisted of a plant industrial hygiene survey, a symptom questionnaire, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and blood azide analysis. Personal breathing zone air monitoring revealed exposures to sodium azide and hydrazoic acid (a reactant product) at levels greater than the NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs). In some cases, exposures exceeded the REL despite the use of air-supplied respirators. The questionnaire revealed that most workers reported headache (10 of 11 [91%]), episodes of low blood pressure (9 of 11 [82%]), and palpitations (8 of 11 [73%]) occurring in the production areas within the 6 months preceding the study. Mild headache (4 of 11 [36%]) was the only symptom reported during our 24-hr medical survey. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring revealed one asymptomatic employee with a drop in blood pressure (defined as a drop in systolic [at least 20 mm Hg] and diastolic [at least 10 mm Hg] blood pressure) during a period of exposure to sodium azide at a level five times the NIOSH REL. Improvements in plant engineering controls, increased attention to employee hygiene practices, and a more comprehensive respiratory protection program were recommendations made by NIOSH to reduce exposures at the plant. All facilities handling sodium azide should be aware of the potential toxicity of sodium azide and hydrazoic acid. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Trout, D AU - Esswein, E J AU - Hales, T AU - Brown, K AU - Solomon, G AU - Miller, M AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 343 EP - 350 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - airbags KW - automotive industry KW - sodium azide KW - hydrazoic acid KW - headache KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - respiratory system KW - blood pressure KW - motor vehicles KW - chemicals KW - occupational exposure KW - X 24153:Metabolism KW - H SI0.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - H ST2.20:AUTOMOBILES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15850243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Exposures+and+health+effects%3A+An+evaluation+of+workers+at+a+sodium+azide+production+plant&rft.au=Trout%2C+D%3BEsswein%2C+E+J%3BHales%2C+T%3BBrown%2C+K%3BSolomon%2C+G%3BMiller%2C+M&rft.aulast=Trout&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational exposure; blood pressure; automotive industry; respiratory system; chemicals; motor vehicles; headache ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurodegenerative diseases: Occupational occurrence and potential risk factors, 1982 through 1991 AN - 15824715; 4010737 AB - This study examined the occupational occurrence of various neurodegenerative diseases. Death certificates from 27 states in the National Occupational Mortality Surveillance System were evaluated for 1982 to 1991. Proportionate mortality ratios were calculated by occupation for presenile dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron disease. Excess mortality was observed for all four categories in the following occupational categories: teachers; medical personnel; machinists and machine operators; scientists; writers/designers/entertainers; and support and clerical workers. Clusters of three neurodegenerative diseases were also found in occupations involving pesticides, solvents, and electromagnetic fields and in legal, library, social, and religious work. Early death from motor neuron disease was found for firefighters, janitors, military personnel, teachers, excavation machine operators, and veterinarians, among others. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Schulte, P A AU - Burnett, CA AU - Boeniger, M F AU - Johnson, J AD - NIOSH C-14, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 SP - 1281 EP - 1288 VL - 86 IS - 9 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - neuropathy KW - Parkinson's disease KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Alzheimer's disease KW - electromagnetic fields KW - historical account KW - solvents KW - occupational diseases KW - occupational exposure KW - mortality KW - risk assessment KW - pesticides KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H SM10.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15824715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Neurodegenerative+diseases%3A+Occupational+occurrence+and+potential+risk+factors%2C+1982+through+1991&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BBurnett%2C+CA%3BBoeniger%2C+M+F%3BJohnson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational diseases; historical account; mortality; Alzheimer's disease; pesticides; solvents; electromagnetic fields; occupational exposure; risk assessment; neuropathy; Parkinson's disease ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Selected regulatory and scientific topics for candidate rotavirus vaccine development AN - 15784634; 3986950 AB - Various aspects of the development of rotavirus vaccine candidates are discussed. As is true with other vaccines, comprehensive testing must be done to detect the possible presence of adventitious agents in the vaccine and seed preparations. Consideration must also be given to other biologic materials that come in contact with the vaccine preparation during production to prevent the introduction of contaminants. The clinical testing of rotavirus vaccines from early safety and immunogenicity studies through final efficacy studies is also discussed. Issues surrounding coadministration of investigational rotavirus vaccines with US-licensed vaccines are ideally addressed before initiation of efficacy trials. Other subjects discussed are identification of correlates of protection, multivalent vaccines, foreign efficacy trials, safety data, and statistical considerations. Sponsors of investigational vaccines are urged to contact the Food and Drug Administration for guidance during the development process, especially before the investigational new drug application and pivotal efficacy trial stages. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases [J. INFECT. DIS.]. Vol. 174, no. 1 Suppl. Sep 1996. AU - Henchal, L S AU - Midthun, K AU - Goldenthal, K L A2 - Glass, RI A2 - Compans, R A2 - Lang, D (eds) Y1 - 1996/09// PY - 1996 DA - Sep 1996 EP - no. 1 Sul. KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - rotavirus KW - vaccines KW - immunogenicity KW - quality control KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - A 01097:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15784634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Industrial+and+Applied+Microbiology+Abstracts+%28Microbiology+A%29&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Henchal%2C+L+S%3BMidthun%2C+K%3BGoldenthal%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Henchal&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+1+Sul.&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Selected+regulatory+and+scientific+topics+for+candidate+rotavirus+vaccine+development&rft.title=Selected+regulatory+and+scientific+topics+for+candidate+rotavirus+vaccine+development&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - PROPOSED U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION LABORATORY, IRVINE, ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. AN - 36408220; 6036 AB - PURPOSE: The construction of a 140,000 square-foot Food and Drug Administration (FDA) facility on the campus of the University of California, Irvine (UCI), in the city of Irvine, California, is proposed. The UCI campus is located approximately 40 air miles southeast of downtown Los Angeles. The facility would consolidate existing facilities: an FDA laboratory in downtown Los Angeles, including the California State Department of Health Food and Drug Section; complementary functions from the FDA San Francisco laboratory; and the FDA Irvine office. The laboratory would be multifunctional with respect to FDA activities, including administrative functions, such as investigation and compliance activities, and laboratory testing and analytical services. The facility would have a food chemistry branch, drug chemistry branch, pesticides branch, microbiology branch, and biochemistry section for its testing and analytical services. Portions or functions of the laboratory could be used, in cooperation with UCI, for educational purposes. The facility would employ approximately 230 persons to provide administrative functions, including industry outreach and partnering, investigation, compliance, and public affairs activities; and laboratory testing and analytical services in the areas of food and drug chemistry, pesticides, microbiology, and biochemistry. Issues of concern include building design, parking, landscaping, utilities, security, site preparation, activities to be performed when in operation, and the cumulative impacts of other future development projects within surrounding cities. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, were considered in the draft EIS of June 1996. Under the proposed alternative, the 140,000 square-foot, two-story facility would be constructed on a 10-acre site that would be purchased from the University of California. The site is located in the southern portion of the 118-acre North Campus area, which is physically separated from the rest of the campus by the San Joaquin Freshwater Marsh Reserve, San Diego Creek, and University Drive. The site fronts on Fairchild Road, east of MacArthur Boulevard and south of Jamboree Road. The other alternatives under consideration include alternative site configurations with the construction of a building three or more stories tall and an alternative site on the northeast corner of Barrance Parkway and Laguna Canyon Road in Irvine. This final EIS, which is issued in abbreviated format, contains corrections and revisions to the draft EIS as well as public comments and agency responses. The draft EIS has been reissued as a companion document. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The consolidation of FDA offices would improve efficiency, reduce costs, and make it possible for the FDA to meet the requirements of conducting regulatory science into the 21st century. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The project would adversely affect archeological site CA-ORA-116, a small prehistoric campsite or seasonally occupied village overlooking the San Joaquin Marsh that is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Excavation could adversely affect paleontological resources. Ten acres of open space and non-native grassland habitat would be lost, which also could result in reduced wildlife access to the Marsh Reserve area. Exotic plant species could be introduced into the reserve, displacing native species. Altered surface runoff conditions could adversely affect water quality in the San Diego Creek and the Marsh Reserve, and the quantity of water delivered to the reserve. LEGAL MANDATES: Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4601). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 96-0276D, Volume 20, Number 3. JF - EPA number: 960415, Final EIS--101 pages, Draft EIS--241 pages, August 26, 1996 PY - 1996 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Archaeological Sites KW - Buildings KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Land Use KW - Paleontological Sites KW - Public Health KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Site Planning KW - Wetlands KW - California KW - City of Irvine, California KW - San Diego Creek KW - San Joaquin Freshwater Marsh Reserve KW - Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36408220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-08-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=PROPOSED+U.S.+FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+LABORATORY%2C+IRVINE%2C+ORANGE+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=PROPOSED+U.S.+FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+LABORATORY%2C+IRVINE%2C+ORANGE+COUNTY%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles, California; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: August 26, 1996 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental tobacco smoke and coronary heart disease in the American Cancer Society CPS-II cohort. AN - 78278632; 8772680 AB - Thirteen of 14 epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of approximately 20% for coronary heart disease (CHD) for never-smokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), but this association remains controversial. If true, ETS might account for an estimated 35,000 to 40,000 heart disease deaths per year in the United States. We have conducted the largest study to date, a prospective study of 353,180 female and 126,500 male never-smokers enrolled in 1982 in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II and followed through 1989. Analyses focused on subcohorts of 309,599 married pairs and of 135,237 subjects concordant for self-reported exposure and exposure reported by each one's spouse. More than 2800 CHD deaths (ICD 410-414) occurred among married pairs; 10% of married men and 28% of married women were married to currently smoking spouses, while 10% and 32%, respectively, were married to former smokers. After controlling for many cardiovascular risk factors, we found 22% higher CHD mortality (rate ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.40) among never-smoking men married to currently smoking wives compared with those married to wives who had never smoked. The corresponding rate ratio for women was 1.10 (0.96 to 1.27). Never-smokers living with former smokers showed no increased risk. When analyses were restricted to subjects whose ETS exposure was classified via both their own self-report and a spouse's report, the rate ratio was 1.23 (1.03 to 1.47) for currently exposed men and 1.19 (0.97 to 1.45) for women. Results are consistent with prior reports that never-smokers currently exposed to ETS have about 20% higher CHD death rates. However, our data do not show consistent dose-response trends and are possibly subject to confounding by unmeasured risk factors. JF - Circulation AU - Steenland, K AU - Thun, M AU - Lally, C AU - Heath, C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. knsl@nioshel.em.cdc.gov Y1 - 1996/08/15/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Aug 15 SP - 622 EP - 628 VL - 94 IS - 4 SN - 0009-7322, 0009-7322 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Demography KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Coronary Disease -- mortality KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Coronary Disease -- epidemiology KW - Spouses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78278632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Circulation&rft.atitle=Environmental+tobacco+smoke+and+coronary+heart+disease+in+the+American+Cancer+Society+CPS-II+cohort.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BThun%2C+M%3BLally%2C+C%3BHeath%2C+C&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-08-15&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=622&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Circulation&rft.issn=00097322&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-10 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Circulation. 1996 Aug 15;94(4):596-8 [8772672] Circulation. 1996 Aug 15;94(4):599 [8772673] Circulation. 1997 Sep 16;96(6):2086-9 [9323111] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective inhibition of the effects of phorbol ester on doxorubicin resistance and P-glycoprotein by the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7) in multidrug-resistant MCF-7/Dox human breast carcinoma cells. AN - 78130581; 8687492 AB - The possible regulation of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype and P-glycoprotein by protein kinase C (PKC) was investigated in the doxorubicin (Dox)-resistant MCF-7 cell line (MCF-7/Dox). In a clonogenic assay, cells exposed to 100 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 1 hr were about 3-fold more resistant to Dox than were cells exposed to Dox alone. The PKC inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7, 30 microM) completely blocked the PMA-induced effect, but did not reverse the MDR phenotype. Complete down-regulation of PKC from MCF-7/Dox cells by 24-hr preincubation with PMA did not alter the degree of Dox resistance. Intracellular accumulation of [14C]Dox decreased from a baseline of 28 pmol/10(6) cells to 15 pmol/10(6) cells in the presence of 100 nM PMA. The reduced Dox accumulation in the presence of PMA was not blocked by pretreatment of cells with H7. Following a 24-hr pretreatment with PMA, the cells accumulated almost equal amounts of [14C]Dox in the absence or presence of PMA. Cells from PMA-treated colonies showed significantly higher levels of expression of P-glycoprotein when compared with those from control colonies. H7 did not affect the basal level of P-glycoprotein in cells from control colonies or PMA-induced overexpression of P-glycoprotein in cells from PMA-treated colonies. Upon stimulation with PMA (100 nM), PKC alpha and beta translocated to the cell membrane and nucleus and PKC delta and epsilon to the perinuclear membrane and the nucleus, respectively. H7 (30 microM) completely inhibited PMA-induced translocations of PKC delta and epsilon, whereas it only partially blocked the translocations of PKC alpha and beta. These results suggest that PMA appears to alter Dox resistance and intracellular Dox accumulation in a PKC-dependent manner and to induce increased expression of P-glycoprotein in MCF-7/Dox cells. Differential effects of H7 on the PMA-induced changes suggest that different isoforms of PKC may be involved in cell growth and drug accumulation processes as well as P-glycoprotein expression. JF - Biochemical pharmacology AU - Ahn, C H AU - Kong, J Y AU - Choi, W C AU - Hwang, M S AD - Division of Oncology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1996/08/09/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Aug 09 SP - 393 EP - 399 VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - P-Glycoprotein KW - 0 KW - Phorbol Esters KW - Piperazines KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Doxorubicin -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Drug Resistance KW - Time Factors KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Protein Kinase C -- metabolism KW - Phorbol Esters -- pharmacology KW - P-Glycoprotein -- drug effects KW - Breast Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Piperazines -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78130581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Selective+inhibition+of+the+effects+of+phorbol+ester+on+doxorubicin+resistance+and+P-glycoprotein+by+the+protein+kinase+C+inhibitor+1-%285-isoquinolinesulfonyl%29-2-methylpiperazine+%28H7%29+in+multidrug-resistant+MCF-7%2FDox+human+breast+carcinoma+cells.&rft.au=Ahn%2C+C+H%3BKong%2C+J+Y%3BChoi%2C+W+C%3BHwang%2C+M+S&rft.aulast=Ahn&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-08-09&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-19 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring of aromatic amine exposures in workers at a chemical plant with a known bladder cancer excess. AN - 78200026; 8683635 AB - In April 1991, an excess of bladder cancer cases among workers employed at a chemical manufacturing facility in Niagara Falls, NY, was reported. This excess was primarily confined to 708 workers who had ever been employed in the rubber chemicals manufacturing area of the plant, where the aromatic amines aniline and o-toluidine have historically been used. An environmental and biological monitoring survey was conducted to evaluate current exposures to aniline and o-toluidine in the rubber chemicals department. Personal air sampling for aniline and o-toluidine was conducted with the use of a modified Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 73 method. Urine samples were collected before and after work (i.e., pre-shift and post-shift, respectively) and stored at -70 degrees C. Base hydrolysis was used to convert acetanilide and N-acetyl-o-toluidine, metabolites of aniline and o-toluidine present in the urine, to the parent compounds. The parent compounds were extracted from the alkaline urine into butyl chloride and then back-extracted from the butyl chloride into aqueous hydrochloric acid. An aliquot of each acidic extract was subjected to ion-interaction reversed-phase liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection. Hemoglobin (Hb) was extracted from blood and stored at -70 degrees C. For the measurement of adducts of aniline, o-toluidine, and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), precipitated Hb was dissolved in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide in the presence of recovery standards, and the hydrolysate was extracted with hexane, derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization. A total of 73 workers, including 46 of 64 exposed workers who were employed in the rubber chemicals department and had the potential for exposure to aniline and o-toluidine and 27 of 52 unexposed workers employed in other departments where aniline and o-toluidine were not used or produced, had data available for both aniline and o-toluidine and Hb adducts; 28 of the workers in the former group also had personal air-sampling data. Personal air sample measurements showed that airborne concentrations of aniline and o-toluidine were well within the limits allowed in the workplace by OSHA. Urinary aniline and o-toluidine levels, however, were substantially higher among exposed workers than among unexposed control subjects. The most striking differential was for post-shift urinary o-toluidine levels, which averaged (+/- standard deviation) 2.8 micrograms/L (+/- 1.4 micrograms/L) in unexposed subjects and 98.7 micrograms/L (+/- 119.4 micrograms/L) in exposed subjects (P = .0001). Average aniline-Hb and o-toluidine-Hb adduct levels were also significantly higher (P = .0001) among exposed workers than among unexposed control subjects. Average levels of adducts to 4-ABP, a potential contaminant of process chemicals, were not significantly different (P = .48), although three exposed workers had 4-ABP levels above the range in unexposed workers. The adduct data suggest that, among current workers, o-toluidine exposure substantially exceeds aniline exposure and that 4-ABP exposure, if it occurs at all, is not widespread. These data support the conclusion that occupational exposure to o-toluidine is the most likely causal agent of the bladder cancer excess observed among workers in the rubber chemicals department of the plant under study, although exposures to aniline and 4-ABP cannot be ruled out. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Ward, E M AU - Sabbioni, G AU - DeBord, D G AU - Teass, A W AU - Brown, K K AU - Talaska, G G AU - Roberts, D R AU - Ruder, A M AU - Streicher, R P AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/08/07/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Aug 07 SP - 1046 EP - 1052 VL - 88 IS - 15 SN - 0027-8874, 0027-8874 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Toluidines KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - 2-toluidine KW - B635MZ0ZLU KW - aniline KW - SIR7XX2F1K KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Chemical Industry KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Toluidines -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Toluidines -- urine KW - Air -- analysis KW - Aniline Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Aniline Compounds -- urine KW - Toluidines -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Aniline Compounds -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78200026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Monitoring+of+aromatic+amine+exposures+in+workers+at+a+chemical+plant+with+a+known+bladder+cancer+excess.&rft.au=Ward%2C+E+M%3BSabbioni%2C+G%3BDeBord%2C+D+G%3BTeass%2C+A+W%3BBrown%2C+K+K%3BTalaska%2C+G+G%3BRoberts%2C+D+R%3BRuder%2C+A+M%3BStreicher%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-08-07&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1046&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-21 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997 May 21;89(10):734; author reply 735-6 [9168191] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997 May 21;89(10):734-5; author reply 735-6 [9168192] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of fumonisin B1 on oxygen transport in membranes. AN - 78222845; 8769126 AB - Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-label oximetry has been used to study the effects of fumonisin B1 (FB1), a sphingoid-like mycotoxin, on oxygen transport in phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayers. Moreover, the use of spin labels attached to different carbons of fatty acids makes it possible to do structural and oximetric determinations with the same test sample. Specifically, the incorporation of 10 mol% FB1 increased the oxygen transport properties of both saturated and unsaturated membranes at 37 degrees C by ca. 30% and decreased the ordering of the hydrocarbon chains near the surface of the membranes; concomitantly, oxygen transport near the center of bilayers was diminished slightly, and the relative oxygen diffusion-concentration product profile curves were markedly flattened. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Yin, J J AU - Smith, M J AU - Eppley, R M AU - Page, S W AU - Sphon, J A AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. j2y@fdacf.ssw.dhhs.gov Y1 - 1996/08/05/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Aug 05 SP - 250 EP - 255 VL - 225 IS - 1 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Lipid Bilayers KW - Mycotoxins KW - Phosphatidylcholines KW - Spin Labels KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine KW - U86ZGC74V5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy -- methods KW - Diffusion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78222845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Effects+of+fumonisin+B1+on+oxygen+transport+in+membranes.&rft.au=Yin%2C+J+J%3BSmith%2C+M+J%3BEppley%2C+R+M%3BPage%2C+S+W%3BSphon%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Yin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-08-05&rft.volume=225&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Precision of benchmark dose estimates for continuous (nonquantal) measurements of toxic effects. AN - 78548942; 8921542 AB - The benchmark dose (BMD) corresponding to a low level of the risk of induced disease, e.g., 1 to 10%, has been proposed by various authors as a replacement for the no observed adverse effect level for noncancer endpoints in the regulation of the conditions of exposure to chemicals. This paper focuses on the variability of estimates of the BMD for nonquantal (continuous measurements) of biological endpoints such as are encountered for hematological data, clinical chemistry, and studies of neurotoxic effects. For biological endpoints that can be described by a normal distribution, estimates of the mean and standard deviation are required to calculate the BMD. Estimates of the standard deviation generally are quite variable, particularly for small sample sizes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the precision of the estimates of risk and of the BMD resulting from the inherent variability of the estimates of the standard deviations particularly for bioassays that employ a small number of animals. When the standard deviation is underestimated, the BMD and the regulatory "safe" dose are underestimated. Conversely, when the standard deviation is overestimated, the BMD and safe dose are overestimated. Overestimation of the BMD can be reduced or eliminated by using a lower confidence limit. The worst cases arise where only a few animals are used per dose and the dose response is supralinear (changes rapidly at low doses and levels off at higher doses). If the standard deviation is constant across doses (for lognormally distributed data if the coefficient of variation is constant), a pooled estimate across doses of the standard deviation can be used. In this case, for bioassays employing a total of 40 to 50 animals, the calculation of the BMD will generally be within a factor of 2 of the true value. When the standard deviation is not constant across dose groups, it is desirable to have more than 10 animals per dose group. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Chen, J J AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 19 EP - 23 VL - 24 IS - 1 Pt 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Biological Assay KW - Models, Statistical KW - Sample Size KW - Risk Assessment KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78548942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Precision+of+benchmark+dose+estimates+for+continuous+%28nonquantal%29+measurements+of+toxic+effects.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BChen%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1+Pt+1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-13 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of bromate in bottled water by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column flow reactor detection. AN - 78446746; 8871120 AB - The objective of this work was to develop a reliable, rugged high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determination of trace levels of bromate (< 10 micrograms/l) in bottled water. HPLC separation was achieved by ion interaction chromatography using a C-18 reversed-phase column and a mobile phase consisting of methanol/water (20:80, v/v) with tetrabutylammonium acetate as the ion interaction reagent. A post-column reaction based on oxidation of o-dianisidine in acidic solution to a product detected at 500 nm provided selective measurement of the oxidants. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation were 1 and 3 micrograms/l, respectively. Iodate, chlorite, and nitrite were chromatographically separated from bromate and measured by monitoring the post-column reaction. Chloride and chlorate at levels that might be found in bottled water did not interfere with the determination of bromate. Bromate was detected in bottled waters at concentrations up to 40 micrograms/l. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Warner, C R AU - Daniels, D H AU - Joe, F L AU - Diachenko, G W AD - Office of Premarket Approval, US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 633 EP - 638 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Bromates KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Water -- analysis KW - Bromates -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78446746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+bromate+in+bottled+water+by+high-performance+liquid+chromatography+with+post-column+flow+reactor+detection.&rft.au=Warner%2C+C+R%3BDaniels%2C+D+H%3BJoe%2C+F+L%3BDiachenko%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-07 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening method for the gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric determination of microgram/litre levels of bromate in bottled water. AN - 78445408; 8871119 AB - Bromate can be formed as a by-product of ozone treatment that is sometimes used for the disinfection of municipal water supplies and bottled waters. The US Environmental Protection Agency has proposed a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 micrograms/l for bromate in public drinking water. Should the proposed MCL for bromate become final, it may then be considered for adoption as a bottled water quality standard by the US Food and Drug Administration. This paper reports the development of a gas chromatographic/ mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method for the determination of parts-per-billion (microgram/l) levels of bromate (BrO3-) in bottled water. The GC/MS method was validated by using distilled and deionized Milli-Q water; detection limits, quantitation limits, and recoveries were determined and identities were confirmed by MS on the basis of analyses of test portions fortified with BrO3- at 0.8, 3.8, 7.7, 15, and 46 micrograms/l. The method also was evaluated on the basis of recoveries determined for two commercial brands of bottled water fortified with BrO3- at 3.8 and 7.7 micrograms/l and two commercial brands fortified at 0.8, 3.8, and 7.7 micrograms/l. For the Milli-Q water, recoveries ranged from 100 to 121%; for the fortified commercial products, recoveries ranged from 87 to 115%. The limits of detection and quantitation were determined to be 0.4 and 0.7 microgram/l, respectively. Several commercial brands of bottled water were analysed, and BrO3- was found in these products at levels ranging from none to 38 micrograms/l. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Nyman, P J AU - Canas, B J AU - Joe, F L AU - Diachenko, G W AD - Division of Product Manufacture and Use, US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 623 EP - 631 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Bromates KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Water Purification KW - Water -- analysis KW - Bromates -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78445408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Screening+method+for+the+gas+chromatographic%2Fmass+spectrometric+determination+of+microgram%2Flitre+levels+of+bromate+in+bottled+water.&rft.au=Nyman%2C+P+J%3BCanas%2C+B+J%3BJoe%2C+F+L%3BDiachenko%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Nyman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-07 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - US Food and Drug Administration proposes federal regulation of labeling of latex-containing medical devices. AN - 78407231; 8853787 JF - AORN journal AU - Kedas, A M AU - Dillard, S AU - Tomazic, V AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md, USA. Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 290 EP - 292 VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2092, 0001-2092 KW - Latex KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Latex -- adverse effects KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Product Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Equipment and Supplies -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78407231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AORN+journal&rft.atitle=US+Food+and+Drug+Administration+proposes+federal+regulation+of+labeling+of+latex-containing+medical+devices.&rft.au=Kedas%2C+A+M%3BDillard%2C+S%3BTomazic%2C+V&rft.aulast=Kedas&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AORN+journal&rft.issn=00012092&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute and chronic liver toxicity resulting from exposure to chlorinated naphthalenes at a cable manufacturing plant during World War II. AN - 78401862; 8844054 AB - Historical records were used to reconstruct an outbreak of chlorance and acute liver toxicity due to chlorinated naphthalene exposure at a New York State plant which manufactured "Navy cables" during World War II. A cohort mortality study was conducted of the population (n = 9,028) employed at the plant from 1940 to 1944. Vital status was followed through December 31, 1985. The study found an excess of deaths from cirrhosis of the liver [observed (OBS) = 150; standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 1.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.56-2.16]; cirrhosis deaths were elevated to a similar degree in the 460 individuals who had chlorance (OBS = 8; SMR = 1.51; CI = 0.65-2.98). The SMR for "non-alcoholic cirrhosis" (OBS = 83; SMR = 1.67; CI = 1.33-2.07) was similar to the SMR for "alcoholic cirrhosis" (OBS = 59; SMR = 1.96; CI = 1.49-2.53). There was no evidence for increased alcoholism in the overall cohort based on mortality from alcohol-related causes of death other than cirrhosis (SMR for esophageal cancer = 1.01 and for deaths from alcoholism = 0.99). We conclude that the excess mortality from cirrhosis of the liver observed in this cohort is due to the chronic effect of chlorinated naphthalene exposure. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Ward, E M AU - Ruder, A M AU - Suruda, A AU - Smith, A B AU - Fessler-Flesch, C A AU - Zahm, S H AD - Industrywide Studies Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 225 EP - 233 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Naphthalenes KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - Acute Disease KW - History, 20th Century KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Liver Cirrhosis -- history KW - New York -- epidemiology KW - Warfare KW - Adult KW - Chronic Disease KW - Time Factors KW - Liver Cirrhosis -- mortality KW - Female KW - Male KW - Liver Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- history KW - Naphthalenes -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- history KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Liver Diseases -- history KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Disease Outbreaks -- history UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78401862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Acute+and+chronic+liver+toxicity+resulting+from+exposure+to+chlorinated+naphthalenes+at+a+cable+manufacturing+plant+during+World+War+II.&rft.au=Ward%2C+E+M%3BRuder%2C+A+M%3BSuruda%2C+A%3BSmith%2C+A+B%3BFessler-Flesch%2C+C+A%3BZahm%2C+S+H&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Traumatic occupational fatalities in the U.S. and Australian construction industries. AN - 78401797; 8844050 AB - The occupational injury experience of the U.S. and Australian construction industries for 1988-1991 was compared to identify similarities and differences in risk and to share information vital for planning strategies for prevention. There were 4,158 deaths in the U.S. and 264 in the Australian construction industries. Workers in both countries, particularly laborers, were at high risk, with mean annual rates of 13.8/100,000 and 11.6, respectively, more than double the national averages. Falls, motor vehicles, electrocutions, and machinery were the leading causes of death in both countries, and accounted for 69% of the fatalities in the U.S. and 71% in Australia. International collaborations focusing injury and fatality prevention efforts on the common leading causes and high risk groups, and sharing successful prevention experiences between countries could save the lives of many construction workers world wide. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Ore, T AU - Stout, N A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 202 EP - 206 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Australia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Construction Materials KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Health KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78401797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Traumatic+occupational+fatalities+in+the+U.S.+and+Australian+construction+industries.&rft.au=Ore%2C+T%3BStout%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Ore&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data quality of the Drug Abuse Warning Network. AN - 78398901; 8841687 AB - The purpose of this article was to assess the quality of data collected by the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), which reports drug abuse emergency department visits. The results of quality assurance studies at 36 sites were reviewed and interpreted. Data collection procedures are not consistent among hospitals and, along with personnel, regularly change within a hospital. Trained investigators reabstracted DAWN report forms at 24 sites and determined that only 57.4% of the cases that met DAWN case definition criteria had been reported; one of five cases had been reported at one site. The technique used in 11 (47.8%) of 23 hospitals to screen for potential DAWN cases detected only 36% of the cases found when all medical charts are examined. The investigators found discrepancies between reported and actual cases in 81.3% of the report forms reabstracted, with an average of 2.3 errors per form. Information as to the drug(s) involved was incorrect in 36.3% of the forms. Due to underreporting of drug abuse emergency department visits and poor quality data in DAWN report forms, DAWN estimates of drug activity must be viewed with caution. Furthermore, estimation of trends is risky, due to differences between emergency departments as to reporting systems and changes over time. JF - The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse AU - Roberts, C D AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. CROBERTS@SAMHSA.GOV Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 389 EP - 401 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0095-2990, 0095-2990 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Data Collection KW - Community Networks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78398901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+drug+and+alcohol+abuse&rft.atitle=Data+quality+of+the+Drug+Abuse+Warning+Network.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+drug+and+alcohol+abuse&rft.issn=00952990&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Knockout mice and dirty drugs. Drug addiction. AN - 78316696; 8805320 AB - Recent studies with knockout mice implicate the dopamine transporter as the target of the locomotor effects of the addictive psychomotor drugs cocaine and amphetamine; studies of reward in these animals are eagerly awaited. JF - Current biology : CB AU - Uhl, G R AU - Vandenbergh, D J AU - Miner, L L AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse Addiction Research Center, PO Box 5180, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. Y1 - 1996/08/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Aug 01 SP - 935 EP - 936 VL - 6 IS - 8 SN - 0960-9822, 0960-9822 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Membrane Transport Proteins KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins KW - Amphetamine KW - CK833KGX7E KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Locomotion -- drug effects KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- metabolism KW - Carrier Proteins -- metabolism KW - Carrier Proteins -- drug effects KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- genetics KW - Cocaine -- pharmacology KW - Amphetamine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78316696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+biology+%3A+CB&rft.atitle=Knockout+mice+and+dirty+drugs.+Drug+addiction.&rft.au=Uhl%2C+G+R%3BVandenbergh%2C+D+J%3BMiner%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Uhl&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=935&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+biology+%3A+CB&rft.issn=09609822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-07 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Minimal requirements for murine resistance to infection with Francisella tularensis LVS. AN - 78227098; 8757866 AB - Intraperitoneal or intravenous infection of mice with Francisella tularensis LVS is lethal, with an intraperitoneal 50% lethal dose (LD50) approaching a single bacterium. Intradermal (i.d.) LVS infection has a much higher LD50, about 10(6) bacteria in BALB/cByJ mice, and survival of i.d. infection leads to solid generation of immunity against lethal challenge. To define the minimal requirements for both initial and long-term survival of i.d. infection, we characterized the nature of i.d. LVS infection in lymphocyte-deficient BALB/cByJ.scid (scid) mice. scid mice infected i.d. with strain LVS survived for about 20 days and then died from overwhelming disseminated infection. However, scid mice treated with monoclonal antibodies to gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, or neutrophils-granulocytes all died within 1 week of infection, indicating that these were essential for early control of infection. Studies using GKO (gamma interferon knockout) mice emphasized that gamma interferon is absolutely required for initial survival of i.d. LVS infection. scid mice could be reconstituted for long-term survival of i.d. LVS infection and clearance of bacteria by intravenous transfer of splenic lymphocytes or purified B220-/T+ lymphocytes but not nu/nu lymphocytes. T cells are therefore required for long-term clearance and survival of i.d. LVS infection; efforts to determine whether CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, or both are involved are ongoing. JF - Infection and immunity AU - Elkins, K L AU - Rhinehart-Jones, T R AU - Culkin, S J AU - Yee, D AU - Winegar, R K AD - Laboratory of Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 3288 EP - 3293 VL - 64 IS - 8 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - 0 KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- immunology KW - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Mice, Nude KW - Immunity, Innate KW - Interferon-gamma -- immunology KW - Mice KW - Francisella tularensis -- pathogenicity KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Francisella tularensis -- classification KW - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - T-Lymphocyte Subsets -- immunology KW - Peritoneal Diseases KW - Immunotherapy, Adoptive KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, SCID KW - Species Specificity KW - Survival Analysis KW - Tularemia -- immunology KW - Tularemia -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78227098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+immunity&rft.atitle=Minimal+requirements+for+murine+resistance+to+infection+with+Francisella+tularensis+LVS.&rft.au=Elkins%2C+K+L%3BRhinehart-Jones%2C+T+R%3BCulkin%2C+S+J%3BYee%2C+D%3BWinegar%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Immunol. 1982 Oct;129(4):1349-51 [7050243] Infect Immun. 1993 Mar;61(3):1113-6 [8432593] J Clin Microbiol. 1985 Aug;22(2):212-5 [4031036] J Immunol. 1987 Jan 1;138(1):293-8 [3097148] J Immunol. 1987 Aug 15;139(4):1104-7 [3112223] Infect Immun. 1988 May;56(5):1194-202 [3356465] Rev Infect Dis. 1989 Mar-Apr;11 Suppl 2:S448-54 [2785283] J Immunol. 1989 Jun 1;142(11):3884-93 [2469726] Infect Immun. 1993 Mar;61(3):823-9 [8432603] Science. 1993 Mar 19;259(5102):1742-5 [8456301] Microb Pathog. 1992 Nov;13(5):417-21 [1297917] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Apr 15;90(8):3725-9 [8097322] Cell. 1993 May 7;73(3):457-67 [8387893] Infect Immun. 1993 Jun;61(6):2585-95 [8500896] Nature. 1993 Aug 26;364(6440):798-802 [8395024] Nature. 1993 Sep 2;365(6441):53-6 [8361537] Eur J Immunol. 1993 Sep;23(9):2237-41 [8370404] Infect Immun. 1993 Oct;61(10):4038-44 [8406791] J Exp Med. 1993 Dec 1;178(6):2249-54 [7504064] J Exp Med. 1994 Jan 1;179(1):259-68 [8270870] Nature. 1994 Feb 3;367(6462):425-8 [8107800] Infect Immun. 1994 Jul;62(7):2779-83 [8005668] Infect Immun. 1994 Aug;62(8):3129-37 [8039881] J Immunol. 1994 Oct 1;153(7):3116-22 [7726898] Infect Immun. 1994 Dec;62(12):5603-7 [7960142] Eur J Immunol. 1995 Feb;25(2):377-84 [7875199] Immunol Today. 1995 Jan;16(1):21-6 [7880385] Rev Infect Dis. 1989 May-Jun;11(3):440-51 [2665002] Microb Pathog. 1989 Dec;7(6):421-8 [2516219] Immunology. 1990 Sep;71(1):107-12 [2120126] J Exp Med. 1991 Sep 1;174(3):741-4 [1908513] Infect Immun. 1991 Sep;59(9):2922-8 [1879918] Infect Immun. 1992 Jan;60(1):84-9 [1729199] Infect Immun. 1992 Feb;60(2):450-4 [1730475] Immunol Rev. 1991 Dec;124:75-95 [1804783] Curr Opin Immunol. 1992 Feb;4(1):20-4 [1596365] J Immunol. 1989 Jul 1;143(1):127-30 [2499625] J Immunol. 1989 Jul 1;143(1):266-74 [2499629] Science. 1992 Jul 24;257(5069):548-51 [1636093] J Exp Med. 1992 Aug 1;176(2):581-6 [1354243] Infect Immun. 1992 Nov;60(11):4571-7 [1398969] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Dec 1;89(23):11612-6 [1360672] J Immunol. 1985 Mar;134(3):1609-18 [2578513] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of illicit and abused drugs in the general population, emergency department drug-related episodes, and arrestees. AN - 78222072; 8697607 AB - National trends in substance abuse are presented: the civilian noninstitutionalized general population; drug-related emergency department episodes; and booked arrestees. Major metropolitan differences are also noted. This study was based on the primary national data systems for these groups: The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, SAMHSA's Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), and the National Institute of Justice Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) system. While the most prevalent drug differed in the three data sources, all three showed recent increases in marijuana. Despite the general decline in drug use seen in the general population, both the number of drug-related cases in the DAWN system and the drug use detected in the DUF arrestees showed recent increases. JF - Clinical chemistry AU - Rouse, B A AD - Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. brouse@samhsa.gov Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 1330 EP - 1336 VL - 42 IS - 8 Pt 2 SN - 0009-9147, 0009-9147 KW - Cannabinoids KW - 0 KW - Narcotics KW - Street Drugs KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Cocaine -- urine KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Narcotics -- urine KW - Cannabinoids -- urine KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Substance Abuse Detection -- methods KW - Male KW - Female KW - Criminology KW - Emergency Service, Hospital KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78222072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+illicit+and+abused+drugs+in+the+general+population%2C+emergency+department+drug-related+episodes%2C+and+arrestees.&rft.au=Rouse%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Rouse&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=8+Pt+2&rft.spage=1330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+chemistry&rft.issn=00099147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol withdrawal syndrome. AN - 78202491; 8701843 AB - Hundreds of thousands of significant alcohol withdrawal episodes are encountered by primary care physicians every year. If the situation is appreciated at an early stage, most patients can be managed successfully on an outpatient basis with benzodiazepines. Patients with seizures, concurrent medical illnesses and severe withdrawal signs should be hospitalized. Fewer than 5 percent of patients withdrawing from alcohol progress to delirium tremens. Mortality from delirium tremens has been reduced to less than 5 percent of patients, through early diagnosis, supportive nursing care, treatment of coexisting medical conditions and aggressive pharmacologic therapy. Patients with a history of multiple detoxification episodes are more likely to experience seizures and severe withdrawal symptoms. JF - American family physician AU - Yost, D A AD - U.S. Public Health Service, Whiteriver, Arizona, USA. Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 657 EP - 64, 669 VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Benzodiazepines KW - 12794-10-4 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Benzodiazepines -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Recurrence KW - Male KW - Female KW - Ethanol -- adverse effects KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- physiopathology KW - Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium -- physiopathology KW - Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium -- diagnosis KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- therapy KW - Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78202491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=Alcohol+withdrawal+syndrome.&rft.au=Yost%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Yost&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am Fam Physician. 2000 Sep 1;62(5):954, 957 [10997525] Erratum In: Am Fam Physician 1996 Dec;54(8):2377 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternative methods of obtaining the computed tomography dose index. AN - 78159400; 8690607 AB - The most direct way of getting the value of the multiple scan average dose (MSAD) in computed tomography is to employ a pencil chamber for integration of a single scan dose profile. Because the active length of the pencil chamber is fixed, the measurement can represent the value of the MSAD from a different number of contiguous scans depending on the slice thickness. This characteristic makes it difficult to compare the value of MSAD using the pencil chamber to the information required by Federal regulations on the computed tomography dose index (CTDI). The CTDI, which is the MAD at the center of a set of 14 contiguous scans, is the dose descriptor used in the Federal Performance Standard. Two alternative methods were developed to make the CTDI measurements at the center of a CT dosimetry phantom. These alternative methods were compared to the results of thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) measurements from more than 20 different CT scanners. One alternative method involved the use of radio-opaque sleeves with the pencil chamber to limit the length of the single scan dose profile incident on the pencil chamber. In addition, the TLD data were also used to obtain a set of conversion factors for converting the results of a measurement with the pencil chamber without a radio-opaque sleeve to a value of the CTDI. The alternative methods of obtaining the CTDI agree on the average to better than 10% for all values of slice thickness on the different CT scanners. JF - Health physics AU - Knox, H H AU - Gagne, R M AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health/FDA, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 219 EP - 224 VL - 71 IS - 2 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Index Medicus KW - Government Agencies KW - Thermoluminescent Dosimetry -- standards KW - Radiation Monitoring -- standards KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78159400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Alternative+methods+of+obtaining+the+computed+tomography+dose+index.&rft.au=Knox%2C+H+H%3BGagne%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Knox&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Preliminary Estimates from the 1995 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Advance Report Number 18. AN - 62589597; ED403334 AB - This report presents the first results from the 1995 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, an annual survey conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The survey provides estimates of the prevalence of use of a variety of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco, based on a nationally representative sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population aged 12 and older. In 1995, 17,747 people were interviewed for the survey. An estimated 12.8 million Americans were current illicit drug users, a figure that represents no change from the 1994 level, but which is lower than the 1979 high when the number was 25 million. Significant increases in past month marijuana and hallucinogen use occurred among youth between 1994 and 1995. In 1995, 52% of the population had used alcohol in the past month, but there were no changes in the rate of alcohol use between 1994 and 1995. An estimated 61 million Americans were current smokers in 1995, a smoking rate of 29%. Five appendixes discuss survey methodology and data and present references and detailed tables. (Contains 12 figures, 41 tables, and 58 references.) (SLD) AU - Gfroerer, Joseph Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 SP - 142 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCAD), P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20852; (800) 729-6686. VL - SMA-96-3107 KW - Hallucinogenic Drugs KW - National Household Survey on Drug Abuse KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drinking KW - National Surveys KW - Adults KW - Marijuana KW - Illegal Drug Use KW - Smoking KW - Estimation (Mathematics) KW - Tobacco KW - Incidence KW - Trend Analysis KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62589597?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Non-custodial parents participation in their children's lives: evidence from the survey of income and program participation AN - 59772080; 1998-0501920 AB - Analyzes data on the impacts on children's financial, emotional, and social well-being of relationships with a non-custodial parent; US. V. 1, Summary of SIPP analysis; v. 2, Synthesis of literature and annotated bibliography. US Department of Health and Human Services funded research. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, August 1996. AU - Nord, Christine Winquist AU - Zill, Nicholas Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - August 1996 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Divorce -- Social aspects KW - Family -- United States KW - Divorce -- Economic aspects KW - Single parent family -- United States KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Child welfare -- Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Nord%2C+Christine+Winquist%3BZill%2C+Nicholas&rft.aulast=Nord&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Non-custodial+parents+participation+in+their+children%27s+lives%3A+evidence+from+the+survey+of+income+and+program+participation&rft.title=Non-custodial+parents+participation+in+their+children%27s+lives%3A+evidence+from+the+survey+of+income+and+program+participation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/fathers/sipp/xsnoncus.htm LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), il(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of altered prenatal hormonal environment on expression of autoimmune disease in NZB/NZW mice. AN - 36345827; 201002-31-0247411 (CE); 11701755 (EN) AB - F1 hybrid New Zealand Black (NZB) x New Zealand White (NZM) (NZB/NZW) mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease analogous to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Testosterone experts a powerful suppressive effect on this disorder in adult NZB/NZW mice. A series of experiments was designed to determine if disease would also be suppressed by exposing fetal NZB/NZW mice to increased testosterone. A model was developed in which NZB dams carrying NZB/NZW fetuses were treated with testosterone in a dose adequate to masculinize the external genitalia in female fetuses. NZB/NZW mice that were derived from testosterone-treated dams and control NZB/NZW offspring were followed in a longevity study and had serial assays to assess development of SLE. Additional experiments were carried out to measure lymphocyte subsets and responses to mitogens. Results were compared with F1 hybrid offspring of C57BL/6 dams crossed with DBA/2 males, which are not autoimmune and do not develop SLE. Spleen cells from these groups were tested for Thy 1.2, CD4, CD8, and IgM receptors, and for responses to the mitogens Concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide. Control male NZB/NZW fetuses had unexpectedly high serum estradiol, which decreased significantly with maternal testosterone treatment. The testosterone-exposed male NZB/NZW fetuses developed into adults that lived longer than male NZB/NZW controls. Testosterone treatment of the dam was associated with elevated terminal anti-DNA levels but did not alter markers of renal diseases in adult NZB/NZW mice of either sex. Testosterone-exposed NZB/NZW females had altered T-lymphocyte subsets and testosterone-exposed males had increased response to ConA compared to controls. In male NZB/NZW fetuses whose mothers were administered testosterone, the naturally high level of circulating estradiol observed in untreated male fetuses was decreased significantly. This decrease was associated with an increase in longevity. This unique observation has important implications for fetal exposure to endocrine disruptors in the environment. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Walker, S E AU - Keisler, L W AU - Caldwell, C W AU - Kier, A B AU - vom Saal, F S AD - Rheumatology Section, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 815 EP - 821 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Males KW - Mice KW - Testosterone KW - Fetuses KW - Adults KW - Dams KW - Longevity KW - Autoimmune diseases KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36345827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+altered+prenatal+hormonal+environment+on+expression+of+autoimmune+disease+in+NZB%2FNZW+mice.&rft.au=Walker%2C+S+E%3BKeisler%2C+L+W%3BCaldwell%2C+C+W%3BKier%2C+A+B%3Bvom+Saal%2C+F+S&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=815&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in fetal thymic and liver hematopoietic cells as indicators of exposure to developmental immunotoxicants. AN - 36330848; 201002-31-0247412 (CE); 11701756 (EN) AB - Recent studies indicate that immune development in humans and other species may be altered after perinatal exposure to immunotoxic environmental contaminants. However, limited information is available regarding appropriate tests that may adequately detect developmental immunotoxic compounds. Experiments in which pregnant laboratory rodents were exposed to a variety of immunotoxic environmental agents indicate that fetal thymus and liver immune cells may be quantitatively and qualitatively altered by immunotoxicant exposure and, thus, may serve as sensitive markers of developmental immunotoxicant exposure. In particular, depression of fetal thymic cell counts appears to be a common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicants that produce this response in adult animals. Total hematopoietic cell counts in fetal liver, however, may be a poor indicator of immunotoxicant exposure. Altered marker expression in both fetal thymus and liver appears to be a highly sensitive indicator of gestational immunotoxicant exposure. Together, these reports suggest that immune tests with high predictability for immunosuppression in adults may also be appropriate for the detection of developmental immunotoxic agents. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Holladay, S D AU - Luster, M I AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061-0442, USA. holladay@vt.edu PY - 1996 SP - 809 EP - 813 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Liver KW - Indicators KW - Markers KW - Counting KW - Adults KW - Rodents KW - Contaminants KW - Alterations KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36330848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+fetal+thymic+and+liver+hematopoietic+cells+as+indicators+of+exposure+to+developmental+immunotoxicants.&rft.au=Holladay%2C+S+D%3BLuster%2C+M+I&rft.aulast=Holladay&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drug addiction: Knockout mice and dirty drugs AN - 16441772; 4346104 AB - Recent studies with knockout mice implicate the dopamine transporter as the target of the locomotor effects of the addictive psychomotor drugs cocaine and amphetamine; studies of reward in these animals are eagerly awaited. JF - Current Biology AU - Uhl, G R AU - Vandenbergh, D J AU - Miner, L L AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Addiction Research Center, PO Box 5180, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 935 EP - 936 VL - 6 IS - 8 SN - 0960-9822, 0960-9822 KW - amphetamine KW - amphetamines KW - cocaine KW - dopamine transporter KW - drug addiction KW - locomotion KW - mice KW - reviews KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07397:Rodentia (mice) KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse KW - N3 11139:Toxicological and psychoactive drug correlates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16441772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.atitle=Drug+addiction%3A+Knockout+mice+and+dirty+drugs&rft.au=Uhl%2C+G+R%3BVandenbergh%2C+D+J%3BMiner%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Uhl&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=935&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Biology&rft.issn=09609822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Emergency Medical Services: Agenda for the Future AN - 16373841; 4255700 AB - Emergency medical services (EMS) of the future will be community-based health management that is fully integrated with the overall health care system. It will have the ability to identify and modify illness and injury risks, provide acute illness and injury care and follow-up, and contribute to treatment of chronic conditions and community health monitoring. This new entity will be developed from redistribution of existing health care resources and will be integrated with other health care providers and public safety agencies. It will improve community health and result in more appropriate use of acute health care resources. EMS will remain the public's emergency medical safety net. Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 87 KW - emergency medical services KW - health care KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16373841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Emergency+Medical+Services%3A+Agenda+for+the+Future&rft.title=Emergency+Medical+Services%3A+Agenda+for+the+Future&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Report: DOT-HS-808 441, NTS-42. Available from: NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Rd, Springfield, VA 22161, USA. 1-800-553-NTIS or 1-703-605-6000 or orders[at]ntis.fedworld.gov. NTIS accession number: PB97108989. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of the vial equilibration technique for determination of metabolic rate constants for dichloromethane AN - 16058079; 4106939 AB - Metabolism of methylene chloride, or dichloromethane (DCM), plays a key role in determining the kinetics and carcinogenicity of the halocarbon. The objectives of this study were: to evaluate and optimize the vial equilibration technique, originally described by Sato and Nakajima (1979a), in order to characterize the hepatic metabolism of DCM by Sprague--Dawley rats; to employ different hepatic microsomal preparations to examine buffer effects on DCM metabolism; and to assess the relative importance and metabolic constants of the mixed-function oxidase (MFO) and glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (GST) metabolic pathways. A crude liver homogenate (20% w/v) was prepared from perfused livers of male Sprague--Dawley (S--D) rats (275-325 g). A 30% glycerol buffer was found to significantly inhibit DCM metabolism, while 0.25 M sucrose buffer containing 10 mM EDTA and 1.15% KCl did not. DCM was incubated with the liver 10,000g supernatant or microsomes and cofactors in sealed headspace vials. Disappearance of DCM, as a measure of the chemical's metabolism, was monitored by headspace gas chromatography. Different trials were conducted to elucidate time--, enzyme--, and substrate--activity relationships. The scaled-up K sub(m) and V sub(max) values for the microsomal fraction were quite similar to optimized in vivo values reported by other investigators. In the current study, DCM appeared to be metabolized preferentially by cytochrome P450 IIE1, since substrates (e.g., pyrazole, ethanol, and glycerol) for this isozyme completely inhibited DCM metabolism. Thus, glycerol should not be used as a P450 stabilizer for preparation or storage of microsomes. Phorone pretreatment caused marked hepatic GSH depletion, but had little effect on the overall rate of DCM metabolism. Quantitatively, the GST pathway in the cytosol played a very minor role in DCM metabolism. It was not possible to accurately calculate metabolic constants for this pathway in S--D rats. The vial equilibration technique, as described here, is a relatively simple and reliable method, which should be broadly applicable for measuring the microsomal metabolism of DCM and other VOCs. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Kim, C AU - Manning, RO AU - Brown, R P AU - Bruckner, J V AD - Health Sciences Branch (HFZ-112), Office of Science and Technology, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 243 EP - 251 VL - 139 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - metabolic rate KW - rats KW - dichloromethane KW - cytochrome P450 KW - glycerol KW - phorone KW - glutathione KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - microsomes KW - liver KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16058079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Use+of+the+vial+equilibration+technique+for+determination+of+metabolic+rate+constants+for+dichloromethane&rft.au=Kim%2C+C%3BManning%2C+RO%3BBrown%2C+R+P%3BBruckner%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - microsomes; liver ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of transforming activity of fumonisin B sub(1) in BALB/3T3 A31-1-1 mouse embryo cells AN - 15805827; 4000336 AB - The capacity of fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)) to induce morphological transformation of cultured mammalian cells was assessed using BALB /3T3 A31-1-1 mouse embryo cells. FB sub(1) with 90% purity was prepared from Fusarium proliferatum grown on whole corn. Cell growth was not inhibited by 48 hr of exposure at concentrations up to 1000 mu g /ml. Moderate inhibition was induced by 6 days of exposure. In transformation assays with a 48-hr exposure, increases in transformed foci were observed at some concentrations; however, the responses were not reproducible. Prolonged exposure for up to 4 wk at 10, 100 and 500 mu g/ml failed to induce increases in transformed foci. Analysis of combined results showed that only the increase induced by a 48-hr exposure at 500 mu g/ml was significant. A trend test indicated the lack of a dose response for concentrations of 10-1000 mu g/ml. FB sub(1) seems to lack in vitro transforming activity. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Sheu, C W AU - Rodriguez, I AU - Eppley, R M AU - Lee, J K AD - Food and Drug Administration (HFS-227), 200 C St, SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1996/08// PY - 1996 DA - Aug 1996 SP - 751 EP - 753 VL - 34 IS - 8 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - BALB/3T3 cells KW - mice KW - fumonisin B1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Fusarium proliferatum KW - embryo cells KW - transformation KW - mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15805827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Lack+of+transforming+activity+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+in+BALB%2F3T3+A31-1-1+mouse+embryo+cells&rft.au=Sheu%2C+C+W%3BRodriguez%2C+I%3BEppley%2C+R+M%3BLee%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Sheu&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium proliferatum; transformation; embryo cells; mycotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of human C-reactive protein gene expression by two synergistic IL-6 responsive elements. AN - 78160453; 8703909 AB - To study the mechanism of interleukin-6 (IL-6) induction of human C-reactive protein (CRP) gene expression, we have utilized a human hepatoma (PLC/PRF/5) cell culture system to analyze the trans-acting factors which bind to the 300 bp 5'-flanking region of human CRP gene. In vitro gel mobility shift analyses and methylation interference assays demonstrated that NFIL-6 alpha interacted with two IL-6 responsive elements, and HNF-1 alpha and HNF-3/Octamer-like factors interacted with the downstream IL-6 responsive element in the human CRP promoter. In vivo functional analysis by transient transfection of plasmid constructs containing site-specific mutations in one or two IL-6 responsive elements in the CRP promoter fused to a reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT), demonstrated that the binding of NFIL-6 alpha to two IL-6 responsive elements resulted in synergistic induction of the gene. When HNF-1 alpha or HNF-3/Octamer-like factors were independently bound to their corresponding sites, they had either a positive or negative effect, respectively, on IL-6 inducible transcriptional activity. JF - Biochemistry AU - Li, S P AU - Goldman, N D AD - Division of Allergenic Products and Parasitology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852-1448, USA. Y1 - 1996/07/16/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jul 16 SP - 9060 EP - 9068 VL - 35 IS - 28 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA Probes KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - FOXA1 protein, human KW - HNF1A protein, human KW - HNF1B protein, human KW - Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha KW - Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Nuclear Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 KW - 126548-29-6 KW - Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta KW - 138674-15-4 KW - C-Reactive Protein KW - 9007-41-4 KW - Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.28 KW - Index Medicus KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular KW - Humans KW - Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Binding Sites KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Base Sequence KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Transfection KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Enhancer Elements, Genetic -- genetics KW - Nuclear Proteins -- metabolism KW - Methylation KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic KW - Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - C-Reactive Protein -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-6 -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78160453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+human+C-reactive+protein+gene+expression+by+two+synergistic+IL-6+responsive+elements.&rft.au=Li%2C+S+P%3BGoldman%2C+N+D&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-07-16&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=28&rft.spage=9060&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-12 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MASTER PLAN, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH ANIMAL CENTER, POOLESVILLE, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND. AN - 36401478; 5962 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a master plan for the 513-acre National Institutes of Health (NIH) Animal Center site, located about four miles west of Poolesville in a predominantly rural area in Maryland, is proposed. The site was a working farm prior to its purchase by NIH in 1960 and still retains the character of a farm. The Animal Center includes 30 buildings staffed by 135 employees. Roughly two-thirds of the facilities are affiliated with the NIH Veterinary Resources Program, dedicated to holding and caring for animals, including farm animals, nonhuman primates, dogs, cats, and various species of rodents. The other facilities at the Animal Center are dedicated to small research programs conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The master plan (proposed action) would expand the Center's building area from 249,585 gross square feet (gsf) to 348,940 gsf, and increase the number of employees to 157 over a 20-year period. The plan would involve the expansion and/or renovation of the farm animal building, carnivore building, primate quarantine building, central heating and cooling plant, indoor-outdoor primate habitat, wastewater treatment plant; construction of a small ungulate facility, recycled water system, and animal holding/research facility; and addition of a new water tower for fire control and cage washing facilities. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The planned facility expansion would enable the Animal Center to continue performing its mission of biomedical research over the next 20 years. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The planned construction would result in the loss of 5.3 acres of prime farmland. Because the facility's water demand would exceed the groundwater withdrawal rates allowed by permit, two new water mains would be needed at the site. Both new lines would cross floodplains and wetlands. LEGAL MANDATES: National Capital Planning Act of 1952 (40 U.S.C. 71d(a)). JF - EPA number: 960339, 172 pages, July 16, 1996 PY - 1996 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Buildings KW - Farmlands KW - Fire Protection KW - Pipelines KW - Power Plants KW - Research Facilities KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - Water Supply KW - Maryland KW - National Capital Planning Act of 1952, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36401478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-07-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MASTER+PLAN%2C+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+ANIMAL+CENTER%2C+POOLESVILLE%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.title=MASTER+PLAN%2C+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+ANIMAL+CENTER%2C+POOLESVILLE%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland; HHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: July 16, 1996 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibitory effect of caloric restriction on tumorigenicity induced by 4-aminobiphenyl and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo-[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in the CD1 newborn mouse bioassay. AN - 78127490; 8665480 AB - The tumorigenicity of 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) were studied in combination with caloric restriction in the male neonatal CD1 mouse bioassay. 4-ABP and PhIP exhibited moderate and weak tumorigenicity, respectively, in ad libitum fed mice; however, none of the caloric restricted mice developed tumors. These results indicate that caloric restriction, even when begun 3 months after the conclusion of compound treatment, markedly inhibited 4-ABP- and PhIP-induced tumors in the CD1 mouse. JF - Cancer letters AU - Von Tungeln, L S AU - Bucci, T J AU - Hart, R W AU - Kadlubar, F F AU - Fu, P P AD - Department of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/07/12/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jul 12 SP - 133 EP - 136 VL - 104 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Imidazoles KW - 4-biphenylamine KW - 16054949HJ KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Diet, Reducing KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Imidazoles -- toxicity KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- toxicity KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Energy Intake KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78127490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Inhibitory+effect+of+caloric+restriction+on+tumorigenicity+induced+by+4-aminobiphenyl+and+2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo-%5B4%2C5-b%5Dpyridine+%28PhIP%29+in+the+CD1+newborn+mouse+bioassay.&rft.au=Von+Tungeln%2C+L+S%3BBucci%2C+T+J%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Von+Tungeln&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-07-12&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-08 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pro-oxidant activity of flavonoids: effects on glutathione and glutathione S-transferase in isolated rat liver nuclei. AN - 78123441; 8665487 AB - The effects of three representative flavonoids, quercetin, myricetin and kaempferol, on the nuclear antioxidant defense glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were investigated in a model system of isolated rat liver nuclei. The three flavonoids induced a concentration-dependent decrease of both the nuclear GSH content and GST activity. Myricetin, which has the maximum number of hydroxyl groups, was the most active. The results demonstrate the pro-oxidant activity of these polyphenolic flavonoids. The impairment of the nuclear antioxidant defense GSH and GST by the polyphenolic flavonoids can lead to oxidative DNA damage, which may be responsible for their mutagenicity. JF - Cancer letters AU - Sahu, S C AU - Gray, G C AD - Division of Toxicological Research (HFS-509), US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1996/07/12/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jul 12 SP - 193 EP - 196 VL - 104 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Flavonoids KW - 0 KW - Kaempferols KW - Oxidants KW - kaempferol KW - 731P2LE49E KW - myricetin KW - 76XC01FTOJ KW - Quercetin KW - 9IKM0I5T1E KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cell Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Cell Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Quercetin -- toxicity KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Quercetin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Oxidants -- toxicity KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Flavonoids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78123441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Pro-oxidant+activity+of+flavonoids%3A+effects+on+glutathione+and+glutathione+S-transferase+in+isolated+rat+liver+nuclei.&rft.au=Sahu%2C+S+C%3BGray%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Sahu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-07-12&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-08 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An improved circularly permuted interleukin 4-toxin is highly cytotoxic to human renal cell carcinoma cells. Introduction of gamma c chain in RCC cells does not improve sensitivity. AN - 78170254; 8660841 AB - We have previously demonstrated that a chimeric protein composed of human IL-4 and Pseudomonas exotoxin, termed IL4-PE4E, is cytotoxic to primary cells derived from human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). To improve the cytotoxicity of IL4-toxins such as IL4-PE4E and IL4-PE38KDEL to IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) positive tumor cells, a circularly permuted chimeric toxin was prepared by fusing a truncated PE gene encoding PE38KDEL 3' to a circularly permuted IL-4 mutant gene encoding IL4 amino acids 38-129, the linker GGNGG, and IL4 amino acids 1-37. The resulting chimeric protein, termed IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL, was tested on five RCC cell lines and its cytotoxicity was compared to that of the native IL4-toxins IL4-PE4E and IL4-PE38KDEL. IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL was found to be 5 to 10 times more cytotoxic to all cell cultures tested compared to either native IL4-toxin. The cytotoxic activity of IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL was competible by excess IL-4 and was confirmed by clonogenic assay. IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL bound to IL-4R on RCC cells with 6- to 12-fold higher affinity than IL4-PE38KDEL or IL4-PE4E. RCC tumor cells were found to lack the common gamma chain (gamma c) of the IL-4R reported to be present on immune cells. The stable transfection of RCC cells with the gamma c chain gene did not significantly change their sensitivity to IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL. Taken together, our results indicate that the CPIL4-toxin IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL is highly cytotoxic to human RCC cells due to increased binding affinity to IL-4R while it is not cytotoxic or slightly cytotoxic to T and B cells, monocytic cell lines, and fresh resting or activated bone marrow-derived cells. The gamma c does not seem to increase the internalization rate and/or processing of IL4-toxins in RCC cells. CPIL4-toxin may be a useful agent for the treatment of human RCC. JF - Cellular immunology AU - Puri, R K AU - Leland, P AU - Obiri, N I AU - Husain, S R AU - Mule, J AU - Pastan, I AU - Kreitman, R J AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1996/07/10/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jul 10 SP - 80 EP - 86 VL - 171 IS - 1 SN - 0008-8749, 0008-8749 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Exotoxins KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Virulence Factors KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - ADP Ribose Transferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - toxA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bone Marrow Cells KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- immunology KW - Transfection -- immunology KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 -- biosynthesis KW - Bone Marrow -- metabolism KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Colony-Forming Units Assay KW - Protein Binding -- immunology KW - Interleukin-4 -- genetics KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Exotoxins -- genetics KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- immunology KW - Interleukin-4 -- immunology KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- toxicity KW - Bacterial Toxins -- immunology KW - Bacterial Toxins -- genetics KW - Interleukin-4 -- toxicity KW - Exotoxins -- toxicity KW - Bacterial Toxins -- toxicity KW - Carcinoma, Renal Cell -- genetics KW - Carcinoma, Renal Cell -- immunology KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78170254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+immunology&rft.atitle=An+improved+circularly+permuted+interleukin+4-toxin+is+highly+cytotoxic+to+human+renal+cell+carcinoma+cells.+Introduction+of+gamma+c+chain+in+RCC+cells+does+not+improve+sensitivity.&rft.au=Puri%2C+R+K%3BLeland%2C+P%3BObiri%2C+N+I%3BHusain%2C+S+R%3BMule%2C+J%3BPastan%2C+I%3BKreitman%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-07-10&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+immunology&rft.issn=00088749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase PTP1D is required for interferon alpha/beta-induced gene expression. AN - 78136773; 8663536 AB - Interferons (IFNs) induce early response genes by stimulating Janus family (Jak) tyrosine kinases, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat (signal transducer and activator of transcription) proteins. Previous studies demonstrated that a protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) is required for activation of the ISGF3 transcription complex by IFNalpha/beta, but the specific PTP responsible remained unidentified. We now show that the SH2 domain containing tyrosine phosphatase PTP1D (also designated as SHPTP2, SHPTP3, PTP2C, or Syp) is constitutively associated with the IFNalpha/beta receptor and becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to ligand. Furthermore, transient expression of a phosphatase-inactive mutant or the COOH-terminal SH2 domain of PTP1D causes a dominant negative effect on IFNalpha/beta-induced early response gene expression. These results provide strong evidence that PTP1D functions as a positive regulator of the IFNalpha/beta-induced Jak/Stat signal transduction pathway. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - David, M AU - Zhou, G AU - Pine, R AU - Dixon, J E AU - Larner, A C AD - Division of Cytokine Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1996/07/05/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jul 05 SP - 15862 EP - 15865 VL - 271 IS - 27 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Interferon-alpha KW - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - Receptors, Interferon KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Interferon-beta KW - 77238-31-4 KW - Luciferases KW - EC 1.13.12.- KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - PTPN11 protein, human KW - EC 3.1.3.48 KW - PTPN6 protein, human KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases KW - SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Recombinant Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Humans KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- metabolism KW - Luciferases -- biosynthesis KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Transfection KW - Glutathione Transferase -- biosynthesis KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Signal Transduction KW - Cell Line KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Interferon -- biosynthesis KW - Gene Expression -- drug effects KW - Interferon-alpha -- pharmacology KW - Interferon-beta -- pharmacology KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases -- metabolism KW - src Homology Domains UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78136773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=The+SH2+domain-containing+tyrosine+phosphatase+PTP1D+is+required+for+interferon+alpha%2Fbeta-induced+gene+expression.&rft.au=David%2C+M%3BZhou%2C+G%3BPine%2C+R%3BDixon%2C+J+E%3BLarner%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-07-05&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=15862&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-29 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 78177301; 8667525 JF - JAMA AU - Nightingale, S L AD - Office of Health Affairs, FDA, Rockland, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1996/07/03/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jul 03 SP - 14 VL - 276 IS - 1 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Appetite Depressants KW - 0 KW - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic KW - Fenfluramine KW - 2DS058H2CF KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Obesity -- drug therapy KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - HIV-1 KW - HIV Infections -- diagnosis KW - Fenfluramine -- adverse effects KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Appetite Depressants -- adverse effects KW - Product Labeling KW - Fenfluramine -- therapeutic use KW - AIDS Serodiagnosis KW - Appetite Depressants -- therapeutic use KW - Advertising as Topic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78177301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-07-03&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of fumonisin B1 in rodent feed by CE with fluorescence detection of the FMOC derivative. AN - 78756547; 9384738 AB - A fast, simple, and environmentally friendly method has been developed for the analysis of fumonisin B1 (FB1) in rodent feed using CE. FB1 is the major fumonisin metabolite produced by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme and has been implicated in human and animal diseases. FB1 was extracted from rodent feed with acetonitrile/water (50/50) (vol/vol) and cleaned up with a C18 Sep-Pak Vac cartridge (Waters Corp., Milford, MA, U.S.A.). FB1 was quantitated after elution from the column using capillary electrophoresis with a 25-mM sodium borate buffer (pH 9.0) containing 10% acetonitrile and fluorescence detection of the (9-fluorenylmethyl) chloroformate (FMOC) derivative. The minimum detectable amount in rodent feed was 0.5 pmm. Recovery values in spiked rodent feed averaged more than 87% over the 2-20 ppm range. JF - Journal of capillary electrophoresis AU - Holcomb, M AU - Thompson, H C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 205 EP - 208 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1079-5383, 1079-5383 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fluorenes KW - Fumonisins KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Humans KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Rodentia KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary -- methods KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Carboxylic Acids -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78756547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+capillary+electrophoresis&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+fumonisin+B1+in+rodent+feed+by+CE+with+fluorescence+detection+of+the+FMOC+derivative.&rft.au=Holcomb%2C+M%3BThompson%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Holcomb&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+capillary+electrophoresis&rft.issn=10795383&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro embryotoxicity of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide. AN - 78536330; 8916369 AB - Carbamazepine (Tegretol, CBZ) is an anticonvulsant drug that is very effective in the treatment of tonic-clonic seizures and is gaining acceptance as a treatment for various psychiatric disorders. The drug is embryotoxic in rodents and has been reported to produce neural tube defects in approximated 1% of prenatally exposed human offspring. It is metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 system to a stable, pharmacologically active epoxide intermediate, carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide. It is currently unknown whether the parent compound, the epoxide intermediate or some other metabolite is the embryotoxic agent. The present study was designed to determine the embryotoxicity of CBZ and its epoxide intermediate (CBZ-E) in a rodent whole embryo culture system. Rat embryos were cultured beginning on day 9 of gestation (GD 9), and mouse embryos were cultured beginning in GD 8. All embryos were cultured for 48 hr in medium containing various concentrations of either CBZ or CBZ-E. Mice were more sensitive to the effects of CBZ than were rats. The parent compound was embryotoxic to mouse embryos at concentrations as low as 12 micrograms, but it was only embryotoxic at 60 micrograms/ml to rat embryos. CBZ-E was not embryotoxic to either species at concentrations as high as 48 micrograms/ml. These results suggest that the parent compound is the embryotoxic agent and that the epoxide intermediate plays no role in the drug's embryotoxic mechanism. JF - Teratology AU - Hansen, D K AU - Dial, S L AU - Terry, K K AU - Grafton, T F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - July 1996 SP - 45 EP - 51 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Carbamazepine KW - 33CM23913M KW - carbamazepine epoxide KW - QC9505F279 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Carbamazepine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Carbamazepine -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78536330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+embryotoxicity+of+carbamazepine+and+carbamazepine-10%2C+11-epoxide.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+D+K%3BDial%2C+S+L%3BTerry%2C+K+K%3BGrafton%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-18 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interpretation and use of occupational exposure limits for chronic disease agents. AN - 78487110; 8887385 JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Hewett, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 561 EP - 590 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - Risk Management KW - Models, Statistical KW - Chronic Disease KW - Health Education KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78487110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Interpretation+and+use+of+occupational+exposure+limits+for+chronic+disease+agents.&rft.au=Hewett%2C+P&rft.aulast=Hewett&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of occupational carcinogens and mutagens. AN - 78479809; 8887381 AB - The author outlines the methods by which the International Agency for Research on Cancer evaluates study design and results when it reviews epidemiologic studies to determine carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. The chapter concludes with an extensive series of tables summarizing (1) the tests relevant to mutagenicity and (2) the IARC rating system for carcinogens, categorizing industrial and agricultural chemicals according to evidence of mutagenicity. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Ruder, A M AD - Industrywide Studies Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 487 EP - 512 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- standards KW - Humans KW - Research Design -- standards KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- standards KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Carcinogens -- classification KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - International Agencies KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78479809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+occupational+carcinogens+and+mutagens.&rft.au=Ruder%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Ruder&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Collection of occupational epidemiologic data: the use of surrogate respondents to provide occupational histories. AN - 78479317; 8887375 AB - When information about subjects in a study is unavailable from other sources, surrogate respondents, such as family members, have provided information about the subject. This chapter focuses on the quality of occupational histories provided by surrogates. The author addresses the issues of (1) nonresponse of the surrogate, (2) surrogate-subject and surrogate-record agreement, and (3) the impact of misclassification on estimates of relative risk. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Henneberger, P K AD - Epidemiological Investigations Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 393 EP - 401 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Risk KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Family KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Medical History Taking -- methods KW - Data Collection -- methods KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Occupational Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78479317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Collection+of+occupational+epidemiologic+data%3A+the+use+of+surrogate+respondents+to+provide+occupational+histories.&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+P+K&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of occupational cancer. AN - 78476402; 8887380 JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Bang, K M AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 467 EP - 485 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Carcinogens -- classification KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Research KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Health Priorities KW - Population Surveillance KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78476402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+occupational+cancer.&rft.au=Bang%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Bang&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic occupational respiratory disease. AN - 78474265; 8887379 AB - The authors discuss various methodologic issues pertinent to the epidemiologic study of chronic occupational lung disease. Examples to illustrate problems inherent in chronic occupational lung disease epidemiology and approaches to surmounting them are presented from the extensive literature on coal miners' lung diseases. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Attfield, M D AU - Wagner, G R AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 451 EP - 465 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Models, Statistical KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Risk Assessment KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Research Design KW - Lung Diseases, Obstructive -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78474265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Chronic+occupational+respiratory+disease.&rft.au=Attfield%2C+M+D%3BWagner%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ischemia-hypoxia induced by interruption of uterine blood flow on fetal rat liver and brain enzyme activities and offspring behavior. AN - 78462732; 8884373 AB - The effects of acute perinatal ischemia-hypoxia on fetal liver and brain energy metabolism, fetal brain total free fatty acid concentration and subsequent offspring behavior were investigated in rats. Ischemia-hypoxia was induced at term either by ligation of the uterine blood vessels or submersion of the entire uterine horn in warmed saline. Fetuses of the adjacent horn served as within-dam controls for all assessments and fetuses of dams which had not undergone the surgical stress served as independent controls for enzyme assays. Ischemia-hypoxia was associated with reduced activity of fatty acid synthase in the liver and brain. Total free fatty acid concentration significantly increased in the fetal hypoxic brain. Pups not used for enzyme analyses were cross-fostered for behavioral assessments. Relative to the enzymatic alterations, there were few behavioral alterations associated with ischemia-hypoxia. At postnatal day 30, rats made hypoxic by ligation of the uterine blood vessels had decreased caudate nucleus and brain stem weights relative to within-dam controls. At postnatal day 85, rats made hypoxic by submersion of the uterine horn had decreased olfactory bulb weight. The results of this study indicate an initial acute response to a brief period of ischemia-hypoxia at term pregnancy in the fetal rat brain and liver. JF - International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience AU - Binienda, Z AU - Holson, R R AU - Chen, F X AU - Oriaku, E AU - Kim, C S AU - Flynn, T J AU - Slikker, W AU - Paule, M G AU - Feuers, R J AU - Ferguson, S A AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - July 1996 SP - 399 EP - 408 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0736-5748, 0736-5748 KW - Anesthetics, Inhalation KW - 0 KW - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified KW - Neurotransmitter Agents KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Fatty Acid Synthases KW - EC 2.3.1.85 KW - Halothane KW - UQT9G45D1P KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Halothane -- pharmacology KW - Sex Factors KW - Cell Count KW - Spatial Behavior -- physiology KW - Maze Learning -- physiology KW - Anesthetics, Inhalation -- pharmacology KW - Fatty Acid Synthases -- metabolism KW - Organ Size KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Neurotransmitter Agents -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- cytology KW - Ligation KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Smell -- physiology KW - Fetus -- blood supply KW - Carbon Dioxide -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified -- metabolism KW - Brain -- enzymology KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- blood supply KW - Uterus -- surgery KW - Brain -- blood supply KW - Ischemia -- physiopathology KW - Brain -- embryology KW - Uterus -- blood supply KW - Liver -- embryology KW - Fetal Hypoxia -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78462732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+developmental+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Developmental+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ischemia-hypoxia+induced+by+interruption+of+uterine+blood+flow+on+fetal+rat+liver+and+brain+enzyme+activities+and+offspring+behavior.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Z%3BHolson%2C+R+R%3BChen%2C+F+X%3BOriaku%2C+E%3BKim%2C+C+S%3BFlynn%2C+T+J%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BPaule%2C+M+G%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BFerguson%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+developmental+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Developmental+Neuroscience&rft.issn=07365748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Central and peripheral neurochemical alterations and immune effects of prenatal ethanol exposure in rats. AN - 78462153; 8884379 AB - In contrast to the well known effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on the central nervous system, data about its peripheral effects are scarce. Here, Sprague Dawley rats were fed a liquid diet (gestational days 0-20) containing 36% ethanol-derived calories (EDCs, group H) or were pair-fed with 18% EDCs (group L) or 0% EDCs (group C). On postnatal day 20, one male and one female from each of 10 litters per group were killed. Norepinephrine (NE) was analyzed in the frontal cortex, spleen and thymus, and dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) and their metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homevanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were analyzed in the striatum by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Lymphocyte subpopulations in the spleen and thymus were also assessed in half of these litters. Significant decreases in splenic NE concentration were seen in both sexes of group H (males 27%, females 28%). Decreases in striatal 5-HT and 5-HIAA of group H subjects appeared to be sex specific (only females were significantly affected: 23% decrease in 5-HT, 37% decrease in 5-HIAA). Pronounced, dose-dependent reductions in T cell percentages were observed in both the thymus and spleen. Splenic CD8+ and CD4+ cell percentages were positively correlated with the splenic NE concentrations. It is concluded that the decreases seen in splenic T cell percentages subsequent to prenatal ethanol exposure may be caused, at least partially, by impaired noradrenergic control of this organ. JF - International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience AU - Clausing, P AU - Ali, S F AU - Taylor, L D AU - Newport, G D AU - Rybak, S AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, HFT-132, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. PClausing@FDANT.NCTR.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - July 1996 SP - 461 EP - 469 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0736-5748, 0736-5748 KW - Central Nervous System Depressants KW - 0 KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Norepinephrine KW - X4W3ENH1CV KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Animals KW - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Frontal Lobe -- drug effects KW - Thymus Gland -- chemistry KW - Frontal Lobe -- chemistry KW - Thymus Gland -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Norepinephrine -- metabolism KW - Neostriatum -- drug effects KW - Serotonin -- metabolism KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Spleen -- chemistry KW - Lymphocyte Subsets -- drug effects KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Neostriatum -- chemistry KW - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - CD4-CD8 Ratio KW - Pregnancy KW - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Neostriatum -- metabolism KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic KW - Frontal Lobe -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Central Nervous System Depressants -- pharmacology KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Ethanol -- pharmacology KW - Brain Chemistry -- drug effects KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78462153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+developmental+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Developmental+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Central+and+peripheral+neurochemical+alterations+and+immune+effects+of+prenatal+ethanol+exposure+in+rats.&rft.au=Clausing%2C+P%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BTaylor%2C+L+D%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BRybak%2C+S%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Clausing&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+developmental+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Developmental+Neuroscience&rft.issn=07365748&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective approaches to basic neurobehavioral testing of children in environmental health studies. AN - 78437306; 8866534 AB - To identify neurotoxic effects in children living near hazardous waste sites, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has designed a basic Pediatric Environmental Neurobehavioral Test Battery (PENTB) for children 1 through 16 years of age. It emphasizes tests appropriate to the stages of a child's development. These stages were fundamental factors in selecting tests for the PENTB, which includes both informant- and performance-based assessment procedures. Assessment of children under 4 years of age is restricted to four informant-based instruments, to evaluate as many functions as possible while minimizing testing time and the professional expertise needed in the test setting. The assessment of children 4 through 16 years of age includes 10 performance-based tests to evaluate key functions within the cognitive, motor, and sensory domains analogous to functions affected by neurotoxic chemicals in adults. In all age groups, it is crucial to also assess family, cultural, economic, and other potentially confounding variables. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Amler, R W AU - Gibertini, M AU - Lybarger, J A AU - Hall, A AU - Kakolewski, K AU - Phifer, B L AU - Olsen, K L AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. rwa1@atsoaal.em.cdc.gov PY - 1996 SP - 429 EP - 434 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Index Medicus KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Child Development KW - Family KW - Child KW - Psychomotor Performance -- physiology KW - Neuropsychological Tests -- statistics & numerical data KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted -- methods KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78437306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Selective+approaches+to+basic+neurobehavioral+testing+of+children+in+environmental+health+studies.&rft.au=Amler%2C+R+W%3BGibertini%2C+M%3BLybarger%2C+J+A%3BHall%2C+A%3BKakolewski%2C+K%3BPhifer%2C+B+L%3BOlsen%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Amler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-24 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention research for alcohol and other drugs: a look ahead to what is needed. AN - 78406247; 8853238 AB - The misuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs is a problem with serious health and social consequences worldwide. The causes of this misuse are complex and multifaceted. For an examination of these complex issues we must look to a variety of risk factors, from those that are biological, to those that are psychological, social, and familial, and on to those that encompass the environment. Prevention research has shown that successful prevention interventions are those which appropriately target these factors in individuals at risk and overcome them by enhancing individuals' resiliency and providing them with protective factors. While several important and successful preventive interventions have been identified, research is needed to refine these strategies and identify how they achieve their effects, which are most appropriate for youngsters at different developmental stages, and which are most likely to sustain their effects over time. JF - Substance use & misuse AU - Jansen, M A AD - Office of Scientific Analysis, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - July 1996 SP - 1217 EP - 1222 VL - 31 IS - 9 SN - 1082-6084, 1082-6084 KW - Psychotropic Drugs KW - 0 KW - Street Drugs KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Forecasting KW - Research -- trends KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Alcoholism -- prevention & control KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78406247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Substance+use+%26+misuse&rft.atitle=Prevention+research+for+alcohol+and+other+drugs%3A+a+look+ahead+to+what+is+needed.&rft.au=Jansen%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Substance+use+%26+misuse&rft.issn=10826084&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Employee injuries and convenience store robberies in selected metropolitan areas. AN - 78356459; 8823663 AB - The number of robberies and robbery-related injuries to employees in convenience stores (C-stores) during 1992 or 1993 were estimated for selected metropolitan areas around Miami and Tampa, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Chicago, Illinois; Baltimore, Maryland; Boston, Massachusetts; Detroit, Michigan; Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Charleston, Columbia, Greenville, and Spartanburg, South Carolina; and Arlington, Chesterfield, and Henrico counties, Virginia. Of the 1835 C-store robberies that occurred during 1992 or 1993 in all selected areas (excluding Atlanta and Chicago), there were 12 homicides of C-store employees; 219 nonfatal injuries of C-store employees; 1071 robberies in which there were no injuries but a weapon was used, displayed, or implied toward a C-store employee; and 132 robberies in which there was no injury and no weapon used, but an employee was struck, pushed, or shoved. Corresponding figures for the 238 robberies that occurred in Chicago during January to June 1993, and for which victim employment status was unknown (customer or employee) were three homicides, 53 nonfatal injuries, 120 attacks in which a weapon was used but there was no injury, and 57 attacks in which a person was struck, pushed, or shoved but there was no injury. The proportion of robberies that resulted in a homicide or injury to an employee varied among selected areas from .03 to .25. The proportion of homicides and injuries to an employee was. 14 or higher for target areas in Baltimore (.24), Detroit (.25), and Virginia (.14); the proportion to an employee or customer was .24 in Chicago. The conclusions from these data are that the risk of employee injury in C-store robberies was high in selected metropolitan areas. This underscores the need for effective robbery prevention programs to reduce injury. In addition, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of prevention programs in the C-store industry and the application of these programs to other retail industries. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Amandus, H E AU - Zahm, D AU - Friedmann, R AU - Ruback, R B AU - Block, C AU - Weiss, J AU - Rogan, D AU - Holmes, W AU - Bynum, T AU - Hoffman, D AU - McManus, R AU - Malcan, J AU - Wellford, C AU - Kessler, D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WVa, USA. Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - July 1996 SP - 714 EP - 720 VL - 38 IS - 7 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Data Collection -- methods KW - Humans KW - Homicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Urban Population KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Commerce -- statistics & numerical data KW - Theft -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78356459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Employee+injuries+and+convenience+store+robberies+in+selected+metropolitan+areas.&rft.au=Amandus%2C+H+E%3BZahm%2C+D%3BFriedmann%2C+R%3BRuback%2C+R+B%3BBlock%2C+C%3BWeiss%2C+J%3BRogan%2C+D%3BHolmes%2C+W%3BBynum%2C+T%3BHoffman%2C+D%3BMcManus%2C+R%3BMalcan%2C+J%3BWellford%2C+C%3BKessler%2C+D&rft.aulast=Amandus&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical toxicity of antiretroviral nucleoside analogs. AN - 78355097; 8811197 JF - Antiviral research AU - Styrt, B A AU - Piazza-Hepp, T D AU - Chikami, G K AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - July 1996 SP - 121 EP - 135 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0166-3542, 0166-3542 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - 0 KW - Nucleosides KW - Lamivudine KW - 2T8Q726O95 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Zalcitabine KW - 6L3XT8CB3I KW - Stavudine KW - BO9LE4QFZF KW - Didanosine KW - K3GDH6OH08 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Zidovudine -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Mitochondria -- drug effects KW - Lamivudine -- adverse effects KW - Stavudine -- adverse effects KW - Zalcitabine -- adverse effects KW - Didanosine -- adverse effects KW - Nucleosides -- toxicity KW - Antiviral Agents -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78355097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiviral+research&rft.atitle=Clinical+toxicity+of+antiretroviral+nucleoside+analogs.&rft.au=Styrt%2C+B+A%3BPiazza-Hepp%2C+T+D%3BChikami%2C+G+K&rft.aulast=Styrt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antiviral+research&rft.issn=01663542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular analysis of Salmonella hisG428 ochre revertants for rapid characterization of mutational specificity. AN - 78210365; 8671758 AB - The Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA104 and TA102 were developed primarily to aid in the detection of oxidative mutagens and other agents that react preferentially with AT base pairs. Reversion of prototrophy of strains harboring the hisG428 ochre allele can occur by (i) any of seven single base substitutions or (ii) several tandem double base substitutions at the ochre codon, (iii) in-frame deletions removing all or part of the ochre codon or (iv) mutations at several distinct tRNA extragenic suppressor loci. We have used allele-specific oligonucleotide probes and DNA sequence analysis to characterize 625 revertants of strain TA104 (hisG428, rfa, DeltauvrB/pKM101) arising spontaneously or after treatment with methyl methane-sulfonate, glyoxal, streptonigrin or angelicin with UVA radiation. The reversion profiles obtained from these analyses distinguished readily each of the mutagen-treated populations from one another and from spontaneously derived revertants. Both GC and AT base pair-specific revertants were observed. Molecular analyses of S. typhimurium hisG428 revertants permitted rapid assessment of base pair substitution specificity of mutagens, especially the detection of AT base pair substitutions not recovered in strains carrying the complementary hisG46 allele. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Koch, W H AU - Henrikson, E N AU - Cebula, T A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Biology Branch, 200 C St SW (HFS-237), Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - July 1996 SP - 341 EP - 348 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - DNA Probes KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Furocoumarins KW - Mutagens KW - Streptonigrin KW - 261Q3JB310 KW - Histidine KW - 4QD397987E KW - Glyoxal KW - 50NP6JJ975 KW - Methyl Methanesulfonate KW - AT5C31J09G KW - angelicin KW - CZZ080D7BD KW - Index Medicus KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Methyl Methanesulfonate -- toxicity KW - DNA Probes -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - Histidine -- genetics KW - Furocoumarins -- toxicity KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Streptonigrin -- toxicity KW - Glyoxal -- toxicity KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78210365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Molecular+analysis+of+Salmonella+hisG428+ochre+revertants+for+rapid+characterization+of+mutational+specificity.&rft.au=Koch%2C+W+H%3BHenrikson%2C+E+N%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-08 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trauma among American Indians in an urban county. AN - 78201293; 8711098 AB - To describe severe injury among American Indians in a large metropolitan county given that most previous studies of the high Indian injury morbidity and mortality rates have been conducted primarily in rural areas. A retrospective analysis of a hospital trauma registry was conducted for the years 1986-92 at the Harborview Medical Center, the only Level I trauma center in King County, Washington, metropolitan county with the seventh largest number of urban American Indians in the United States. Of 14,851 King County residents included in the registry, 593 (4%) were classified as American Indian. With King County whites as the reference, the age-standardized incidence ratio for inclusion of American Indians in the registry was 4.4 (95% confidence interval 4.1, 4.8). The standardized incidence ratios and proportional incidence ratios showed significant differences in mechanism and whether it was intentional or unintentional among Indians compared with whites. Hospitalizations for stab wounds, bites, and other blunt trauma were all significantly more frequent among Indians. Trauma admissions among Indians were disproportionately associated with assaults. A high proportion (72.3%) of American Indians tested had blood alcohol levels exceeding 0.1%. Urban American Indians experience high rates of trauma, differing from those among whites. Efforts to reduce injury in urban areas should include collaboration with representative urban American Indian organizations. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Sugarman, J R AU - Grossman, D C AD - Division of Research, Evaluation, and Epidemiology, Portland Area Indian Health Service, Seattle, WA, USA. sugarman@u.washington.edu PY - 1996 SP - 321 EP - 327 VL - 111 IS - 4 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Trauma Centers KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Population Surveillance KW - Child, Preschool KW - Registries KW - Infant KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Alcoholism -- complications KW - Female KW - Male KW - Indians, North American KW - Urban Health KW - Multiple Trauma -- etiology KW - Multiple Trauma -- ethnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78201293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Trauma+among+American+Indians+in+an+urban+county.&rft.au=Sugarman%2C+J+R%3BGrossman%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Sugarman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-10 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1992 Jun 17;84(12):957-62 [1629916] Public Health Rep. 1992 Jul-Aug;107(4):402-8 [1641436] Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1992 Oct;62(4):525-34 [1443061] Am J Kidney Dis. 1993 Apr;21(4):383-6 [8465817] Am J Public Health. 1993 May;83(5):681-4 [8484448] JAMA. 1992 Mar 11;267(10):1345-8 [1740855] JAMA. 1994 Mar 16;271(11):845-50 [8114239] N Engl J Med. 1994 Aug 4;331(5):304-9 [8022442] JAMA. 1994 Mar 9;271(10):755-60 [8114212] Med Care. 1989 Apr;27(4):412-22 [2649755] JAMA. 1989 Oct 13;262(14):1973-9 [2778933] Comment In: Public Health Rep. 1996 Jul-Aug;111(4):320 [8711097] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of lincomycin residue in salmon tissues by ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AN - 78190907; 8757439 AB - A method is described for detecting and quantitating lincomycin residue in salmon muscle and skin tissues by ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with electrochemical detection at +0.9 V. Lincomycin was extracted from tissues by homogenizing with 0.01 M KH2PO4 buffer (pH 4.5) and centrifuging the mixture. Water-soluble proteins were precipitated by adding sodium tungstate and sulfuric acid and removed by centrifugation. The buffer extract was then passed through a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge. Lincomycin was eluted with 50% acetonitrile in water, and the eluate containing lincomycin was extracted with ethyl acetate. After the solvent had evaporated, the residue was redissolved in mobile phase and analyzed by LC. The method had a limit of detection of 7 ng/g lincomycin for salmon muscle and 12 ng/g for salmon skin. The limit of quantitation was 17 ng/g for salmon muscle and 24 ng/g for salmon skin. Average recoveries of lincomycin spiked at 50, 100, and 200 ng/g were > or = 85% for salmon muscle and > or = 80% for salmon skin. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Luo, W AU - Hansen, E B AU - Ang, C Y AU - Thompson, H C AD - US Food Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Chemistry, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 839 EP - 843 VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Acetonitriles KW - 0 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - Buffers KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Lincomycin KW - BOD072YW0F KW - acetonitrile KW - Z072SB282N KW - Index Medicus KW - Acetonitriles -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Electrochemistry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- metabolism KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Muscles -- metabolism KW - Drug Residues -- metabolism KW - Lincomycin -- analysis KW - Lincomycin -- metabolism KW - Salmon -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78190907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+lincomycin+residue+in+salmon+tissues+by+ion-pair+reversed-phase+liquid+chromatography+with+electrochemical+detection.&rft.au=Luo%2C+W%3BHansen%2C+E+B%3BAng%2C+C+Y%3BThompson%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Luo&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of ceftiofur in bovine milk by liquid chromatography. AN - 78182619; 8757440 AB - A liquid chromatographic procedure is described for determination of ceftiofur (CEF) residues in milk. Milk samples were diluted with ammonium acetate solution and extracted on a C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) column. After the analyte was eluted from the SPE column with methanol, extract volumes were reduced under nitrogen, diluted to 2.0 mL with acetate buffer, and filtered. CEF was determined after separation of milk components by reverse-phase chromatography with UV detection at 293 nm. Recoveries of CEF from bovine milk fortified at 25, 50, and 100 ppb were 86.1, 90.8, and 92.0%, respectively, with coefficients of variation (CVs) of 6.4, 7.3, and 3.9%, respectively. Values of CEF obtained from analysis of milk containing 2 levels of biologically incurred residues were 26.1 and 67.3 ppb with CVs of 3.8 and 4.4%, respectively. The limits of detection and quantitation were estimated to be 4 and 7 ppb, respectively. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - McNeilly, P J AU - Reeves, V B AU - Deveau, E J AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural Research Center-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 844 EP - 847 VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Cephalosporins KW - ceftiofur KW - 83JL932I1C KW - ammonium acetate KW - RRE756S6Q2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Reference Standards KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Acetates -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Milk -- metabolism KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- metabolism KW - Cephalosporins -- analysis KW - Cephalosporins -- metabolism KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78182619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+ceftiofur+in+bovine+milk+by+liquid+chromatography.&rft.au=McNeilly%2C+P+J%3BReeves%2C+V+B%3BDeveau%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=McNeilly&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=844&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a rapid and automated enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay for detecting Escherichia coli serogroup O157 in cheese. AN - 78177385; 8757443 AB - The Vitek Immunodiagnostic Assay System (VI-DAS) for Escherichia coli O157, a rapid and fully automated test, was evaluated for use in detecting the foodborne pathogen E. coli O157:H7 in soft, semisoft, and hard cheeses. Sixty-five cheese samples were artificially contaminated at low (2-4 colonyforming units [cfu]/25 g) and high (7-10 cfu/25 g) levels with one of 2 strains of enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7. Contamination at high levels was detected in all cheeses by VIDAS, whereas in 5 cheeses (7.7%) inoculated at low levels, contamination was not detected. In 15 additional cheeses inoculated with cold-stressed cells, both VIDAS and the Bacteriological Analytical Manual cultural assay detected all high and low levels of contamination. No false positives or interference from product background fluorescence was encountered in any of the cheeses tested by VIDAS. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Cohen, A E AU - Kerdahi, K F AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Northeast Regional Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11232, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 858 EP - 860 VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- methods KW - Fluorescence KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Reference Standards KW - Food Microbiology KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Cheese -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78177385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+rapid+and+automated+enzyme-linked+fluorescent+immunoassay+for+detecting+Escherichia+coli+serogroup+O157+in+cheese.&rft.au=Cohen%2C+A+E%3BKerdahi%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=858&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination and survey of deoxynivalenol in white flour, whole wheat flour, and bran. AN - 78176173; 8757447 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining deoxynivalenol (DON) in white flour, whole wheat flour, and bran was developed. A 25 g test portion was extracted with acetonitrile-water (84 + 16), and the extract was filtered and applied to a column containing a combination of charcoal, Celite, and other adsorbents. The eluate was then chromatographed on a silica-based, reversed-phase LC column by using a gradient of water and methanol. DON was measured at 220 nm. Average recoveries of DON from white flour, whole wheat flour, and bran spiked at 1 microgram/g were 88, 86, and 85%, respectively. The limit of determination of the method was or = 1 microgram/g from 163 bran, 272 white flour, 90 whole wheat flour, and 37 miscellaneous test samples were 20, 28, 14, and 2, respectively. About 52, 50, 40, and 27% of the same test samples were contaminated with DON at levels > 0.01 micrograms/g. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Ready, D W AU - Pender, M K AU - Ligmond, C A AU - Wood, G E AU - Page, S W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Natural Products, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 883 EP - 887 VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Trichothecenes KW - 0 KW - Charcoal KW - 16291-96-6 KW - Diatomaceous Earth KW - 61790-53-2 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Microbiology KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Adsorption KW - Silicon Dioxide -- chemistry KW - Diatomaceous Earth -- chemistry KW - Charcoal -- chemistry KW - Flour -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Trichothecenes -- metabolism KW - Triticum -- microbiology KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Dietary Fiber -- analysis KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78176173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+and+survey+of+deoxynivalenol+in+white+flour%2C+whole+wheat+flour%2C+and+bran.&rft.au=Trucksess%2C+M+W%3BReady%2C+D+W%3BPender%2C+M+K%3BLigmond%2C+C+A%3BWood%2C+G+E%3BPage%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Trucksess&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of urease-bromothymol blue-agar method for large-scale testing of urine on grain and seeds. AN - 78174967; 8757445 AB - The current AOAC method (963.28) for large-scale (50 g) testing of urine on grain is based on the reaction of sodium in urine with magnesium uranyl acetate. Detection of sodium suggests that urine is present and that a test for urea is appropriate. Urea is detected with urease-bromothymol blue-paper and is confirmed through its reaction with xanthydrol to form dixanthylurea crystals, which are detected microscopically. The initial nonspecific test for sodium can be influenced by the presence of salt or other sodium compounds. Furthermore, the magnesium uranyl acetate spray used in Method 963.28 potentially exposes the analyst to the aerosol of a volatile, toxic uranium compound. Excess reagents and analyzed test portions must be disposed of as radioactive waste. In addition, Method 963.28 requires several steps to determine the presence of urea. The alternative AOAC method (972.41) tests for the presence of urea from urine on individual seeds. Urea is enzymatically decomposed to ammonia and carbon dioxide by urease. Liberated ammonia shifts the pH, changing the color of the indicator in the agar from yellow to blue. This study adapts Method 972.41 to larger test samples. Up to 25 g grains and seeds are sprayed with urease test agar instead of being individually immersed in the urease test agar. The modified method was used to analyze urea on seeds and grains of 24 plants from 4 families. The method has a limit of detection of one seed contaminated with 1 microgram urea. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Valdes, P A AU - Ziobro, G C AU - Ferrera, R S AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microanalytical Evaluations, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 866 EP - 873 VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Organometallic Compounds KW - Radioactive Waste KW - uranyl acetate KW - 285PN2K1AO KW - Agar KW - 9002-18-0 KW - Urease KW - EC 3.5.1.5 KW - Bromthymol Blue KW - VGU4LM0H96 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Indicators and Reagents -- chemistry KW - Radioactive Waste -- prevention & control KW - Organometallic Compounds -- chemistry KW - Bromthymol Blue -- chemistry KW - Seeds -- chemistry KW - Agar -- chemistry KW - Urease -- chemistry KW - Edible Grain -- metabolism KW - Edible Grain -- chemistry KW - Urine -- chemistry KW - Seeds -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78174967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Use+of+urease-bromothymol+blue-agar+method+for+large-scale+testing+of+urine+on+grain+and+seeds.&rft.au=Valdes%2C+P+A%3BZiobro%2C+G+C%3BFerrera%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Valdes&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Homogeneity of fruits and vegetables comminuted in a vertical cutter mixer. AN - 78174793; 8757457 AB - The homogeneity of comminuted composites of 20 lb samples of apples, cabbage, and green beans containing field-incurred residues of p, p'-methoxychlor was studied to determine whether a 5 min comminution in a 40 qt vertical cutter mixer produces a homogeneous composite and whether the size of test portions used accurately represents the composite. Duplicate test portions of 100, 50, 25, 10, 5, and 2 g taken from each of 6 separate sections of the mixer were analyzed by standard pesticide residue methodology for p, p'-methoxychlor. Results of this study confirmed that comminution of fresh produce in a 40 qt vertical cutter mixer, according to instructions described in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Pesticide Analytical Manual, Volume I, Section 203B, produces a homogeneous composite. No significant differences were found in the data for the 3 crops taken from the 6 sections of the mixer. Test portion weights of 100, 50, and 25 g produced equivalent results for all 3 crops. Statistically significant differences were observed for cabbage at 2, 5, and 10 g and for green beans at 2 g. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Young, S J AU - Parfitt, C H AU - Newell, R F AU - Spittler, T D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 976 EP - 980 VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Analysis of Variance KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Quality Control KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Methoxychlor -- analysis KW - Vegetables -- chemistry KW - Methoxychlor -- metabolism KW - Food Handling KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- metabolism KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Fruit -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78174793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Homogeneity+of+fruits+and+vegetables+comminuted+in+a+vertical+cutter+mixer.&rft.au=Young%2C+S+J%3BParfitt%2C+C+H%3BNewell%2C+R+F%3BSpittler%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular detection of Clostridium botulinum type E neurotoxin gene in smoked fish by polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis. AN - 78174232; 8757444 AB - The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a rapid, sensitive technique for amplifying target DNA sequences of pathogenic microorganisms, was used to amplify Clostridium botulinum type E neurotoxin gene fragments in smoked fish. Other botulinal neurotoxin-producing strains, nontoxigenic strains, and food-related microorganisms did not yield nonspecific amplification products with this PCR assay. PCR products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using a low-viscosity entangled polymer system. Resolution, sensitivity, and DNA sizing accuracy were improved, and analytical times were markedly shortened. The PCR/CE assay detected the C. botulinum type E neurotoxin gene in as few as 10 cells. The technique to other foods may also be a valuable tool for detecting foodborne pathogens. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Sciacchitano, C J AU - Hirshfield, I N AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Northeast Regional Laboratory, Brooklyn, NY 11232, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 861 EP - 865 VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Salmon KW - Animals KW - Neurotoxins -- metabolism KW - Neurotoxins -- genetics KW - Food Preservation KW - Molecular Weight KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Viscosity KW - Cyprinidae KW - Food Contamination KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Neurotoxins -- chemistry KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary KW - Botulinum Toxins -- analysis KW - Fish Products -- microbiology KW - DNA, Bacterial -- chemistry KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Botulinum Toxins -- genetics KW - Clostridium botulinum -- metabolism KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Botulinum Toxins -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Clostridium botulinum -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78174232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Molecular+detection+of+Clostridium+botulinum+type+E+neurotoxin+gene+in+smoked+fish+by+polymerase+chain+reaction+and+capillary+electrophoresis.&rft.au=Sciacchitano%2C+C+J%3BHirshfield%2C+I+N&rft.aulast=Sciacchitano&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=861&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of solid-phase extraction disks for analysis of moderately polar and nonpolar pesticides in high-moisture foods. AN - 78173520; 8757452 AB - This study investigated the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE) disks in analysis of high-moisture ( or = 80%) suggest that use of SPE disks can complement traditional liquid-liquid extraction procedures. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Casanova, J A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration 60 8th St, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 936 EP - 940 VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Index Medicus KW - Solubility KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Reference Standards KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Food Analysis KW - Insecticides -- chemistry KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- chemistry KW - Insecticides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78173520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Use+of+solid-phase+extraction+disks+for+analysis+of+moderately+polar+and+nonpolar+pesticides+in+high-moisture+foods.&rft.au=Casanova%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Casanova&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=936&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Usefulness of cellulase in recovery of Salmonella spp. from guar gum. AN - 78173481; 8757442 AB - Most foods examined for Salmonella spp. by the procedure described in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual are preenriched at a 1:9 sample/broth ratio. However, 25 g guar gum (an emulsifying agent) is not wetted completely in 225 mL of preenrichment broth, and after a 24 h incubation at 35 degrees C, the product is transformed into a viscous, nonpipettable mass. The effects of 4 factors (inorganic salts, pH, temperature, and various enzymes) on the viscosity of the sample/preenrichment mixture during incubation were determined. Addition of various inorganic salts or adjustment of pH from 4.0 to 9.0 had no significant effect on the viscosity of the incubated mixture. Elevated incubation temperatures of 42 degrees, 44 degrees, and 46 degrees C reduced viscosity but were well above the optimal growth temperature for Salmonella, 35 degrees C. Addition of cellulose to lactose broth at a final concentration of 0.01% reduced viscosity of the mixture, making it readily pipettable. At least one Salmonella cell was consistently recovered from 25 g samples of guar gum, which represents a most probable number value of 0.04 cell per g. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Amaguaña, R M AU - Sherrod, P S AU - Hammack, T S AU - June, G A AU - Andrews, W H AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 853 EP - 857 VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Galactans KW - Mannans KW - Plant Gums KW - guar gum KW - E89I1637KE KW - Cellulase KW - EC 3.2.1.4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Viscosity KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Temperature KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Mannans -- chemistry KW - Dietary Fiber -- metabolism KW - Cellulase -- metabolism KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Galactans -- metabolism KW - Mannans -- metabolism KW - Galactans -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78173481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Usefulness+of+cellulase+in+recovery+of+Salmonella+spp.+from+guar+gum.&rft.au=Amagua%C3%B1a%2C+R+M%3BSherrod%2C+P+S%3BHammack%2C+T+S%3BJune%2C+G+A%3BAndrews%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Amagua%C3%B1a&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=853&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using pressure to decrease the pain of intramuscular injections. AN - 78137197; 8718917 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if applying pressure to the site for 10 sec prior to an intramuscular injection would reduce injection pain, an approach suggested by anecdotal observation and the gate control theory. The subjects were 93 patients who had dorsogluteal intramuscular injections of immune globulin at a county health department. Forty-eight received the pressure treatment and 45 received a standard injection in which no pressure was applied. Mean pain intensity on a 100-mm visual analogue scale, adjusted for differences in injection volume, was 13.6 mm for the experimental group and 21.5 mm for the control group (P = 0.03). The findings suggest that simple manual pressure applied to the site is a useful technique to decrease injection pain. JF - Journal of pain and symptom management AU - Barnhill, B J AU - Holbert, M D AU - Jackson, N M AU - Erickson, R S AD - Medford School District, Jackson County Department of Health and Human Services, Medford, Oregon, USA. Y1 - 1996/07// PY - 1996 DA - July 1996 SP - 52 EP - 58 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0885-3924, 0885-3924 KW - gamma-Globulins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Pain Measurement KW - Middle Aged KW - Pressure KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - gamma-Globulins -- administration & dosage KW - Pain -- prevention & control KW - Injections, Intramuscular -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78137197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+pain+and+symptom+management&rft.atitle=Using+pressure+to+decrease+the+pain+of+intramuscular+injections.&rft.au=Barnhill%2C+B+J%3BHolbert%2C+M+D%3BJackson%2C+N+M%3BErickson%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Barnhill&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+pain+and+symptom+management&rft.issn=08853924&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-03 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On interspecies correlations of carcinogenic potencies. AN - 78113811; 8656447 AB - It has been established in the literature that constraints on the designs of experiments used to estimate carcinogenic potencies cause overestimation of true biological interspecies correlations of such potencies. This article explores the potential for appreciable underestimation of interspecies correlations, due to the experimental error that occurs in the estimation of carcinogenic potencies. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Kodell, R L AU - Basu, A P AU - Gaylor, D W AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. rkodell@fdant.nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1996/06/28/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jun 28 SP - 231 EP - 237 VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Biological Assay KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Species Specificity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78113811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=On+interspecies+correlations+of+carcinogenic+potencies.&rft.au=Kodell%2C+R+L%3BBasu%2C+A+P%3BGaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Kodell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-06-28&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-30 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reversal of acute theophylline toxicity by calcium channel blockers in dogs and rats. AN - 78085903; 8658552 AB - Theophylline, widely used in the treatment of pulmonary diseases, has a narrow therapeutic index; the recommended plasma levels being 10-20 micrograms/ml in humans. The misuse or abuse of theophylline can cause life-threatening central nervous system and cardiovascular effects. Increased intracellular Ca2+ levels are thought to play an important role in theophylline toxicity and death. The objective of this study was to determine whether Ca2+ channel blockers, e.g. verapamil, nifedipine, or diltiazem, prevent sudden death caused by theophylline treatment in rats and dogs. Groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with theophylline alone (150 mg/kg i.p.) or with theophylline pretreatment followed by administration of verapamil (0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg i.p.), nifedipine (0.25 to 1.0 mg/kg i.p.), or diltiazem (0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg i.p.), 2.5 to 15 min later. The rats were observed for toxic signs and survival over a period of 15 days. All three calcium channel blockers significantly reduced the theophylline-induced sudden death in rats. In a separate study, neither verapamil (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) nor nifedipine (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) prevented the theophylline-induced myocardial necrosis in the rat. In beagle dogs, verapamil (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) prevented theophylline (15 mg/kg/min i.v. for 10 min)-induced hypotension, arrhythmias, and sudden death. Our results support previously reported findings that calcium plays a major role in theophylline-induced toxicity and death. JF - Toxicology AU - Whitehurst, V E AU - Joseph, X AU - Vick, J A AU - Alleva, F R AU - Zhang, J AU - Balazs, T AD - Division of Oncology and Pulmonary Drug Products, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/06/17/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jun 17 SP - 113 EP - 121 VL - 110 IS - 1-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Bronchodilator Agents KW - 0 KW - Calcium Channel Blockers KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors KW - Theophylline KW - C137DTR5RG KW - Verapamil KW - CJ0O37KU29 KW - Diltiazem KW - EE92BBP03H KW - Nifedipine KW - I9ZF7L6G2L KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Arrhythmias, Cardiac -- mortality KW - Arrhythmias, Cardiac -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Respiration -- drug effects KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Verapamil -- pharmacology KW - Hypotension -- mortality KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Heart Rate -- drug effects KW - Diltiazem -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Electrocardiography -- drug effects KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Nifedipine -- administration & dosage KW - Infusions, Intravenous KW - Death, Sudden, Cardiac -- prevention & control KW - Nifedipine -- pharmacology KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Diltiazem -- administration & dosage KW - Verapamil -- administration & dosage KW - Dogs KW - Hypotension -- prevention & control KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Calcium Channel Blockers -- pharmacology KW - Bronchodilator Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Calcium Channel Blockers -- administration & dosage KW - Theophylline -- toxicity KW - Bronchodilator Agents -- toxicity KW - Theophylline -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78085903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Reversal+of+acute+theophylline+toxicity+by+calcium+channel+blockers+in+dogs+and+rats.&rft.au=Whitehurst%2C+V+E%3BJoseph%2C+X%3BVick%2C+J+A%3BAlleva%2C+F+R%3BZhang%2C+J%3BBalazs%2C+T&rft.aulast=Whitehurst&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1996-06-17&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-30 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age dependence of the cardiac lesions induced by minoxidil in the rat. AN - 78085858; 8658561 AB - To evaluate the age- and dose-dependence of the cardiotoxicity induced by minoxidil, histologic studies were made of the hearts of 3-, 6-, 15- and 24-month-old Sprague Dawley rats treated with either 10, 50 or 250 mg/kg of the drug p.o. daily for two consecutive days. The 10 mg/kg dose of minoxidil induced myocyte necrosis in each of the 24-month-old rats but only in one other animal (6-month-old). The 50 mg/kg dose produced necrosis in all the 15- and 24-month-old rats, but in only one of the other animals (6-month-old), while the 250 mg/kg dose induced necrosis in animals of all ages. Inflammation was present in all minoxidil-treated animals, but at each dose level it was most severe in the oldest rats. Interstitial hemorrhages were observed at all dose levels, but increased in frequency and severity with the dose of minoxidil, and at each dose level they were more severe in the oldest animals. Vascular lesions consisting of arteriolar damage and calcification were observed only in the 24-month-old animals. Thus, these data demonstrate that the cardiac lesions induced by minoxidil are more frequent and severe in older than in younger rats. JF - Toxicology AU - Herman, E H AU - Zhang, J AU - Chadwick, D P AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Research and Testing, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1996/06/17/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jun 17 SP - 71 EP - 83 VL - 110 IS - 1-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Vasodilator Agents KW - 0 KW - Minoxidil KW - 5965120SH1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Arteritis -- chemically induced KW - Heart Ventricles -- cytology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Heart Rate -- drug effects KW - Hemorrhage -- chemically induced KW - Necrosis -- chemically induced KW - Heart Ventricles -- drug effects KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Staining and Labeling KW - Male KW - Arterioles -- drug effects KW - Minoxidil -- toxicity KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Vasodilator Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Aging -- pathology KW - Vasodilator Agents -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78085858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Age+dependence+of+the+cardiac+lesions+induced+by+minoxidil+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Herman%2C+E+H%3BZhang%2C+J%3BChadwick%2C+D+P%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-06-17&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-30 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - PROPOSED U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION LABORATORY, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA. AN - 36399912; 5909 AB - PURPOSE: The construction of a 140,000 square-foot Food and Drug Administration (FDA) facility on the campus of the University of California, Irvine (UCI), in the city of Irvine, California, is proposed. The UCI campus is located approximately 40 air miles southeast of downtown Los Angeles. The facility would consolidate existing facilities: an FDA laboratory in downtown Los Angeles, including the California State Department of Health Food and Drug Section; complementary functions from the FDA San Francisco laboratory; and the FDA Irvine office. The laboratory would be multifunctional with respect to FDA activities, including administrative functions, such as investigation and compliance activities, and laboratory testing and analytical services. The facility would have a food chemistry branch, drug chemistry branch, pesticides branch, microbiology branch, and biochemistry section for its testing and analytical services. Portions or functions of the laboratory could be used, in cooperation with UCI, for educational purposes. The facility would employ approximately 230 persons to provide administrative functions, including industry outreach and partnering, investigation, compliance, and public affairs activities; and laboratory testing and analytical services in the areas of food and drug chemistry, pesticides, microbiology, and biochemistry. Issues of concern EIS include building design, parking, landscaping, utilities, security, site preparation, activities to be performed when in operation, and the cumulative impacts of other future development projects within surrounding cities. Four alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are considered in this draft EIS. Under the proposed alternative, the 140,000 square-foot, two-story facility would be constructed on a 10-acre site that would be purchased from the University of California. The site is located in the southern portion of the 118-acre North Campus area, which is physically separated from the rest of the campus by the San Joaquin Freshwater Marsh Reserve, San Diego Creek, and University Drive. The site fronts on Fairchild Road, east of MacArthur Boulevard and south of Jamboree Road. The other alternatives under consideration include alternative site configurations with the construction of a building three or more stories tall and an alternative site on the northeast corner of Barrance Parkway and Laguna Canyon Road in Irvine. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The consolidation of FDA offices would improve efficiency, reduce costs, and make it possible for the FDA to meet the requirements of conducting regulatory science into the 21st century. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The project would adversely affect archeological site CA-ORA-116, a small prehistoric campsite or seasonally occupied village overlooking the San Joaquin Marsh that is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Excavation could adversely affect paleontological resources. Ten acres of open space and non-native grassland habitat would be lost, which also could result in reduced wildlife access to the Marsh Reserve area. Exotic plant species could be introduced into the reserve, displacing native species. Altered surface runoff conditions could adversely affect water quality in the San Diego Creek and the Marsh Reserve, and the quantity of water delivered to the reserve. LEGAL MANDATES: Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4601). JF - EPA number: 960286, 241 pages, June 17, 1996 PY - 1996 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Archaeological Sites KW - Buildings KW - Land Acquisitions KW - Land Use KW - Paleontological Sites KW - Public Health KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Site Planning KW - Wetlands KW - California KW - City of Irvine, California KW - San Diego Creek KW - San Joaquin Freshwater Marsh Reserve KW - Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36399912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-06-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=PROPOSED+U.S.+FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+LABORATORY%2C+IRVINE%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.title=PROPOSED+U.S.+FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+LABORATORY%2C+IRVINE%2C+CALIFORNIA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of the Army, Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles, California; ARMY N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: June 17, 1996 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global tests for analysis of multiple tumour data from animal carcinogenicity experiments. AN - 78313196; 8804149 AB - This paper presents test procedures for testing of the overall dose effect at every tumour type site simultaneously in a chronic animal carcinogenicity bioassay. I derive global tests of the tumour prevalence rates and the tumour onset rates using the generalized estimating equations approach. The test is based on the model of a common dose effect alternative. I used the logistic regression model for simultaneous testing of non-lethal tumours, and the Poly-3 test for testing of mixtures of lethal or non-lethal tumours of different types/sites. An application illustrating the proposed tests concerns analysis of a carcinogenicity experiment designed to study the dose response of hepatocellular and bladder tumours to 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) exposure. JF - Statistics in medicine AU - Chen, J J AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/06/15/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jun 15 SP - 1217 EP - 1225 VL - 15 IS - 11 SN - 0277-6715, 0277-6715 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Biological Assay KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Models, Statistical KW - Logistic Models KW - Adenoma -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms, Multiple Primary -- chemically induced KW - Papilloma -- chemically induced KW - Male KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Survival Analysis KW - Prevalence KW - Regression Analysis KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78313196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.atitle=Global+tests+for+analysis+of+multiple+tumour+data+from+animal+carcinogenicity+experiments.&rft.au=Chen%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-06-15&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.issn=02776715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-19 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of alimentary exposure to Listeria monocytogenes. AN - 78415563; 8856375 AB - Survey data on the frequency of foodborne occurrence and dietary exposure to Listeria monocytogenes were used to estimate the mininmal mean per person annual rate of exposure in the United States during the late 1980s. The estimate was restricted to ready-to-eat (RTE) foods because proper cooking was assumed to be listericidal. The mean amount of each food type per L. monocytogenes occurrence was calculated in about 100 sources, and dietary intake data were used to calculate the mean number of occurrences of L. monocytogenes consumption per person per year. The mean number of occurrences consumed annually per person was determined to be 10 to 100 for RTE food values of 2 to 20% of the total dietary intake, respectively. The frequency of foodborne listeriosis (approximately 10(-5)) was consistent with the estimated exposure rate only if the susceptible population was unexpectedly small or extremely high doses were necessary for infection. Because little evidence is available to support a high rate of unreported non-severe infections, this study was concerned only with severe listeriosis cases. Published frequencies of L. monocytogenes concentrations in food were used to convert occurrences to colony forming units (CFU). Low L. monocytogenes concentrations (approximately 1 CFU/g) were too frequent to be responsible for listeriosis in susceptible subjects, would have caused listeriosis only with extremely low probability in a one-cell threshold infection model. The probability of exposure to a higher dose (> or = 10(3) CFU) was large enough to account for the observed rate of listeriosis. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Hitchins, A D AD - Division of Microbiological Studies (HFS-516), Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - June 1996 SP - 71 EP - 85 VL - 30 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Male KW - Listeriosis -- epidemiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Digestive System -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78415563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+alimentary+exposure+to+Listeria+monocytogenes.&rft.au=Hitchins%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Hitchins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of transgenic cell lines for evaluating toxic metabolites of carbamazepine. AN - 78349721; 8817061 AB - Human lymphoblastoid cell lines transgenic for human CYP450s were evaluated for the identification of toxic metabolites of the anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine (CBZ). Human CYP450 isoforms expressed by these cell lines included 1A1, 1A2, 2E1, 2A6, and 3A4. A dose-dependent inhibition of population growth from 50-200 micrograms/ml CBZ was detected by measuring cell number and respiration. The inhibition increased with the growth rate of the various lines, which correlated inversely with the presence of CYP450s, and may have been caused by CBZ itself. Cytotoxicity was observed only at the highest dose and in the line lacking transfected CYP450s. Microsomal preparations from hCYP3A4/OR cells converted CBZ into its principal oxidative metabolite, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E), at a rate of 630 pmol/min per mg protein, confirming a major role of CYP3A4 in this reaction. However, no CBZ-E (or any metabolite) was recovered from any whole-cell incubation even though hCYP3A4 cells readily converted testosterone to 6 beta-hydroxytestosterone. This suggests that differences exist between whole-cell and microsomal preparations of lymphoblastoid cells in their ability to metabolize CBZ. JF - Cell biology and toxicology AU - Valentine, C R AU - Valentine, J L AU - Seng, J AU - Leakey, J AU - Casciano, D AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - June 1996 SP - 155 EP - 165 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0742-2091, 0742-2091 KW - Carbamazepine KW - 33CM23913M KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 KW - EC 1.14.13.- KW - CYP3A4 protein, human KW - EC 1.14.13.67 KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - CYP3A protein, human KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxygen Consumption -- drug effects KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 -- metabolism KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- enzymology KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Microsomes -- metabolism KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Microsomes -- drug effects KW - Transgenes KW - Carbamazepine -- toxicity KW - Carbamazepine -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78349721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=The+use+of+transgenic+cell+lines+for+evaluating+toxic+metabolites+of+carbamazepine.&rft.au=Valentine%2C+C+R%3BValentine%2C+J+L%3BSeng%2C+J%3BLeakey%2C+J%3BCasciano%2C+D&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electrical fatalities among U.S. construction workers. AN - 78300912; 8794957 AB - Over 2000 electrocution deaths were identified among U.S. construction workers from 1980 to 1991, with the highest mean annual crude mortality rate (2.5 per 100,000 people), and second highest mean age-adjusted rate (2.7 per 100,000 people) of all industries. Although the crude fatality rates showed a downward trend, construction workers are still about four times more likely to be electrocuted at work than are workers in all industries combined. Nearly 40% of the 5083 fatal electrocutions in all industries combined occurred in construction, and 80% were associated with industrial wiring, appliances, and transmission lines. Electrocutions ranked as the second leading cause of death among construction workers, accounting for an average of 15% of traumatic deaths in the industry from 1980 to 1991. The study indicates that the workers most at risk of electrical injury are male, young, nonwhite, and electricians, structural metal workers, and laborers. The most likely time of injury is 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. from June to August. Focusing prevention on these populations and characteristics through better methods of worker and supervisor electrical safety training, use of adequate protective clothing, and compliance with established procedures could minimize the average annual loss of 168 U.S. construction workers. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Ore, T AU - Casini, V AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WVa 26505, USA. Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - June 1996 SP - 587 EP - 592 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Periodicity KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupations KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Age Distribution KW - Accidents, Occupational -- trends KW - Electric Injuries -- mortality KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78300912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Electrical+fatalities+among+U.S.+construction+workers.&rft.au=Ore%2C+T%3BCasini%2C+V&rft.aulast=Ore&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of symptom surveys for occupational musculoskeletal disorders. AN - 78278922; 8773721 AB - Symptom surveys have been used extensively as part of workplace ergonomic screening programs and epidemiologic assessments of musculoskeletal disorders in groups of workers. This paper examines the reliability and validity of two musculoskeletal symptom surveys, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and a survey used in conjunction with epidemiologic assessments by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Journal articles assessing the validity and reliability of the NMQ were reviewed. A retrospective assessment combining two NIOSH cohorts with a total of 852 workers assessed the reliability and validity of that survey. Reliability was assessed through test-retest methods and interitem correlations between similar questions. Validity was assessed by comparison with results from physical examination assessments of workers and self-reports of workers seeking medical care. Both reliability and validity were found to be acceptable for the purposes of workplace ergonomics programs. Implications for use of these surveys for prevention and treatment outcomes research are discussed. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Baron, S AU - Hales, T AU - Hurrell, J AD - Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - June 1996 SP - 609 EP - 617 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Odds Ratio KW - Hand Injuries -- diagnosis KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Hand Injuries -- rehabilitation KW - Humans KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Physical Examination KW - Ontario KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Health Status Indicators KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78278922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+symptom+surveys+for+occupational+musculoskeletal+disorders.&rft.au=Baron%2C+S%3BHales%2C+T%3BHurrell%2C+J&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-06 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synergistic induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid in combination with polytetrafluoroethylene particles in a murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. AN - 78163838; 8731214 AB - The induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles (5-50 microns) and by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was examined in RAW cell cultures. Twenty-four-hour culture supernatants from the treated and control cells were assayed for TNF-alpha using a mouse L929 cell cytotoxicity assay. Untreated RAW cells produced low levels of endogenous TNF-alpha in the culture supernatants. Addition of 0.5 ng to 1 microgram/ mL LPS or 1 ng to 1 microgram/ml LTA increased the TNF-alpha production by 7-3570-fold and 2-815-fold, respectively. Addition of 1-5 mg PTFE increased the TNF-alpha production by 6-17-fold over the untreated control cell levels. The cells exposed to PTFE and 0.5 ng/mL LPS or 5 ng/mL LTA produced TNF-alpha levels that were significantly higher than those produced by any inducer alone. Thus, both LTA, a Gram-positive bacterial cell wall component and LPS, a Gram-negative bacterial cell wall component, can induce TNF-alpha production, which is further enhanced by PTFE particles in RAW cells. JF - Journal of biomedical materials research AU - Chapekar, M S AU - Zaremba, T G AU - Kuester, R K AU - Hitchins, V M AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA. Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - June 1996 SP - 251 EP - 256 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Biocompatible Materials KW - 0 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Teichoic Acids KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - lipoteichoic acid KW - 56411-57-5 KW - Polytetrafluoroethylene KW - 9002-84-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Macrophages KW - Animals KW - L Cells (Cell Line) KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Biological Assay KW - Enterococcus faecalis KW - Mice KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Kinetics KW - Escherichia coli KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Drug Synergism KW - Cell Line KW - Teichoic Acids -- pharmacology KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- analysis KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- biosynthesis KW - Polytetrafluoroethylene -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78163838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biomedical+materials+research&rft.atitle=Synergistic+induction+of+tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha+by+bacterial+lipopolysaccharide+and+lipoteichoic+acid+in+combination+with+polytetrafluoroethylene+particles+in+a+murine+macrophage+cell+line+RAW+264.7.&rft.au=Chapekar%2C+M+S%3BZaremba%2C+T+G%3BKuester%2C+R+K%3BHitchins%2C+V+M&rft.aulast=Chapekar&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biomedical+materials+research&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a major human urinary metabolite of alachlor by LC-MS/MS. AN - 78135904; 8661877 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Driskell, W J AU - Hill, R H AU - Shealy, D B AU - Hull, R D AU - Hines, C J AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - June 1996 SP - 853 EP - 859 VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Mercury Compounds KW - alachlor KW - 24S2S61PXL KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Health KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Herbicides -- urine KW - Herbicides -- metabolism KW - Acetamides -- urine KW - Acetamides -- metabolism KW - Mercury Compounds -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78135904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+major+human+urinary+metabolite+of+alachlor+by+LC-MS%2FMS.&rft.au=Driskell%2C+W+J%3BHill%2C+R+H%3BShealy%2C+D+B%3BHull%2C+R+D%3BHines%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Driskell&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=853&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simple upper limit for the sum of the risks of the components in a mixture. AN - 78105310; 8693164 AB - Natural or manufactured products may contain mixtures of carcinogens and the human environment certainly contains mixtures of carcinogens. Various authors have shown that the total risk of a mixture can be approximated by the sum of the risks of the individual components under a variety of conditions at low doses. Under these conditions, summing the individual estimated upper bound risks, as currently often done, is too conservative because it is unlikely that all risks for a mixture are at their maximum levels simultaneously. In the absence of synergism, a simple procedure is proposed for estimating a more appropriate upper bound of the additive risks for a mixture of carcinogens. These simple limits also apply to noncancer endpoints when the risks of the components are approximately additive. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Chen, J J AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - June 1996 SP - 395 EP - 398 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Index Medicus KW - Biometry KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Likelihood Functions KW - Risk KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78105310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=A+simple+upper+limit+for+the+sum+of+the+risks+of+the+components+in+a+mixture.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BChen%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of the expression of the IFN-gamma receptor beta-chain controls responsiveness to IFN-gamma in human peripheral blood T cells. AN - 78076109; 8666783 AB - IFN-gamma has potent antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in T cells that are important in determining T cell development and polarized differentiation. Therefore, any event that enables T cells to become less responsive to IFN- gamma may potentially alter immune responsiveness to Ag. In this work, we show that human peripheral blood T cells that are stimulated through the TCR and expanded with IL-2 are unresponsive to IFN-gamma, as determined by a lack of activation of jak kinases and the transcription factor, STAT1(alpha), a signal transducer and activator of transcription. This nonresponsiveness occurs because of a lack of expression of the beta- chain (accessory factor) of the IFN-gamma receptor, while at the same time maintaining IFN-gamma receptor alpha-chain expression. Expression of the beta-chain can be restored by secondary TCR ligation or PMA treatment. T cell blasts treated with PMA are now responsive to IFN-gamma. When freshly isolated, highly enriched (>98%) T cells are examined for IFN-gamma responsiveness; these cells can respond to IFN-gamma and express beta-chain. Therefore, as T cells progress from primary TCR activation through IL-2-dependent proliferation, followed by secondary TCR stimulation, their responsiveness to IFN-gamma varies, and this may affect their ability to participate in an ongoing immune response. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Sakatsume, M AU - Finbloom, D S AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Research and Evaluation, Division of Cytokine Biology, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1996/06/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jun 01 SP - 4160 EP - 4166 VL - 156 IS - 11 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Antigens, CD KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Interferon KW - Transcription Factors KW - gamma interferon activation factor KW - interferon gamma receptor KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Protein Conformation KW - T-Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Antigens, CD -- chemistry KW - Receptors, Interferon -- genetics KW - Interferon-gamma -- pharmacology KW - Antigens, CD -- genetics KW - Antigens, CD -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Receptors, Interferon -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Interferon -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78076109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+the+expression+of+the+IFN-gamma+receptor+beta-chain+controls+responsiveness+to+IFN-gamma+in+human+peripheral+blood+T+cells.&rft.au=Sakatsume%2C+M%3BFinbloom%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Sakatsume&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-08 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and confirmation of beta-agonists in bovine retina using LC/APCI-MS. AN - 78057266; 8686914 AB - Beta-adrenergic receptor agonists are growth-promoting drugs with the potential for illegal use in livestock, and human toxicity has resulted from consumption of contaminated meat. On-line liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS) was used for sensitive detection of several beta-agonists in retina, a tissue reported to concentrate and retain such residues for extended periods. Multiresidue extraction, separation, detection, and confirmation procedures were developed for retinal tissue and applied to eyes from cattle treated with clenbuterol (69-201 ppb) and to control eyes spiked with salbutamol (100 ppb) and terbutaline (25-100 ppb). Rapid switching of the potential difference between sampling cone and skimmer in the transport region of the API source was used to optimize acquisition of the protonated molecules and characteristic fragment ions obtained by collision-induced dissociation reactions. The respective selected ions were simultaneously acquired using a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. The accurate and precise agreement observed for diagnostic ion intensity ratios between beta-agonists in retinal samples and authentic standards suggests that LC/APCI-MS can be used for confirmation of analyte structure at trace levels and does not require the use of a triple-stage quadrupole mass analyzer. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Doerge, D R AU - Churchwell, M I AU - Holder, C L AU - Rowe, L AU - Bajic, S AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/06/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jun 01 SP - 1918 EP - 1923 VL - 68 IS - 11 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- analysis KW - Retina -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78057266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Detection+and+confirmation+of+beta-agonists+in+bovine+retina+using+LC%2FAPCI-MS.&rft.au=Doerge%2C+D+R%3BChurchwell%2C+M+I%3BHolder%2C+C+L%3BRowe%2C+L%3BBajic%2C+S&rft.aulast=Doerge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1918&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-21 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Linking Community Health Centers with Schools Serving Low-Income Children: An Idea Book. AN - 62587849; ED407106 AB - By working together, pooling resources and energy, both health centers and schools can do more to help children to be ready to learn and to reach their full potential as citizens. This book focuses on establishing links between schools serving low-income children and community or migrant health centers. The book is organized into three chapters corresponding to critical steps in the development of a school-linked program and contains advice, recommendations for further reading, and checklists. The first chapter guides readers from initial consideration of a school-linked program through the organization of a planning group. This chapter provides an overview of issues that sites should anticipate in the process of program design and implementation. The second chapter explores key issues to consider during the actual design and implementation of the program. This chapter is organized by key topics, including gathering data, organizing support, deciding which services to provide and where, determining a staff configuration, establishing a structure, financing the project, addressing confidentiality and consent issues, cultivating community involvement, and building in plans for self-assessment and evaluation. The third chapter examines issues that develop during ongoing operation and expansion of school-linked health initiatives and key issues which affect program stability and sustainability, especially long-term financial concerns. Four appendices contain a glossary of health and education terms, reference charts and sample forms used by an existing site, contact information, and profiles of the nine sites studied. (SD) Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - June 1996 SP - 178 PB - National Clearinghouse for Primary Care Information; phone: 800-400-2742 KW - Community Health Center Programs KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Health Programs KW - School Community Relationship KW - Outreach Programs KW - Low Income Groups KW - Migrant Programs KW - Integrated Services KW - Cooperative Programs KW - Low Income KW - Child Health KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Children KW - Health Promotion KW - School Health Services KW - School Community Programs KW - Health Needs KW - School Role KW - Economically Disadvantaged KW - Agency Cooperation KW - Community Health Services KW - Sick Child Care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62587849?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A poliovirus-susceptible transgenic mouse model as a possible replacement for the monkey neurovirulence test of oral poliovirus vaccine AN - 15824216; 4007637 AB - Two poliovirus-susceptible transgenic mouse (Tg PVR) strains, Tg1 and Tg21, were compared with the monkey test for their sensitivity to neurovirulence of live oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Intracerebral (i.c.) and intraspinal (i.s.) routes of inoculation were investigated to determine the most suitable combination of mouse strain and route. Evaluation of the mouse tests was performed using several indicators; clinical score and failure time were selected as the most efficient. Tg1 and Tg21 mice inoculated i.s. with type 2, and Tg21 mice inoculated i.s. with type 3 OPV were determined to be the most appropriate systems, whereas they are shown not to be suitable for type 1 OPV. The sensitivity of each of the two mouse models was at least equal to that of the monkey test, suggesting that these mouse systems might be considered as a potential replacement for the monkey test of OPV. However, more data are needed to establish regulatory criteria of acceptability for vaccine lots tested in Tg PVR mice. This is the first study conducted with Tg PVR mice with all three types of poliovirus vaccine preparations. JF - Biologicals AU - Dragunsky, E AU - Taffs, R AU - Chernokhvostova, Y AU - Nomura, T AU - Hioki, K AU - Gardner, D AU - Norwood, L AU - Levenbook, I AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 77 EP - 86 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 1045-1056, 1045-1056 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - poliovirus KW - transgenic mice KW - animal models KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33055:Genetic engineering (general) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15824216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biologicals&rft.atitle=A+poliovirus-susceptible+transgenic+mouse+model+as+a+possible+replacement+for+the+monkey+neurovirulence+test+of+oral+poliovirus+vaccine&rft.au=Dragunsky%2C+E%3BTaffs%2C+R%3BChernokhvostova%2C+Y%3BNomura%2C+T%3BHioki%2C+K%3BGardner%2C+D%3BNorwood%2C+L%3BLevenbook%2C+I&rft.aulast=Dragunsky&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biologicals&rft.issn=10451056&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; animal models; transgenic mice; poliovirus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synopsis of FDA research related to water quality AN - 15796149; 3988731 AB - FDA research involving water quality focuses primarily on issues involving molluscan bivalve shellfish and the National Shellfish Sanitation Program. The goal of this research is to enable the prevention of various health hazards sometimes associated with the consumption of raw shellfish, and to provide sound scientific data for regulatory and compliance decisions. Research involving traditional and alternative indicators of fecal contamination demonstrate the utility and significance of using an array of microbial indicators. This array variously includes total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, and male-specific bacteriophage. Studies have provided valuable information on shellfish depuration, wastewater disinfection, microbial survival, assessments of sanitation in marine environments, and shellfish-forne illness outbreaks. Other studies on densities of the naturally occurring, opportunistic pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus, show the importance of storage temperatures (and times) and elucidate the effects of applying various intervening measures. Water quality research related to shellfish toxins suggest that phytoplankton monitoring may provide reliable indications of impending toxic algal blooms. Several important issues related to molluscan shellfish remain unresolved. Future water quality research will need to address the development of new criteria for effective closure zones around point sources, re-opening criteria for offshore areas, and a more human-specific indicator of fecal contamination. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Watkins, W D AD - HFS-417, Office Seafood, U.S. FDA, 200 'C' St., S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1996/06// PY - 1996 DA - Jun 1996 SP - 524 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0077-5711, 0077-5711 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - water quality KW - aquaculture facilities KW - microbial contamination KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Brackish KW - hazard assessment KW - Bivalvia KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - shellfish fisheries KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - Escherichia coli KW - pollution effects KW - USA Coasts KW - shellfish culture KW - public health KW - Q1 08601:General KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15796149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=Synopsis+of+FDA+research+related+to+water+quality&rft.au=Watkins%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Watkins&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-06-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=524&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=00775711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenic bacteria; aquaculture facilities; water quality; shellfish fisheries; microbial contamination; hazard assessment; pollution effects; shellfish culture; public health; Bivalvia; Vibrio vulnificus; Clostridium perfringens; Escherichia coli; USA Coasts; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of chimeric UmuC proteins: identification of regions in Salmonella typhimurium UmuC important for mutagenic activity. AN - 78068306; 8668121 AB - Unlike Escherichia coli, the closely related bacterium Salmonella typhimurium is relatively unresponsive to the mutagenic effects of DNA-damaging agents. Previous experiments have suggested that these phenotypic differences might result from reduced activity of the S. typhimurium UmuC protein. To investigate this possibility, we have taken advantage of the high degree of homology between the UmuC proteins of E. coli and S. typhimurium and have constructed a series of plasmid-encoded chimeric proteins. The possibility that the phenotypic differences might be due to differential expression of the respective UmuC proteins was eliminated by constructing chimeric proteins that retained the first 25 N-terminal amino acids of either of the UmuC proteins (and presumably the same translational signals), but substituting the remaining 397 C-terminal amino acids with the corresponding segments from the reciprocal operon. Constructs expressing mostly E. coli UmuC were moderately proficient for mutagenesis whereas those expressing mostly S. typhimurium UmuC exhibited much lower frequencies of mutation, indicating that the activity of the UmuC protein of S. typhimurium is indeed curtailed. The regions responsible for this phenotype were more precisely localized by introducing smaller segments of the S. typhimurium UmuC protein into the UmuC protein of E. coli. While some regions could be interchanged with few or no phenotypic effects, substitution of residues 212-395 and 396-422 of E. coli UmuC with those from S. typhimurium resulted in reduced mutability, while substitution of residues 26-59 caused a dramatic loss of activity. We suggest, therefore, that the primary cause for the poor mutability of S. typhimurium can be attributed to mutations located within residues 26-59 of the S. typhimurium UmuC protein. JF - Molecular & general genetics : MGG AU - Koch, W H AU - Kopsidas, G AU - Meffle, B AU - Levine, A S AU - Woodgate, R AD - Molecular Biology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/05/23/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 May 23 SP - 121 EP - 129 VL - 251 IS - 2 SN - 0026-8925, 0026-8925 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - UmuC protein, E coli KW - 98059-80-4 KW - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase KW - EC 2.7.7.7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Binding Sites KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- physiology KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78068306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+%26+general+genetics+%3A+MGG&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+chimeric+UmuC+proteins%3A+identification+of+regions+in+Salmonella+typhimurium+UmuC+important+for+mutagenic+activity.&rft.au=Koch%2C+W+H%3BKopsidas%2C+G%3BMeffle%2C+B%3BLevine%2C+A+S%3BWoodgate%2C+R&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-05-23&rft.volume=251&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+%26+general+genetics+%3A+MGG&rft.issn=00268925&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - M35010; GENBANK; M57431 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The natural history of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in a tryptophan-exposed cohort in South Carolina. AN - 78035807; 8624177 AB - In a previous study, we did follow-up on 418 patients who were exposed to tryptophan in 1989, of whom 47 (11%) had definite and 63 (9%) possible eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS). We assessed mortality and clinical spectrum of illness since 1989 for 242 (58%) of the 418 tryptophan-exposed patients from the original study. To assess outcomes, we used hospital and death records, interviewer-administered questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. During the follow-up interval, mortality from all causes was 19% in those with definite EMS, 7% in possible EMS, and 3% in those who were not ill. The age- and sex-adjusted mortality in those with definite EMS was more than 3 times that of the general population or of tryptophan users in the practice who were not ill. Six deaths (66%) among the definite EMS case patients occurred during the 18 months immediately after symptom onset. Compared with the tryptophan users who were not ill, survivors with definite EMS continued to report excess morbidity for 6 major EMS symptoms (myalgia, arthralgia, weakness, rash, alopecia, and sclerodermiform skin changes), but they also reported that the symptom number and severity diminished with time. None of the tryptophan users who were not ill in 1989 developed a symptom complex suggesting new EMS during the follow-up interval. This study assessing a tryptophan-exposed population found those persons who developed EMS during the 1989 epidemic were at increased risk for death, particularly early after disease onset. Survivors reported improvement or resolution of major symptoms, suggesting that the severity of EMS diminishes with time. We found no evidence of delayed onset of EMS in tryptophan users who were not ill in 1989, regardless of the brand used. JF - Archives of internal medicine AU - Sullivan, E A AU - Kamb, M L AU - Jones, J L AU - Meyer, P AU - Philen, R M AU - Falk, H AU - Sinks, T AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Ga, USA. Y1 - 1996/05/13/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 May 13 SP - 973 EP - 979 VL - 156 IS - 9 SN - 0003-9926, 0003-9926 KW - Tryptophan KW - 8DUH1N11BX KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Tryptophan -- adverse effects KW - Drug Contamination KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Male KW - Female KW - Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome -- pathology KW - Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome -- chemically induced KW - Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78035807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=The+natural+history+of+eosinophilia-myalgia+syndrome+in+a+tryptophan-exposed+cohort+in+South+Carolina.&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+E+A%3BKamb%2C+M+L%3BJones%2C+J+L%3BMeyer%2C+P%3BPhilen%2C+R+M%3BFalk%2C+H%3BSinks%2C+T&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-05-13&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=973&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=00039926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-19 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of prevention. AN - 78339428; 8816120 JF - Substance use & misuse AU - Johnson, E M AD - Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 767 EP - 770 VL - 31 IS - 6 SN - 1082-6084, 1082-6084 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- prevention & control KW - Workplace KW - Adolescent KW - Violence KW - Health Care Costs KW - Primary Prevention KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78339428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Substance+use+%26+misuse&rft.atitle=The+role+of+prevention.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Substance+use+%26+misuse&rft.issn=10826084&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-17 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of age and caloric restriction on cell proliferation in hepatocyte cultures from control and hepatectomized Fischer 344 rats. AN - 78208032; 8671749 AB - The effects of age and caloric restriction on cell proliferation, measured as scheduled DNA synthesis (SDS), were evaluated in primary hepatocyte cultures from control and partially hepatectomized (PH) young to old ad libitum (AL) and caloric-restricted (CR) male Fischer 344 (F344) rats. We reported significant age- or CR-related decreases in SDS in control cultures. PH-induced cultures exhibited significant increases in SDS compared with their control counterparts. Hepatocytes from PH-induced old CR diet-fed animals exhibited significant increases in SDS compared with cultures from control old CR, PH-induced young CR and PH-induced old AL animals. Alternatively, SDS rates for PH-induced young CR animals were significantly lower at 48 h and higher at 72 h than the rates we reported for cultures from PH-induced young AL F344 rats. These data suggest that CR decreases and preserves the proliferative capacity in hepatocytes from young animals and may permit animals to respond more efficiently with induced compensatory cellular replication in old age. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Chou, M W AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 281 EP - 284 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Age Factors KW - Cells, Cultured KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - Male KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Hepatectomy KW - Cell Division -- physiology KW - Energy Intake UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78208032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Effects+of+age+and+caloric+restriction+on+cell+proliferation+in+hepatocyte+cultures+from+control+and+hepatectomized+Fischer+344+rats.&rft.au=Shaddock%2C+J+G%3BChou%2C+M+W%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Shaddock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Counseling+Psychologist&rft.issn=00110000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-07 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of benzoylecgonine in dried blood spots by liquid chromatography--atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. AN - 78206816; 8735199 AB - Residual samples from blood spots (i.e., whole blood spotted onto filter paper) are a useful source for epidemiological screening studies involving newborns. However, the small volume of blood available from residual blood spots complicates the assay. A method for analyzing benzoylecgonine (BZE; the primary metabolite of cocaine) in blood spots, in which the blood spot is eluted with aqueous ammonium acetate-methanol containing N-methyl trideuterated-BZE as an internal standard, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry using multiple reaction monitoring, has been developed. This approach provides a rapid, direct, sensitive (limit of detection, approximately 2 ng/mL, based on a 12-microL sample size), and highly specific means of determining BZE concentrations in blood spots. We have applied this method for confirmatory analyses in a large epidemiological study of the prevalence of cocaine use during late pregnancy. JF - Journal of analytical toxicology AU - Sosnoff, C S AU - Ann, Q AU - Bernert, J T AU - Powell, M K AU - Miller, B B AU - Henderson, L O AU - Hannon, W H AU - Fernhoff, P AU - Sampson, E J AD - Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 179 EP - 184 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0146-4760, 0146-4760 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - benzoylecgonine KW - 5353I8I6YS KW - Deuterium KW - AR09D82C7G KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - ammonium acetate KW - RRE756S6Q2 KW - Methanol KW - Y4S76JWI15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Fetal Blood -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Calibration KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Isotope Labeling KW - Pregnancy Complications -- epidemiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- blood KW - Acetates -- chemistry KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Pregnancy Complications -- blood KW - Methanol -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Cocaine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Cocaine -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78206816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+benzoylecgonine+in+dried+blood+spots+by+liquid+chromatography--atmospheric+pressure+chemical+ionization+tandem+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Sosnoff%2C+C+S%3BAnn%2C+Q%3BBernert%2C+J+T%3BPowell%2C+M+K%3BMiller%2C+B+B%3BHenderson%2C+L+O%3BHannon%2C+W+H%3BFernhoff%2C+P%3BSampson%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Sosnoff&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.issn=01464760&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-23 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of micronuclei in cultured mammalian cells by fume condensates of roofing asphalt. AN - 78191270; 8732931 AB - A considerable number of workers in the United States are employed in asphalt industries and are potentially exposed to asphalt fumes. The information regarding the potential carcinogenic hazards of such fumes to exposed workers is still limited. Studies have been conducted to determine the cytogenetic effects of roofing asphalt fume using cultured mammalian cells. Exponentially growing Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells) were exposed to different concentrations of condensates of type I and type III roofing asphalt fumes, generated at temperatures similar to actual roofing operation (316 +/- 10 degrees C). The frequencies of micronucleated cells in the treated and control cultures were determined. Additionally, immunofluorescent staining of kinetochore with human anti-kinetochore primary antibody and flouresceinated goat anti-human IgG was used to investigate the potential mechanism of micronucleus formation. The results show that both types of roofing asphalt fume condensates caused a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells, and that 70% of micronucleated cells induced by asphalt fume condensates carried kinetochore-positive micronuclei. These findings indicate that both type I and type III roofing asphalt fumes are capable of causing principally cytogenetic damage by spindle apparatus alterations in cultured mammalian cells. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Qian, H W AU - Ong, T AU - Whong, W Z AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, ALOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 554 EP - 559 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Cricetulus KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Cell Line KW - Fibroblasts KW - Cricetinae KW - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective -- drug effects KW - Coal -- adverse effects KW - Construction Materials -- adverse effects KW - Lung -- cytology KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Hydrocarbons -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78191270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Induction+of+micronuclei+in+cultured+mammalian+cells+by+fume+condensates+of+roofing+asphalt.&rft.au=Qian%2C+H+W%3BOng%2C+T%3BWhong%2C+W+Z&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=554&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of occupational lung carcinogens. AN - 78189587; 8732921 AB - Lung cancer is the most common malignancy in the United States and is ranked second only to bladder cancer in the proportion of cases thought to be due to occupational exposures. We review the epidemiology of occupational lung cancer, focusing on agents identified as pulmonary carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We derive estimates of overall relative risks from the major studies of these lung carcinogens, and we also provide estimates of the number of exposed workers. Using our data as well as estimates from other authors, we estimate that approximately 9,000-10,000 men and 900-1,900 women develop lung cancer annually in the United States due to past exposure to occupational carcinogens. More than half of these lung cancers are due to asbestos. This estimate is likely conservative, in that we have restricted our analysis to confirmed lung carcinogens and have ignored occupations with documented excess risk but for which the specific agents are unknown. Also, our estimate of the proportion of workers exposed in the past is probably too low. Our estimate should be viewed only as broad approximation. Nevertheless, it is in line with other estimates by authors using different methods. The current number of cases estimated to be due to occupational exposure reflects past high exposures and is likely to drop in the future, unless other occupational lung carcinogens are confirmed or new carcinogens are introduced into the workplace. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Steenland, K AU - Loomis, D AU - Shy, C AU - Simonsen, N AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 474 EP - 490 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Acrylonitrile KW - MP1U0D42PE KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Beryllium KW - OW5102UV6N KW - Radon KW - Q74S4N8N1G KW - Index Medicus KW - Arsenic -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Acrylonitrile -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Radon -- adverse effects KW - Vehicle Emissions -- adverse effects KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - Risk Assessment KW - Cadmium -- adverse effects KW - Asbestos -- adverse effects KW - Beryllium -- adverse effects KW - Nickel -- adverse effects KW - Mining KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Chromium -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78189587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Review+of+occupational+lung+carcinogens.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BLoomis%2C+D%3BShy%2C+C%3BSimonsen%2C+N&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tradeswomen's perspectives on occupational health and safety: a qualitative investigation. AN - 78187736; 8732926 AB - Qualitative research methods were used to determine the health and safety concerns of women employed in the construction trades. Major categories of concern were identified, including: 1) exposure to chemical and physical agents; 2) injuries from lifting/bending/ twisting, falling, and lacerations; 3) lack of proper education and training; and 4) the health and safety risks related specifically to tradeswomen. Many of the issues identified by the workers are amenable to change through either engineering, behavioral, or administrative interventions. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Goldenhar, L M AU - Sweeney, M H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 516 EP - 520 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Women's Health KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Workplace KW - Accidents, Occupational KW - Female KW - Occupational Health KW - Construction Materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78187736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Tradeswomen%27s+perspectives+on+occupational+health+and+safety%3A+a+qualitative+investigation.&rft.au=Goldenhar%2C+L+M%3BSweeney%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Goldenhar&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Operationalizing theoretical constructs in bloodborne pathogens training curriculum. AN - 78160792; 8744875 AB - This article describes how the protection motivation theory (PMT) was used to inform the production of video curriculum for a bloodborne pathogens training program for hospital nurses. Although hospital nurses are well acquainted with the work practices designed to prevent bloodborne pathogen exposures (universal precautions), there is evidence that they do not always follow them. First, the original PMT is adapted to reflect what is currently known about the role of affect in health behavior prediction. Second, the authors show how the four PMT message constructs-probability of occurrence, magnitude of noxiousness, response efficacy, and self-efficacy-guided the planning, shooting, and editing of the videotapes. Incidental to this process was the operationalization of these message constructs in such a way that affective reactions would result. The results show that this video curriculum successfully aroused negative affect in the target audience. Only by carefully planning and documenting how message constructs are operationalized in health education materials can one be sure of achieving theory-based (and thus the most replicable) message design. JF - Health education quarterly AU - Sinclair, R C AU - Gershon, R R AU - Murphy, L R AU - Goldenhar, L M AD - Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. rcs1@niosdt1.em.cdc.gov Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 238 EP - 255 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0195-8402, 0195-8402 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Hospitals, Community KW - District of Columbia KW - Humans KW - Curriculum KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Audiovisual Aids KW - Universal Precautions KW - Safety Management KW - Nursing Staff, Hospital -- education KW - Inservice Training KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- prevention & control KW - Health Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78160792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+education+quarterly&rft.atitle=Operationalizing+theoretical+constructs+in+bloodborne+pathogens+training+curriculum.&rft.au=Sinclair%2C+R+C%3BGershon%2C+R+R%3BMurphy%2C+L+R%3BGoldenhar%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=238&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+education+quarterly&rft.issn=01958402&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in human serum by combined micelle-mediated extraction (cloud-point extraction) and HPLC. AN - 78070250; 8815746 AB - Quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) usually requires preconcentration and cleanup prior to analysis. These procedures often involve using large amounts of toxic organic solvents. The sample preparation from serum is even more complex because of the coextraction of lipids and other nonpolar serum components. We describe the unprecedented use of cloud-point extraction to preconcentrate, extract, and clean up PAHs and PCDDs from human serum using the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The phase separation was induced by the addition of salt to the micellar serum solutions. The surfactant-rich phase was treated with acetonitrile and water to precipitate and remove some of the unwanted substances in the serum sample extract without significantly affecting the recoveries of the analytes. The favorable characteristics of cloud-point extraction discussed here strengthen its potential use as an alternative to other techniques of separation. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Sirimanne, S R AU - Barr, J R AU - Patterson, D G AU - Ma, L AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. Y1 - 1996/05/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 May 01 SP - 1556 EP - 1560 VL - 68 IS - 9 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Micelles KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Sodium Chloride KW - 451W47IQ8X KW - Octoxynol KW - 9002-93-1 KW - dibenzo(1,4)dioxin KW - O1B5KJ235I KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- blood KW - Dioxins -- blood KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78070250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+and+polychlorinated+dibenzo-p-dioxins+in+human+serum+by+combined+micelle-mediated+extraction+%28cloud-point+extraction%29+and+HPLC.&rft.au=Sirimanne%2C+S+R%3BBarr%2C+J+R%3BPatterson%2C+D+G%3BMa%2C+L&rft.aulast=Sirimanne&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-10 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emergence of rapid methods for identifying microbial pathogens in foods. AN - 78062774; 8634549 AB - Because of the complexities of food analysis, conventional microbiological methods must use time-consuming enrichment steps for culturing viable bacterial cells in foods. With rapid advancements in technology, however, numerous so-called rapid methods were introduced into the field of food microbiology in a relatively short time. Culture methods that were once used to obtain profiles for bacterial identification were simplified or automated. Many microbiological procedures were also streamlined or automated to reduce assay time, labor, and materials. Nucleic acid-based assays are used to identify gene sequences in foodborne bacteria, and antibody-based assays are used in numerous formats to detect bacterial pathogens and toxins in foods. The difficulties of analyzing food, however, remain challenging, and rapid methods need to be evaluated thoroughly before they are used for routine food analysis. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Feng, P AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 809 EP - 812 VL - 79 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Microbiological Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78062774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Emergence+of+rapid+methods+for+identifying+microbial+pathogens+in+foods.&rft.au=Feng%2C+P&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reliability of the determinations of polychlorinated contaminants (biphenyls, dioxins, furans). AN - 78050170; 8634528 AB - Precision performance parameters from results of 34 interlaboratory performance studies of polychlorinated aromatic ring compounds (biphenyls, dioxins, and furans) (PCCs) have been recalculated by using the international Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry-1987 harmonized protocol. Most studies of 1052 test samples, 56 analytes, 19 matrixes, and 2 types of detectors (electron capture and mass spectrometers) provide among-laboratories relative standard deviations (RSDRS), that are considerably better than those predicted from the Horwitz equation at fractional concentrations of 10(-5) down to 10(-15). The explanation suggested is that supplying common reference calibration solutions, as was done in many of these studies, does not reflect realistic operating conditions. Furthermore, the ability to repeat, discuss, and reassess aberrant reported values results in underestimating the true RSDR. The commonly reported problems of preparation of standard calibrating solutions, instability of the detection system, and failure to follow quality control instructions and good laboratory practices may be important sources of interlaboratory variability in PCC determinations. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Horwitz, W AU - Albert, R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 589 EP - 621 VL - 79 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Calibration KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analysis KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Benzofurans -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78050170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Reliability+of+the+determinations+of+polychlorinated+contaminants+%28biphenyls%2C+dioxins%2C+furans%29.&rft.au=Horwitz%2C+W%3BAlbert%2C+R&rft.aulast=Horwitz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The prevalence of selected risk factors for chronic disease among American Indians in Washington State. AN - 78035892; 8643820 AB - Despite great improvements in recent decades, the health status of American Indians continues to lag behind that of other Americans. Continued health improvement will depend largely on changes in individual behavior. Until recently, however, few data existed on health risk behaviors among American Indians. We conducted personal interviews among the adult population of an Indian Health Service Unit in Washington State to estimate the prevalence of some health risk behaviors. This analysis focuses on three of the many topics covered in the survey: tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and weight. Cigarette smoking was more prevalent among both men and women than it was in the general population in the same area with 43% of men and 54% of women among the American Indians interviewed reported that they currently smoked. However, they tended to smoke much less heavily than smokers in the general population. Smokeless tobacco use was concentrated among young men, with the overall prevalence similar to that found in the general population. Acute heavy drinking was found to be common with 40% of men and 33% of women reporting this behavior for the previous month. The prevalence of substantial overweight was 45% among men and 43% among women, considerably higher than in the general population. Tribal leaders and the Indian Health Service are using the findings to design disease prevention and health promotion activities. In addition to providing valuable information about the surveyed populations, the survey served as a pilot for similar studies of other American Indian groups. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Kimball, E H AU - Goldberg, H I AU - Oberle, M W AD - Division of Research, Evaluation, and Epidemiology, Indian Health Service, Seattle, WA, USA. ekimball@ro.hcfa.gov PY - 1996 SP - 264 EP - 271 VL - 111 IS - 3 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Educational Status KW - Humans KW - Chronic Disease -- epidemiology KW - Tobacco, Smokeless KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Health Surveys KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Indians, North American KW - Health Behavior KW - Obesity -- epidemiology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78035892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=The+prevalence+of+selected+risk+factors+for+chronic+disease+among+American+Indians+in+Washington+State.&rft.au=Kimball%2C+E+H%3BGoldberg%2C+H+I%3BOberle%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Kimball&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-17 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Public Health Rep. 1987 Jul-Aug;102(4):356-60 [3112843] Public Health Rep. 1987 Jul-Aug;102(4):361-8 [3112844] Am J Prev Med. 1985 Nov-Dec;1(6):1-8 [3870922] Public Health Rep. 1992 Jul-Aug;107(4):449-56 [1641442] Am J Public Health. 1988 Dec;78(12):1586-8 [3189641] Am J Prev Med. 1991 May-Jun;7(3):155-60 [1931144] JAMA. 1988 Sep 16;260(11):1581-5 [3411738] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Corrections to the target and critical values for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health validation tests. AN - 78029727; 8638515 AB - In 1974 the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration joined to complete exposure standards promulgated by federal regulations. In that effort NIOSH scientists developed an accuracy criterion (AC) and a statistical protocol for evaluating its fulfillment. That AC and those procedures have been widely used ever since. This article presents corrections to the target and critical coefficients of variation published as part of the statistical protocol. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Fischbach, T AU - Kennedy, E AU - Shulman, S AU - Busch, K AU - Eller, P AU - Song, R AU - Doemeny, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 452 EP - 455 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Reference Values KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78029727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Corrections+to+the+target+and+critical+values+for+the+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health+validation+tests.&rft.au=Fischbach%2C+T%3BKennedy%2C+E%3BShulman%2C+S%3BBusch%2C+K%3BEller%2C+P%3BSong%2C+R%3BDoemeny%2C+L&rft.aulast=Fischbach&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-10 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some statistical procedures for analytical method accuracy tests and estimation. AN - 78020533; 8638514 AB - In 1974 the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration joined to complete exposure standards promulgated by federal regulations. In that effort NIOSH scientists developed an accuracy criterion (AC) and a statistical protocol for evaluating fulfillment of that AC by an analytical method. This article extends that foundation and proposes a new approach to accuracy analyses. It concentrates on the case of known bias, but attempts to bridge the procedures from that case to one in which the bias is estimated. The article emphasizes a general and flexible approach to the design and analysis of more informative and effective method accuracy studies. These empower the user/investigator to design and analyze studies to be most useful and informative for specific requirements. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Fischbach, T AU - Song, R AU - Shulman, S AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 440 EP - 451 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Sample Size KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Models, Statistical KW - Environmental Monitoring -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78020533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Some+statistical+procedures+for+analytical+method+accuracy+tests+and+estimation.&rft.au=Fischbach%2C+T%3BSong%2C+R%3BShulman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Fischbach&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-10 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coal mine dust exposure and spirometry in experienced miners. AN - 78019992; 8630602 AB - In a previous study of new miners from the National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (NSCWP), researchers examined changes in spirometry values associated with coal mine dust exposure (Br J Ind Med 1993; 50:929-937). An unusual pattern of dust-related effects was observed: initial sharp decrements in FVC and FEV1 were followed by partial recovery. In the current study, similar methods were used to analyze data from experienced miners. Each of 1,915 male subjects contributed data from two of the NSCWP field surveys: either Round 1 (1969-71) and Round 2 (1972-75) and Round 4 (1985-88). From the cross-sectional analysis at Round 1 or Round 2 (R1/R2), changes of +0.6 ml FVC and -0.5 ml FEV1 were associated with each mg/m3-yr of cumulative coal mine dust exposure, but were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). From the analysis of longitudinal change in spirometry from R1/R2 to Round 4 (R4), annual declines in FVC (-0.10 ml/yr per mg/m3-yr, p = 0.003) and FEV1 (-0.07 ml/yr per mg/m3-yr, p = 0.006) were associated with pre-R1/R2 exposure. Both the pattern and the magnitude of the exposure-response relationship were different for experienced versus new miners. Possible reasons for these contrasts include differences in cumulative exposure between the two groups and the healthy worker effect among experienced miners. JF - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Attfield, M D AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 1560 EP - 1566 VL - 153 IS - 5 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Smoking -- physiopathology KW - Healthy Worker Effect KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Vital Capacity KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Middle Aged KW - Pneumoconiosis -- physiopathology KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Forced Expiratory Volume KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Spirometry KW - Coal Mining KW - Dust -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78019992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.atitle=Coal+mine+dust+exposure+and+spirometry+in+experienced+miners.&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+P+K%3BAttfield%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reporting vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis: concordance between the CDC and the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. AN - 78017983; 8629730 AB - This paper compares cases of paralytic poliomyelitis reported to the systems operated by the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for reporting of adverse events associated with vaccination. Of the 118 cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis determined by either system, 18 were reported initially only to the compensation program, 50 only to the CDC, and 50 to both. The annual incidence of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis determined from data from both systems varied from 6 to 13 cases (mean = 9.1) a year, with an increase of 1.4 cases a year when initial reports only to the compensation program are included. Thus, the compensation program provides important supplemental incidence data. JF - American journal of public health AU - Weibel, R E AU - Benor, D E AD - National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Md 20857, USA. Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 734 EP - 737 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Medical Records KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Population Surveillance KW - Paralysis -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Paralysis -- chemically induced KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Poliomyelitis -- chemically induced KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Poliomyelitis -- epidemiology KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78017983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Reporting+vaccine-associated+paralytic+poliomyelitis%3A+concordance+between+the+CDC+and+the+National+Vaccine+Injury+Compensation+Program.&rft.au=Weibel%2C+R+E%3BBenor%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Weibel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=734&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Feb;14(2):568-79 [1554844] JAMA. 1987 Mar 13;257(10):1335-40 [3029445] Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994 May;148(5):479-85 [8180638] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reference Range Data for Assessing Exposure To Selected Environmental Toxicants AN - 760215137; 13641665 AB - We analyzed blood and urine specimens from 32 charter boat captains, anglers, and spouses from both groups, who reportedly ate fish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, or Erie, for selected environmental toxicants. The toxicants measured in serum were polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls, other polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and persistent pesticides. Nonpersistent pesticides and elements were measured in urine; and elements were measured in blood. Internal dose levels of these toxicants will be compared to reference range data that we have compiled. These reference range data will be used to ascertain the exposure status of individuals or groups within this study. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Needham, L L AU - Patterson, D G AU - Burse, V W AU - Paschal, D C AU - Turner, W E AU - Hill, R H AD - Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences National Center for Environmental Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention U.S. Department of Health and Human Services U.S. Public Health Service Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 507 EP - 513 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 12 IS - 3-4 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - 3. Keywords: biologic specimens KW - dioxins KW - fisheaters KW - metals KW - pesticides KW - reference ranges. KW - Data processing KW - Toxicants KW - boats KW - Polychlorinated dibenzofurans KW - Blood KW - USA, Michigan L. KW - Boats KW - Lakes KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Urine KW - Pesticides KW - PCDF KW - Dibenzo-p-dioxin KW - Fish KW - PCB compounds KW - PCDD KW - PCB KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760215137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Reference+Range+Data+for+Assessing+Exposure+To+Selected+Environmental+Toxicants&rft.au=Needham%2C+L+L%3BPatterson%2C+D+G%3BBurse%2C+V+W%3BPaschal%2C+D+C%3BTurner%2C+W+E%3BHill%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379601200322 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood; Lakes; Boats; polychlorinated biphenyls; Data processing; Toxicants; Urine; Pesticides; Dibenzo-p-dioxin; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans; PCB; boats; PCDF; Fish; PCB compounds; PCDD; USA, Michigan L. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379601200322 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Great Lakes: a Historical Overview AN - 760214945; 13641646 AB - The Great Lakes are collectively the largest inland body of freshwater on this planet. For more than two hundred years, the Great Lakes basin has been used as a resource for industry, agriculture, shipping, and recreation. The physical characteristics of the basin and the long retention time of chemicals in the lakes combine to make this huge freshwater resource a repository for chemical by-products of these activities. Many of the more than one thousand chemicals detected in the waters, sediment, or biota of the Great Lakes have known toxic effects. This overview will identify the 11 most persistent toxic chemicals known as critical Great Lakes pollutants. It also will describe some of the adverse health effects that have been observed in fish and other wildlife because of exposure to these pollutants. Finally. it will discuss some of the early human health studies that 1) have demonstrated a correlation between increased body burdens and fish consumption, and 2) suggest an association between consumption of contaminated Great Lakes fish and adverse human health effects. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Hicks, Heraline E AD - Division of Toxicology Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Public Health Service U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 303 EP - 313 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 12 IS - 3-4 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - 2. Abbreviations: ATSDR KW - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry KW - DDE KW - dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene KW - DDT KW - dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane KW - GLEMEDS KW - Great Lakes Embryo Mortality Edema and Deformities Syndrome KW - IJC KW - International Joint Commission KW - PCB KW - polychlorinated biphenyl KW - PAH KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. KW - Chemicals KW - Agriculture KW - Physical characteristics KW - Freshwater environments KW - Byproducts KW - Wildlife KW - Basins KW - Toxicity KW - Sediments KW - Biota KW - Lakes KW - Recreation KW - North America, Great Lakes Basin KW - Pollutants KW - lake basins KW - Reviews KW - North America, Great Lakes KW - Fish KW - Seafood KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760214945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=The+Great+Lakes%3A+a+Historical+Overview&rft.au=Hicks%2C+Heraline+E&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Heraline&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379601200303 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Physical characteristics; Lakes; Recreation; Pollutants; Freshwater environments; Reviews; Wildlife; Basins; Sediments; Chemicals; Biota; lake basins; Byproducts; Fish; Toxicity; Seafood; North America, Great Lakes Basin; North America, Great Lakes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379601200303 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selected Analytical Methods Used At the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for Measuring Environmental Pollutants in Serum AN - 760153014; 13641663 AB - Blood serum is one of the more viable matrices used in assessing exposure to persistent environmental contaminants or their metabolites, especially those that are lipophilic. Analytic methods currently in use for this matrix usually involve liquid/liquid extraction followed by adsorption chromatography as a cleanup step, and low- or high-resolution gas chromatography with either electron-capture or mass spectrometric detection. The traditional analytic methods are labor intensive, have low sample throughput, and use excessive amounts of solvents and reagents. Two analytic approaches that address the requirements of modern laboratories more effectively are: 1) solid-phase extraction (SPE), used to analyze serum for several classes of compounds of environmental concern (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], persistent pesticides, dioxins, furans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls [CPCBs]), and 2) fast chromatography with a two-dimensional gas chromatographic system, which can be used in the determinative step for these types of analytes. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Burse, Virlyn W AU - Patterson, Donald G AU - Brock, John W AU - Needham, Larry L AD - Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences National Center for Environmental Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 481 EP - 498 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 12 IS - 3-4 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - 3. Key Words: blood serum KW - environmental pollutants KW - solid-phase extraction KW - two-dimensional chromatography. KW - Chromatography KW - Disease control KW - Solvents KW - Metabolites KW - Furans KW - Dioxins KW - Lipophilic KW - Blood KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Pollutants KW - Gas chromatography KW - Pesticides KW - prevention KW - Adsorption KW - Contaminants KW - PCB compounds KW - Dioxin KW - PCB KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760153014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Selected+Analytical+Methods+Used+At+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+for+Measuring+Environmental+Pollutants+in+Serum&rft.au=Burse%2C+Virlyn+W%3BPatterson%2C+Donald+G%3BBrock%2C+John+W%3BNeedham%2C+Larry+L&rft.aulast=Burse&rft.aufirst=Virlyn&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379601200320 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solvents; Disease control; Metabolites; Furans; Lipophilic; Blood; polychlorinated biphenyls; Pollutants; Gas chromatography; Pesticides; Adsorption; Contaminants; PCB; Dioxin; Chromatography; prevention; PCB compounds; Dioxins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379601200320 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory Issues of Importance to Developing Anti-HIV Therapeutics AN - 755138885; 13645714 AB - In the United States, before clinical trials with new drugs can proceed, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application must be submitted to the Food and Drug Administration. Applications for drugs intended for the treatment of HIV-related diseases are reviewed by the Division of Anti-Viral Drug Products (DAVDP) within the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. IND applications must contain adequate preclinical studies to support the safety of the proposed clinical trials. Essential for demonstrating safety are animal toxicology studies in which the drug has been administered in doses, by the route(s) of administration, and over a length of time equivalent to the corresponding parameters proposed for clinical trials. Reproductive toxicology/teratology studies should be conducted early in the development of the drug. Other nonclinical toxicology studies, such as carcinogenicity bioassays, are usually conducted concurrently with clinical trials. The DAVDP has developed a Pre-IND program to assist sponsors in preparing the best preclinical research to support the development of new drugs. JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Hastings, Kenneth L AD - Division of Antiviral Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857 Y1 - 1996/05// PY - 1996 DA - May 1996 SP - 278 EP - 280 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Antiviral agents KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Reviews KW - Teratology KW - Drug development KW - Clinical trials KW - V 22360:AIDS and HIV KW - X 24300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755138885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Regulatory+Issues+of+Importance+to+Developing+Anti-HIV+Therapeutics&rft.au=Hastings%2C+Kenneth+L&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339602400303 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antiviral agents; Carcinogenicity; Reviews; Teratology; Drug development; Clinical trials; Human immunodeficiency virus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339602400303 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION RELOCATION, NEW YORK, KINGS AND QUEENS COUNTIES, NEW YORK. AN - 36397254; 5832 AB - PURPOSE: The relocation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) district office and regional laboratory in Brooklyn, New York, is proposed. The facility, the largest FDA facility outside the District of Columbia area, is located on the seventh and eighth floors of Building #2 within the Federal Complex in the Sunset Park section of Brooklyn. The building is in a severely deteriorated condition, with spalling concrete posing a hazard to passing pedestrians. In addition, the entire building exterior is weathered and stained, with large areas of spalling around concrete columns, spandrel panels and window sills. Rehabilitation is estimated to cost in excess on $50.0 million. Three alternatives, including a No-Build Alternative, are considered in this final EIS. The proposed action would involve constructing a new facility at the intersection of 158th Street and Liberty Avenue in the Jamaica section of Queens, New York. The site is presently occupied by a surface parking lot. The building would be constructed and owned by a private developer, and the federal government would enter into a 20-year lease of the facility for the FDA. The FDA would require 280,000 square feet of office, storage, and ancillary space; 50 secure parking spaces; and 200 additional parking spaces. The facility would house the office of the regional FDA director, the New York district office, and the New York regional laboratory. The relocation would require amendments to the New York City zoning map and the York College Urban Renewal Plan in order to permit laboratory use in the area. An alternative involving the renovation of the existing facility is also under consideration. Estimated construction costs of the proposed action are $74.6 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed action would improve and expand the space for the operation of FDA regional office in New York, removing federal workers from unsafe working conditions. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: During construction, the project could adversely affect, in the short term, traffic flow, air quality, and ambient noise levels. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 96-0080D, Volume 20, Number 1. JF - EPA number: 960208, Volume 1--417 pages, Volume 2--203 pages, May 1, 1996 PY - 1996 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Buildings KW - Employment KW - Noise KW - Parking KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Traffic Analyses KW - New York UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36397254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+RELOCATION%2C+NEW+YORK%2C+KINGS+AND+QUEENS+COUNTIES%2C+NEW+YORK.&rft.title=FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+RELOCATION%2C+NEW+YORK%2C+KINGS+AND+QUEENS+COUNTIES%2C+NEW+YORK.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - General Services Administration, New York, New York; GSA N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: May 1, 1996 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of DNA repair deficiency in workers exposed to benzene. AN - 36344139; 201002-31-0247403 (CE); 11701747 (EN) AB - We hypothesize that chronic exposure to environmental toxicants can induce genetic damage causing DNA repair deficiencies and leading to the postulated mutator phenotype of carcinogenesis. To test our hypothesis, a host cell reactivation (HCR) assay was used in which pCMVcat plasmids were damaged with UV light (175, 350 J/m2 UV light), inactivating the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene, and then transfected into lymphocytes. Transfected lymphocytes were therefore challenged to repair the damaged plasmids, reactivating the reporter gene. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and Gaucher cell lines were used as positive and negative controls for the HCR assay. The Gaucher cell line repaired normally but XP cell lines demonstrated lower repair activity. Additionally, the repair activity of the XP heterozygous cell line showed intermediate repair compared to the homozygous XP and Gaucher cells. We used HCR to measure the effects of benzene exposure on 12 exposed and 8 nonexposed workers from a local benzene plant. Plasmids 175 J/m2 and 350 J/m2 were repaired with a mean frequency of 66% and 58%, respectively, in control workers compared to 71% and 62% in exposed workers. Conversely, more of the exposed workers were grouped into the reduced repair category than controls. These differences in repair capacity between exposed and control workers were, however, not statistically significant. The lack of significant differences between the exposed and control groups may be due to extremely low exposure to benzene (& 0.3 ppm), small population size, or a lack of benzene genotoxicity at these concentrations. These results are consistent with a parallel hprt gene mutation assay. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hallberg, L M AU - el Zein, R AU - Grossman, L AU - Au, W W AD - Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-1110, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 529 EP - 534 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Repair KW - Exposure KW - Benzene KW - Control equipment KW - Genes KW - Damage KW - Assaying KW - Lymphocytes KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36344139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+DNA+repair+deficiency+in+workers+exposed+to+benzene.&rft.au=Hallberg%2C+L+M%3Bel+Zein%2C+R%3BGrossman%2C+L%3BAu%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Hallberg&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Former poison gas workers and cancer: incidence and inhibition of tumor formation by treatment with biological response modifier N-CWS. AN - 36344029; 201002-31-0247405 (CE); 11701749 (EN) AB - Mustard gas is known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on animal and human cells. In this report, 1,632 male Japanese who worked in poison gas factories at some time between the years 1927 and 1945 were studied to determine comparative risk for development of cancer, the reference population being data on Japanese males overall. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lung cancer in workers directly and indirectly involved in the production of mustard gas was significantly elevated. In addition, SMR for lung cancer in worker who had worked for more than 5 years was also significantly elevated. Thus, poison gas workers who had engaged in the production of mustard gas or related work for more than 5 years are a high-risk group for lung cancer. Under the cancer preventive program, Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (N-CWS) was administered to 146 former poison gas workers. During a 4.5 year observation period, development of cancers was found in 7 treated workers and 17 untreated controls. After elimination of the influence of smoking level, a significant suppression of development of cancers was noted in the N-CWS-treated workers as compared to the untreated controls. Although the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in former poison gas workers remains unclear, our study proposes the possible effect of biological response modifiers in the prevention of cancer development in high-risk human subjects. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yamakido, M AU - Ishioka, S AU - Hiyama, K AU - Maeda, A AD - Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan. PY - 1996 SP - 485 EP - 488 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Poisons KW - Lungs KW - Mustard gas KW - Carcinogens KW - Biological KW - Elevated KW - Control equipment KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36344029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Former+poison+gas+workers+and+cancer%3A+incidence+and+inhibition+of+tumor+formation+by+treatment+with+biological+response+modifier+N-CWS.&rft.au=Yamakido%2C+M%3BIshioka%2C+S%3BHiyama%2C+K%3BMaeda%2C+A&rft.aulast=Yamakido&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distinction of mutagenic carcinogens from a mutagenic noncarcinogen in the big blue transgenic mouse. AN - 36335269; 201002-31-0247401 (CE); 11701745 (EN) AB - The aromatic amines 2,4-diaminotoluene (2,4-DAT) and 2,6-diaminotoluene (2,6-DAT) are structural isomers that have been extensively studied for their mutagenic and carcinogenic characteristics. Both compounds are rapidly absorbed after oral administration and are equally mutagenic in the Ames test; however, 2,4-DAT is a potent hepatocarcinogen, whereas 2,6-DAT does not produce an increased incidence of tumors in rats or mice at similar doses. The Big Blue transgenic B6C3F1 mouse carries multiple copies of the lacl mutational target gene. Our studies were designed to determine whether the Big Blue system could be used to detect differences in the vivo mutagenic activity between the carcinogen-noncarcinogen pair 2,4-DAT and 2,6-DAT and to determine whether the in vivo mutagenesis assay results correspond to the rodent carcinogen bioassay results. Male B6C3F1 transgenic mice were exposed to 2,4-DAT or 2,6-DAT at 0 or 1,000 ppm in the diet for 30 and 90 days or to dimethylnitrosamine as a positive control. Mutant frequencies were nearly identical for all three groups at 30 days, while at 90 days the mutant frequency for the hepatocarcinogen 2,4-DAT (12.1 +/- 1.4 x 10(-5)) was significantly higher (p & 0.01) as compared to both age-matched (spontaneous) controls (5.7 +/- 2.9 x 10(-5)) and the 2,6-DAT-exposed group (5.7 +/- 2.4 x 10(-5)). Results from this study demonstrate that the Big Blue transgenic mutation assay can distinguish differences in vivo between the mutagenic responses of hepatic carcinogens ad a noncarcinogen; is sensitive to mutagens through subchronic dietary exposure; and yields a differential response depending upon the length of time mice are exposed to a mutagen. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cunningham, M L AU - Hayward, J J AU - Shane, B S AU - Tindall, K R AD - Environmental Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 683 EP - 686 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Carcinogens KW - Transgenic KW - Mice KW - Mutagens KW - Surgical implants KW - Biomedical materials KW - In vivo tests KW - In vivo testing KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36335269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Distinction+of+mutagenic+carcinogens+from+a+mutagenic+noncarcinogen+in+the+big+blue+transgenic+mouse.&rft.au=Cunningham%2C+M+L%3BHayward%2C+J+J%3BShane%2C+B+S%3BTindall%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA adducts in human tissues: biomarkers of exposure to carcinogens in tobacco smoke. AN - 36334937; 201002-31-0247409 (CE); 11701753 (EN) AB - Tobacco smoking causes millions of cancer deaths annually. Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of thousands of chemicals including many known animal carcinogens. Because many carcinogens from DNA adducts in target animal or human tissues, the detection of the formation of adducts using such methods as postlabeling, immunoassay, fluorescence spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry is a means of monitoring human exposure to tobacco carcinogens. Smokers are at increased risk of cancer in many organs, and studies have revealed either specific adducts related to smoking or increased levels of adducts in the lung, bronchus, larynx, bladder, cervix, and oral mucosa of smokers. In a limited number of studies, the adducts and the carcinogens responsible for them have been identified. Some studies have demonstrated higher levels of adducts in the white blood cells of smokers, while other studies indicate other sources of genotoxic agents, including diet, can contribute to the DNA damage observed in these cells. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Phillips, D H AD - Haddow Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom. PY - 1996 SP - 453 EP - 458 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Adducts KW - Carcinogens KW - Tobacco KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Smoke KW - Human tissues KW - Cancer KW - Animals KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36334937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=DNA+adducts+in+human+tissues%3A+biomarkers+of+exposure+to+carcinogens+in+tobacco+smoke.&rft.au=Phillips%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Macromolecule adducts as biomarkers of exposure to environmental mutagens in human populations. AN - 36331694; 201002-31-0247400 (CE); 11701744 (EN) AB - A cancer epidemiologist recently said that "adduct measurement has so far been of little use to epidemiological research." This remark gives us a starting point for the discussion of the purposes of measuring macromolecule adducts that originate from electrophilic compounds or metabolites in humans and animals. Historically, methods for adduct monitoring were developed as a means of determining target doses that, combined with measurements of genotoxic potencies, could be used for risk assessment. With mass spectrometric methods, adducts can be quantified at levels that are thousands of times lower than those in which the cancer incidence associated with this exposure is detectable in disease-epidemiological studies. Furthermore, mass spectrometric techniques permit identification of the chemical structure of the adduct, particularly in the case of hemoglobin adducts. Adduct measurement therefore constitutes not only a means of risk estimation but it may be used as a complement of disease epidemiology in situations in which, for statistical reasons, the risk is too low to be detectable--which does not signify that the risk is acceptably low. It also gives a possibility of identification of the dangerous components in mixed exposures and of the relevant reactive intermediates in cases of complex metabolism. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ehrenberg, L AU - Granath, F AU - Tornqvist, M AD - Department of Radiobiology, Stockholm University, Sweden. PY - 1996 SP - 423 EP - 428 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Adducts KW - Risk KW - Epidemiology KW - Macromolecules KW - Cancer KW - Spectroscopy KW - Human KW - Complement KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36331694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Macromolecule+adducts+as+biomarkers+of+exposure+to+environmental+mutagens+in+human+populations.&rft.au=Ehrenberg%2C+L%3BGranath%2C+F%3BTornqvist%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ehrenberg&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular markers of ionizing radiation-induced gene mutations in mammalian cells. AN - 36329261; 201002-31-0247398 (CE); 11701742 (EN) AB - We have isolated independent Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) locus from untreated, 60Co gamma-ray-exposed, and 212Bi alpha-exposed cells and identified the molecular changes underlying the mutation determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based exon deletion analysis. Both the parental CHO-K1 cells and the X-ray-sensitive mutant xrs-5 cells were studied. The radiosensitive xrs-5 cells are defective in DNA double-strand break rejoining ability and in V(D)J recombination, which can be complemented by Ku protein. Of the 71 spontaneous CHO-K1 hprt mutants analyzed, 78% showed no change in exon number or size, 20% showed loss of one to eight exons (partial deletion), and 3% showed loss of all nine hprt exons (total deletion). Exposure of CHO-K1 cells to 6 Gy of gamma rays, which reduced survival levels to 10%, produced a high deletion spectrum with 45% of the 20 mutants analyzed showing a loss of one to eight exons and 30% showing total deletion. Exposure to an equitoxic dose of alpha radiation from 212Bi, a 220Rn daughter, resulted in a spectrum similar to the gamma-ray spectrum in that 75% of the 49 mutants analyzed were deletions. To alpha radiation, however, tended to produce larger intragenic deletions than gamma radiation. Of the 92 spontaneous xrs-5 mutants analyzed for deletions, 43% showed a loss of one to eight exons and 14% showed total deletion. This suggests that, in certain regions of the hprt gene, base alterations can be converted into large deletions and alteration in the Ku protein complex can influence this type of mutational process. Exposure to alpha radiation (10% survival) to xrs-5 cells resulted in a deletion spectrum similar to that seen in CHO-K1 cells. Of the 49 mutants analyzed, 43% showed on change in exon number or size, 16% showed a loss of one to eight exons, and 41% showed total deletion. While the defect in xrs-5 cells has a profound effect on spontaneous mutant spectra, this defect does not appear to affect alpha-induced mutation spectra. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hsie, A W AU - Porter, R C AU - Xu, Z AU - Yu, Y AU - Sun, J AU - Meltz, M L AU - Schwartz, J L AD - Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 675 EP - 678 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Deletion KW - Alpha rays KW - Spontaneous KW - Alpha radiation KW - Mutations KW - Spectra KW - Gamma rays KW - Genes KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36329261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Molecular+markers+of+ionizing+radiation-induced+gene+mutations+in+mammalian+cells.&rft.au=Hsie%2C+A+W%3BPorter%2C+R+C%3BXu%2C+Z%3BYu%2C+Y%3BSun%2C+J%3BMeltz%2C+M+L%3BSchwartz%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Hsie&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=675&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increase in the 8-hydroxyguanine repair activity in the rat kidney after the administration of a renal carcinogen, ferric nitrilotriacetate. AN - 36329128; 201002-31-0247407 (CE); 11701751 (EN) AB - One type of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua), is known to increase in rat kidney DNA after the administration of a renal carcinogen, ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA). To determine the involvement of oxygen radicals in Fe-NTA carcinogenesis, we examined whether the 8-OH-Gua repair enzymes are induced in the rat kidney after Fe-NTA administration, in addition to our analysis of the 8-OH-Gua levels in the DNA, because the 8-OH-Gua repair activity is known to be induced in mammalian cells by oxidative stress due to ionizing radiation. The 8-OH-Gua repair enzyme activity was determined with an endonuclease assay using a 22-mer double strand DNA, which contains 8-OH-Gua at a specific position. A significant increase in the 8-OH-Gua repair activity was observed in the rat kidney after a single intraperitoneal injection of Fe-NTA (p & 0.01). This is the first report on the induction of the repair activity for 8-OH-Gua after treatment with a chemical carcinogen. This assay will be useful for evaluating the carcinogenicity of oxygen radical-forming chemicals. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yamaguchi, R AU - Hirano, T AU - Asami, S AU - Sugita, A AU - Kasai, H AD - Department of Environmental Oncology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan. PY - 1996 SP - 651 EP - 653 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Repair KW - Iron KW - Kidneys KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Carcinogens KW - Enzymes KW - Assaying KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36329128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Increase+in+the+8-hydroxyguanine+repair+activity+in+the+rat+kidney+after+the+administration+of+a+renal+carcinogen%2C+ferric+nitrilotriacetate.&rft.au=Yamaguchi%2C+R%3BHirano%2C+T%3BAsami%2C+S%3BSugita%2C+A%3BKasai%2C+H&rft.aulast=Yamaguchi&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms of spontaneous human cancers. AN - 36328149; 201002-31-0247408 (CE); 11701752 (EN) AB - The causes of much of human cancer remain obscure. The fraction that is spontaneous is unknown and cannot be calculated until all known external causes have been accounted for. This is not a feasible proposition. However, there is substantial evidence that about 80% of human cancer could be avoided by eliminating tobacco consumption; by dietary changes; by reducing infection with certain viruses, bacteria, and parasitic worms; and, in white populations, by avoiding sunburn. Alcohol, occupational and medical carcinogens, and certain patterns of reproductive behavior also contribute to the cancer burden. Cancers that cannot be attributed to these causes, and for which no other causes can be found, could be considered spontaneous and to arise from endogenous processes. Epidemiological evidence suggests that spontaneous and induced cancers share the same mechanism. Cancer is a genetic disorder of somatic cells. An accumulation of mutant genes that control the cell cycle, maintain genomic stability, and mediate apoptosis is central to carcinogenesis. Spontaneous mutation may cause spontaneous cancer. Endogenous causes of mutation include depurination and depyrimidation of DNA; proofreading and mismatch errors during DNA replication; deamination of 5-methylcytosine to produce C to T base pair substitutions; and damage to DNA and its replication imposed by products of metabolism (notably oxidative damage caused by oxygen free radicals). Deficiencies in cellular defense mechanisms may also provoke spontaneous mutation. These include defective DNA excision-repair; low levels of antioxidants, antioxidant enzymes, and nucleophiles that trap DNA-reactive electrophiles; and enzymes that conjugate nucleophiles with DNA-damaging electrophiles. Mechanisms underlying many of those cellular defenses are under genetic control. Thus, germ line mutations or polymorphisms of genes that govern them may also contribute to spontaneous cancer. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Venitt, S AD - Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Royal Cancer Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom. s.venitt@icr.ac.uk PY - 1996 SP - 633 EP - 637 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Spontaneous KW - Mutations KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Bacteria KW - Human KW - Enzymes KW - Cellular KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36328149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+spontaneous+human+cancers.&rft.au=Venitt%2C+S&rft.aulast=Venitt&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human exposures to mutagens--an analysis using the genetic activity profile database. AN - 36327404; 201002-31-0247404 (CE); 11701748 (EN) AB - The Genetic Activity Profile (GAP) database was used to identify and compare agents showing genotoxic activity in humans. The database revealed several substances for which both human and rodent cytogenetic data existed. Based on the ratio of the lowest effective doses (LEDs) in rodents versus human studies, humans appear to be at least 10 times more sensitive than rodents to the majority of the genotoxic substances examined. Several caveats are discussed which may be responsible, in part, for the apparent differences in sensitivity. Some of these differences could be due to variations in the test protocols or they may, in fact, reflect real differences between human and rodent cells. However, in contrast to the in vivo comparison, the LEDs for human data from in vitro studies were not uniformly lower than for comparable studies in rodents. The in vitro comparison suggests that the apparent differences in human versus rodent cell sensitivity seen in vivo must be viewed with a degree of caution. Nevertheless, the overall GAPs for these agents, and particularly the human in vivo data, underscore the concern for adequate protection of humans exposed to these environmental mutagens. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tice, R R AU - Stack, H F AU - Waters, M D AD - Integrated Laboratory Systems, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 585 EP - 589 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Human KW - Rodents KW - Databases KW - In vivo testing KW - Biomedical materials KW - In vivo tests KW - Surgical implants KW - Biocompatibility KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36327404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Human+exposures+to+mutagens--an+analysis+using+the+genetic+activity+profile+database.&rft.au=Tice%2C+R+R%3BStack%2C+H+F%3BWaters%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Tice&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=585&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carcinogenicity of food mutagens. AN - 36326228; 201002-31-0247402 (CE); 11701746 (EN) AB - Cancer cells are produced by the accumulation of genetic alterations in somatic cells. Those genetic alterations are produced by xenobiotics, which enter the human body from the environment, and by autobiotics, which are produced in the human body. Food contains many different types of xenobiotic mutagens/carcinogens and tumor promoters. Food can influence the formation of autobiotic mutagens/carcinogens and give rise to tumor-promoting conditions. In spite of this, it can also contain many antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, and antitumor-promoting substances. Carcinogenic risk and anticarcinogenic efficacy are hard to express quantitatively; however, holistic approaches that are designed to improve lifestyle are realistic for cancer prevention. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sugimura, T AU - Nagao, M AU - Wakabayashi, K AD - National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan tsugimur@gan.ncc.go.jp PY - 1996 SP - 429 EP - 433 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Foods KW - Mutagens KW - Carcinogens KW - Genetics KW - Alterations KW - Human body KW - Cancer KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36326228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Carcinogenicity+of+food+mutagens.&rft.au=Sugimura%2C+T%3BNagao%2C+M%3BWakabayashi%2C+K&rft.aulast=Sugimura&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular epidemiology in environmental carcinogenesis. AN - 36324844; 201002-31-0247399 (CE); 11701743 (EN) AB - Molecular epidemiology has significant potential in preventing cancer and other diseases caused by environmental exposures (related to lifestyle, occupation, or ambient pollution). This approach attempts to prevent cancer by incorporating laboratory methods to document the molecular dose and preclinical effects of carcinogens, as well as factors that increases individual susceptibility to carcinogens. Recently we have carried out validation studies of biologic markers such as carcinogen--DNA and carcinogen--protein adducts, gene and chromosomal mutations, alterations in target oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, polymorphisms in putative susceptibility genes (individual P450s, glutathione transferase M1), and serum levels of micronutrients. This research involves adults, infants, and children exposed to varying levels of carcinogens, as well as cancer cases and controls. On a group level, dose-response relationships have frequently been seen between various biomarkers and environmental exposures such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, cigarette smoke (active and passive), and ambient indoor and workplace air pollution. However, there is significant interindividual variation in biomarkers that appears to reflect a modulating effect on biomarkers (hence potential risk) by genetic and acquired susceptibility factors. Ongoing retrospective and nested case-control studies of lung and breast cancer are examining the association between biomarkers and cancer risk. Results of these studies are encouraging; they suggest that biomarkers, once validated, can be useful in identifying populations and individuals at risk in time to intervene effectively. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Perera, F P AU - Mooney, L A AU - Dickey, C P AU - Santella, R M AU - Bell, D AU - Blaner, W AU - Tang, D AU - Whyatt, R M AD - Columbia University School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, New York, New York 10032, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 441 EP - 443 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Carcinogens KW - Cancer KW - Risk KW - Genes KW - Exposure KW - Air pollution KW - Epidemiology KW - Active control KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36324844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Molecular+epidemiology+in+environmental+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Perera%2C+F+P%3BMooney%2C+L+A%3BDickey%2C+C+P%3BSantella%2C+R+M%3BBell%2C+D%3BBlaner%2C+W%3BTang%2C+D%3BWhyatt%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Perera&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring human exposure to 2-hydroxyethylating carcinogens. AN - 36321675; 201002-31-0247406 (CE); 11701750 (EN) AB - It is known that human hemoglobin contains low levels of N-terminal N-(2-hydroxyethyl)valine. Possible sources of this modified amino acid are exposure to ethylene oxide or other 2-hydroxy-ethylating agents. Although such processes are likely to occur endogenously, the exogenous contribution to the adduct formation is unclear. In order to explore the latter, we have analyzed N-(2-hydroxyethyl)valine in the globin of 49 pregnant women and evaluated the effect of smoking status, area of residence, and glutathione S-transferase M1 genotype on adduct levels. Transplacental transfer of hydroxyethylating agents was also studied by the analysis of umbilical cord hemoglobin. The adduct levels in smokers were significantly higher than those in nonsmokers. The adduct levels in umbilical cord blood globin were quantitatively related to those in maternal blood (maternal:fetal ratio 2.7 in smokers and 2.8 in nonsmokers). In the nonsmokers, there was no statistically significant difference in the adduct level between the urban and rural areas, but the level in suburbia tended to be lower than that in the rural area. In the combined smoker and nonsmoker groups, there was no effect of the glutathione S-transferase M1 genotype on levels of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)valine. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Farmer, P B AU - Cordero, R AU - Autrup, H AD - MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, United Kingdom PY - 1996 SP - 449 EP - 452 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Adducts KW - Blood KW - Hemoglobin KW - Umbilical cords KW - Human KW - Rural areas KW - Glutathione KW - Ethylene oxide KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36321675?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Monitoring+human+exposure+to+2-hydroxyethylating+carcinogens.&rft.au=Farmer%2C+P+B%3BCordero%2C+R%3BAutrup%2C+H&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological monitoring of workers exposed to emissions from petroleum plants. AN - 36315665; 201002-31-0247410 (CE); 11701754 (EN) AB - This paper presents some of the results from the Commission of the European Communities collaborative research program (contract number EV5V-CT92-0221), whose aim is to investigate the relationship between exposure to petroleum emissions, benzene, and induction of genetic damage in human cells. Twenty-four workers from petroleum plants in Poland and 35 unexposed controls were examined for cytogenetic effects and ras oncoprotein levels and their relationship to confounding factors (e.g., smoking habit, sex family cancer history, and seasonal influence). Preliminary data of chromosome aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) showed differences among sampling subgroups. In this present study, the levels of ras p21 proteins were determined and further analyses of CA, SCE, high frequency cells (HFC), and proliferative rate index (PRI) have been undertaken. Results show that the exposed group has statistically significant increases in CA, and percent of aberrant cells. There were no differences between exposed and unexposed groups in SCE, HFC, PRI, or the levels of ras p21 proteins. Smoking was found to statistically significantly affect levels of CA, percent of aberrant cells, SCE, HFC, and ras proteins. Sister chromatid exchanges were also statistically significantly sex dependent (7.5 breaks/cells for females and 6.8 breaks/cell for males). There were no statistically significant differences for CA, percent aberrant cells, SCE, HFC, or ras p21 protein levels in subgroups characterized according to cancer cases reported in the immediate family. A seasonal variability was shown with statistically significant increases in various biomarkers in the winter. Unexposed groups also showed increases due to smoking and season. The nonsmoking group individuals also showed statistically significant increases in cytogenetic damage with exposure. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Anderson, D AU - Hughes, J A AU - Cebulska-Wasilewska, A AU - Wierzewska, A AU - Kasper, E AD - BIBRA International, Carshalton, Surrey, United Kingdom. PY - 1996 SP - 609 EP - 613 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - HFC KW - Aberration KW - Proteins KW - Crude oil KW - Smoking KW - Exposure KW - Exchange KW - Damage KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36315665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biological+monitoring+of+workers+exposed+to+emissions+from+petroleum+plants.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+D%3BHughes%2C+J+A%3BCebulska-Wasilewska%2C+A%3BWierzewska%2C+A%3BKasper%2C+E&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Support for Native Americans with Developmental Disabilities. AN - 62566503; ED408118 AB - This report addresses the high incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE) among Native Americans and suggests that there is a lack of comprehensive effort to provide outreach services to the Native American population in Illinois. The report begins with an overview of American Indian history and the migration of Native Americans to the Chicago area since the 1950s. Although several organizations provide services specifically to American Indians, additional services are needed for this growing Chicago population. The leading cause of developmental disability in the Native American population are FAS and FAE. In addition, Native Americans have the highest prevalence of alcohol problems among all U.S. population groups. Illiteracy, lack of education, and a related lack of exposure to facts about drinking during pregnancy contribute to the high incidence of FAS and FAE among American Indians. Recent surveys of Illinois Native Americans revealed that most respondents were aware that it was detrimental to drink alcohol while pregnant, and 70 percent of respondents were concerned about a friend or relative who had used alcohol while pregnant. Disabled Native Americans encounter barriers to receiving appropriate services due to lack of knowledge among non-Native providers regarding the Native American community and its distinct cultural values, norms, and world views; economic barriers; and personal and familial barriers that prevent individuals from acknowledging problem drinking and the effects of substance abuse on children. The last section of the report includes recommendations for improving service delivery to disabled Native Americans, with the goal of empowering the Native American community toward independence and improving its linkage to non-Native service providers. (LP) AU - Goodman, Wylie AU - Rife, Christine Y1 - 1996/04/26/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Apr 26 SP - 26 KW - Access to Services KW - Illinois KW - Native Americans KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Developmental Disabilities KW - American Indian Culture KW - Urban American Indians KW - Delivery Systems KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Health Education KW - Pregnancy KW - Prevention KW - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome KW - Cultural Influences KW - Poverty KW - Alcoholism KW - Social Services KW - American Indian Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62566503?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal metabolism of 2-nitrofluorene. AN - 78007128; 8614025 AB - Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are direct-acting mutagens and carcinogens that are considered a risk to human health. We investigated the metabolism of 2-nitrofluorene by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112. At 144 h of incubation, C. elegans had metabolized about 81% of the [9-14C]-2-nitrofluorene, resulting in 6 metabolites. The major metabolites were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by 1H NMR, ultraviolet (UV)-visible, and mass spectral analyses as 2-nitro-9-fluorenol, 2-nitro-9-fluorenone, 6-hydroxy-2-nitrofluorene, and sulfate conjugates of 7-hydroxy-2-nitro-9-fluorenone and 7-hydroxy-2-nitrofluorene. 2-Nitro-9-fluorenol accounted for about 62% of the total metabolism. For comparison with the microbial system, experiments with liver microsomes of rats pretreated with 3-methyl-cholanthrene were conducted. Microsomal incubations indicated formation of phenolic and ring-hydroxylated products of 2-nitrofluorene. 2-Nitrofluorene and hydroxylated metabolites have been previously implicated as direct-acting mutagens in bacterial assays and have shown sister chromatid exchanges in vivo in bone marrow cells and in vitro in ovary cells and unscheduled DNA synthesis in mammalian studies. Previous studies with other PAHs using C. elegans have shown that the phenols and glucoside and sulfate conjugates of phenols are generally less mutagenic than the parent. The results from the metabolism of 2-nitrofluorene by C. elegans suggests the detoxification potential of this fungus. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Pothuluri, J V AU - Evans, F E AU - Heinze, T M AU - Fu, P P AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. Y1 - 1996/04/19/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Apr 19 SP - 587 EP - 599 VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Fluorenes KW - 2-nitrofluorene KW - 191LL4U4GZ KW - Methylcholanthrene KW - 56-49-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Methylcholanthrene -- toxicity KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Hydroxylation KW - Fluorenes -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Fluorenes -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mucorales -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78007128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Fungal+metabolism+of+2-nitrofluorene.&rft.au=Pothuluri%2C+J+V%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BHeinze%2C+T+M%3BFu%2C+P+P%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Pothuluri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-04-19&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MPP(+)-induced neurotoxicity in mouse is age-dependent: evidenced by the selective inhibition of complexes of electron transport. AN - 78201144; 8739616 AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), has been demonstrated to cause selective neurotoxicity by inhibiting complex I in mitochondria, through its toxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) which is formed during the bioactivation of MPTP by monoamine oxidase B. In this report, we have evaluated the effect of MPP+ on the 4 mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes by incubating brain mitochondria of mice at 3 different age groups with MPP+ (200 microM) and monitoring enzyme activities of complexes I, II, III, and IV at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. Complexes I, III, and IV showed significant inhibition within 15 min in all the age groups studied, followed by some recovery in enzyme activities upon further incubation for complexes I and IV. However, complex II was not affected by MPP+ at any age. Our data suggest that inhibition of complexes I, III, and IV by MPP+ efficiently restrict the transport of electrons down the respiratory chain which ultimately leads to decreased ATP production. This could further aggravate oxidative stress as ATP is required for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), one of the important scavengers of free radicals. In this study, inhibition was more severe in mitochondrial preparations from older rather than younger mice. Additionally, young animals showed faster recovery following inhibition than old animals for complex I. Impaired respiratory chain function in older animals compared to younger ones supports the hypothesis of accumulation of age-related mitochondrial DNA mutations which partly encode for subunits of complexes I, III, and IV. From this study, it seems that inhibition of complexes I, III, and IV may be the underlying cause of neurotoxicity due to MPP+ which could be intensified by age-associated dysfunction of electron transport. JF - Brain research AU - Desai, V G AU - Feuers, R J AU - Hart, R W AU - Ali, S F AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1996/04/09/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Apr 09 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 715 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - 0 KW - NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) KW - EC 1.6.5.2 KW - Electron Transport Complex IV KW - EC 1.9.3.1 KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium KW - R865A5OY8J KW - Index Medicus KW - Electron Transport -- physiology KW - Brain -- enzymology KW - Animals KW - Mitochondria -- enzymology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Mitochondria -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mitochondria -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) -- metabolism KW - Electron Transport Complex IV -- metabolism KW - Brain -- ultrastructure KW - Male KW - Electron Transport -- drug effects KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Dopamine Agents -- toxicity KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium -- toxicity KW - Nervous System Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78201144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=MPP%28%2B%29-induced+neurotoxicity+in+mouse+is+age-dependent%3A+evidenced+by+the+selective+inhibition+of+complexes+of+electron+transport.&rft.au=Desai%2C+V+G%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BAli%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Desai&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1996-04-09&rft.volume=715&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of DNA adducts and the frequency of 6-thioguanine resistant T-lymphocytes in F344 rats fed 2,4-toluenediamine or implanted with a toluenediisocyanate-containing polyester polyurethane foam. AN - 78013868; 8628327 AB - Toluenediamines have been of toxicological concern because of their industrial use as intermediates in polyurethane synthesis and because of the potential of their release from degradation of the Microthane polyesterurethane covering of some breast implants. In this study, we have assessed the extent of DNA damage in rats treated with a carcinogenic toluenediamine isomer, 2,4-toluenediamine (2,4-TDA), under conditions that result in tumor induction, and in rats implanted with Microthane polyesterurethane foam. Time and dose-dependent formation of adducts was observed in DNA from the liver and mammary gland of rats fed 10, 40, 80 and 180 ppm 2,4-TDA for up to 6 weeks. In assays conducted 1 to 32 weeks after the start of treatment, no adducts were detected in the DNA of T-lymphocytes isolated from the spleens of animals fed 40 or 180 ppm 2,4-TDA, nor was there an increase in mutations at the hprt locus in these lymphocytes. In rats fed 40 or 180 ppm, 2,4-TDA for 6 weeks, adducts were detectable in DNA isolated from liver and mammary gland for 26 to 43 weeks after termination of the treatment. No DNA damage, as assessed by both DNA adduct measurement and induction of T-lymphocyte hprt mutations, was observed in rats up to 42 weeks after receiving subcutaneous implants of polyesterurethane foam (67 or 267 mg/kg). Although 2,4-TDA is clearly capable of damaging DNA, the results of this study are consistent with the conclusion that Microthane foam-containing implants present a minimal risk of genotoxicity through release and subsequent metabolic activation of 2,4-TDA. The study also indicates that DNA adduct formation and mutation induction in lymphocytes are inadequate biomonitors for measuring exposure to toluenediamines. JF - Mutation research AU - Delclos, K B AU - Blaydes, B AU - Heflich, R H AU - Smith, B A AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/04/06/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Apr 06 SP - 210 EP - 218 VL - 367 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Phenylenediamines KW - Polyesters KW - Polyurethanes KW - microthane foam KW - Thioguanine KW - FTK8U1GZNX KW - 2,4-diaminotoluene KW - IS1AKN4HYB KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- drug effects KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Drug Resistance KW - Female KW - Mutagenesis KW - Breast Implants -- adverse effects KW - T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Phenylenediamines -- toxicity KW - Polyesters -- toxicity KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - DNA Adducts -- drug effects KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Thioguanine -- pharmacology KW - Polyurethanes -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78013868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+DNA+adducts+and+the+frequency+of+6-thioguanine+resistant+T-lymphocytes+in+F344+rats+fed+2%2C4-toluenediamine+or+implanted+with+a+toluenediisocyanate-containing+polyester+polyurethane+foam.&rft.au=Delclos%2C+K+B%3BBlaydes%2C+B%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BSmith%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Delclos&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-04-06&rft.volume=367&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-21 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intervention research: science, skills, and strategies. AN - 85258413; pmid-8728125 AB - Despite a rich history of etiological research, the field of occupational safety and health does not have a rigorous history of research on what works and does not work to prevent and control occupational diseases and injuries. National and global transformations of economies and workplaces with enhanced competitiveness require more attention to options for interventions. A three-pronged approach to building a body of knowledge on intervention research in occupational health and safety is identified in this paper. The approach focuses on the science, skills, and strategies that can be useful in intervention research. Scientifically, researchers can draw on constructs and techniques from epidemiology, evaluation practice, and clinical trials. Experimental and nonexperimental approaches have value for occupational studies. The skills needed represent a range of disciplines beyond those traditional of health and safety; social scientists, economists, and organizational theorists often need to be part of research teams. Strategic approaches involve more labor-management partnerships, prospective study designs, and the use of intermediate and surrogate indicators. The strategic challenge will be to conduct intervention research against a backdrop of overriding political and economic pressures. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Schulte, P A AU - Goldenhar, L M AU - Connally, L B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 285 EP - 288 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Organization and Administration KW - Intervention Studies KW - Human KW - Economic Competition KW - Clinical Trials KW - Workplace KW - Research Design KW - Science KW - Evaluation Studies KW - Prospective Studies KW - Epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases KW - Social Sciences KW - Occupational Health KW - Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85258413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Intervention+research%3A+science%2C+skills%2C+and+strategies.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BGoldenhar%2C+L+M%3BConnally%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetics of age-related hearing loss in mice. III. Susceptibility of inbred and F1 hybrid strains to noise-induced hearing loss. AN - 85241903; pmid-8735078 AB - Some humans and mice are genetically predisposed to age-related hearing loss (AHL), and others are variously susceptible to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The inbred C57BL/6J (B6) mice exhibit AHL at an early age, whereas the inbred CBA/CaJ (CB) mice do not. The B6 mice are much more susceptible to NIHL than are the CB mice (Shone et al., 1991; Li, 1992a). The B6 mice possess an Ahl gene which maps to chromosome 10 (Erway et al., 1995). This study was designed, using these two inbred strains plus two F1 hybrid strains of mice, to begin to test the hypothesis that the Ahl genotypes may influence the susceptibility to NIHL. These strains of mice (with putative genotypes) are: inbred CB (+/+) and B6 (Ahl/Ahl); hybrid CBB6F1 (+/Ahl) and B6D2F1 (Ahl/Ahl; D2 represents inbred DBA/2J). Twenty-four mice of each of these four strains were exposed to noise (110 dB for 0, 1 or 2 h) and tested for auditory-evoked brainstem response (ABR) thresholds. The CB and CBB6F1 strains of mice did not differ significantly from each other, exhibiting mostly temporary threshold shifts. The B6 and B6D2F1 strains of mice did not differ significantly from each other, but did exhibit permanent threshold shifts. These results support the hypothesis that genetic predisposition to AHL may be revealed at a younger age by NIHL. This suggests that it may be possible to use the NIHL to distinguish segregating genotypes (+/Ahl vs. Ahl/Ahl) among backcross progeny and thereby to identify and map single genes for AHL. JF - Hearing Research AU - Erway, L C AU - Shiau, Y W AU - Davis, R R AU - Krieg, E F AD - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221,; Bioacoustics and Occupational Vibration Section, Physical Agents Effects Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 181 EP - 187 VL - 93 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-5955, 0378-5955 KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Auditory Threshold KW - Random Allocation KW - Aging KW - Animal KW - Mice KW - Presbycusis KW - Genotype KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced KW - Mice, Inbred CBA KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Acoustic Stimulation KW - Species Specificity KW - Disease Models, Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85241903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hearing+Research&rft.atitle=Genetics+of+age-related+hearing+loss+in+mice.+III.+Susceptibility+of+inbred+and+F1+hybrid+strains+to+noise-induced+hearing+loss.&rft.au=Erway%2C+L+C%3BShiau%2C+Y+W%3BDavis%2C+R+R%3BKrieg%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Erway&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hearing+Research&rft.issn=03785955&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Workplace homicide: industries and occupations at high risk. AN - 78557219; 8936251 AB - Homicide is to blame for 20 workplace deaths each week. Although no single intervention strategy will be appropriate in all situations, the author points out that interventions cannot be designed without knowledge of the demographic characteristics of victims and the distribution of workplace violence across industries and occupations. Such data are presented by gender, age, race, geographic distribution, method of homicide, and industry and occupation. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Jenkins, E L AD - Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC 20201, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 219 EP - 225 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Male KW - Female KW - Violence -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Homicide -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78557219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Workplace+homicide%3A+industries+and+occupations+at+high+risk.&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+E+L&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of risk for photocarcinogenesis: regulatory reviewer viewpoint. AN - 78554720; 8934736 JF - Photochemistry and photobiology AU - Osterberg, R E AU - Szarfman, A AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 362 EP - 365 VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Humans KW - Ultraviolet Rays -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Sunlight -- adverse effects KW - Skin Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78554720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+risk+for+photocarcinogenesis%3A+regulatory+reviewer+viewpoint.&rft.au=Osterberg%2C+R+E%3BSzarfman%2C+A&rft.aulast=Osterberg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-31 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of rat lymphocyte primary culture for the development of an in-vitro mutagenesis assay: effect of interleukin-2 and 2-mercaptoethanol on the activities of intermediary metabolism enzymes and cell proliferation. AN - 78215834; 8738477 AB - Efficient energy utilization is essential for cell growth; in an attempt to improve the growth conditions of the rat T-lymphocyte culture model for potential use in studying the mutagenic activity of carcinogens in vitro, we have investigated the effects of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) on the activities of intermediary metabolism enzymes and cell proliferation. Isolated lymphocytes were cultured in the presence and absence of PHA, IL-2, or 2-ME. The intermediary metabolism enzymes investigated were glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, and fatty acid synthetase (FAS). Measurable activity of all enzymes investigated, except for FAS, was detected in PHA-stimulated cells cultured with IL-2 or 2-ME. The unstimulated lymphocytes had significantly lower enzyme activity than stimulated cells. The combination of all three agents showed increased enzyme activity. This increase in activity brought about by the combination of the three agents was not reproduced by either agent acting alone. In general, the increase in enzyme activity correlated with cell proliferation as measured by [3H]thymidine uptake in PHA-stimulated cultures containing IL-2 and/or 2-ME. The results suggest that the addition of exogenous IL-2 and 2-ME enhances metabolic function and may be beneficial in in vitro culture of rat lymphocytes. JF - Cell biology and toxicology AU - Aidoo, A AU - Feuers, R J AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Bishop, M E AU - Casciano, D A AD - Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 79 EP - 87 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0742-2091, 0742-2091 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Phytohemagglutinins KW - Pyruvates KW - Mercaptoethanol KW - 60-24-2 KW - Pyruvic Acid KW - 8558G7RUTR KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Malate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.37 KW - Isocitrate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.41 KW - Glutamate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.4.1.2 KW - Fatty Acid Synthases KW - EC 2.3.1.85 KW - Transaminases KW - EC 2.6.1.- KW - glutamate aminotransferase KW - Pyruvate Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.40 KW - Index Medicus KW - Glutamate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Malate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Cell Division -- physiology KW - Fatty Acid Synthases -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Pyruvates -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Transaminases -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured -- physiology KW - Amino Acids -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured -- enzymology KW - Isocitrate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Male KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Pyruvate Kinase -- metabolism KW - Citric Acid Cycle KW - Interleukin-2 -- pharmacology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Mercaptoethanol -- pharmacology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78215834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+rat+lymphocyte+primary+culture+for+the+development+of+an+in-vitro+mutagenesis+assay%3A+effect+of+interleukin-2+and+2-mercaptoethanol+on+the+activities+of+intermediary+metabolism+enzymes+and+cell+proliferation.&rft.au=Aidoo%2C+A%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BBishop%2C+M+E%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Aidoo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of surveillance in the hierarchy of prevention. AN - 78151718; 8728132 AB - Surveillance is the collection, analysis, and dissemination of results for the purpose of prevention. Surveillance tells us what our problems are, how big they are, where the solutions should be directed, how well (or poorly) our solutions have worked, and if, over time, there is improvement or deterioration. Surveillance is essential to successful sustained public health intervention for the purposes of prevention. Surveillance systems must be tailored to the specific disease or injury that is to be prevented. Surveillance should not be limited to the occurrence of death, disease, or disability. Public health is a multilevel cascade of activities involving recognition, evaluation, and intervention. Public health should include elements of experimentation as well as field implementation with evaluation. Surveillance is the mechanism to modify any element in the cascade based upon that element's contribution to prevention or lack thereof. Any element in the causal or intervention pathway is appropriate for surveillance as long as the monitoring of the element is useful in improving the prevention system. These elements include the occurrence of hazard and intervention as well as disease, death, or disability. Examples will be provided that demonstrate the roles of surveillance in the recognition of new diseases, the evaluation of the persistence of recognized problems, the estimation of the magnitude and trends of public health problems, and the provision of information to motivate intervention. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Halperin, W E AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 321 EP - 323 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health KW - Motivation KW - Humans KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) KW - Health Education KW - Disabled Persons KW - Safety Management KW - Occupational Health KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78151718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=The+role+of+surveillance+in+the+hierarchy+of+prevention.&rft.au=Halperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Halperin&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-13 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The future of intervention research at NIOSH. AN - 78151671; 8728127 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has recently made a commitment to increase both extramural and intramural support of control technology and intervention research. It is important for NIOSH to use intervention research more aggressively because it provides a mechanism to go beyond investigation, identification, and recommendations to actually determine if prevention has occurred. Intervention research can assess the effectiveness of the hierarchy of controls, workplace standards, and health and medical care, as well as provide important information on occupational disease and injury surveillance and health communication efforts. In pursuing intervention research, NIOSH will focus on enhancing its existing control technology and surveillance programs, seeking input from partners in industry and labor, pursuing interdisciplinary approaches, considering the cost and feasibility of controls, considering and integrating behavioral procedures, and widely disseminating the results. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Rosenstock, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. 20201, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 295 EP - 297 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Medical Laboratory Science KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Communication KW - Workplace KW - Health Promotion KW - Population Surveillance KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Behavior KW - Forecasting KW - Occupational Health Services KW - Research Support as Topic KW - Industry KW - Occupational Health KW - National Institutes of Health (U.S.) KW - Research -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78151671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=The+future+of+intervention+research+at+NIOSH.&rft.au=Rosenstock%2C+L&rft.aulast=Rosenstock&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-13 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An engineer's perspective of the intervention research workshop. AN - 78150702; 8728144 AB - As an engineer practicing in the area of engineering controls for the reduction of occupational exposures to hazardous agents, the Intervention Research Workshop studies appeared to be effective for the studied situations, yet the models may not be applicable across a wide range of intervention possibilities. A more generic model might be more appropriate, perhaps a business model. Dr. W. Edwards Deming has proposed a model for the production of goods and services. If we can view interventions as products which need to be sold to potential customers, perhaps this type of model would be more effective across a wide range of intervention strategies. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Gressel, M G AD - Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 382 EP - 383 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Program Evaluation KW - Safety Management KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Occupational Health KW - Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78150702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=An+engineer%27s+perspective+of+the+intervention+research+workshop.&rft.au=Gressel%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Gressel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-13 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methodological issues for intervention research in occupational health and safety. AN - 78150594; 8728126 AB - This article presents a brief summary of the nature and extent of intervention research being conducted in the area of occupational safety and health. Articles were classified either as engineering, administrative, or behavioral, according to the type(s) of interventions that were evaluated. Findings suggest that many of the intervention studies conducted lacked a theoretical basis, used small samples, and tested interventions lacking the intensity to cause the desired change. Most study designs were either nonexperimental or quasi-experimental. Recommendations for conducting future research are presented. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Goldenhar, L M AU - Schulte, P A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 289 EP - 294 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Organization and Administration KW - Engineering KW - Behavior KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) KW - Occupational Health KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78150594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Methodological+issues+for+intervention+research+in+occupational+health+and+safety.&rft.au=Goldenhar%2C+L+M%3BSchulte%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Goldenhar&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-13 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approaches for assessing the efficacy of occupational health and safety standards. AN - 78148705; 8728138 AB - The regulation of hazards is one of the most dramatic forms of intervention in occupational safety and health (OSH). Despite their high degree of potential social and economic impact, relatively little research has been conducted to specifically evaluate the effectiveness of OSH standards with regard to preventing occupational diseases and injuries. This paper reviews the basic scientific approaches that may be used to evaluate the efficacy of OSH standards. These approaches encompass the following research areas: (1) exposure surveillance, (2) disease surveillance, and (3) prospective studies following the introduction of the standard. Research on asbestos and asbestosis, respirable crystalline silica (quartz) and silicosis, and respirable coal mine dust and coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) are used to illustrate these approaches and the type of information that is currently available. The examples (quartz, coal dust, asbestos) reveal substantial limitations in the types of information currently available for evaluating the efficacy of these OSH standards. Ideally, plans for evaluating the efficacy of OSH standards should be developed for existing and future standards. These plans should include programs for the surveillance of exposures and adverse health effects and, when possible, for prospective studies designed to evaluate how the risk of disease (or injury) is modified by the introduction of the standard. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Stayner, L AU - Kuempel, E AU - Rice, F AU - Prince, M AU - Althouse, R AD - Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 353 EP - 357 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - National Institutes of Health (U.S.) -- standards KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Program Evaluation KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Forecasting KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Safety Management KW - Population Surveillance KW - Occupational Health KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78148705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Approaches+for+assessing+the+efficacy+of+occupational+health+and+safety+standards.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L%3BKuempel%2C+E%3BRice%2C+F%3BPrince%2C+M%3BAlthouse%2C+R&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-13 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational stress intervention. AN - 78145785; 8728135 AB - The topic of occupational stress has received considerable research attention during the last decade and has emerged as an important occupational safety and health concern. Worker compensation claims for stress-related illnesses, for example, were the fastest growing type of claim in the 1980s, comprising more that 11% of all such claims. Concern over problems associated with occupational stress and their costs has fostered interest in intervention strategies. While specific work stressors and their resulting physical and mental health consequences have been identified, relatively few successful interventions have been documented in the literature. This article discusses primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions efforts in the area of occupational stress and argues for efforts to increase understanding of the occupational stress intervention process. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Hurrell, J J AU - Murphy, L R AD - Hazards Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 338 EP - 341 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Workers' Compensation -- economics KW - Occupational Health KW - Primary Prevention KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Humans KW - Stress, Psychological -- economics KW - Stress, Psychological -- diagnosis KW - Workplace KW - Stress, Psychological -- rehabilitation KW - Stress, Psychological -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Stress, Physiological -- diagnosis KW - Occupational Diseases -- economics KW - Stress, Physiological -- economics KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Stress, Physiological -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- rehabilitation KW - Stress, Physiological -- rehabilitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78145785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+stress+intervention.&rft.au=Hurrell%2C+J+J%3BMurphy%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Hurrell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=338&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-13 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NIOSH research initiatives to prevent back injuries to nursing assistants, aides, and orderlies in nursing homes. AN - 78140331; 8728153 AB - Over the past 100 years, advances in nutrition, modern medicine, public health, and a multitude of public health improvements have increased the life expectancy of U.S. residents. The fact that Americans are living longer has resulted in extensive growth in our elderly population and a rapid employment growth that delivered about 2 million new jobs between 1980 and 1989 in the health care workforce. The Bureau of Labor Statistics Injury and Illness Data for nursing homes rose from 10.7 to 18.6 injuries or illnesses per 100 full-time workers between 1980 and 1992. The injury and illness rates among nursing home workers are partly due to the physical stress of providing round-the-clock assistance with the basic activities of daily living, such as getting in and out of a bed or chair, as well as bathing and toileting. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is conducting a series of research studies to identify strategies to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries to workers in nursing homes. NIOSH has funded two laboratory evaluations of resident transferring methods and one field study in an actual nursing home. The purpose of this paper is to describe the key findings from past NIOSH research initiatives and to present an overview of future research. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Collins, J W AU - Owen, B D AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2845, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 421 EP - 424 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Stress, Physiological -- etiology KW - Human Engineering KW - Self-Help Devices KW - Risk Factors KW - Nursing Care KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- injuries KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Forecasting KW - Bone and Bones -- injuries KW - Nurses' Aides KW - Nursing Homes -- manpower KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - National Institutes of Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Back Injuries KW - Nursing Staff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78140331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=NIOSH+research+initiatives+to+prevent+back+injuries+to+nursing+assistants%2C+aides%2C+and+orderlies+in+nursing+homes.&rft.au=Collins%2C+J+W%3BOwen%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-13 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of 2-amino-alpha-carboline. A food-borne heterocyclic amine mutagen and carcinogen by human and rodent liver microsomes and by human cytochrome P4501A2. AN - 78127731; 8801053 AB - 2-Amino-alpha-carboline (A alpha C) is a mutagenic and carcinogenic heterocyclic amine that is formed as a pyrolysis product during the high temperature cooking of food and the burning of tobacco. Human, rat, and mouse hepatic microsomes each catalyzed the NADPH-dependent oxidation of A alpha C to form six products separable by HPLC. The two major metabolites, which together accounted for approximately 85% of the total metabolism, were characterized by UV, fluorescence, proton magnetic resonance, and mass spectral analyses as 3-hydroxy-A alpha C and 6-hydroxy-A alpha C. The remaining 15% were judged to be N-hydroxy-A alpha C and its oxidation products, based on chromatographic and spectral comparisons with a standard, whose synthesis and characterization are also described. Although the proportions of each metabolite were similar across species and individuals, the overall rate of metabolism of A alpha C by human hepatic microsomes showed a wide interindividual variation (37-fold), with a mean activity that was comparable with that observed with rat or mouse liver microsomes. alpha-Naphthoflavone, a selective inhibitor for cytochromes P4501A1 and P4501A2, strongly inhibited formation of both ring-hydroxylation and N-oxidation products by human, rat, or mouse liver hepatic microsomes. In addition, A alpha C oxidation was strongly correlated (r = 0.98; p < 0.001) with the oxidation of 4-aminobiphenyl, a known selective substrate for human and rodent cytochromes P4501A2. Immunoblot analyses confirmed the presence of cytochromes P4501A2, and not P4501A1, in human liver microsomes. Additional studies using recombinant human cytochromes P450 show that high catalytic activity for A alpha C metabolism was associated with human cytochrome P4501A2. Lower, but significant activity was also noted for P4501A1 and P4502C10, which could have important implications for the metabolic activation of A alpha C extrahepatic tissues. Neither A alpha C metabolism nor immunoreactive cytochrome P4501A2 (or P4501A1) was detected in human pancreatic microsomes. Although further carcinogenicity and biomarker studies for A alpha C are needed, the high rate of A alpha C metabolism by human liver cytochrome P4501A2 suggests that humans with the rapid P4501A2 phenotype with may be more susceptible than rodents to this heterocyclic amine carcinogen. JF - Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals AU - Raza, H AU - King, R S AU - Squires, R B AU - Guengerich, F P AU - Miller, D W AU - Freeman, J P AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 395 EP - 400 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - Carbolines KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Mutagens KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - 2-amino-9H-pyrido(2,3-b)indole KW - P0GZ1ICS6X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Immunoblotting KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Blotting, Western KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred SENCAR KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Carbolines -- toxicity KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Carbolines -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78127731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+2-amino-alpha-carboline.+A+food-borne+heterocyclic+amine+mutagen+and+carcinogen+by+human+and+rodent+liver+microsomes+and+by+human+cytochrome+P4501A2.&rft.au=Raza%2C+H%3BKing%2C+R+S%3BSquires%2C+R+B%3BGuengerich%2C+F+P%3BMiller%2C+D+W%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Raza&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-30 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of selective dopamine D1- and D2-agonists and antagonists on timing performance in rats. AN - 78083387; 8801575 AB - Dopamine (DA) D1- and D2-agonists and antagonists were administered at fixed doses to assess putative dopaminergic involvement in timing behavior in rats performing under a peak-interval schedule. Significant shifts in response distributions to the left (consistent with the overestimation of the passage of time) were observed after treatment with the D1- and D2-agonists SKF 38393 and quinpirole, respectively. Both DA antagonists, eticlopride (D2) and SCH 23390 (D1), shifted the response distributions to the right (consistent with the underestimation of the passage of time), but neither drug produced statistically significant shifts. Based on percent shift in peak time from predrug baseline values, no significant differences were detected between agents as a function of their reported affinities for the D1- or D2-receptors. Results indicate the need for a systematic evaluation of each drug at various doses and a more detailed examination of the use of temporal schedules in predicting the efficacy of psychotherapeutic agents. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Frederick, D L AU - Allen, J D AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. dfrederick@fdant.nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 759 EP - 764 VL - 53 IS - 4 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Benzazepines KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Agonists KW - Dopamine Antagonists KW - Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists KW - Ergolines KW - Receptors, Dopamine D1 KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 KW - Salicylamides KW - Quinpirole KW - 20OP60125T KW - 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine KW - 67287-49-4 KW - eticlopride KW - J8M468HBH4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Benzazepines -- pharmacology KW - Reinforcement Schedule KW - Dopamine Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Ergolines -- administration & dosage KW - Ergolines -- pharmacology KW - 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Salicylamides -- administration & dosage KW - Rats KW - Dopamine Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Benzazepines -- administration & dosage KW - Salicylamides -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine Agonists -- administration & dosage KW - Time Factors KW - 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine -- administration & dosage KW - Male KW - Receptors, Dopamine D1 -- agonists KW - Psychomotor Performance -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Dopamine D1 -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 -- agonists UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78083387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Effects+of+selective+dopamine+D1-+and+D2-agonists+and+antagonists+on+timing+performance+in+rats.&rft.au=Frederick%2C+D+L%3BAllen%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-30 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of alpha interferon but not gamma interferon signal transduction by phorbol esters is mediated by a tyrosine phosphatase. AN - 78068175; 8657115 AB - Previous studies have indicated that the expression of viral oncoproteins, cell transformation, or phorbol ester treatment of cells can inhibit alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta)-induced gene expression. The mechanisms by which these promoters of cell growth exert their inhibitory effects vary, but in most instances they involve a disruption of the IFN-alpha/beta-induced transcription complex ISGF3 such that the DNA-binding component of this complex (the 48-kDa ISGF3gamma protein) does not bind to the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE). In this report, we demonstrated that phorbol ester treatment of human peripheral blood monocytes dramatically inhibits activation of IFN-alpha/B-stimulated early response genes but by a mechanism which does not involve abrogation of the ISRE binding of ISGF3gamma. Phorbol ester treatment of monocytes inhibited IFN alpha-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the transcription factors Stat1alpha, Stat2, and Stat3 and of the tyrosine kinase Tyk2 but had no effect on IFN-gamma activation of Stat1alpha. IFNalpha-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak1 and the alpha subunit of the IFN-alpha receptor were unaffected by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Moreover, PMA caused the dephosphorylation of Tyk2 but not of Jak1, which was activated by IFN. Pretreatment of cells with vanadate prevented the effects of PMA with regard to PMA-induced Tyk2 dephosphorylation. These observations suggest that PMA exerts its inhibitory effects by activation of a tyrosine phosphatase which selectively regulates Tyk2 but not Jak1 activity. JF - Molecular and cellular biology AU - Petricoin, E AU - David, M AU - Igarashi, K AU - Benjamin, C AU - Ling, L AU - Goelz, S AU - Finbloom, D S AU - Larner, A C AD - Division of Cytokine Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 1419 EP - 1424 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0270-7306, 0270-7306 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - IRF9 protein, human KW - Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 KW - Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit KW - Interferon-alpha KW - Receptors, Interferon KW - Transcription Factors KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases KW - EC 3.1.3.48 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Phosphorylation KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Monocytes -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Receptors, Interferon -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Interferon-gamma -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Interferon-alpha -- metabolism KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases -- metabolism KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Interferon-alpha -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Interferon-gamma -- metabolism KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78068175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+alpha+interferon+but+not+gamma+interferon+signal+transduction+by+phorbol+esters+is+mediated+by+a+tyrosine+phosphatase.&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+E%3BDavid%2C+M%3BIgarashi%2C+K%3BBenjamin%2C+C%3BLing%2C+L%3BGoelz%2C+S%3BFinbloom%2C+D+S%3BLarner%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.issn=02707306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-29 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cell. 1977 Nov;12(3):733-9 [922890] Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Dec;15(12):7050-8 [8524272] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Sep;84(18):6394-8 [3476954] Genes Dev. 1988 Apr;2(4):383-93 [3371658] J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 25;264(6):3252-5 [2464596] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Feb;86(3):840-4 [2492664] Cell. 1990 Jan 26;60(2):225-34 [2153461] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Sep 1;88(17):7459-63 [1652751] Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Aug 25;19(16):4387-93 [1832217] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Sep 15;88(18):7913-7 [1654549] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Aug;12(8):3315-24 [1630447] Cell. 1992 Jul 24;70(2):313-22 [1386289] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Oct;12(10):4486-95 [1406637] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Nov;12(11):4930-6 [1406670] J Biol Chem. 1992 Nov 25;267(33):24053-7 [1385434] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Dec 15;89(24):11964-8 [1334553] Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Mar;13(3):1634-40 [7680098] J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6593-9 [8454630] Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Jul;13(7):3984-9 [8321205] Science. 1993 Sep 24;261(5129):1730-3 [8378773] Nature. 1993 Nov 11;366(6451):129-35 [8232552] Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Feb;14(2):1477-86 [8289823] J Biol Chem. 1994 May 20;269(20):14333-6 [7514165] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 May 24;91(11):5002-6 [8197172] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 May 24;91(11):5007-11 [8197173] Trends Biochem Sci. 1994 May;19(5):222-7 [8048164] EMBO J. 1994 Aug 15;13(16):3763-71 [7520867] J Biol Chem. 1995 Feb 17;270(7):3327-34 [7531704] Cell. 1995 Feb 10;80(3):473-83 [7859288] Cell. 1995 Mar 10;80(5):729-38 [7889566] Cell. 1995 May 19;81(4):551-60 [7758109] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 May 12;1266(3):278-87 [7539296] Cell Growth Differ. 1995 Mar;6(3):303-7 [7794797] J Biol Chem. 1995 Jul 7;270(27):15974-8 [7608155] Science. 1995 Sep 22;269(5231):1721-3 [7569900] J Immunol. 1985 Jul;135(1):300-5 [3158703] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changing phosphorus content of the U.S. diet: potential for adverse effects on bone. AN - 78064014; 8642452 AB - The dietary intake of phosphorus in the United States is high relative to calcium. Intake estimates from the 1989-1991 Continuing Surveys of Food Intakes by Individuals conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture show that for both men and women, median calcium intakes do not meet the 1989 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for most age groups over 10 y of age, whereas phosphorus intakes exceed the RDAs for most age groups. The use of phosphorus-containing food additives in the processing of foods contributes substantially to the daily phosphorus intake, and their use is increasing. Because much of the phosphorus through food additive use is not reflected in the estimates of phosphorus intakes derived from national food consumption surveys, these estimates underestimate true dietary intakes of phosphorus. High phosphorus intake has been shown to cause secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone loss in several animal models. High phosphorus, low calcium consumption consistent with current observed intake levels resulted in changes in calcium-regulating hormones that were not conducive to optimizing peak bone mass in young women. Evidence that such high phosphorus intakes may impair synthesis of the active metabolite of vitamin D and disrupt calcium homeostasis particularly in older women are discussed. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Calvo, M S AU - Park, Y K AD - Office of Special Nutritionals, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 1168S EP - 80S VL - 126 IS - 4 Suppl SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Calcium, Dietary KW - 0 KW - Parathyroid Hormone KW - Phosphorus, Dietary KW - Calcitriol KW - FXC9231JVH KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Calcium, Dietary -- administration & dosage KW - Diet Surveys KW - Calcitriol -- blood KW - Parathyroid Hormone -- blood KW - Male KW - Female KW - Bone and Bones -- drug effects KW - Phosphorus, Dietary -- adverse effects KW - Bone and Bones -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78064014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Changing+phosphorus+content+of+the+U.S.+diet%3A+potential+for+adverse+effects+on+bone.&rft.au=Calvo%2C+M+S%3BPark%2C+Y+K&rft.aulast=Calvo&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=4+Suppl&rft.spage=1168S&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment of nongenotoxic carcinogens based upon cell proliferation/death rates in rodents. AN - 78023171; 8638041 AB - Increased cell proliferation increases the opportunity for transformations of normal cells to malignant cells via intermediate cells. Nongenotoxic cytotoxic carcinogens that increase cell proliferation rates to replace necrotic cells are likely to have a threshold dose for cytotoxicity below which necrosis and hence, carcinogenesis do not occur. Thus, low dose cancer risk estimates based upon nonthreshold, linear extrapolation are inappropriate for this situation. However, a threshold dose is questionable if a nongenotoxic carcinogen acts via a cell receptor. Also, a nongenotoxic carcinogen that increases the cell proliferation rate, via the cell division rate and/or cell removal rate by apoptosis, by augmenting an existing endogenous mechanism is not likely to have a threshold dose. Whether or not a threshold dose exists for nongenotoxic carcinogens, it is of interest to study the relationship between lifetime tumor incidence and the cell proliferation rate. The Moolgavkar-Venzon-Knudson biologically based stochastic two-stage clonal expansion model is used to describe a carcinogenic process. Because the variability in cell proliferation rates among animals often makes it impossible to detect changes of less than 20% in the rate, it is shown that small changes in the cell proliferation rate, that may be obscured by the background noise in rates, can produce large changes in the lifetime tumor incidence as calculated from the Moolgavkar-Venzon-Knudson model. That is, dose response curves for cell proliferation and tumor incidence do not necessarily mimic each other. This makes the use of no observed effect levels (NOELs) for cell proliferation rates often inadmissible for establishing acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) of nongenotoxic carcinogens. In those cases where low dose linearity is not likely, a potential alternative to a NOEL is a benchmark dose corresponding to a small increase in the cell proliferation rate, e.g., 1%, to which appropriate safety (uncertainty) factors can be applied to arrive at an ADI. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Zheng, Q AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 221 EP - 225 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- administration & dosage KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Cell Death -- drug effects KW - Models, Biological KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78023171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+of+nongenotoxic+carcinogens+based+upon+cell+proliferation%2Fdeath+rates+in+rodents.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BZheng%2C+Q&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Specific detection of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis using the polymerase chain reaction. AN - 78000459; 8620904 AB - An assay was developed for the specific detection of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis, using a novel application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This PCR assay is based on the mismatch amplification mutation assay, an allele-specific reaction, and can discriminate Enteritidis from all other salmonella. PCR primers were selected to amplify a 351-base pair (bp) DNA fragment from the salmonella plasmid virulence A (spv A) gene of Enteritidis. A single base difference at position 272 is present between the nucleotide sequence of the spvA gene of Enteritidis and other salmonellae. The downstream PCR primer, that encompasses position 272 of the Enteritidis spvA gene, was designed to contain a single base mismatch at the penultimate position, resulting in a 1-base mismatch with Enteritidis and a 2-base mismatch with other salmonellae that harbour the virulence plasmid. The upstream primer was completely homologous with the region immediately 5' to the spvA gene. When these primers were used and the annealing and extension reactions were performed at the same temperature, the PCR assay was specific for Enteritidis; no PCR product was detected for 40 other serotypes and 28 different genera examined. In pure culture, 120 colony forming units (c.f.u.) could be detected; a PCR product was observed from template derived from a 5 h enrichment broth culture of chicken seeded with 1 c.f.u. per gram of Enteritidis. This PCR assay is specific, reproducible, and less time consuming than the standard bacteriological methods used to detect Enteritidis. JF - Epidemiology and infection AU - Lampel, K A AU - Keasler, S P AU - Hanes, D E AD - Division of Molecular Biological Research and Evaluation, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 137 EP - 145 VL - 116 IS - 2 SN - 0950-2688, 0950-2688 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78000459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+infection&rft.atitle=Specific+detection+of+Salmonella+enterica+serotype+Enteritidis+using+the+polymerase+chain+reaction.&rft.au=Lampel%2C+K+A%3BKeasler%2C+S+P%3BHanes%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Lampel&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+infection&rft.issn=09502688&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Res Microbiol. 1989 Mar-Apr;140(3):263-5 [2559436] Infect Immun. 1987 Dec;55(12):2891-901 [3316027] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Jun;56(6):1536-40 [2200336] Epidemiol Infect. 1990 Aug;105(1):21-7 [2200698] Gene. 1990 Sep 1;93(1):147-50 [2227425] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1990 Dec 21;39(50):909-12 [2123514] J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Dec;28(12):2597-601 [2279988] Res Microbiol. 1990 Nov-Dec;141(9):1151-62 [2092366] Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1991 Feb;9(3):197-207 [1674354] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Mar;57(3):707-11 [2039231] Mol Microbiol. 1991 Feb;5(2):307-16 [2041471] Epidemiol Infect. 1992 Apr;108(2):213-20 [1316285] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1992 May 29;41(21):369-72 [1584195] J Gen Microbiol. 1988 Apr;134(4):975-82 [3053985] Boll Ist Sieroter Milan. 1988;67(1):43-8 [3066372] Microb Pathog. 1988 May;4(5):385-91 [3071656] FEBS Lett. 1989 Nov 6;257(2):274-8 [2684688] Avian Dis. 1992 Apr-Jun;36(2):324-33 [1627105] Mol Microbiol. 1992 May;6(10):1395-411 [1322485] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Dec;58(12):3809-15 [1476425] PCR Methods Appl. 1992 Aug;2(1):14-20 [1490171] Epidemiol Infect. 1993 Apr;110(2):227-37 [8472765] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 May;59(5):1473-9 [8517741] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jul;59(7):2161-5 [8357250] Avian Dis. 1993 Apr-Jun;37(2):501-7 [8363514] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1993 Oct 22;42(41):793-7 [8413165] Int J Food Microbiol. 1994 Jan;21(1-2):41-6 [8155477] Int J Food Microbiol. 1994 Jan;21(1-2):47-53 [8155478] Int J Food Microbiol. 1994 Jan;21(1-2):69-77 [7908822] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1994;48:401-26 [7826012] Avian Dis. 1994 Jul-Sep;38(3):598-604 [7832714] Epidemiol Infect. 1995 Feb;114(1):25-40 [7867741] Mol Cell Probes. 1995 Feb;9(1):9-18 [7760865] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1513-23 [388356] Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 11;12(1 Pt 1):387-95 [6546423] J Gen Microbiol. 1985 Jul;131(7):1815-23 [2995549] Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Feb 25;18(4):999-1005 [2179874] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recommendations to improve health risk communication: lessons learned from the U.S. Public Health Service. AN - 77911527; 10947360 AB - The growth in the public's concern over a variety of environmental health risks has placed new requirements and demands on U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) agencies for information that describes and explains the nature of risk in clear and comprehensible terms. Experience has shown, however, that merely disseminating information without reliance on communication principles can lead to ineffective health messages and public health actions. This article presents the findings of a study conducted by the Subcommittee on Risk Communication and Education of the Environmental Health Policy Committee (EHPC), PHS, on how PHS agencies are communicating information about health risk; how effective these communications have been; and what specific principles, strategies, and practices best promote effective health risk communication. The purpose of the Subcommittee's study was to develop specific recommendations that would help PHS decision makers and health risk communicators improve the effectiveness of health information provided to, and received from, the public. The study suggests fundamental principles drawn from a series of case studies from PHS agencies about how best to plan and carry out risk communication activities. JF - Journal of health communication AU - Tinker, T L AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 197 EP - 217 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1081-0730, 1081-0730 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - United States Public Health Service KW - Environmental Health KW - Communication KW - Health Education -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77911527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+health+communication&rft.atitle=Recommendations+to+improve+health+risk+communication%3A+lessons+learned+from+the+U.S.+Public+Health+Service.&rft.au=Tinker%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Tinker&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+health+communication&rft.issn=10810730&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2000-07-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Promoting Resilience in Youth with Chronic Conditions & Their Families. AN - 62553305; ED398687 AB - This monograph for health care professionals considers the impact that chronic illness and disability have on youth and their families and provides information on adapting principles of family-centered care to promote resilience in adolescents and their families. The monograph stresses the need for community systems of comprehensive services integrated with education, social services, mental health, and family support programs. The eight principles of family-centered care include: (1) recognizing that the family is the constant in an adolescent's life, while service systems and support personnel fluctuate; (2) facilitating adolescent, family, and professional collaboration at all levels of health care; (3) sharing unbiased and complete information among adolescents, families, and professionals in a supportive manner; (4) recognizing strengths and individuality while respecting different methods of coping and honoring cultural diversity; (5) implementing appropriate policies and programs that are comprehensive in therms of providing emotional and financial support to meet the needs of adolescents and their families; (6) understanding and incorporating the developmental needs of adolescents and their families into health care; (7) encouraging and facilitating peer and family-to-family support and networking; and (8) assuring that the design of health care delivery systems is responsive to adolescent and family needs. Family assessment is explained with a sample family genogram illustrated. Strategies that promote the healthy functioning of adolescents with chronic illness and disability and their families are addressed. Collaboration between adolescents, families, and providers during the process of transition is emphasized. (Contains 24 references, and a list of 17 resources whose programs provide direct services to youth and their families, or to individuals, families, and providers. (CR) AU - Garwick, Ann E. AU - Millar, E. H. Y1 - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DA - April 1996 SP - 30 PB - National Maternal & Child Health Clearinghouse, 2070 Chain Bridge Rd., Suite 450, Vienna, VA 22182-2536. KW - Resilience (Personality) KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Health Programs KW - Family Characteristics KW - Integrated Services KW - Cooperative Programs KW - Community Cooperation KW - Chronic Illness KW - Family Needs KW - Guidelines KW - Delivery Systems KW - Family Life KW - Student Development KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Health Needs KW - Cultural Awareness KW - Family Programs KW - Program Implementation KW - Disabilities KW - Peer Influence KW - Family Problems KW - Coping KW - Adolescents KW - Medical Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62553305?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolution of our understanding of methylmercury as a health threat. AN - 36362137; 201002-31-0247392 (CE); 11701736 (EN) AB - Methylmercury (MeHg) is recognized as one of the most hazardous environmental pollutants, primarily due to endemic disasters that have occurred repeatedly. A review of the earlier literature on the Minamata outbreak shows how large-scale poisoning occurred and why it could not be prevented. With the repeated occurrences of MeHg poisoning, it gradually became clear that the fetus is much more susceptible to the toxicity of this compound than the adult. Thus, recent epidemiologic studies in several fish-eating populations have focused on the effects of in utero exposure to MeHg. Also, there have been many studies on neurobehavioral effects of in utero exposure to methylmercury in rodents and nonhuman primates. The results of these studies revealed that the effects encompass a wide range of behavioral categories without clear identification of the functional categories distinctively susceptible to MeHg. The overall neurotoxicity of MeHg in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents appears to have similarities. However, several gaps exist between the human and animal studies. By using the large body of neurotoxicologic data obtained in human populations and filling in such gaps, we can use MeHg as a model agent for developing a specific battery of tests of animal behavior to predict human risks resulting from in utero exposure to other chemicals with unknown neurotoxicity. Approaches developing such a battery are also discussed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Watanabe, C AU - Satoh, H AD - Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. PY - 1996 SP - 367 EP - 379 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Human KW - Battery KW - Categories KW - Primates KW - Populations KW - Health KW - Mathematical models KW - Electric batteries KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36362137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+our+understanding+of+methylmercury+as+a+health+threat.&rft.au=Watanabe%2C+C%3BSatoh%2C+H&rft.aulast=Watanabe&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurobehavioral aspects of developmental toxicity testing. AN - 36344508; 201002-31-0247391 (CE); 11701735 (EN) AB - Tests for detection of neurobehavioral changes in the offspring have been a regulatory requirement in developmental toxicity testing of drugs for almost 20 years. Keeping their purpose of hazard identification and risk assessment for humans in mind, investigators and agency reviewers have become deeply ingrained with some stereotyped behaviors with respect to such relevant issues as choice of animal species and data evaluation. Other problematic areas of study design and conduct, selection of litter representatives for testing, what methods to combine in a testing battery, and statistical treatment of results and their interpretation, will need more research and discussion in the future. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ulbrich, B AU - Palmer, A K AD - Bundesinstitut fur Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, Berlin, Germany. PY - 1996 SP - 407 EP - 412 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Toxicity testing KW - Litter KW - Battery KW - Human KW - Risk assessment KW - Health KW - Electric batteries KW - Hazard identification KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36344508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Neurobehavioral+aspects+of+developmental+toxicity+testing.&rft.au=Ulbrich%2C+B%3BPalmer%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Ulbrich&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment for neurobehavioral toxicity: SGOMSEC joint report. AN - 36343283; 201002-31-0247397 (CE); 11701741 (EN) AB - Behavioral end points for neurotoxicity risk assessment have been developed and examined over the past three decades. They are now ready to move from simple qualitative guidelines, such as exemplified by reference doses, to more quantitative models, such as benchmark doses, based on dose-response information. Risk assessors, confronted by a wider array of methodologies and data than in the past, should be offered guidance in interpretation because now they have to deal with unaccustomed questions and problems. These include reversibility, susceptible populations, multiple end points, and the details of dose-response and dose-effect distributions. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hattis, D AU - Glowa, J AU - Tilson, H AU - Ulbrich, B AD - Marsh Institute Center for Technology, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 217 EP - 226 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Risk assessment KW - Guidelines KW - Arrays KW - Toxicity KW - Benchmarking KW - Health KW - Mathematical models KW - Risk KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36343283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+for+neurobehavioral+toxicity%3A+SGOMSEC+joint+report.&rft.au=Hattis%2C+D%3BGlowa%2C+J%3BTilson%2C+H%3BUlbrich%2C+B&rft.aulast=Hattis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuropsychological approaches for the detection and evaluation of toxic symptoms. AN - 36337371; 201002-31-0247393 (CE); 11701737 (EN) AB - The purpose of this paper is 3-fold: a) to review briefly the neuropsychological tests that have been used to evaluate the effects of neurotoxicants; b) to identify individual factors that may create heightened sensitivity to neurotoxicants; and c) to discuss test parameters that will increase the sensitivity of neuropsychological tests for detecting symptoms in low-level exposure situations. While the body of literature on neurobehavioral toxicology has increased dramatically during the past 10 years, it remains difficult to discern which tests are most effective in detecting behavioral effects even among workers with significant exposures. Few investigators have evaluated the interactions between individual differences, such as gender and psychiatric function, and exposure to neurotoxicants. Detection of behavioral performance decrements among uniquely susceptible populations such as those with sensitivities to low-level exposures (e.g., multiple chemical sensitivities) will require more difficult tests than are frequently used in current neuropsychological test batteries. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fiedler, N AD - UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA. nfiedler@eohsi.rutgers.edu PY - 1996 SP - 239 EP - 245 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Toxicology KW - Populations KW - Health KW - Batteries KW - Multiple chemical sensitivity KW - Toxic KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36337371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Neuropsychological+approaches+for+the+detection+and+evaluation+of+toxic+symptoms.&rft.au=Fiedler%2C+N&rft.aulast=Fiedler&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Appropriate end points for the characterization of behavioral changes in developmental toxicology. AN - 36336761; 201002-31-0247394 (CE); 11701738 (EN) AB - The present paper is devoted to second- and higher-tier test methods for the characterization of behavioral changes produced in rodents by exposure to noxious agents during development. The paper analyzes a series of end points that are informative about specific processes and underlying regulatory mechanisms but require greater technical sophistication and larger investments than first-tier end points. This applies to ultrasonic emissions in successive postnatal periods; to mother-pup interactions, including appropriate cross-fostering controls; to social (including sexual) interaction tests from the infantile to the young adult stage; and to a variety of conditioning and learning tests using both positive and negative reinforcement. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Cuomo, V AU - De Salvia, M A AU - Petruzzi, S AU - Alleva, E AD - Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bari, Italy. PY - 1996 SP - 307 EP - 315 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Rodents KW - Reinforcement KW - Learning KW - Emission analysis KW - Ultrasonic testing KW - Toxicology KW - Emissions control KW - Adults KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36336761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Appropriate+end+points+for+the+characterization+of+behavioral+changes+in+developmental+toxicology.&rft.au=Cuomo%2C+V%3BDe+Salvia%2C+M+A%3BPetruzzi%2C+S%3BAlleva%2C+E&rft.aulast=Cuomo&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lessons for neurotoxicology from selected model compounds: SGOMSEC joint report. AN - 36329204; 201002-31-0247396 (CE); 11701740 (EN) AB - The ability to identify potential neurotoxicants depends upon the characteristics of our test instruments. The neurotoxic properties of lead, methylmercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organic solvents would all have been detected at some dose level by tests in current use, provided that the doses were high enough and administered at an appropriate time such as during gestation. The adequacy of animal studies, particularly rodent studies, to predict intake levels at which human health can be protected is disappointing, however. It is unlikely that the use of advanced behavioral methodology would alleviate the apparent lack of sensitivity of the rodent model for many agents. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rice, D C AU - Evangelista de Duffard, A M AU - Duffard, R AU - Iregren, A AU - Satoh, H AU - Watanabe, C AD - Banting Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. drice@bcad1.food.hwc.ca PY - 1996 SP - 205 EP - 215 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Rodents KW - Gestation KW - Health KW - Intakes KW - Solvents KW - Human KW - Adequacy KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36329204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Lessons+for+neurotoxicology+from+selected+model+compounds%3A+SGOMSEC+joint+report.&rft.au=Rice%2C+D+C%3BEvangelista+de+Duffard%2C+A+M%3BDuffard%2C+R%3BIregren%2C+A%3BSatoh%2C+H%3BWatanabe%2C+C&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comprehensive neurotoxicity assessment. AN - 36322699; 201002-31-0247395 (CE); 11701739 (EN) AB - Significant progress has been made in recent years in terms of both the conceptualization of neurotoxicity assessment strategies as well as in the development of behavioral techniques for evaluating neurotoxic exposures. A tiered approach, for example, has been advocated as an assessment strategy in which testing would proceed in a stepwise fashion from general screening using simple behavioral methods and neuropathology (tier 1) to the characterization of effects (tier 2) using more specific testing techniques. With respect to tier-1 testing, behavioral observational methods have been standardized for screening purposes, and these technically simple techniques, together with automated methods for motor activity assessment, are being increasingly incorporated into chemical and drug safety evaluations for regulatory purposes. With respect to tier-2 testing, more technically sophisticated techniques and behavioral paradigms are available for characterizing the behavioral effects of chemical exposures on motor, sensory, and cognitive processes. Paradigms involving learned and unlearned behavior, for example, have been described for quantifying a variety of clinical signs of motor impairment including paretic gait disorders, tremor, and coordination deficits. Likewise, robust noninvasive behavioral methods capable of tracking changes in visual, auditory, and somatosensory thresholds during the course of exposure are also available. With respect to cognitive testing, numerous maze and operant techniques and paradigms measuring different aspects of performance, learning, and memory have been elaborated. This paper presents an overview of behavioral techniques currently used to assess neurotoxicity in adult laboratory animals and discusses their application to hazard identification and other areas of risk assessment. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kulig, B M AD - Department of Neurotoxicology and Reproduction Toxicology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Rijswijk, The Netherlands kulig@voeding.tno.nl PY - 1996 SP - 317 EP - 322 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Assessments KW - Motors KW - Exposure KW - Strategy KW - Screening KW - Observational method KW - Adults KW - Impairment KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36322699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Comprehensive+neurotoxicity+assessment.&rft.au=Kulig%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Kulig&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-04-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potent tumorigenicity of 7-chlorobenz[a]anthracene and 7-bromobenz[a]anthracene in the neonatal B6C3F (1) male mouse. AN - 78017731; 8625280 AB - The tumorigenicity of 7-chlorobenz[a]anthracene (7-Cl-BA, and environmental contaminant, and 7 bromobenz[a]anthracene (7-Br-BA) was determines in the male B6C3F(1) newborn mouse. Mice receiving 7-Cl-BA and 7-Br-BA by i.p. injections at a dose of 1600 nmol per mouse on 1, 8, and 15 days after birth developed 92 and 96% hepatocellular adenomas, and 100 and 83% hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. Metabolism by liver microsomes of 15-day-old mice each produced the corresponding trans-3,4-dihydrodiol. Analysis by (32)P-postlabeling/HPLC indicated the presence of DNA adducts derived from 7-Cl-BA trans-3,4-dihydrodiol and 7-Br-BA trans-3,4-dihydrodiol. Our results indicate that both 7-Cl-BA and 7-Br-BA are potent carcinogens and that bay-region diol epoxides are the ultimate metabolites that lead to DNA adduct formation and tumor initiation. JF - Cancer letters AU - Fu, P P AU - Von Tungeln, L S AU - Zhan, D J AU - Bucci, T AD - Department of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/03/19/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Mar 19 SP - 37 EP - 42 VL - 101 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Anthracenes KW - 0 KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - 7-chlorobenz(a)anthracene KW - 20268-52-4 KW - 7-bromobenzanthracene KW - 32795-84-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Biotransformation KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Male KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Anthracenes -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes -- toxicity KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes -- metabolism KW - Anthracenes -- toxicity KW - Anthracenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Benz(a)Anthracenes -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78017731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Potent+tumorigenicity+of+7-chlorobenz%5Ba%5Danthracene+and+7-bromobenz%5Ba%5Danthracene+in+the+neonatal+B6C3F+%281%29+male+mouse.&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+L+S%3BZhan%2C+D+J%3BBucci%2C+T&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-03-19&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-21 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parenterally administered 3-nitropropionic acid and amphetamine can combine to produce damage to terminals and cell bodies in the striatum. AN - 78112933; 8814896 AB - The combined effects of amphetamine (AMPH) and 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) were investigated to determine how the energy depletion proposed to be produced by AMPH interacts with an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration to produce striatal neurotoxicity. Neither two doses (2 h apart) of 3.75 mg/kg AMPH alone nor a single dose of 30 mg/kg 3-NPA i.p. produced neurotoxicity in the striatum or lowered striatal dopamine content in rat. Administration of 40 mg/kg of 3-NPA alone almost invariably produced either lethality or did not produce neurotoxicity in the striatum of surviving animals. However, 30 mg/kg of 3-NPA administered along with 2 doses of 3.75 mg/kg AMPH to 47 animals produced striatal damage in the 31 survivors with 15 of the surviving rats showing muscle rigidity/catatonia for several days after dosing, along with decreased food consumption. Thirteen of these 15 rats showed degeneration of axons and cell bodies in the medial caudate-putamen with minimal damage to the globus pallidus. However, two rats exhibited hindlimb paralysis and signs of axonal and neuronal soma degeneration in the thalamus and cerebellar nuclei as well as striatum. Sixteen of the rats given both AMPH and 3-NPA exhibited only torpidity and loss of muscle tone 1-3 h after dosing. Such rats showed no signs of neuronal cell degeneration in the striatum, but did show significant dopamine depletions (60% of control) and reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity at 14 days postexposure. The mitochondrial dysfunction produced by 3-NPA combined with activation of neuronal pathways by AMPH may have predisposed terminals, axons and cell bodies in striatum to degeneration. JF - Brain research AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Clausing, P AU - Schmued, L AU - Davies, D L AU - Binienda, Z AU - Newport, G D AU - Scallet, A C AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/03/18/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Mar 18 SP - 221 EP - 229 VL - 712 IS - 2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Biogenic Monoamines KW - 0 KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants KW - Neurotoxins KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Propionates KW - Amphetamine KW - CK833KGX7E KW - 3-nitropropionic acid KW - QY4L0FOX0D KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Nerve Degeneration -- drug effects KW - Drug Interactions KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Biogenic Monoamines -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Silver Staining KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Functional Laterality -- drug effects KW - Presynaptic Terminals -- ultrastructure KW - Presynaptic Terminals -- drug effects KW - Neostriatum -- metabolism KW - Propionates -- toxicity KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- toxicity KW - Amphetamine -- toxicity KW - Neurotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Neostriatum -- drug effects KW - Amphetamine -- administration & dosage KW - Neostriatum -- cytology KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- administration & dosage KW - Propionates -- administration & dosage KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78112933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Parenterally+administered+3-nitropropionic+acid+and+amphetamine+can+combine+to+produce+damage+to+terminals+and+cell+bodies+in+the+striatum.&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BClausing%2C+P%3BSchmued%2C+L%3BDavies%2C+D+L%3BBinienda%2C+Z%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BScallet%2C+A+C%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-03-18&rft.volume=712&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Cultural Competence in Serving Children and Adolescents with Mental Health Problems. Factsheet. AN - 62243323; ED461221 AB - This factsheet discusses the goals and principles that govern the development of culturally competent mental health programs for children and adolescents and their families. Principles include: (1) the family is the consumer and usually the focus of treatment and services; (2) Americans with diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds may have a unique set of mental health issues that must be recognized and addressed; (3) service providers must respect different cultures and build upon their own cultural knowledge as well as the families' strengths; (4) differences between the world views of providers and consumers must be acknowledged and addressed; (5) cultural knowledge and sensitivity must be incorporated into program policy-making, administration, and services; (6) natural helping networks such as neighborhood organizations should be respected and, when appropriate, included in the treatment plan; (7) in culturally competent systems of care, the community, as well as the family, determines direction and goals; (8) programs must tailor services to their consumer populations; and (9) when boards and programs include staff who share the cultural background of their consumers, the programs tend to be more effective. Further recommendations for culturally competent programs are made for the policy-making, administration, and service provider levels. (CR) Y1 - 1996/03/14/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Mar 14 SP - 5 PB - http://www, mentalhealthorg KW - Cultural Competence KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Emotional Disturbances KW - Cultural Awareness KW - Behavior Disorders KW - Minority Group Children KW - Family Programs KW - Delivery Systems KW - Mental Health Programs KW - Cultural Differences KW - Cross Cultural Training KW - Mental Health Workers KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62243323?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Based on Terry L. Cross, Karl W. Dennis, Mareasa R N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consumer knowledge of foodborne microbial hazards and food-handling practices. AN - 78766822; 10463448 AB - A national telephone survey was conducted of 1,620 randomly selected U.S. residents who spoke English, were at least 18 years old, and resided in households with kitchen facilities. Respondents were interviewed about their recognition of foodborne pathogens, foods at risk for transmitting infection, knowledge of safe food handling, and food-handling practices. One-third of the respondents who prepared meals reported unsafe food hygiene practices: e.g., they did not wash hands or take precautions to prevent cross-contamination from raw meat. Unsafe practices were reported more often by men, adults 18 to 29 years of age, and occasional food preparers than by women, persons 30 years old or older, and frequent food preparers. Respondents who identified a food vehicle for Salmonella spp. were more likely to report washing their hands and cleaning cutting boards after preparing raw meat and poultry. The results raise concerns about consumer food-handling practices. The influence of food safety training, food-handling experience, and age on food-handling practices should be studied further. Awareness of a food vehicle for Salmonella spp., for example, may indicate knowledge of the etiology of foodborne disease that promotes safe food handling. Understanding the factors associated with safe food handling will assist in development of effective safe-food instruction programs. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Street, D A AU - Fein, S B AU - Levy, A S AD - Division of Market Studies, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 287 EP - 294 VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Telephone KW - Hand Disinfection KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Community Participation KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Data Collection KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Food Microbiology KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Food Handling KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78766822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Consumer+knowledge+of+foodborne+microbial+hazards+and+food-handling+practices.&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S+F%3BStreet%2C+D+A%3BFein%2C+S+B%3BLevy%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-10-22 N1 - Date created - 1999-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dog bites: how big a problem? AN - 78755272; 9346056 AB - To estimate the magnitude of the dog bite problem in the US. Data on dog bites were gathered as part of a 1994 national telephone survey of 5,238 randomly dialed households. Data were weighted to provide national estimates. The weighted total number of dog bites was 4,494,083 (estimated incidence = 18/1,000 population); of these, 756,701 persons sustained bites necessitating medical attention (incidence rate = 3/1,000). Children had 3.2 times higher medically attended bite rates than adults (6.4/1,000 children v 2/1,000 adults). More attention and research needs to be devoted to the prevention of dog bites. Potential prevention strategies include: educational programs on canine behavior, especially directed at children; laws for regulating dangerous or vicious dogs; enhanced animal control programs; and educational programs regarding responsible dog ownership and training. Unfortunately, the relative or absolute effectiveness of any of these strategies has not been assessed. Continuing surveillance for dog bites will be needed if we are to better understand how to reduce the incidence of dog bites and evaluate prevention efforts. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Sacks, J J AU - Kresnow, M AU - Houston, B AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 52 EP - 54 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Adult KW - Sampling Studies KW - Incidence KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Bites and Stings -- prevention & control KW - Dogs KW - Accident Prevention KW - Bites and Stings -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78755272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Dog+bites%3A+how+big+a+problem%3F&rft.au=Sacks%2C+J+J%3BKresnow%2C+M%3BHouston%2C+B&rft.aulast=Sacks&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1997-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1994 Apr 15;204(8):1166-7 [8014085] Public Health Rep. 1974 Jul-Aug;89(4):377-81 [4210544] JACEP. 1979 Apr;8(4):134-41 [430939] JAMA. 1984 Jun 22-29;251(24):3265-7 [6727001] Public Health Rep. 1985 May-Jun;100(3):315-21 [3923540] JAMA. 1989 Sep 15;262(11):1489-92 [2769900] J R Soc Health. 1991 Dec;111(6):224-5 [1791596] Accid Anal Prev. 1992 Dec;24(6):685-7 [1388588] Eur J Epidemiol. 1992 Jul;8(4):619-24 [1397233] Bull World Health Organ. 1993;71(5):615-24 [8261565] Pediatrics. 1994 Jun;93(6 Pt 1):913-7 [8190576] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hypersensitivity reactions and specific antibodies in workers exposed to industrial enzymes at a biotechnology plant. AN - 78557825; 8935788 AB - Thirty-six employees who produced industrial enzymes from selected strains of bacteria and fungi were evaluated by epicutaneous threshold testing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for specific IgE and IgG antibodies. The workers complained of 'asthma- and flu-like' symptoms, which generally lessened away from work. The enzymes evaluated were: alpha-amylase (1,4-alpha-d-glucan glucanohydrolase) from Bacillus licheniformis (alpha ABl), B. subtilis formation 1 (alpha A1Bs) and B. subtilis formation 2 (alpha A2Bs); purified alpha-amylase from B. licheniformis (C alpha ABl) and A. oryzae (C alpha AAo); alkaline protease from B. licheniformis (APBl) and purified alkaline protease (CAPBl); amyloglucosidase (1,4-alpha-d-glucan glucohydrolase) from A. niger (AGAn) and purified amyloglucosidase (CAGAn). Statistically significant increases (P > 0.05) in the proportion of workers having positive skin tests to CAPBl, AGAn and CAGAn were found. Significantly elevated (P > 0.05) mean specific IgE results were observed for C alpha AAo CAGAn and AGAn, and elevated (P > 0.05) mean specific IgGs were observed for C alpha AAo, CAGAn, AGAn, alpha A1Bs, alpha AB1 and alpha A2Bs. These results indicate that occupational exposure to some industrial enzymes can cause immediate-onset cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, pulmonary function deficits and significantly elevated specific antibody levels. Our results are equivocal as to whether work-related respiratory and cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions are antibody mediated, as there was no statistically significant association between these reactions and specific IgE or IgG levels. JF - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT AU - Biagini, R E AU - Driscoll, R J AU - Bernstein, D I AU - Wilcox, T G AU - Henningsen, G M AU - MacKenzie, B A AU - Burr, G A AU - Scinto, J D AU - Baumgardner, E S AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 139 EP - 145 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - Glycogen Debranching Enzyme System KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - alpha-Amylases KW - EC 3.2.1.1 KW - amylo-1,6-glucosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.33 KW - Serine Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.21.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Immunoglobulin E -- immunology KW - Skin Tests KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Middle Aged KW - Immunoglobulin G -- immunology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Biotechnology KW - Glycogen Debranching Enzyme System -- adverse effects KW - Drug Hypersensitivity -- immunology KW - Occupational Diseases -- immunology KW - Drug Hypersensitivity -- etiology KW - Serine Endopeptidases -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - alpha-Amylases -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78557825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.atitle=Hypersensitivity+reactions+and+specific+antibodies+in+workers+exposed+to+industrial+enzymes+at+a+biotechnology+plant.&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E%3BDriscoll%2C+R+J%3BBernstein%2C+D+I%3BWilcox%2C+T+G%3BHenningsen%2C+G+M%3BMacKenzie%2C+B+A%3BBurr%2C+G+A%3BScinto%2C+J+D%3BBaumgardner%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-22 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organohalogen and organophosphorus pesticides in mixed feed rations: findings from FDA's domestic surveillance during fiscal years 1989-1994. AN - 78551504; 8920144 AB - During Fiscal Years 1989-1994, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) collected and analyzed 545 domestic surveillance samples of mixed feed rations (172 for cattle, 125 for poultry, 83 for swine, 61 for pets, 56 for fish, and 48 miscellaneous). All samples were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography for organohalogen and organophosphorus pesticides. Of the 545 samples, 88 (16.1%) did not contain detectable pesticide residues. In the 457 samples with detectable pesticide levels, 804 residues (654 quantitable and 150 trace) were found. None of these 804 residues exceeded regulatory guidance. Malathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and pirimiphos-methyl were the most commonly detected pesticides. These 5 organophosphorus pesticides accounted for 93.4% of all pesticide residues detected (malathion, 52.9%; chlorpyrifos-methyl, 25.2%; diazinon, 7.7%; chlorpyrifos, 4.9%; and pirimiphos-methyl, 2.7%). Their median values in samples containing quantitable levels ranged from 0.014 to 0.098 ppm. The most commonly detected organohalogen compounds were methoxychlor, DDE, PCB, dieldrin, pentachloronitrobenzene, and lindane. These 6 compounds combined accounted for only 4.1% of all residues detected. FDA is continuing its pesticide surveillance of feeds to help ensure animal safety and prevent violative residues in food derived from animals. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Lovell, R A AU - McChesney, D G AU - Price, W D AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 544 EP - 548 VL - 79 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- statistics & numerical data KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78551504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Organohalogen+and+organophosphorus+pesticides+in+mixed+feed+rations%3A+findings+from+FDA%27s+domestic+surveillance+during+fiscal+years+1989-1994.&rft.au=Lovell%2C+R+A%3BMcChesney%2C+D+G%3BPrice%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Lovell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=544&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particulate air pollution and respiratory disease in Anchorage, Alaska. AN - 78540327; 8919767 AB - This paper examines the associations between average daily particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) and temperature with daily outpatient visits for respiratory disease including asthma, bronchitis, and upper respiratory illness in Anchorage, Alaska, where there are few industrial sources of air pollution. In Anchorage, PM10 is composed primarily of earth crustal material and volcanic ash. Carbon monoxide is measured only during the winter months. The number of outpatients visits for respiratory diagnoses during the period 1 May 1992 to 1 March 1994 were derived from medical insurance claims for state and municipal employees and their dependents covered by Aetna insurance. The data were filtered to reduce seasonal trends and serial autocorrelation and adjusted for day of the week. The results show that an increase of 10 micrograms/m3 in PM10 resulted in a 3-6% increase in visits for asthma and a 1-3% increase in visits for upper respiratory diseases. Winter CO concentrations were significantly associated with bronchitis and upper respiratory illness, but not with asthma. Winter CO was highly correlated with automobile exhaust emissions. These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies of particulate pollution in other urban areas and provide evidence that the coarse fraction of PM10 may affect the health of working people. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Gordian, M E AU - Ozkaynak, H AU - Xue, J AU - Morris, S S AU - Spengler, J D AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Municipality of Anchorage, AK 99519-6650, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 290 EP - 297 VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ambulatory Care -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Seasons KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Temperature KW - Carbon Monoxide -- adverse effects KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- etiology KW - Bronchitis -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Infections -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78540327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Particulate+air+pollution+and+respiratory+disease+in+Anchorage%2C+Alaska.&rft.au=Gordian%2C+M+E%3BOzkaynak%2C+H%3BXue%2C+J%3BMorris%2C+S+S%3BSpengler%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Gordian&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-10 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Risk Anal. 1987 Dec;7(4):449-61 [3444932] Am J Public Health. 1995 Oct;85(10):1361-5 [7573618] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Sep;144(3 Pt 1):668-74 [1892309] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 May;145(5):1123-8 [1586057] Environ Res. 1992 Dec;59(2):362-73 [1464289] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Apr;147(4):826-31 [8466116] Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Jun 15;137(12):1287-301 [8333411] Am J Epidemiol. 1994 Mar 15;139(6):589-98 [8172170] Arch Environ Health. 1994 May-Jun;49(3):170-4 [8185387] Annu Rev Public Health. 1994;15:107-32 [8054077] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Sep;150(3):648-55 [8087333] Arch Environ Health. 1994 Sep-Oct;49(5):366-74 [7944569] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Mar;151(3 Pt 1):669-74 [7881654] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Mar;103(3):286-9 [7768231] Environ Res. 1991 Apr;54(2):99-120 [2029880] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Robotic automated analysis of foods for aflatoxin. AN - 78532842; 8920133 AB - Immunoaffinity column-based sample preparation procedures for determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in several food matrixes and aflatoxin M1 in milk have been automated by using flexible automation, or robotics. Components used to assemble the system were purchased commercially or developed and built in-house. A liquid-level sensor developed in-house to assist elution of the immunoaffinity column is described. After immunoaffinity column cleanup, aflatoxins are separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and determined by fluorescence without derivatization. Mean recoveries of aflatoxins B1, B2, and G1 added to corn and nuts at 9-36 ng/g total aflatoxins were > 85% (coefficient of variation [CV] = 16%). Recoveries of aflatoxin G2 averaged 50% (CV = 28%). Recoveries of aflatoxin M1 added to milk at 0.12-0.50 ng/mL averaged 78% (CV = 19%). The ability of the automated system to reproduce its results is demonstrated by the fact that the CV of replicate assays is generally better than 10%. Comparability between the automated procedure and the AOAC official method is demonstrated. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Carman, A S AU - Kuan, S S AU - Ware, G M AU - Umrigar, P P AU - Miller, K V AU - Guerrero, H G AD - Natural Toxins Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, New Orleans, LA 70122-3896, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 456 EP - 464 VL - 79 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, Affinity KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Nuts -- chemistry KW - Quality Control KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Robotics KW - Food Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78532842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Robotic+automated+analysis+of+foods+for+aflatoxin.&rft.au=Carman%2C+A+S%3BKuan%2C+S+S%3BWare%2C+G+M%3BUmrigar%2C+P+P%3BMiller%2C+K+V%3BGuerrero%2C+H+G&rft.aulast=Carman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=456&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health care worker exposure to aerosolized ribavirin: biological and air monitoring. AN - 78461210; 8882097 AB - Aerosolized ribavirin is administered frequently to treat severe respiratory syncytial virus infections. The drug's potential reproductive effects in occupationally exposed workers remains a concern among health care workers. In this evaluation, we measured urinary ribavirin concentrations in occupationally exposed health care workers. Ribavirin was detected in 16 of 26 (62%) post-work-shift urine samples that had been provided by nurses, and in five of 22 (23%) post-work-shift urine samples that had been provided by respiratory therapists (range, < 0.01 to 0.22 mumol/L). We also measured airborne ribavirin concentrations in the personal breathing zones of nurses. Ventilators and other administration units that were enclosed by an aerosol containment tent produced significantly lower airborne ribavirin exposures than administration units without a containment tent did (range, < 2.5 to 78 micrograms/m3). On the basis of this and other evaluations of airborne ribavirin concentrations, we recommend using aerosol containment systems with all types of ribavirin administration units except mechanical ventilators. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Shults, R A AU - Baron, S AU - Decker, J AU - Deitchman, S D AU - Connor, J D AD - Division of Surveillance, Health Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 257 EP - 263 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - Ribavirin KW - 49717AWG6K KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Aerosols -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Sampling Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Urinalysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Antiviral Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Antiviral Agents -- urine KW - Ribavirin -- therapeutic use KW - Health Personnel KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Antiviral Agents -- adverse effects KW - Ribavirin -- urine KW - Ribavirin -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78461210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Health+care+worker+exposure+to+aerosolized+ribavirin%3A+biological+and+air+monitoring.&rft.au=Shults%2C+R+A%3BBaron%2C+S%3BDecker%2C+J%3BDeitchman%2C+S+D%3BConnor%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Shults&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro anticryptosporidial activity of dinitroaniline herbicides. AN - 78434454; 8867379 AB - Despite the evaluation of over 100 antimicrobial drugs, the diarrheal disease cryptosporidiosis has remained refractory to treatment. We report the evaluation of five dinitroaniline herbicides including trifluralin, profluralin, nitralin, pendimethalin, and fluchloralin for anticryptosporidial activity in an in vitro cultivation model of Cryptosporidium parvum. All five compounds exhibited significant anticryptosporidial activities with no corresponding evidence of toxicity. The most active compound was pendimethalin with an IC50 of 0.19 microM while nitralin was the least active with an IC50 of 4.5 microM. These compounds should be evaluated further in an animal model of cryptosporidiosis. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Arrowood, M J AU - Mead, J R AU - Xie, L AU - You, X AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. mja0/ciddpd2.em.cdc.gov Y1 - 1996/03/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Mar 01 SP - 245 EP - 249 VL - 136 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Herbicides KW - Indoles KW - Lactones KW - Nitro Compounds KW - profluralin KW - 36W2L722UX KW - DAPI KW - 47165-04-8 KW - maduramicin KW - 5U912U22T2 KW - fluchloralin KW - 98UIF19AH9 KW - Trifluralin KW - C8BX46QL7K KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kidney Tubules, Distal -- cytology KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Lactones -- pharmacology KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Cattle KW - Cell Line -- parasitology KW - Feces -- parasitology KW - Dogs KW - Nitro Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Trifluralin -- pharmacology KW - Cryptosporidium parvum -- drug effects KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Aniline Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Trifluralin -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78434454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=In+vitro+anticryptosporidial+activity+of+dinitroaniline+herbicides.&rft.au=Arrowood%2C+M+J%3BMead%2C+J+R%3BXie%2C+L%3BYou%2C+X&rft.aulast=Arrowood&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of quinoxaline by Streptomyces badius. AN - 78405945; 8852347 AB - Quinoxaline, a mutagenic azaarene produced in foods during cooking, was added to cultures of Streptomyces badius ATCC 39117. After 24 h, the cultures were extracted with ethyl acetate. Two major metabolites were purified by liquid chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinoxalinone and 2(1H)-quinoxalinone. JF - Letters in applied microbiology AU - Sutherland, J B AU - Evans, F E AU - Freeman, J P AU - Williams, A J AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. jsutherland@fdant.nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 199 EP - 201 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Quinoxalines KW - Biotechnology KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Biotransformation KW - Food Analysis KW - Mutagens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Streptomyces -- metabolism KW - Quinoxalines -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78405945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+quinoxaline+by+Streptomyces+badius.&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+J+B%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BWilliams%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline)-DNA adduct formation in rat liver and human uroepithelial cells by the 32P postlabeling assay. AN - 78387719; 8812257 AB - The probable human carcinogen 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) was utilized to develop biomarkers of exposure to occupational carcinogens. The 32P postlabeling assay, utilizing the nuclease P1 enhancement procedure, was used to evaluate MOCA-DNA adduct formation in target tissues. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with different dosing regimens of MOCA, and DNA was isolated from the liver. Additionally, a human uroepithelial cell (HUC) line was treated with N-hydroxy-MOCA for 24 hr, cells were harvested, and DNA was isolated. DNA was analyzed for MOCA-DNA adduct formation by the 32P postlabeling assay. Five MOCA adducts were detected in rat liver DNA. Adduct A, which corresponded to N-(deoxyadenosin-8-yl)-4-amino-3-chlorobenzyl alcohol, was the major adduct in rat liver DNA appearing in all treatment groups. Levels of adduct A were higher when MOCA was administered by ip injection versus oral gavage. Phenobarbital pretreatment increased the amount of adduct A approximately 12-fold. The pathway leading to the formation of adduct A in DNA from HUC appeared to be saturated at the concentrations used: 2.5, 5, and 10 microM. However, an additional adduct (E) was observed at the 10 microM treatment level only. A major DNA adduct was detected in the target tissue of rats and target human cells for MOCA-induced carcinogenesis, thus making it useful as a biomarker of exposure. Other DNA adducts were also observed with the different doses and routes of exposure investigated. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - DeBord, D G AU - Cheever, K L AU - Werren, D M AU - Reid, T M AU - Swearengin, T F AU - Savage, R E AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 138 EP - 144 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) KW - 3L2W5VTT2A KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Epithelium -- drug effects KW - Urinary Tract -- drug effects KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Mitotic Index -- drug effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - DNA -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78387719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+4%2C4%27-methylene-bis%282-chloroaniline%29-DNA+adduct+formation+in+rat+liver+and+human+uroepithelial+cells+by+the+32P+postlabeling+assay.&rft.au=DeBord%2C+D+G%3BCheever%2C+K+L%3BWerren%2C+D+M%3BReid%2C+T+M%3BSwearengin%2C+T+F%3BSavage%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=DeBord&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk of low red or white blood cell count related to estimated benzene exposure in a rubberworker cohort (1940-1975) AN - 78382156; 8833777 AB - This study evaluated the relationship between benzene exposure and low white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts. Hematologic screening data collected over a 35 year period at a rubber hydrochloride manufacturing plant were analyzed; an increased risk of leukemia had been demonstrated previously among workers at the plant [Infante et al. (1977).' Lancet 2:76-78; Rinsky et al. (1981): Am J Ind Med 2:217-45 (1987): NEJM 316:1044-1050/. Hematologic screening data were available for 657 of 1,037 (63.3%) individuals employed at the plant from 1939 through 1976. There was a total of 21. 710 blood test records (range per individual 1-354). The study utilized a case-control design and estimated benzene exposures using the job exposure matrix developed by Rinsky et al. (1987): NEJM 316:1044-1050]. The effects of benzene exposure in the 30, 90, and 180 days before the blood test date, as well as cumulative exposure up until the blood test date, were examined using conditional logistic regression. For WBCs there was a strong exposure response and all of the exposure metrics selected showed a significant relationship with low blood count. For RBCs there was a weak positive exposure-response, which was significant (p = 0.03) for one of the dose metrics. The finding of an exposure-response relationship in the range of exposures represented in this study, where the maximum daily benzene exposure estimate was 34 ppm, is consistent with findings of several animal studies demonstrating a decrease in peripheral lymphocyte counts at benzene exposures as low as 10 ppm, and a stronger effect of benzene exposure on lymphocytes (as reflected in total WBC count) than on red cells. There was no evidence for a threshold for the hematologic effects of benzene exposure, suggesting that even exposure to relatively low levels of benzene (e.g., <5 ppm) may result in hematologic suppression. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Ward, E AU - Hornung, R AU - Morris, J AU - Rinsky, R AU - Wild, D AU - Halperin, W AU - Guthrie, W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 247 EP - 257 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Logistic Models KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Cohort Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Mass Screening -- methods KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hematologic Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Leukocyte Count -- drug effects KW - Hematologic Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Erythrocyte Count -- drug effects KW - Hematologic Diseases -- blood KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Chemical Industry KW - Benzene -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78382156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Risk+of+low+red+or+white+blood+cell+count+related+to+estimated+benzene+exposure+in+a+rubberworker+cohort+%281940-1975%29&rft.au=Ward%2C+E%3BHornung%2C+R%3BMorris%2C+J%3BRinsky%2C+R%3BWild%2C+D%3BHalperin%2C+W%3BGuthrie%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Ind Med. 1996 Mar;29(3):225-6 [8833774] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shift work, shift change, and risk of death from heart disease at work. AN - 78381629; 8833781 AB - Some epidemiologic studies suggest workers who rotate shift are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but no studies have studied the effect of shift workers who do not rotate. To determine whether current shift or recent change in shift was a risk factor for ischemic heart disease, we conducted a nested case-control study of heart disease death at work within a cohort of 21,000 men working at four heavy equipment plants. We identified 163 men who died of ischemic heart disease at work or within 1 week of working, and compared them 781 controls who were working at the same age but did not die. Plant personnel records were used to determine duration of time on current shift. At the time of case death, 72% of study subjects were working on first shift, 22% on second, and 6% on third. The average time on shift without change was 9 years. There was little evidence of any difference in heart disease risk by current shift. There was some indication that recent change from afternoon or night shift to day shift had a protective effect initially, which decreased over time. On the other hand, no corresponding negative effect was found for a change from first to second/third shift, regardless of when the change took place. Our analyses were limited by the small number of workers on the third shift. We consider our analysis to be exploratory, and encourage more research on this topic in other working populations. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Steenland, K AU - Fine, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, OH, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 278 EP - 281 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Incidence KW - Male KW - Myocardial Ischemia -- etiology KW - Work Schedule Tolerance -- physiology KW - Myocardial Ischemia -- mortality KW - Myocardial Ischemia -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78381629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Shift+work%2C+shift+change%2C+and+risk+of+death+from+heart+disease+at+work.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BFine%2C+L&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-05-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An experimental design approach to retrospective exposure assessment. AN - 78288179; 8776195 AB - There are several methods currently in use for retrospective estimation of quantitative exposure levels in occupational and environmental epidemiologic studies. The most popular is a job-exposure matrix approach using a combination of existing data and professional judgment. Another method is the use of statistical models based on available exposure data. The authors present an alternative approach using an experimental design in which several factors thought to affect exposure levels are identified and set at specific levels in a cross-classified design. This approach was used to estimate historical exposures to formaldehyde in a mortality study of embalmers. Exposures were estimated as a function of solution concentration, air exchange rate, and autopsied versus intact body. There were 12 combinations involving these 3 factors and a total of 25 embalming procedures (approximately 2 replicates of each combination) performed at a college of mortuary science. In addition to these design factors several covariates such as temperature, humidity, and the occurrence of spills were considered in an analysis of covariance statistical model. The results of the model prediction were validated against published measurements, and field samples were taken in several funeral homes. The overall accuracy of the model predictions was comparable to the variation found in replicate measurements of identical embalming procedures. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Hornung, R W AU - Herrick, R F AU - Stewart, P A AU - Utterback, D F AU - Feigley, C E AU - Wall, D K AU - Douthit, D E AU - Hayes, R B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 251 EP - 256 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Research Design KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Embalming KW - Models, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78288179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+Clostridium+botulinum+vegetables+packaged+under+vacuum+or+modified+atmosphere&rft.au=Lilly%2C+T+Jr%3BSolomon%2C+H+M%3BRhodehamel%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Lilly&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrous oxide control in the dental operatory: auxiliary exhaust and mask leakage, design, and scavenging flow rate as factors. AN - 78286507; 8776198 AB - Two new local exhaust systems, intended primarily to control patient mouth emissions of N2O, were installed in a dental operatory, and resulting exposure concentrations to dental personnel were observed. The exposures were found to be typically unaffected by the presence and operation of these new controls. Laboratory testing on a head form, in conjunction with the operatory observations, established that mask leakage due to poor fit was the primary cause of N2O emissions. An improved mask fit and the addition of a slotted skirt around the outer mask shell individually resulted in greatly reduced leakage rates in the laboratory tests. Also, exhaust systems placed on the chin, on the chest, or in the mouth proved effective in capturing mouth emissions simulated by a breathing machine and head form. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Crouch, K G AU - Johnston, O E AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 272 EP - 278 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Nitrous Oxide KW - K50XQU1029 KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Respiratory Protective Devices KW - Ventilation KW - Dental Equipment KW - Dentistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78286507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Nitrous+oxide+control+in+the+dental+operatory%3A+auxiliary+exhaust+and+mask+leakage%2C+design%2C+and+scavenging+flow+rate+as+factors.&rft.au=Crouch%2C+K+G%3BJohnston%2C+O+E&rft.aulast=Crouch&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bone densitometry: patients with end-stage renal disease. AN - 78162928; 8722234 AB - Bone mass loss and osteoporosis are associated with various conditions, such as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and treatments, such as prolonged steroid therapy. Bone densitometry is used to measure bone mass density to determine the degree of osteoporosis and to estimate fracture risk. Bone densitometers measure the radiation absorption by the skeleton to determine bone mass of the peripheral, axial, and total skeleton. Common techniques include single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) of the forearm and heel, dual-photon (DPA) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the spine and hip, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) of the spine or forearm, and radiographic absorptiometry (RA) of the hand. Part I of this report addresses important technical considerations of bone densitometers, including radiation dose, site selection, and accuracy and precision, as well as cost and charges. Part II evaluates the clinical utility of bone densitometry in the management of patients with ESRD. End-stage renal disease affected more than 242,000 Americans in 1992, and each year 10,000 to 20,000 new cases are diagnosed. Although the survival rate of ESRD patients has improved, metabolic bone diseases that fall under the generic term "renal osteodystrophy" represent abnormal development of bone and major long-term complications. Issues addressed are the type and extent of bone loss associated with ESRD and whether these patients have an increased risk for fracture. The other assessments in this series address the clinical utility of bone densitometry for patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism, steroid-dependent patients, estrogen-deficient women, and patients with vertebral abnormalities. JF - Health technology assessment AU - Erlichman, M AU - Holohan, T V AD - Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 1 EP - 27 IS - 8 KW - Steroids KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Steroids -- adverse effects KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Bone Diseases, Metabolic -- diagnostic imaging KW - Hyperparathyroidism -- diagnostic imaging KW - Humans KW - Steroids -- administration & dosage KW - Bone and Bones -- diagnostic imaging KW - Fractures, Spontaneous -- diagnostic imaging KW - Bone Diseases, Metabolic -- economics KW - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal -- diagnostic imaging KW - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal -- economics KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Fractures, Spontaneous -- economics KW - Long-Term Care KW - Female KW - Hyperparathyroidism -- economics KW - Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder -- economics KW - Kidney Failure, Chronic -- economics KW - Technology Assessment, Biomedical KW - Bone Density -- physiology KW - Absorptiometry, Photon -- instrumentation KW - Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder -- diagnostic imaging KW - Osteoporosis -- economics KW - Osteoporosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Kidney Failure, Chronic -- diagnostic imaging KW - Absorptiometry, Photon -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78162928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+technology+assessment&rft.atitle=Bone+densitometry%3A+patients+with+end-stage+renal+disease.&rft.au=Erlichman%2C+M%3BHolohan%2C+T+V&rft.aulast=Erlichman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+technology+assessment&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary reactions to organic dust exposures: development of an animal model. AN - 78141723; 8722109 AB - Acute inhalation of organic dusts such as cotton, hay, silage, grain, animal confinement, or compost dust can result in illness characterized by fever, pulmonary inflammation, chest tightness, and airway obstruction. These agricultural materials are complex mixtures of plant, bacterial, and fungal products. Elucidation of the time course of disease onset, the mechanisms of disease progression, and the identity of etiologic agents is essential for effective prevention and treatment. Toward this end, animal models for acute organic dust-induced reactions have been developed and characterized. Information concerning the applicability of various animal models to humans and progress toward elucidation of causative agents and mechanisms of action is presented. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Castranova, V AU - Robinson, V A AU - Frazer, D G AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. vic1@niords.em.cdc.gov Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 41 EP - 53 VL - 104 Suppl 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Humans KW - Edible Grain -- adverse effects KW - Gossypium -- adverse effects KW - Byssinosis -- pathology KW - Byssinosis -- etiology KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Dust -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78141723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+reactions+to+organic+dust+exposures%3A+development+of+an+animal+model.&rft.au=Castranova%2C+V%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BFrazer%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=104+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Mar;149(3 Pt 1):584-90 [8118622] J Immunol. 1992 Sep 1;149(5):1666-70 [1506688] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Oct;150(4):973-7 [7921472] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Nov;150(5 Pt 1):1250-5 [7952548] Exp Lung Res. 1994 Jul-Aug;20(4):297-315 [7988494] J Interferon Res. 1994 Oct;14(5):277-9 [7861029] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995 Mar;272(3):1141-50 [7534351] Br J Ind Med. 1955 Jul;12(3):217-27 [13240025] Br J Ind Med. 1958 Apr;15(2):75-83 [13523077] Am J Ind Med. 1994 Jan;25(1):3-11 [8116647] Inflammation. 1984 Mar;8(1):87-99 [6325346] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984 Jun 30;74(2):267-84 [6429899] Ann Intern Med. 1984 Aug;101(2):157-63 [6742645] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984 Dec;76(3):544-7 [6506079] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985 Sep 15;80(2):357-66 [4024124] Br J Ind Med. 1986 Mar;43(3):182-7 [3947581] Br J Ind Med. 1986 Apr;43(4):220-6 [3964570] Environ Health Perspect. 1986 Apr;66:159-65 [3011394] Lancet. 1986 Jul 26;2(8500):189-92 [2873440] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Sep 30;85(3):437-49 [3764926] Am J Ind Med. 1986;10(3):261-5 [3766553] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Jan;135(1):194-200 [3800146] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Jan;135(1):83-6 [3541718] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1987 May;88(3):354-69 [3107166] Prog Clin Biol Res. 1987;231:475-87 [3588637] Thorax. 1986 Dec;41(12):924-6 [3590054] N Engl J Med. 1987 Sep 3;317(10):605-10 [3614274] Br J Ind Med. 1987 Sep;44(9):577-9 [3663524] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1987 Oct;9(3):398-408 [3691999] Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1988;87(1):47-54 [3170008] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Oct;138(4):921-7 [3059885] Lung. 1988;166(4):189-208 [3144636] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Nov;140(5):1429-35 [2817607] Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(1):1-148 [2305769] Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(1):107-8 [2305774] Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(1):116-7 [2305778] Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(1):17-25 [2407112] Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(1):27-32 [2407113] Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(1):33-8 [2407114] Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(1):7-15 [2407117] Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(1):75-6 [2305797] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1991 Jul;5(1):93-8 [1878256] Infect Immun. 1991 Oct;59(10):3646-50 [1894366] Am J Med. 1969 Apr;46(4):526-37 [5791001] Ann Intern Med. 1972 Mar;76(3):423-33 [5015917] Arch Environ Health. 1975 May;30(5):222-9 [1130834] Am J Pathol. 1978 Nov;93(2):526-618 [362943] J Occup Med. 1978 Oct;20(10):690-2 [722356] J Reticuloendothel Soc. 1979 Jul;26(1):67-81 [385870] Br J Ind Med. 1981 May;38(2):138-43 [7236538] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1981 Sep;124(3):280-4 [7283261] Chem Phys Lipids. 1981 Dec;29(4):317-26 [7318049] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1982 Feb;9(2):339-49 [7200524] Clin Allergy. 1982 Nov;12(6):547-59 [6817943] Prog Allergy. 1983;33:332-44 [6338516] Tuber Lung Dis. 1992 Feb;73(1):21-6 [1525375] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1993 Feb;264(2):683-8 [8437116] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Jul;148(1):19-24 [8317797] Am J Ind Med. 1993 Oct;24(4):365-74 [8250057] Am J Ind Med. 1993 Oct;24(4):375-85 [8250058] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1993;65(2):141-6 [8253513] Br J Ind Med. 1991 Sep;48(9):629-35 [1911406] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 Feb;145(2 Pt 1):476-87 [1736761] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Aug;150(2):441-7 [8049827] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of chronic cocaine exposure during pregnancy on the acquisition of operant behaviors by rhesus monkey offspring. AN - 78099237; 8709927 AB - To explore possible long-term effects of gestational cocaine exposure in a nonhuman primate model, pregnant rhesus monkeys were treated from about 1 month of gestation until term with either 0 (N = 3), 0.3 (N = 3), 1.0 (N = 3), or escalating doses up to 8.5 (N = 3) mg/kg (IM), three times per day, 5 consecutive days per week. Despite these differences in cocaine exposure, the experimental groups did not differ significantly with respect to the postnatal growth of offspring over an 18-month period following birth. Beginning at 6 months of age, the behavior of offspring was monitored using an operant test battery that included five food-reinforced tasks designed to model aspects of learning, color and position discrimination, time estimation, short-term memory and attention, and motivation. Although the acquisition of each operant behavior by offspring progressed significantly during training between 6 and 18 months of age, this acquisition was not differentially affected by gestational cocaine exposure. It was concluded that, in a rhesus monkey model, chronic cocaine exposure during pregnancy had no significant effect on the offsprings' acquisition of operant behaviors. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Morris, P AU - Gillam, M P AU - Allen, R R AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 155 EP - 166 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Narcotics KW - 0 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Discrimination (Psychology) -- drug effects KW - Motivation KW - Memory -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Attention -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Narcotics -- toxicity KW - Cocaine -- toxicity KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78099237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+chronic+cocaine+exposure+during+pregnancy+on+the+acquisition+of+operant+behaviors+by+rhesus+monkey+offspring.&rft.au=Morris%2C+P%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BAllen%2C+R+R%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-10 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of acute treatment with dopaminergic drugs on open field behavior of adult monkeys treated with lead during the first year postpartum. AN - 78095686; 8709930 AB - A pharmacological challenge of nonhuman primate open field behavior, similar to that which previously assessed the cholinergic system (10), was used here to measure potential lead-induced alterations in the dopaminergic system. Monkeys that had been treated with lead during the first year postpartum were assessed at 7 years of age in the open field after acute intramuscular injection of apomorphine (0.0-0.3 mg/kg) or haloperidol (0.0-30 micrograms/kg). Duration of environmental exploration indicated a possible greater responsivity to 0.2 mg/kg apomorphine in the lead-treated monkeys; however, in all other behaviors, lead-treated monkeys responded to both drugs similarly to controls. Regardless of lead treatment, apomorphine administration decreased duration of inactivity and increased environmental exploration; the latter possibly included an increase in stereotypical behavior that might have been recorded as environmental exploration. Haloperidol had no significant effects on open field behavior over the dose range tested. Open field behavioral alterations previously reported for these monkeys at 4-6 years of age were no longer strongly exhibited by the lead-treated monkeys in any portion of the current study. Latency to enter the open field was marginally increased in the lead-treated group but levels of environmental exploration were comparable to controls. These results indicate an attenuation of lead-related effects with maturity and/or familiarity with the open field. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Felipa, H N AU - Bowman, R E AD - Division of Reproductive & Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 181 EP - 188 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - Dopamine Agonists KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Antagonists KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Haloperidol KW - J6292F8L3D KW - Apomorphine KW - N21FAR7B4S KW - Index Medicus KW - Reaction Time -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Exploratory Behavior -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Statistics, Nonparametric KW - Male KW - Female KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Lead -- toxicity KW - Dopamine Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Apomorphine -- pharmacology KW - Haloperidol -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78095686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+acute+treatment+with+dopaminergic+drugs+on+open+field+behavior+of+adult+monkeys+treated+with+lead+during+the+first+year+postpartum.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A%3BFelipa%2C+H+N%3BBowman%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-10 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling residue uptake by eggs. 1. Similar drug residue patterns in developing yolks following injection with ampicillin or oxytetracycline. AN - 78085142; 8778723 AB - This study was conducted to model the pattern of antibiotic drug uptake within yolks of developing follicles. In two separate experiments, 16 hens were divided into equal groups (n = 8) and injected only once with either 400 mg/kg ampicillin or 200 mg/kg oxytetracycline (OTC: total hens = 32) approximately 1 h after oviposition. Twenty-four hours following injections, hens were euthanatized and the ovaries were collected. Yolks were dissected free from the individual follicles with a blunt probe. Individual large yellow yolks (> or = 0.2 g) and a pool of 5 small yellow yolks ( 0.05) between Experiments 1 and 2 and the data were combined. Results indicate that short-term exposure in hens produced incorporation of drug residues in developing yolks in a specific pattern that does not appear to be drug dependent (P > 0.05). These incurred residues are contained in developing yolks that are days to weeks from being ovulated. Drug residues were greater (total microgram content) in some of the less mature yolks vs the largest preovulatory yolk. This may lead to a sequential release of eggs with increasing residue content, even after drug withdrawal. These data were used to construct a model to predict the pattern of incurred residues in formed eggs following a hen's exposure to drugs or other contaminants. JF - Poultry science AU - Donoghue, D J AU - Hairston, H AU - Gaines, S A AU - Bartholomew, M J AU - Donoghue, A M AD - Pharmacology and Biochemistry Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 321 EP - 328 VL - 75 IS - 3 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Ampicillin KW - 7C782967RD KW - Oxytetracycline KW - X20I9EN955 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intramuscular -- veterinary KW - Female KW - Drug Residues -- pharmacokinetics KW - Oxytetracycline -- pharmacokinetics KW - Egg Yolk -- metabolism KW - Oxytetracycline -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Ampicillin -- administration & dosage KW - Chickens -- metabolism KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ampicillin -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78085142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Modeling+residue+uptake+by+eggs.+1.+Similar+drug+residue+patterns+in+developing+yolks+following+injection+with+ampicillin+or+oxytetracycline.&rft.au=Donoghue%2C+D+J%3BHairston%2C+H%3BGaines%2C+S+A%3BBartholomew%2C+M+J%3BDonoghue%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Donoghue&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response to Monro and Mehta proposal for use of single-dose toxicology studies to support single-dose studies of new drugs in humans. AN - 78049796; 8653988 JF - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Choudary, J AU - Contrera, J F AU - DeFelice, A AU - DeGeorge, J J AU - Farrelly, J G AU - Fitzgerald, G AU - Goheer, M A AU - Jacobs, A AU - Jordan, A AU - Meyers, L AU - Osterberg, R AU - Resnick, C AU - Sun, C J AU - Temple, R J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 265 EP - 267 VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0009-9236, 0009-9236 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- administration & dosage KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78049796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Response+to+Monro+and+Mehta+proposal+for+use+of+single-dose+toxicology+studies+to+support+single-dose+studies+of+new+drugs+in+humans.&rft.au=Choudary%2C+J%3BContrera%2C+J+F%3BDeFelice%2C+A%3BDeGeorge%2C+J+J%3BFarrelly%2C+J+G%3BFitzgerald%2C+G%3BGoheer%2C+M+A%3BJacobs%2C+A%3BJordan%2C+A%3BMeyers%2C+L%3BOsterberg%2C+R%3BResnick%2C+C%3BSun%2C+C+J%3BTemple%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Choudary&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=00099236&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996 Mar;59(3):258-64 [8653987] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of serum lipid concentrations among U.S. workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AN - 78048775; 8638959 AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin alters lipid metabolism in animals; however, evidence for such an effect in humans is conflicting. This conflict was addressed using data from a cross-sectional medical study conducted between 1987 and 1988. The exposed participants had been employed at least 15 y earlier in the manufacture of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol or one of its derivatives at two chemical plants in the United States. A total of 281 workers and 260 unexposed referents participated. Workers had substantial exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, evidenced by a median serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin concentration of 406.6 femtograms/gram of serum (fg/g serum), compared with 36.9 fg/g serum among the referents. A slight association between triglyceride concentration and serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin concentration was found (p = .05). Over the range of observed 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin values (i.e., 37-19000 fg/g serum), triglyceride concentration increased only about 0.4 mmol/I. No association was found between an abnormally elevated triglyceride (i.e., > 2.82 mmol/I) concentration and serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin concentration. An association was also found between serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin concentration and an abnormal high-density lipoprotein concentration (p = .09). in summary, there was evidence of an effect on lipid metabolism in a group of workers with high serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin concentrations. The influence of serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on lipid concentrations, however, was small, compared with the influence of other factors. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Calvert, G M AU - Willie, K K AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Fingerhut, M A AU - Halperin, W E AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 100 EP - 107 VL - 51 IS - 2 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Triglycerides KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Reference Values KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Triglycerides -- blood KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78048775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+serum+lipid+concentrations+among+U.S.+workers+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BWillie%2C+K+K%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BFingerhut%2C+M+A%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the cell cycle regulated synthesis and phosphorylation of stress proteins, actin isoforms and a novel actin-like protein following drug administration in cultured rat lymphocytes. AN - 78013288; 8829805 AB - Administration of phytohemagglutinin initiated cycling of rat lymphocytes in vitro, and following treatment with this drug and other drugs in combination, lymphocytes were pulse labeled with [3H] leucine of [32P] phosphate. The nuclei were isolated from lymphocytes and collected from partitions of the cell cycle, and the proteins analyzed from fluorographs following gel electrophoresis for protein biomarkers after drug exposure. Stress proteins (sps) were dependent on a specific drug or drugs in combination (i.e., interleukin-2, bleomycin) for their synthesis that occurred only during the G1-phase of the cell cycle. An "actin-like" protein (A4) with electrophoretic mobilities similar to the actin complex, was synthesized in S and G2 phases and phosphorylated in all phases of the cell cycle only following the administration of drugs in combination. A4 exhibited a binding affinity for sp 24 that was cell cycle regulated (i.e., A4 from S phase did not bind with sp 24, but A4 from G2 phase did bind with the sp. Protein A4 appeared similar in some structural aspects to the nonmuscular actin isoform family but differed in epitope, suggesting a unique relationship and represented a stable protein, perhaps a product from the mutation of an actin gene. The dependence of certain sps and protein A4 for their induction by drugs in combination may serve as biomarkers of chemical interaction and toxicity. JF - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology AU - Pipkin, J L AU - Hinson, W G AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Aidoo, A AU - Feuers, R J AU - Anson, J F AU - Casciano, D A AD - Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 549 EP - 559 VL - 113 IS - 3 SN - 1096-4959, 1096-4959 KW - Actins KW - 0 KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Phosphates KW - Phytohemagglutinins KW - Bleomycin KW - 11056-06-7 KW - Leucine KW - GMW67QNF9C KW - Index Medicus KW - Bleomycin -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Interleukin-2 -- pharmacology KW - Peptide Mapping KW - Cell Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Peptide Fragments -- isolation & purification KW - Phytohemagglutinins -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Lymphocyte Activation KW - Phosphates -- metabolism KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Peptide Fragments -- chemistry KW - Phosphorylation KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional KW - Leucine -- metabolism KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Actins -- isolation & purification KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Actins -- biosynthesis KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78013288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Part+B%2C+Biochemistry+%26+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+cell+cycle+regulated+synthesis+and+phosphorylation+of+stress+proteins%2C+actin+isoforms+and+a+novel+actin-like+protein+following+drug+administration+in+cultured+rat+lymphocytes.&rft.au=Pipkin%2C+J+L%3BHinson%2C+W+G%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BAidoo%2C+A%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BAnson%2C+J+F%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Pipkin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Part+B%2C+Biochemistry+%26+molecular+biology&rft.issn=10964959&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of biomarkers to investigate occupational and environmental lung disorders. AN - 77970452; 8598169 JF - Chest AU - Schulte, P A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati OH, USA. Y1 - 1996/03// PY - 1996 DA - March 1996 SP - 9S EP - 12S VL - 109 IS - 3 Suppl SN - 0012-3692, 0012-3692 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Lung Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Occupational Diseases -- metabolism KW - Lung Diseases -- metabolism KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Biomarkers -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77970452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chest&rft.atitle=Use+of+biomarkers+to+investigate+occupational+and+environmental+lung+disorders.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=3+Suppl&rft.spage=9S&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chest&rft.issn=00123692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The road to embryologically based dose-response models. AN - 36357778; 201002-31-0247390 (CE); 11701734 (EN) AB - The goal of researchers working in the area of developmental toxicology is to prevent adverse reproductive outcomes (early pregnancy loss, birth defects, reduced birth weight, and altered functional development) in humans due to exposures to environmental contaminants, therapeutic drugs, and other factors. To best achieve that goal, it is important that relevant information be gathered and assimilated in the risk assessment process. One of the major challenges of improved risk assessment is to better use all pertinent biological and mechanistic information. This may be done qualitatively (e.g., demonstrating that the experimental model is not appropriate for extrapolation purposes); semiquantitatively (using information to reduce the degree of uncertainty present under default extrapolation procedures), or quantitatively (formally describing the relationships between exposure and adverse outcome in mathematical forms, including components that directly reflect individual steps in the overall progression of toxicity). In this paper we review the recent advances in the risk assessment process for developmental toxicants and hypothesize on future directions that may revolutionize our thinking in this area. The road to these changes sometimes appears to be a well-mapped course on a relatively smooth surface; at other times the path is bumpy and obscure, while at still other times it is only a wish in the eye of the engineer to cross an uncharted and rugged environment. Images Figure 11. A Figure 11. B JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kavlock, R J AU - Setzer, R W AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. kavlock@herl45.herl.epa.gov PY - 1996 SP - 107 EP - 121 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Risk assessment KW - Images KW - Roads KW - Extrapolation KW - Exposure KW - Toxicity KW - Weight reduction KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36357778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+road+to+embryologically+based+dose-response+models.&rft.au=Kavlock%2C+R+J%3BSetzer%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Kavlock&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicology of chlorofluorocarbon replacements. AN - 36357138; 201002-31-0247386 (CE); 11701730 (EN) AB - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are stable in the atmosphere and may reach the stratosphere. They are cleaved by UV-radiation in the stratosphere to yield chlorine radicals, which are thought to interfere with the catalytic cycle of ozone formation and destruction and deplete stratospheric ozone concentrations. Due to potential adverse health effects of ozone depletion, chlorofluorocarbon replacements with much lower or absent ozone depleting potential are developed. The toxicology of these compounds that represent chlorofluorohydrocarbons (HCFCs) or fluorohydrocarbons (HFCs) has been intensively studied. All compounds investigated (1, 1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane [HCFC-141b], 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane [HFC-134a], pentafluoroethane [HFC-125], 1-chloro- 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane [HCFC-124], and 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane [HCFC-123]) show only a low potential for skin and eye irritation. Chronic adverse effects on the liver (HCFC-123) and the testes (HCFC-141b and HCFC-134a), including tumor formation, were observed in long-term inhalation studies in rodents using very high concentrations of these CFC replacements. All CFC replacements are, to varying extents, biotransformed in the organism, mainly by cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation of C-H bonds. The formed acyl halides are hydrolyzed to give excretable carboxylic acids; halogenated aldehydes that are formed may be further oxidized to halogenated carboxylic acids or reduced to halogenated alcohols, which are excretory metabolites in urine from rodents exposed experimentally to CFC replacements. The chronic toxicity of the CFC replacements studied is unlikely to be of relevance for humans exposed during production and application of CFC replacements. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Dekant, W AD - Department of Toxicology, University of Wurzburg, Germany. dekant@toxi.uni-wuerzbur.de PY - 1996 SP - 75 EP - 83 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Chlorofluorocarbons KW - Ozone KW - Halogenated KW - Stratosphere KW - Depletion KW - Exposure KW - Toxicology KW - Rodents KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36357138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Toxicology+of+chlorofluorocarbon+replacements.&rft.au=Dekant%2C+W&rft.aulast=Dekant&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fish models for environmental carcinogenesis: the rainbow trout. AN - 36344249; 201002-31-0247388 (CE); 11701732 (EN) AB - Progress over the past 30 years has revealed many strengths of the rainbow trout as an alternative model for environmental carcinogenesis research. These include low rearing costs, an early life-stage ultrasensitive bioassay, sensitivity to many classes of carcinogen, a well-described tumor pathology, responsiveness to tumor promoters and inhibitors, and a mechanistically informative nonmammalian comparative status. Low-cost husbandry, for example, has permitted statistically challenging tumor study designs with up to 10,000 trout to investigate the quantitative interrelationships among carcinogen dose, anticarcinogen dose, DNA adduct formation, and final tumor outcome. The basic elements of the trout carcinogen bioassay include multiple exposure routes, carcinogen response, husbandry requirements, and pathology. The principal known neoplasms occur in liver (mixed hepatocellular/cholangiocellular adenoma and carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma), kidney (nephroblastoma), swim bladder (adenopapilloma), and stomach (adenopapilloma). Trout possess a complex but incompletely characterized array of cytochromes P450, transferases, and other enzymic systems for phase I and phase II procarcinogen metabolism. In general, trout exhibit only limited capacity for DNA repair, especially for removal of bulky DNA adducts. This factor, together with a high capacity for P450 bioactivation and negligible glutathione transferase-mediated detoxication of the epoxide, accounts for the exceptional sensitivity of trout to aflatoxin B1 carcinogenesis. At the gene level, all trout tumors except nephroblastoma exhibit variable and often high incidences of oncogenic Ki-ras gene mutations. Mutations in the trout p53 tumor suppressor gene have yet to be described. There are many aspects of the trout model, especially the lack of complete organ homology, that limit its application as a surrogate for human cancer research. Within these limitations, however, it is apparent that trout and other fish models can serve as highly useful adjuncts to conventional rodent models in the study of environmental carcinogenesis and its modulation. For some problems, fish models can provide wholly unique approaches. Images Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bailey, G S AU - Williams, D E AU - Hendricks, J D AD - Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331, USA. baileyg@bcc.orst.edu PY - 1996 SP - 5 EP - 21 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Trout KW - Carcinogens KW - Tumors KW - Genes KW - Inhibitors KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Fish KW - Rainbows KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36344249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Fish+models+for+environmental+carcinogenesis%3A+the+rainbow+trout.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+G+S%3BWilliams%2C+D+E%3BHendricks%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unraveling the chronic toxicity of lead: an essential priority for environmental health. AN - 36337416; 201002-31-0247389 (CE); 11701733 (EN) AB - Although population exposure to lead has declined, chronic lead toxicity remains a major public health problem in the United States affecting millions of children and adults. Important gaps exist in knowledge of the pathophysiology of chronic lead intoxication. These gaps have impeded development of control strategies. To close current gaps in knowledge of chronic lead toxicity, we propose an integrated, multidisciplinary, marker-based research program. This program combines a) direct measurement of individual lead burden by 109Cd X-ray fluorescence analysis of lead in bone, b) determination of ALA-D phenotype, an index of individual susceptibility to lead, and c) assessments of subclinical injury produced by lead in the kidneys, nervous system and, reproductive organs. Data from this research will provide answers to questions of great public health importance: a) Are current environmental and occupational standards adequate to prevent chronic lead intoxication? b) is lead mobilized from the skeleton during pregnancy or lactation to cause fetal toxicity? c) Is lead mobilized from bone during menopause to cause neurotoxicity? d) What is the significance of genetic variation in determining susceptibility to lead? e) What is the contribution of lead to hypertension, renal disease, chronic neurodegenerative disease or declining sperm counts? f) Is chelation therapy effective in reducing body lead burden in persons with chronic overexposure to lead? JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Todd, A C AU - Wetmur, J G AU - Moline, J M AU - Godbold, J H AU - Levin, S M AU - Landrigan, P J AD - Environmental Health Sciences Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 141 EP - 146 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Toxicity KW - Standards KW - Gaps KW - Bones KW - Intoxication KW - Health KW - C (programming language) KW - Public health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36337416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Unraveling+the+chronic+toxicity+of+lead%3A+an+essential+priority+for+environmental+health.&rft.au=Todd%2C+A+C%3BWetmur%2C+J+G%3BMoline%2C+J+M%3BGodbold%2C+J+H%3BLevin%2C+S+M%3BLandrigan%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomarker research in neurotoxicology: the role of mechanistic studies to bridge the gap between the laboratory and epidemiological investigations. AN - 36313782; 201002-31-0247387 (CE); 11701731 (EN) AB - There is an increasing interest in the development and validation of biomarkers for use in biochemical/molecular epidemiological studies. Though the area of neurotoxicology has received much attention in the past several years, it still lags behind with regard to the development of biomarkers, particularly those of health effects and susceptibility. This review discusses several aspects of biomarker research as it relates to neurotoxic compounds and focuses on selected agents (organophosphorus insecticides, styrene, n-hexane, carbon disulfide, acrylamide), which have been the subject of a number of investigations in animals and humans. While traditional biomonitoring approaches and novel techniques (e.g., hemoglobin adducts) provide several measurements for monitoring exposure to neurotoxic chemicals, potential markers of genetic susceptibility have been seldom investigated in a neurotoxicology context. Furthermore, the complexity of the nervous system, together with the multiplicity of end points and the limited knowledge of the exact mechanism(s) of action of neurotoxicants, has led to only limited advancements in the development of biomarkers for neurotoxic effects. Significant progress in this area will depend upon an increased understanding of the cellular, biochemical, and molecular targets directly involved in neurotoxicity. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Costa, L G AD - Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle 98105, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 55 EP - 67 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 104 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Biochemistry KW - Epidemiology KW - Health KW - Nervous system KW - Genetics KW - Markers KW - Monitoring KW - Hemoglobin KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36313782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biomarker+research+in+neurotoxicology%3A+the+role+of+mechanistic+studies+to+bridge+the+gap+between+the+laboratory+and+epidemiological+investigations.&rft.au=Costa%2C+L+G&rft.aulast=Costa&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans in decaying wood forming hollows in living trees AN - 19649864; 7385213 AB - Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans was repeatedly isolated from decaying wood forming hollows in living trees growing in urban areas of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A new natural habitat for C. neoformans var. neoformans has been found that is not associated with specific trees. JF - Medical Mycology AU - Lazera, M S AU - Pires F.D.A. AU - Camillo-Coura, L AU - Nishikawa, M M AU - Bezerra C.C.F. AU - Trilles, L AU - Wanke, B AD - Laboratorio de Micologia Medica, Hospital Evandro Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Y1 - 1996/03/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Mar 01 SP - 127 EP - 131 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd., 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 1369-3786, 1369-3786 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Cryptococcus neoformans KW - Trees KW - Habitat KW - A 01390:Forestry KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19649864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+Mycology&rft.atitle=Natural+habitat+of+Cryptococcus+neoformans+var.+neoformans+in+decaying+wood+forming+hollows+in+living+trees&rft.au=Lazera%2C+M+S%3BPires+F.D.A.%3BCamillo-Coura%2C+L%3BNishikawa%2C+M+M%3BBezerra+C.C.F.%3BTrilles%2C+L%3BWanke%2C+B&rft.aulast=Lazera&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+Mycology&rft.issn=13693786&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trees; Habitat; Cryptococcus neoformans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation of etheno and oxoethyl adducts in liver DNA from rats exposed subchronically to urethane in drinking water and ethanol. AN - 77997007; 8620436 AB - Exposure of Fisher-344 male rats to 10 000 ppm of urethane in drinking water for up to 90 days or in 5% ethanol for up to 14 days caused the formation of 7-[2'-oxoethyl]guanine (OEG) and 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine (epsilon A) in liver DNA. Mild-acid DNA hydrolysates were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and fluorometry. The identification of OEG and epsilon A was confirmed by coelution with the authentic standards. Forty and 67% of rats showed OEG and epsilon A adducts at 2 and 90 days of treatment with urethane in drinking water, respectively. In comparison, only 0 and 10% of rats showed adducts at 2 and 14 days of treatment with urethane in 5% ethanol, respectively. Neither OEG nor epsilon A was observed in control rats receiving water or 5% ethanol. Although these data are still preliminary, they appear to suggest that ethanol may inhibit formation of DNA adducts by urethane. Studies designed to produce more conclusive information about the role of ethanol in modifying DNA damage induced by urethane in vivo are in progress. JF - Cancer letters AU - Sotomayor, R E AU - Washington, M C AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1996/02/27/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Feb 27 SP - 155 EP - 161 VL - 100 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - 1,N(6)-ethenoadenosine KW - 39007-51-7 KW - Urethane KW - 3IN71E75Z5 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Guanine KW - 5Z93L87A1R KW - 7-N-(2-oxoethyl)guanine KW - 73100-87-5 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Adenosine KW - K72T3FS567 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Water Supply KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Adenosine -- biosynthesis KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Adenosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Ethanol -- toxicity KW - Guanine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Urethane -- toxicity KW - Guanine -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77997007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Formation+of+etheno+and+oxoethyl+adducts+in+liver+DNA+from+rats+exposed+subchronically+to+urethane+in+drinking+water+and+ethanol.&rft.au=Sotomayor%2C+R+E%3BWashington%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Sotomayor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-02-27&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-14 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicity of sarin in rats and rabbits. AN - 77990105; 8604149 AB - Sarin (Agent GB, isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor. Sarin (Type I or Type II) was administered by gavage to CD rats on d 6-15 of gestation at dose levels of 0, 100, 240, or 380 micrograms/kg/d and to New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits on d 6-19 of gestation at dose levels of 0, 5, 10, or 15 micrograms/kg/d. Females were weighed on gestational days (GD) 0, 6-16 for rats and 6-20 for rabbits, and immediately prior to termination (GD 20 for rats and GD 29 for rabbits). All animals were monitored daily for clinical signs of toxicity throughout dosing and until sacrifice. At necropsy, gravid uteri were weighed and examined for the number and status of implants (live, resorbed, or dead). Individual fetal body weight, malformations, and variations (external, visceral, and skeletal) were recorded. Rat and rabbit dams in the high-dose groups exhibited significant signs of maternal toxicity and increased maternal mortality. Examination of gravid uteri revealed no statistical differences among treatment groups in the incidence of resorptions or of dead or malformed fetuses, or in average body weight of live fetuses per litter. These results show no evidence or developmental toxicity in the CD rat or NZW rabbit following exposure to either Type I or Type II sarin during embryonic differentiation and major organogenesis, even at a dose that produced maternal toxicity. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - LaBorde, J B AU - Bates, H K AU - Dacre, J C AU - Young, J F AD - Division of Reproductive and Development Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/02/23/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Feb 23 SP - 249 EP - 265 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Sarin KW - B4XG72QGFM KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Viscera -- embryology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Fetal Resorption -- chemically induced KW - Rabbits KW - Viscera -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Sarin -- administration & dosage KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Sarin -- toxicity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77990105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Developmental+toxicity+of+sarin+in+rats+and+rabbits.&rft.au=LaBorde%2C+J+B%3BBates%2C+H+K%3BDacre%2C+J+C%3BYoung%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=LaBorde&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-02-23&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-05-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Mental, Emotional and Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Factsheet. AN - 62245502; ED461220 AB - This factsheet describes the different mental, emotional, and behavior problems that can occur during childhood and adolescence. The incidence and symptoms of the following disorders are discussed: (1) anxiety disorders (including phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder); (2) major depression; (3) bipolar disorder (manic depressive illness); (4) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; (5) learning disorders; (6) conduct disorder; (7) eating disorders; (8) autism spectrum disorder or autism; and (9) schizophrenia. The factsheet then describes using "systems of care" to treat children or adolescents in need of services in which local organizations work in teams with families to provide a full range of services to children and adolescents with serious emotional disturbances. Federal agencies currently studying mental, emotional, and behavior problems are also listed. (CR) Y1 - 1996/02/20/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Feb 20 SP - 6 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Depression (Psychology) KW - Anxiety KW - Learning Disabilities KW - Delivery Systems KW - Intervention KW - Disability Identification KW - Children KW - Schizophrenia KW - Emotional Disturbances KW - Symptoms (Individual Disorders) KW - Behavior Disorders KW - Attention Deficit Disorders KW - Agency Cooperation KW - Incidence KW - Autism KW - Eating Disorders KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62245502?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Contributions to the Preparation were made by Nati N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - H- and K-ras mutational profiles in chemically induced liver tumors from B6C3F1 and CD-1 mice. AN - 77971171; 8598575 AB - Liver tumors from mice treated with genotoxic carcinogens often possess mutations in ras protooncogenes, and these sequence alterations in ras frequently reflect the mutational specificity of the carcinogen. Previous studies suggest that the mouse model used for tumor induction may affect ras mutational patterns. In order to explore this possibility, H- and K-ras mutational profiles were established in liver tumors from male B6C3f1 and CD-1 mice administered benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC), and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP). With the exception of 6-NC-induced tumors in B6C3F1 mice, a high proportion of the tumors induced in both types of mice contained ras mutations. In CD-1 mice, 6-NC predominantly induced C-->A mutations in H-ras codon 61 (90% of tumors analyzed), whereas 4-ABP mainly induced A-->T mutations in H-ras codon 61 (50%) and BaP induced both A-->T (27%) and G--> (50%) mutations in H-ras codon 61 and K-ras codon 13, respectively. In B6C3F1 mice, 85% of BaP tumors had G-->C mutations in K-ras codon 13 and 85% of 4-ABP tumors had C-->A mutations in H-ras codon 61, while among 6-NC tumors, only 4% had G-->C mutations in K-ras codon 13 and none had H-ras mutations. Statistical analysis of these results indicates that the patterns of tumor ras mutations induced by BaP in CD-1 and B6C3F1 mice were indistinguishable, while 6-NC and 4-ABP produced different tumor ras profiles in the two mouse models. Published mutational profiles for active metabolites of BaP and 6-NC from in vitro reporter gene systems were inconsistent with both the CD-1 and B6C3F1 tumor ras mutational responses. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Li, E E AU - Fu, P P AU - Heflich, R H AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. Y1 - 1996/02/09/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Feb 09 SP - 195 EP - 208 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Chrysenes KW - 4-biphenylamine KW - 16054949HJ KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - 6-nitrochrysene KW - 82ZK83O33Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Chrysenes -- toxicity KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- toxicity KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Genes, ras KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77971171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Brucella+abortus+conjugated+with+a+peptide+derived+from+the+V3+loop+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+%28HIV%29+type+1+induces+HIV-specific+cytotoxic+T-cell+responses+in+normal+and+in+CD4+super%28%2B%29+cell-depleted+BALB%2Fc+mice&rft.au=Lapham%2C+C%3BGolding%2C+B%3BInman%2C+J%3BBlackburn%2C+R%3BManischewitz%2C+J%3BHighet%2C+P%3BGolding%2C+H&rft.aulast=Lapham&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3084&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-19 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the correlation coefficient between the TD50 and the MTD. AN - 78448711; 8868225 AB - The existence of correlation between the carcinogenic potency and the maximum tolerated dose has been the subject of many investigations in recent years. Several attempts have been made to quantify this correlation in different bioassay experiments. By using some distributional assumptions, Krewski et al. derive an analytic expression for the coefficient of correlation between the carcinogenic potency TD50 and the maximum tolerated dose. Here, we discuss the deviation that may result in using their analytical expression. By taking a more general approach we derive an expression for the correlation coefficient which includes the result of Krewski et al. as a special case, and show that their expression may overestimate the correlation in some instances and yet underestimate the correlation in other instances. The proposed method is illustrated by application to a real dataset. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Razzaghi, M AU - Gaylor, D W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Bloomsburg University, Pennsylvania 17815, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 107 EP - 113 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Tolerance KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Models, Biological KW - Risk Assessment KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78448711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=On+the+correlation+coefficient+between+the+TD50+and+the+MTD.&rft.au=Razzaghi%2C+M%3BGaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Razzaghi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurobehavioral dysfunctions associated with dietary iron overload. AN - 78391711; 8838597 AB - Excessive dietary Fe is known to be toxic, but the extent of neurobiological involvement is not clear. In the present study male weanling rats were fed diets containing Fe at 35 (control), 350, 3500, or 20000 ppm for 12 wk. An Fe-deficient group (4 ppm) was included for comparison. Rats were tested for behavioral and body weight changes at various times after initiation of diets, and liver and brain nonheme Fe were measured at term. Excess dietary Fe, primarily at 20000 ppm, significantly decreased activity, habituation, reflex startle, and conditioned avoidance response performance, and enhanced prepulse modulation of startle. Body weights were also markedly decreased. Fe-deficient animals showed similar behavioral effects but more moderate body weight changes. Liver nonheme Fe varied directly with dietary levels. Whole-brain nonheme Fe was significantly reduced in Fe-deficient animals but increased only at the 20000-ppm level. Homeostatic mechanisms appear to regulate whole-brain Fe more effectively under conditions of dietary Fe overload than under conditions of Fe deficiency. The behavioral changes associated with dietary Fe overload may represent secondary consequences of systemic toxicity. JF - Physiology & behavior AU - Sobotka, T J AU - Whittaker, P AU - Sobotka, J M AU - Brodie, R E AU - Quander, D Y AU - Robl, M AU - Bryant, M AU - Barton, C N AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 213 EP - 219 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0031-9384, 0031-9384 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Avoidance Learning -- physiology KW - Conditioning, Classical -- physiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Conditioning, Classical -- drug effects KW - Reflex, Startle -- physiology KW - Avoidance Learning -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- physiology KW - Anemia, Iron-Deficiency -- pathology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Anemia, Iron-Deficiency -- physiopathology KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Iron Overload -- pathology KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Iron Overload -- physiopathology KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Iron -- toxicity KW - Iron -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78391711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=Neurobehavioral+dysfunctions+associated+with+dietary+iron+overload.&rft.au=Sobotka%2C+T+J%3BWhittaker%2C+P%3BSobotka%2C+J+M%3BBrodie%2C+R+E%3BQuander%2C+D+Y%3BRobl%2C+M%3BBryant%2C+M%3BBarton%2C+C+N&rft.aulast=Sobotka&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Closing the surveillance gap. AN - 78360649; 8821367 AB - Since 1986 there has been substantial progress in developing surveillance systems for occupational disease and injury that meet the goals of surveillance: identification or new diseases and causes of injury; estimation of the magnitude and trend of injuries and illnesses; identification of epidemic clusters; and identification of sentinel cases representing failures of prevention. A quiltwork of surveillance systems for occupational diseases and injury has been implemented by several federal agencies; surveillance systems for many more disease and injuries are being developed by the states. The conceptual basis for "closing the surveillance gap" has been developed; national implementation is the next challenge. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Halperin, W E AU - Ordin, D L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 223 EP - 224 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sentinel Surveillance KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78360649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Closing+the+surveillance+gap.&rft.au=Halperin%2C+W+E%3BOrdin%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Halperin&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-29 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Ind Med. 1997 Apr;31(4):479-80 [9093665] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neonatal MSG reduces hypothalamic DA, beta-endorphin, and delays weight gain in genetically obese (A viable yellow/alpha) mice. AN - 78334628; 8808153 AB - Neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate (MSG) decreases proopiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides and results in obesity. The yellow mouse is a model of obesity induced by the viable yellow (Avy) gene at the agouti locus on Chromosome 2, which results in overproduction of a POMC receptor antagonist. Thus we hypothesized that MSG, when imposed on the genetically susceptible model, would alter the development of obesity. Both yellow obese (Avy) and black lean (alpha/alpha) males were injected on Postnatal Days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 with 2.0 mg/g body weight MSG or saline SC. Their food intake, growth parameters, and neurochemical status were examined. Paradoxically, MSG interacted with the yellow phenotype to delay the rapid rate of weight gain characteristic of this model (p < 0.05). Food intake was decreased (p < 0.05) in both phenotypes treated with MSG, as was hypothalamic content of dopamine (p < 0.05) and of the POMC peptide, beta-endorphin (p < 0.001). The yellow obese phenotype was more sensitive than the black lean phenotype to the neurochemical effect of early postnatal MSG administration. Recent reports suggest the agouti locus protein is an antagonist of the receptor for another POMC peptide, melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). Therefore, the balance of functional activity between various POMC peptides appears to be an important factor in the development of both acquired and genetic obesity. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Caputo, F A AU - Ali, S F AU - Wolff, G L AU - Scallet, A C AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/USFDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 425 EP - 432 VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - beta-Endorphin KW - 60617-12-1 KW - Pro-Opiomelanocortin KW - 66796-54-1 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Sodium Glutamate KW - W81N5U6R6U KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Pro-Opiomelanocortin -- metabolism KW - Depression, Chemical KW - Rats KW - Phenotype KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Mice, Inbred A KW - Drinking -- drug effects KW - Hair Color -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Obesity -- prevention & control KW - Obesity -- genetics KW - Hypothalamus -- drug effects KW - beta-Endorphin -- metabolism KW - Hypothalamus -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Sodium Glutamate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78334628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Neonatal+MSG+reduces+hypothalamic+DA%2C+beta-endorphin%2C+and+delays+weight+gain+in+genetically+obese+%28A+viable+yellow%2Falpha%29+mice.&rft.au=Caputo%2C+F+A%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BWolff%2C+G+L%3BScallet%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Caputo&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-16 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of macronutrient substitutes by the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 78315011; 8801618 JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Rulis, A M AD - Office of Premarket Approval, FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - S47 EP - S50 VL - 23 IS - 1 Pt 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Additives -- therapeutic use KW - Food, Formulated KW - Food Additives -- adverse effects KW - Food Additives -- analysis KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78315011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Review+of+experimental+male-mediated+behavioral+and+neurochemical+disorders&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BMoorman%2C+W+J%3BSchrader%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=neurotoxicity&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability in gene expression and tumor formation within genetically homogeneous animal populations in bioassays. AN - 78200538; 8742313 AB - Considerable variation in susceptibility to tissue-specific tumor formation in response to chronic treatment with low or intermediate dose levels of putative carcinogens is observed within populations of genetically homogeneous test animals under controlled environmental conditions. Experimental evidence from National Toxicology Program studies is reviewed, as are studies of differing degrees of carcinogenic response and tumor promotion among iso-and congenic mice carrying the Avy (viable yellow) mutation. The data suggest that individual variations in carcinogenic response among genetically homogeneous animals may derive primarily from differences in regulation of gene transcription. Differences in posttranscriptional and posttranslational processing of gene products are probably also contributing factors. The viable yellow Avy/a mouse model system is uniquely suited for investigating the developmental and molecular bases of this phenotypic variability in genetically homogeneous populations since various degrees of carcinogenic response and promotion of tumor formation can be predicted, a priori, at least as early as 7 days of age by correlation with coat color patterns. Ectopic expression of the agouti protein results in enhanced susceptibility to tumor formation in tissues which are already sensitized to neoplastic transformation by their strain genome. The differences in tumorigenic response and coat color pattern among Avy/- mice appear to be associated with different DNA methylation states of the promoter of an intracisternal A particle inserted into exon 1A of the agouti gene. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Wolff, G L AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. GWOLFF@FDANT.NC-TR.FDA.GOV Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 176 EP - 184 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Animals KW - Transcription, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Biological Assay KW - Transcription, Genetic -- genetics KW - Mice KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Species Specificity KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- epidemiology KW - Mutation -- drug effects KW - Genetic Variation KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutation -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78200538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Variability+in+gene+expression+and+tumor+formation+within+genetically+homogeneous+animal+populations+in+bioassays.&rft.au=Wolff%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Wolff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subchronic toxicity of triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride in B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats. AN - 78197876; 8742314 AB - Triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride (trien-2HCl; CAS No. 38260-01-04), a chelating agent used to treat Wilson's disease patients who are intolerant of the drug of choice, was tested for subchronic toxicity in B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats. Mice and rats received trien-2HCl in the drinking water at concentrations of 0, 120, 600, or 3000 ppm for up to 92 days. Twenty mice and 18 rats of each sex were assigned to each dose group fed either a cereal-based (NIH-31) or a purified (AIN-76A) diet, both containing nutritionally adequate levels of copper. An additional control group of rats and mice received a Cu-deficient AIN-76A diet. This low copper diet resulted in Cu-deficiency symptoms, such as anemia, liver periportal cytomegaly, pancreatic atrophy and multifocal necrosis, spleen hematopoietic cell proliferation, and increased heart weight, together with undetectable levels of plasma copper in rats but not in mice. Trien-2HCl lowered plasma copper levels some-what (at 600 and 3000 ppm) in rats fed the AIN-76A diet, but did not induce the usual signs of copper deficiency. Trien-2HCl caused an increased frequency of uterine dilatation at 3000 ppm in rats fed AIN-76A diet that was not noted in females fed the Cu-deficient diet. Trien-2HCl toxicity occurred only in mice in the highest dose group fed an AIN-76A diet. Increased frequencies of inflammation of the lung interstitium and liver periportal fatty infiltration were seen in both sexes, and hematopoietic cell proliferation was seen in the spleen of males. Kidney and body weights were reduced in males as was the incidence of renal cytoplasmic vacuolization. There were no signs of copper deficiency in mice exposed to trien-2HCl. The only effect of trien-2HCl in animals fed the NIH-31 diet was a reduced liver copper level in both rat sexes, noted at 3000 ppm. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Greenman, D L AU - Morrissey, R L AU - Blakemore, W AU - Crowell, J AU - Siitonen, P AU - Felton, P AU - Allen, R AU - Cronin, G AD - Office of Associate Director for Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 185 EP - 193 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Chelating Agents KW - 0 KW - Metals KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Trientine KW - SJ76Y07H5F KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Sex Factors KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- pathology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Metals -- blood KW - Drinking -- drug effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Metals -- metabolism KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Chelating Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Copper -- administration & dosage KW - Copper -- deficiency KW - Chelating Agents -- toxicity KW - Trientine -- toxicity KW - Copper -- blood KW - Trientine -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78197876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Subchronic+toxicity+of+triethylenetetramine+dihydrochloride+in+B6C3F1+mice+and+F344+rats.&rft.au=Greenman%2C+D+L%3BMorrissey%2C+R+L%3BBlakemore%2C+W%3BCrowell%2C+J%3BSiitonen%2C+P%3BFelton%2C+P%3BAllen%2C+R%3BCronin%2C+G&rft.aulast=Greenman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk estimation--an overview: disease risk estimation based upon animal bioassays. AN - 78184311; 8744587 AB - Much more could be written about the issues addressed here, as well as about issues that are not even mentioned. The goal was to present a brief overview of some of the techniques and issues in quantitative health risk assessment based upon animal data. Hopefully, this overview will provoke some attention to specific in risk assessment that require more research. Perhaps the bibliographic references given will lead to other papers. JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Gaylor, D W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 9 EP - 27 VL - 28 IS - 1-2 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Diet KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Biological Assay -- standards KW - Risk Assessment KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78184311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Risk+estimation--an+overview%3A+disease+risk+estimation+based+upon+animal+bioassays.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioassay designs for validating biologically based mathematical models of carcinogenesis for risk assessment. AN - 78183630; 8744598 AB - Bioassays that include various types of discontinuous exposure to carcinogens are somewhat rare and are far from routine. However, discontinuous-dosing groups represent a valuable enhancement of the ordinary bioassay design. My hope is that efforts to include discontinuous-exposure groups in cancer-bioassays will become widespread, and that discontinuous-dosing designs will eventually be a matter of routine. To me, such designs represent an easy (although perhaps costly) way to increase the sophistication of the tumor incidence data for model fitting, and to provide valuable data for validating (or perhaps invalidating) postulated mathematical models of the cancer process. Certainly discontinuous-dosing data at least provide a valuable ancillary resource to be utilized along with data on postulated mechanisms in the effort to implement biologically based models of the cancer process for quantitative risk assessment. Such data might even be indispensible. JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Kodell, R L AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 219 EP - 223 VL - 28 IS - 1-2 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Models, Biological KW - Neoplasms -- physiopathology KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Biological Assay -- standards KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects KW - Biological Assay -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78183630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Bioassay+designs+for+validating+biologically+based+mathematical+models+of+carcinogenesis+for+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Kodell%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Kodell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Making regulatory decisions across the food ingredient spectrum. AN - 78182446; 8744596 AB - Today, safety evaluation of food ingredients must be performed for a wide spectrum of substances and over a wide range of potential human exposures. Some of the traditional approaches to toxicological safety evaluation are not appropriate for certain of the more extreme examples across this spectrum. Yet the public and the regulated industry continue, rightfully, to expect that the system will function efficiently and effectively in their behalf. FDA must expand the range of its available tools to address the unique questions presented by nontraditional food chemicals, while maintaining the scientific credibility and integrity of the regulatory decision process that has protected public health for many decades. The safety standard that these materials must meet has not changed. Yet the types of questions pertinent to safety decisions may indeed be different than those traditionally used. JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Rulis, A M AD - Office of Premarket Approval, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 197 EP - 208 VL - 28 IS - 1-2 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Preservation -- standards KW - Consumer Product Safety -- standards KW - Humans KW - Food Preservation -- economics KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Food Contamination KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Consumer Product Safety -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Legislation, Food KW - Food Analysis -- standards KW - Food Additives -- adverse effects KW - Food Additives -- standards KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78182446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Making+regulatory+decisions+across+the+food+ingredient+spectrum.&rft.au=Rulis%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Rulis&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Noncancer risk assessment: reproductive toxicology. AN - 78180656; 8744590 AB - In summary, the concerns that environmental and other agents are causing adverse effects on reproductive function in humans are real, although the risk is not necessarily well characterized. The range of concerns for the types of effect that agents might have on reproduction span the full range of reproductive events. There is a fairly high background of reproductive disease in humans which decreases the sensitivity for identifying agents that have a subtle, but adverse, effect on reproductive performance of humans. Because our animal studies identify a large number of agents that cause some adverse reproductive effect at the dose levels tested, the concern is raised about the oversensitivity of animal models for predicting adverse effects in humans. Until we better understand the biology underlying the reproductive process of humans and animals, it will be difficult to make animal studies more specific in their predictiveness. Continued research to better understand the biology of reproduction in humans and animals should help to identify the types of data generated in animals that are most predictive of an adverse effect in humans. JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Schwetz, B A AD - FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 77 EP - 84 VL - 28 IS - 1-2 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Boric Acids KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Boron KW - N9E3X5056Q KW - boric acid KW - R57ZHV85D4 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Testis -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Boric Acids -- toxicity KW - Boric Acids -- metabolism KW - Models, Biological KW - Male KW - Boron -- toxicity KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78180656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Noncancer+risk+assessment%3A+reproductive+toxicology.&rft.au=Schwetz%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Schwetz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of dietary restriction on drug testing and toxicity. AN - 78082169; 8672865 JF - Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie AU - Hart, R W AU - Leakey, J AU - Duffy, P H AU - Feuers, R J AU - Turturro, A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 121 EP - 127 VL - 48 IS - 2-3 SN - 0940-2993, 0940-2993 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Deprivation -- physiology KW - Energy Intake -- physiology KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Energy Intake -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78082169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+and+toxicologic+pathology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Gesellschaft+fur+Toxikologische+Pathologie&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+dietary+restriction+on+drug+testing+and+toxicity.&rft.au=Hart%2C+R+W%3BLeakey%2C+J%3BDuffy%2C+P+H%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BTurturro%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+and+toxicologic+pathology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Gesellschaft+fur+Toxikologische+Pathologie&rft.issn=09402993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-15 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of fumonisin B1 in human keratinocytes, fibroblasts, esophageal epithelial cells and hepatoma cells. AN - 78067418; 8625445 AB - Fumonisin B1 is associated with various animal and human carcinomas and toxicoses, including leukoencephalomalacia, hepatocarcinoma, pulmonary edema and esophageal carcinoma. We have examined the cellular effects of fumonisin B1 in vitro using cellular model systems relevant to potential human target tissues. Although fumonisin B1 has been described as a mitogen in Swiss 3T3 cells based on stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation, in the current work it was found that fumonisin B1 inhibited incorporation of [3H]thymidine by cultured neonatal human keratinocytes and HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells at 10(-7) and 10(-4) M respectively. Fumonisin B1 also inhibited clonal expansion of normal human keratinocytes and HET-1A human esophageal epithelial cells at 10(-5) M and growth in mass culture of normal human fibroblasts at 10(-7) M. The clonogenicity of normal human keratinocytes decreased to 45.5% of controls after exposure to 10(-4) M fumonisin B1 for 2 days. However, no differences in the cell cycle distribution of cultured keratinocytes was noted after exposure to 10(-5) M fumonisin B1 for 40 h. The viability of normal human keratinocytes and HET-1A cells decreased as a result of fumonisin B1 treatment, as determined by a fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide flow cytometric cell viability assay. Fumonisin B1-treated keratinocytes released nucleosomal DNA fragments into the medium 2-3 days after exposure to 10(-4) M fumonisin B1 and increased DNA strand breaks were detected in attached keratinocytes exposed to 0-10(-4) M fumonisin B1 using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-based immunochemical assay system. Furthermore, fumonisin B1-treated keratinocytes and HET-1A cells developed morphological features consistent with apoptosis, as determined by phase contrast microscopy, fluorescent microscopy of acridine orange stained cells and electron microscopy. These results are consistent with the occurrence of fumonisin B1-mediated apoptosis in vitro. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Tolleson, W H AU - Melchior, W B AU - Morris, S M AU - McGarrity, L J AU - Domon, O E AU - Muskhelishvili, L AU - James, S J AU - Howard, P C AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 239 EP - 249 VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Epithelial Cells KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- pathology KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Mice KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - Epithelium -- drug effects KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Esophagus -- drug effects KW - Liver Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - 3T3 Cells -- drug effects KW - Keratinocytes -- drug effects KW - Esophagus -- cytology KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- pathology KW - Keratinocytes -- ultrastructure KW - Keratinocytes -- cytology KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78067418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Apoptotic+and+anti-proliferative+effects+of+fumonisin+B1+in+human+keratinocytes%2C+fibroblasts%2C+esophageal+epithelial+cells+and+hepatoma+cells.&rft.au=Tolleson%2C+W+H%3BMelchior%2C+W+B%3BMorris%2C+S+M%3BMcGarrity%2C+L+J%3BDomon%2C+O+E%3BMuskhelishvili%2C+L%3BJames%2C+S+J%3BHoward%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Tolleson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational exposure to chrysotile asbestos and cancer risk: a review of the amphibole hypothesis. AN - 78042721; 8633733 AB - This article examines the credibility and policy implications of the "amphibole hypothesis," which postulates that (1) the mesotheliomas observed among workers exposed to chrysotile asbestos may be explained by confounding exposures to amphiboles, and (2) chrysotile may have lower carcinogenic potency than amphiboles. A critical review was conducted of the lung burden, epidemiologic, toxicologic, and mechanistic studies that provide the basis for the amphibole hypothesis. Mechanistic and lung burden studies do not provide convincing evidence for the amphibole hypothesis. Toxicologic and epidemiologic studies provide strong evidence that chrysotile is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma. Chrysotile may be less potent than some amphiboles for inducing mesotheliomas, but there is little evidence to indicate lower lung cancer risk. Given the evidence of a significant lung cancer risk, the lack of conclusive evidence for the amphibole hypothesis, and the fact that workers are generally exposed to a mixture of fibers, we conclude that it is prudent to treat chrysotile with virtually the same level of concern as the amphibole forms of asbestos. JF - American journal of public health AU - Stayner, L T AU - Dankovic, D A AU - Lemen, R A AD - Risk Assessment Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 179 EP - 186 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Asbestos, Amphibole KW - 0 KW - Asbestos, Serpentine KW - Carcinogens KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - Mesothelioma -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Asbestos, Amphibole -- toxicity KW - Asbestos, Serpentine -- toxicity KW - Asbestos, Serpentine -- adverse effects KW - Asbestos, Amphibole -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78042721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Occupational+exposure+to+chrysotile+asbestos+and+cancer+risk%3A+a+review+of+the+amphibole+hypothesis.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L+T%3BDankovic%2C+D+A%3BLemen%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-03 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986 Jan;133(1):5-13 [3510581] Am J Ind Med. 1992;22(4):531-42 [1332466] Environ Res. 1992 Oct;59(1):271-8 [1425517] Int J Cancer. 1968 May 15;3(3):406-8 [5681625] Br J Cancer. 1973 Aug;28(2):173-85 [4354178] Br J Cancer. 1974 Mar;29(3):252-69 [4364384] Environ Res. 1976 Dec;12(3):281-98 [1001300] J Occup Med. 1977 Nov;19(11):737-40 [915568] Br J Cancer. 1978 May;37(5):673-88 [656299] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1979;330:117-26 [294162] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1979;330:91-116 [294225] Ann Occup Hyg. 1979;22(3):253-71 [543586] Br J Ind Med. 1980 Feb;37(1):11-24 [7370189] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980 Nov;122(5):669-78 [7447151] IARC Sci Publ. 1980;(30):187-99 [7239637] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Nov;67(5):965-75 [6946253] Br J Cancer. 1982 Jan;45(1):124-35 [7059455] Br J Ind Med. 1982 Nov;39(4):344-8 [6291580] Ann Occup Hyg. 1982;26(1-4):411-5 [6295244] Ann Occup Hyg. 1982;26(1-4):417-22 [6295245] Br J Ind Med. 1983 Feb;40(1):1-7 [6297532] Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 Aug 28-Sep 4;285(6342):603-6 [6297656] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983 Apr;127(4):470-3 [6838052] Am J Ind Med. 1983;4(3):399-419 [6846338] Am J Ind Med. 1983;4(3):421-33 [6846339] Br J Ind Med. 1984 May;41(2):151-7 [6326794] Carcinogenesis. 1985 May;6(5):667-74 [2988806] Ann Occup Hyg. 1985;29(3):305-55 [4073702] Ann Occup Hyg. 1982;26(1-4):423-31 [7181279] Br J Exp Pathol. 1986 Jun;67(3):415-30 [2872911] Br J Ind Med. 1986 Jul;43(7):436-44 [3013278] Br J Ind Med. 1987 Mar;44(3):161-74 [3828242] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1992 Dec;18(6):351-60 [1485160] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Jul;148(1):25-31 [8391235] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Aug;50(8):673-6 [8398854] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Nov;50(11):1039-42 [8280629] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Dec;50(12):1073-81 [8280638] Ann Occup Hyg. 1994 Aug;38(4):453-8, 408 [7978966] Ann Occup Hyg. 1994 Aug;38(4):525-32, 412 [7978974] Science. 1995 Feb 10;267(5199):776-7 [7710525] Toxicol Ind Health. 1994 Jan-Apr;10(1-2):59-87 [7570615] Br J Exp Pathol. 1988 Oct;69(5):717-37 [2848570] Am J Ind Med. 1988;14(2):205-9 [2849869] Cancer. 1989 Apr 15;63(8):1544-7 [2924262] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Mar;46(3):180-7 [2539184] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Aug;46(8):529-36 [2550048] Am J Ind Med. 1989;16(3):281-7 [2782316] Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):294-301 [2153315] Ann Occup Hyg. 1990 Apr;34(2):159-75 [2169219] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Oct;142(4):843-7 [2171386] Br J Ind Med. 1990 Dec;47(12):810-4 [2176805] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(2):161-9 [1847001] Cancer. 1991 Apr 1;67(7):1912-20 [1848472] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991 Dec 31;643:27-52 [1809139] Br J Ind Med. 1992 Aug;49(8):566-75 [1325180] Comment In: Am J Public Health. 1997 Apr;87(4):687-8 [9146457] Am J Public Health. 1997 Apr;87(4):689-90; author reply 690-1 [9146459] Am J Public Health. 1997 Apr;87(4):688-9; author reply 690-1 [9146458] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leukemia following low-dose total body irradiation and chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AN - 78042202; 8636772 AB - PURPOSE Low-dose total body irradiation (TBI) is used to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and several other malignancies. Large volumes of bone marrow and other tissue receive considerable exposure, but few studies have quantified late carcinogenic sequelae. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cohort of 61 2-year survivors of NHL treated initially with low-dose TBI was monitored for second cancer occurrence. Data on primary and subsequent therapy were collected, and cumulative dose of radiation to active bone marrow (ABM) (median, 5.2 Gy) was reconstructed. RESULTS Thirteen second primary cancers occurred. Four patients developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), which represents a relative risk (RR) of 117 (95% confidence interval [CI], 31.5 to 300) compared with population rates. A fifth patient was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). All five patients with secondary hematologic malignancies subsequently received salvage treatment, with either alkylating agents alone (n = 1) or combined modality therapy (CMT) (n = 4). Overall, eight solid tumors were observed (RR = 2.0; 95% CI, 0.9 to 4.0). The 15-year cumulative risks of all second cancers and secondary ANLL were 37% and 17%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite the small number of subjects, a considerable risk of leukemia was observed among patients treated with low-dose TBI in combination with CMT including alkylating agents. Based on these results, approximately eight to nine excess ANLLs might be expected to occur among 100 NHL patients treated with low-dose TBI and salvage treatment and followed-up for 15 years. JF - Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology AU - Travis, L B AU - Weeks, J AU - Curtis, R E AU - Chaffey, J T AU - Stovall, M AU - Banks, P M AU - Boice, J D AD - National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 565 EP - 571 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0732-183X, 0732-183X KW - Index Medicus KW - Combined Modality Therapy KW - Radiotherapy Dosage KW - Humans KW - Salvage Therapy KW - Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute -- etiology KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- administration & dosage KW - Bone Marrow -- radiation effects KW - Adolescent KW - Myelodysplastic Syndromes -- etiology KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin -- therapy KW - Neoplasms, Second Primary -- etiology KW - Whole-Body Irradiation -- adverse effects KW - Leukemia, Radiation-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78042202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+oncology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Clinical+Oncology&rft.atitle=Leukemia+following+low-dose+total+body+irradiation+and+chemotherapy+for+non-Hodgkin%27s+lymphoma.&rft.au=Travis%2C+L+B%3BWeeks%2C+J%3BCurtis%2C+R+E%3BChaffey%2C+J+T%3BStovall%2C+M%3BBanks%2C+P+M%3BBoice%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Travis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+oncology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Clinical+Oncology&rft.issn=0732183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-09 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a chemical spot-test kit for the detection of airborne particulate lead in the workplace. AN - 78002357; 8615324 AB - A commercial rhodizonate-based test kit was evaluated for its potential use in the detection of lead in airborne particulate samples at work sites. Over 350 air samples were collected at abrasive blasting lead paint abatement sites using cellulose ester membrane filters and personal sampling pumps. The filter samples were tested with the chemical spot test and then analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. No positive readings were recorded for lead masses below 1.3 micrograms Pb/filter, and no negative readings were observed for lead amounts above 8.1 micrograms Pb/filter. Experimental data were statistically molded in an effort to estimate the performance parameters of the spot test kit. The identification limit of the kit was found to be approximately 3.6 microgram/filter sample. For lead mass values above approximately 10 micrograms Pb/filter, 95% confidence of a positive reading was found, while 95% confidence of a negative reading was found for lead masses below approximately 0.6 micrograms Pb/filter. Based on the results of this study the rhodizonate-based test kit for lead demonstrates potential for use in field screening for lead in personal breathing zone and area air samples. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Ashley, K AU - Fischbach, T J AU - Song, R AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 161 EP - 165 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Paint KW - Decontamination KW - Spectrophotometry, Atomic KW - Likelihood Functions KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollution -- analysis KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78002357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+chemical+spot-test+kit+for+the+detection+of+airborne+particulate+lead+in+the+workplace.&rft.au=Ashley%2C+K%3BFischbach%2C+T+J%3BSong%2C+R&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.issn=09514198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Emergency Medical Dispatch. National Standard Curriculum. Instructor Guide. Trainee Guide. AN - 62442584; ED425308 AB - This guide contains all instructor materials and requirements for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD) National Standard Curriculum. It includes lesson plans, instructional aids, and tools and supporting information designed to elevate trained and experienced public safety telecommunicators to direct and manage their emergency medical resources effectively. The course provides EMD trainees with the skills and knowledge necessary to dispatch resources for medical emergencies. The course is broken down individual topics called modules. Each module is further sequenced into units. The four modules in the course cover the following: (1) basic emergency medical dispatch concepts; (2) information gathering and dispatch; (3) introduction to the Emergency Medical Dispatch Protocol Reference System and 32 chief complaint types; and (4) final examination. Two appendixes contain presentation skills and training hints, and sample scenarios for use in training. A student guide includes the four modules and a glossary. (KC) Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - February 1996 SP - 875 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. SN - 0160485479 KW - Medical Dispatch KW - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Students KW - Teachers KW - Occupational Information KW - Course Content KW - Communications KW - Teaching Guides KW - Workplace Literacy KW - Learning Activities KW - On the Job Training KW - Emergency Medical Technicians KW - National Standards KW - Medical Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62442584?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computational analysis of the specificity of 16S rRNA-derived signature sequences for identifying food-related microbes AN - 16381396; 4272139 AB - The efficacy of oligonucleotide-based molecular diagnostics for the identification of food-related microbes is critically dependent on the sequences of the gene probes or amplification primers used. Computational specificity analysis was used to evaluate and compare the apparent specificity of ribosomal small subunit (SSU)-derived signature sequences from a wide range of food-related microbes. Nine signature sequences were obtained from the SSU sequences of each of 40 species, the apparent specificity of each signature sequence was determined by using the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) microbial SSU dataset. Use of the RDP database made it possible to compare results from a phylogenetically heterogeneous group of microbes. At least one species-specific signature sequence was found for 39 of the 40 species. Signature sequences derived from the SSU V1 and V2 variable regions were the most specific. The apparent specificity of each of 77 SSU-based identification sequences obtained from the literature was also tested. Although a relatively large number of the published sequences were either non-specific or could not be matched to homologous sequences in the RDP database, most species-specific published sequences also originated from the V1 and V2 variable regions. These results show that computational specificity analysis and sequence databases can be used to assess and compare the specificity of SSU-derived signature sequences for any food-related microbe, but that the addition of new sequences to the databases necessitates periodic reassessment of specificity. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Gendel, S M AD - Biotechnology Studies Branch, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, 6502 S. Archer Road, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - Feb 1996 SP - 1 EP - 15 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - food KW - microorganisms KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16381396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Computational+analysis+of+the+specificity+of+16S+rRNA-derived+signature+sequences+for+identifying+food-related+microbes&rft.au=Gendel%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Gendel&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model fo 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dosimetry in the developing rabbit brain AN - 15779199; 3989096 AB - A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model that describes the kinetics of organic anions by using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a representative compound was constructed for the developing rabbit brain at near-term pregnancy (Gestation Day 30). The model consisted of brain, body, and venous and arterial compartments for the mother which were linked to the fetus by a placenta. Maternal brain compartments in the model were brain plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain tissue including hypothalamus, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, forebrain, brainstem, and cerebellum. The fetus consisted of brain, body, amniotic fluid, and venous and arterial compartments. The maternal body had both a central and a deep compartment; the fetal body had only one compartment. Maternal blood flow to the fetus was modeled as blood flowing to the placenta, where it was equilibrated before it reached the fetus. The brain uptake was membrane-limited by the blood-brain barrier, with saturable clearance from the CSF into the venous blood by the choroid plexus in both fetus and mother. The model was used to compare concentrations of 2,4-D in maternal and fetal brain, maternal and fetal plasma, and amniotic fluid over time with experimental data from pregnant rabbits given 2,4-D intravenously (1, 10, or 40 mg/kg). The model adequately simulated the 2-hr time course of 2,4-D concentrations in both mother and fetus. With continued development, this generic PBPK model should be a useful tool for evaluating the safety of organic acid neurotoxicants in the developing brain. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Kim, C S AU - Binienda, Z AU - Sandberg, JA AD - Division of Toxicological Research (HFS-506), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1996/02// PY - 1996 DA - Feb 1996 SP - 250 EP - 259 VL - 136 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - pharmacokinetics KW - dosimetry KW - rabbits KW - 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid KW - brain KW - 2,4-D KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - blood-brain barrier KW - herbicides KW - neurotoxicity KW - embryogenesis KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15779199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Construction+of+a+physiologically+based+pharmacokinetic+model+fo+2%2C4-dichlorophenoxyacetic+acid+dosimetry+in+the+developing+rabbit+brain&rft.au=Kim%2C+C+S%3BBinienda%2C+Z%3BSandberg%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - brain; embryogenesis; neurotoxicity; herbicides; blood-brain barrier ER - TY - RPRT T1 - FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION RELOCATION, BROOKLYN, KINGS COUNTY, NEW YORK. AN - 36407307; 5564 AB - PURPOSE: The relocation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) district office and regional laboratory in Brooklyn, New York, is proposed. The facility, the largest FDA facility outside the Washington, District of Columbia, area, is located on the seventh and eighth floors of Building 2 within the federal complex in the Sunset Park section of Brooklyn. The building is in a severely deteriorated condition, with spalling concrete posing a hazard to passing pedestrians. In addition, the entire building exterior is weathered and stained, with large areas of spalling around concrete columns, spandrel panels and window sills. Rehabilitation is estimated to cost in excess on $50.0 million. Three alternatives, including a No-Build Alternative, are considered in this draft EIS. The proposed action would involve constructing a new facility at the intersection of 158th Street and Liberty Avenue in the Jamaica section of Queens, New York. The site is presently occupied by a surface parking lot. The building would be constructed and owned by a private developer, and the federal government would enter into a 20-year lease of the facility for the FDA. The FDA would require 280,000 square feet of office, storage, and ancillary space; 50 secure parking spaces; and 200 additional parking spaces. The facility would house the office of the regional FDA director, the New York district office, and the New York regional laboratory. The relocation would require amendments to the New York City zoning map and the York College Urban Renewal Plan in order to permit laboratory use in the area. Estimated construction costs of the project are $74.6 million. An alternative involving the renovation of the existing facility is also under consideration. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The proposed action would improve and expand the space for the operation of FDA regional office in New York, removing federal workers from unsafe working conditions. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: During construction, the project could adversely affect, in the short term, traffic flow, air quality, and ambient noise levels. JF - EPA number: 960050, 451 pages and maps, January 29, 1996 PY - 1996 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Buildings KW - Employment KW - Noise KW - Parking KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Traffic Analyses KW - New York UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36407307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+RELOCATION%2C+BROOKLYN%2C+KINGS+COUNTY%2C+NEW+YORK.&rft.title=FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+RELOCATION%2C+BROOKLYN%2C+KINGS+COUNTY%2C+NEW+YORK.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - General Services Administration, New York, New York; GSA N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: January 29, 1996 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of combination of suboptimal concentrations of P-glycoprotein blockers on the proliferation of MDR1 gene expressing cells. AN - 77989234; 8575863 AB - Pharmacologically active in vivo doses of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) blockers, specifically verapamil, Cremophor EL and PSC833 cause toxicity in addition to that from the concomitantly used cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. It was shown before that these blockers cause different types of toxicities in vivo. We found that these 3 chemically distinct Pgp blockers exert different biophysical effects on the membranes of L1210 MDR cells. They also affect the general metabolism of these cells differently, but all block affinity labeling of Pgp. We could also show that the combination of suboptimal doses of these blockers can restore the uptake of the Pgp substrate rhodamine 123 into L1210MDR, 3T3MDR and KB-VI cells and can reduce the survival rate of these cells when treated in combination with daunorubicin. Our results suggest that the combination of suboptimal doses of these Pgp blockers may be advantageous in clinical practice. JF - International journal of cancer AU - Hwang, M AU - Ahn, C H AU - Pine, P S AU - Yin, J J AU - Hrycyna, C A AU - Licht, T AU - Aszalos, A AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/01/26/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 26 SP - 389 EP - 397 VL - 65 IS - 3 SN - 0020-7136, 0020-7136 KW - Calcium Channel Blockers KW - 0 KW - Cyclosporins KW - P-Glycoprotein KW - cremophor EL KW - 6D4M1DAL6O KW - Verapamil KW - CJ0O37KU29 KW - Glycerol KW - PDC6A3C0OX KW - valspodar KW - Q7ZP55KF3X KW - Index Medicus KW - Leukemia KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Transfection KW - Humans KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - P-Glycoprotein -- genetics KW - Calcium Channel Blockers -- pharmacology KW - Cell Membrane -- drug effects KW - Glycerol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Cyclosporins -- pharmacology KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Verapamil -- pharmacology KW - Glycerol -- pharmacology KW - P-Glycoprotein -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77989234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.atitle=Effect+of+combination+of+suboptimal+concentrations+of+P-glycoprotein+blockers+on+the+proliferation+of+MDR1+gene+expressing+cells.&rft.au=Hwang%2C+M%3BAhn%2C+C+H%3BPine%2C+P+S%3BYin%2C+J+J%3BHrycyna%2C+C+A%3BLicht%2C+T%3BAszalos%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hwang&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-26&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-13 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Negative bias in exposure-response trends in occupational studies: modeling the healthy workers survivor effect. AN - 77972025; 8546122 AB - Many occupational studies analyze trends between cumulative exposure and mortality. The authors show that such trends are, in general, negatively confounded by employment status. Mortality rates for workers who leave work ("inactive" workers) are higher than for active workers because some workers leave because they are ill. The percentage of inactive relative to active person-time is higher in low categories of cumulative exposure, causing employment status to act as a negative confounder of exposure-response trends (the opposite occurs for time-since-hire). We illustrate these phenomena using 10 "negative" mortality studies, in which adjustment for employment status removes false trends. However, adjustment for employment status will lead to biased estimates when it acts as an intermediate variable between cumulative exposure and death, as occurs directly when exposure causes a disabling disease that, in turn, causes death or indirectly when exposure causes workers to leave work. The authors illustrate this problem using simulated follow-up data for leaving, disease incidence, and mortality. In the null case in which cumulative exposure affects neither disease incidence (or mortality) nor leaving rates, employment status indeed acts as a negative confounder of exposure-response trends, and traditional adjustment eliminates this confounding. However, when cumulative exposure affects disease incidence or rates of leaving, adjustment for employment status will not be adequate. Employment status falls under the general rubric of variables that are simultaneously confounders and intermediate variables. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Steenland, K AU - Deddens, J AU - Salvan, A AU - Stayner, L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/01/15/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 15 SP - 202 EP - 210 VL - 143 IS - 2 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Cohort Studies KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Survival Analysis KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77972025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Negative+bias+in+exposure-response+trends+in+occupational+studies%3A+modeling+the+healthy+workers+survivor+effect.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BDeddens%2C+J%3BSalvan%2C+A%3BStayner%2C+L&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-15&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-09 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food and Drug Administration Proposed Guidelines for Neurotoxicological Testing of Food Chemicals. AN - 78720059; 9086506 AB - The fact that some chemicals may adversely affect the nervous system is certainly not a new concept in regulatory toxicology. In 1982, the FDA issued testing guidelines for the safety evaluation of proposed direct food and color additives which included the assessment of nervous system toxicity as part of the general toxicological profile. However, these guidelines provide only broad and nonspecific recommendations as to how this assessment may best be carried out. The information derived from toxicity screening studies conducted according to these guidelines enable little more than the detection of clearly evident adult nervous system toxicity associated with general neuropathology and overt neurological dysfunction. Little consistent or systematically documented information is typically developed about other equally important types of neurotoxic effects including, for example, behavioral dysfunction and developmental neurotoxicity. Concerns about these more subtle types of neurotoxic effects have become a prominent public health issue and have resulted in demands for an increasing level of assurance that efforts are being made to minimize even further the risks of neurotoxicity from human exposure to chemical substances. In an effort to address these concerns, the FDA is including specific attention to neurotoxicity in a proposed revision of its toxicity testing guidelines for food additives. These proposed guidelines focus on a more careful evaluation of structural and functional measures of neurotoxicity as a routine component of safety assessment. This focus will enable the development of the type of information needed for a more effective assessment of the full spectrum of neurotoxic hazards. The revised guidelines for neurotoxicity testing will be discussed in terms of the FDA's overall approach to safety assessment. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Sobotka, T J AU - Ekelman, K B AU - Slikker, W AU - Raffaele, K AU - Hattan, D G AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 825 EP - 836 VL - 17 IS - 3-4 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Food -- toxicity KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78720059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Food+and+Drug+Administration+Proposed+Guidelines+for+Neurotoxicological+Testing+of+Food+Chemicals.&rft.au=Sobotka%2C+T+J%3BEkelman%2C+K+B%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BRaffaele%2C+K%3BHattan%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Sobotka&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1997-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Myelotoxic effects of the bifunctional alkylating agent bizelesin on human, canine and murine myeloid progenitor cells. AN - 78675526; 8995512 AB - Bizelesin is a potent synthetic derivative of the anticancer agent CC-1065 that preferentially alkylates and binds the minor grove of DNA. Preclinical animal studies have found bizelesin to be more toxic to beagle dogs than to rodents and that myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity. This toxicity was dose- and time-dependent in all species. Due to the significant difference in the in vivo myelotoxicity between species, it was important to determine which one most closely resembles humans on a pharmacodynamic basis. Therefore, hematopoietic clonal assays were utilized to evaluate the effects of bizelesin on granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-gm) colony formation. Marrow cells were exposed in vitro to bizelesin (0.001-1000 nM) for 1 or 8 h and then assayed for colony formation. There was a 3-log difference in drug concentration at which 100% colony inhibition occurred (1 or 8 h) for murine CFU-gm versus human or canine CFU-gm. The IC70 value after an 8-h bizelesin exposure for human CFU-gm (0.006 +/- 0.002 nM) was 2220-times lower than for murine CFU-gm (13.32 +/- 8.31 nM). At any given concentration, an 8 h drug exposure resulted in greater colony inhibition than a 1 h exposure for all species (P < 0.05). Increasing exposure time from 1 to 8 h increased toxicity to human and canine CFU-gm much more than to murine CFU-gm. The clinically formulated drug solution was a more potent inhibitor of human colony formation than drug dissolved in DMSO. The IC70 value after a 1-h exposure was 1.7 times lower for human CFU-gm with formulated bizelesin (0.106 +/- 0.105 nM) than bulk drug in DMSO (0.184 +/- 0.044 nM). The results of these in vitro clonal assays were qualitatively consistent with those seen in whole animal studies, suggesting that bizelesin will be a potent myelosuppressive agent in the clinic. Since the dose-limiting toxicity in preclinical models is myelosuppression and the in vitro sensitivity of human and canine CFU-gm is similar, the canine maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is better than the murine MTD to determine a safe starting dose for phase I clinical trials. JF - Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology AU - Volpe, D A AU - Tomaszewski, J E AU - Parchment, R E AU - Garg, A AU - Flora, K P AU - Murphy, M J AU - Grieshaber, C K AD - Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708-2476, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 143 EP - 149 VL - 39 IS - 1-2 SN - 0344-5704, 0344-5704 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating KW - 0 KW - Indoles KW - bizelesin KW - 129655-21-6 KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor KW - 83869-56-1 KW - Urea KW - 8W8T17847W KW - Index Medicus KW - Stem Cells -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Dogs KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Species Specificity KW - Bone Marrow -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Indoles -- toxicity KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating -- pharmacology KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- drug effects KW - Indoles -- pharmacology KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating -- toxicity KW - Urea -- pharmacology KW - Urea -- toxicity KW - Urea -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78675526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Myelotoxic+effects+of+the+bifunctional+alkylating+agent+bizelesin+on+human%2C+canine+and+murine+myeloid+progenitor+cells.&rft.au=Volpe%2C+D+A%3BTomaszewski%2C+J+E%3BParchment%2C+R+E%3BGarg%2C+A%3BFlora%2C+K+P%3BMurphy%2C+M+J%3BGrieshaber%2C+C+K&rft.aulast=Volpe&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.issn=03445704&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a novel mouse tk+/- embryonic stem cell line for use in mutagenicity studies. AN - 78654454; 8991081 AB - A tk+/- mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line, designated 1G2, has been created in which one allele of the thymidine kinase (tk) gene was inactivated by targeted homologous recombination. This line is an analog of the mouse lymphoma tk+/- L5178Y cell line, which is used widely to assess the mutagenicity of chemical agents. Treatment of 1G2 cells with the alkylating agent N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) resulted in a dose-related increase in trifluorothymidine-resistant colonies. Mutant frequencies of 152 and 296 per 10(6) cells were determined for 0.1 and 0.3 mg/ml doses of ENU, compared with a spontaneous mutant frequency of 15 per 10(6) cells. The data indicate that tk+/- 1G2 ES cells may be useful for the creation of a transgenic mouse model for assessing in vivo mutation using an endogenous autosomal gene. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Dobrovolsky, V N AU - Casciano, D A AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 483 EP - 489 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Antimetabolites KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Trifluridine KW - RMW9V5RW38 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Resistance -- genetics KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Trifluridine -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Antimetabolites -- pharmacology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Trifluridine -- pharmacology KW - Antimetabolites -- metabolism KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Cell Line KW - Stem Cells -- drug effects KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- cytology KW - Thymidine Kinase -- drug effects KW - Stem Cells -- physiology KW - Mutation KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- drug effects KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78654454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+novel+mouse+tk%2B%2F-+embryonic+stem+cell+line+for+use+in+mutagenicity+studies.&rft.au=Dobrovolsky%2C+V+N%3BCasciano%2C+D+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Dobrovolsky&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-05 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lithium and neuroleptics in combination: the spectrum of neurotoxicity [corrected]. AN - 78619111; 8961772 AB - Classifying neurotoxicity in relation to neuroleptic use has been a longstanding concern with clinical, research, and epidemiologic import. This study examines the clinical manifestations of neurotoxicity and current concepts regarding its classification. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Spontaneous Reporting System data base and extant literature were reviewed for lithium/neuroleptic neurotoxicity spectrum cases. Lithium-alone (LI), lithium/haloperidol (LiHal), and lithium/non-haloperidol neuroleptics (Li-NonHal) groups, each paired for recovery and sequelae, were established for 237 cases. Data on demographic factors, psychiatric diagnosis, and symptoms/signs/findings were tabulated. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) was used as a paradigm for severe neurotoxicity; the cases were evaluated by two strict, published sets of NMS diagnostic criteria and two "probable" classifications (one published and one established for study) based on these criteria. Altered consciousness was prominent in all groups. Hypertonia/rigidity was most pronounced in both LiHal groups, possibly reflecting higher relative neuroleptic dosing; Li and LINonHal recovery and sequelae pairs showed lower, similar percentages. Among other physical findings, tremor was either most common or prominent. Neither set of strict criteria diagnosed NMS in more than 30 percent of cases in any group. Expansion of classifications to include "probable" diagnoses resulted in appreciable global group percentage increases for only one set of criteria. The high percentage of study cases not meeting even "probable" NMS criteria, despite marked clinical morbidity that at times resulted in permanent sequelae, provides a cautionary note regarding the limitations of formulated diagnostic criteria. Data base caveats notwithstanding, study findings support the consideration of a spectrum approach to classifying and diagnosing psychotropic-related neurotoxicity. JF - Psychopharmacology bulletin AU - Goldman, S A AD - MedWatch, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 299 EP - 309 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0048-5764, 0048-5764 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - 0 KW - Lithium KW - 9FN79X2M3F KW - Haloperidol KW - J6292F8L3D KW - Index Medicus KW - Haloperidol -- adverse effects KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Drug Interactions KW - Muscle Hypertonia -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Lithium -- blood KW - Consciousness Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Lithium -- adverse effects KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78619111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology+bulletin&rft.atitle=Lithium+and+neuroleptics+in+combination%3A+the+spectrum+of+neurotoxicity+%5Bcorrected%5D.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology+bulletin&rft.issn=00485764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-21 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Psychopharmacol Bull 1996;32(4):544 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Historic ceremonial and medicinal use of tobacco among American Indians. AN - 78554810; 8936093 JF - Alaska medicine AU - Reece, D H AD - Tobacco Control, Indian Health Service, Cancer Prevention & Control Program, Albuquerque, NM 87110, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 8 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0002-4538, 0002-4538 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - United States KW - Phytotherapy KW - History, 20th Century KW - Humans KW - History, 18th Century KW - History, 19th Century KW - Alaska KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Tobacco KW - Ceremonial Behavior KW - Medicine, Traditional -- history KW - Smoking -- history UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78554810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alaska+medicine&rft.atitle=Historic+ceremonial+and+medicinal+use+of+tobacco+among+American+Indians.&rft.au=Reece%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Reece&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alaska+medicine&rft.issn=00024538&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-01-08 N1 - Date created - 1997-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytochrome P-450 and acetyltransferase expression as biomarkers of carcinogen-DNA adduct levels and human cancer susceptibility. AN - 78488067; 8895986 AB - Carcinogen-DNA adducts are generally regarded as relevant biomarkers of carcinogen exposure and their levels in target tissues have often been predictive of tumor incidence in experimental animals. Thus, human risk assessment procedures have utilized dose-response models that assume proportional relationships between carcinogen exposure and cancer susceptibility, even though wide inter-individual variations in human metabolic activating enzymes have now been clearly established. To evaluate these approaches, we have examined the relationship between carcinogen exposure, DNA adduct levels, metabolic activation phenotypes, and cancers of the larynx, urinary bladder, and colon. Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for cancers of the larynx and urinary bladder. In the larynx, the DNA adducts appear to be derived predominantly from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and are evident only in tissue from smokers. However, adduct levels appear to be determined primarily by expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9/10, which varies > 10-fold in different individuals. This CYP catalyzes the metabolic activation of benzo (alpha) pyrene (BP) to a 9-hydroxy-BP-DNA adduct that accounts for up to 25% of the putative PAH adducts formed in vivo. For the urinary bladder, putative aromatic amine (AA)-DNA adducts are predominant and are significantly elevated in current smokers. Rapid CYP1A2 and slow acetyltransferase (NAT2) phenotypes have been previously implicated in the activation (N-oxidation) and detoxification (N-acetylation) of AAs for human bladder carcinogenesis. Data now indicate that NAT1, which is expressed in human urothelium and catalyzes the O-acetylation of N-hydroxy arylamines, is significantly correlated with DNA adduct levels and is bimodally distributed in this tissue. Colo-rectal cancer risk, which has been associated with exposure to heterocyclic amines (HAs) in cooked foods, is strongly elevated in individuals with the combined rapid phenotypes for CYP1A2 and NAT2. These enzymes are uniquely responsible for HA N-oxidation and subsequent O-acetylation, forming DNA adducts that are found in human colon. These studies indicate that cancer risk assessment procedures should be redesigned to include biomarkers of susceptibility, especially those involved in carcinogen bioactivation. JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Badawi, A F AU - Stern, S J AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 109 EP - 140 VL - 395 SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Acetyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Laryngeal Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Laryngeal Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Biotransformation -- genetics KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Enzyme Induction KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Acetyltransferases -- biosynthesis KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- biosynthesis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Acetyltransferases -- genetics KW - Neoplasms -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78488067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=Cytochrome+P-450+and+acetyltransferase+expression+as+biomarkers+of+carcinogen-DNA+adduct+levels+and+human+cancer+susceptibility.&rft.au=Badawi%2C+A+F%3BStern%2C+S+J%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Badawi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=395&rft.issue=&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of gentian violet and its metabolite leucogentian violet in catfish muscle using liquid chromatography combined with atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. AN - 78467763; 8885419 AB - Gentian violet (GV) is a triphenylmethane dye antiseptic with potential for illegal use in livestock production, especially aquaculture where the related malachite green has been widely used. This potential misuse has regulatory importance because of the observed rodent carcinogenicity of GV. This report describes the use of online LC-APCI/MS for confirmation of incurred GV residues, and those of its principal metabolite, LGV, in catfish muscle following treatment of live catfish with GV under putative use conditions. LC with APCI/MS detection provided sensitive analysis of GV and LGV with estimated detection limits of < 1 pg observed for both compounds. Fragmentation of GV and LGV via in-source CID was effected by varying the sampling cone-skimmer voltage. Ion intensity data were collected using a rapid cone voltage switching procedure that permits selected ion acquisition under optimal conditions for the parent molecule and several selected fragment ions. For GV, four ions including the ionized molecule were used and for LGV, six ions including the protonated molecule were used. The levels of GV and LGV in muscle from fish dosed with 10 micrograms/l in aquarium water were determined by LC/VIS to be 0.5 and 44 ppb, respectively. Analysis of these samples yielded ion intensity ratios that agreed precisely between injections (< 5%) and accurately with those generated by a comparable amount of authentic GV and LGV (< 10% deviation). These results show the utility of on-line LC-APCI/MS to do both sensitive confirmatory analyses of incurred drug residues for use in monitoring the food supply. JF - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM AU - Doerge, D R AU - Churchwell, M I AU - Rushing, L G AU - Bajic, S AD - Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1479 EP - 1484 VL - 10 IS - 12 SN - 0951-4198, 0951-4198 KW - Antiparasitic Agents KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - leucogentian violet KW - 603-48-5 KW - Gentian Violet KW - J4Z741D6O5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Online Systems KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Antiparasitic Agents -- analysis KW - Gentian Violet -- analysis KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- chemistry KW - Catfishes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78467763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+gentian+violet+and+its+metabolite+leucogentian+violet+in+catfish+muscle+using+liquid+chromatography+combined+with+atmospheric+pressure+ionization+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Doerge%2C+D+R%3BChurchwell%2C+M+I%3BRushing%2C+L+G%3BBajic%2C+S&rft.aulast=Doerge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.issn=09514198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Machinery-related occupational fatalities in the United States, 1980 to 1989. AN - 78443975; 8871334 AB - The National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system identified machinery-related incidents as the second leading cause of traumatic occupational fatalities in the United States between 1980 and 1989. These incidents resulted in 8,505 civilian worker deaths and an average annual fatality rate of .80 per 100,000 workers. Workers aged 65 years and older had 5.8 times the fatality rate of workers aged 16 to 64 years (4.06 vs. 70). The highest industry-specific rate was noted in agriculture, forestry, and fishing (7.47). Tractors and other agricultural machinery were associated with nearly 9 of every 10 fatal machinery-related incidents involving workers aged 65 or older. Although numerous studies of agricultural machinery-related fatalities are found in the literature, detailed analyses of machinery-related fatalities in the construction industry as well as analyses of work situations and risk factors associated with fatal injuries are needed. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Pratt, S G AU - Kisner, S M AU - Helmkamp, J C AD - Surveillance and Field Investigations Branch, Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 70 EP - 76 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Man-Machine Systems KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Occupations -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78443975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.atitle=Effect+of+combination+of+suboptimal+concentrations+of+P-glycoprotein+blockers+on+the+proliferation+of+MDR1+gene+expressing+cells.&rft.au=Hwang%2C+M%3BAhn%2C+C+H%3BPine%2C+P+S%3BYin%2C+J+J%3BHrycyna%2C+C+A%3BLicht%2C+T%3BAszalos%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hwang&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-26&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-02-27 N1 - Date created - 1997-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of fumonisins in the U.S. food supply. AN - 78411672; 8850602 AB - Over the past several years a great deal of interest has been shown in assessing human exposure to the fumonisins. This interest, of course, arises as a result of the finding of fumonisins in foods and the expanding data base on toxicological effects, both acute and sub-acute. The basis for exposure assessment lies in surveys of foods as well as a knowledge of consumption patterns. An overview of such surveys, limited as they are, will be presented along with some evaluation of the methodology used. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Pohland, A E AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 19 EP - 26 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Food Analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78411672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+fumonisins+in+the+U.S.+food+supply.&rft.au=Pohland%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Pohland&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitation and identification of fumonisins by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. AN - 78406245; 8850606 AB - A method was evaluated for the quantitation and identification of fumonisins by on-line liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with electrospray ionization. A linear response in the full-scan mode with positive ion detection was obtained for fumonisin B1 (FB1) over the range of 5-5000 ng injected on-column. Purified FB1, FB2, and half-hydrolyzed FB1 showed equimolar responses. Fully hydrolyzed FB1 did not show a similar molar response profile and produced a signal which was approximately 2 times that obtained for an equal quantity of FB1. Most known fumonisins and preparative by-products such as methyl esters were chromatographically resolved and identified by MS by using an acetonitrile gradient and positive ion detection. Negative ion electrospray was used to differentiate fumonisin amides from esters on the basis of differences in response. Response factors for FB1 and the acetyl amide of FB1 in the negative ion mode at pH 4.5 were approximately 1:3, respectively. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Musser, S M AD - Instrumentation and Biophysics Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 65 EP - 74 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Trifluoroacetic Acid KW - E5R8Z4G708 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78406245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Quantitation+and+identification+of+fumonisins+by+liquid+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Musser%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Musser&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory aspects of fumonisins in the United States. AN - 78405571; 8850631 AB - The hazards and risks from fumonisins, a relatively recently discovered class of mycotoxins, are in the process of being characterized. Any risk management approach must consider the uncertainties in the risk characterization and practicalities of control options. This paper addresses risk management alternatives, especially in the context of the Food and Drug Administration's legal authorities, and the potential impacts of the alternatives. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Troxell, T C AD - Division of Programs and Enforcement Policy, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 355 EP - 361 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Contamination KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78405571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Regulatory+aspects+of+fumonisins+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Troxell%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Troxell&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory aspects of fumonisins with respect to animal feed. Animal derived residues in foods. AN - 78405240; 8850632 AB - The fumonisins are a recently discovered class of mycotoxins produced primarily by Fusarium (F.) moniliforme and F. proliferatum. Fumonisins present in mycotoxin-contaminated feed have been identified as the causative agent of equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. To prevent these diseases, FDA has utilized informal guidance levels for fumonisins in feed and initiated a surveillance program for fumonisins in feed corn and corn by-products during FY 93 and 94. Natural contaminants present in animal feed can enter the human food supply as residues present in animal tissues and other animal derived products. Although fumonisin guidance levels were originally set based on animal safety, FDA also ensures the human food safety of animal products from animals fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed. Recent pharmacokinetic studies in food-producing animals as well as statutory requirements for regulating natural toxins will be discussed in light of FDA's human food safety mandate. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Miller, M A AU - Honstead, J P AU - Lovell, R A AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, USFDA, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 363 EP - 368 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Fusarium KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Zea mays KW - Food Contamination KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78405240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Regulatory+aspects+of+fumonisins+with+respect+to+animal+feed.+Animal+derived+residues+in+foods.&rft.au=Miller%2C+M+A%3BHonstead%2C+J+P%3BLovell%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of thermal processing on the stability of fumonisins. AN - 78403636; 8850630 AB - Fumonisins, a group of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme in corn, have been implicated in several animal and human diseases. F. moniliforme and the fumonisins are an area of incresing concern for corn producers and consumers. Consequently, there is interest in reducing human and animal exposure to these fungal toxins. Studies of the effects of biological, chemical, and physical treatments on the reduction of fumonisin levels in food have shown variable results. Work was conducted at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, to determine the effects of thermal processing on fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) in an aqueous buffer. Parameters that were studied included processing time (0-60 min), processing temperature (100-235 degrees C), and buffer pH (4, 7, and 10). The rate and extent of fumonisin decomposition increased with processing temperature. Less than 27% of FB1 and less than 20% of FB2 were lost when processing temperatures were less than or equal to 125 degrees C for 60 min. After 60 min at 150 degrees C, losses of FB1 and FB2 were 80-90% at pH 4, 18-30% at pH 7, and 40-52% at pH 10. At temperatures greater than or equal to 175 degrees C, more than 80% of FB1 and FB2 was lost after 60 min. These results indicate that foods reaching temperatures greater than 150 degrees C during processing may have lower fumonisin levels. More work is needed to quantitate the effects of different processing operations (baking, extrusion, frying) on the fumonisin content of corn-based foods. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Jackson, L S AU - Hlywka, J J AU - Senthil, K R AU - Bullerman, L B AD - National Center for Food Safety and Technology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 345 EP - 353 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fusarium KW - Drug Stability KW - Animals KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- chemistry KW - Hot Temperature KW - Food Contamination KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78403636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+thermal+processing+on+the+stability+of+fumonisins.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+L+S%3BHlywka%2C+J+J%3BSenthil%2C+K+R%3BBullerman%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The mycotoxin fumonisin induces apoptosis in cultured human cells and in livers and kidneys of rats. AN - 78400689; 8850621 AB - Fumonisin B1 is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme, a fungus that infects corn and other grains in the U.S. Fumonisin ingestion causes a variety of effects including equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema, and has been associated epidemiologically with human esophageal cancer. Fumonisin B1 produces growth inhibition and increased apoptosis in primary human keratinocyte cultures and in HET-1A cells. In order to set the doses for a 2-year tumor bioassay, male and female F344 rats were fed fumonisin B1 (99, 163, 234, and 484 ppm) for 28 days and the organs examined histologically. There was a dose dependent decrease in liver and kidney weights in the rats. The liver weight loss was accompanied by the induction of apoptosis and hepatocellular and bile duct hyperplasia in both sexes, with the female rats being more responsive at lower doses. The induction of tubular epithelial cell apoptosis was the primary response of the kidneys to dietary fumonisin B1. Apoptosis was present at all doses in the kidneys of the male rats, and occurred in the females only at 163, 234, and 484 ppm fumonisin B1. These results demonstrate that fumonisin B1 treatment causes a similar increase in apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Tolleson, W H AU - Dooley, K L AU - Sheldon, W G AU - Thurman, J D AU - Bucci, T J AU - Howard, P C AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 237 EP - 250 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Esophagus KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Humans KW - Epithelium KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cell Division KW - Mycotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Mycotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Apoptosis KW - Kidney -- cytology KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78400689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=The+mycotoxin+fumonisin+induces+apoptosis+in+cultured+human+cells+and+in+livers+and+kidneys+of+rats.&rft.au=Tolleson%2C+W+H%3BDooley%2C+K+L%3BSheldon%2C+W+G%3BThurman%2C+J+D%3BBucci%2C+T+J%3BHoward%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Tolleson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid culture methods for the production of fumonisin. AN - 78400341; 8850618 AB - Currently, fumonisin B1 is obtained primarily by using solid culture methods. Although fumonisin B1 concentrations obtained in solid culture are typically quite high, subsequent extraction and purification present problems. In addition, current methods utilize complex media which makes analysis of biosynthetic pathways and control mechanisms difficult. Liquid culture methods of production could eliminate many problems associated with production in solid culture. However, in the past, concentrations obtained in liquid culture have been relatively low. In this work, factors affecting the production of fumonisin B1 from a shake flask scale of 100 ml to a fermenter scale of 100 liters were examined. Best results were obtained by using a fed batch method that is nitrogen limited, with pH control. With this method, concentrations in excess of 1000 ppm can be obtained. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Keller, S E AU - Sullivan, T M AD - Biotechnology Studies Branch, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, US Food and Drug Administration, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 205 EP - 212 VL - 392 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Fusarium -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78400341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Liquid+culture+methods+for+the+production+of+fumonisin.&rft.au=Keller%2C+S+E%3BSullivan%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ICI 182,780 inhibits endogenous estrogen-dependent rat uterine growth and tamoxifen-induced developmental toxicity. AN - 78396043; 8838013 AB - To assess the effects of the steroidal antiestrogen ICI 182,780 on postnatal uterine development, female Sprague-Dawley rats were given s.c. injections of ICI 182,780 (0.1-100 micrograms/rat) on each of postnatal days (PND) 10-14. ICI 182,780 inhibited uterine growth, as measured by uterine weight, in a dose-dependent manner but had no effect on either uterine luminal epithelium hypertrophy or gland genesis. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that ICI 182,780 (10 micrograms) markedly reduced uterine estrogen receptor (ER) immunoreactivity in all uterine cell types while tamoxifen (10 micrograms) increased ER immunoreactivity, most notably in the luminal epithelium. In addition, tamoxifen increased uterine weight and induced luminal epithelium hypertrophy but inhibited uterine gland genesis--outcomes also seen with synthetic estrogens such as diethylstilbestrol. To test the hypothesis that these effects are a consequence of the estrogen agonist activity of tamoxifen, rats were cotreated with ICI 182,780 (10 micrograms, PND 8-14) and tamoxifen (10 micrograms, PND 10-14). ICI 182,780 greatly reduced or completely blocked tamoxifen-induced uterine weight gain, luminal epithelium hypertrophy, tamoxifen-induced ER immunoreactivity, and the inhibition of uterine gland genesis. ICI 182,780 given daily on PND 1-5 did not alter PND 5 uterine weight or uterine differentiation on PND 26. We conclude that postnatal exposure to ICI 182,780 does not affect uterine growth or differentiation at an age when the uterus is not dependent on estrogen for growth, i.e., PND 1-5, but does inhibit later endogenous estrogen-dependent uterine growth. The blockade of tamoxifen-induced uterine developmental alterations by ICI 182,780 demonstrates that these tamoxifen effects result from its estrogen agonist activity. JF - Biology of reproduction AU - Branham, W S AU - Fishman, R AU - Streck, R D AU - Medlock, K L AU - De George, J J AU - Sheehan, D M AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 160 EP - 167 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0006-3363, 0006-3363 KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Estrogens KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - fulvestrant KW - 22X328QOC4 KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Epithelium -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- metabolism KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Uterus -- metabolism KW - Uterus -- growth & development KW - Estradiol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Tamoxifen -- pharmacology KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Estrogens -- physiology KW - Uterus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78396043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.atitle=ICI+182%2C780+inhibits+endogenous+estrogen-dependent+rat+uterine+growth+and+tamoxifen-induced+developmental+toxicity.&rft.au=Branham%2C+W+S%3BFishman%2C+R%3BStreck%2C+R+D%3BMedlock%2C+K+L%3BDe+George%2C+J+J%3BSheehan%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Branham&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.issn=00063363&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Problems in consideration of rodent hepatocarcinogenesis for regulatory purposes. AN - 78388182; 8839291 AB - Hepatoproliferative lesions of rodents are frequently reported in petitions containing pathology data from chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies submitted to the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition of the Food and Drug Administration. The Pathology Branch of the Office of Scientific Analysis and Support evaluates these data, which are submitted in support of the safe use of food additives, color additives, and other regulated products. Data are reviewed for the adequacy of the information provided, the terminology used to describe the reported lesions, and the overall scientific rationale used in interpreting the biological significance of the observed lesions. When questions arise during the review process, additional data, information, or clarification are sought from the petitioner. Microslides may be requested from the petitioner so that an independent evaluation of the lesions may be conducted. Several examples of recent evaluations of hepatoproliferative lesions are presented to illustrate some of the problems encountered during the review process and to demonstrate the procedures and approaches used in the evaluation of hepatocellular lesions within the center. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Moch, R W AU - Dua, P N AU - Hines, F A AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 138 EP - 145 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Food Additives KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Mice KW - Food Additives -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pathology -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78388182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Problems+in+consideration+of+rodent+hepatocarcinogenesis+for+regulatory+purposes.&rft.au=Moch%2C+R+W%3BDua%2C+P+N%3BHines%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Moch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Actions and interactions of nickel and magnesium on the transformation response of transformed cells in culture. AN - 78377808; 8834357 AB - Nickel (Ni) and magnesium (Mg) exert separate and interacting effects on cells: Ni is toxic while Mg enhances the transformation response of transformed cells and protects from heavy metal-induced toxicity. Transformed rat liver epithelial cells were used in the soft agar (SA) assay to measure the effect of Ni and/or Mg on the expression of anchorage independence. Cells were exposed to +/- Ni and +/- Mg in a single passage of growth medium (GM) prior to assay in SA. The cells were then treated with +/- Ni and +/- Mg in the SA resulting in a 4 x 4 treatment matrix yielding 16 Ni/Mg combinations. Nickel was expected to decrease the transformation frequency (TF) and did so in 6 of the 16 cases. Magnesium was expected to enhance the TF independently of Ni; Mg increased TF values in 7 of 16 cases. The Ni-Mg interaction occurred in 11 of 16 cases. In general, Mg and Ni effects were observed more in GM than is SA. It is not evident from this study why the Ni, Mg, and Ni-Mg effects are not observed universally, but it is evident that metal-metal interactions are not simply defined or analyzed in biological systems. A refined factorial design may be useful in further separating such interactions. From the point of view of the implementation of the SA assay, in which test substances are typically dose previous to the implementation of putting the exposed cells in SA, it is clear that assay results can be markedly altered by the presence of the test compound in the soft agar. JF - Annals of clinical and laboratory science AU - Hass, B S AU - McDaniel, L P AU - Littlefield, N A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 18 EP - 30 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0091-7370, 0091-7370 KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Magnesium -- pharmacology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Nickel -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78377808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+clinical+and+laboratory+science&rft.atitle=Actions+and+interactions+of+nickel+and+magnesium+on+the+transformation+response+of+transformed+cells+in+culture.&rft.au=Hass%2C+B+S%3BMcDaniel%2C+L+P%3BLittlefield%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Hass&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+clinical+and+laboratory+science&rft.issn=00917370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of reproductive function among men occupationally exposed to a stilbene derivative: II. Perceived libido and potency. AN - 78334607; 8808043 AB - This is the second of two reports of a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Health Hazard Evaluation conducted in response to complaints of sexual dysfunction among men who manufacture the stilbene derivative 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DAS; CAS 81-11-8), an intermediate in the manufacture of fluorescent whitening agents. The first report [Grajewski et al. (1995): Am J Ind Med 29:53-61] describes results of the analysis of reproductive hormone levels. This second report provides results from the analysis of perceived libido and potency. In a cross-sectional design, self-reported sexual function of 30 male workers who manufacture DAS and 20 former DAS workers was compared to that of 35 workers who manufactured plastics additives in a different manufacturing area. Questionnaire items were examined by factor analysis, reducing the data to these components of sexual function: sexual activity/performance (two factors), interest, satisfaction, and physiologic competence. Adjusting for age, currently exposed workers were more likely than unexposed workers to have a value in the lowest quartile for interest (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5-7.2), physiologic competence (adjusted OR = 1.9, 95% CI 0.6-6.4), and activity/performance factor II (adjusted OR = 5.8, 95% CI 1.3-27.3). Former DAS workers reported problems associated with activity/performance factors I and II compared to unexposed workers (adjusted OR = 2.2, 95% CI 0.5-10.1 and adjusted OR = 6.7, 95% CI 1.2-35.9, respectively). Although the small study size limits the precision of the effect estimates, the pattern of results suggests a possible effect on sexual function of working in the DAS manufacturing area. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Whelan, E A AU - Grajewski, B AU - Wild, D K AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Alderfer, R AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 59 EP - 65 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Stilbenes KW - 0 KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Testosterone -- blood KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Middle Aged KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Erectile Dysfunction -- epidemiology KW - Libido -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78334607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+reproductive+function+among+men+occupationally+exposed+to+a+stilbene+derivative%3A+II.+Perceived+libido+and+potency.&rft.au=Whelan%2C+E+A%3BGrajewski%2C+B%3BWild%2C+D+K%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M%3BAlderfer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Whelan&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase by dietary flavonoids. AN - 78330106; 8924586 AB - Flavonoids are widely distributed in plant-derived foods and possess a variety of biological activities including antithyroid effects in experimental animals and humans. A structure-activity study of 13 commonly consumed flavonoids was conducted to evaluate inhibition of thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the enzyme that catalyzes thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Most flavonoids tested were potent inhibitors of TPO, with IC50 values ranging from 0.6 to 41 microM. Inhibition by the more potent compounds, fisetin, kaempferol, naringenin, and quercetin, which contain a resorcinol moiety, was consistent with mechanism-based inactivation of TPO as previously observed for resorcinol and derivatives. Other flavonoids inhibited TPO by different mechanisms, such as myricetin and naringin, showed noncompetitive inhibition of tyrosine iodination with respect to iodine ion and linear mixed-type inhibition with respect to hydrogen peroxide. In contrast, biochanin A was found to be an alternate substrate for iodination. The major product, 6,8-diiodo-biochanin A, was characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry and 1H-NMR. These inhibitory mechanisms for flavonoids are consistent with the antithyroid effects observed in experimental animals and, further, predict differences in hazards for antithyroid effects in humans consuming dietary flavonoids. In vivo, suicide substrate inhibition, which could be reversed only by de novo protein synthesis, would be long-lasting. However, the effects of reversible binding inhibitors and alternate substrates would be temporary due to attenuation by metabolism and excretion. The central role of hormonal regulation in growth and proliferation of thyroid tissue suggests that chronic consumption of flavonoids, especially suicide substrates, could play a role in the etiology of thyroid cancer. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Divi, R L AU - Doerge, D R AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 16 EP - 23 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Flavanones KW - 0 KW - Flavonoids KW - Isoflavones KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - myricetin KW - 76XC01FTOJ KW - Iodine KW - 9679TC07X4 KW - Quercetin KW - 9IKM0I5T1E KW - Genistein KW - DH2M523P0H KW - Iodide Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.8 KW - naringenin KW - HN5425SBF2 KW - biochanin A KW - U13J6U390T KW - Index Medicus KW - Tyrosine -- chemistry KW - Swine KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Iodine -- chemistry KW - Kinetics KW - Isoflavones -- toxicity KW - Quercetin -- toxicity KW - Isoflavones -- chemistry KW - Catalysis KW - Thyroid Gland -- drug effects KW - Thyroid Gland -- enzymology KW - Iodide Peroxidase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Diet KW - Iodide Peroxidase -- pharmacology KW - Iodide Peroxidase -- drug effects KW - Flavonoids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78330106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+thyroid+peroxidase+by+dietary+flavonoids.&rft.au=Divi%2C+R+L%3BDoerge%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Divi&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-05 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of dietary restriction on benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) metabolic activation and pulmonary BaP-DNA adduct formation in mouse. AN - 78312176; 8804551 AB - Hepatic microsomal xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities of laboratory animals can be modulated by Dietary restriction (DR). The modulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities can affect the metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens. Acute DR (60% of the food consumption of ad libitum (AL)-fed mice for 7 weeks) reduced the body weights of the male B6C3F1 mice, and increased mouse pulmonary cytochrome P4501A1-dependent BaP metabolizing enzyme activity. The effects of DR on the formation of the specific BaP-DNA adduct, 10-(N2-deoxyguanosinyl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BaP (BaP-N2-dG) in mouse lung can be detected by using 32P-postlabeling technique. In both AL- and DR-mice total BaP-DNA adduct formation in lung reached a peak at 48 hours after treatment with [3H]BaP and the in vivo formation of BaP-N2-dG was greater in DR mouse lung than in that of AL-animals by 22%. DR increased in vitro BaP-N2-dG formation by 39% when calf-thymus DNA was incubated with BaP using liver microsomes obtained from DR- or AL-mice as the enzyme source. The formation of the specific BaP-N2-dG adducts, measured by 32P-postlabeling, was only 20% of the total [3H]BaP-DNA adducts as determined by liquid scintillation counting. The increase of BaP-DNA adduct formation in mouse lung was correlated to the enhancement of the mouse pulmonary BaP metabolizing enzyme activity. Our results indicated that the effect of DR on the metabolic activation of BaP in mouse lung was dependent upon the mouse lung cytochrome P4501A1-dependent BaP metabolizing enzymes activities which was significantly increased by DR. JF - Drug and chemical toxicology AU - Chen, W AU - Zhou, Y AU - Nichols, J AU - Chung, K T AU - Hart, R W AU - Chou, M W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 21 EP - 39 VL - 19 IS - 1-2 SN - 0148-0545, 0148-0545 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Benzopyrene Hydroxylase KW - EC 1.14.14.- KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Benzopyrene Hydroxylase -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Mice KW - Weight Gain KW - Organ Size KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases -- metabolism KW - Benzopyrene Hydroxylase -- pharmacology KW - Biotransformation KW - Microsomes -- physiology KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Food Deprivation -- physiology KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Lung -- chemistry KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- pharmacokinetics KW - DNA Adducts -- drug effects KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78312176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dietary+restriction+on+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+%28BaP%29+metabolic+activation+and+pulmonary+BaP-DNA+adduct+formation+in+mouse.&rft.au=Chen%2C+W%3BZhou%2C+Y%3BNichols%2C+J%3BChung%2C+K+T%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BChou%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+chemical+toxicology&rft.issn=01480545&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Assessment of mercury neurotoxicity through psychometric and neurobehavioral testing: session summary. AN - 78301658; 8784834 AB - Neurobehavioral disorders are well-recognized among the adverse health effects of exposure to mercury. The effort to characterize these effects in animals and humans has progressed steadily over several decades. This has included a variety of study designs, and employed a variety of measurement techniques to evaluate exposure of individuals and populations. The Twelfth International Neurotoxicology Conference, Neurotoxicity of Mercury: Indicators and Effects of Low-Level Exposure, included a plenary session on the predictive value of psychometric and neurobehavioral testing of animals and humans in assessing neurotoxic effects. This session provided a broad view of the methods currently in use to measure adverse effects on the nervous system, in particular those effects that might be attributed to mercury exposure. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Amler, R W AU - Rice, D C AU - Johnson, B L Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 237 EP - 239 VL - 17 IS - 1 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Central Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Mercury -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78301658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+mercury+neurotoxicity+through+psychometric+and+neurobehavioral+testing%3A+session+summary.&rft.au=Amler%2C+R+W%3BRice%2C+D+C%3BJohnson%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Amler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-19 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The polymerase chain reaction: applications for the detection of foodborne pathogens. AN - 78276057; 8747102 AB - Faster methods for the detection of foodborne microbial pathogens are needed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can amplify specific segments of DNA and is used to detect and identify bacterial genes responsible for causing diseases in humans. The major features and requirements for the PCR are described along with a number of important variations. A considerable number of PCR-based assays have been developed, but they have been applied most often to clinical and environmental samples and more rarely for the detection of foodborne microorganisms. Much of the difficulty in implementing PCR for the analysis of food samples lies in the problems encountered during the preparation of template DNAs from food matrices; a variety of approaches and considerations are examined. PCR methods developed for the detection and identification of particular bacteria, viruses, and parasites found in foods are described and discussed, and the major features of these reactions are summarized. JF - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition AU - Hill, W E AD - Seafood Products Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA 98041-3012, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 123 EP - 173 VL - 36 IS - 1-2 SN - 1040-8398, 1040-8398 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - DNA, Viral KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Viral -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Food Microbiology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Food Parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78276057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.atitle=The+polymerase+chain+reaction%3A+applications+for+the+detection+of+foodborne+pathogens.&rft.au=Hill%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.issn=10408398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residential alternatives to hospitalization for patients with severe and persistent mental illness: should patients with comorbid substance abuse be excluded? AN - 78273637; 10172714 AB - Residential alternatives to hospitalization for adults with severe mental illness in crisis were not designed for, and often exclude, persons with coexisting substance abuse disorders. Given high comorbidity rates, however, it is important to know whether residential alternatives can be effective for patients with dual diagnoses. To explore the impact of comorbidity on treatment outcomes, structured interviews were conducted at admission and discharge with 92 consecutive admissions to a residential alternative. Using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, two groups were identified: 24 patients with and 68 patients without comorbid substance abuse disorders. At admission, the two groups were similar in demographic and clinical characteristics. The treatment was effective independent of comorbidity; at discharge, treatment success, symptom improvement, and patient satisfaction were similar for both groups. Persons with coexisting substance abuse disorders remained in residence a week longer, but the difference was not statistically significant. Residential alternatives appear suitable for patients with dual diagnoses. JF - Journal of mental health administration AU - Herrell, J M AU - Fenton, W AU - Mosher, L R AU - Hedlund, S AU - Lee, B AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 348 EP - 355 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0092-8623, 0092-8623 KW - Health administration KW - Patient Satisfaction KW - Patient Admission KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) KW - Maryland KW - Hospitals, Psychiatric -- utilization KW - Male KW - Female KW - Comorbidity KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Mental Disorders -- therapy KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Mental Disorders -- complications KW - Mental Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Group Homes -- utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78273637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+mental+health+administration&rft.atitle=Residential+alternatives+to+hospitalization+for+patients+with+severe+and+persistent+mental+illness%3A+should+patients+with+comorbid+substance+abuse+be+excluded%3F&rft.au=Herrell%2C+J+M%3BFenton%2C+W%3BMosher%2C+L+R%3BHedlund%2C+S%3BLee%2C+B&rft.aulast=Herrell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=348&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+mental+health+administration&rft.issn=00928623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-12 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicity of orange B when given to rats by gavage. AN - 78212353; 8713713 AB - The pyrazolone dye Orange B was given by gavage to pregnant Osborne-Mendel rats throughout gestation. Dose levels of 0, 15, 30, 100, 200, 400, or 700 mg/kg body weight were given daily. On gestation day 20, the females were killed and cesarean sections were performed. Feed consumption and maternal weight gain were not affected. No dose-related changes were seen in maternal clinical findings, implantations, fetal viability, or fetal size (weight and length). No compound-related effects were seen in sternebral development. No dose-related effect was seen in the incidence of skeletal variations in fetuses or in the number of litters containing fetuses with skeletal variations. Skeletal development, as measured by the average number of ossified vertebrae, was similar in all groups. No compound-related effects were seen in soft-tissue development. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Collins, T F AU - Black, T N AU - Rorie, J I AU - Sprando, R L AU - Ruggles, D I AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 45 EP - 57 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Pyrazoles KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - orange B KW - RGU455OS50 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Drinking KW - Administration, Oral KW - Pregnancy Rate KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects KW - Pyrazoles -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78212353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Developmental+toxicity+of+orange+B+when+given+to+rats+by+gavage.&rft.au=Collins%2C+T+F%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BRorie%2C+J+I%3BSprando%2C+R+L%3BRuggles%2C+D+I&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA sequence analysis of hprt mutations in lymphocytes from Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. AN - 78197227; 8698046 AB - Treatment of female Sprague-Dawley rats with the potent mammary gland carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) results in the formation of DNA adducts with dG and dA and in the induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) lymphocyte mutants. In this study, we have examined the types of mutations induced in TGr lymphocytes from DMBA-treated rats. DNA from 263 TGr lymphocyte clones was screened for mutations in exons 2, 3, and 8 of the hprt gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the exons followed by heteroduplex analysis using denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis. Twenty-five of the clones produced heteroduplexes in exon 2, 35 produced heteroduplexes in exon 3, and 36 produced heteroduplexes in exon 8. Direct sequence analysis of the heteroduplexes revealed 96 mutations, and at least 74 of these mutations were produced independently. Eighty-five of the total mutations were simple base pair (bp) substitutions, with A --> T and G --> T transversions being the predominant types. Seven mutations were deletions, three were complex bp substitutions, and one was an insertion. The results suggest that the types of mutations produced by DMBA in rat lymphocytes are specific to the DNA adducts produced by this compound. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Heflich, R H AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Aidoo, A AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. RHeflich@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 5 EP - 12 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Base Sequence KW - Exons KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Introns KW - Female KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Mutation KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78197227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=DNA+sequence+analysis+of+hprt+mutations+in+lymphocytes+from+Sprague-Dawley+rats+treated+with+7%2C12-dimethylbenz%5Ba%5Danthracene.&rft.au=Heflich%2C+R+H%3BMittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BManjanatha%2C+M+G%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BAidoo%2C+A&rft.aulast=Heflich&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - U48799; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam on time estimation behavior and motivation in rats. AN - 78149885; 8848440 AB - The effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam on performance of two operant tasks, one modelling time estimation and the other motivation to work for food reinforcers, were investigated in rats. These same tasks had been used previously in rhesus monkeys to assess the effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam. Rat performance of the time estimation task [temporal response differentiation (TRD)] was nearly identical to that previously described in monkeys. This performance similarity across these two species occurred despite slightly different methodologies. Performance of the motivation task [progressive ratio (PR)] was clearly different between rats and adult monkeys in that rats exhibited lower values on all PR endpoints. Acute administration of chlorpromazine [0.03-5.6 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (IP)] caused decrements in rat TRD and PR performance at doses > or = 1.0 mg/kg. Acute administration of diazepam (0.25-4.0 mg/kg, IP) altered TRD performance only. The effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam in rats were similar to those previously noted in the monkey, indicating the potential utility of rat performance in these operant tasks to predict drug effects in the rhesus monkey. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. sferguson@fdant.nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 115 EP - 122 VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents KW - 0 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - Diazepam KW - Q3JTX2Q7TU KW - Chlorpromazine KW - U42B7VYA4P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Reinforcement Schedule KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Hand Strength -- physiology KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Anti-Anxiety Agents -- pharmacology KW - Motivation KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Time Perception -- drug effects KW - Diazepam -- pharmacology KW - Chlorpromazine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78149885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Effects+of+chlorpromazine+and+diazepam+on+time+estimation+behavior+and+motivation+in+rats.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thrombocytopenia after immunization with measles vaccines: review of the vaccine adverse events reporting system (1990 to 1994). AN - 78132966; 8684885 JF - The Pediatric infectious disease journal AU - Beeler, J AU - Varricchio, F AU - Wise, R AD - Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. beeler@a1.cber.fda.gov Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 88 EP - 90 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0891-3668, 0891-3668 KW - Measles Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Databases, Factual KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Thrombocytopenia -- etiology KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Vaccination -- statistics & numerical data KW - Thrombocytopenia -- mortality KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Purpura, Thrombocytopenic -- etiology KW - Measles Vaccine -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78132966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pediatric+infectious+disease+journal&rft.atitle=Thrombocytopenia+after+immunization+with+measles+vaccines%3A+review+of+the+vaccine+adverse+events+reporting+system+%281990+to+1994%29.&rft.au=Beeler%2C+J%3BVarricchio%2C+F%3BWise%2C+R&rft.aulast=Beeler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Pediatric+infectious+disease+journal&rft.issn=08913668&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leukoencephalomalacia and hemorrhage in the brain of rabbits gavaged with mycotoxin fumonisin B1. AN - 78090738; 8680754 AB - Two of five pregnant rabbits gavaged with purified fumonisin B1 at 1.75 mg/kg/day died, one after 9 and one after 13 doses. Microscopic examination revealed focal small hemorrhages in cerebral white matter in both animals, with malacia and hemorrhage also present in the hippocampus of one. The lesions were bilateral. Both animals also had marked degeneration of renal tubule epithelium and of hepatocytes. Apoptosis was the dominant degenerative change in kidney and liver. Fumonisin is known to cause leukoencephalomalacia and hemorrhage in equines, but CNS changes associated with exposure to fumonisins apparently have not been reported in other species. This preliminary observation in rabbits is reported to alert other investigators of a potential model of the disease in equines, as well as for investigation of potential mechanisms of toxicity to the CNS. JF - Natural toxins AU - Bucci, T J AU - Hansen, D K AU - LaBorde, J B AD - Pathology Division, Pathology Associates International, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 51 EP - 52 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Kidney -- cytology KW - Food Contamination KW - Rabbits KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Cerebral Hemorrhage -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Encephalomalacia -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78090738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Leukoencephalomalacia+and+hemorrhage+in+the+brain+of+rabbits+gavaged+with+mycotoxin+fumonisin+B1.&rft.au=Bucci%2C+T+J%3BHansen%2C+D+K%3BLaBorde%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Bucci&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silver products for medical indications: risk-benefit assessment. AN - 78056760; 8632503 AB - Legitimate medicinal use of silver-containing products has dramatically diminished over the last several decades. Recently, however, some manufacturers have begun to enthusiastically promote oral colloidal silver proteins as mineral supplements and for prevention and treatment of many diseases. Indiscriminate use of silver products can lead to toxicity such as argyria. To assist health care professionals in a risk versus benefit assessment of over-the-counter silver-containing products, we herein examine the following issues: historical uses, chemistry, pharmacology, clinical toxicology, case reports of adverse events in the literature, and the recent promotion of over-the-counter silver products. Other sources of silver exposure (including environmental and dietary) and EPA exposure standards are discussed. A list of currently available silver products is provided for easy reference and screening. We emphasize the lack of established effectiveness and potential toxicity of these products. JF - Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology AU - Fung, M C AU - Bowen, D L AD - Center of Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 119 EP - 126 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0731-3810, 0731-3810 KW - Silver Compounds KW - 0 KW - Silver Proteins KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Silver Proteins -- chemistry KW - Argyria -- etiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Silver Compounds -- therapeutic use KW - Silver Compounds -- poisoning KW - Silver Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Silver Compounds -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78056760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology.+Clinical+toxicology&rft.atitle=Silver+products+for+medical+indications%3A+risk-benefit+assessment.&rft.au=Fung%2C+M+C%3BBowen%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Fung&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0160485479&rft.btitle=Emergency+Medical+Dispatch.+National+Standard+Curriculum.+Instructor+Guide.+Trainee+Guide.&rft.title=Emergency+Medical+Dispatch.+National+Standard+Curriculum.+Instructor+Guide.+Trainee+Guide.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and reduction of sources of dietary lead in the United States. AN - 78049076; 8647307 AB - Lead, an environmental contaminant, originates from a variety of sources. For over two decades, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has made a number of efforts to reduce dietary lead exposure of the general population, and especially of vulnerable subpopulations such as infants and children and, indirectly, the foetus. Through cooperation with infant food manufacturers, reductions of about 80-90% in the lead content of infant foods were achieved, primarily through eliminating the use of cans for infant food products and following good manufacturing practices. Another major reduction in dietary lead was realized by discontinuing the use of lead solder in domestically produced food cans. FDA has also taken steps to minimize or further reduce sources of lead in the diet from lead glazes on ceramicware, leaded crystalware, dietary supplements bottle water, and lead capsules on wine bottles. These actions have resulted in a considerable decrease in the exposure of the United States population to dietary lead. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Bolger, P M AU - Yess, N J AU - Gunderson, E L AU - Troxell, T C AU - Carrington, C D AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 53 EP - 60 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Food Analysis KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Food Preservation KW - Child, Preschool KW - Ceramics KW - Infant KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Wine KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Lead -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78049076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Identification+and+reduction+of+sources+of+dietary+lead+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Bolger%2C+P+M%3BYess%2C+N+J%3BGunderson%2C+E+L%3BTroxell%2C+T+C%3BCarrington%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Bolger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Food Addit Contam 1996 May-Jun;13(4):476 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk analysis of dietary lead exposure. AN - 78048677; 8647308 AB - Distribution of intake and lead levels in dietary and non-dietary sources and of lead absorption were used in a Monte-Carlo simulation to predict blood lead levels in populations of concern. Blood lead levels were determined with and without particular dietary sources, and added risk was estimated for each source. These calculations permit comparisons of relative risk used to evaluate and limit dietary exposure to lead. Added risk of exposure to lead in wine, calcium supplements and ceramic-ware, and drinking water were calculated for adult men, pregnant women, and children, respectively. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Carrington, C D AU - Bolger, P M AU - Scheuplein, R J AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 61 EP - 76 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Male KW - Female KW - Wine KW - Risk Assessment KW - Pregnancy KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Lead -- administration & dosage KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78048677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-02-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Mental%2C+Emotional+and+Behavior+Disorders+in+Children+and+Adolescents.+Factsheet.&rft.title=Mental%2C+Emotional+and+Behavior+Disorders+in+Children+and+Adolescents.+Factsheet.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of nitrosation products in cosmetics raw materials by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques. AN - 78014838; 8624419 AB - Characterization of nitrosation products in cosmetics raw material samples has been accomplished by three liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) techniques. Two of the techniques involved conventional methodologies of LC/MS and LC/tandem mass spectrometry, both of which can be used to detect and identify products formed under extreme-nitrosation conditions. The third technique utilized an on-line coupling of a photolysis reactor with the LC/MS, and it may be used as a rapid and specific means of screening for the presence of known and unknown N-nitrosamines, which may be carcinogenic. JF - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM AU - Volmer, D A AU - Lay, J O AU - Billedeau, M AU - Vollmer, D L AD - Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Rsearch, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 715 EP - 720 VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 0951-4198, 0951-4198 KW - Cosmetics KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Nitroso Compounds KW - para-Aminobenzoates KW - 4-Aminobenzoic Acid KW - TL2TJE8QTX KW - padimate-O KW - Z11006CMUZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Photolysis KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - 4-Aminobenzoic Acid -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - 4-Aminobenzoic Acid -- chemistry KW - Cosmetics -- analysis KW - Nitroso Compounds -- chemistry KW - Nitroso Compounds -- analysis KW - Cosmetics -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78014838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+nitrosation+products+in+cosmetics+raw+materials+by+liquid+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry+techniques.&rft.au=Volmer%2C+D+A%3BLay%2C+J+O%3BBilledeau%2C+M%3BVollmer%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Volmer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.issn=09514198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular characterization of mutation and comparison of mutation profiles in the hprt gene of Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with benzo[a]pyrene trans-7,8-diol-anti-9,10-epoxide, 1-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene trans-7,8-diol-anti-9,10-epoxide, and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene trans-7,8- diol-anti-9,10-epoxide. AN - 77997236; 8625944 AB - Both 1- and 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (nitro-BaP) are environmental contaminants, potent mutagens in Salmonella, and moderate mutagens in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The mutagenicity of their oxidized metabolites,trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-epoxy -7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-1-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (1-nitro-BaP-DE) and trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3-nitrobenzo[a]- pyrene (3-nitro-BaPDE), together with trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9, 10-ep- oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BaP-DE), was determined in CHO-K1 cells, and the resulting mutations at the hprt locus were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of reverse-transcribed hprt mRNA, followed by DNA sequence analysis. The mutant frequencies, in mutants/10(6) clonable cells, at 30 and 100 ng/ml, were BaP-DE, 248 and 456; 1-nitro-BaP-DE, 68 and 260; 3-nitro-BaP-DE, 81 and 232, respectively. In general, the three diolepoxides exhibited similar mutational spectra: 1) 64% (23/36 sequenced mutants) of BaP-DE, 53% (19/36) of 1-nitro-BaP-DE, and 64% (23/36) of 3-nitro-BaP-DE mutants resulted from simple base pair substitution, with the predominant mutation being G-->T transversion; 2) 90%, 100%, and 100% of mutations at G:C had the mutated dG on the nontranscribed DNA strand; and 3) about one quarter of the mutants produced by each mutagen had one or more PCR products with partial or complete exon deletions. The mutagens induced few frameshifts or complex mutations. Among the differences in mutational specificity for the three diolepoxides, the proportion of substituted dGs with 3' purines was significant (P 0.05). Also, high proportions of BaP-DE and 3-nitro-BaP-DE base pair substitutions at G:C occurred in DNA sequence contexts of 5'-GG-3', 5'-GGA-3', and 5'-TGGA-3', while the proportions of 1-nitro-BaP-DE mutants in these contexts were often lower. The results indicate that nitro substitution at C1 or C3 of BaP-DE reduces mutational potency in CHO cells and appears to have only subtle effects upon the mutational pattern in the hprt gene. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Zhan, D J AU - Heflich, R H AU - Fu, P P AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 19 EP - 29 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - 7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene-DNA adduct KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - DNA Adducts KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - RNA, Messenger KW - 3-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide KW - 149559-16-0 KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide KW - 55097-80-8 KW - 1-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide KW - 88598-54-3 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Mutagenesis KW - Frameshift Mutation KW - Base Sequence KW - Genes -- drug effects KW - Point Mutation KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cricetulus -- genetics KW - Sequence Deletion KW - Cricetinae KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- toxicity KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- analogs & derivatives KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - CHO Cells -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77997236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+mutation+and+comparison+of+mutation+profiles+in+the+hprt+gene+of+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cells+treated+with+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+trans-7%2C8-diol-anti-9%2C10-epoxide%2C+1-nitrobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+trans-7%2C8-diol-anti-9%2C10-epoxide%2C+and+3-nitrobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+trans-7%2C8-+diol-anti-9%2C10-epoxide.&rft.au=Zhan%2C+D+J%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Zhan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell cycle traverse in AHH-1 tk +/- human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to the chromosomal mutagen, m-amsa. AN - 77996048; 8625943 AB - AHH-1 tk +/- cells were exposed to the chemotherapeutic agent, m-amsa, both in complete medium and in medium without serum, subcultured in complete medium, and the effect on the traverse of the cell cycle determined by flow cytometric analysis of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)-labeled DNA. After exposure to m-amsa (day 0), the percentage of S-phase cells increased significantly (P < 0.0017) with increasing concentration. Cells also accumulated in G2/M as evidenced by the significant (P < 0.0026), concentration-dependent increase in the percentage of cells detected within this phase. Serum deprivation during exposure resulted in significantly (P = 0.024) more cells in S-phase than in cultures exposed to m-amsa in complete medium. After three days in culture, a significant (P = 0.0001) accumulation of cells in G2/M was present; the percentage of cells in G2/M did not differ significantly (P = 0.148) in cultures exposed to m-amsa in complete medium or in serum-free medium. However, a significant (P < 0.001) loss of S-phase cells was found in cultures exposed without serum. At day 7, no significant concentration effects were detected (GO/G1, P = 0.6026; S-phase, P = 0.9773; G2/M, P = 0.8401). These results demonstrate that exposure to m-amsa perturbs the traverse of the cell cycle, initially by inhibiting the completion of S-phase and followed by an accumulation of cells in G2/M. In addition, exposure to m-amsa under conditions of serum deprivation results in an increased percentage of cells in the initial S-phase after exposure, the loss of S-phase cells from the culture after three days, and the appearance of subdiploid peak, consistent with cells undergoing apoptosis. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Morris, S M AU - McGarrity, L J AU - Domon, O E AU - Chen, J J AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic Toxicity, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 10 EP - 18 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Culture Media, Serum-Free KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Intercalating Agents KW - Mutagens KW - Topoisomerase II Inhibitors KW - Amsacrine KW - 00DPD30SOY KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - G2 Phase -- drug effects KW - Chromosomes, Human -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics KW - B-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Amsacrine -- toxicity KW - Intercalating Agents -- toxicity KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77996048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Cell+cycle+traverse+in+AHH-1+tk+%2B%2F-+human+lymphoblastoid+cells+exposed+to+the+chromosomal+mutagen%2C+m-amsa.&rft.au=Morris%2C+S+M%3BMcGarrity%2C+L+J%3BDomon%2C+O+E%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wiley Award Address. Evolution of methods for the detection of Salmonella in foods. AN - 77992837; 8620109 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Andrews, W H AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 4 EP - 12 VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - Food Analysis -- history KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - History, 20th Century KW - Humans KW - Serotyping KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - History, 19th Century KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- microbiology KW - Awards and Prizes KW - Food Microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77992837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Nitrous+oxide+control+in+the+dental+operatory%3A+Auxiliary+exhaust+and+mask+leakage%2C+design%2C+and+scavenging+flow+rate+as+factors&rft.au=Crouch%2C+K+G%3BJohnston%2C+O+E&rft.aulast=Crouch&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human health perspectives on environmental exposure to benzidine: a review. AN - 77992245; 8581430 AB - Benzidine, an odorless, white to slightly reddish-white crystalline organic compound, is an environmental contaminant that has been identified at about 30 National Priorities List (NPL) hazardous waste sites in the United States. In the environment, it is usually found attached to suspended particles either in its "free" state or as chloride or sulfate salts. In the past, U.S. industries used large quantities of benzidine to produce dyes for paper, clothes, and leather. Since the ban on its production and use in the United States in the 1970s, this compound is imported for specialty uses. People living near hazardous waste sites might be exposed to benzidine by drinking contaminated water, by inhaling contaminated air, or by swallowing or touching contaminated dust. People can also be exposed by using benzidine dyes on paper, clothes, and other materials. Human occupational data and studies of laboratory animals suggest that people exposed to benzidine may develop adverse systemic health effects or cancer. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the World Health Organization (WHO) have classified benzidine as a carcinogen. Urinary bladder cancer is the most common form of cancer caused by exposure to benzidine. The stomach, kidneys, brain, mouth, esophagus, liver, and gallbladder might also be targets. The information presented in the article may help public health officials, physicians, and toxicologists evaluate and develop the health information materials on the nature of benzidine in the environment and its potential impact on public health. JF - Chemosphere AU - Choudhary, G AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 267 EP - 291 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Benzidines KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Hazardous Waste KW - benzidine KW - 2X02101HVF KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Public Health KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Benzidines -- pharmacokinetics KW - Benzidines -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77992245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Human+health+perspectives+on+environmental+exposure+to+benzidine%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Choudhary%2C+G&rft.aulast=Choudhary&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - History of the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study (Part II), 1987-1993. AN - 77990876; 8620105 AB - The Total Diet Studies conducted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provide yearly information on levels of pesticide residues, contaminants, and nutrients in the food supply and diets of specific age-sex groups. They also identify trends and changes in the levels of these substances in the food supply and in diets over time. Results are useful in making policy decisions regarding the safety of the food supply, food additives, pesticide use, nutrient fortification, and food labeling. This paper provides information on studies performed by FDA from 1987 to 1993. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Pennington, J A AU - Capar, S G AU - Parfitt, C H AU - Edwards, C W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 163 EP - 170 VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Radioisotopes KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - Pyridoxine KW - KV2JZ1BI6Z KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Pyridoxine -- analysis KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Radioisotopes -- analysis KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Adult KW - Food Contamination KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Folic Acid -- analysis KW - Male KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Analysis KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77990876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration%27s+Total+Diet+Study+%28Part+II%29%2C+1987-1993.&rft.au=Pennington%2C+J+A%3BCapar%2C+S+G%3BParfitt%2C+C+H%3BEdwards%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Pennington&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimated content percentages of volatile liquids and fat extractables in ready-to-eat foods. AN - 77986229; 8620107 AB - Content percentages of volatile liquids and fat extractables in 340 samples of ready-to-eat foods were determined gravimetrically. Volatile liquids were determined by drying samples in a microwave oven with a self-contained balance; results were printed out automatically. Fat extractables were extracted from the samples with mixed ethers; extracts were dried and weighed manually. The samples, 191 nonfat and 149 fatty (containing ca 2% or more fat) foods, represent about 5000 different food items and include infant and toddler, ethnic, fast, and imported items. Samples were initially prepared for screening of essential and toxic elements and chemical contamination by chopping and mixing into homogenous composites. Content determinations were then made on separate portions from each composite. Content results were put into a database for evaluation. Overall, mean results from both determinations agree with published data for moisture and fat contents of similar food items. Coefficients of variation, however, were lower for determination of volatile liquids than for that of fat extractables. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Daft, J L AU - Cline, J K AU - Palmer, R E AU - Sisk, R L AU - Griffitt, K R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Kansas City District Office, Lenexa, KS 66285-5905, USA. PY - 1996 SP - 175 EP - 186 VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Dietary Fats KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reference Values KW - Microwaves KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Solvents -- analysis KW - Volatilization KW - Desiccation KW - Food Analysis -- statistics & numerical data KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Dietary Fats -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77986229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Estimated+content+percentages+of+volatile+liquids+and+fat+extractables+in+ready-to-eat+foods.&rft.au=Daft%2C+J+L%3BCline%2C+J+K%3BPalmer%2C+R+E%3BSisk%2C+R+L%3BGriffitt%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Daft&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-18 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calorie restriction modulates chemically induced in vivo somatic mutation frequency. AN - 77983652; 8603668 JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Casciano, D A AU - Chou, M AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Aidoo, A AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 162 EP - 164 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutation -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Mutation -- genetics KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Energy Intake KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- toxicity KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77983652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Calorie+restriction+modulates+chemically+induced+in+vivo+somatic+mutation+frequency.&rft.au=Casciano%2C+D+A%3BChou%2C+M%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BAidoo%2C+A&rft.aulast=Casciano&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-05-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Case study: control of methylene chloride exposures during furniture stripping. AN - 77981975; 8588552 AB - Methylene chloride, a potential occupational carcinogen, is one of the principal solvents used for furniture stripping. Methylene chloride exposures among workers in furniture stripping operations have been found to be high. This article describes a furniture stripping operation at a sheltered workshop before and after the ventilation system was modified. Previous to ventilation system modifications, workers who were stripping furniture had exposures to methylene chloride ranging from 600 to 1150 ppm. These high exposures and an evaluation of the ventilation system prompted the design and installation of a modified ventilation system. Primary modifications included installing a local ventilation hood, decreasing the velocity of makeup air entering the stripping area, removing a contaminated charcoal adsorption bed and improving work practices. The modified system was arranged into three configurations that included a slot hood, a downdraft hood, and a combination slot and downdraft hood. The three configurations were evaluated over a three-day period, and it was found that they controlled the worker's personal exposures to methylene chloride while stripping to 28 ppm for the combination configuration, 30 ppm for the downdraft configuration, and 34 ppm for the slot configuration. Although the exposures are above the proposed Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure level of 25 ppm, these results show a substantial improvement over the existing ventilation system. The ventilation system described is applicable to other furniture stripping facilities if rinse area local ventilation is improved. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Estill, C F AU - Spencer, A B AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 43 EP - 49 VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Interior Design and Furnishings KW - Ventilation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77981975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Case+study%3A+control+of+methylene+chloride+exposures+during+furniture+stripping.&rft.au=Estill%2C+C+F%3BSpencer%2C+A+B&rft.aulast=Estill&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1996 Jun;57(6):575-6 [8651078] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunohistopathology and T cell receptor gene expression in capsules surrounding silicone breast implants. AN - 77976323; 8565561 JF - Current topics in microbiology and immunology AU - O'Hanlon, T P AU - Okada, S AU - Love, L A AU - Dick, G AU - Young, V L AU - Miller, F W AD - Molecular Immunology Laboratory, CBER, FDA, Bethesda, MD, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 237 EP - 242 VL - 210 SN - 0070-217X, 0070-217X KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell KW - 0 KW - Silicones KW - Index Medicus KW - Lymphocytes -- pathology KW - Humans KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Silicones -- adverse effects KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell -- genetics KW - Breast Implants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77976323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+topics+in+microbiology+and+immunology&rft.atitle=Immunohistopathology+and+T+cell+receptor+gene+expression+in+capsules+surrounding+silicone+breast+implants.&rft.au=O%27Hanlon%2C+T+P%3BOkada%2C+S%3BLove%2C+L+A%3BDick%2C+G%3BYoung%2C+V+L%3BMiller%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=O%27Hanlon&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=210&rft.issue=&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+topics+in+microbiology+and+immunology&rft.issn=0070217X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury mortality rates in the United States: changes from 1980 to 1989. AN - 77966459; 8561247 AB - Changes in occupational injury mortality rates over the 1980s were examined through analysis of the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system. The US occupational injury mortality rate decreased 37% over the decade, with decreases seen in nearly every demographic and employment sector. Greater declines were among men, Blacks, and younger workers, as well as among agricultural, trade, and service workers. Electrocutions, machine-related incidents, and homicides showed the greatest decreases. Changes in occupational mortality rates by demography, industry, and cause of death indicate the areas in which the most progress has been made and those that are prime targets for prevention efforts. JF - American journal of public health AU - Stout, N A AU - Jenkins, E L AU - Pizatella, T J AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505-2845, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 73 EP - 77 VL - 86 IS - 1 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Population KW - United States KW - North America KW - Mortality KW - Age Factors KW - Crime KW - Americas KW - Sex Factors KW - Population Dynamics KW - Human Resources KW - Developed Countries KW - Economic Factors KW - Northern America KW - Homicide KW - Causes Of Death KW - Population Characteristics KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Demographic Factors KW - Social Problems KW - Occupations KW - Differential Mortality KW - Cultural Background KW - Humans KW - African Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Aged KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mortality -- trends KW - Cause of Death KW - Age Distribution KW - Adult KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Accidents, Occupational -- trends KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77966459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+mortality+rates+in+the+United+States%3A+changes+from+1980+to+1989.&rft.au=Stout%2C+N+A%3BJenkins%2C+E+L%3BPizatella%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Public Health. 1991 Jun;81(6):725-8 [1827569] MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1992 May 29;41(3):1-33 [1635547] Am J Public Health. 1994 Apr;84(4):646-9 [7755674] JAMA. 1990 Jun 13;263(22):3047-50 [2342216] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of latex-specific IgE antibodies in hospital personnel. AN - 77958584; 8564628 AB - Rubber latex hypersensitivity is an important concern for health care workers. The Center for Devices and Radiological Health, in collaboration with the Consumer Product Safety Commission, conducted a multicenter study of the prevalence of latex-specific IgE antibodies among United States hospital personnel. Nine hospitals participated in the cross-sectional study. A total of 504 hospital personnel completed questionnaires that provided an array of demographic, occupational, and clinical information, including a history, if any, of allergies and the use of latex and nonlatex gloves. More than three-quarters (76.5%) of the participants were tested for total IgE and latex specific IgE. A total of 21 (5.5%, 95% CI = 3%-7%) of the tested participants were positive for the presence of latex specific IgE antibodies, defined as a latex IgE level of > or = 0.6 ng/mL. Latex specific IgE antibodies were more prevalent in participants who reported tachycardia, palpitations, flushing, or wheezing associated with latex gloves (Odds Ratio = 10.2, 95% CI = 3.7-28.6). The study's results suggest that the prevalence of latex-specific IgE antibodies among hospital personnel is appreciable and these personnel and their health care providers should be aware of this entity. JF - Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology AU - Kaczmarek, R G AU - Silverman, B G AU - Gross, T P AU - Hamilton, R G AU - Kessler, E AU - Arrowsmith-Lowe, J T AU - Moore, R M AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 51 EP - 56 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 1081-1206, 1081-1206 KW - Latex KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Rubber -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Latex -- adverse effects KW - Dermatitis, Atopic -- epidemiology KW - Dermatitis, Atopic -- etiology KW - Latex -- immunology KW - Dermatitis, Atopic -- immunology KW - Hand Dermatoses -- immunology KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- epidemiology KW - Hand Dermatoses -- epidemiology KW - Personnel, Hospital KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Immunoglobulin E -- analysis KW - Gloves, Surgical KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- immunology KW - Hand Dermatoses -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77958584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+allergy%2C+asthma+%26+immunology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Allergy%2C+Asthma%2C+%26+Immunology&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+latex-specific+IgE+antibodies+in+hospital+personnel.&rft.au=Kaczmarek%2C+R+G%3BSilverman%2C+B+G%3BGross%2C+T+P%3BHamilton%2C+R+G%3BKessler%2C+E%3BArrowsmith-Lowe%2C+J+T%3BMoore%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Kaczmarek&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+allergy%2C+asthma+%26+immunology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Allergy%2C+Asthma%2C+%26+Immunology&rft.issn=10811206&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flutamide hepatotoxicity. AN - 77925765; 7490837 AB - Observed and expected reporting rates were compared in patients who died or were hospitalized due to hepatotoxicity associated with the use of flutamide. Case series were submitted to the MedWatch Spontaneous Reporting System of the Food and Drug Administration. Reporting rates for serious hepatotoxicity due to flutamide were calculated and compared to rates for hospitalized patients with acute idiopathic hepatitis in the medical literature. After the marketing of flutamide in the United States, between February 1989 and December 1994 the Food and Drug Administration received reports of 20 patients who died and 26 who were hospitalized for hepatotoxicity due to flutamide. The rate of approximately 3 per 10,000 flutamide users exceeds by 10-fold or more the expected rate of hospitalizations for acute noninfectious liver injury of 2.5 per 100,000 men 65 years and older. Autopsies in 6 cases revealed marked to massive hepatic necrosis as the predominant feature. Flutamide is a potent hepatotoxin in certain patients. Serial blood aminotransferase levels should be monitored during the first few months of flutamide treatment. Before beginning use of this drug patients should be instructed to report immediately to physicians any episodes of nausea, vomiting, fatigue and jaundice so that flutamide can be promptly discontinued to avoid progression of possible liver injury. JF - The Journal of urology AU - Wysowski, D K AU - Fourcroy, J L AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1996/01// PY - 1996 DA - January 1996 SP - 209 EP - 212 VL - 155 IS - 1 SN - 0022-5347, 0022-5347 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal KW - 0 KW - Flutamide KW - 76W6J0943E KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Hirsutism -- drug therapy KW - Aged KW - Liver Function Tests KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- therapeutic use KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- epidemiology KW - Flutamide -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- administration & dosage KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Flutamide -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- adverse effects KW - Flutamide -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77925765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+urology&rft.atitle=Flutamide+hepatotoxicity.&rft.au=Wysowski%2C+D+K%3BFourcroy%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Wysowski&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=155&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+urology&rft.issn=00225347&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Urol. 1996 Jan;155(1):226-7 [7490840] Erratum In: J Urol 1996 Apr;155(4):1396 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Healing Fractured Lives: How Three School-Based Projects Approach Violence Prevention and Mental Health Care. AN - 62586197; ED408542 AB - Many health and education practitioners agree that school-based violence prevention services can counteract the negative effects of violence by offering children access to mental health care. The lessons learned at three sites that implemented such programs in various schools are reported here. Although the sample of sites was small and diverse, certain tentative findings, which influence planning, designing, implementing, and sustaining school-based violence prevention programs, are offered. The sites included: (1) E. A. Hawse Center in rural Baker, West Virginia; (2) Baltimore Medical Systems, Inc., in Baltimore, Maryland; and (3) Northeast Valley Health Corporation in San Fernando, California. The report and attached case studies present insights based on each site's understanding of the issues, strategies, obstacles, and solutions involved in providing school-based mental health/violence prevention services. This is not an evaluation of the projects, but is a compilation of lessons learned. In section 1, key features of school-based mental health/violence prevention projects are discussed. Some of these features include the role of community and school context, activities and services that support violence prevention and mental health, and securing adequate space and an appropriate location for services. Section 2 concentrates on program administration with an emphasis on key roles, responsibilities, and relationships. Some of the findings discussed here concentrate on management and organization structure, staff background, mental health care, and coordinating school and mental health practices. Financing, assessment, and accountability are addressed in the next section with emphasis on funding, self assessment, and evidence of success. The last section offers recommendations from the field. Three case studies are included. (RJM) AU - Fiester, Leila AU - Nathanson, Sara Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 78 KW - School Based Services KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - School Community Relationship KW - Case Studies KW - Mental Health KW - Secondary School Students KW - School Security KW - Violence KW - Pupil Personnel Services KW - Secondary Education KW - School Community Programs KW - Prevention KW - Victims of Crime KW - Student Needs KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62586197?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Keeping Youth Drug-Free: A Guide for Parents, Grandparents, Elders, Mentors, and Other Caregivers. AN - 62544760; ED398523 AB - Research indicates that parents, grandparents, elders, foster parents, youth leaders, coaches, and others can play a major role in keeping young people from using alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drugs. This booklet provides caregivers some guidelines in communicating with youth about these potential problems. It is geared to the parents or guardians of 9-to-13 year olds, but the material and exercises can also work for different age groups. The booklet is divided into five sections, based on the five reasons that young people give for using marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco (the most commonly used substances): (1) to feel grown up; (2) to fit in; (3) to relax and feel better; (4) to take risks; and (5) to satisfy curiosity. Each section provides background on each reason, information on how adults can help, and exercises to share with children. For caretakers who presently use alcohol or who have tried marijuana or other illegal substances, this guide provides information that can help in steering children away from the use of these substances. The suggestions provided here give guiding principles for communicating with youth; caretakers should use their own words when speaking to their children. Other helpful resources that adults can draw upon are listed in the back. (RJM) Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 25 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Parent Materials KW - Intervention KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Drug Education KW - Youth Problems KW - Health Education KW - Children KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62544760?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Trends in Indian Health, 1996. AN - 62492571; ED413135 AB - The Indian Health Service (IHS), an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is responsible for providing health services to American Indians and Alaska Natives living on or near federal reservations (about 60 percent of the Native population). This publication is composed primarily of data tables and graphs that describe the IHS, the health status and demography of American Indians and Alaska Natives, and health and medical services provided. Current and trend information are presented, as well as comparisons with other population groups. Opening sections provide an overview of the IHS, summarize the statistical data, describe data sources and limitations, and include a glossary and additional information sources. The tables and charts are grouped into six major categories: (1) IHS program structure and budget; (2) American Indian demography (population by age and sex, educational attainment, employment status, income, socioeconomic profiles); (3) natality (birth rates and weights, birth by age of mother, infant mortality, maternal deaths, leading causes of neonatal and postneonatal deaths); (4) mortality (mortality rates and causes of death by age group, deaths by age and sex, injury and poisoning, accident deaths, suicide, homicide, alcoholism deaths, disease-related deaths, life expectancy); (5) patient care (hospitalization and major causes by age group, ambulatory medical visits by age group, dental services); and (6) community health (drug-related deaths by age and sex, motor vehicle deaths, nutrition and dietetics, nursing, homes with sanitation facilities deficiencies, health education provided by location and task function). Includes an index and a glossary of ICD-9 codes. (SV) Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 168 KW - Cause of Death KW - Indian Health Service KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Mortality Rate KW - Birth Rate KW - Suicide KW - Infant Mortality KW - Disease Incidence KW - Educational Attainment KW - Health Education KW - Reservation American Indians KW - Income KW - Demography KW - Health Services KW - Homicide KW - Accidents KW - Public Health KW - Age Groups KW - Graphs KW - Tables (Data) KW - Alaska Natives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62492571?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Back to Sleep: Reduce the Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) [and] Questions and Answers for Professionals on Infant Sleeping Position and SIDS. AN - 62441859; ED423040 AB - The "Back to Sleep" public health campaign, which recommends that infants be placed on their backs for sleeping help reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), was initiated in 1994. The campaign was led by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and co-sponsored by the U.S. Public Health Service, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the SIDS Alliance, and the Association of SIDS and Infant Mortality Programs. This packet of "Back to Sleep" materials contains a brochure for parents and one for health care professionals. The parent brochure, "Back to Sleep: Reduce the Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)," defines SIDS, advises parents lay their infants on their backs to sleep, and makes other recommendations to reduce SIDS risk. The professionals' brochure, "Questions and Answers for Professionals on Infant Sleeping Position and SIDS," uses a question-answer format to describe the "Back to Sleep" public health campaign, research on sleep positions and SIDS, prematurity and sleep position, sleep position in hospital nurseries, infants' positional preferences, the age at which to stop using the non-prone position, risk for aspiration and flat spots on the head with supine sleeping, and the use of various devices marketed to maintain infants in a non-prone position during sleep. Also included in the packet of materials is an order form for additional free materials, including videotapes in English and Spanish; and sample magazine and newspaper public service announcements. (KB) Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 11 PB - NICHD/Back to Sleep, 31 Center Drive, Room 2A32, Bethesda, MD 20892-2425; phone: 800-505-CRIB, 301-496-5133; fax: 301-496-7101 (Free). KW - Public Service Advertising KW - Public Service Campaigns KW - Sleep Position KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Sudden Infant Death Syndrome KW - At Risk Persons KW - Prevention KW - Public Health KW - Parent Materials KW - Sleep KW - Risk Management KW - Child Health KW - Infant Mortality KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62441859?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - A product of the Back to Sleep Campaign. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Mental health, United States, 1996 T2 - Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS pubn. no. (SMA)96-3098 AN - 59756726; 1997-0407020 AB - Statistical information on the mental health delivery system. Topics include reform and financing of mental health services, characteristics of persons using specialty inpatient, outpatient, and partial care programs, growth and direction of managed care, geographical distribution of organized mental care services, human resources in mental health, and other services. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1996. xi+249 pp. AU - Manderscheid, Ronald W AU - Sonnenschein, Mary Anne Y1 - 1996///0, PY - 1996 DA - 0, 1996 EP - xi+249 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160488842 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Mental health services -- United States -- Statistics KW - Mental institutions -- United States -- Statistics KW - Social service, Psychiatric -- United States KW - Mentally ill -- United States -- Statistics KW - Mental illness -- United States -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59756726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Manderscheid%2C+Ronald+W%3BSonnenschein%2C+Mary+Anne&rft.aulast=Manderscheid&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xi%2B249&rft.isbn=0160488842&rft.btitle=Mental+health%2C+United+States%2C+1996&rft.title=Mental+health%2C+United+States%2C+1996&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-048884-2) pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National directory of drug abuse and alcoholism treatment and prevention programs: 1995 survey T2 - Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS pubn. no. (SMA) 96-3108 AN - 59745007; 1997-0102060 AB - Based on the Uniform Facility Data Set Survey (UFDS) carried out in the 50 states, American Samoa, the District of Columbia, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Republic of Palau, and the Virgin Islands, Oct. 1995. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1996. xiv+512 pp. Y1 - 1996///0, PY - 1996 DA - 0, 1996 EP - xiv+512 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160488591 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Drug addicts -- Care and treatment -- Directories KW - Alcoholism -- Rehabilitation -- Directories UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59745007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xiv%2B512&rft.isbn=0160488591&rft.btitle=National+directory+of+drug+abuse+and+alcoholism+treatment+and+prevention+programs%3A+1995+survey&rft.title=National+directory+of+drug+abuse+and+alcoholism+treatment+and+prevention+programs%3A+1995+survey&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-048859-1) pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Reports on HIV/AIDS, 1995 T2 - HIV/NCID/9-95/034 AN - 59741329; 1996-1203020 AB - A compilation of articles on HIV infection and AIDS reprinted from Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), v. 44 (1995); US, chiefly. JF - CDC National AIDS Clearinghouse, 1996. iii+120 pp. Y1 - 1996///0, PY - 1996 DA - 0, 1996 EP - iii+120 PB - CDC National AIDS Clearinghouse KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome -- United States -- Statistics KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome -- United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59741329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=iii%2B120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Reports+on+HIV%2FAIDS%2C+1995&rft.title=Reports+on+HIV%2FAIDS%2C+1995&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - CDC Nat AIDS Clearinghouse pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Post-stroke rehabilitation: assessment, referral, and patient management: quick reference guide for clinicians AN - 57751292; 90568 AB - The guidelines discuss purpose and scope; medical management; patient assessment; the rehabilitation referral; management of rehabilitation; and reintegration into the community. JF - Journal of Geriatric Drug Therapy AU - US Department of Health and Human Services AU - Public Health Service AU - Agency for Health Care Policy and Research AD - US Department of Health and Human Services ; Public Health Service ; Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Y1 - 1996///0, PY - 1996 DA - 0, 1996 SP - 5 EP - 44 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 8756-4629, 8756-4629 KW - Elderly people KW - USA KW - Rehabilitation KW - Government departments KW - Guidelines KW - Strokes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57751292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Unraveling+the+chronic+toxicity+of+lead%3A+an+essential+priority+for+environmental+health.&rft.au=Todd%2C+A+C%3BWetmur%2C+J+G%3BMoline%2C+J+M%3BGodbold%2C+J+H%3BLevin%2C+S+M%3BLandrigan%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2001-08-07 N1 - Document feature - il. tables. refs N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strokes; Elderly people; Rehabilitation; Guidelines; Government departments; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of fluvially deposited streamside mine waste; material from Canyon Creek, Idaho AN - 52431538; 1999-068411 JF - Report of Investigations - United States Department of Energy AU - Paulson, Anthony J AU - Balderrama, Robert AU - Zahl, Eric Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 58 PB - U. S. Department of Energy, Spokane Research Center, Spokane, WA KW - United States KW - zinc KW - Idaho KW - clastic sediments KW - floodplains KW - grain size KW - fines KW - pollution KW - lead KW - remediation KW - Canyon Creek KW - waste management KW - mineral composition KW - metals KW - sediments KW - fluvial features KW - cadmium KW - sulfur KW - alluvium KW - waste disposal KW - leaching KW - tailings KW - heavy metals KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52431538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Paulson%2C+Anthony+J%3BBalderrama%2C+Robert%3BZahl%2C+Eric&rft.aulast=Paulson&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Treatment+of+fluvially+deposited+streamside+mine+waste%3B+material+from+Canyon+Creek%2C+Idaho&rft.title=Treatment+of+fluvially+deposited+streamside+mine+waste%3B+material+from+Canyon+Creek%2C+Idaho&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - WA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 24 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04495 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alluvium; cadmium; Canyon Creek; clastic sediments; fines; floodplains; fluvial features; grain size; heavy metals; Idaho; leaching; lead; metals; mineral composition; pollution; remediation; sediments; sulfur; tailings; United States; waste disposal; waste management; zinc ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New techniques for mining thin-seam mountaintop coal reserves AN - 52377635; 2000-026206 JF - Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations AU - DuCarme, Joseph P AU - Jaspal, Jasinder S AU - Kwitkowski, August J Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 15 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. SN - 0096-1922, 0096-1922 KW - United States KW - roof-fall-tolerant KW - North America KW - mining KW - mines KW - roof control KW - coal mines KW - Appalachians KW - techniques KW - Eastern U.S. KW - coal seams KW - physical models KW - sedimentary rocks KW - mining geology KW - coal KW - coal exploration KW - coal deposits KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52377635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=DuCarme%2C+Joseph+P%3BJaspal%2C+Jasinder+S%3BKwitkowski%2C+August+J&rft.aulast=DuCarme&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=New+techniques+for+mining+thin-seam+mountaintop+coal+reserves&rft.title=New+techniques+for+mining+thin-seam+mountaintop+coal+reserves&rft.issn=00961922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - XBMIA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Appalachians; coal; coal deposits; coal exploration; coal mines; coal seams; Eastern U.S.; mines; mining; mining geology; North America; physical models; roof control; roof-fall-tolerant; sedimentary rocks; techniques; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strength and deformation properties of Belt strata, Coeur d'Alene mining district, ID AN - 52375393; 2000-026211 JF - Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations AU - Whyatt, J K AU - White, B G AU - Johnson, J C Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 65 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. SN - 0096-1922, 0096-1922 KW - United States KW - Idaho KW - experimental studies KW - upper Precambrian KW - Precambrian KW - numerical models KW - strength KW - data processing KW - Proterozoic KW - deformation KW - triaxial tests KW - rock mechanics KW - Mesoproterozoic KW - Kootenai County Idaho KW - Belt Supergroup KW - laboratory studies KW - Coeur d'Alene mining district KW - data bases KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52375393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Whyatt%2C+J+K%3BWhite%2C+B+G%3BJohnson%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Whyatt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Strength+and+deformation+properties+of+Belt+strata%2C+Coeur+d%27Alene+mining+district%2C+ID&rft.title=Strength+and+deformation+properties+of+Belt+strata%2C+Coeur+d%27Alene+mining+district%2C+ID&rft.issn=00961922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - 28 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes 13 appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - XBMIA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Belt Supergroup; Coeur d'Alene mining district; data bases; data processing; deformation; experimental studies; Idaho; Kootenai County Idaho; laboratory studies; Mesoproterozoic; numerical models; Precambrian; Proterozoic; rock mechanics; strength; triaxial tests; United States; upper Precambrian ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using a computer spreadsheet to characterize rock masses prior to subsidence prediction and numerical analysis AN - 52372857; 2000-026189 JF - Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations AU - O'Connor, K M AU - Siekmeier, J A AU - Powell, L R Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 69 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. SN - 0096-1922, 0096-1922 KW - mines KW - numerical models KW - in situ KW - geologic hazards KW - engineering properties KW - data processing KW - coal mines KW - prediction KW - land subsidence KW - rock mechanics KW - computer programs KW - rock mass rating KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52372857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C+K+M%3BSiekmeier%2C+J+A%3BPowell%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Using+a+computer+spreadsheet+to+characterize+rock+masses+prior+to+subsidence+prediction+and+numerical+analysis&rft.title=Using+a+computer+spreadsheet+to+characterize+rock+masses+prior+to+subsidence+prediction+and+numerical+analysis&rft.issn=00961922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 97 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sects., 5 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes 3 appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - XBMIA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal mines; computer programs; data processing; engineering properties; geologic hazards; in situ; land subsidence; mines; numerical models; prediction; rock mass rating; rock mechanics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real time monitoring of field measurements for mine design; Greens Creek Mine, Admiralty Island, Alaska AN - 52315589; 2000-054593 JF - Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations AU - Orr, T J AU - Beus, M J Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 15 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. SN - 0096-1922, 0096-1922 KW - United States KW - mining KW - mines KW - monitoring KW - underground mining KW - strain KW - Southeastern Alaska KW - data processing KW - Greens Creek Mine KW - deformation KW - temperature KW - rock mechanics KW - gases KW - blasting KW - time factor KW - mining geology KW - Admiralty Island KW - Alaska KW - design KW - field studies KW - 26A:Economic geology, general, deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52315589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Orr%2C+T+J%3BBeus%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Orr&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Real+time+monitoring+of+field+measurements+for+mine+design%3B+Greens+Creek+Mine%2C+Admiralty+Island%2C+Alaska&rft.title=Real+time+monitoring+of+field+measurements+for+mine+design%3B+Greens+Creek+Mine%2C+Admiralty+Island%2C+Alaska&rft.issn=00961922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - XBMIA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Admiralty Island; Alaska; blasting; data processing; deformation; design; field studies; gases; Greens Creek Mine; mines; mining; mining geology; monitoring; rock mechanics; Southeastern Alaska; strain; temperature; time factor; underground mining; United States ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Mortality and morbidity patterns associated with the October 12, 1992, Egypt earthquake AN - 52135719; 2002-022208 JF - Natural disaster reduction AU - Malilay, Josephine AU - Olson, David AU - Sinks, Thomas AU - Noji, Eric AU - Fayez Elias, Ibrahim A2 - Housner, George W. A2 - Chung, Riley M. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY SN - 0784401535 KW - patterns KW - geologic hazards KW - North Africa KW - medical geology KW - damage KW - Egypt KW - injuries KW - seismic risk KW - fatalities KW - buildings KW - Africa KW - risk assessment KW - Egypt earthquake 1992 KW - earthquakes KW - public health KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52135719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Malilay%2C+Josephine%3BOlson%2C+David%3BSinks%2C+Thomas%3BNoji%2C+Eric%3BFayez+Elias%2C+Ibrahim&rft.aulast=Malilay&rft.aufirst=Josephine&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0784401535&rft.btitle=Mortality+and+morbidity+patterns+associated+with+the+October+12%2C+1992%2C+Egypt+earthquake&rft.title=Mortality+and+morbidity+patterns+associated+with+the+October+12%2C+1992%2C+Egypt+earthquake&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Natural disaster reduction N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ASTM sampling methods and analytical validation for lead in paint, dust, soil and air AN - 50934781; 1997-055829 JF - ASTM Special Technical Publication. STP AU - Ashley, Kevin AU - Schlecht, Paul C AU - Song, Ruiguang AU - Feng, Amy AU - Dewalt, Gary AU - McKnight, Mary E A2 - Morgan, James Howard Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 125 EP - 136 PB - American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA VL - 1282 SN - 0066-0558, 0066-0558 KW - soils KW - hazardous waste KW - concentration KW - toxic materials KW - clastic sediments KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - lead KW - suspended materials KW - standardization KW - chemical waste KW - sample preparation KW - detection KW - metals KW - dust KW - sediments KW - industrial waste KW - air KW - particulate materials KW - particles KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50934781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASTM+Special+Technical+Publication.+STP&rft.atitle=ASTM+sampling+methods+and+analytical+validation+for+lead+in+paint%2C+dust%2C+soil+and+air&rft.au=Ashley%2C+Kevin%3BSchlecht%2C+Paul+C%3BSong%2C+Ruiguang%3BFeng%2C+Amy%3BDewalt%2C+Gary%3BMcKnight%2C+Mary+E&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=1282&rft.issue=&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=0803120435&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ASTM+Special+Technical+Publication.+STP&rft.issn=00660558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Symposium on Sampling environmental media N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ASTTA8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air; chemical waste; clastic sediments; concentration; detection; dust; hazardous waste; industrial waste; lead; metals; particles; particulate materials; pollutants; pollution; sample preparation; sediments; soils; standardization; suspended materials; toxic materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of lambda prophage by 213 nm laser radiation: A quantitative comparison with 193 nm excimer radiation using image analysis AN - 17089822; 3902553 AB - We compared the DNA damage produced by radiation from two UV laser wavelengths, 213 nm and 193 nm, with that produced by noncoherent 254 nm radiation. Following irradiation of Escherichia coli BR339, a bacteriophage lambda lysogen containing the lacZ gene, prophage induction was measured by assaying for beta -galactosidase. Because of the limited penetration by UV laser wavelengths an agar overlay of the lysogen was used as the irradiation target. Irradiation of 254 nm was performed in buffer suspension followed by transfer of mu L spots onto assay plants. Computer image analysis was used to monitor the rate of product formation, observed as an increase in optical density of the irradiated zones on assay plates. We found that the rate of product formation was a more reproducible unit of comparison than the optical density present at the end of the reaction. Although the rate of product formation was not linearly related to enzyme concentration, the data could be fit to a simple logarithmic function. Using this method, we concluded that the DNA damaging ability of 213 nm radiation was 10 times more efficient than 193 nm radiation and about 100 times less efficient than 254 nm noncoherent radiation. JF - Photochemistry and Photobiology AU - Matchette, L S AU - Grossman, L W AU - Hahn, D W AU - Cooney, C AD - FDA Cent. for Devices & Radiol. Health, Mail Stop HFZ-134, 1901 Chapman Ave., Rm. 6, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 281 EP - 285 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - laser radiation KW - phage lambda KW - DNA damage KW - U.V. radiation KW - Escherichia coli KW - phages KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - J 02750:Phage-host interactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17089822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+Photobiology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+lambda+prophage+by+213+nm+laser+radiation%3A+A+quantitative+comparison+with+193+nm+excimer+radiation+using+image+analysis&rft.au=Matchette%2C+L+S%3BGrossman%2C+L+W%3BHahn%2C+D+W%3BCooney%2C+C&rft.aulast=Matchette&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+Photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; phage lambda; DNA damage; U.V. radiation; phages; laser radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of chlorpromazine and methdilazine by Cunninghamella elegans AN - 17066457; 3892525 AB - When tested as a microbial model for mammalian drug metabolism, the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans metabolized chlorpromazine and methdilazine within 72 h. The metabolites were extracted by chloroform, separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass, and UV spectroscopic analyses. The major metabolites of chlorpromazine were chlorpromazine sulfoxide (36%), N-desmethylchlorpromazine (11%), N-desmethyl-7-hydroxychlorpromazine (6%), 7-hydroxychlorpromazine sulfoxide (5%), and chlorpromazine N-oxide (2%), all of which have been found in animal studies. The major metabolites of methdilazine were 3-hydroxymethdilazine (35%), methdilazine sulfoxide (30%), methdilazine N-oxide (4%), phenothiazine (3%), and 2-hydroxymethdilazine (3%). super(18)O sub(2) labeling experiments indicated that the oxygen atoms in methdilazine sulfoxide, methdilazine N-oxide, and 3-hydroxymethdilazine were all derived from molecular oxygen. The production of methdilazine sulfoxide and 3-hydroxymethdilazine was inhibited by the cytochrome P-450 inhibitors metyrapone and proadifen. An enzyme activity for the sulfoxidation of methdilazine was found in microsomal preparations of C. elegans. These experiments suggest that the sulfoxidation and hydroxylation of methdilazine and chlorpromazine by C. elegans are catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Zhang, Donglu AU - Freeman, J P AU - Sutherland, J B AU - Walker, A E AU - Yang, Yifan AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Natl. Cent. for Toxicol. Res., Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 798 EP - 803 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - methdilazine KW - chlorpromazine KW - biotransformation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Cunninghamella elegans KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32390:Others KW - K 03100:Miscellaneous topics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17066457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+chlorpromazine+and+methdilazine+by+Cunninghamella+elegans&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Donglu%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BSutherland%2C+J+B%3BWalker%2C+A+E%3BYang%2C+Yifan%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Donglu&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=798&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cunninghamella elegans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reclassification of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-metabolizing bacterium, Beijerinckia sp. strain B1, as Sphingomonas yanoikuyae by fatty acid analysis, protein pattern analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing AN - 17064787; 3892551 AB - A bacterium isolated from a polluted stream, capable of metabolizing biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and higher-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was previously identified as Beijerinckia sp. strain B1. In this investigation, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, biochemical tests, fatty acid methyl ester analysis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of protein, and DNA-DNA hybridization were used to determine the taxonomic relationship of Beijerinckia sp. strain B1. The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of B1 was identical to that of Sphingomonas yanoikuyae ATCC 51230 super(T). The biochemical tests, fatty acid analysis, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profile of soluble proteins of strain B1 showed results similar to those of S. yanoikuyae. DNA-DNA hybridization indicated that B1 and S. yanoikuyae ATCC 51230 super(T) are 75% homologous at the DNA level. We propose that Beijerinckia sp. strain B1 be reclassified as S. yanoikuyae. JF - International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology AU - Khan, A A AU - Wang, R-F AU - Cao, W-W AU - Franklin, W AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Microbiol. Div., Natl. Cent. for Toxicol. Res., Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 466 EP - 490 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0020-7713, 0020-7713 KW - Sphingomonas yanoikuyae KW - ribotyping KW - rRNA 16S KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biodegradation KW - fatty acid composition KW - hybridization analysis KW - DNA KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - taxonomy KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - N 14414:Structure and sequence KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17064787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Reclassification+of+a+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon-metabolizing+bacterium%2C+Beijerinckia+sp.+strain+B1%2C+as+Sphingomonas+yanoikuyae+by+fatty+acid+analysis%2C+protein+pattern+analysis%2C+DNA-DNA+hybridization%2C+and+16S+ribosomal+DNA+sequencing&rft.au=Khan%2C+A+A%3BWang%2C+R-F%3BCao%2C+W-W%3BFranklin%2C+W%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00207713&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - taxonomy; DNA; hybridization analysis; fatty acid composition; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; biodegradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biologically based, quantitative risk assessment of neurotoxicants AN - 17056115; 3884234 AB - The need for biologically based, quantitative risk assessment procedures for noncancer endpoints such as neurotoxicity has been discussed in reports by the United States Congress (Office of Technology Assessment, OTA), National Research Council (NRC), and a federal coordinating council. According to OTA, current attention and resources allocated to health risk assessment research are inadequate and not commensurate with its impact on public health and the economy. Methods to include continuous rather than dichotomous data for neurotoxicity endpoints, biomarkers of exposure and effects, and pharmacokinetic and mechanistic data have been proposed for neurotoxicity risk assessment but require further review and validation before acceptance. The purpose of this symposium was to examine procedures to enhance the risk assessment process for neurotoxicants and to discuss techniques to make the process more quantitative. Accordingly, a review of the currently used safety factor risk assessment approach for neurotoxicants is provided along with specific examples of how this process may be enhanced with the use of the benchmark dose approach. The importance of including physiologically based pharmacokinetic data in the risk assessment process and specific examples of this approach is presented for neurotoxicants. The role of biomarkers of exposure and effect and mechanistic information in the risk assessment process are also addressed. Finally, quantitative approaches with the use of continuous neurotoxicity data are demonstrated and the outcomes compared to those generated by currently used risk assessment procedures. JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Slikker, W Jr AU - Crump, K S AU - Andersen, ME AU - Bellinger, D AD - Div. Neurotoxicol., Natl. Cent. for Toxicol. Res./FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 18 EP - 30 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - neurotoxicity KW - risk assessment KW - N3 11101:General KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17056115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Biologically+based%2C+quantitative+risk+assessment+of+neurotoxicants&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W+Jr%3BCrump%2C+K+S%3BAndersen%2C+ME%3BBellinger%2C+D&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - risk assessment; toxicity testing; neurotoxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brucella abortus conjugated with a peptide derived from the V3 loop of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 induces HIV-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses in normal and in CD4 super(+) cell-depleted BALB/c mice AN - 17055607; 3886010 AB - We have previously shown that immunization of mice with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-derived proteins or peptides conjugated to inactivated Brucella abortus induces the secretion of virus-neutralizing antibodies, predominantly of the immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) isotype. In addition, B. abortus activates human CD4 super(+) and CD8 super(+) cells to secrete gamma interferon. Since these are both characteristics of a Th1-type immune response, which is associated with the development of cell-mediated immunity, it was important to determine if B. abortus conjugates would also act as a carrier to induce a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response. To test this hypothesis, we conjugated an 18-amino-acid peptide from the V3 loop of the MN strain of HIV-1 gp120 that contains both B- and cytotoxic T-cell epitopes to B. abortus (B. abortus-MN 18-mer). A 10-amino-acid fragment of this peptide has been shown to be the minimal CTL determinant presented by murine H-2D super(d). It was found that two in vivo immunizations with 10 super(8) organisms of B. abortus-MN 18-mer followed by in vitro stimulation with peptide induced a virus-specific CTL response. Conjugation to B. abortus was required for in vivo priming, since there was no induction of memory CTLs when B. abortus was only mixed with peptide. Targets pulsed with peptide as well as those infected with a vaccinia virus encoding HIV gp160 were killed, demonstrating recognition of naturally processed envelope. Also, major histocompatibility complex-incompatible L cells which were infected with vaccinia viruses that encoded H-2D super(d), but not H-2K super(d), and pulsed with peptide were lysed. This demonstrated the appropriate major histocompatibility complex class I restriction. Treatment of the mice with anti-L3T4 prior to immunization caused a severe depletion of CD4 super(+) lymphocytes, yet it did not decrease the CTL priming. Thus, inactivated B. abortus can induce non-CD4 super(+) cells to produce the cytokines required for CTL induction. We conclude that B. abortus stimulates a cellular as well as a humoral immune response, even in the relative absence of CD4 super(+) helper cells. It may be particularly useful vaccine carrier in HIV-1-infected individuals or others with impaired CD4 super(+) T-cell function. JF - Journal of Virology AU - Lapham, C AU - Golding, B AU - Inman, J AU - Blackburn, R AU - Manischewitz, J AU - Highet, P AU - Golding, H AD - Lab. Retrovirus Res., Div. Viral Products, Cent. Biol. Evaluat. and Res., U.S. FDA, Bldg. 29B, Rm. 3G21, HFM 454, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3084 EP - 3092 VL - 70 IS - 5 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - glycoprotein gp120 KW - mice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - lymphocytes T KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - immune response (cell-mediated) KW - recombination KW - Brucella abortus KW - cytotoxicity KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17055607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Brucella+abortus+conjugated+with+a+peptide+derived+from+the+V3+loop+of+human+immunodeficiency+virus+%28HIV%29+type+1+induces+HIV-specific+cytotoxic+T-cell+responses+in+normal+and+in+CD4+super%28%2B%29+cell-depleted+BALB%2Fc+mice&rft.au=Lapham%2C+C%3BGolding%2C+B%3BInman%2C+J%3BBlackburn%2C+R%3BManischewitz%2C+J%3BHighet%2C+P%3BGolding%2C+H&rft.aulast=Lapham&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3084&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lymphocytes T; immune response (cell-mediated); recombination; cytotoxicity; human immunodeficiency virus 1; Brucella abortus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sedative-hypnotic drugs and the risk of hip fracture AN - 17053641; 3882811 AB - A retrospective cohort study was conducted in individuals 65 years of age and older using Medicaid-reimbursed claims to assess the risk of hip fracture in users of two sedative-hypnotic drugs, triazolam and temazepam. Using the triazolam cohort as the referent group, the rate ratio was 0.92 (95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.17) for hip fracture with temazepam. Stratifying by age, sex, race, residence, time enrolled in Medicaid, prescription number, combinations of these, and several other potential confounding variables did not materially change the results. Compared with the short-acting benzodiazepine hypnotic temazepam, use of triazolam, an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine hypnotic, did not decrease the risk of hip fracture. This study did not determine that either drug, compared with no use in an insomniac control group, increases the risk of hip fracture. However, because sedative-hypnotic drugs have been found in other studies to increase the risk of falling and hip fracture, they should be used with caution, especially in the elderly. JF - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology AU - Wysowski, D K AU - Baum, C AU - Ferguson, W J AU - Lundin, F AU - Ng, Moh-Jee AU - Hammerstrom, T AD - Div. Epidemiol. and Surveillance, HFD-733, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rm. 15B-18, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 111 EP - 113 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0895-4356, 0895-4356 KW - triazolam KW - temazepam KW - Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - fractures KW - sedatives KW - hip KW - risk assessment KW - man KW - T 20031:Fractures and bone healing KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17053641?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Sedative-hypnotic+drugs+and+the+risk+of+hip+fracture&rft.au=Wysowski%2C+D+K%3BBaum%2C+C%3BFerguson%2C+W+J%3BLundin%2C+F%3BNg%2C+Moh-Jee%3BHammerstrom%2C+T&rft.aulast=Wysowski&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Epidemiology&rft.issn=08954356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hip; fractures; risk assessment; man; sedatives ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Does research synthesis have a place in drug regulatory policy? Synopsis of issues: Assessment of safety and postmarketing surveillance AN - 17044306; 3874085 AB - Research synthesis is an inherent part of the evaluation of a new drug's safety, during its premarketing approval stage and during its postmarketing lifetime. The information available to evaluate a drug's safety is usually different from the information available to evaluate its efficacy. Premarketing drug applications usually contain multiple studies and multiclinic studies that need to be synthesized with regard to their evidence for the drug's safety and efficacy. In general, these premarketing studies, when used for safety evaluation, are under-powered because adverse events often occur at low incidence or are differentially associated with sub-populations. Further, timing and choice of measurement needed to assess these adverse events may be sub-optional. Obviously, some form of "research synthesis" is needed to access the body safety of studies available before marketing. JF - Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs [CLIN. RES. REGUL. AFF.]. pp. 13-21. 1996. AU - Anello, C AU - O'Neill, R T A2 - Colditz, GA (ed) A2 - Kazda, IK (ed) A2 - Cappelleri (ed.) Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 9 EP - 21 KW - FDA KW - research synthesis KW - pharmaceuticals KW - government policy KW - government policies KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - side effects KW - drugs KW - legislation KW - USA KW - research programs KW - safety regulations KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17044306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Anello%2C+C%3BO%27Neill%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Anello&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Does+research+synthesis+have+a+place+in+drug+regulatory+policy%3F+Synopsis+of+issues%3A+Assessment+of+safety+and+postmarketing+surveillance&rft.title=Does+research+synthesis+have+a+place+in+drug+regulatory+policy%3F+Synopsis+of+issues%3A+Assessment+of+safety+and+postmarketing+surveillance&rft.issn=10601333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Does research synthesis have a place in drug regulatory policy? Synopsis of issues: Assessment of efficacy and drug approval AN - 17044121; 3874084 AB - Research synthesis is a necessary aspect of drug development and regulatory review, for both the evaluation of the efficacy of a new drug and for the assessment of its safety, before and after marketing. A new drug application usually contains multiclinic trials and multiple protocols and studies that are evaluated individually and collectively to form a synthesis of the evidence of efficacy and safety. Sponsors are required to perform analyses which integrate efficacy and safety data for all studies in a submission. The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act requires that decisions to approve a new drug be based on "substantial evidence" derived from adequate and well-controlled trials. This regulatory requirement involves the following components: controlled studies, replication of study findings, confirmation of effects, consistency of effects, and the ability of the data and analyses to support clear labeling and directions for use of the drug. Current methodologies for research synthesis will require modification to meet these needs. JF - Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs [CLIN. RES. REGUL. AFF.]. pp. 23-29. 1996. AU - O'Neill, R T AU - Anello, C A2 - Colditz, GA (ed) A2 - Kazda, IK (ed) A2 - Cappelleri (ed.) Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 7 EP - 29 KW - FDA KW - pharmaceuticals KW - government policy KW - government policies KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - drugs KW - legislation KW - USA KW - safety regulations KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17044121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+R+T%3BAnello%2C+C&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Does+research+synthesis+have+a+place+in+drug+regulatory+policy%3F+Synopsis+of+issues%3A+Assessment+of+efficacy+and+drug+approval&rft.title=Does+research+synthesis+have+a+place+in+drug+regulatory+policy%3F+Synopsis+of+issues%3A+Assessment+of+efficacy+and+drug+approval&rft.issn=10601333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CpG motifs present in bacterial DNA rapidly induce lymphocytes to secrete interleukin 6, interleukin 12, and interferon gamma AN - 17043203; 3879667 AB - Bacterial infection stimulates the host to mount a rapid inflammatory response. A 6-base DNA motif consisting of an unmethylated CpG dinucleotide flanked by two 5' purines and two 3' pyrimidines was shown to contribute to this response by inducing polyclonal B-cell activation. This stimulatory motif is 20 times more common in the DNA of bacteria than higher vertebrates. The current work shows that the same motif induces the rapid and coordinated secretion of interleukin (IL) 6, IL-12, and interferon gamma (but not IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10) in vivo and in vitro. Stimulatory CpG DNA motifs induced B, T, and natural killer cells to secrete cytokine more effectively than did lipopolysaccharide. Thus, immune recognition of bacterial DNA may contribute to the cytokine as well as the antibody production characteristic of an innate inflammatory response. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Klinman, D M AU - Yi, Ae-Kyung AU - Beaucage, S L AU - Conover, J AU - Krieg, A M AD - Sect. Retroviral Immun., Div. Viral Products, Cent. for Biologics Evaluation and Res., Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892-4555, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2879 EP - 2883 VL - 93 IS - 7 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - lymphocytes B KW - interleukin 12 KW - interleukin 6 KW - DNA KW - gamma -interferon KW - Escherichia coli KW - J 02725:DNA KW - F 06772:Other cells (leukocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, platelets) KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - N 14800:Immunological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17043203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=CpG+motifs+present+in+bacterial+DNA+rapidly+induce+lymphocytes+to+secrete+interleukin+6%2C+interleukin+12%2C+and+interferon+gamma&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D+M%3BYi%2C+Ae-Kyung%3BBeaucage%2C+S+L%3BConover%2C+J%3BKrieg%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2879&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; interleukin 6; interleukin 12; gamma -interferon; DNA; lymphocytes B ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A citywide survey of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus-New York City, 1993 AN - 17038585; 3872489 AB - Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) has become an increasingly important nosocomial pathogen. Questionnaires were sent to all New York City (NYC)-licensed laboratories to ask about testing procedures used, number of isolates identified, species identified, and vancomycin susceptibility for enterococcal isolates in 1993. Of 127 laboratories, 118 (93%) responded. Fifty-three (45%) of the 118 laboratories reported both the number of enterococcal isolates tested and the number of VRE isolates identified during 1993; 15 (28%) of the 53 laboratories did not isolate VRE, and the remaining 38 laboratories identified 3,822 (8.1%) VRE isolates. VRE was first identified by a NYC-licensed (commercial) laboratory in 1988. Among NYC hospital laboratories, 65 (97%) of 67 identified at least one VRE isolate during 1989-1993. This survey demonstrates that there has been a marked increase in the number of VRE isolates identified in NYC laboratories. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Washko, R AU - Dow, A AU - Henning, K J AD - NIOSH/DRDS, Mailstop 256, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 136 EP - 137 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - vancomycin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - USA, New York, New York City KW - antibiotic resistance KW - Enterococcus KW - urban environments KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17038585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=A+citywide+survey+of+vancomycin-resistant+Enterococcus-New+York+City%2C+1993&rft.au=Washko%2C+R%3BDow%2C+A%3BHenning%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Washko&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterococcus; USA, New York, New York City; antibiotic resistance; urban environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cupric and ferric ions inactive HIV AN - 17030411; 3871948 AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) was inactivated by either cupric or ferric ions when the virus was free in solution and also 3 hr after cell infection. Fifty percent inactivation of cell-free HIV was achieved with Cu(II) at a concentration between 0.16 and 1.6 mM, or by 1.8 to 18 mM Fe(III). Thus, the dose to inactivate 50% of infectious HIV (D sub(50)) by Cu(II) or Fe(III) is higher than that reported for glutaraldehyde (0.1 mM); between the D sub(50) reported for sodium hypochlorite (1.3 mM) and sodium hydroxide (11.5 mM), and significantly lower than that required for HIV inactivation by ethanol (360 mM). Treatment of infected cells for 30 min at 20 degree C with 6 mM Cu(II) or Fe(III) completely inhibited the formation of syncytia and the synthesis of virus-specific p24 antigen in HIV-infected cells, while still preserving cell viability. The virucidal properties of cupric and ferric ions could be exploited for the development of novel virucidal formulations efficient against HIV. JF - AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses AU - Sagripanti, J-L AU - Lightfoote, M M AD - Molecular Biol. Branch (HFZ-113), Cent. for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 333 EP - 336 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - copper KW - iron KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - inactivation KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - cations KW - syncytia KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17030411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Research+and+Human+Retroviruses&rft.atitle=Cupric+and+ferric+ions+inactive+HIV&rft.au=Sagripanti%2C+J-L%3BLightfoote%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Sagripanti&rft.aufirst=J-L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Research+and+Human+Retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - human immunodeficiency virus 1; inactivation; cations; syncytia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and characterization by differential PCR of host eukaryotic cell genes differentially transcribed following uptake of intracellular bacteria AN - 16995055; 3840871 AB - Host eukaryotic cell genes that are differentially transcribed after phagocytosis of various pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacterial cells were identified by a differential PCR (DPCR) system. This DPCR procedure favors detection and isolation of host genes affected at the transcriptional level by selecting for poly (A) tails but differs substantially from reverse transcription-PCR. Several unidentified macrophage gene fragments from genes that were either transcriptionally activated or downregulated following uptake of Listeria monocytogenes into J774 mouse macrophage cells were initially defined by this DPCR procedure. Because of the sensitivity of the DPCR technique, all of the genes exhibited less than a 10-fold difference in transcription compared with a noninfected cells as measured by limiting-dilution PCR. One of the gene fragments has a very high level of homology with a mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP-1), whereas the other affected fragments showed no homologies to known gene sequences. In addition, one the gene fragments (WS30-B2/1) was specifically downregulated after L. monocytogenes uptake and another gene was repressed by uptake of either Shigella flexneri or L. monocytogenes, while transcription of the genes represented by fragment WS13-B9/9, and to some extent MKP-1, was activated following general phagocytosis (i.e., following uptake of any species of bacterium tested). Further characterization of the affected genes was conducted by using mutants of L. monocytogenes. A hemolysin-negative mutant of L. monocytogenes failed to elicit transcriptional regulation of gene fragment WS10-B4/14 or WS30-B2/1, and it elicited only minimal regulation of MKP-1, suggesting that escape from the phagosome may be required to initiate these responses. Furthermore, mutants with mutations in mpl and actA, two genes whose gene products are involved in actin polymerization and intrahost spread, also did not induce regulation of WS10-B4/14. These results demonstrate that (i) DPCR can identify specific host cell genes which are differentially transcribed after infection with certain microorganisms and (ii) some of these genes may be new or may never before have been linked to interactions between hosts and pathogens. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Schwan, W R AU - Kuegler, S AU - Schueller, S AU - Kopecko, D J AU - Goebel, W AD - FDA-CHER/HFM440, NIH Campus, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 91 EP - 99 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - eukaryotes KW - cDNA KW - genes KW - hosts KW - diagnostic agents KW - transcription KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16995055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Detection+and+characterization+by+differential+PCR+of+host+eukaryotic+cell+genes+differentially+transcribed+following+uptake+of+intracellular+bacteria&rft.au=Schwan%2C+W+R%3BKuegler%2C+S%3BSchueller%2C+S%3BKopecko%2C+D+J%3BGoebel%2C+W&rft.aulast=Schwan&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; cDNA; transcription; eukaryotes; genes; hosts; diagnostic agents; nucleotide sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating risk under varying models of occupational exposure AN - 16273209; 4258674 JF - Occupational Hygiene AU - Sullivan, P A AU - Eisen, E AU - Kriebel, D AU - Woskie, S AU - Odencrantz, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 185 EP - 190 VL - 3 IS - 1-3 SN - 1061-0251, 1061-0251 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16273209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Estimating+risk+under+varying+models+of+occupational+exposure&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+P+A%3BEisen%2C+E%3BKriebel%2C+D%3BWoskie%2C+S%3BOdencrantz%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Hygiene&rft.issn=10610251&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of data on compliance to epidemiological assessment of exposure response: The case of data on exposure of United States coal miners AN - 16267258; 4258673 AB - Many of the epidemiological analyses of data on coal miners in the United States have been based on data collected by coal-mine operators in order to demonstrate compliance with regulations. The possibility of bias in these data has led to uncertainty in interpretation of the derived epidemiological findings. Recently, suspicions about tampering by the operators led to a special sampling exercise, the results of which provided data that were applied in this analysis to assess bias in the exposure data. From this information, it was concluded that, while there was evidence of a large degree of bias in smaller mines with poor health and safety records, that for the larger mines included in the epidemiological study was much smaller, and of the order of 10-15%. JF - Occupational Hygiene AU - Attfield, MD AU - Hearl, F J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 944 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 177 EP - 184 VL - 3 IS - 1-3 SN - 1061-0251, 1061-0251 KW - USA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16267258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Application+of+data+on+compliance+to+epidemiological+assessment+of+exposure+response%3A+The+case+of+data+on+exposure+of+United+States+coal+miners&rft.au=Attfield%2C+MD%3BHearl%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Hygiene&rft.issn=10610251&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Optical waveguides for infrared laser sources AN - 15915318; 265319 AB - Mid-infrared free electron lasers (FELs) is a tunable laser source used for testing broadband transmission waveguides. This laser has a unique pulse structure, but its high peak powers can serve as an excellent testing tool for waveguides damage. The FEL maybe used in the operating room, by which one of the waveguides being developed can transmit energy reliably to the operation site. Shorter wavelengths FELs are also being developed, fibers and waveguides will be needed for those wavelengths. JF - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA). Vol. 1, 396 p. 1996. AU - Gannot, Isreal AU - Waynant, Ronald W Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1 EP - 396 PB - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA) KW - Broadband transmission waveguides KW - Pulse structure KW - Abstract only KW - Laser tuning KW - Optical waveguides KW - Medical applications KW - Fiber lasers KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 744.4:SOLID STATE LASERS KW - W4 744.5:FREE ELECTRON LASERS KW - W4 741.3:OPTICAL DEVICES AND SYSTEMS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W4 714.3:WAVEGUIDES KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 744.1:LASERS (GENERAL) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15915318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Gannot%2C+Isreal%3BWaynant%2C+Ronald+W&rft.aulast=Gannot&rft.aufirst=Isreal&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=396&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Optical+waveguides+for+infrared+laser+sources&rft.title=Optical+waveguides+for+infrared+laser+sources&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Exposure probabilities to ergonomic hazards among miners AN - 15874165; 260491 AB - The National Occupational Health Survey of Mining (NOHSM) was designed to provide estimates of health and safety hazards, including ergonomic hazards, to which miners are exposed. Nine specially-trained observers documented health hazards for 144 mines that were representative of the metal-nonmetal mining industry. The observers documented 9,121 exposures to 12 different ergonomic hazards. Almost 25% of these exposures were to hazards involving the neck and back. Other major ergonomic hazards included: Movement of the forearms, arms and shoulders; and finger-hand movement. The mining categories (i.e., `commodities') most at risk for ergonomic hazards were (in order of diminishing risk, with the total workforce at risk in parentheses): Trona (N identical with 749), Leonardite (N identical with 52), Gold-Lode/Placer (N identical with 4,290), Gemstones (N identical with 80), Rare Earths (N identical with 218), and Aluminum Ore (N identical with 3,801). These results are discussed in terms of evaluating the effectiveness of various ergonomic interventions, as well as improving the efficacy of current health and safety inspection strategies. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Winn, Francis JJr AU - Biersner, Robert J AU - Morrissey, Stephen Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 417 EP - 422 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V., AMSTERDAM, (NETHERLANDS) VL - 18 IS - 5-6 KW - Accident prevention KW - Biomechanics KW - Ergonomic hazards KW - Ergonomic intervention KW - Health hazards KW - Health risks KW - Miners KW - Musculoskeletal system KW - Occupational risks KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts KW - Surveys KW - Mining KW - EE 912.4:PERSONNEL KW - W4 461.4:HUMAN ENGINEERING KW - W4 912.4:PERSONNEL KW - EE 461.7:HEALTH CARE KW - W4 914.1:ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION KW - W4 502:MINES AND QUARRY EQUIPMENT AND OPERATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE KW - EE 502:MINES AND QUARRY EQUIPMENT AND OPERATIONS KW - EE 461.4:HUMAN ENGINEERING KW - EE 914.1:ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15874165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Exposure+probabilities+to+ergonomic+hazards+among+miners&rft.au=Winn%2C+Francis+JJr%3BBiersner%2C+Robert+J%3BMorrissey%2C+Stephen&rft.aulast=Winn&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Case study of power quality in a health care facility: Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington DC AN - 15870774; 262237 AB - This paper describes a power quality survey that was done as part of an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) study at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) in Washington, D.C.; the power quality part of the study was carried out as a cooperative effort between personnel from WRAMC and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH). Explained are the methods used and measurement results of a study of existing power quality, power tool emissions, and medical device susceptibility. JF - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA). pp. 230-235. 1996. AU - Quarrie, LO AU - Walchle, R L Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 6 EP - 235 PB - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA) KW - Data recording KW - Electric variables measurement KW - Medical device susceptibility KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Surveys KW - Hospitals KW - W4 723.2:DATA PROCESSING KW - W4 942.2:ELECTRIC VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 462.2:HOSPITALS, EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 711.1:ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN DIFFERENT MEDIA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15870774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Quarrie%2C+LO%3BWalchle%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Quarrie&rft.aufirst=LO&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Case+study+of+power+quality+in+a+health+care+facility%3A+Walter+Reed+Army+Medical+Center%2C+Washington+DC&rft.title=Case+study+of+power+quality+in+a+health+care+facility%3A+Walter+Reed+Army+Medical+Center%2C+Washington+DC&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary microsomal metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene following exposure of rats to silica AN - 15864702; 4025518 AB - Because some evidence suggests that there may be an increased incidence of lung cancer in silicosis and because previous studies have shown that exposure of rats to silica alters the pulmonary cytochrome P-450 system, we studied the effects of exposing rats to silica on the lung microsomal metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Rats were exposed to silica by intratracheal administration, lung microsomes were obtained 2 wk later from untreated and silica-treated animals, and the amounts of microsomal tissue and metabolites formed during the in vitro microsomal metabolism of BaP were measured. When the formation of BaP metabolites in equal amounts of lung microsomal tissue from the 2 treatment groups is compared, 3-OH BaP, BaP 4,5-diol, and BaP 9,10-diol are reduced by 45-70%, but the formation of BaP 7,8-diol or the BaP-quinones is not significantly altered following exposure to silica. In fact, the ratio of the BaP diols and BaP quinones, potentially toxic metabolites, to the relatively nontoxic 3-OH BaP produced by equal amounts of lung microsomal tissue is increased more than threefold following exposure of rats to silica. Since exposure of rats to silica leads to increased levels of lung microsomal protein, the amounts of BaP metabolites that could be produced by all microsomal tissue in the lungs were calculated. In silica-treated animals, the calculated total lung production of 3-OH BaP, BaP 4,5-diol, and BaP 9,10-diol tends to be increased by 1.2- to 2.0-fold, but BaP 7,8-diol and the BaP quinones are increased by 3.5-fold. These results demonstrate that exposure of rats to silica may alter the capacity of the lungs to metabolize benzo[a]pyrene, and the greatest effect seems to be enhanced accumulation of BaP 7,8-diol and the BaP quinones. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Miles, PR AU - Ma, JYC AU - Bowman, L AU - Miller, M R AD - Physiol. Sect., DRDS, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 501 EP - 514 VL - 48 IS - 5 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - metabolism KW - rats KW - benzo(a)pyrene KW - silicon dioxide KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - lung KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15864702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+microsomal+metabolism+of+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+following+exposure+of+rats+to+silica&rft.au=Miles%2C+PR%3BMa%2C+JYC%3BBowman%2C+L%3BMiller%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=PR&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lung ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symposium on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in the developing system and impact on risk assessment: Executive summary AN - 15858952; 4020331 JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Young, J F AU - Schwetz, BA AU - Willhite, C C AU - Kacew, S AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Drive, HFT-130, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 339 EP - 355 VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - pharmacodynamics KW - pharmacokinetics KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - reviews KW - risk assessment KW - conferences KW - X 24270:Proceedings UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15858952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Symposium+on+pharmacokinetics%2Fpharmacodynamics+in+the+developing+system+and+impact+on+risk+assessment%3A+Executive+summary&rft.au=Young%2C+J+F%3BSchwetz%2C+BA%3BWillhite%2C+C+C%3BKacew%2C+S&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conferences; risk assessment; reviews; toxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two parameters limiting the sensitivity of laboratory tests of condoms as viral barriers AN - 15842068; 257783 AB - The practical limits of a laboratory test for evaluating condoms as virus barriers were characterized by determining virus penetration through small punctures in latex condoms. The test quantifies virus penetration through a pressurized, restrained condom filled with challenge virus. Estimation of the minimum-detectable hole (narrow slit) dimensions indicated that a limiting factor in virus transmission through such a puncture is fluid flow. The virus penetration rates decreased with time, apparently caused by the hole closing or being blocked, indicating that extending the test duration to allow more virus penetration was of limited value. Further, it was found that adsorption of virus particles during passage through a hole may limit the useful sensitivity of the test. With bacteriophage phi X174 as the challenge virus, the practical limit for detecting virus penetration may be approximately 2 x 10 super(-6) mL; with more adsorptive viruses, the test would be less sensitive. JF - Journal of Testing & Evaluation AU - Lytle, CDavid AU - Routson, Licia B AU - Thomas, Delma P AU - Regnault, William F AU - Cyr, WHoward AD - Food and Drug Administration and Biocon, Inc, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 279 EP - 286 PB - ASTM, CONSHOHOCKEN, PA, (USA) VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0090-3973, 0090-3973 KW - Bioassay KW - Challenge virus KW - Latex condoms KW - Mechanical permeability KW - Minimum detectable hole KW - Plaque forming units KW - Pressure effects KW - Research laboratories KW - Virus barriers KW - Virus penetration rate KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bacteriophages KW - Viruses KW - Adsorption KW - W4 901.3:ENGINEERING RESEARCH KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W4 817.1:PLASTICS PRODUCTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 801.3:COLLOID CHEMISTRY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15842068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Testing+%26+Evaluation&rft.atitle=Two+parameters+limiting+the+sensitivity+of+laboratory+tests+of+condoms+as+viral+barriers&rft.au=Lytle%2C+CDavid%3BRoutson%2C+Licia+B%3BThomas%2C+Delma+P%3BRegnault%2C+William+F%3BCyr%2C+WHoward&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=CDavid&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Testing+%26+Evaluation&rft.issn=00903973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacteriophages; Viruses; Adsorption ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NMR parameter contrast in abundant-spin images of solids AN - 15832894; 256435 AB - Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) techniques have been steadily improving over the years. Today high-resolution images of rigid solids are now accomplished by many different means. For abundant nuclei, the combination of multiple-pulse line narrowing and pulsed field gradients have greatly improved both the resolution and sensitivity of the imaging experiment, but often at the expense of the chemical information in the material. In this paper we discuss means of incorporating NMR parameters in the imaging experiment to generate image contrast which provides information about local variations in the chemistry of the material. JF - Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance AU - Hepp, MA AU - Miller, J B AD - FDA, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 367 EP - 374 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V., AMSTERDAM, (NETHERLANDS) VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 0926-2040, 0926-2040 KW - Fourier transforms KW - Image coding KW - Multiple pulse line narrowing KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy KW - Nuclear spins KW - Parameter contrast KW - Rigid solids KW - Solid state imaging KW - Solids KW - Spectroscopic imaging KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Magnetic fields KW - Chemistry KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance KW - Elastomers KW - W4 818.2:ELASTOMERS KW - W4 921.3:MATHEMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS KW - W4 931.2:PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 801.1:CHEMISTRY (GENERAL) KW - W4 701.2:MAGNETISM: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PHENOMENA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15832894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solid+State+Nuclear+Magnetic+Resonance&rft.atitle=NMR+parameter+contrast+in+abundant-spin+images+of+solids&rft.au=Hepp%2C+MA%3BMiller%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Hepp&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solid+State+Nuclear+Magnetic+Resonance&rft.issn=09262040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Magnetic fields; Chemistry; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Elastomers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of analytical methods for quantification of residual powder on `powderless' latex gloves AN - 15784273; 246690 AB - An analytical method that determines the minimum amount of residual corn starch powder that can reliably be detected on 'powderless' gloves is validated. The various steps in the procedure are analyzed to determine their limitations and effects on the final results. The ability of the washing steps to remove residual powder from `powderless' gloves is ascertained by conducting recovery studies, and the efficiency of the filtration and transfer steps is measured. Finally, the use of beta -cyclodextrin as an aqueous phase modified is investigated. JF - Journal of Testing & Evaluation AU - Chen, Ellen Tuanying AU - Hughes-Dillon, Kathryn AU - Schroeder, Leroy W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 229 EP - 236 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0090-3973, 0090-3973 KW - Allergies KW - Aqueous phase modifier KW - Cyclodextrin KW - Latexes KW - Powder recovery KW - Powderless latex gloves KW - Residual powder quantification KW - Starch KW - Washwater transfer steps KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Filtration KW - Adsorption KW - Proteins KW - Washing KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 818.5:RUBBER PRODUCTS KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 461.9.1:IMMUNOLOGY KW - W4 801.3:COLLOID CHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15784273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Testing+%26+Evaluation&rft.atitle=Development+of+analytical+methods+for+quantification+of+residual+powder+on+%60powderless%27+latex+gloves&rft.au=Chen%2C+Ellen+Tuanying%3BHughes-Dillon%2C+Kathryn%3BSchroeder%2C+Leroy+W&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Testing+%26+Evaluation&rft.issn=00903973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filtration; Adsorption; Proteins; Washing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory concerns in the development of biologic-biomaterial combinations AN - 15782630; 246750 AB - Several biologic-biomaterial combinations are currently under development in an attempt to modulate tissue or organ function in patients. The FDA regulations on combination products and the intercenter agreements among the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), and the Center for Drugs Evaluation and Research (CDER) provide further guidance on center jurisdiction of combination products and other products where there are jurisdictional concerns. The biological component of biologic-biomaterial combinations raises a number of issues that relate to the safety and bioactivity of the final product. For example, transmission of adventitious agents to patients via somatic cells, tissue, or cell-derived products is a major safety concern as are in vivo inflammatory responses elicited by the biomaterial component. CBER has drafted a number of `Points to Consider' documents to provide further guidance in the development of biological products. The intent of this article is to provide the highlights of the FDA regulations for combination products and the intercenter agreement between CBER and CDRH delineating the responsibilities of each center for medical device activities. In addition, the article focuses on the CBER's concerns related to the development of somatic cell-biomaterial combinations for therapeutic use. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials AU - Chapekar, Mrunal S AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 199 EP - 203 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Food and Drug Administration (FDA) KW - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) KW - Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) KW - Center for Drugs Evaluation and Research (CDER) KW - Biological materials KW - Laws and legislation KW - Drug products KW - Health risks KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 902.3:LEGAL ASPECTS KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 462.5:BIOMATERIALS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15782630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Regulatory+concerns+in+the+development+of+biologic-biomaterial+combinations&rft.au=Chapekar%2C+Mrunal+S&rft.aulast=Chapekar&rft.aufirst=Mrunal&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Medical human factors AN - 15779081; 248270 AB - This paper provides an overview of the panel discussion of how human factors concerns currently are being addressed in medical care and demonstrates that medicine and health care are critical areas for research and application of human factors considerations. Three topics of relevance to the human factors community are addressed by the panel. One is performance-related information. The second is information used in decision making. The third topic is the need for human factors in the earliest design stage of the development of medical devices, and the actual experience of a user in developing and manufacturing a device. Summaries of the presentation of each of the panel members are presented. JF - Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. Proceedings. Vol. 2, pp. 752-756. 1996. AU - Bogner, Marilyn Sue AU - Gross, Thomas P AU - Sanderson, Penelope AU - Seagull, FJacob AU - Muto, William H AU - Jones, Thomas N AU - Nevo, Igal AU - Donchin, Yoel Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 5 EP - 756 PB - HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY, INC., SANTA MONICA, CA, (USA) KW - Advanced Cardiac Life Support KW - Advanced data analysis algorithm KW - Biomedical equipment KW - Biomedical monitoring systems KW - Critical incident technique KW - Database systems KW - Decision making KW - Ergonomics KW - Health care KW - Human error KW - Information use KW - Medical computing KW - Medical error KW - Medical human factors KW - Medical problems KW - Patient monitoring KW - Performance related information KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Algorithms KW - Medicine KW - Errors KW - W4 461.4:HUMAN ENGINEERING KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 723.3:DATABASE SYSTEMS KW - W4 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15779081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Bogner%2C+Marilyn+Sue%3BGross%2C+Thomas+P%3BSanderson%2C+Penelope%3BSeagull%2C+FJacob%3BMuto%2C+William+H%3BJones%2C+Thomas+N%3BNevo%2C+Igal%3BDonchin%2C+Yoel&rft.aulast=Bogner&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=752&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Medical+human+factors&rft.title=Medical+human+factors&rft.issn=01635182&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomechanical evaluation of scaffolding tasks AN - 15765692; 3982484 AB - A field study was conducted to identify tasks and activities that increase the risk of overexertion injury associated with the erection and dismantling of frame scaffolds, and to determine strategies that would prevent or reduce the worker's risk of injury. Twelve construction sites involving 29 workers were visited. The investigation identified that lifting scaffold end frames, carrying end frames, handling scaffold planks, removing cross braces, and removing guardrails are activities that increase the risk of overexertion injuries during task performance. This paper has focused on end-frame handling problems. Although the techniques used to handle end frames varied among the construction sites and subjects, six lifting and five carrying strategies were commonly used. Computer simulations of these work techniques show that considerable biomechanical stress occurs to most of the workers at their shoulders, elbows, and hips. To reduce overexertion injuries during erection and dismantling of frame scaffolds, design of an assistive device to lift scaffold end frames and modifications to the end-frame fixtures are suggested. Future research areas for the prevention of injury during scaffolding work are also proposed. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Hsiao, H AU - Stanevich, R L AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 407 EP - 415 VL - 18 IS - 5-6 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - biomechanics KW - lifting KW - musculoskeletal system KW - scaffolds KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - construction industry KW - materials handling KW - ergonomics KW - simulation KW - occupational health KW - H SI1.7:HUMAN FACTORS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15765692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Biomechanical+evaluation+of+scaffolding+tasks&rft.au=Hsiao%2C+H%3BStanevich%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Hsiao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - construction industry; occupational health; materials handling; simulation; ergonomics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stress management in work settings: A critical review of the health effects AN - 15761897; 3982503 AB - The author's purpose was to review critically the research literature on the health effects of worksite stress-management interventions. A variety of stress-management techniques was used in worksite studies, including muscle relaxation, meditation, biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral skills, and combinations of these techniques. Outcome measures to evaluate the success of stress interventions included physiologic and psychologic measurements, somatic complaints, and job-related measures. Nearly three-fourths of the studies offered the training to all workers and did not specifically recruit high-stress employees. Over half the studies were randomized control trials, but only 30% conducted posttraining follow-up evaluations. The effectiveness of stress interventions varied according to the health-outcome measure used; some techniques were more effective for psychologic outcomes (e.g., cognitive-behavioral skills), whereas others were more effective for phychologic outcomes (e.g., muscle relaxation). Biofeedback was the least frequent technique used in work settings and also seemed to be the least effective technique. Meditation produced the most consistent results across outcome measures but was used in only six studies. In general, studies using a combination of techniques (e.g., muscle relaxation plus cognitivebehavioral skills) seemed to be more effective across outcome measures than single techniques. JF - American Journal of Health Promotion AU - Murphy, L R AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 112 EP - 135 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0890-1171, 0890-1171 KW - anxiety KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - psychology KW - stress KW - management KW - occupational health KW - H SI0.7:HUMAN FACTORS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15761897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Health+Promotion&rft.atitle=Stress+management+in+work+settings%3A+A+critical+review+of+the+health+effects&rft.au=Murphy%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Health+Promotion&rft.issn=08901171&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational health; stress; psychology; management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of intratesticular injection of sodium fluoride on spermatogenesis AN - 15753714; 3972832 AB - The potential of sodium fluoride to affect spermatogenesis in the rat was assessed by intratesticular injection. Experimental rats' left testis was injected with sodium fluoride (50, 175 and 250 ppm) in vehicle (0.9% physiological saline); control testes were injected with vehicle. The right testis served as a non-injected control. Testicular tissues collected `at' and `distal to' the injection site and from the non-injected control testes were evaluated microscopically 24 hr and 1, 2 and 3 wk post-injection. Testicular tissues obtained at and distal to the injection site in all fluoride-injected groups resembled tissues collected from corresponding areas in the controls. Seminiferous tubule damage observed in both the vehicle-injected control testes and the fluoride-injected testes but not in the non-injected testes was attributed to injection trauma. Polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration was observed 24 hr post injection only at the injection site in the vehicle- and fluoride-injected groups. Leydig cells were unaffected. Leucocyte infiltration with seminiferous tubule damage was not considered to be a fluoride treatment-related effect because it was observed in both vehicle- and fluoride-injected testes. The results demonstrate that spermatogenesis in the rat is not adversely affected by direct exposure to fluoride at levels 200 times greater than those under normal conditions. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Sprando, R L AU - Black, T N AU - Ames, MJ AU - Rorie, JI AU - Collins, TFX AD - Division of Toxicological Research, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Beltsville, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 377 EP - 384 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - sodium fluoride KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - testes KW - spermatogenesis KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15753714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+intratesticular+injection+of+sodium+fluoride+on+spermatogenesis&rft.au=Sprando%2C+R+L%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BAmes%2C+MJ%3BRorie%2C+JI%3BCollins%2C+TFX&rft.aulast=Sprando&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - spermatogenesis; testes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro embryotoxicity of fumonisin B sub(1) evaluated with cultured postimplantation staged rat embryos AN - 15750331; 3979550 AB - Fumonisin B sub(1) (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by various species of Eusarium, is frequently found in corn and corn products intended for human consumption. FB1 has been linked to esophageal cancer in humans, but little is currently known about its developmental toxicity. The present study evaluated the effects of FB1 on rat embryos placed into culture on GD 9.5 (stages 11a-11b) and exposed to FB1 for the entire 45-h culture period. No effects were observed at 0.14 mu M FB1, but inhibition of embryonic growth and development was observed at medium concentrations greater than or equal to 0.28 mu M. All observed treatment-related abnormalities could be explained on the basis of the overall inhibition of growth and development. Coaddition of the cell permeant sources of ceramide, N-acetylsphingosine (5 mu M), or ganglioside G sub(M1) (1 mu M), did not antagonize FB1 toxicity. Alkaline hydrolysis of FB1 reduced its embryotoxicity 100-fold. Crude extracts of Fusarium culture material were no more embryotoxic than could be explained on the basis of FB1 content. These findings suggest that FB1 is highly toxic to cultured rat embryos, but does not induce any specific abnormalities; the embryotoxicity of FB1 may not be due to inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis; the embryotoxicity of FB1 is reduced significantly by alkaline hydrolysis; and other toxins present in crude Fusarium extracts do not appear to interact with FB1. JF - In Vitro Toxicology AU - Flynn, T J AU - Pritchard, D AU - Bradlaw, JA AU - Eppley, R AU - Page, S AD - Division of Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 271 EP - 279 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0888-319X, 0888-319X KW - fumonisin B1 KW - rat KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - Fusarium KW - embryos KW - in vitro KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15750331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Toxicology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+embryotoxicity+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+evaluated+with+cultured+postimplantation+staged+rat+embryos&rft.au=Flynn%2C+T+J%3BPritchard%2C+D%3BBradlaw%2C+JA%3BEppley%2C+R%3BPage%2C+S&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Toxicology&rft.issn=0888319X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; embryos; in vitro; toxicity testing ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Storage phosphor-based digital mammography using a low-dose x-ray system optimized for screen-film mammography AN - 15747897; 233431 AB - We are examining the feasibility of performing digital mammography by combining a storage- phosphor image receptor with a highly efficient x-ray system. The image receptor consists of Fuji series HR-V high resolution imaging plates and a Fuji 9000 reader. The x-ray system was developed using multiparameter optimization techniques, with the goal of reducing patient dose as much as possible while retaining acceptable imaging performance. We have measured sensitometric properties, modulation transfer function (MTF), and noise power spectrum (NPS) of the Fuji plates with low-energy x-ray spectra. We have used the measurements, along with information about the x-ray system, to estimate signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for objects in a contrast-detail (C-D) phantom. We present the results of our measurements on the Fuji plates, comparisons of calculated and observed C-D diagrams for this system and a conventional system, and comparisons of phantom images and doses for this system to images and doses for a conventional system. We conclude that digital mammography with the system studied is at least feasible since phantom image quality is comparable to that of a conventional system at dose levels that are somewhat lower. JF - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. Vol. 2708, pp. 220-232. 1996. AU - Jennings, Robert J AU - Jafroudi, Hamid AU - Gagne, Robert M AU - Fewell, Thomas R AU - Quinn, P W AU - Steller Artz, Dorothy E AU - Vucich, James J AU - Freedman, Matthew TMD AU - Mun, Seong K Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 13 EP - 232 PB - SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS, BELLINGHAM, WA, (USA) SN - 0819420832 KW - Contrast detail phantoms KW - Digital image storage KW - Digital mammography KW - Image quality KW - Modulation transfer function KW - Multiparameter optimization KW - Noise power spectra KW - Phosphors KW - Screen film mammography KW - Signal to noise ratio KW - Spurious signal noise KW - Storage phosphor image receptors KW - Transfer functions KW - X ray radiography KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oncology KW - Optimization KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 931.4:QUANTUM THEORY KW - W4 921:APPLIED MATHEMATICS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15747897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Jennings%2C+Robert+J%3BJafroudi%2C+Hamid%3BGagne%2C+Robert+M%3BFewell%2C+Thomas+R%3BQuinn%2C+P+W%3BSteller+Artz%2C+Dorothy+E%3BVucich%2C+James+J%3BFreedman%2C+Matthew+TMD%3BMun%2C+Seong+K&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=0819420832&rft.btitle=Storage+phosphor-based+digital+mammography+using+a+low-dose+x-ray+system+optimized+for+screen-film+mammography&rft.title=Storage+phosphor-based+digital+mammography+using+a+low-dose+x-ray+system+optimized+for+screen-film+mammography&rft.issn=0277786X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Determination of polydimethylsiloxane (silicone) concentration in turbid samples from Raman spectra AN - 15743491; 239770 AB - Recent technological advances have enabled the application of optical diagnostic techniques to human tissue and has suggested application of optical spectroscopy to a variety of biomedical problems. This work is a preliminary investigation of detection and monitoring of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) leakage in human breast tissue using Raman spectroscopy. The objectives of this project have direct pertinence to the concerns of physicians and patients about silicone implant integrity. Application of PLS to analyze tissue PDMS concentrations and to obtain information about light propagation within a turbid sample is discussed. JF - CONF PROC LASER ELECTR OPTIC SOC ANNU MEET AU - Durkin, Anthony J AU - Ediger, Marwood N AU - Pettit, George H Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 PB - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA) KW - Fiber optics KW - Human breast tissue KW - Implants (surgical) KW - Light absorption KW - Light propagation KW - Light scattering KW - Noninvasive medical procedures KW - Optical diagnostic techniques KW - Optical spectroscopy KW - Optical systems KW - Polydimethylsiloxane KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Silicone breast implants KW - Silicones KW - Tissue KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 741.1.2:FIBER OPTICS KW - W4 741.3:OPTICAL DEVICES AND SYSTEMS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 815.1.1:ORGANIC POLYMERS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15743491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CONF+PROC+LASER+ELECTR+OPTIC+SOC+ANNU+MEET&rft.atitle=Determination+of+polydimethylsiloxane+%28silicone%29+concentration+in+turbid+samples+from+Raman+spectra&rft.au=Durkin%2C+Anthony+J%3BEdiger%2C+Marwood+N%3BPettit%2C+George+H&rft.aulast=Durkin&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=CONF+PROC+LASER+ELECTR+OPTIC+SOC+ANNU+MEET&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous assessment of bioprosthetic heart valve biomechanical properties and collagen crimp length AN - 15743043; 238423 AB - A new morphologic method is described for the simultaneous quantitation of porcine aortic valve collagen crimp length and the assessment of biomechanical properties. This method utilizes the simultaneous real-time video recording of collagen crimp morphology and acquisition of crimp length data through the combination of polarized light microscopy and morphometry. We felt that the development of this method was warranted, due to the fundamental role played by collagen in porcine aortic valve performance. The development of this method involved the design and fabrication of a uniaxial microtensile stage, suitable for mounting on a standard microscope stage. The validation of our test method was accomplished by a comparison of untreated and glutaraldehyde-treated porcine aortic valve leaflet tissue, because the biomechanical and morphologic characteristics of the native and fixed aortic valve have been extensively studied. The method described in this communication enables the collection of morphologic and biomechanical data from a single tissue specimen, eliminating the need for independent studies of multiple specimens. Furthermore, this method obviates the need for making assumptions, which may be difficult to verify, concerning the homogeneity of different test specimens with respect to their morphology and corresponding mechanical response to different experimental conditions. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials AU - Hilbert, S L AU - Sword, L C AU - Batchelder, K F AU - Barrick, M K AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 503 EP - 509 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, NEW YORK, NY, (USA) VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Aldehydes KW - Biomechanical properties KW - Collagen KW - Collagen crimp length KW - Glutaraldehyde KW - Morphometry KW - Optical microscopy KW - Polarized light microscopy KW - Real time video recording KW - Video recording KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Morphology KW - Biomechanics KW - Mechanical properties KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 421:STRENGTH OF BUILDING MATERIALS KW - W4 741.3:OPTICAL DEVICES AND SYSTEMS KW - W4 461.3:BIOMECHANICS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 462.4:PROSTHETICS KW - W4 716.4:TELEVISION SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15743043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+assessment+of+bioprosthetic+heart+valve+biomechanical+properties+and+collagen+crimp+length&rft.au=Hilbert%2C+S+L%3BSword%2C+L+C%3BBatchelder%2C+K+F%3BBarrick%2C+M+K%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Hilbert&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Morphology; Biomechanics; Mechanical properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of proteins encoded by the ptx and ptl genes of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis AN - 15739725; 3972438 AB - Bordetella pertussis is the only bacterial species which is known to produce pertussis toxin (PT); however, both Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella parapertussis contain regions homologous to the ptx genes of B. pertussis that encode the toxin subunits. After finding that several children with B. parapertussis infections exhibited modest antibody titers to PT, we examined the ptx genes of both B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica to determine whether they would encode stable, functional proteins even though their promoters are thought to be inactive under the conditions that have been examined. We inserted a functional promoter directly upstream of the ptx-ptl region of both species and examined culture supernatants of the resulting strains for PT activity. Biologically active PT was found in the culture supernatants of both engineered species. The toxin encoded by the B. parapertussis ptx genes appeared more labile in culture supernatants than did toxin produced by either B. pertussis or the engineered strain of B. bronchiseptica. This lability might be due to the lack of a full-length S2 subunit. We also investigated the ptl genes of these species, which are necessary for the secretion of this toxin, and found that both B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis contain at least certain of these genes, including ptlE and ptlF. Moreover, B. bronchiseptica appeared to contain all essential ptl genes since the introduction of a functional promoter directly upstream of the ptx-ptl region resulted in both production and efficient secretion of toxin. These results indicate that despite a number of amino acid changes in the sequences of the toxins, the toxins encoded by B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis are active. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Hausman, S Z AU - Cherry, J D AU - Heininger, U AU - Wirsing von Koenig, CH AU - Burns, D L AD - CBER, FDA HFM-434, Building 29, Room 418, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 4020 EP - 4026 VL - 64 IS - 10 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - ptx gene KW - ptl gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - toxins KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - pertussis KW - Bordetella parapertussis KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15739725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+proteins+encoded+by+the+ptx+and+ptl+genes+of+Bordetella+bronchiseptica+and+Bordetella+parapertussis&rft.au=Hausman%2C+S+Z%3BCherry%2C+J+D%3BHeininger%2C+U%3BWirsing+von+Koenig%2C+CH%3BBurns%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Hausman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4020&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella bronchiseptica; Bordetella parapertussis; pertussis; toxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of submicron polyethylene wear debris from synovial-fluid samples of revised knee replacements using a light-scattering technique AN - 15734319; 235067 AB - The objectives of this study were to determine whether submicron-sized ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear debris was present in synovial fluid surrounding knee implants, and to report on the utility of a light-scattering technique for the in situ analysis of submicron- sized wear debris. The measured light-scattering coefficients of the implant synovial fluid samples were significantly larger than the coefficients of the control samples (p<0.0001). The enhanced light scattering was attributed to the presence of submicron UHMWPE particles. This is consistent with light-scattering considerations and a Raman spectroscopy survey of synovial fluid. The mean particle volume fraction of UHNWPE was 1.11x10 super(-5) cm super(3)/mL for the six implant samples, with mean particle diameters in the range of 200-300 nm. The UHMWPE volume fractions were found to differ by a factor of 2 between the osteolytic and nonosteolytic cases. The current findings warrant further work to determine the role of submicron polyethylene debris in the wear mechanisms of biomaterials and in the development of osteolysis following total knee replacement. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials AU - Hahn, D W AU - Wolfarth, D L AU - Parks, N L AD - FDA Cent for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 355 EP - 363 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, NEW YORK, NY, (USA) VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Knee implants KW - Polyethylene wear debris KW - Polyethylenes KW - Synovial fluid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Biomaterials KW - Light scattering KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 462.5:BIOMATERIALS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 462.4:PROSTHETICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15734319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+submicron+polyethylene+wear+debris+from+synovial-fluid+samples+of+revised+knee+replacements+using+a+light-scattering+technique&rft.au=Hahn%2C+D+W%3BWolfarth%2C+D+L%3BParks%2C+N+L&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Raman spectroscopy; Light scattering; Biomaterials ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Evaluation of health care workers' apparel using microbiological methods AN - 15731802; 226845 AB - Health Care Workers are exposed to numerous biological hazards in the work place. This can occur in hospitals, care centers, laundry facilities, laboratories and other units dealing with the various aspects of health care. Some of these biological hazards can lead to death and the economic and emotional impact can be costly. This burden falls not only on the health care worker and individuals receiving these services but also on industry and government. There is a need to develop methods appropriate for evaluating protective wear against microbial as well as viral hazards. These hazards not only occur through fluid contamination like blood, serum but also through aerosol transmission. A method has been developed to evaluate the biobarrier properties of materials using either a bacterial spore or a bacteriophage. The indicator organism was aerosolized in an acrylic chamber. Filtration cups containing the testing material were exposed to the indicator organism consisting of B. subtilis var. niger spores. The materials were ranked by comparing the number of organisms that penetrated the material to the initial number exposed. JF - ASTM Special Technical Publication. 1996. AU - Placencia, Ana M AU - Peeler, James T Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 PB - ASTM, CONSHOHOCKEN, PA, (USA) KW - Accident prevention KW - Aerosol transmission KW - Atmospheric aerosols KW - Health care KW - Health care workers KW - Microbial penetration KW - Occupational risks KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Filtration KW - Contamination KW - Personnel KW - Microorganisms KW - W4 912.4:PERSONNEL KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 914.3:INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE KW - W4 914.1:ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION KW - W4 443.1:ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15731802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Placencia%2C+Ana+M%3BPeeler%2C+James+T&rft.aulast=Placencia&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Evaluation+of+health+care+workers%27+apparel+using+microbiological+methods&rft.title=Evaluation+of+health+care+workers%27+apparel+using+microbiological+methods&rft.issn=00660558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What can/should we learn from reports of medical device electromagnetic interference? AN - 15730957; 226205 AB - There have been a number of reports alleging that electromagnetic interference (EMI) resulted in the malfunction of electronic medical devices. These reports have stimulated investigation of the susceptibility of specific devices, the recognition of EMI as a potential problem for electronic medical devices and the development of an action plan to work toward assurance of medical device electromagnetic compatibility. JF - Compliance Engineering AU - Silberberg, Jeffrey L AD - US FDA Cent for Devices and Radiological Health, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 8 PB - COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING, ANDOVER, MA, (USA) VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0898-3577, 0898-3577 KW - Electromagnetic interference (EMI) KW - Electronic medical equipment KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Equipment testing KW - Reliability KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 711.1:ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN DIFFERENT MEDIA KW - W4 715.2:INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT KW - W4 711:ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15730957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Compliance+Engineering&rft.atitle=What+can%2Fshould+we+learn+from+reports+of+medical+device+electromagnetic+interference%3F&rft.au=Silberberg%2C+Jeffrey+L&rft.aulast=Silberberg&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Compliance+Engineering&rft.issn=08983577&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exploratory study of the relationship between biomechanical factors and right-arm musculoskeletal discomfort and fatigue in a VDT data-entry task AN - 15729138; 231065 AB - The relationship of key force and keystroke rate with right-arm musculoskeletal discomfort and fatigue was explored in a video-display-terminal (VDT) data-entry task. Forty-three data transcribers entered bogus data from tax forms at a VDT for one workday with their right hand. Peak key force and keystroke rate were monitored on a continuous basis. Self-ratings of right-arm discomfort and fatigue were assessed at periodic intervals. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that both lower key forces and lower keystroke rates were associated with higher ratings of right-elbow discomfort. In addition, lower key forces were associated with higher ratings of right-hand discomfort and lower keystrokes rates were associated with higher ratings of right-shoulder discomfort and fatigue. The amount of variance accounted for by these models ranged from 7 to 24%. These results appear to be contrary to conventional biomechanical models that postulate a positive association between key force, keystroke rate and musculoskeletal discomfort in VDT work. Further laboratory and field research under controlled conditions is needed to clarify the direction and extent of the cause-and-effect relationship between biomechanical factors and musculoskeletal discomfort in VDT data-entry work. JF - Applied Ergonomics AU - Pan, C S AU - Schleifer, L M AD - NIOSH, Morgantown, WV, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 195 EP - 200 PB - BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD, OXFORD, (ENGL) VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0003-6870, 0003-6870 KW - Computer terminals KW - Cumulative trauma disorders KW - Data transcribers KW - Injuries KW - Job analysis KW - Key force KW - Keystroke rate KW - Musculoskeletal discomfort KW - Musculoskeletal system KW - Occupational risks KW - Repetitive work KW - Right-arm discomfort KW - Right-elbow discomfort KW - Right-shoulder discomfort KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Occupational diseases KW - Orthopedics KW - Regression analysis KW - Biomechanics KW - Data acquisition KW - W4 461.4:HUMAN ENGINEERING KW - W4 912.4:PERSONNEL KW - W4 722.2:COMPUTER PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT KW - W4 461.3:BIOMECHANICS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 922.2:MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS KW - W4 914.3.1:OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15729138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Exploratory+study+of+the+relationship+between+biomechanical+factors+and+right-arm+musculoskeletal+discomfort+and+fatigue+in+a+VDT+data-entry+task&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+S%3BSchleifer%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Ergonomics&rft.issn=00036870&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational diseases; Orthopedics; Regression analysis; Data acquisition; Biomechanics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glutaraldehyde retains its disinfectant properties in presence of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) gel AN - 15725669; 229571 AB - Explanted medical devices are routinely sent to laboratories at the Center for Devices and Radiological Health for analysis. The shipping of these devices presents potential hazards to personnel as well as an opportunity for damage to the devices. In an effort to address these concerns, a viscous disinfecting shipping medium that would limit splashing and cushion a suspended device was proposed. Consequently, we investigated the disinfectant properties of adding a gelling agent, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) to common disinfectants. We found that the germicidal effectiveness of 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.05 M borax when tested against Bacillus subtilis spores was not changed by the addition of 2% HPMC. In addition, HPMC appears to be compatible with 70% ethanol and at least one commercial disinfectant containing a quaternary ammonium compound. Preliminary experiments indicate that an HPMC-disinfectant gel is a potentially useful packaging agent for minimizing the hazards to personnel and materials during shipping of explanted medical devices. The use of such a medium would be subject to guidelines within the context of a program for handling biologically contaminated materials. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials AU - Matchette, L S AU - Vegella, T J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 101 EP - 105 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, NEW YORK, NY, (USA) VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Ammonium compounds KW - Biomedical equipment KW - Borax KW - Cellulose derivatives KW - Ethanol KW - Gelling agent KW - Glutaraldehyde KW - Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose gel KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Gels KW - Hazards KW - Bacteria KW - Disinfectants KW - Personnel KW - Biomaterials KW - W4 811.3:CELLULOSE AND DERIVATIVES KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 462.5:BIOMATERIALS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 801.3:COLLOID CHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15725669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Glutaraldehyde+retains+its+disinfectant+properties+in+presence+of+hydroxypropylmethyl+cellulose+%28HPMC%29+gel&rft.au=Matchette%2C+L+S%3BVegella%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Matchette&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; Gels; Bacteria; Disinfectants; Personnel; Biomaterials ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Distribution of titanium and vanadium salts and corrosion products in cells, fluids, and organs in vivo and in cell culture in vitro AN - 15724216; 225710 AB - Studies were undertaken to determine the distribution, elimination and storage of titanium and vanadium in organs and in cells. Animals (hamsters) received injections of salts of titanium and vanadium and the distribution in blood, urine, and organs was determined. At the highest doses used (600 ug total of each element) titanium could be detected just above control levels in liver, spleen, kidney, and plasma. Vanadium was rapidly excreted but could be detected just above control levels in liver, spleen, urine, and plasma. Both elements were detected in bone (femur). Studies using fretting corrosion in hamsters indicated that most of the titanium remained at the site of deposition. There was some transport to the urine and plasma and also to bone. Most of the vanadium administered can be accounted for in rapid excretion in the urine. Most of the titanium remained at the site of deposition and little was transported from the site. The in vitro studies in cell culture confirmed the cell association (and thus retention) of titanium and the lack of cell association (and thus elimination) of vanadium. The highest dose of 600-750 ug of the element administered to the hamster is below the level of body burden of titanium found in tissues from patients with revision of total joints, and thus it can be expected that transport and organ deposition of titanium would occur in the humans at low levels. However, in general, the wear debris remains at the local site without evoking much of a biological response. JF - ASTM Special Technical Publication. 1996. AU - Merritt, Katharine AU - Brown, Stanley A Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 PB - ASTM, CONSHOHOCKEN, PA, (USA) KW - Biological response KW - Corrosive effects KW - Excretion KW - Fretting corrosion KW - Hamsters KW - In vitro KW - In vivo KW - Organs KW - Tissue KW - Vanadium KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bone KW - Salts KW - Cells KW - Cell culture KW - Body fluids KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 543.6:VANADIUM AND ALLOYS KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 539.1:METALS CORROSION KW - W4 542.3:TITANIUM AND ALLOYS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15724216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Merritt%2C+Katharine%3BBrown%2C+Stanley+A&rft.aulast=Merritt&rft.aufirst=Katharine&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Distribution+of+titanium+and+vanadium+salts+and+corrosion+products+in+cells%2C+fluids%2C+and+organs+in+vivo+and+in+cell+culture+in+vitro&rft.title=Distribution+of+titanium+and+vanadium+salts+and+corrosion+products+in+cells%2C+fluids%2C+and+organs+in+vivo+and+in+cell+culture+in+vitro&rft.issn=00660558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Numerical investigation into factors affecting anesthetic distribution during spinal anesthesia AN - 15722731; 207928 AB - The factors affecting distribution of anesthetic within the spinal column are of current interest due to recent reports of neurological injury occurring during spinal anesthesia. This paper describes a numerical model for simulating anesthetic dispersion, and applies the model to the evaluation of spinal-column size, anesthetic injection rate, and catheter orientation as factors influencing the anesthetic distribution. The model is based upon the finite-element method and incorporates a three-dimensional geometry derived from images of human spinal columns. Simulation results show that the ratio of the cross-sectional dimension of the subarachnoid space within the spinal column to the diameter of the catheter is a critical parameter, with low values of this ratio producing the most uniform anesthetic distributions. Increasing injection rate is found to produce a less uniform distribution in a global sense (higher total volume of anesthetic in the 'sacral' half) but a more uniform distribution in a localized sense (lower concentrations at critical points). Finally, the anesthetic distribution is demonstrated to be highly sensitive to orientation angle at high injection rates. JF - Journal of Biomechanics AU - Myers, Matthew R AD - U.S. F.D.A., Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 139 EP - 149 PB - PERGAMON PRESS LTD, OXFORD, (ENGL) VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9290, 0021-9290 KW - Anesthetic dispersion KW - Anesthetic distribution KW - Anesthetic transport KW - Computer simulation KW - Finite element method KW - Musculoskeletal system KW - Numerical methods KW - Spinal anesthesia KW - Spinal column KW - Three dimensional KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Catheters KW - Geometry KW - Neurology KW - W4 921.6:NUMERICAL METHODS KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 461.3:BIOMECHANICS KW - W4 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15722731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomechanics&rft.atitle=Numerical+investigation+into+factors+affecting+anesthetic+distribution+during+spinal+anesthesia&rft.au=Myers%2C+Matthew+R&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomechanics&rft.issn=00219290&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Catheters; Geometry; Neurology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anchorage-independent growth with JB6 cells exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields at several flux densities AN - 15718730; 221771 AB - JB6 clone 41 cells have previously been shown to respond to a 1.1 mT magnetic field with increased growth under anchorage-independent (AI) conditions. Here we have examined the AI growth-response simultaneously at three lower flux densities and without an applied field. Fields were generated with Helmholtz coils held in water-jacketed CO sub(2) incubators. Colony growth (60 mu m diameter) was scored at 8 and 14 days after seeding cells in soft agar. Zero-field experiments conducted simultaneously in several incubators produced uniform counts (about 1 per 10 super(3) cells seeded). For 14-day exposures at 100 mu T, 10 mu T and 1 mu T, four of four, six of six, and two of three experiments, respectively, showed a significantly increased colony number (p<0.02), with the ratio of field-exposed to control colonies varying from 1.2 to 3.2. Thus, an effect of magnetic fields at flux densities approaching environmental levels of exposure has been demonstrated. JF - Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics AU - West, Robert W AU - Hinson, William G AU - Swicord, Mays L AD - Natl Cent for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 175 EP - 179 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE S.A., LAUSANNE, (SWITZERLAND) VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0302-4598, 0302-4598 KW - Anchorage independent growth KW - Cancer formation KW - Clone cells KW - Flux densities KW - Growth kinetics KW - Helmholtz coils KW - Magnetic field effects KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cell culture KW - Oncology KW - Diseases KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 701.2:MAGNETISM: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PHENOMENA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15718730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioelectrochemistry+and+Bioenergetics&rft.atitle=Anchorage-independent+growth+with+JB6+cells+exposed+to+60+Hz+magnetic+fields+at+several+flux+densities&rft.au=West%2C+Robert+W%3BHinson%2C+William+G%3BSwicord%2C+Mays+L&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioelectrochemistry+and+Bioenergetics&rft.issn=03024598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oncology; Cell culture; Diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation and regeneration of protoplasts in Metarhizium anisopliae AN - 15699889; 3966474 AB - Protoplast formation and regeneration were studied in two varieties of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae. The effect of varying parameters such as concentration of lytic enzyme, incubation time in lytic mixture, mycelial age, type of osmotic stabilizer and also the effect of pretreatment with thiol compounds on the protoplast yield was studied. The optimal protoplast yields were achieved when a 2-day mycelial preparation of var. major and a 3-day mycelial preparation of var. anisopliae were incubated for 3 hours in a lytic mixture containing 3.5 mg/ml lysing enzyme and 1.2 M ammonium sulphate as osmotic stabilizer, after pretreatment with dithiothreitol. Cell walls regenerated when protoplasts were grown in defined regeneration media. Several protoplasts produced a chain of yeast-like cells prior to hyphae development; the majority, however, developed hyphae from single protoplasts. Regeneration frequencies of up to 43.6% for var. anisopliae and 46.98% for var. major were recorded when using the osmotic stabilizer ammonium sulphate (0.6 M) in peptone dextrose yeast extract medium (PDYE) with a soft agar concentration of 0.5% (w/v). JF - Asia-Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology AU - Bakar, FDA AU - Chua, H-P AD - Dep. Microbiol., Fac. Life Sci., Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysia Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 20 EP - 29 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 0128-7451, 0128-7451 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - regeneration KW - protoplasts KW - Metarhizium anisopliae KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03006:Fungi KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15699889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia-Pacific+Journal+of+Molecular+Biology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Formation+and+regeneration+of+protoplasts+in+Metarhizium+anisopliae&rft.au=Bakar%2C+FDA%3BChua%2C+H-P&rft.aulast=Bakar&rft.aufirst=FDA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Asia-Pacific+Journal+of+Molecular+Biology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01287451&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - regeneration; protoplasts; Metarhizium anisopliae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of nonmotile variants of Escherichia coli O157 and other serotypes by using an antiflagellin monoclonal antibody AN - 15698793; 3969177 AB - An antiflagellin monoclonal antibody (15D8) was used to detect the presence of flagella in nonmotile variants of several pathogenic Escherichia coli serotypes. Of the 48 isolates examined, 15 reacted with monoclonal antibody 15D8 and were culturally confirmed to be motile. Of the 38 clinical strains designated O157:NM or O157:H super(-), 7 were antibody reactive and motile and agglutinated with anti-H7 sera. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Feng, P AU - Fields, P I AU - Swaminathan, B AU - Whittam, T S AD - HFS-516, CFSAN, FDA, 200 C St., SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2856 EP - 2859 VL - 34 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - flagella KW - motility KW - Escherichia coli KW - hemorrhagic enteritis KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15698793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+nonmotile+variants+of+Escherichia+coli+O157+and+other+serotypes+by+using+an+antiflagellin+monoclonal+antibody&rft.au=Feng%2C+P%3BFields%2C+P+I%3BSwaminathan%2C+B%3BWhittam%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2856&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; flagella; monoclonal antibodies; motility; hemorrhagic enteritis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elution of viruses by ionic and nonionic surfactants AN - 15686328; 3964580 AB - The ionic and nonionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100, respectively, eluted two viruses, Phi X174 and PRD1, which were adsorbed to the ionic and nonionic binding membranes cationic polysulfone and nitrocellulose, respectively. Results indicated that complete elution was readily achieved only when combinations of surfactants and binding membranes were matched (i.e., ionic-ionic or nonionic-nonionic). JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Fujito, B T AU - Lytle, C D AD - HFZ-112, Cent. Devices and Radiol. Health, FDA, 12709 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 3470 EP - 3473 VL - 62 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - sodium lauryl sulfate KW - Triton X-100 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - membranes KW - surfactants KW - viruses KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15686328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Elution+of+viruses+by+ionic+and+nonionic+surfactants&rft.au=Fujito%2C+B+T%3BLytle%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Fujito&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - surfactants; viruses; membranes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rescheduling a three shift system at a steel rolling mill: Effects of a one hour delay of shift starting times on sleep and alertness in younger and older workers AN - 15680425; 3968219 AB - The authors evaluate a new work schedule at a Finnish steel mill with special attention to effects on older workers. The schedule was designed to improve sleep before the morning shift, and alertness during the morning shift, by delaying shift start and end times. The one hour delay in shift starting times improved sleep before the morning shift, and improved waking fatigue, sleepiness, and performance during the morning shift. Evening and night shift sleep and fatigue or sleepiness, however, were affected negatively by the new work schedule, but the results for those shifts were less consistent across the various measures. Despite the improvements, most workers were not satisfied with the new schedule because of social concerns. Few interactions of age with the new work schedule were found, suggesting that the effects of the work schedule were uniform across age groups. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Rosa, R R AU - Haermae, M AU - Pulli, K AU - Mulder, M AU - Naesman, O AD - NIOSH, Taft Lab., Mail Stop C-24, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 677 EP - 685 VL - 53 IS - 10 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - shift work KW - fatigue KW - sleep KW - work-rest schedules KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - metal industry KW - Finland KW - steel KW - occupational health KW - H SI2.26:FOUNDRIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15680425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Rescheduling+a+three+shift+system+at+a+steel+rolling+mill%3A+Effects+of+a+one+hour+delay+of+shift+starting+times+on+sleep+and+alertness+in+younger+and+older+workers&rft.au=Rosa%2C+R+R%3BHaermae%2C+M%3BPulli%2C+K%3BMulder%2C+M%3BNaesman%2C+O&rft.aulast=Rosa&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Finland; steel; metal industry; occupational health ER - TY - BOOK T1 - 2-Ethoxyethanol and 2-methoxyethanol -- developmental toxicity in Drosophila AN - 15671580; 3957050 AB - In order to assess the developmental toxicity of selected glycol ethers, Drosophila melanogaster larvae were reared on media containing 2-ethoxyethanol (2EE) or 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), both documented mammalian developmental toxicants. Drosophila were exposed in culture vials throughout development to 54-78 mg 2EE/vial or 12.5-26 mg 2ME/vial with each vial containing 1g of powdered medium and 5ml of distilled deionized water or a solution of test chemical in water. Both glycol ethers were evaluated at five concentrations plus a vehicle control with the highest concentrations being the estimated LC sub(50). A mated untreated female was added to each vial and allowed to oviposit for 20 hours. Emerging adults were examined microscopically (25X) for bent humeral bristles or wing blade notches - morphological endpoints shown to occur with an increased incidence in flies exposed to developmental toxicants in our previous work. Incidence data from treated flies were compared to concurrent controls using chi-square. The incidence of wing notches was statistically increased at all 2EE concentrations, while the incidence of bent humeral bristles was increased only in the 71 mg/vial treatment. Wing notches were also statistically increased in the 12.5 and 22 mg/vial 2ME treatment groups, while the incidence of bent humeral bristles was increased at all 2ME concentrations. These results indicate that the Drosophila bioassay can accurately identify two glycol ethers with known developmental toxicity, and suggest that this assay could also be used as a prescreen for assessing the developmental toxicity of other glycol ethers. JF - Occupational Hygiene [OCCUP. HYG.]. Vol. 2, no. 1-6. 1996. AU - Lynch, D AU - Toraason, M Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 KW - 2-ethoxyethanol KW - methyl cellosolve KW - glycol ethers KW - Entomology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - development KW - Drosophila melanogaster KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15671580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Lynch%2C+D%3BToraason%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=2-Ethoxyethanol+and+2-methoxyethanol+--+developmental+toxicity+in+Drosophila&rft.title=2-Ethoxyethanol+and+2-methoxyethanol+--+developmental+toxicity+in+Drosophila&rft.issn=10610251&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Experimental interactions of glycol ethers with chemical and physical agents: Developmental toxicology AN - 15668450; 3955211 AB - The interactive toxicity of several glycol ethers with other chemical and physical agents has been investigated in a number of studies. In adult rats, ethanol or other alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors altered the blood levels and the toxic effects of 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), 2-ethoxyethanol (2EE), and 2-butoxyethanol (2BE). More recent research is investigating the effects of ethanol, n-propanol, and n-butanol on the metabolism of several glycol ethers. Developmental toxicologists have investigated the interactive toxicity of several glycol ethers with various agents, including ethanol and a number of simple physiological compounds. In addition to these studies, approached from a mechanistic point of view, other studies have investigated the interactive effects of glycol ethers with agents to which people may be exposed in the workplace. Concurrent exposures to glycol ethers and physical agents occur in workers involved with the microelectronics industry, plastic sealers, and electro-surgical units. Previous animal research indicates that hyperthermia induced by an elevation in ambient temperature can potentiate the toxicity and teratogenicity of some chemical agents. Our first study demonstrated that combined exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation, which also induces hyperthermia and is teratogenic to exposed animals, and 2ME produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. A more recent study replicates and extends our previous research. The interactive dose-related teratogenicity of RF radiation (sham exposure or maintaining rectal temperatures at 42.0 degree C for 0, 10, 20, or 30 minutes) and 2ME (0, 75, 100, 125, or 150 mg/kg) was investigated by administering various combinations of RF radiation and 2ME to groups of rats on gestation days 9 or 13; gestation-day 20 fetuses were examined for external, skeletal, and visceral malformations. The results are consistent with and extend our previous research findings. Exposures early in organogenesis (day 9) generally evidenced little effect by 2ME, either by itself or in combination with RF radiation. In contrast, late organogenesis exposures (day 13) resulted in highly significant effects from 2ME and RF radiation, primarily in the forepaw digits. Statistical analyses did not show a global synergistic effect, but did show evidence for a synergistic effect at intermediate levels of the dose ranges. Ongoing research is addressing a potential mechanism of interaction (changes in the biotransformation of 2ME), as well as interactions at lower doses of 2ME and RF radiation. JF - Occupational Hygiene [OCCUP. HYG.]. Vol. 2, no. 1-6. 1996. AU - Nelson, B K AU - Conover, D L Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 KW - glycol ethers KW - methyl cellosolve KW - 2-ethoxyethanol KW - butyl cellosolve KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - teratogens KW - radiation KW - development KW - hyperthermia KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15668450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K%3BConover%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Experimental+interactions+of+glycol+ethers+with+chemical+and+physical+agents%3A+Developmental+toxicology&rft.title=Experimental+interactions+of+glycol+ethers+with+chemical+and+physical+agents%3A+Developmental+toxicology&rft.issn=10610251&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Combining reproductive studies of men exposed to 2-ethoxyethanol to increase statistical power AN - 15665379; 3955148 AB - An inherent problem of occupational field studies requiring biological measurements is obtaining a sufficient number of workers at a study location to provide a data base sufficient for the statistical power needed to detect differences due to exposure. This is evident in the two previously reported occupational field studies of 2-ethoxyethanol in which the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health conducted the andrologic evaluations. Because the same laboratory team conducted these studies, the data from the two studies were combined using a two-factor mixed-model analysis of variance. The first factor remained the exposure status (control vs. exposed); a second factor, representing the study location, was added to the model. Study location was treated as a random effect which requires more stringent assumptions than an analysis of either location separately. Nevertheless, treating study location as a random effect allows for a more appropriate generalization of results from these two studies to all possible study sites with similar exposure levels of 2-ethoxyethanol. The combined analysis of these studies strengthens the conclusions from each study for the effects of 2-ethoxyethanol on sperm production and indicates an additional effect on semen production. JF - Occupational Hygiene [OCCUP. HYG.]. Vol. 2, no. 1-6. 1996. AU - Schrader, S M AU - Turner, T W AU - Ratcliffe, J M AU - Welch, L S AU - Simon, S D Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 KW - sperm KW - glycol ethers KW - 2-ethoxyethanol KW - spermatozoa KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - statistical analysis KW - reproduction KW - chemicals KW - occupational exposure KW - H SI0.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15665379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Schrader%2C+S+M%3BTurner%2C+T+W%3BRatcliffe%2C+J+M%3BWelch%2C+L+S%3BSimon%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Combining+reproductive+studies+of+men+exposed+to+2-ethoxyethanol+to+increase+statistical+power&rft.title=Combining+reproductive+studies+of+men+exposed+to+2-ethoxyethanol+to+increase+statistical+power&rft.issn=10610251&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxin development by Clostridium botulinum in modified atmosphere-packaged fresh Tilapia fillets during storage AN - 15663303; 3947853 AB - Potential for toxin development by Clostridium botulinum type E was investigated in retail-type packages of fresh Tilapia fillets packaged in high barrier film under selected atmospheres [100% air, a modified atmosphere (MA) containing 75%CO sub(2):25%N sub(2), and vacuum] and stored under refrigeration (4 degree C) and abuse temperatures (8 and 16 degree C). Toxin development coincided with sensory spoilage at 16 degree C storage for fillets packaged in either MA, or vacuum. At 8 degree C, toxin development in fillets packaged in either of the atmospheres occurred 7-23 days after sensory spoilage. At 4 degree C, none of MA-packaged fillets became toxic until 10 days after onset of sensory spoilage. Toxin development did not precede sensory spoilage in any treatments or temperatures studied. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Reddy, N R AU - Paradis, A AU - Roman, M G AU - Solomon, H M AU - Rhodehamel, E J AD - Natl. Cent. for Food Safety & Technol., U.S. FDA, Div. Food Processing and Packaging, 6502 S. Archer Rd., Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 632 EP - 635 VL - 61 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - odor KW - food spoilage KW - toxins KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - Tilapia KW - seafood KW - storage KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - R 18121:Flavor & aroma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15663303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Toxin+development+by+Clostridium+botulinum+in+modified+atmosphere-packaged+fresh+Tilapia+fillets+during+storage&rft.au=Reddy%2C+N+R%3BParadis%2C+A%3BRoman%2C+M+G%3BSolomon%2C+H+M%3BRhodehamel%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=632&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; Tilapia; toxins; seafood; storage; food spoilage; odor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid detection of Mycobacterium avium in stool samples from AIDS patients by immunomagnetic PCR AN - 15645847; 3944032 AB - Direct PCR detection of bacteria in clinical samples is often hindered by the presence of compounds that inhibit the PCR. To improve and accelerate the diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex infections, an immunomagnetic PCR (IM-PCR) assay was developed. This IM-PCR procedure combines the separation of mycobacteria by antimycobacterial monoclonal antibody coupled to magnetic beads with an M. avium-M. intracellulare complex-specific PCR protocol based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. As few as 10 M. avium bacilli were detected in spiked human stool samples, a clinical specimen usually refractory to conventional PCR analysis, by the IM-PCR method. Moreover, M. avium organisms were detected in about 24 h in 18 of 22 culture-confirmed fecal samples from AIDS patients. This IM-PCR protocol should allow for the rapid and sensitive detection of M. avium isolates in clinical specimens. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Li, Zhongming AU - Bai, G H AU - Von-Reyn, C F AU - Marino, P AU - Brennan, MJ AU - Gine, N AU - Morris, S L AD - FDA/CBER (HFM-431), 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1903 EP - 1907 VL - 34 IS - 8 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - rRNA 16S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Mycobacterium avium KW - genes KW - immunocompromised hosts KW - probes KW - man KW - bacteremia KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - feces KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15645847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+detection+of+Mycobacterium+avium+in+stool+samples+from+AIDS+patients+by+immunomagnetic+PCR&rft.au=Li%2C+Zhongming%3BBai%2C+G+H%3BVon-Reyn%2C+C+F%3BMarino%2C+P%3BBrennan%2C+MJ%3BGine%2C+N%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Zhongming&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium avium; immunocompromised hosts; feces; genes; probes; polymerase chain reaction; bacteremia; man; monoclonal antibodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial degradation of low concentrations of phenanthrene and inhibition by naphthalene AN - 15604776; 3925653 AB - Phenanthrene-degrading bacteria were isolated from enrichment cultures of soils contaminated with creosote and jet fuel. The isolates from the creosote enrichments were classified by fatty acid methyl ester profiles as Acidovorax delafieldii and Sphingomonas paucimobilis; the bacterium from the jet fuel-contaminated soil was not identified and was designated strain JFD11. All three isolates used phenanthrene as a sole carbon and energy source, and two of the isolates used fluoranthene as a sole carbon and energy source. Anthracene and fluorene were cometabolized by all three strains, but pyrene was not transformed. Naphthalene inhibited all of the strains, and 28-h cultures of A. delafieldii were inhibited by naphthalene concentrations as low as 5 ppm. Short-term degradation experiments were undertaken with center-well flasks and concentrations of phenanthrene ranging from 1.2 to 12.0 mu M. Since initial degradation rates were not a function of phenanthrene concentration, it was inferred that the half-saturation constants were less than the lowest phenanthrene concentration tested. JF - Microbial ecology. New York NY AU - Shuttleworth, K L AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Div. Microbiol., Natl. Cent. for Toxicol. Res., FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 305 EP - 317 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0095-3628, 0095-3628 KW - phenanthrene KW - carbon sources KW - naphthalene KW - soil remediation KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biodegradation KW - Acidovorax delafieldii KW - Sphingomonas paucimobilis KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15604776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+ecology.+New+York+NY&rft.atitle=Bacterial+degradation+of+low+concentrations+of+phenanthrene+and+inhibition+by+naphthalene&rft.au=Shuttleworth%2C+K+L%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Shuttleworth&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+ecology.+New+York+NY&rft.issn=00953628&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acidovorax delafieldii; Sphingomonas paucimobilis; naphthalene; biodegradation; soil remediation; carbon sources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of a wood treatment facility: Impact on an aquatic ecosystem in the San Joaquin River, Stockton, California AN - 15602340; 3925791 AB - Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and metals were monitored in the river sediments near the McCormick and Baxter (MCB) wood treatment facility, Stockton, CA. Transplanted clams and resident fish species were used to assess bioavailability. The highest PCDD and PCDF contamination in sediments were confined to an area next to the facility and an area in the nearby Stockton harbor (DK location). Pentachlorophenol (PCP) wood treatment at MCB was the most probable source of the contamination. PCBs contaminated a wider area of the Stockton Ship Channel and harbor. Metal concentrations were uniformly low except for the metalloid arsenic in the Old Mormon Slough and lead and zinc near boat docks in the Stockton harbor. Despite high mortality rates, clams (Corbicula fluminea) bioaccumulated PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs. In clams, PCBs and 2,3,7,8 TCDD were much closer to equilibrium with the sediments than were higher chlorinated PCDDs and PCDFs. All fish were at background levels for 2,3,7,8 TCDD. All fish had lower lipid adjusted PCDD/F and PCB concentrations in the skinned muscle than in the whole fish. PCBs in fish were above background levels for United States river systems. Although high contamination exists in the river near this superfund site, adverse effects on the aquatic community could not be demonstrated. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Hayward, D G AU - Petreas, M X AU - Winkler, J J AU - Visita, P AU - McKinney, M AU - Stephens, R D AD - US FDA, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 30 EP - 39 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Corbicula fluminea KW - PCB KW - Pisces KW - clams KW - environmental impact KW - fish KW - forest industry KW - monitoring KW - pollution effects KW - pollution monitoring KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - pulp wastes KW - sediment concentration KW - sediment pollution KW - water pollution effects KW - wood KW - wood wastes KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - bioaccumulation KW - industrial wastes KW - ecosystems KW - USA, California, San Joaquin R. KW - water pollution KW - metals KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15602340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+a+wood+treatment+facility%3A+Impact+on+an+aquatic+ecosystem+in+the+San+Joaquin+River%2C+Stockton%2C+California&rft.au=Hayward%2C+D+G%3BPetreas%2C+M+X%3BWinkler%2C+J+J%3BVisita%2C+P%3BMcKinney%2C+M%3BStephens%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pollution monitoring; monitoring; pulp wastes; wood; fish; environmental impact; ecosystems; sediment pollution; bioaccumulation; industrial wastes; forest industry; metals; pollution effects; water pollution; PCB; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Pisces; wood wastes; sediment concentration; clams; polychlorinated biphenyls; water pollution effects; Corbicula fluminea; USA, California, San Joaquin R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binding diversity of monoclonal antibodies to alpha (2 arrow right 8) polysialic acid conjugated to outer membrane vesicle via adipic acid dihydrazide AN - 15600643; 3929093 AB - Murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated using group B Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli K1 polysaccharides (PSs) conjugated to outer membrane vesicle (OMV) via adipic acid dihydrazide, and were used to identify the immunodeterminants expressed on these capsular PSs. Ten mAbs representative of IgM and all subclasses of IgG were obtained which recognized diverse immunodeterminants on alpha (2 arrow right 8) polysialic acid (PSA). The specificity of mAbs to different antigenic determinants was assessed by their differential binding to PSA attached to a solid phase by different methods and confirmed by absorption studies. Two mAbs from the E. coli K1 fusion were directed to the O-acetyl epitope and the rest reacted with both the PSs only when attached to a solid phase by certain means. The methods by which PSA was coated on the solid phase had an impact on the epitope expression and binding pattern. At the concentrations used, the O-acetyl-specific mAbs, IgG1 and IgG3 mAbs were not bactericidal against group B N. meningitidis, whereas other mAbs were. The conjugates B and K1 PSs present to the murine immune system different antigenic determinants, some of which elicit bactericidal antibodies. JF - FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology AU - Devi, SJN AU - Karpas, AB AU - Frasch, CE AD - Division of Bacterial Products, HFM 428, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 211 EP - 220 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0928-8244, 0928-8244 KW - polysialic acid KW - polysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - antigenic determinants KW - vaccines KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - immunoglobulins KW - Escherichia coli KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15600643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Binding+diversity+of+monoclonal+antibodies+to+alpha+%282+arrow+right+8%29+polysialic+acid+conjugated+to+outer+membrane+vesicle+via+adipic+acid+dihydrazide&rft.au=Devi%2C+SJN%3BKarpas%2C+AB%3BFrasch%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Devi&rft.aufirst=SJN&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=09288244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Neisseria meningitidis; vaccines; monoclonal antibodies; immunoglobulins; antigenic determinants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro percutaneous absorption of the fragrance ingredient musk xylol AN - 15598536; 3929687 AB - The percutaneous absorption of the fragrance fixative musk xylol was measured in vitro in human and hairless guinea pig skin. For comparison, musk xylol was applied to skin in an oil-in-water emulsion or the volatile solvent, methanol. After 24 hr, total absorption of musk xylol in hairless guinea pig skin was 55% from the emulsion vehicle and 45% from the methanol vehicle. With human skin, permeation of musk xylol from both vehicles decreased to 22% of the applied dose. When human studies were continued for an additional 6 days after skin surface washing, only 6% of the applied dose remained in skin. The data suggest that most of the absorbed musk xylol in skin at 24 hr will be systemically absorbed in vivo within 1 wk. Throughout the 24-hr absorption study, absorbed musk xylol was not metabolized. A permeability constant for musk xylol permeation through hairless guinea pig skin was determined by a modified procedure for the lipophilic compound. At each time point, some diffusion cells were terminated so that skin and receptor fluid levels could be determined. Under steady-state absorption the permeability constant was 6.86 x 10 super(-5) cm/hr. The amount of musk xylol penetrating skin from three types of cosmetic products was also calculated on the basis of actual conditions of use. Products that are applied to large areas of the body and remain on the skin for long periods will result in the greatest absorption of musk xylol. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Hood, H L AU - Wickett, R R AU - Bronaugh, R L AD - Office Cosmetics and Colors, FDA, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 483 EP - 488 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - musk xylol KW - 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-dimethyl-5-tert-butylbenzene KW - guinea-pigs KW - methanol KW - fragrance fixatives KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - fragrances KW - cosmetics KW - in vitro KW - man KW - skin KW - X 24140:Cosmetics, toiletries & household products KW - R 18102:Soaps, cosmetics & body deodorants KW - R 18101:Perfumery, essential oils & spices UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15598536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+percutaneous+absorption+of+the+fragrance+ingredient+musk+xylol&rft.au=Hood%2C+H+L%3BWickett%2C+R+R%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Hood&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fragrances; cosmetics; skin; in vitro; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PCR detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading mycobacteria AN - 15589695; 3917529 AB - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods based on the 16S rRNA genes of Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 and Mycobacterium sp. PAH135, known PAH-degrading bacteria, were developed. An efficient mycobacterial cell lysis procedure was used for the PCR assay. The PCR methods were positive with the target species, but negative for the other 45 bacterial species tested including other Mycobacterium spp. The PCR sensitivity for pure cultures was 20 cells for Mycobacterium sp. PAH135 and 200 cells for Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1. The PCR with a simple sample preparation procedure was used to monitor Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 cell concentrations in soil slurries amended with [ super(14)C]pyrene. The pyrene mineralization correlated with the Mycobacterium PYR-1 cell concentrations in the soil slurries. When the PCR titer (the maximum dilution for positive PCR results) reached 10 super(-4)-10 super(-5) at 5-10 days incubation, approximately 50% of the [ super(14)C]pyrene had been mineralized to super(14)CO sub(2). However, without inoculation with Mycobacterium PYR-1 cells, both the sterile and nonsterile soils had negative PCR results and no pyrene mineralization. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Wang, Rong-Fu AU - Luneau, A AU - Cao, Wei-Wen AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Microbiol. Div., Natl. Cent. for Toxicological Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 307 EP - 311 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - rRNA 16S KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - biodegradation KW - Mycobacterium KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15589695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=PCR+detection+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon-degrading+mycobacteria&rft.au=Wang%2C+Rong-Fu%3BLuneau%2C+A%3BCao%2C+Wei-Wen%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Rong-Fu&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; polymerase chain reaction; Mycobacterium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Initial oxidative and subsequent conjugative metabolites produced during the metabolism of phenanthrene by fungi AN - 15584312; 3916219 AB - Three filamentous fungi were examined for the ability to biotransform phenanthrene to oxidative (phase I) and conjugative (phase II) metabolites. Phenanthrene metabolites were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by UV/visible absorption, mass, and super(1)H NMR spectra. Aspergillus niger ATCC 6275, Syncephalastrum racemosum UT-70, and Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 9245 initially transformed [9- super(14)C]phenanthrene to produce metabolites at the 9,10-, 1,2-, and 3,4- positions. Subsequently, sulfate conjugates of phase I metabolites were formed by A. niger, S. racemosum, and C. elegans. Minor glucuronide conjugates of 9-phenanthrol and phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol were formed by S. racemosum and A. niger, respectively. In addition, C. elegans produced the glucose conjugates 1-phenanthryl beta -D-glucopyranoside and 2-hydroxy-1-phenanthryl beta -D-glucopyranoside, a novel metabolite. [9- super(14)C]Phenanthrene metabolites were not detected in organic extracts from biotransformation experiments with the yeasts, Candida lipolytica 37-1, Candida tropicalis. ATCC 32113, and Candida maltosa R-42. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Casillas, R P AU - Crow, SA Jr AU - Heinze, T M AU - Deck, J AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Natl. Cent. for Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 205 EP - 215 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - phenanthrene metabolism KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Candida maltosa KW - oxidation KW - Syncephalastrum racemosum KW - conjugates KW - Candida tropicalis KW - Candida lipolytica KW - Cunninghamella elegans KW - Aspergillus niger KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15584312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Initial+oxidative+and+subsequent+conjugative+metabolites+produced+during+the+metabolism+of+phenanthrene+by+fungi&rft.au=Casillas%2C+R+P%3BCrow%2C+SA+Jr%3BHeinze%2C+T+M%3BDeck%2C+J%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Casillas&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus niger; Syncephalastrum racemosum; Cunninghamella elegans; Candida lipolytica; Candida tropicalis; Candida maltosa; conjugates; oxidation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic engineering to enhance microbial interference and related therapeutic applications AN - 15583003; 3913139 AB - This article describes novel therapies that could arise from this field. Because microbes live in symbiosis with humans and other animals, they may be able to serve as unconventional delivery systems for molecules made by recombinant DNA methods. Many useful genes have been cloned, but they need to be placed in appropriate vector systems for expression. Microbial selection and proliferation also need to be controlled. In this article I give a general overview, cite some relevant experiments, and identify areas that need further exploration. JF - Nature Biotechnology AU - Chang, H AD - U.S. FDA, HFM-573, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 444 EP - 447 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1087-0156, 1087-0156 KW - microbial interference KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - genetic engineering KW - infectious diseases KW - reviews KW - biological control KW - microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33055:Genetic engineering (general) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15583003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Genetic+engineering+to+enhance+microbial+interference+and+related+therapeutic+applications&rft.au=Chang%2C+H&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10870156&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genetic engineering; infectious diseases; reviews; biological control; microorganisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria seeligeri, and Listeria innocua assayed with in vitro murine macrophagocytosis AN - 15573527; 3905436 AB - The survival of virulent and avirulent Listeria species internalized in cells of a murine macrophage-like cell line, RAW264.7, was monitored. Mouse macrophage cells (ca.5 x 10 super(5)/ml) suspended in fresh RPMI medium 1640 containing fetal bovine serum were mixed with 5 x 10 super(7) to 5 x 10 super(8) Listeria cells per ml and incubated 1 h at 37 degree C with CO sub(2)-enriched air. Gentamicin (10 mu g/ml) was added to kill bacteria not internalized by the cells. At 2, 4, and 6 h postinfection, 10- mu l amounts of the suspensions were lysed in microtiter plate wells during serial decimal dilution in water. Triplicate dilutions (10 mu l each) were plated on trypticase soy agar, and colonies were counted after 48 h incubation at 35 degree C. About 0.1 to 1% of the added hemolytic pathogen L. monocytogenes Scott A and the avirulent nonhemolytic L. innocua were internalized at 2 h. The number of internal L. monocytogenes cells increased significantly by 6 h, but L. innocua cells showed no significant change. A strain of the hemolytic species L. seeligeri behaved like the nonhemolytic L. innocua. This distinction between the intracellular behavior of pathogenic and nonpathogenic species, if a general phenomenon, may be useful as an in vitro virulence assessment parameter. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Dallas, H L AU - Thomas, D P AU - Hitchins, AD AD - Div. Microbiol. Stud., Cent. for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St., S.W., Washington, D.C. 20204, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 24 EP - 27 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria seeligeri KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Listeria innocua KW - virulence KW - macrophages KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15573527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+Listeria+monocytogenes%2C+Listeria+seeligeri%2C+and+Listeria+innocua+assayed+with+in+vitro+murine+macrophagocytosis&rft.au=Dallas%2C+H+L%3BThomas%2C+D+P%3BHitchins%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Dallas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Listeria seeligeri; Listeria innocua; virulence; macrophages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physical, biochemical, and immunological characterization of a thermostable amidase from Klebsiella pneumoniae NCTR 1 AN - 15569251; 3906096 AB - An amidase capable of degrading acrylamide and aliphatic amides was purified to apparent homogeneity from Klebsiella pneumoniae NCTR 1. The enzyme is a monomer with an apparent molecular weight of 62,000. The pH and temperature optima of the enzyme were 7.0 and 65 degree C, respectively. The purified amidase contained 11 5,5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) (DTNB)-titratable sulfhydryl (SH) groups. In the native enzyme 1.0 SH group readily reacted with DTNB with no detectable loss of activity. Titration of the next 3.0 SH groups with DTNB resulted in a loss of activity of more than 70%. The remaining seven inaccessible SH groups could be titrated only in the presence of 8 M guanidine hydrochloride. Titration of SH groups was strongly inhibited by carboxymethylation and KMnO sub(4), suggesting the presence of SH groups at the active site(s). Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry analysis indicated that the native amidase contains 0.33 mol of cobalt and 0.33 mol of iron per mol of the native enzyme. Polyclonal antiserum against K. pneumoniae amidase was raised in rabbits, and immunochemical comparisons were made with amidases from Rhodococcus sp., Mycobacterium smegmatis, Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23, and Methylophilus methylotrophus. The antiserum immunoprecipitated and immunoreacted with the amidases of K. pneumoniae and P. chlororaphis B23. The antiserum failed to immunoreact or immunoprecipitate with other amidases. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Nawaz AU - Khan, A A AU - Bhattacharayya, D AU - Siittonen, PH AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Div. Microbiol., Natl. Cent. for Toxicological Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2397 EP - 2401 VL - 178 IS - 8 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - amidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15569251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Physical%2C+biochemical%2C+and+immunological+characterization+of+a+thermostable+amidase+from+Klebsiella+pneumoniae+NCTR+1&rft.au=Nawaz%3BKhan%2C+A+A%3BBhattacharayya%2C+D%3BSiittonen%2C+PH%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Nawaz&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Klebsiella pneumoniae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of Clostridium botulinum vegetables packaged under vacuum or modified atmosphere AN - 15564175; 3905749 AB - Because modified atmosphere-packaged (MAP) vegetables may provide an anaerobic environment conducive to Clostridium botulinum growth and toxin production, the incidence of C. botulinum spores in commercially available, precut MAP vegetables was determined. One-pound (454-g) packages of MAP vegetables were aseptically opened, added to freshly steamed and cooled sterile trypticase-peptone-glucose-yeast extract broth and incubated at 35 degree C for 7 days. Positive and negative controls were included with each sampling. After incubation the broth cultures were tested for toxicity by the standard mouse bioassay. Of the 1,118 MAP vegetable packages examined, one package each of shredded cabbage, chopped green pepper, and Italian salad mix contained C. botulinum type A spores. One additional salad mix (main ingredient, escarole) contained both C. botulinum type A and type B spores. Results indicated a low overall incidence rate (0.36%) of C. botulinum spores in commercially available precut MAP vegetables. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Lilly, T Jr AU - Solomon, H M AU - Rhodehamel, E J AD - Div. Microbiol. Stud. (HSF-516), U.S. FDA, 200 C St., S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 59 EP - 61 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - packaging KW - vacuum packaging KW - vegetables KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15564175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+Clostridium+botulinum+vegetables+packaged+under+vacuum+or+modified+atmosphere&rft.au=Lilly%2C+T+Jr%3BSolomon%2C+H+M%3BRhodehamel%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Lilly&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; vegetables; packaging; vacuum packaging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519939461 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 3 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519939461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519939428 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519939428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519939423 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 1 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519939423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519939223 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519939223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519938876 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938854 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 7 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938797 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519938779 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938775 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 5 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519938238 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938229 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 5 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glossary AN - 1474334582 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 86 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Glossary&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interventions for Alcoholics Who Smoke AN - 1474334527 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Abrams, David B AU - Monti, Peter M AU - Niaura, Raymond S AU - Rohsenow, Damaris J AU - Colby, Suzanne M Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 111 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Interventions+for+Alcoholics+Who+Smoke&rft.au=Abrams%2C+David+B%3BMonti%2C+Peter+M%3BNiaura%2C+Raymond+S%3BRohsenow%2C+Damaris+J%3BColby%2C+Suzanne+M&rft.aulast=Abrams&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol in the Early Years of Marriage AN - 1474334363 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Leonard, Kenneth E AU - Roberts, Linda J Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 192 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+in+the+Early+Years+of+Marriage&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Kenneth+E%3BRoberts%2C+Linda+J&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking During Adolescence AN - 1474334356 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Chassin, Laurie AU - DeLucia, Christian Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 175 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Drinking+During+Adolescence&rft.au=Chassin%2C+Laurie%3BDeLucia%2C+Christian&rft.aulast=Chassin&rft.aufirst=Laurie&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Access to Alcohol: Geography and Prevention for Local Communities AN - 1474334310 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Gruenewald, Paul J AU - Millar, Alexander B AU - Roeper, Peter Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 244 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Access+to+Alcohol%3A+Geography+and+Prevention+for+Local+Communities&rft.au=Gruenewald%2C+Paul+J%3BMillar%2C+Alexander+B%3BRoeper%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Gruenewald&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking Among Young Adults: Prevalence, Patterns, and Consequences AN - 1474321833 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Quigley, Lori A AU - Marlatt, G Alan Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 185 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Drinking+Among+Young+Adults%3A+Prevalence%2C+Patterns%2C+and+Consequences&rft.au=Quigley%2C+Lori+A%3BMarlatt%2C+G+Alan&rft.aulast=Quigley&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liver Transplantation for Alcoholics With Terminal Liver Disease AN - 1474321821 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - THIEL, DAVID H. VAN Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 261 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Liver+Transplantation+for+Alcoholics+With+Terminal+Liver+Disease&rft.au=THIEL%2C+DAVID+H.+VAN&rft.aulast=THIEL&rft.aufirst=DAVID+H.&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Development of Alcoholic Subtypes: Risk Variation Among Alcoholic Families During the Early Childhood Years AN - 1474321814 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Zucker, Robert A AU - Ellis, Deborah A AU - Bingham, C Raymond AU - Fitzgerald, Hiram E Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 46 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+Alcoholic+Subtypes%3A+Risk+Variation+Among+Alcoholic+Families+During+the+Early+Childhood+Years&rft.au=Zucker%2C+Robert+A%3BEllis%2C+Deborah+A%3BBingham%2C+C+Raymond%3BFitzgerald%2C+Hiram+E&rft.aulast=Zucker&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Parental Drinking on Adolescents AN - 1474321776 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Windle, Michael Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 181 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Parental+Drinking+on+Adolescents&rft.au=Windle%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Windle&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studying the Effects of Alcohol Advertising on Consumption AN - 1474321762 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Saffer, Henry Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 266 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Studying+the+Effects+of+Alcohol+Advertising+on+Consumption&rft.au=Saffer%2C+Henry&rft.aulast=Saffer&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gender and Alcoholic Subtypes AN - 1474321593 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Del Boca, Frances K AU - Hesselbrock, Michie N Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 56 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Gender+and+Alcoholic+Subtypes&rft.au=Del+Boca%2C+Frances+K%3BHesselbrock%2C+Michie+N&rft.aulast=Del+Boca&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol's Role in Work-Force Entry and Retirement AN - 1474321498 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Roman, Paul M AU - Johnson, J Aaron Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 162 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%27s+Role+in+Work-Force+Entry+and+Retirement&rft.au=Roman%2C+Paul+M%3BJohnson%2C+J+Aaron&rft.aulast=Roman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Link Between Alcoholism and Eating Disorders AN - 1474321486 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Lilenfeld, Lisa R AU - Kaye, Walter H Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 94 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Link+Between+Alcoholism+and+Eating+Disorders&rft.au=Lilenfeld%2C+Lisa+R%3BKaye%2C+Walter+H&rft.aulast=Lilenfeld&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Classification of Alcoholics: Typology Theories From the 19th Century to the Present AN - 1474321371 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Babor, Thomas F Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Classification+of+Alcoholics%3A+Typology+Theories+From+the+19th+Century+to+the+Present&rft.au=Babor%2C+Thomas+F&rft.aulast=Babor&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perspectives on Alcohol Taxation AN - 1474321356 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Kenkel, Donald AU - Manning, Willard Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 230 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Perspectives+on+Alcohol+Taxation&rft.au=Kenkel%2C+Donald%3BManning%2C+Willard&rft.aulast=Kenkel&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Research and Social Policy: An Overview AN - 1474321295 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Gordis, Enoch Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 208 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Research+and+Social+Policy%3A+An+Overview&rft.au=Gordis%2C+Enoch&rft.aulast=Gordis&rft.aufirst=Enoch&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subtypes of Alcoholics Based on Psychometric Measures AN - 1474321227 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Allen, John P Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 24 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Subtypes+of+Alcoholics+Based+on+Psychometric+Measures&rft.au=Allen%2C+John+P&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comorbidity Between DSM - IV Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders: Results From the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey AN - 1474321091 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Grant, Bridget F AU - Pickering, Roger P Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 67 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Comorbidity+Between+DSM+-+IV+Alcohol+and+Drug+Use+Disorders%3A+Results+From+the+National+Longitudinal+Alcohol+Epidemiologic+Survey&rft.au=Grant%2C+Bridget+F%3BPickering%2C+Roger+P&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Bridget&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Late-Life Drinking Behavior: The Influence of Personal Characteristics, Life Context, and Treatment AN - 1474321086 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Brennan, Penny L AU - Moos, Rudolf H Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 197 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Late-Life+Drinking+Behavior%3A+The+Influence+of+Personal+Characteristics%2C+Life+Context%2C+and+Treatment&rft.au=Brennan%2C+Penny+L%3BMoos%2C+Rudolf+H&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Penny&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Type A and Type B Alcoholism: Applicability Across Subpopulations and Treatment Settings AN - 1474321071 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Ball, Samuel A Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 30 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Type+A+and+Type+B+Alcoholism%3A+Applicability+Across+Subpopulations+and+Treatment+Settings&rft.au=Ball%2C+Samuel+A&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol-Use Disorder and Severe Mental Illness AN - 1474317819 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Drake, Robert E AU - Mueser, Kim T Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 87 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol-Use+Disorder+and+Severe+Mental+Illness&rft.au=Drake%2C+Robert+E%3BMueser%2C+Kim+T&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Harm Reduction as an Alcohol-Prevention Strategy AN - 1474317757 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Single, Eric Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 239 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Harm+Reduction+as+an+Alcohol-Prevention+Strategy&rft.au=Single%2C+Eric&rft.aulast=Single&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Consumption and Dietary Practices in the U.S. Population: 1987 and 1992 AN - 1474317753 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Dietz, Diane K AU - Williams, Gerald D AU - Dufour, Mary C Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 128 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Consumption+and+Dietary+Practices+in+the+U.S.+Population%3A+1987+and+1992&rft.au=Dietz%2C+Diane+K%3BWilliams%2C+Gerald+D%3BDufour%2C+Mary+C&rft.aulast=Dietz&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Abuse and Smoking: Dual Recoveries AN - 1474317716 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Sobell, Linda C AU - Sobell, Mark B Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 124 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Abuse+and+Smoking%3A+Dual+Recoveries&rft.au=Sobell%2C+Linda+C%3BSobell%2C+Mark+B&rft.aulast=Sobell&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using Computer Models To Predict Prevention Policy Outcomes AN - 1474317690 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Holder, Harold D Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 252 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Using+Computer+Models+To+Predict+Prevention+Policy+Outcomes&rft.au=Holder%2C+Harold+D&rft.aulast=Holder&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=252&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Natural History of Alcoholism AN - 1474317603 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Vaillant, George E AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 152 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Natural+History+of+Alcoholism&rft.au=Vaillant%2C+George+E%3BHILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE&rft.aulast=Vaillant&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of Drinking and Driving AN - 1474317568 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Hingson, Ralph Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 219 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+Drinking+and+Driving&rft.au=Hingson%2C+Ralph&rft.aulast=Hingson&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Type I and Type II Alcoholism: An Update AN - 1474317564 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Cloninger, C Robert AU - SIGVARDSSON, SÖREN AU - Bohman, Michael Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 18 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Type+I+and+Type+II+Alcoholism%3A+An+Update&rft.au=Cloninger%2C+C+Robert%3BSIGVARDSSON%2C+S%C3%96REN%3BBohman%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Cloninger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do Drinking and Smoking Go Together? AN - 1474317501 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Shiffman, Saul AU - Balabanis, Mark Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 107 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Do+Drinking+and+Smoking+Go+Together%3F&rft.au=Shiffman%2C+Saul%3BBalabanis%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Shiffman&rft.aufirst=Saul&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Challenge of Dual Diagnosis AN - 1474317473 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Woody, George Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 76 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Challenge+of+Dual+Diagnosis&rft.au=Woody%2C+George&rft.aulast=Woody&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risks and Benefits of Alcohol Use Over the Life Span AN - 1474317412 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Dufour, Mary C Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 145 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Risks+and+Benefits+of+Alcohol+Use+Over+the+Life+Span&rft.au=Dufour%2C+Mary+C&rft.aulast=Dufour&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Typology Research Questionnaires AN - 1474317380 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Ingle, Kathryn G Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 63 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Typology+Research+Questionnaires&rft.au=Ingle%2C+Kathryn+G&rft.aulast=Ingle&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol, Anxiety, and Depressive Disorders AN - 1474317309 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Schuckit, Marc A Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 81 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%2C+Anxiety%2C+and+Depressive+Disorders&rft.au=Schuckit%2C+Marc+A&rft.aulast=Schuckit&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol Across the Life Span AN - 1474317142 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Connor, Paul D AU - Streissguth, Ann P Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 170 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Prenatal+Exposure+to+Alcohol+Across+the+Life+Span&rft.au=Connor%2C+Paul+D%3BStreissguth%2C+Ann+P&rft.aulast=Connor&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comorbidity of Alcoholism and Anxiety Disorders: The Role of Family Studies AN - 1474317136 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Merikangas, Kathleen R AU - Stevens, Denise AU - Fenton, Brenda Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 100 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Comorbidity+of+Alcoholism+and+Anxiety+Disorders%3A+The+Role+of+Family+Studies&rft.au=Merikangas%2C+Kathleen+R%3BStevens%2C+Denise%3BFenton%2C+Brenda&rft.aulast=Merikangas&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Minimum Legal Drinking Age: History, Effectiveness, and Ongoing Debate AN - 1474316985 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Toomey, Traci L AU - Rosenfeld, Carolyn AU - Wagenaar, Alexander C Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 213 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Minimum+Legal+Drinking+Age%3A+History%2C+Effectiveness%2C+and+Ongoing+Debate&rft.au=Toomey%2C+Traci+L%3BRosenfeld%2C+Carolyn%3BWagenaar%2C+Alexander+C&rft.aulast=Toomey&rft.aufirst=Traci&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patient Placement Criteria: Linking Typologies to Managed Care AN - 1474316882 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Morey, Leslie C Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 36 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Patient+Placement+Criteria%3A+Linking+Typologies+to+Managed+Care&rft.au=Morey%2C+Leslie+C&rft.aulast=Morey&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treating Alcohol Problems in the Context of Other Drug Abuse AN - 1474316848 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Miller, William R AU - Bennett, Melanie E Y1 - 1996/01/01/ PY - 1996 DA - 1996 Jan 01 SP - 118 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Treating+Alcohol+Problems+in+the+Context+of+Other+Drug+Abuse&rft.au=Miller%2C+William+R%3BBennett%2C+Melanie+E&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of chemical dehydration and critical point drying for the stabilization and visualization of ageing biofilm present on interior surfaces of PVC distribution pipe AN - 13647270; 199603231 AB - Bacterial cells within a biofilm are enveloped in a matrix or glycocalyx containing various components including water and polysaccharides. The study of the glycocalyx required scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques that both stabilized and preserved any biofilm present. Ruthenium red stain did not stabilize the exopolysaccharide matrix against condensation during dehydration unless there was sufficient protein in the glycocalyx to resist condensation. Four SEM preparatory procedures using chemical dehydration or critical point drying (CPD) with or without ruthenium red stain were compared for studying the biofilm on PVC water distribution pipes. CPD with ruthenium red/osmium tetroxide was superior to chemical dehydration for the visualization of attached biofilm. The methods using chemical dehydration or CPD without ruthenium red showed only small amounts of biofilm when observed by SEM. There are 37 references. JF - Journal of Applied Bacteriology AU - Carr, J H AU - Anderson, R L AU - Favero AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Ga. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 225 EP - 232 VL - 80 IS - 2 KW - Stabilization (see also fixation, solidification) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13647270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+chemical+dehydration+and+critical+point+drying+for+the+stabilization+and+visualization+of+ageing+biofilm+present+on+interior+surfaces+of+PVC+distribution+pipe&rft.au=Carr%2C+J+H%3BAnderson%2C+R+L%3BFavero&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Bacteriology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uptake, tissue distribution, and metabolism of malachite green in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) AN - 13636356; 199703999 AB - Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were injected intravascularly with 0.8 mg malachite green per kg. Blood specimens were collected at intervals up to 10 hours. Other fish were exposed to water containing 0.8 mg carbon-14 labelled malachite green per litre for 1 hour. Distribution of malachite green in the tissues of the fish was determined at intervals up to 336 hours. After intravascular dosing, mean plasma concentrations of malachite green showed a triphasic decline with an elimination terminal half-life of 6.2 hours. The dye was rapidly absorbed during waterborne exposure. Elimination after exposure was triphasic with a terminal half-life of 4.7 hours. In muscle, the half-life was approximately 67 hours. Malachite green and its metabolites were widely distributed in all tissues. Total drug equivalent concentrations in fish exposed to radiocarbon labelled dye were highest in abdominal fat and lowest in plasma. The dye was rapidly and extensively metabolized to leucomalachite green which was slowly eliminated from tissues. Leucomalachite green was an appropriate target analyte for monitoring exposure of channel catfish to malachite green. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Plakas, S M AU - El Said, KR AU - Stehly, G R AU - Gingerich, W H AU - Allen, J L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, Ala. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 1427 EP - 1433 VL - 53 IS - 6 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - Fish (see also individual groups listed below) KW - Malachite green KW - Waterborne KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13636356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Uptake%2C+tissue+distribution%2C+and+metabolism+of+malachite+green+in+the+channel+catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus%29&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M%3BEl+Said%2C+KR%3BStehly%2C+G+R%3BGingerich%2C+W+H%3BAllen%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microwave distillation-solid phase adsorbent trapping device for the determination of off-flavors, geosmin and methylisoborneol, in catfish tissue below their rejection levels AN - 13633282; 199700780 AB - A microwave-mediated stream distillation device is described for determining 2 compounds responsible for off-flavours in channel catfish tissue, geosmin and methylisoborneol. Geosmin and methylisoborneol were removed from the sample matrix within 10 minutes and trapped on a solid phase adsorbent. C18 bonded-silica replaceable cartridges (Sep-Pak) were used to eliminate problems such as carry-over of geosmin from sample to blank and to improve recoveries. A minimal amount of ethyl acetate was used to elute the analytes from the solid-phase. The extract was then analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ion trap detection in the selective ion storage mode on the mass spectrometer gave improved detection limits compared to total ion chromatography used previously. Detection limits for geosmin and methylisoborneol were 0.63 and 0.018 ppb, respectively. JF - Analytical Chemistry AU - Conte, ED AU - Shen, CY AU - Miller, D W AU - Perschbacher, P W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Ark. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2713 EP - 2716 VL - 68 IS - 15 KW - Sep-Pak Cartridges KW - Analysis KW - Equipment KW - Ethylacetate KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13633282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Microwave+distillation-solid+phase+adsorbent+trapping+device+for+the+determination+of+off-flavors%2C+geosmin+and+methylisoborneol%2C+in+catfish+tissue+below+their+rejection+levels&rft.au=Conte%2C+ED%3BShen%2C+CY%3BMiller%2C+D+W%3BPerschbacher%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Conte&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=2713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of trichlorfon and dichlorvos residues in shrimp using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection AN - 13630411; 199705727 AB - A method was developed to measure trichlorfon and dichlorvos in shrimp in the range 20-80 ng per g. Ground Ecuadorian white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) containing sodium sulphate was homogenized in ethyl acetate, centrifuged and n-hexadecane added to the supernatant. The ethyl acetate was completely removed in a rotary film evaporator. The oily residue was dissolved in petroleum ether and loaded onto a cyanopropyl solid-phase extraction column previously conditioned with diethyl ether and petroleum ether. The column was washed with dichloromethane/petroleum ether then the analytes were eluted under nitrogen and the residue reconstituted in toluene. This was analysed for trichlorfon and dichlorvos by gas chromatography using a cool on-column inlet and a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Separation from matrix components was achieved by using a thermal gradient on a (cyanopropyl)phenylmethylpolysiloxane column. Average recoveries and intralaboratory coefficients of variation were 50-83 and 15-21 per cent, respectively. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Ngoh, MA AU - Cullison, R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, Md. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 2686 EP - 2689 VL - 44 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Analysis KW - Columns KW - Ethylacetate KW - Methylene chloride KW - Petroleum ether KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13630411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Determination+of+trichlorfon+and+dichlorvos+residues+in+shrimp+using+gas+chromatography+with+nitrogen-phosphorus+detection&rft.au=Ngoh%2C+MA%3BCullison%2C+R&rft.aulast=Ngoh&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2686&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical mixtures released from hazardous waste sites: implications for health risk assessment. AN - 77823642; 8571353 AB - Uncontrolled hazardous waste sites (HWS) and exposure to hazardous substances continue to pose complex public health problems. This paper presents an overview of chemicals, including chemical mixtures, that have been released into environmental media in the vicinity of HWS. We describe how this type of information is being used to assess the public health implications of exposures to chemical mixtures and to develop an integrated program of applied research to more accurately characterize the potential health effects of chemical mixtures. A narrative, weight-of-evidence approach, incorporating mechanistic insights on chemical interactions is described. The utility of this information in the context of risk analysis and public health practice is discussed. JF - Toxicology AU - Johnson, B L AU - DeRosa, C T AD - Division of Toxicology, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 1995/12/28/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Dec 28 SP - 145 EP - 156 VL - 105 IS - 2-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Xenobiotics KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Public Health Service KW - Public Health KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Sex Determination Analysis KW - Drug Synergism KW - Risk Assessment KW - Hazardous Waste -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects KW - Xenobiotics -- toxicity KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77823642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Chemical+mixtures+released+from+hazardous+waste+sites%3A+implications+for+health+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+B+L%3BDeRosa%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-12-28&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Upper bound risk estimates for mixtures of carcinogens. AN - 77799815; 8571357 AB - The excess cancer risk that might result from exposure to a mixture of chemical carcinogens usually is estimated with data from experiments conducted on individual chemicals. An upper bound on the total excess risk is estimated commonly by summing individual upper bound risk estimates. The degree to which this approach might overstate the true risk associated with the mixture has not been evaluated previously. This paper reports the results of a Monte Carlo simulation study on the degree of reduction in conservation that might be achieved using alternative methods for calculating mixture upper bounds. An unexpected finding is that for chemicals that exhibit strongly linear dose-response relationships, the summing of multistage-model-based upper bounds on excess risk can be anti-conservative, that is, it can provide less than the nominal 100(1-alpha)% coverage. JF - Toxicology AU - Kodell, R L AU - Ahn, H AU - Chen, J J AU - Springer, J A AU - Barton, C N AU - Hertzberg, R C AD - Biometry Branch, HFT-20, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/12/28/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Dec 28 SP - 199 EP - 208 VL - 105 IS - 2-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mathematical Computing KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Likelihood Functions KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77799815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Upper+bound+risk+estimates+for+mixtures+of+carcinogens.&rft.au=Kodell%2C+R+L%3BAhn%2C+H%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BSpringer%2C+J+A%3BBarton%2C+C+N%3BHertzberg%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Kodell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-12-28&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Depletion of gentamicin in the milk of Holstein cows after single and repeated intramammary and parenteral treatments. AN - 77930142; 8789700 AB - Twenty-four healthy Holstein cows, 2.72 +/- 0.64 (mean +/- SD) years old, weighing 603.96 +/- 73.22 kg (mean +/- SD), and representing various levels of milk production, were used to determine the depletion of gentamicin (GT) in milk. The cows had not received antibiotics or other drugs that could interfere with study for at least 60 days before the beginning of the investigation. The cows were divided into six groups (n = 4) and treated with single (treatments A, B and C) or repeated (treatments D, E and F) doses of GT. Cows were acclimated for 7 days before administration of GT and milked twice a day at 12-h intervals (06.00 hours, 18.00 hours) throughout the duration of the study. Control milk samples were obtained after the arrival of the cows and assayed to establish their GT free status. On day 1 of each treatment, a baseline milk sample was collected from the milk produced (06.00 hours) by each cow. A single dose of GT was administered intramammarily (A, i.m.m. left front quarter, 500 mg), intravenously (B, i.v., 5 mg/kg body weight) or intramuscularly (C, i.m., 5 mg/kg body weight). Cows in treatments D (i.m.m., 500 mg), E (i.v., 5 mg/kg body weight) and F (simultaneous i.m.m. 500 mg plus i.v. 5 mg/kg body weight) were treated twice a day for 5 consecutive days just after the morning and evening milkings. Milk samples from individual cows were collected every day after each milking during and after dosing until GT concentration in the milk was below the safe level of < or = 30 ng/mL. The concentration of GT in milk was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure. Depletion of GT to a concentration < or = 30 ng/mL occurred at the seventh (84 h), third (36 h), third (36 h), eleventh (132 h) third (36 h) and nineteenth (228 h) post-dosing milking, for cows in treatments A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. The highest mean +/- SEM) concentrations of GT were 14 710 +/- 1213.89, 167.87 +/- 46.94 and 91.62 +/- 14.55 ng/mL measured in the first milking post dosing (12 h) for cows in treatment A, B and C respectively; for cows in treatments D, E and F, during the dosing period, they were 14067.50 +/- 2989.09, 446.07 +/- 100.92, and 22900 +/- 2843.66 ng/mL and occurred at the seventh, third and eighth milking respectively. Because GT is not approved for use in dairy cattle and because of the long depletion time associated with some possible treatments, illegal and extra-label use is likely to cause residues in milk. JF - Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Pedersoli, W M AU - Jackson, J AU - Frobish, R A AD - Division of Animal Research, FDA-CVM, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 457 EP - 463 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0140-7783, 0140-7783 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Gentamicins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intravenous -- veterinary KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Food Contamination KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- veterinary KW - Injections, Intramuscular -- veterinary KW - Female KW - Gentamicins -- analysis KW - Gentamicins -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Residues -- pharmacokinetics KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- metabolism KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Gentamicins -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77930142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Depletion+of+gentamicin+in+the+milk+of+Holstein+cows+after+single+and+repeated+intramammary+and+parenteral+treatments.&rft.au=Pedersoli%2C+W+M%3BJackson%2C+J%3BFrobish%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Pedersoli&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=01407783&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of perinatal hypoxia on the behavioral, neurochemical, and neurohistological toxicity of the metabolic inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid. AN - 77929616; 8847991 AB - 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) neurotoxicity and long-term effects of perinatal hypoxia were evaluated in 18 adult rats. Hypoxia-insulted (I) and noninsulted (NI) rats were delivered by cesarean section. Hypoxic insult was effected by submerging dissected uterine horns in warmed saline for 15 min. NI rats were delivered from the adjacent nonsubmerged horns. At postnatal day 90, I and NI rats were trained to perform tasks thought to measure behaviors dependent upon aspects of time estimation (TE), motivation, and learning. At 12 months of age, rats were injected i.p. with escalating doses of 3-NPA (5 mg/kg/day to a maximum of 30 mg/kg/day) immediately after each test session and sacrificed at the end of treatment. Additional male rats were used as untreated controls. Although 3-NPA produced a dose-dependent impairment of performance in each task, the effects were qualitatively similar for each group. A significant difference between I and NI rats was, however, observed in the TE task where NI rats completed less of the task at high doses of 3-NPA compared to I rats. Compared to untreated controls, dopamine concentrations were decreased in caudate nucleus of both I and NI rats after 3-NPA. Specific areas most frequently damaged included cerebral cortex, hippocampal subfield CA1, thalamus, caudate nucleus, and the cerebellum. Lesions usually were less extensive in the I rather than NI members of a littermate pair, suggesting a possible protective effect of perinatal hypoxia against subsequent 3-NPA neurotoxicity. JF - Metabolic brain disease AU - Binienda, Z AU - Frederick, D L AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Rountree, R L AU - Paule, M G AU - Schmued, L AU - Ali, S F AU - Slikker, W AU - Scallet, A C AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FIDA, Jefferson, AR, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 269 EP - 282 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0885-7490, 0885-7490 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Propionates KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.3.99.1 KW - 3-nitropropionic acid KW - QY4L0FOX0D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Motivation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Labor, Obstetric KW - Energy Metabolism -- physiology KW - Time Perception -- drug effects KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Energy Metabolism -- drug effects KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Propionates -- toxicity KW - Brain Chemistry -- drug effects KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Hypoxia -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Hypoxia -- physiopathology KW - Brain Chemistry -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77929616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metabolic+brain+disease&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+perinatal+hypoxia+on+the+behavioral%2C+neurochemical%2C+and+neurohistological+toxicity+of+the+metabolic+inhibitor+3-nitropropionic+acid.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Z%3BFrederick%2C+D+L%3BFerguson%2C+S+A%3BRountree%2C+R+L%3BPaule%2C+M+G%3BSchmued%2C+L%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BScallet%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Metabolic+brain+disease&rft.issn=08857490&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatotoxicity of antiviral agents. AN - 77910648; 8749901 AB - Because most therapeutic agents used for viral infections are relatively new, experience with their adverse effects is still evolving. Hepatic toxicity has not been among the most important concerns with this class of drugs so far. Liver damage has been increasingly noted with accumulating experience, especially with antiretroviral drugs and those used to treat chronic hepatitis (e.g., fialuridine), but it is often difficult to distinguish between effects of therapy and of the underlying disease. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the possibility of hepatotoxicity in such situations, and further reporting of adverse experiences should contribute to more definitive evaluation of the potential influence of antivirals on liver function. JF - Gastroenterology clinics of North America AU - Styrt, B AU - Freiman, J P AD - Office of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 839 EP - 852 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0889-8553, 0889-8553 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Antiviral Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77910648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gastroenterology+clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Hepatotoxicity+of+antiviral+agents.&rft.au=Styrt%2C+B%3BFreiman%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Styrt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gastroenterology+clinics+of+North+America&rft.issn=08898553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment of chemical mixtures from a public health perspective. AN - 77876415; 8597105 AB - Health risk assessment is the practice of evaluating the degree of danger associated with chemical exposure, whether the exposure is intentional (pharmacologic agents, pesticides) or unintentional (industrial/automobile by-products). Chemical exposure can either be to a single chemical or to complex mixtures such as industrial effluents, municipal wastes, jet fuels, gasoline, or mixtures of drinking water contaminants. The mixtures can be simple or complex; partially or completely characterized; and stable or varying in composition. Three different approaches are often used in health risk assessment of chemical mixtures (51 FR 33992-34054). These 3 approaches consist of (a) use of data on the specific mixture of concern; (b) use of data on a similar mixture; and (c) use of data on each component of the mixture. The individual component-based approach is by far the most often used because it allows the individual risks from each component to be combined, usually by dose or response additivity, to calculate an overall risk for the mixture. In addition, several innovative methods, such as the toxicity equivalency factor, relative potency, and even the use of indicator chemicals, are also employed. More recently, a binary weight-of-evidence approach has been proposed to evaluate potential interactions between the various components and to integrate them into the overall toxicity assessment of the mixture. Because no single approach is suitable for assessing the health risk associated with all the exposure scenarios associated with the various types of mixtures, the use of professional judgment is still imperative in conducting health risk assessments. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Mumtaz, M M AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 527 EP - 532 VL - 82-83 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Public Health KW - Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77876415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+of+chemical+mixtures+from+a+public+health+perspective.&rft.au=Mumtaz%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Mumtaz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=82-83&rft.issue=&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-15 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic susceptibility and carcinogen-DNA adduct formation in human urinary bladder carcinogenesis. AN - 77868481; 8597119 AB - Differences in human urinary bladder cancer susceptibility have often been attributed to genetic polymorphisms in carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, especially those involved in the biotransformation of aromatic amines (AAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Metabolic activation generally involves an initial cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation to form N-hydroxy, phenol, or dihydrodiol intermediates that undergo further conjugation or oxidation to form DNA adducts. The acetyltransferases, NAT1 and NAT2, can participate in these pathways by catalyzing detoxification (by AA N-acetylation) or further activation (by N-OH-AA O-acetylation) reactions. NAT2 polymorphisms, which are due to point mutations in the structural gene, have long been associated with higher risk for bladder cancer. In collaborative studies, we now have found that NAT1 is also expressed polymorphically in human bladder due to mutations in the NAT1 polyadenylation signal, which has recently been associated with increased bladder cancer risk. Moreover, we have found that the bladder NAT1*10 genotype and phenotype are correlated with significantly higher levels of putative AA-DNA adducts in human bladder as measured by 32P-postlabelling. Preliminary data have also suggested that putative PAH-DNA adducts in human bladder are correlated with a polymorphism in the total metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) by bladder microsomes and especially with the formation of BP-7,8-diol. Since each of these correlations was observed without adjusting for carcinogen intake, it would appear that, with ubiquitous human exposure to AAs and PAHs, the expression of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes may be a more critical determinant of carcinogen-DNA adduct formation and of individual cancer susceptibility. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Kadlubar, F F AU - Badawi, A F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 627 EP - 632 VL - 82-83 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Urinary Bladder -- metabolism KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Humans KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- genetics KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77868481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Genetic+susceptibility+and+carcinogen-DNA+adduct+formation+in+human+urinary+bladder+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Kadlubar%2C+F+F%3BBadawi%2C+A+F&rft.aulast=Kadlubar&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=82-83&rft.issue=&rft.spage=627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-15 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute behavioral effects of phencyclidine on rhesus monkey performance in an operant test battery. AN - 77833242; 8587921 AB - The effects of phencyclidine (PCP; a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist) were assessed in rhesus monkeys using performance in an operant test battery (OTB) consisting of five food-reinforced tasks thought to engender responses dependent upon aspects of time estimation, short-term memory, motivation, learning, and color and position discrimination. End-points included percent task completed (PTC), response rate or latency, and response accuracy. Testing occurred 15 min after IV injections of PCP (0.00, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.13, 0.18, and 0.3 mg/kg). PCP disrupted performance of all tasks at 0.30 mg/kg. PTC was significantly decreased in the time estimation, motivation, and learning tasks at doses > or = 0.13 mg/kg. PTC for the short-term memory and color and position discrimination tasks was significantly decreased at 0.18 mg/kg and above. Response rate was significantly decreased at 0.13 mg/kg and above in the motivation and learning tasks and at 0.18 mg/kg and above in the time estimation, short-term memory, and color and position discrimination tasks. Response accuracy was significantly decreased in the time estimation, short-term memory, and learning tasks at doses > or = 0.13 mg/kg, while accuracy in the color and position discrimination task was decreased only at 0.30 mg/kg. PCP's effects on OTB performance were generally nonspecific, in that the time estimation, short-term memory, learning, and motivation tasks were all equally sensitive, with the color and position discrimination task being the least sensitive. These results are different than those obtained from earlier studies on the effects of MK-801, a more selective noncompetitive NMDA antagonist. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Frederick, D L AU - Gillam, M P AU - Allen, R R AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 789 EP - 797 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Phencyclidine KW - J1DOI7UV76 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Memory, Short-Term -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Phencyclidine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77833242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Acute+behavioral+effects+of+phencyclidine+on+rhesus+monkey+performance+in+an+operant+test+battery.&rft.au=Frederick%2C+D+L%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BAllen%2C+R+R%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=789&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-27 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Oxyrase enrichment method for isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from inoculated foods. AN - 77786800; 8554759 AB - Recovery limits were evaluated for Campylobacter jejuni in an existing Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enrichment broth (EB) formula supplemented with Oxyrase enzyme. Cultures of Camp. jejuni were inoculated into EB or EB containing 10% raw milk, raw oysters, crabmeat or mushrooms. After 24 and 48 h of enrichment, Camp. jejuni was isolated on four selective agars. No significant differences in recovery rates for Camp. jejuni were observed in the Oxyrase enrichment under normal atmosphere or in the existing FDA method under modified atmosphere. Increase of enrichment time from 24 to 48 h did not improve the recovery rates. However, the Oxyrase enrichment was cost effective, less time consuming, and simpler to perform than the established method. JF - Letters in applied microbiology AU - Tran, T T AD - Division of Microbiological Studies, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 345 EP - 347 VL - 21 IS - 6 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Oxygenases KW - EC 1.13.- KW - Oxyrase KW - EC 1.14.- KW - Biotechnology KW - Bacteriological Techniques -- economics KW - Food Microbiology KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77786800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Oxyrase+enrichment+method+for+isolation+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+from+inoculated+foods.&rft.au=Tran%2C+T+T&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-23 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro and in vivo myelotoxicity of CAI to human and murine hematopoietic progenitor cells. AN - 77689846; 7485102 AB - Carboxyamido-triazole (CAI), an agent that targets calcium-sensitive signal transduction pathways, has both antiproliferative and antimetastatic properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the myelotoxicity of CAI to normal human and murine hematopoietic cells. In vitro toxicity of CAI was determined by inhibition of myeloid [colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-gm)] and erythroid [burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-e)] colony formation in clonal assays. The effects of oral CAI on CD2F1 mouse marrow and splenic cellularity, marrow progenitor content, and peripheral blood cell counts were assessed in relation to plasma CAI levels. In vitro, CAI caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of CFU-gm and BFU-e colonies following continuous drug exposure. Murine CFU-gm and BFU-e were inhibited > 90% by 10 and 15 micrograms/mL CAI, respectively. However, suppression of human CFU-gm and BFU-e did not exceed 65% at the same concentrations. In vivo, CAI reduced the number of CFU-gm and BFU-e per femur after the initial dose and through day 4. Variations in colony inhibition paralleled changes in CAI plasma concentrations. While colony inhibition increased in vitro with escalating drug concentrations, this was not observed in vivo with additional CAI doses. The low toxicity of CAI in vivo combined with the significant difference between toxicity for human and mouse progenitors in vitro suggests a relatively low adverse potential to the bone marrow for this new signal transduction inhibitory agent. JF - American journal of hematology AU - Volpe, D A AU - Cole, K AU - Sandeen, M A AU - Kohn, E C AD - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - December 1995 SP - 277 EP - 282 VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0361-8609, 0361-8609 KW - Interleukin-3 KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Triazoles KW - Erythropoietin KW - 11096-26-7 KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor KW - 83869-56-1 KW - carboxyamido-triazole KW - 99519-84-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Macrophages -- cytology KW - Erythroid Precursor Cells -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Humans KW - Interleukin-3 -- pharmacology KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Macrophages -- drug effects KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- pharmacology KW - Leukocyte Count KW - Bone Marrow Cells KW - Erythropoietin -- pharmacology KW - Kinetics KW - Granulocytes -- drug effects KW - Erythroid Precursor Cells -- cytology KW - Platelet Count KW - Granulocytes -- cytology KW - Triazoles -- toxicity KW - Hematopoietic Stem Cells -- cytology KW - Hematopoietic Stem Cells -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77689846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+hematology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+and+in+vivo+myelotoxicity+of+CAI+to+human+and+murine+hematopoietic+progenitor+cells.&rft.au=Volpe%2C+D+A%3BCole%2C+K%3BSandeen%2C+M+A%3BKohn%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=Volpe&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+hematology&rft.issn=03618609&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunological effects of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. AN - 36325711; 201002-31-0247382 (CE); 11701725 (EN) AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and structurally similar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons cause a broad range of immunologic effects in experimental animals including decreased host resistance to infectious disease and suppressed humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. In the mouse, TCDD immunotoxicity has been shown to be an aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-dependent process. However, despite considerable research, the biochemical and molecular alterations that occur subsequent to Ah receptor activation that lead to altered immune reactivity remain to be elucidated. In addition to immune suppression, TCDD promotes inflammatory responses. This effect may result from an upregulation of the production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. Nonhuman primates exposed to TCDD show suppressed antibody responses and changes in lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood. The immunotoxic effects of TCDD in humans are poorly characterized, and few studies have examined the immune status of individuals with known, documented exposure to TCDD. It is important for laboratory research to focus on defining TCDD-sensitive immunologic biomarkers in animal models that can also be used in human subjects. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie species differences in TCDD immunotoxicity is also of critical importance for extrapolation of effects seen in laboratory animals to man. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kerkvliet, N I AD - Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331, USA. kerkvlin@ccmail.orst.edu PY - 1995 SP - 47 EP - 53 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Animals KW - Human KW - Activation KW - Cytokines KW - Primates KW - Infectious diseases KW - Laboratory animals KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36325711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Immunological+effects+of+chlorinated+dibenzo-p-dioxins.&rft.au=Kerkvliet%2C+N+I&rft.aulast=Kerkvliet&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory aspects of mycotoxins in soybean and soybean products AN - 21307491; 11724292 AB - More than 50 countries have enacted or proposed regulations for the control of aflatoxins in foods and/or feeds, and at least 15 of these countries also have regulations for permitted levels of contamination by other mycotoxins. Since 1965, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has used action levels to control aflatoxins in its compliance programs. Cooperative programs with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, state agencies, and industry also have been used to keep exposure to aflatoxins as low as practical. Soybeans support the growth of many mold species, which can produce toxins such as aflatoxins, trichothecenes (such as T-2), and cytochalasins. The natural occurrence of these toxins in soybeans has not been a problem. Limited surveys of soybeans and soy-based infant formulas have not revealed significant contamination. The sequence of events that leads to consideration of a mycotoxin for control programs and other regulatory activity includes determination of a toxic response, isolation and identification of the toxin, development of a sampling plan and method of analysis, and determination of incidence and levels of contamination of the susceptible commodity. The quality of soybeans can vary widely, depending on environmental, agronomic, and storage conditions. products susceptible to contamination from improper storage are subject to regulatory action on a case-by-case basis. The government-industry cooperative programs have been successful in limiting human exposure to aflatoxins. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Nesheim, Stanley AU - Wood, Garnett E AD - Division of Natural Products, Office of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 20204 Washington, DC Y1 - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DA - Dec 1995 SP - 1421 EP - 1423 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 72 IS - 12 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Agriculture KW - Infant formulas KW - Regulatory sequences KW - Control programs KW - Aflatoxins KW - Molds KW - Food contamination KW - trichothecenes KW - Soybeans KW - Oil KW - Mycotoxins KW - Storage conditions KW - Sampling KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21307491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Regulatory+aspects+of+mycotoxins+in+soybean+and+soybean+products&rft.au=Nesheim%2C+Stanley%3BWood%2C+Garnett+E&rft.aulast=Nesheim&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.date=1995-12-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02577831 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Infant formulas; Control programs; Regulatory sequences; Aflatoxins; Molds; Food contamination; trichothecenes; Soybeans; Oil; Mycotoxins; Storage conditions; Sampling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02577831 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of aromatic amine acetyltransferases, NAT1 and NAT2, in carcinogen-DNA adduct formation in the human urinary bladder. AN - 77668327; 7585581 AB - The metabolic activation and detoxification pathways associated with the carcinogenic aromatic amines provide an extraordinary model of polymorphisms that can modulate human urinary bladder carcinogenesis. In this study, the metabolic N-acetylation of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to N-acetyl-PABA (NAT1 activity) and of sulfamethazine (SMZ) to N-acetyl-SMZ (NAT2 activity), as well as the O-acetylation of N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl (OAT activity; catalyzed by NAT1 and NAT2), were measured in tissue cytosols prepared from 26 different human bladder samples; then DNA was isolated for determination of NAT1 and NAT2 genotype and for analyses of carcinogen-DNA adducts. Both PABA and OAT activities were detected, with mean activities +/- SD of 2.9 +/- 2.3 nmol/min/mg protein and 1.4 +/- 0.7 pmol bound/mg DNA/min/mg protein, respectively. However, SMZ activities were below the assay limits of detection (< 10 pmol/min/mg protein). The levels of putative carcinogen-DNA adducts were quantified by 32P-postlabeling and averaged 2.34 +/- 2.09 adducts/10(8) deoxyribonucleotide phosphate (dNp). Moreover, the DNA adduct levels in these tissues correlated with their NAT1-dependent PABA activities (r = 0.52; P < 0.01) but not with their OAT activities. Statistical and probit analyses indicated that this NAT1 activity was not normally distributed and appeared bimodal. Applying the NAT1:OAT activity ratios (N:O ratio) allowed arbitrary designation of rapid and slow NAT1 phenotypes, with a cutpoint near the median value. Within each of these subgroups, NAT1 correlated with OAT (P < 0.05); DNA adduct levels were elevated 2-fold in individuals with the rapid NAT1 or NAT1/OAT phenotype. Examination of DNA sequence polymorphisms in the NAT1 gene by PCR have demonstrated that an NAT1 polyadenylation polymorphism is associated with differences in tissue NAT1 enzyme activity; accordingly, NAT1 activity in the bladder of individuals with the heterozygous NAT1*10 allele was 2-fold higher than in subjects homozygous for the putative wild-type NAT1*4 allele. Likewise, DNA adduct levels in the mucosa of the urinary bladder were found to be 2-fold (P < 0.05) higher in individuals with the heterozygous NAT1*10 allele (3.5 +/- 2.1 adducts/10(8) dNp) as compared to NAT1*4 homozygous (1.8 +/- 1.9 adducts/10(8) dNp). Thus, these data provide strong support for the hypothesis that NAT1 activity in the urinary bladder mucosa represents a major bioactivation step that converts urinary N-hydroxy arylamines to reactive N-acetoxy esters that form covalent DNA adducts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Cancer research AU - Badawi, A F AU - Hirvonen, A AU - Bell, D A AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/11/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Nov 15 SP - 5230 EP - 5237 VL - 55 IS - 22 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Sulfamethazine KW - 48U51W007F KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.5 KW - NAT2 protein, human KW - 4-Aminobenzoic Acid KW - TL2TJE8QTX KW - Index Medicus KW - Acetylation KW - Sulfamethazine -- metabolism KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - Smoking -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - 4-Aminobenzoic Acid -- metabolism KW - Urinary Bladder -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- physiology KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77668327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Role+of+aromatic+amine+acetyltransferases%2C+NAT1+and+NAT2%2C+in+carcinogen-DNA+adduct+formation+in+the+human+urinary+bladder.&rft.au=Badawi%2C+A+F%3BHirvonen%2C+A%3BBell%2C+D+A%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Badawi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-11-15&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=5230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-15 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitric oxide regulation of methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in caudate/putamen. AN - 77864887; 8616614 AB - A possible role for NO modulation of dopamine (DA) release in the caudate/putamen (CPU) during methamphetamine (METH) exposure was investigated using in vivo microdialysis in rats. Inclusion of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors NG-nitro-L-arginine (NOARG), NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or D-NAME (less potent inhibitor) in the microdialysis buffer prior to METH minimally affected basal levels of DA, DOPAC or HVA in CPU microdialysate. However, L-NAME and NOARG produced concentration-dependent decreases of up to 64% (100 microM) in CPU DA levels in microdialysate during exposure to four doses of METH (5 mg/kg i.p./2 h), with lesser effects on DOPAC or HVA. Reversal of the NOARG inhibition was produced by inclusion of 500 microM of either L-arginine or L-citrulline in the microdialysate. D-NAME (100 microM) minimally affected levels of DA or metabolites. Paradoxically, inclusion of from 20 to 2 microM of the NOx generators isosorbide dinitrate (ISON) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in the microdialysis buffer decreased DA and DOPAC levels in microdialysate during METH exposure. This paradox might result from the concentrations of NOx produced by SNP or ISON being great and not regionally specific resulting in inhibition of DA release and/or synthesis while the NO generated endogenously during METH exposure may have localized and site-specific actions. Alternatively, NOx may inhibit NOS or other enzymes in the NO synthesis pathway, thereby reducing levels of an intermediate (other than NO) which potentiates DA release. In their entirety, our results indicate that NO generation in the CPU may augment the release of DA during METH exposure. JF - Brain research AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Clausing, P AU - Gough, B AU - Slikker, W AU - Holson, R R AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/11/13/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Nov 13 SP - 62 EP - 70 VL - 699 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Microdialysis KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Dopamine -- secretion KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Nitric Oxide -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Caudate Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Putamen -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77864887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Nitric+oxide+regulation+of+methamphetamine-induced+dopamine+release+in+caudate%2Fputamen.&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BClausing%2C+P%3BGough%2C+B%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BHolson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-11-13&rft.volume=699&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-06-12 N1 - Date created - 1996-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State laws on tobacco control--United States, 1995. AN - 77687210; 7476848 AB - State laws on smoke-free indoor air, youth access to tobacco products, advertising of tobacco products, and excise taxes on tobacco products are summarized. Legislation effective through June 30, 1995. CDC and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) identified state laws addressing tobacco control by using LEXIS, which is an on-line legal research data base, and NCI's State Cancer Legislative Database (SCLD), which is a data base of legislation. CDC and NCI conducted detailed analyses of the content of the laws to identify specific provisions. CDC and NCI identified 1,238 state laws that address tobacco-control-related issues. Most laws either enact restrictions or strengthen current legislation that restricts tobacco use, sales to minors, or advertising; however, some laws preempt stronger measures by local ordinances. At the state level, forty-six states and Washington, DC require smoke-free indoor air to some degree or in some public places. All states prohibit the sale and distribution of tobacco products to minors, but only nine states restrict advertising of tobacco products. All states tax cigarettes (average excise tax is 31.5 cents per pack); 42 states also tax chewing tobacco and snuff. State laws addressing tobacco control vary in relation to restrictiveness, enforcement and penalties, preemptions, and exceptions. The tables summarizing these laws are available through CDC's State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) system and through NCI's SCLD. This information can be used by policy makers at the state and local levels to plan and implement initiatives on youth access to tobacco products and on the use, promotion, advertising, and taxation of tobacco products. JF - MMWR. CDC surveillance summaries : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. CDC surveillance summaries AU - Shelton, D M AU - Alciati, M H AU - Chang, M M AU - Fishman, J A AU - Fues, L A AU - Michaels, J AU - Bazile, R J AU - Bridgers, J C AU - Rosenthal, J L AU - Kutty, L AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1995/11/03/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Nov 03 SP - 1 EP - 28 VL - 44 IS - 6 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Commerce -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Advertising as Topic -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Taxes -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Plants, Toxic KW - State Government KW - Tobacco UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77687210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.atitle=State+laws+on+tobacco+control--United+States%2C+1995.&rft.au=Shelton%2C+D+M%3BAlciati%2C+M+H%3BChang%2C+M+M%3BFishman%2C+J+A%3BFues%2C+L+A%3BMichaels%2C+J%3BBazile%2C+R+J%3BBridgers%2C+J+C%3BRosenthal%2C+J+L%3BKutty%2C+L&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-11-03&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+CDC+surveillance+summaries+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+CDC+surveillance+summaries&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-08 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of supplemental folic acid on valproic acid-induced embryotoxicity and tissue zinc levels in vivo. AN - 77927145; 8838251 AB - Valproic acid (VPA) is an anti-convulsant drug known to cause spina bifida in humans. Administration of the vitamin, folic acid, has been shown to decrease the recurrence and possibly also the occurrence of neural tube defects, primarily spina bifida, in humans. Additionally, treatment with a derivative (folinic acid) of folic acid has been reported to decrease the frequency of VPA-induced exencephaly in mice treated with the drug in vivo. A protective effect by folinic acid has not been observed in vitro. The purpose of this investigation was to reexamine the ability of folinic acid to decrease the incidence of VPA-induced neural tube defects in vivo. We also examined the effect of increased intake of folic acid on zinc levels in various maternal and embryonic tissues. Folinic acid, whether administered by intraperitoneal injection or in osmotic mini-pumps, did not decrease the number of mouse fetuses with VPA-induced exencephaly. Dietary supplementation with 10-20 times the daily required intake of folic acid in rodents also failed to decrease the embryotoxicity of VPA. Such dietary supplementation had no effect on zinc levels in maternal liver, brain, or kidney, nor in embryonic tissues. These results indicate that folic acid is not able to reverse the embryotoxicity induced by the anticonvulsant, that there is no apparent effect of high dietary folate intake on maternal or embryonic zinc levels and suggest that folate is probably not involved in the mechanism of VPA-induced embryotoxicity. JF - Teratology AU - Hansen, D K AU - Grafton, T F AU - Dial, S L AU - Gehring, T A AU - Siitonen, P H AD - Division of Reproductive Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 277 EP - 285 VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Anticonvulsants KW - 0 KW - Valproic Acid KW - 614OI1Z5WI KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Mice KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Valproic Acid -- toxicity KW - Folic Acid -- blood KW - Folic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Anticonvulsants -- toxicity KW - Zinc -- chemistry KW - Valproic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Folic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77927145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+supplemental+folic+acid+on+valproic+acid-induced+embryotoxicity+and+tissue+zinc+levels+in+vivo.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+D+K%3BGrafton%2C+T+F%3BDial%2C+S+L%3BGehring%2C+T+A%3BSiitonen%2C+P+H&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-12-12 N1 - Date created - 1996-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of preventable industrial causes of occupational cancer. AN - 77896727; 8741783 AB - This paper summarizes what is known about preventable causes of occupational cancer, including single agents, complex mixtures, and broad occupational associations. Epidemiologic methods have been very successful in documenting cancer risks associated with single agents. Epidemiologic data are most conclusive when an exposure-response relationship can be demonstrated. Examples of agents for which epidemiologic studies provide evidence of an exposure-response relationship include benzene and (concurrent exposure to) ortho-toluidine and aniline. Vinyl chloride and bischloromethyl ether are examples of associations between single agents and rare histologic types of cancer. It is more difficult to conduct epidemiologic studies to identify cancer risks associated with complex mixtures. Studies of diesel exhaust and lung cancer and metal machining oils are cited as having employed advanced industrial hygiene and epidemiologic methods for studies of complex mixtures. Elevated cancer risks have also been identified in broad occupational groups, including painters and dry cleaners. Epidemiologic case-control studies are often used to detect such associations but are limited in their abilities to detect the causal agents. Major gaps exist in knowledge of occupational cancer risks among women workers and workers of color. Because epidemiologic research measures illness and mortality that have already occurred, a positive study can be interpreted to represent a failure in prevention. The challenge we face in the next decade is to identify interventions earlier in the causal pathway (toxicologic testing, biomarkers of exposure or precancerous changes, institution of engineering and good industrial hygiene practices to reduce occupational exposure levels) so that occupational cancer can be prevented. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Ward, E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 197 EP - 203 VL - 103 Suppl 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupations KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77896727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Overview+of+preventable+industrial+causes+of+occupational+cancer.&rft.au=Ward%2C+E&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103+Suppl+8&rft.issue=&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-30 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Occup Med. 1971 Feb;13(2):53-68 [5546197] J Occup Med. 1994 Nov;36(11):1199-203 [7861263] Am J Public Health. 1981 Mar;71(3):305-7 [7468868] Environ Health Perspect. 1981 Oct;41:107-13 [7199426] Am J Ind Med. 1981;2(3):217-45 [7345926] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1982 Dec;69(6):1265-70 [6958903] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1983 Aug;44(8):600-5 [6624647] Am J Public Health. 1984 Nov;74(11):1278-80 [6496825] N Engl J Med. 1987 Apr 23;316(17):1044-50 [3561457] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1988 Apr;14(2):61-78 [3387962] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1988;14 Suppl 1:29-30 [3393872] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989 Oct 4;81(19):1472-80 [2778834] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989 Oct 4;81(19):1480-3 [2778835] Environ Health Perspect. 1989 Jul;82:299-307 [2792048] Br J Ind Med. 1990 Mar;47(3):162-8 [2328223] Am J Public Health. 1990 Jun;80(6):670-4 [1693040] Science. 1990 Aug 31;249(4972):970-1 [2136249] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(1):67-74 [1989439] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991 Apr 3;83(7):501-6 [2005633] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1991 Dec;52(12):529-41 [1723577] Am J Ind Med. 1992;21(6):887-90 [1621697] Am J Ind Med. 1992;22(6):809-24 [1463027] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1992 Dec;18(6):351-60 [1485160] Am J Ind Med. 1993 May;23(5):729-42 [8506851] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Apr;100:201-10 [8354167] Am J Public Health. 1993 Sep;83(9):1311-5 [8363008] Epidemiol Rev. 1993;15(1):157-62 [8405198] J Occup Med. 1994 Aug;36(8):842-7 [7807263] J Occup Med. 1994 Aug;36(8):867-74 [7807267] JAMA. 1981 Jan 9;245(2):147-52 [7452829] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating avoidable causes of cancer. AN - 77878983; 8741803 AB - Evidence that much cancer is preventable derives from observations of time trends and geographic patterns of cancer, birth cohort changes, high risks in groups with well-defined exposures, and experimental studies. In an effort to identify additional opportunities for reducing the impact of cancer on society, this conference assessed avoidable causes of cancer. The magnitude and extent of preventable causes of cancer are subjects of intense debate, with discrepancies often related to the use of different time frames and different weights for epidemiologic and toxicologic evidence. There is much agreement, however, about the exposures that increase risk, notably tobacco, alcohol, diet, radiation, medications, occupational exposures, general environmental exposures, and infectious agents. Interactions between carcinogenic exposures and genetic susceptibility are also important. Concerted efforts are needed to identify avoidable causes of cancer and to apply knowledge already obtained to reduce the cancer burden. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Davis, D L AU - Muir, C AD - Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA. DDAVIS@OASH.SSW.DHHS.GOV Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 301 EP - 306 VL - 103 Suppl 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- adverse effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Alcohol Drinking -- adverse effects KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Diet -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77878983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Estimating+avoidable+causes+of+cancer.&rft.au=Davis%2C+D+L%3BMuir%2C+C&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103+Suppl+8&rft.issue=&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-09-30 N1 - Date created - 1996-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Lancet. 1982 Apr 24;1(8278):946-9 [6122780] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:297-300 [8741802] Int J Cancer. 1986 Feb 15;37(2):173-7 [3455923] Lancet. 1990 Aug 25;336(8713):474-81 [1974997] Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1990 Oct;4(4):464-9 [2267188] Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Oct 1;134(7):675-88 [1951272] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1992 Mar 4;84(5):313-20 [1738181] BMJ. 1992 Mar 28;304(6830):801-5 [1392706] Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 1992;40(6):425-30 [1287741] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Dec 15;136(12):1423-36 [1288272] Lancet. 1993 Mar 27;341(8848):773-7 [8095997] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Apr;100:39-44 [8354180] Nutr Health. 1993;9(1):15-23 [8414270] BMJ. 1993 Dec 11;307(6918):1519-24 [8274920] JAMA. 1994 Feb 9;271(6):431-7 [8295317] Epidemiol Rev. 1993;15(2):558-66 [8174671] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995 Feb 1;87(3):175-82 [7707404] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Dec;102(12):1088-96 [7713022] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:131-42 [8741773] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:149-52 [8741775] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:153-60 [8741776] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:161-3 [8741777] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:165-70 [8741778] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:171-5 [8741779] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:177-84 [8741780] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:185-9 [8741781] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:191-6 [8741782] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:197-203 [8741783] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:205-8 [8741784] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:219-24 [8741787] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:225-31 [8741788] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:233-6 [8741789] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:237-9 [8741790] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:241-3 [8741791] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:245-9 [8741792] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:251-4 [8741793] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:255-7 [8741794] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:259-61 [8741795] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:263-8 [8741796] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:269-73 [8741797] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Nov;103 Suppl 8:291-5 [8741801] N Engl J Med. 1984 Mar 15;310(11):697-703 [6321984] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Damage to DNA by cadmium or nickel in the presence of ascorbate. AN - 77836267; 8572557 AB - The interactive effects of the anti-oxidant ascorbate (Asc) and the metals cadmium (Cd, as CdCl2) or nickel (Ni, as NiCl2) on the in vitro formation of breaks in double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (d/s DNA) were determined. Concentrations of 50 microM Cd or 200 microM Ni were dosed for 4 hours in factorial combinations with 500 microM Asc in RPMI 1640 medium (7 percent bovine serum) in which AHH-1 TK+/- cells (a spontaneously transformed human B lymphoblastoid cell line by Gentest Corp.) were replicating. In combination with Asc, Cd caused significant d/s DNA breaks (p < 0.01, n = 5), while Cd in the absence of Asc produced only a slight (but not significantly different) amount of d/s DNA damage when compared to the cells with no Cd added. The Asc alone was not damaging. The Cd caused damage to the d/s DNA only when Asc was present. The percent of d/s DNA remaining following the respective treatments was: +Cd+Asc, 13 +/- 3; +Cd-Asc, 46 +/- 8; -Cd+Asc, 54 +/- 5; -Cd-Asc, 55 +/- 7. Conversely, the presence of Ni resulted in increased amounts (percent) of d/s DNA compared to control values: +Ni+Asc, 63 +/- 5; +Ni-Asc, 58 +/- 5; -Ni+Asc, 52 +/- 1; -Ni-Asc, 51 +/- 4, (p < 0.05, n = 3). The contrasting results between Cd and Ni in the presence of Asc may reside in the point of action; while Cd acts directly on DNA, Ni is reported to act on heterochromatin. Although Asc is a recognized anti-oxidant, its presence in the media mixture potentiated d/s DNA damage from the Cd. This may be caused by a Fenton-type reaction in which an antioxidant in the presence of metal generates hydroxyl radicals and consequently d/s DNA breaks. Oxidative reactions between metals, oxygen, and antioxidants such as Asc may represent an important mechanism of cell death, toxicity, and transformation. JF - Annals of clinical and laboratory science AU - Littlefield, N A AU - Hass, B S AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 485 EP - 492 VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0091-7370, 0091-7370 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - B-Lymphocytes KW - Cell Line KW - Cadmium -- pharmacology KW - Nickel -- pharmacology KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77836267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+clinical+and+laboratory+science&rft.atitle=Damage+to+DNA+by+cadmium+or+nickel+in+the+presence+of+ascorbate.&rft.au=Littlefield%2C+N+A%3BHass%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Littlefield&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+clinical+and+laboratory+science&rft.issn=00917370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-07 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of observed correlation structure among tumor types on experimentwise false positive rate in animal carcinogenicity studies. AN - 77826024; 8580928 AB - Probabilities P1, P2, ..., Pn of n events E1, E2, ..., En can impose constraints on the probability of a further event E. deFinetti's fundamental theorem of probability characterizes the interval of coherent probability of E. Lad, Dickey, and Rahman (5) extended deFinetti's theorem in a few directions. In this work we will show some applications of these results to the calculation of experimentwise false positive error rate in multiple hypotheses testing procedure. JF - Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics AU - Rahman, M A AD - Division of Biometrics, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 273 EP - 283 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1054-3406, 1054-3406 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Probability Theory KW - Mathematics KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - False Positive Reactions KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77826024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.atitle=Effects+of+observed+correlation+structure+among+tumor+types+on+experimentwise+false+positive+rate+in+animal+carcinogenicity+studies.&rft.au=Rahman%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.issn=10543406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-19 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Airway responsiveness and job selection: a study in coal miners and non-mining controls. AN - 77825233; 8535494 AB - It has been suggested that health related job selection is a major cause of the healthy worker effect, and may result in inaccurate estimates of health risks of exposures in the working environment. Improved understanding of self selection, including the role of airway hyperresponsiveness, should improve accuracy in estimating occupational risks. We evaluated symptoms of the respiratory tract, lung function, occupational and smoking histories, and airway responsiveness from a cross sectional survey of 478 underground bituminous coal miners and non-mining controls. Workers with abnormal spirometry were excluded from methacholine testing. Methacholine responsiveness (> or = 15% decline in forced expiratory volume in one second) was associated in both miners and controls with reduced ventilatory lung function and an increased risk of respiratory symptoms. Miners with the longest duration of work at the coal face had a low prevalence of methacholine responsiveness, compared with miners who had never worked at the coal face (12% v 39%, P < 0.01). Throughout their mining careers, miners who responded to methacholine were consistently less likely to have worked in dusty jobs than miners who did not respond to methacholine. These results provide evidence that workers who are employed in dusty jobs are less likely than their unexposed coworkers to show increased non-specific airway responsiveness, presumably as a result of health related job selection. Surveys of workers in which responsiveness data are unavailable may underestimate the effects of dust exposure on respiratory health. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Petsonk, E L AU - Daniloff, E M AU - Mannino, D M AU - Wang, M L AU - Short, S R AU - Wagner, G R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 745 EP - 749 VL - 52 IS - 11 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - Bronchoconstrictor Agents KW - 0 KW - Methacholine Chloride KW - 0W5ETF9M2K KW - Index Medicus KW - Healthy Worker Effect KW - Vital Capacity KW - Humans KW - Bronchial Provocation Tests KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Forced Expiratory Volume KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Coal Mining KW - Lung -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77825233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Airway+responsiveness+and+job+selection%3A+a+study+in+coal+miners+and+non-mining+controls.&rft.au=Petsonk%2C+E+L%3BDaniloff%2C+E+M%3BMannino%2C+D+M%3BWang%2C+M+L%3BShort%2C+S+R%3BWagner%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Petsonk&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=745&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-08 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1971 Jan;103(1):57-67 [5540840] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 Jul;146(1):47-52 [1626813] Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir. 1978 Mar-Apr;14(2):167-75 [754833] J Occup Med. 1981 Jan;23(1):44-8 [7205416] Am J Hosp Pharm. 1981 Jun;38(6):868-71 [7246561] Chest. 1982 Jul;82(1):15-8 [7083928] Thorax. 1982 Mar;37(3):193-7 [6980496] Br J Ind Med. 1984 May;41(2):267-71 [6722054] Chest. 1984 Jun;85(6):782-6 [6723390] Chest. 1984 Jul;86(1):3-4 [6734287] Chest. 1984 Jul;86(1):54-7 [6734292] Thorax. 1985 Jan;40(1):9-16 [3969664] Thorax. 1985 Feb;40(2):132-7 [3975864] J Occup Med. 1992 Oct;34(10):979-88 [1403198] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 Dec;146(6):1474-9 [1456563] Eur Respir J. 1994 Jan;7(1):165-72 [8143817] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985 Jul;132(1):120-4 [4014856] Chest. 1985 Oct;88(4):608-17 [3899533] Br J Ind Med. 1986 Jan;43(1):29-36 [3947559] Br J Ind Med. 1986 Mar;43(3):150-7 [3947576] Br J Ind Med. 1986 Apr;43(4):263-71 [3964575] Br J Ind Med. 1986 May;43(5):307-20 [3707868] Br J Ind Med. 1987 May;44(5):289-91 [3593659] Thorax. 1989 Feb;44(2):116-20 [2648647] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Sep;140(3 Pt 2):S85-91 [2675712] Environ Res. 1990 Oct;53(1):16-28 [2226376] Respiration. 1990;57(3):137-44 [2274712] J Occup Med. 1991 Sep;33(9):1007-10 [1744739] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1976 Mar;113(3):305-14 [1259240] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the katG and inhA genes of isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AN - 77817865; 8585728 AB - Resistance to isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been associated with mutations in genes encoding the mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase (katG) and the InhA protein (inhA). Among the 26 isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates evaluated in this study, mutations in putative inhA regulatory sequences were identified in 2 catalase-positive isolates, katG gene alterations were detected in 20 strains, and 4 isolates had wild-type katG and inhA genes. Mutations in the katG gene were detected in all 11 catalase-negative isolates: one frameshift insertion, two partial gene deletions, and nine different missense mutations were identified. An arginine-to-leucine substitution at position 463 was detected in nine catalase-positive isolates. However, site-directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that the presence of a leucine at codon 463 did not alter the activity of the M. tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase and did not affect the capacity of this enzyme to restore isoniazid susceptibility to isoniazid-resistant, KatG-defective Mycobacterium smegmatis BH1 cells. These studies further support the association between katG and inhA gene mutations and isoniazid resistance in M. tuberculosis, while also suggesting that other undefined mechanisms of isoniazid resistance exist. JF - Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy AU - Rouse, D A AU - Li, Z AU - Bai, G H AU - Morris, S L AD - Laboratory of Mycobacteria, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 2472 EP - 2477 VL - 39 IS - 11 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Antitubercular Agents KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Peroxidases KW - EC 1.11.1.- KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - catalase HPI KW - InhA protein, Mycobacterium KW - EC 1.3.1.9 KW - Isoniazid KW - V83O1VOZ8L KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Catalase -- metabolism KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Humans KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Drug Resistance, Microbial KW - Isoniazid -- pharmacology KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Peroxidases -- genetics KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- genetics KW - Antitubercular Agents -- pharmacology KW - Genes, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Tuberculosis -- microbiology KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77817865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+katG+and+inhA+genes+of+isoniazid-resistant+clinical+isolates+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis.&rft.au=Rouse%2C+D+A%3BLi%2C+Z%3BBai%2C+G+H%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Rouse&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2472&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+agents+and+chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-20 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Nov 15;1080(3):215-20 [1954228] Mol Microbiol. 1995 Mar;15(6):1009-15 [7623658] Ann Intern Med. 1992 Aug 1;117(3):257-9 [1296597] Nature. 1992 Aug 13;358(6387):591-3 [1501713] Science. 1992 Aug 21;257(5073):1055-64 [1509256] J Gen Microbiol. 1992 Nov;138(11):2363-70 [1336034] Res Microbiol. 1992 Sep;143(7):721-30 [1488556] N Engl J Med. 1993 Feb 25;328(8):521-6 [8381207] J Bacteriol. 1988 Sep;170(9):4415-9 [3045098] J Bacteriol. 1989 Sep;171(9):4871-5 [2670897] Genomics. 1989 Nov;5(4):874-9 [2687159] Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Oct;224(1):147-51 [2277629] Infect Immun. 1991 Aug;59(8):2595-600 [1713196] Methods Enzymol. 1991;204:537-55 [1658570] Lancet. 1993 Mar 13;341(8846):647-50 [8095569] Mol Microbiol. 1993 Feb;7(3):407-17 [8459767] Science. 1993 May 7;260(5109):819-22 [8484123] J Bacteriol. 1993 Jul;175(13):4255-9 [8320241] Mol Microbiol. 1993 May;8(3):521-4 [8392139] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Oct;37(10):2251-3 [8257155] Science. 1994 Jan 14;263(5144):227-30 [8284673] Tuber Lung Dis. 1994 Feb;75(1):1-7 [8161760] Lancet. 1994 Jul 30;344(8918):293-8 [7914261] J Infect Dis. 1995 Jan;171(1):240-5 [7798673] Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Nov 29;48(11):2033-42 [7802692] Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1995 Feb;119(2):131-8 [7848059] Science. 1995 Mar 17;267(5204):1638-41 [7886450] Infect Immun. 1995 Apr;63(4):1427-33 [7890405] J Infect Dis. 1995 Apr;171(4):954-60 [7706824] Mol Microbiol. 1995 Jan;15(2):235-45 [7746145] Ann Intern Med. 1992 Aug 1;117(3):177-83 [1616211] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decreased dominance in a limited access test but normal maternal behavior in micrencephalic rats. AN - 77816498; 8577890 AB - Micrencephalic offspring produced by gestational treatment with the antimitotic compound/methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) are remarkable for substantial preservation of function concurrent with severe neural stunting. Altered behaviors in these micrencephalics, including light shyness and response perseveration, are similar to those produced by frontal cortex lesions. Consistent with this, the frontal cortex is one of several regions severely stunted by gestational MAM treatment. Because the frontal cortex has been implicated in rodent social behavior, maternal behavior in females and dominance in both sexes were assessed. Dominance was measured via water competition in 24-h water-deprived dyads (1 control and 1 MAM) matched for sex and body weight. Micrencephalic rats exhibited shorter drinking time than controls (males: 101 vs. 219 s, p < 0.001; females: 114 vs. 176 s, p < 0.03), indicating that micrencephalics were more submissive. For maternal behavior tests, micrencephalic and control females were bred to control males and pup retrieval was measured on postnatal days 3-13. Micrencephalic dams were unimpaired in any aspect of pup retrieval. Of 8 standard behavior measures used here and previously, access time in water competition tests produced the clearest differentiation between control and micrencephalic rats. These studies indicate that at least one aspect of social dominance in both sexes is severely reduced by MAM treatment while maternal behavior remains intact. JF - Physiology & behavior AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Arrowood, J W AU - Schultetus, R S AU - Holson, R R AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 929 EP - 934 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 0031-9384, 0031-9384 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate KW - 592-62-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Litter Size -- drug effects KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- toxicity KW - Organ Size -- physiology KW - Birth Weight -- drug effects KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Male KW - Sexual Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Microcephaly -- pathology KW - Maternal Behavior -- physiology KW - Microcephaly -- chemically induced KW - Social Dominance KW - Microcephaly -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77816498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=Decreased+dominance+in+a+limited+access+test+but+normal+maternal+behavior+in+micrencephalic+rats.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A%3BArrowood%2C+J+W%3BSchultetus%2C+R+S%3BHolson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-14 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation of the Jak/STAT signalling pathway. AN - 77812844; 8593242 JF - Cellular signalling AU - Finbloom, D S AU - Larner, A C AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Cytokine Biology, Bethesda, MD 20892-4555, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 739 EP - 745 VL - 7 IS - 8 SN - 0898-6568, 0898-6568 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - Proteins KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - Receptors, Cytokine KW - STAT1 Transcription Factor KW - STAT2 Transcription Factor KW - STAT3 Transcription Factor KW - Stat1 protein, mouse KW - Stat3 protein, mouse KW - Trans-Activators KW - Transcription Factors KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - JAK1 protein, human KW - EC 2.7.10.2 KW - JAK2 protein, human KW - JAK3 protein, human KW - Jak1 protein, mouse KW - Jak2 protein, mouse KW - Jak3 protein, mouse KW - Janus Kinase 1 KW - Janus Kinase 2 KW - Janus Kinase 3 KW - TYK2 Kinase KW - TYK2 protein, human KW - Tyk2 protein, mouse KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - PTPN11 protein, human KW - EC 3.1.3.48 KW - PTPN6 protein, human KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases KW - Ptpn11 protein, mouse KW - Ptpn6 protein, mouse KW - SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases -- metabolism KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Proteins -- physiology KW - src Homology Domains KW - Phosphorylation KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Receptors, Cytokine -- physiology KW - Multigene Family KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Protein Kinase C -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Monocytes -- metabolism KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Monocytes -- drug effects KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- physiology KW - Trans-Activators -- physiology KW - Protein Kinase C -- physiology KW - Transcription Factors -- physiology KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77812844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+signalling&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+the+Jak%2FSTAT+signalling+pathway.&rft.au=Finbloom%2C+D+S%3BLarner%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Finbloom&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+signalling&rft.issn=08986568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-04-08 N1 - Date created - 1996-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing deaths in Alaska's fishing industry. AN - 77810990; 8570821 JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Conway, G A AU - Lincoln, J M AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Anchorage, Alaska, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 700 VL - 110 IS - 6 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Drowning -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Drowning -- mortality KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Fisheries -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Fisheries -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77810990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Preventing+deaths+in+Alaska%27s+fishing+industry.&rft.au=Conway%2C+G+A%3BLincoln%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=700&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-01 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Life Sci. 1980 Nov 24;27(21):1985-90 [6111007] JAMA. 1990 Jun 13;263(22):3047-50 [2342216] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Back pain among workers in the United States: national estimates and workers at high risk. AN - 77777637; 8561169 AB - Back pain accounts for about one fourth of workers' compensation claims in the United States. The Occupational Health Supplement to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey provided an opportunity to assess the scope of this problem. The 30,074 respondents who worked in the 12 months before the interview were defined as "workers", and those with back pain every day for a week or more during that period were defined as "cases." A weighting factor was applied to the answers to derive national estimates. In 1988, about 22.4 million back pain cases (prevalence 17.6%) were responsible for 149.1 million lost workdays; 65% of cases were attributable to occupational activities. For back pain attributed to activities at work, the risk was highest for construction laborers among males (prevalence 22.6%) and nursing aides among females (18.8%). Our analyses show that back pain is a major cause of morbidity and lost production for U.S. workers and identifies previously unrecognized high risk occupations, such as carpenters, automobile mechanics, maids, janitors, and hairdressers, for future research and prevention. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Guo, H R AU - Tanaka, S AU - Cameron, L L AU - Seligman, P J AU - Behrens, V J AU - Ger, J AU - Wild, D K AU - Putz-Anderson, V AD - Surveillance Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 591 EP - 602 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupations KW - Sex Distribution KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Age Distribution KW - Back Pain -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77777637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Back+pain+among+workers+in+the+United+States%3A+national+estimates+and+workers+at+high+risk.&rft.au=Guo%2C+H+R%3BTanaka%2C+S%3BCameron%2C+L+L%3BSeligman%2C+P+J%3BBehrens%2C+V+J%3BGer%2C+J%3BWild%2C+D+K%3BPutz-Anderson%2C+V&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silica exposure and autoimmune diseases. AN - 77772208; 8561170 AB - There have long been case reports linking silica exposure to a variety of autoimmune diseases (systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, chronic renal disease). Evidence of this association in larger epidemiologic studies has been increasing in the last decade. We summarize this evidence here, and present some plausible mechanisms which have been discussed in the literature. The link between silica exposure and autoimmune disease may have been missed in cohort mortality studies because autoimmune diseases are rarely underlying causes of death. Similarly, case-control studies of autoimmune diseases have often failed to consider occupational exposure to silica. Further research is needed in occupationally exposed populations to verify this association. The link between respirable silica exposure and autoimmune disease may have some bearing on the possible association between silicone breast implants and autoimmune disease, although the nature of the silica involved is quite different in the two situations. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Steenland, K AU - Goldsmith, D F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 603 EP - 608 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Female KW - Silicosis -- complications KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- etiology KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77772208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Silica+exposure+and+autoimmune+diseases.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BGoldsmith%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-26 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA Total Diet Study, July 1986-April 1991, dietary intakes of pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals. AN - 77768290; 8664570 AB - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration conducts the Total Diet Study to determine dietary intakes of selected pesticides, industrial chemicals, and elements (including radionuclides). This paper reports results for the sampling period July 1986 to April 1991. The study involves retail purchase of foods representative of the ¿total diet¿ of the U.S. population, preparation for ¿table-ready¿ consumption, and individual analyses of 234 items making up the diets of 8 population groups. The diets were based on 2 nationwide food consumption surveys. The data presented represent 21 food collections (also termed ¿market baskets¿) in regional metropolitan areas during the 5-year period. Dietary intakes of nearly 120 analytes are presented for 8 population groups, which range from infants to elderly adults. Intakes of selected population groups are compared with representative findings from earlier Total Diet Study sampling periods. As reported previously, average daily intakes are well below acceptable limits. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Gunderson, E L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages, Division of Programs and Enforcement Policy, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1353 EP - 1363 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Trace Elements KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Arsenic -- analysis KW - Cadmium -- analysis KW - Food Analysis KW - Humans KW - Mercury -- analysis KW - Aged KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Contamination, Radioactive -- analysis KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Diet Surveys KW - Trace Elements -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77768290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=FDA+Total+Diet+Study%2C+July+1986-April+1991%2C+dietary+intakes+of+pesticides%2C+selected+elements%2C+and+other+chemicals.&rft.au=Gunderson%2C+E+L&rft.aulast=Gunderson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino) benzoate in commercial sunscreens and cosmetic products. AN - 77766717; 8664573 AB - An analytical method has been developed for determination of 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino) benzoate (NMPABAO), a nitrosamine contaminant in sunscreen products containing 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N,N-dimethylamino) benzoate (Padimate O). The method involves extraction of NMPABAO by column chromatography followed by liquid chromatographic separation and analysis wit a nitric oxide detector. To confirm the presence of NMPABAO in sunscreen products, the N-nitrosamine was synthesized and its structure was determined by infrared spectrophotometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and mass spectrometry (MS). For method validation, recovery studies were performed on a commercial suntan lotion, cream, and gel. Recoveries of NMPABAO added to representative test samples averaged 83%. The method has an estimated detection limit of 30 ppb. The method was used to analyze 25 commercial cosmetic and sunscreen products containing Padimate O. Eleven products contained NMPABAO at levels ranging from 160 to 21000 ppb. NMPABAO presence in 4 products was confirmed by MS at levels > or = 4000 ppb. The highest levels of NMPABAO were associated with products that contained the nitrite-releasing preservative 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Chou, H J AU - Yates, R L AU - Havery, D C AU - Wenninger, J A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1378 EP - 1383 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Cosmetics KW - Nitrosamines KW - Sunscreening Agents KW - 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino) benzoate KW - 122021-01-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrophotometry, Infrared KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Data Collection KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Sunscreening Agents -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- chemical synthesis KW - Cosmetics -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77766717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+2-ethylhexyl+4-%28N-methyl-N-nitrosamino%29+benzoate+in+commercial+sunscreens+and+cosmetic+products.&rft.au=Chou%2C+H+J%3BYates%2C+R+L%3BHavery%2C+D+C%3BWenninger%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1378&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incomplete data sets: coping with inadequate databases. AN - 77755800; 8664590 AB - Three problems arise in handling numerical values in databases: bad data, missing data, and sloppy data. The effects of bad data are mitigated by using statistical subterfuges such as robust statistics or outlier removal. Missing data are replaced by creating a substitute through interpolation or by using statistics appropriate to unbalanced designs. Sloppy, semiquantitative data are relegated to innocuous positions by using nonparametric, rank, or attribute statistics. These techniques are illustrated by the telephone directory, a database of carcinogenicity test results, and a database of precision parameters derived from method performance (collaborative) studies. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Albert, R H AU - Horwitz, W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (HFS-500), Washington, DC 20204, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1513 EP - 1515 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chemistry KW - Telephone KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data KW - Databases, Factual KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77755800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Incomplete+data+sets%3A+coping+with+inadequate+databases.&rft.au=Albert%2C+R+H%3BHorwitz%2C+W&rft.aulast=Albert&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization of a liquid chromatographic method for determination of malachite green and its metabolites in fish tissues. AN - 77739456; 8664575 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was adapted and optimized for the determination of malachite green and its metabolites in fish plasma and muscle. Residues in plasma were extracted with acetonitrile, the extract was evaporated to dryness, and residues were resolubilized for LC analysis. Residues in muscle were extracted with an acetonitrile-acetate buffer mixture, reextracted with acetonitrile, and partitioned into methylene chloride with final cleanup on alumni and propylsulfonic acid solid-phase extraction columns. Residue levels were determined by using an LC cyano column with a PbO2 postcolumn and visible detection (618 nm). Overall mean recoveries of parent malachite green (MG-C) and its major metabolite, leuco-malachite green (MG-L), from plasma were 93 and 87%,respectively, at fortification levels ranging from 25 to 250 ppb. Overall mean recoveries of MG-C and MG-L from muscle were 85 and 95%, respectively, at fortification levels ranging from 5 to 100 ppb. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of recoveries at all fortification levels ranged from 3.9 to 7.0% for plasma and from 2.1 to 5.2% for muscle. The method was applied to incurred residues in tissues sampled from catfish after waterborne exposure to [14C]MG-C. Mean recoveries of total radioactive residues in plasma and muscle throughout the extraction and cleanup process were 88 and 87%, respectively, and corresponding RSDs for MG-C and MG-L were in the same range as those for fortified tissues. MG-L was confirmed as the major metabolite of MG-C in catfish. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Plakas, S M AU - el Said, K R AU - Stehly, G R AU - Roybal, J E AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1388 EP - 1394 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Rosaniline Dyes KW - malachite green KW - 12058M7ORO KW - leucomalachite green KW - 8U61G37Z20 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- analysis KW - Muscles -- metabolism KW - Ictaluridae -- metabolism KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- metabolism KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- metabolism KW - Aniline Compounds -- analysis KW - Ictaluridae -- blood KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77739456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+a+liquid+chromatographic+method+for+determination+of+malachite+green+and+its+metabolites+in+fish+tissues.&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M%3Bel+Said%2C+K+R%3BStehly%2C+G+R%3BRoybal%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1388&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental toxicity of sodium fluoride in rats. AN - 77722200; 7590543 AB - Despite the chronic exposure of the US population to fluoridated drinking water since the 1940s, existing studies have been judged inadequate to determine any potential reproductive or developmental hazard. This study was conducted to determine the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on foetal development. Sperm-positive female rats were given 0, 10, 25, 100, 175 or 250 ppm NaF daily throughout gestation. They were dosed by drinking water to mimic human exposure to fluoridated water. No dose-related behavioural changes or maternal clinical signs were noted. Fluid consumption by females in the 175- and 250-ppm groups was significantly less than that of the control females. Because of this decreased fluid consumption, the daily amount of NaF ingested (0, 1.4, 3.9, 15.6, 24.7 and 25.1 mg/kg body weight) was less than expected at the two high levels. Feed consumption decreased significantly at 250 ppm, and body weights of pregnant females reflected feed consumption trends. The mean number of viable foetuses per female in all treated groups was similar to that of the control group. The significant decrease in the mean number of implants per litter in the 250-ppm group is probably linked to the lower mean number of corpora lutea in this group. The occurrence of in utero deaths was similar in the control and treated groups. Foetal growth (in terms of foetal body weight and crown-rump length) was not affected by NaF, despite the fact that the dams in the 250-ppm group ate significantly less feed and drank significantly less fluid. There was no dose-related increase in the number of external anomalies in foetuses due to NaF ingestion. At the doses given, NaF had no effect on the development of specific bones, including sternebrae. A significant increase was seen in the average number of foetuses with three or more skeletal variations in the 250-ppm group; the number of litters with foetuses with three or more skeletal variations was increased in the 250-ppm group also, but the increase was not significant. There was no dose-related effect of NaF on the incidence of soft tissue variations. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Collins, T F AU - Sprando, R L AU - Shackelford, M E AU - Black, T N AU - Ames, M J AU - Welsh, J J AU - Balmer, M F AU - Olejnik, N AU - Ruggles, D I AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 951 EP - 960 VL - 33 IS - 11 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Fluorides, Topical KW - 0 KW - Sodium Fluoride KW - 8ZYQ1474W7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Fluorides, Topical -- toxicity KW - Fluorides, Topical -- administration & dosage KW - Sodium Fluoride -- administration & dosage KW - Sodium Fluoride -- toxicity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77722200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Developmental+toxicity+of+sodium+fluoride+in+rats.&rft.au=Collins%2C+T+F%3BSprando%2C+R+L%3BShackelford%2C+M+E%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BAmes%2C+M+J%3BWelsh%2C+J+J%3BBalmer%2C+M+F%3BOlejnik%2C+N%3BRuggles%2C+D+I&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential sensitivity to loss of cytosine methyl groups within the hepatic p53 gene of folate/methyl deficient rats. AN - 77705355; 7586211 AB - Dietary folate/methyl deficiency provides a unique model of endogenous hepatocarcinogenesis in which to study progressive alterations in DNA methylation patterns during tumor progression in vivo. Weanling male F344 rats were given a semi-purified diet deficient in the methyl donors choline, methionine and folic acid for a period of 9 weeks. Using a genomic sequencing procedure based on the PCR amplification of bisulfite-modified DNA, the methylation status of individual CpG sites within exons 6 and 7 of the p53 gene in liver samples from control and deficient rats was determined. Treatment of denatured nuclear DNA with sodium bisulfite quantitatively converts all cytosine residues to uracil which are then amplified as thymine in the PCR reaction. In contrast, 5-methylcytosine is resistant to bisulfite deamination under the reaction conditions and is amplified as cytosine. Automated sequencing of bisulfite-modified DNA will then elucidate the methylation status of each cytosine residue within a defined gene sequence. In addition to evaluation of the methylation status of the p53 gene, the relative activity of the DNA methyltransferase was also quantified in nuclear extracts from control and folate/methyl deficient rats. The results indicate that specific 5-methyl cytosines within the hepatic p53 gene from methyl deficient rats are resistant to demethylation despite the diet-induced decrease in S-adenosylmethionine and the increase in cell proliferation associated with this dietary intervention. Progressive demethylation was observed at other methylated cytosine residues in folate/methyl deficient rats after 9 weeks despite a paradoxical increase in DNA methyltransferase activity. The application of this sequence-specific technology will allow the definition of the methylation status of every CpG site within a coding sequence or promoter region and should provide new insights into mechanisms and consequences of methylation dysregulation during progressive multistage carcinogenesis. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Pogribny, I P AU - Poirier, L A AU - James, S J AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 2863 EP - 2867 VL - 16 IS - 11 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - 7LP2MPO46S KW - Cytosine KW - 8J337D1HZY KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - S-Adenosylmethionine -- metabolism KW - Methylation KW - Male KW - Genes, p53 KW - Folic Acid Deficiency -- genetics KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Cytosine -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77705355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Differential+sensitivity+to+loss+of+cytosine+methyl+groups+within+the+hepatic+p53+gene+of+folate%2Fmethyl+deficient+rats.&rft.au=Pogribny%2C+I+P%3BPoirier%2C+L+A%3BJames%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Pogribny&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2863&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-28 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the allergen(s) in latex protein extracts. AN - 77698583; 7499680 AB - Immediate hypersensitivity to latex, induced by natural latex proteins remaining on the finished products, may lead to severe anaphylactic reactions. We investigated the distribution of latex proteins by molecular weight and identified the specific allergenic molecules. Proteins extracted from various latex products were compared with those extracted from raw latex sap, both ammoniated and nonammoniated. Variations in the levels of extractable protein, as well as in the number of molecules and the molecular weight distribution, were observed especially among finished latex products. To identify allergenic (i.e., IgE-binding) molecules, we performed immunoblots with the sera from latex-sensitive persons. The results indicated that antigenic molecule profiles differed among the products and also between the finished products and the raw material. In addition, specificities of the anti-latex IgE antibodies varied among the sensitized persons. It appeared that persons with the same history of sensitization had similar patterns of antigenic specificities. If the history of exposure, as well as genetic predisposition and medical history of the patient, plays a significant role in the specific IgE response, it may be difficult to select a "standard" antigen and a "standard" antiserum for the evaluation of the latex sensitivity and allergenicity. JF - The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology AU - Tomazic, V J AU - Withrow, T J AU - Hamilton, R G AD - FDA, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Md 20852, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 SP - 635 EP - 642 VL - 96 IS - 5 Pt 1 SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Epitopes KW - Latex KW - Plant Proteins KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Immunoblotting KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate -- immunology KW - Occupational Diseases -- immunology KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Anaphylaxis -- immunology KW - Molecular Weight KW - Immunoglobulin E -- analysis KW - Adult KW - Health Personnel KW - Antibody Specificity -- immunology KW - Epitopes -- immunology KW - Latex -- adverse effects KW - Plant Proteins -- analysis KW - Plant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Latex -- chemistry KW - Allergens -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77698583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+allergen%28s%29+in+latex+protein+extracts.&rft.au=Tomazic%2C+V+J%3BWithrow%2C+T+J%3BHamilton%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Tomazic&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=5+Pt+1&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-01-16 N1 - Date created - 1996-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the Pulmonary Lesions Induced in Rats by Human Recombinant Interleukin-2 AN - 755136217; 13645663 AB - Histologic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical studies were made to analyze the structural features and the cellular composition of the pulmonary lesions produced in rats by the administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2). This agent induced pulmonary edema; thickening of alveolar septa; damage to endothelial cells in capillaries and venules, marked interstitial infiltration by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (as demonstrated by cell counting in preparations stained immunohistochemically with peroxidase- and fluorochrome-labeled antibodies); and injury to bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells. Granular and agranular lymphocytes often were closely apposed to endothelial cells in capillaries and venules. Contacts between lymphocytes and type II alveolar epithelial cells also were observed. Damaged type II alveolar epithelial cells showed nuclear and cytoplasmic features that are considered indicative of apoptosis (confirmed by nick end labeling). Phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies by macrophages was occasionally found. These results support the concept that IL-2 induces cytotoxic vascular and parenchymal cell damage that is mediated by LAK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which make contacts with endothelial cells and type II alveolar epithelial cells. This damage appears to be exacerbated by the secondary release of a variety of vasoactive agents and inflammatory mediators. JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Zhang, Jun AU - Wenthold, Robert J AU - Yu, Zu-Xi AU - Herman, Eugene H AU - Ferrans, Victor J AD - Pathology Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1518, Division of Research and Testing, Food and Drug Administration (HFD-472), Laurel, Maryland 20708 Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - Nov 1995 SP - 653 EP - 666 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Lymphokine-activated killer cells KW - Epithelial cells KW - Apoptosis KW - Interleukin 2 KW - Injuries KW - Edema KW - Enumeration KW - Capillaries KW - Alveoli KW - Vasoactive agents KW - Inflammation KW - Endothelial cells KW - Dendritic cells KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Antibodies KW - Lung KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Septum KW - Phagocytosis KW - F 06955:Immunomodulation & Immunopharmacology KW - X 24490:Other UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/755136217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+Pulmonary+Lesions+Induced+in+Rats+by+Human+Recombinant+Interleukin-2&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jun%3BWenthold%2C+Robert+J%3BYu%2C+Zu-Xi%3BHerman%2C+Eugene+H%3BFerrans%2C+Victor+J&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jun&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339502300603 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymphokine-activated killer cells; Macrophages; Epithelial cells; Apoptosis; Injuries; Interleukin 2; Edema; Enumeration; Capillaries; Alveoli; Inflammation; Vasoactive agents; Endothelial cells; Dendritic cells; Antibodies; Cytotoxicity; Lung; Lymphocytes T; Septum; Phagocytosis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339502300603 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Poor old folks: have our methods of poverty measurement blinded us to who is poor? AN - 59772604; 1998-0501860 AB - Finds that factoring in uninsured medical expenses (not part of official poverty calculations) significantly increases poverty rates for the elderly; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, November 1995. AU - Betson, David M Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - November 1995 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Uninsured persons -- United States KW - Poverty -- Measurement KW - Old age -- Economic conditions KW - United States -- Social policy KW - United States -- Economic conditions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59772604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Betson%2C+David+M&rft.aulast=Betson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Poor+old+folks%3A+have+our+methods+of+poverty+measurement+blinded+us+to+who+is+poor%3F&rft.title=Poor+old+folks%3A+have+our+methods+of+poverty+measurement+blinded+us+to+who+is+poor%3F&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/poverty/papers/poldfolk.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Viruses and human cancers: challenges for preventive strategies. AN - 36361732; 201002-31-0247381 (CE); 11701724 (EN) AB - Virus-associated human cancers provide unique opportunities for preventive strategies. The role of human papilloma viruses (HPV 16 and 18), hepatitis B virus (HBV), Epstein-Barr herpes virus (EBV), and retroviruses (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] and human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus [HTLV]) in the development of common carcinomas and lymphomas represents a major cancer threat, particularly among individuals residing in developing countries, which account for 80% of the world's population. Even though these viruses are not the sole etiological agents of these cancers (as would be the case for infectious diseases), different approaches can be implemented to significantly decrease the incidence of virus-associated malignancies. The first approach is vaccination, which is available for HBV and possibly soon for EBV. The long delay between primary viral infection and development of associated tumors as well as the cost involved with administering vaccinations detracts from the feasibility of such an approach within developing countries. The second approach is to increase efforts to detect pre-cancerous lesions or early tumors using immunovirological means. This would allow early diagnosis and better treatment. The third strategy is linked to the existence of disease susceptibility genes, and suggests that counseling be provided for individuals carrying these genes to encourage them to modify their lifestyles and other conditions associated with increased cancer risks (predictive oncology). Specific recommendations include: a) increase international studies that explore the causes of the large variations in prevalence of common cancers throughout the world; b) conduct interdisciplinary studies involving laboratory investigation and social sciences, which may suggest hypotheses that may then be tested experimentally; and c) promote more preventive and health enhancement strategies in addition to curative and replacement therapies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - de The, G AD - Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland and Institut Pasteur, Unit of Epidemiology of Oncogenic Viruses, Paris, France. dethe@pasteur.fr PY - 1995 SP - 269 EP - 273 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Strategy KW - Human KW - Viruses KW - Tumors KW - Health KW - Genes KW - Risk KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36361732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Viruses+and+human+cancers%3A+challenges+for+preventive+strategies.&rft.au=de+The%2C+G&rft.aulast=de+The&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Targeting Hispanic populations: future research and prevention strategies. AN - 36360330; 201002-31-0247373 (CE); 11701716 (EN) AB - Minority populations face a wide variety of economic, institutional, and cultural barriers to health care. These barriers and low levels of education and income pose significant challenges for health professionals in developing cancer research and prevention-control strategies. It is suggested that specific segments of Hispanic populations fit the model of an underdeveloped country in the intermediate stage of epidemiological transition. Since noncommunicable diseases have not yet fully emerged in some of these Hispanic population segments, the opportunity exists to apply primordial prevention strategies. Such campaigns would focus on dissuading members of these populations from adopting negative health behaviors while promoting positive lifestyle choices. Optimal programs would increase cancer screening participation and discourage risk behaviors through community-oriented, population-based interventions. Future directions in prevention and control efforts for minority populations should include expanded health insurance coverage, improved access to health care, greater emphasis on minority recruitment in health care fields, focused epidemiologic and clinical research, and identification and replication of effective components within existing prevention-control programs. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ramirez, A G AU - McAlister, A AU - Gallion, K J AU - Villarreal, R AD - South Texas Health Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA. amelie-ramirez@sthrc.uthscsa.edu PY - 1995 SP - 287 EP - 290 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Populations KW - Health KW - Minorities KW - Strategy KW - Health care KW - Epidemiology KW - Cancer KW - Segments KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36360330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Targeting+Hispanic+populations%3A+future+research+and+prevention+strategies.&rft.au=Ramirez%2C+A+G%3BMcAlister%2C+A%3BGallion%2C+K+J%3BVillarreal%2C+R&rft.aulast=Ramirez&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using biomarkers of genetic susceptibility to enhance the study of cancer etiology. AN - 36347609; 201002-31-0247375 (CE); 11701718 (EN) AB - There has been increasing interest in the interaction of genetic susceptibility and xenobiotic exposures in cancer etiology. Study of gene-environment interactions may increase our ability to characterize relatively low population risks if a substantial proportion of the population cancer burden is attributed to high risk among a smaller group of genetically susceptible members. Further, these studies may provide insight into the mechanism of carcinogenesis, which can help establish the biologic plausibility of an exposure-cancer relationship. Biologic processes important in tumorigenesis that exhibit substantial interindividual differences may function as susceptibility factors. Potential examples include polymorphic enzymes, which activate and detoxify procarcinogens and carcinogens (e.g., certain P450 enzymes, N-acetyltransferase [NAT2], glutathione S-transferase M1), and variation in the capacity to repair DNA. Biologic assays are now available to evaluate many of these functions at the DNA and phenotype level and can be readily incorporated into studies of cancer etiology. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rothman, N AU - Hayes, R B AD - Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. rothmann@epndce.nci.nih.gov PY - 1995 SP - 291 EP - 295 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Etiology KW - Genetics KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Enzymes KW - Risk KW - Carcinogens KW - Exposure KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36347609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Using+biomarkers+of+genetic+susceptibility+to+enhance+the+study+of+cancer+etiology.&rft.au=Rothman%2C+N%3BHayes%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Rothman&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research and prevention priorities for alcohol carcinogenesis. AN - 36345031; 201002-31-0247378 (CE); 11701721 (EN) AB - Research conducted during the last four decades has established that consumption of alcoholic beverages causes cancer. Etiologic research questions that remain relate to increases in risk at specific sites, the effects of various types of alcoholic beverages, the effect of various concentrations of alcohol, and the mechanism(s) of action, including possible interactions with other agents such as tobacco smoke. Prevention priorities for alcohol-related cancer depend on whether alcohol causes only the upper aerodigestive cancers or whether it also causes breast and possibly colon cancers. If alcohol causes aerodigestive cancers only, existing prevention programs to prevent alcohol abuse by heavy drinkers are sufficient. The possible small cancer risk faced by moderate drinkers may be more than offset by a decrease in the risk of cardiovascular death. On the other hand, if alcohol consumption increases the occurrence of breast cancer, a prevention program aimed at women who are at high risk for breast cancer is worth considering, but the risks must be weighed against the cardiovascular benefits for moderate drinkers. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rothman, K J AD - Epidemiology, Newton Lower Falls, Massachusetts, USA. KRothman@aol.com PY - 1995 SP - 161 EP - 163 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Alcohols KW - Risk KW - Breast KW - Beverages KW - Priorities KW - Tobacco KW - Colon KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36345031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Research+and+prevention+priorities+for+alcohol+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Rothman%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Rothman&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ionizing radiation and cancer prevention. AN - 36344544; 201002-31-0247379 (CE); 11701722 (EN) AB - Ionizing radiation long has been recognized as a cause of cancer. Among environmental cancer risks, radiation is unique in the variety of organs and tissues that it can affect. Numerous epidemiological studies with good dosimetry provide the basis for cancer risk estimation, including quantitative information derived from observed dose-response relationships. The amount of cancer attributable to ionizing radiation is difficult to estimate, but numbers such as 1 to 3% have been suggested. Some radiation-induced cancers attributable to naturally occurring exposures, such as cosmic and terrestrial radiation, are not preventable. The major natural radiation exposure, radon, can often be reduced, especially in the home, but not entirely eliminated. Medical use of radiation constitutes the other main category of exposure; because of the importance of its benefits to one's health, the appropriate prevention strategy is to simply work to minimize exposures. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hoel, D G AD - Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA. HOELD@MUSC.EDU PY - 1995 SP - 241 EP - 243 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Exposure KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Health KW - Risk KW - Strategy KW - Terrestrial radiation KW - Categories KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36344544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Ionizing+radiation+and+cancer+prevention.&rft.au=Hoel%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Hoel&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular epidemiology and prevention of cancer. AN - 36324812; 201002-31-0247374 (CE); 11701717 (EN) AB - Preventable environmental causes of cancer, including tobacco smoke and other carcinogens in the diet, workplace, and ambient environment are responsible for the vast majority of human cancers. This paper reviews recent molecular epidemiologic studies that have focused on environmental carcinogenesis and environment-host interactions. Biomarkers such as carcinogen-DNA and carcinogen-protein adducts, mutations in reporter or target genes (e.g., HPRT, GPA, ras, p53), or genetic or acquired susceptibility factors (e.g., polymorphisms in the P450 or glutathione-S-transferase genes and serum levels of antioxidants) have shown significant potential in prevention. They should be useful in early identification of at risk individuals and in designing and monitoring interventions (smoking cessation, exposure reduction, and chemoprevention). JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Perera, F P AD - Columbia University, School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA. fpp1@columbia.edu PY - 1995 SP - 233 EP - 236 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Carcinogens KW - Cancer KW - Epidemiology KW - Genes KW - Smoke KW - Risk KW - Reduction KW - Genetics KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36324812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Molecular+epidemiology+and+prevention+of+cancer.&rft.au=Perera%2C+F+P&rft.aulast=Perera&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer among special populations: women, ethnic minorities, and the poor. AN - 36322202; 201002-31-0247377 (CE); 11701720 (EN) AB - The study of cancer among women, ethnic minorities, and the poor can yield useful information about etiology and lead to effective recommendations for prevention. Opportunities exist for affecting cancer rates among women by studying and altering hormonal exposures and, possibly, alcohol consumption. The study of diet among ethnic groups may be more informative than among populations with homogeneous diets. The gender and racial differences among lung cancer patients related to tobacco need further research. Innovative multidisciplinary research is needed to reduce the ethnic, gender, and institutional barriers to ensure success in the fight against cancer. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Haynes, A AD - Ranchos Palos Verdes, California, USA mah@kaiwon PY - 1995 SP - 319 EP - 320 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Diets KW - Ethnic minorities KW - Populations KW - Ethnic KW - Multidisciplinary research KW - Tobacco KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36322202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cancer+among+special+populations%3A+women%2C+ethnic+minorities%2C+and+the+poor.&rft.au=Haynes%2C+A&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial infection as a cause of cancer. AN - 36320802; 201002-31-0247380 (CE); 11701723 (EN) AB - Bacterial infections traditionally have not been considered major causes of cancer. Recently, however, bacteria have been linked to cancer by two mechanisms: induction of chronic inflammation and production of carcinogenic bacterial metabolites. The most specific example of the inflammatory mechanism of carcinogenesis is Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori has been epidemiologically linked to adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach by its propensity to cause lifelong inflammation. This inflammation is in turn thought to cause cancer by inducing cell proliferation and production of mutagenic free radicals and N-nitroso compounds. H. pylori is the first bacterium to be termed a definite cause of cancer in humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Mutagenic bacterial metabolites are also suspected to increase risk for cancer. This model is best exemplified in colon cancer. Bile salt metabolites increase colonic cell proliferation. Exogenous compounds such as rutin may be metabolized into mutagens by resident colonic flora. Moreover, Bacteroides species can produce fecapentaenes, potent in vitro mutagens, in relatively high concentrations. In vivo data on human carcinogenesis by bacterial metabolites, however, are inconsistent. Local bacterial infections may also predispose to nonnodal lymphomas, although the mechanisms for this are unknown. Gastric lymphomas and immunoproliferative small intestinal disease have been most strongly linked to underlying bacterial infection. Because bacterial infections can be cured with antibiotics, identification of bacterial causes of malignancy could have important implications for cancer prevention. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Parsonnet, J AD - Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA. ml.jxp@forsythe.stanford.edu PY - 1995 SP - 263 EP - 268 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Bacteria KW - Cancer KW - Metabolites KW - Carcinogens KW - Mutagens KW - Human KW - Free radicals KW - Colon KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36320802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Bacterial+infection+as+a+cause+of+cancer.&rft.au=Parsonnet%2C+J&rft.aulast=Parsonnet&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The importance of information dissemination in the prevention of occupational cancer. AN - 21253816; 11701719 AB - It is assumed that prevention of occupational cancer depends upon dissemination of research findings, resulting in changes in work processes and reduction of occupational exposures to carcinogens. Examples of successes and failures of information dissemination are found in the results of research on silicosis. Better assessment of the effectiveness of information dissemination is needed, along with greater understanding of the barriers to implementation of the information by workers and management and improved hazard surveillance. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fine, L J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - Nov 1995 SP - 217 EP - 218 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 103 IS - Suppl 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Silicosis KW - prevention KW - Carcinogens KW - Cancer KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+importance+of+information+dissemination+in+the+prevention+of+occupational+cancer.&rft.au=Fine%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=Suppl+8&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silicosis; prevention; Carcinogens; Occupational exposure; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Domoic acid-induced neuronal degeneration in the primate forebrain revealed by degeneration specific histochemistry. AN - 77770540; 8574649 AB - Domoic acid is a potent excitotoxin produced by diatoms which is subsequently passed along the marine food chain. Its chemical structure and toxicological properties are similar to kainic acid. Like kainic acid, exposure results in extensive hippocampal degeneration. The effect of domoic acid on other primate brain structures, however, is less resolved. In an attempt to clarify this issue, the present study applied a degeneration specific histochemical technique (de Olmos' cupric-silver method) to reveal degeneration within the brains of domoic acid-dosed cynomolgus monkeys. Degenerating neuronal cell bodies and terminals were found not only within the hippocampus, but also within a number of other 'limbic' structures including the entorhinal cortex, the subiculum, the piriform cortex, the lateral septum, and the dorsal lateral nucleus of the thalamus. Although the hippocampus is a component of the original limbic circuit of Papez, other components such as the mammillary bodies, the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and the cingulate cortex contained no degeneration, while a number of more recently documented efferent targets of the hippocampal formation revealed extensive degeneration. The pattern of degeneration generally correlated with those regions containing high densities of kainate receptors. JF - Brain research AU - Schmued, L C AU - Scallet, A C AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/10/09/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Oct 09 SP - 64 EP - 70 VL - 695 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents KW - 0 KW - domoic acid KW - M02525818H KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Entorhinal Cortex -- ultrastructure KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Entorhinal Cortex -- drug effects KW - Pyramidal Cells -- ultrastructure KW - Male KW - Female KW - Nerve Degeneration KW - Kainic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Kainic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Hippocampus -- ultrastructure KW - Prosencephalon -- drug effects KW - Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents -- pharmacology KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77770540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Domoic+acid-induced+neuronal+degeneration+in+the+primate+forebrain+revealed+by+degeneration+specific+histochemistry.&rft.au=Schmued%2C+L+C%3BScallet%2C+A+C%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-10-09&rft.volume=695&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurements of ultrasonic backscatter coefficients in human liver and kidney in vivo. AN - 85159811; pmid-7593911 AB - Ultrasonic backscatter coefficients, in the range of 2.0-4.0 MHz, were measured in normal human livers and kidneys in vivo. In liver, data were acquired and analyzed from 15 normal volunteers and 19 patients with hepatitis. No significant difference between normal and chronic hepatitis was found. The power-law fit to the backscatter coefficient in normal liver as a function of frequency was eta(f) = 4.5 x 10(-5) f1.6 cm-1 Str-1. This is comparable to that measured by other investigators in in vitro preparations of human and animal liver and to that measured by two other teams of investigators in in vivo human liver. In kidney, data were acquired from 11 normal volunteers. The power-law fit to the backscatter coefficient in normal kidney was eta (f) = 2.3 x 10(-5) f2.1 cm-1 Str-1. This is in the range of that measured by other investigators in in vitro preparations of human and animal kidney. In order to assess the system dependence of in vivo abdominal organ backscatter coefficients, measurements were performed using two different ultrasonic data-acquisition systems. The two systems exhibited close agreement. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Wear, K A AU - Garra, B S AU - Hall, T J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 1852 EP - 1857 VL - 98 IS - 4 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85159811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Measurements+of+ultrasonic+backscatter+coefficients+in+human+liver+and+kidney+in+vivo.&rft.au=Wear%2C+K+A%3BGarra%2C+B+S%3BHall%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Wear&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1852&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Years of potential life lost and lost future productivity due to occupational fatalities--Alaska, 1990-1994. AN - 77885903; 8742154 AB - Alaska had the highest occupational fatality rate of any state for the 1980s. The impact of these events is estimated by the index of years of potential life lost before age 65 (YPLL), which was developed to measure the potentially preventable mortality occurring early in life. Lost future productivity (wages) and YPLL were calculated from surveillance statistics for all workers killed on the job during this 5-year period. During 1990-1994, Alaska experienced 343 work-related deaths among civilians under age 65. YPLL was 9,690 years with an estimated lost future productivity of $367,000,000. Premature death due to occupational traumatic injury in Alaska for 1990-1994 was extremely costly to society. Premature death not only adversely affects the deceased workers' family, friends, and coworkers, but also society economically. Effective intervention strategies are needed to significantly reduce both the number and the cost of fatal occupational trauma in Alaska. JF - Alaska medicine AU - Klatt, M L AU - Kennedy, R D AU - Conway, G A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 123 EP - 125 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0002-4538, 0002-4538 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Forecasting KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Efficiency KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Cause of Death KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77885903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alaska+medicine&rft.atitle=Years+of+potential+life+lost+and+lost+future+productivity+due+to+occupational+fatalities--Alaska%2C+1990-1994.&rft.au=Klatt%2C+M+L%3BKennedy%2C+R+D%3BConway%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Klatt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alaska+medicine&rft.issn=00024538&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary intake estimates as a means to the harmonization of maximum residue levels for veterinary drugs. I. Concept. AN - 77817462; 8587148 AB - The harmonization of standards and procedures for establishing tolerances or maximum residue levels (MRLs) for veterinary drug residues in edible animal products is a major goal of the international veterinary drug community. Such harmonization would contribute to easing trade barriers. This paper proposes use of the toxicologically determined acceptable daily intake (ADI) for the drug as the safety standard for reaching conclusions on the acceptability of residues in meat for human consumption. Specifically, the 'equivalence' of different MRLs for the same veterinary drug would be determined by considering whether they are likely to result in dietary residues that exceed another country's ADI for the drug. Two methods of estimating dietary intake are described, and estimates are made for the veterinary drugs albendazole and ivermectin. Based on these estimates, the US and JECFA MRLs for each drug would be considered 'equivalent' for trade purposes. JF - Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Fitzpatrick, S C AU - Brynes, S D AU - Guest, G B AD - Centre for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 325 EP - 327 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 0140-7783, 0140-7783 KW - Anthelmintics KW - 0 KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - Albendazole KW - F4216019LN KW - Index Medicus KW - Therapeutic Equivalency KW - Eating KW - Animals KW - World Health Organization KW - International Cooperation KW - Humans KW - Food-Drug Interactions KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Diet KW - Anthelmintics -- administration & dosage KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Ivermectin -- analysis KW - Ivermectin -- administration & dosage KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Albendazole -- administration & dosage KW - Anthelmintics -- analysis KW - Albendazole -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- standards KW - Meat Products -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77817462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Dietary+intake+estimates+as+a+means+to+the+harmonization+of+maximum+residue+levels+for+veterinary+drugs.+I.+Concept.&rft.au=Fitzpatrick%2C+S+C%3BBrynes%2C+S+D%3BGuest%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Fitzpatrick&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=01407783&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utilizing uncertainty factors in minimal risk levels derivation. AN - 77804916; 8577953 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) utilizes chemical-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist in evaluating public health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances. During MRL derivation, uncertainty factors (UF) are used. Under current ATSDR methodology, default UFs of 10 are applied to extrapolate from a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) to a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), for interspecies extrapolation and for intraspecies variability. However, chemical-specific toxicity information has sometimes made it necessary and appropriate to deviate from using the standard UF of 10. Since its inception in January 1993 until December 1994, ATSDR's Inter-agency MRL Workgroup has derived 46 inhalation and 67 oral MRLs. When the substance-specific data permitted, the workgroup departed from the default UFs of 10 in 30 specific cases. Specific examples and rationales are presented in this paper. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Pohl, H R AU - Abadin, H G AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 180 EP - 188 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Risk Assessment KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77804916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Utilizing+uncertainty+factors+in+minimal+risk+levels+derivation.&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3BAbadin%2C+H+G&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-03-14 N1 - Date created - 1996-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury and stress. AN - 77778457; 8542339 AB - A literature search was conducted to identify studies that measured the relationship between stress and occupational injury. Studies that provided a quantitative measure of stress and occupational injury and a quantitative assessment of the relationship between these two factors were selected for this review. Twenty studies were identified, and all had P values of less than .05 or odds ratios ranging from .3 to 4.6. Twelve of 17 measures had odds ratios greater than 1.0. Several factors limit the generalizability of these results, however, and these include methodological differences in the assessment of stress and injury, study design, and limited representation of occupations. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Johnston, J J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 1199 EP - 1203 VL - 37 IS - 10 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Odds Ratio KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Occupations KW - Adolescent KW - Research Design KW - Male KW - Female KW - Stress, Physiological -- complications KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77778457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+and+stress.&rft.au=Johnston%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-09 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation protection requirements for medical x-ray film. AN - 77774294; 8551996 AB - Previous darkroom shielding requirements for medical x-ray film-assumed that the film should not be exposed to diagnostic x-ray radiation levels greater than 2 microGy (0.2 mR) for the life of the film. Modern medical x-ray films are much less sensitive to ionizing radiation, with most films showing at least an order of magnitude less sensitivity than previously assumed. Conversely, these same films when loaded in cassettes using modern intensifying screens exhibit an order of magnitude greater sensitivity when these cassettes are exposed to ionizing radiation. These data suggest that protection of modern medical x-ray film, stored in a darkroom, may require less shielding than previously assumed. Conversely, film loaded in a cassette will require greater shielding. JF - Medical physics AU - Suleiman, O H AU - Conway, B J AU - Fewell, T R AU - Slayton, R J AU - Rueter, F G AU - Gray, J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health (HFZ-240), Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 1691 EP - 1693 VL - 22 IS - 10 SN - 0094-2405, 0094-2405 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Radiation, Ionizing KW - Radiography -- standards KW - Radiation Protection KW - X-Ray Film UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77774294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+physics&rft.atitle=Radiation+protection+requirements+for+medical+x-ray+film.&rft.au=Suleiman%2C+O+H%3BConway%2C+B+J%3BFewell%2C+T+R%3BSlayton%2C+R+J%3BRueter%2C+F+G%3BGray%2C+J&rft.aulast=Suleiman&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+physics&rft.issn=00942405&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-02-22 N1 - Date created - 1996-02-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-16 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of morphological transformation in BALB/3T3 mouse embryo cells by okadaic acid. AN - 77684253; 7590533 AB - Okadaic acid is produced by several types of dinoflagellates (marine plankton) and has been implicated as a causative agent of diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning. Okadaic acid, a known tumour promoter in vivo, has been shown to promote morphological transformation of carcinogen-initiated BALB/3T3 cells. This study shows that okadaic acid is capable of inducing morphological transformation of BALB/3T3 cells in the absence of an initiator. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Sheu, C W AU - Rodriguez, I AU - Dobras, S N AU - Lee, J K AD - Genetic Toxicology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 883 EP - 885 VL - 33 IS - 10 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Ethers, Cyclic KW - Okadaic Acid KW - 1W21G5Q4N2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- pathology KW - 3T3 Cells -- drug effects KW - Ethers, Cyclic -- adverse effects KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77684253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Induction+of+morphological+transformation+in+BALB%2F3T3+mouse+embryo+cells+by+okadaic+acid.&rft.au=Sheu%2C+C+W%3BRodriguez%2C+I%3BDobras%2C+S+N%3BLee%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Sheu&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=883&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chattanooga Creek: case study of the public health nursing role in environmental health. AN - 77616265; 7479542 AB - Public health nurses have two primary roles in protecting their communities from hazardous substances: community assessment and health education. Developing assessment skills in environmental health enables public health nurses to collaborate with other federal, state, and county agencies in identifying public health hazards and making health-based recommendations at hazardous waste sites needing remedial or removal interventions. Community health education empowers communities to minimize their exposure to hazardous wastes in their environment. Methods for community environmental health assessment and interventions are demonstrated in this article by activities conducted at the Chattanooga Creek site in Chattanooga, Tennessee. A thorough assessment and collaborative approach between government agencies, local health professionals, and community members resulted in a successful community health education program and this site's placement on the National Priorities List. JF - Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.) AU - Phillips, L AD - Community Health Branch, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 335 EP - 340 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 0737-1209, 0737-1209 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Nursing Assessment KW - Interinstitutional Relations KW - Humans KW - Tennessee KW - Environmental Health KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Public Health Nursing KW - Health Education -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77616265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+nursing+%28Boston%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Chattanooga+Creek%3A+case+study+of+the+public+health+nursing+role+in+environmental+health.&rft.au=Phillips%2C+L&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+nursing+%28Boston%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=07371209&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-15 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silicosis among gold miners: exposure--response analyses and risk assessment. AN - 77578136; 7573620 AB - This study sought to estimate the risk of silicosis by cumulative exposure-years in a cohort of miners exposed to silica, as well as the lifetime risk of silicosis under the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard (0.09 mg/m3). In a cohort study of 3330 gold miners who worked at least 1 year underground from 1940 to 1965 (average 9 years) and were exposed to a median silica level of 0.05 mg/m3 (0.15 mg/m3 for those hired before 1930), 170 cases of silicosis were determined from either death certificates or two cross-sectional radiographic surveys. The risk of silicosis was less than 1% with a cumulative exposure under 0.5 mg/m3-years, increasing to 68% to 84% for the highest cumulative exposure category of more than 4 mg/m3-years. Cumulative exposure was the best predictor of disease, followed by duration of exposure and average exposure. After adjustment for competing risks of death, a 45-year exposure under the current OSHA standard would lead to a lifetime risk of silicosis of 35% to 47%. Almost 2 million US workers are currently exposed to silica. Our results add to a small but increasing body of literature that suggests that the current OSHA silica exposure level is unacceptably high. JF - American journal of public health AU - Steenland, K AU - Brown, D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 1372 EP - 1377 VL - 85 IS - 10 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Gold KW - 7440-57-5 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Population Surveillance KW - Risk Assessment KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - South Dakota -- epidemiology KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Middle Aged KW - Radiography KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Silicosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Silicosis -- epidemiology KW - Mining KW - Silicosis -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77578136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Silicosis+among+gold+miners%3A+exposure--response+analyses+and+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BBrown%2C+D&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-02 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Arch Environ Health. 1974 Jan;28(1):12-7 [4357261] Arch Environ Health. 1974 Jan;28(1):23-7 [4357263] J Chronic Dis. 1975 Mar;28(3):135-47 [1123420] Am J Ind Med. 1983;4(6):705-23 [6316782] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1984 Feb;45(2):89-94 [6322564] Am J Ind Med. 1989;16(1):29-43 [2750748] Biometrics. 1990 Sep;46(3):813-26 [2242416] J Occup Med. 1990 Nov;32(11):1091-8 [2258764] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(4):555 [2035554] MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1993 Nov 19;42(5):23-8 [8232180] Am J Ind Med. 1993 Oct;24(4):447-57 [8250063] Am J Ind Med. 1994 May;25(5):769-72 [8030647] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Feb;27(2):217-29 [7755012] Comment In: Am J Public Health. 1995 Oct;85(10):1346-7 [7573613] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of paint overspray in autobody repair shops. AN - 77539903; 7572611 AB - Commercially available controls for reducing worker exposure to paint overspray were evaluated in six autobody shops and a spray-painting equipment manufacturer's test facility. Engineering control measures included spray-painting booths, vehicle preparation stations, and spray-painting guns. The controls were evaluated by measuring particulate overspray concentrations in the worker's breathing zone, visualizing the airflow in spray-painting booths and vehicle preparation stations, and measuring airflow volumes and velocities. In addition, respirator usage observations were collected at five of the autobody repair shops, and quantitative fit tests were conducted on existing respirators at three shops. Several conclusions were drawn from this study. Downdraft spray-painting booths provide lower particulate overspray concentrations measured on the worker than crossdraft and semidowndraft spray-painting booths. In the latter two booths, the spray-painting gun can disperse as much as half the paint overspray into the incoming fresh air, increasing worker overspray exposure. Vehicle preparation stations have no walls to contain the overspray and, commonly, a single exhaust fan removes air from the painting area. Airflow patterns suggest that these do not control the paint overspray. Switching from a conventional spray-painting gun to a high-volume low pressure spray-painting gun reduced the particulate overspray concentration by a factor of 2 at a manufacturer's test facility. However, this change did not significantly affect solvent concentrations. Finally, respirator usage in five of the six shops studied was inappropriate. Respirators were poorly maintained and/or did not fit the workers, perhaps due to the absence of a formal respirator program. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Heitbrink, W A AU - Wallace, M E AU - Bryant, C J AU - Ruch, W E AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 1023 EP - 1032 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Automobiles KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Paint UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77539903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Control+of+paint+overspray+in+autobody+repair+shops.&rft.au=Heitbrink%2C+W+A%3BWallace%2C+M+E%3BBryant%2C+C+J%3BRuch%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Heitbrink&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1023&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-11-20 N1 - Date created - 1995-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phorbol ester-induced down modulation of tailless CD4 receptors requires prior binding of gp120 and suggests a role for accessory molecules. AN - 77500029; 7545243 AB - The entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 into cells proceeds via a fusion mechanism that is initiated by binding of the viral glycoprotein gp120-gp41 to its cellular receptor CD4. Species- and tissue-specific restrictions to viral entry suggested the participation of additional membrane components in the postbinding fusion events. In a previous study (H. Golding, J. Manischewitz, L. Vujcic, R. Blumenthal, and D. Dimitrov, J. Virol. 68:1962-1968, 1994), it was found that phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope-mediated cell fusion by inducing down modulation of an accessory component(s) in the CD4-expressing cells. The fusion inhibition was seen in a variety of cells, including T-cell transfectants expressing engineered CD4 receptors (CD4.401 and CD4.CD8) which are not susceptible to down modulation by PMA treatment. In the current study, it was found that preincubation of A2.01.CD4.401 cells with soluble monomeric gp120 for 1 h at 37 degrees C primed them for PMA-induced down modulation (up to 70%) of the tailless CD4 receptors. The gp120-priming effect was temperature dependent, and the down modulation may have occurred via clathrin-coated pits. Importantly, nonhuman cell lines expressing tailless CD4 molecules did not down modulate their CD4 receptors under the same conditions. The gp120-dependent PMA-induced down modulation of tailless CD4 receptors could be efficiently blocked by the human monoclonal antibodies 48D and 17B, which bind with increased avidity to gp120 that was previously bound to CD4 (M. Thali, J. P. Moore, C. Furman, M. Charles, D. D. Ho, J. Robinson, and J. Sodroski, J. Virol. 67:3978-3988, 1993). These findings suggest that gp120 binding to cellular CD4 receptors induces conformational changes leading to association of the gp120-CD4 complexes with accessory transmembrane molecules that are susceptible to PMA-induced down modulation and can target the virions to clathrin-coated pits. JF - Journal of virology AU - Golding, H AU - Dimitrov, D S AU - Manischewitz, J AU - Broder, C C AU - Robinson, J AU - Fabian, S AU - Littman, D R AU - Lapham, C K AD - Division of Viral Products, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 6140 EP - 6148 VL - 69 IS - 10 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD4 KW - Epitopes KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Recombinant Proteins -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - HeLa Cells KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- pharmacology KW - Cell Membrane -- physiology KW - Giant Cells KW - Membrane Fusion KW - Transfection KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Cercopithecus aethiops KW - Down-Regulation -- drug effects KW - Epitopes -- immunology KW - Cell Line KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- pharmacology KW - Antigens, CD4 -- physiology KW - Antigens, CD4 -- drug effects KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- metabolism KW - HIV-1 -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77500029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Phorbol+ester-induced+down+modulation+of+tailless+CD4+receptors+requires+prior+binding+of+gp120+and+suggests+a+role+for+accessory+molecules.&rft.au=Golding%2C+H%3BDimitrov%2C+D+S%3BManischewitz%2C+J%3BBroder%2C+C+C%3BRobinson%2C+J%3BFabian%2C+S%3BLittman%2C+D+R%3BLapham%2C+C+K&rft.aulast=Golding&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=6140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-12 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Exp Med. 1990 Oct 1;172(4):1143-50 [2212945] J Virol. 1995 Feb;69(2):1013-8 [7815477] J Virol. 1991 Jan;65(1):31-41 [1985202] J Exp Med. 1991 Mar 1;173(3):575-87 [1900077] J Biol Chem. 1991 Jun 5;266(16):10658-65 [1674746] J Exp Med. 1991 Aug 1;174(2):407-15 [1713252] J Virol. 1991 Sep;65(9):4893-901 [1714523] AIDS. 1991 Jul;5(7):871-5 [1909875] J Immunol. 1992 Feb 1;148(3):678-88 [1370513] J Virol. 1992 Apr;66(4):2389-97 [1548769] J Virol. 1992 Aug;66(8):4784-93 [1378510] J Virol. 1992 Aug;66(8):4794-802 [1629956] Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):382-5 [3001934] Cell. 1987 Jun 5;49(5):659-68 [3107838] Nature. 1988 Jul 14;334(6178):162-5 [3260353] Science. 1988 Aug 5;241(4866):712-6 [2969619] Virology. 1989 Feb;168(2):267-73 [2464872] J Cell Biol. 1989 Feb;108(2):389-400 [2563728] Cell. 1989 Aug 11;58(3):573-81 [2788034] J Immunol. 1990 Mar 15;144(6):2131-9 [1690235] J Virol. 1990 May;64(5):2149-56 [2109100] Cell Immunol. 1990 Jun;128(1):101-17 [1971526] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1990;3(10):965-74 [2398460] J Virol. 1992 Aug;66(8):4940-50 [1629960] J Virol. 1993 Feb;67(2):913-26 [8419649] Virology. 1993 Mar;193(1):483-91 [8438583] J Virol. 1993 Jul;67(7):3978-88 [7685405] J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 15;268(20):15291-7 [8325899] Science. 1993 Jul 30;261(5121):612-5 [8342026] J Exp Med. 1993 Oct 1;178(4):1209-22 [8376930] J Virol. 1993 Nov;67(11):6469-75 [8411350] Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1993;28(5):431-64 [8269710] J Virol. 1994 Mar;68(3):1962-9 [7906314] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1993 Dec;9(12):1185-93 [7511394] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994 Apr;10(4):359-69 [7520721] Nature. 1990 Nov 1;348(6296):69-73 [2172833] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - IL-12 synergizes with IL-2 to induce lymphokine-activated cytotoxicity and perforin and granzyme gene expression in fresh human NK cells. AN - 77498760; 7671323 AB - NK-mediated cytotoxicity is regulated by a variety of cytokines and is thought to involve perforin and granzymes. The effects of IL-2 and IL-12 on the expression and activation of cytolysis were examined in freshly isolated human NK cells. A dose-dependent increase in cytolysis of the NK-sensitive target cell, K562, and the NK-insensitive but lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell-sensitive target, UCLA-SO-M14, was observed after short term culture of purified human NK cells in either IL-2 or IL-12. Moreover, the two cytokines often synergized to produce augmented lytic activity. A suboptimal dose of IL-2 (60 IU/ml) combined with IL-12 (2 U/ml) could induce lytic activity equal to twice the additive effect of each cytokine alone. Northern analyses revealed time-dependent increases in mRNAs encoding for perforin and granzymes A and B following treatment with IL-2 alone or IL-2 plus IL-12. IL-2 and IL-12 also synergized for the induction of granzyme mRNAs, in that treatment with both cytokines increased mRNA levels approximately 50% above the sum of each cytokine alone, as quantitated by phosphorimage analysis, and normalized to GAPDH gene expression. However, the synergy between IL-2 and IL-12 for the induction of mRNA was less dramatic than for lytic activity. Results of experiments in which cytokine-treated cells were pulsed with actinomycin D indicated that the increased granzyme and perforin gene mRNA levels in response to IL-2, IL-12, or the combination were not due to increased transcript stability. The data suggest that low doses of IL-2 and IL-12 synergize to augment NK- and induce LAK-mediated cytotoxicity and that this increase is associated with enhanced transcription of perforin and granzyme genes in a synergistic fashion. JF - Cellular immunology AU - DeBlaker-Hohe, D F AU - Yamauchi, A AU - Yu, C R AU - Horvath-Arcidiacono, J A AU - Bloom, E T AD - Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1995/10/01/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Oct 01 SP - 33 EP - 43 VL - 165 IS - 1 SN - 0008-8749, 0008-8749 KW - Interleukin-2 KW - 0 KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Perforin KW - 126465-35-8 KW - Interleukin-12 KW - 187348-17-0 KW - Granzymes KW - EC 3.4.21.- KW - Serine Endopeptidases KW - GZMA protein, human KW - EC 3.4.21.78 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Gene Expression KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- physiology KW - Drug Synergism KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- drug effects KW - Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated -- physiology KW - Interleukin-2 -- pharmacology KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- biosynthesis KW - Serine Endopeptidases -- genetics KW - Serine Endopeptidases -- biosynthesis KW - Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated -- drug effects KW - Interleukin-12 -- pharmacology KW - Serine Endopeptidases -- drug effects KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77498760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+immunology&rft.atitle=IL-12+synergizes+with+IL-2+to+induce+lymphokine-activated+cytotoxicity+and+perforin+and+granzyme+gene+expression+in+fresh+human+NK+cells.&rft.au=DeBlaker-Hohe%2C+D+F%3BYamauchi%2C+A%3BYu%2C+C+R%3BHorvath-Arcidiacono%2C+J+A%3BBloom%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=DeBlaker-Hohe&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+immunology&rft.issn=00088749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA adduct formation and T lymphocyte mutation induction in F344 rats implanted with tumorigenic doses of 1,6-dinitropyrene. AN - 77071518; 11381742 AB - Diesel emissions are known to induce tumors in laboratory animals and are suspected of being carcinogenic in humans. Of the compounds associated with diesel exhaust, 1,6-dinitropyrene is a particularly potent mutagen and carcinogen; thus, monitoring the toxic effects of 1,6-dinitropyrene may provide a means for assessing the carcinogenic risk associated with exposure to diesel emissions. In these experiments, 1,6-dinitropyrene was implanted into the lungs of rats according to a protocol known to induce lung tumors; the DNA adducts were characterized and quantified in target (lung) and surrogate (liver, white blood cells, and spleen lymphocytes) tissues. In addition, mutation induction was assayed at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) locus in spleen T lymphocytes, and the relation between adduct concentration and mutation induction was elucidated. Rats were administered 30 micrograms or 100 micrograms of [ring-3H]1,6-dinitropyrene and adduct levels were quantified for up to one month after treatment. In lung tissue, white blood cells, liver tissue, and spleen lymphocytes, one major DNA adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-amino-6-nitropyrene, was detected. In each tissue, the levels of this adduct reached a maximal level one to seven days after treatment and decreased to approximately 25% of the peak values by 28 days after treatment. DNA adduct formation in the lung was approximately tenfold higher than that observed in the other tissues. A dose-response relation was not observed in the lung, white blood cells, or liver; but in the spleen lymphocytes, a threefold increase in dose resulted in approximately a twofold increase in adduct formation. After a similar treatment with 1,6-dinitropyrene, mutations were assayed at the hprt locus in spleen T lymphocytes for up to 51 weeks. Compared with control animals treated with solvent, 1,6-dinitropyrene induced a significant increase in mutant frequency with the 100-microgram dose, typically producing twofold more mutants than the 30-microgram dose. With both doses, the mutant frequency increased until 21 weeks after treatment with 1,6-dinitropyrene, remained constant until week 40, and then began to decrease. Nonetheless, nearly one year after treatment, the mutant frequency in rats treated with 1,6-dinitropyrene was greater than that observed in control rats. In a subsequent experiment, rats were administered 0, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, or 150 micrograms of 1,6-dinitropyrene and the extent of adduct formation was determined seven days after treatment. In the lung nuclei, liver nuclei, and spleen lymphocyte DNA, a significant dose-response relation was observed, with the extent of adduct formation increasing significantly at a dose of 10 micrograms. A twofold increase in dose resulted in a twofold increase in adduct formation up to the 30-microgram dose in lung nuclei DNA, and up to the 10-microgram dose in liver nuclei DNA. At higher doses, the extent of adduct formation still increased but the rate of increase was much lower than that occurring at lower doses. To assess the mutation frequency as a function of dose, additional rats were treated with 0, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, or 150 micrograms of 1,6-dinitropyrene and mutations were assayed at the hprt locus in spleen T lymphocytes 21 weeks after treatment. In this experiment, a significant dose-response relation was observed, with the increase in mutants becoming significant at 1 microgram and higher doses of 1,6-dinitropyrene. These data indicate that 1,6-dinitropyrene, a constituent of diesel emissions, is metabolically activated by nitroreduction to produce DNA adducts in target and surrogate tissues. They further suggest that T lymphocyte mutations may be a more sensitive and longer-lived biomarker than DNA adducts for assessing previous exposures to genotoxic agents, such as nitro-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. JF - Research report (Health Effects Institute) AU - Beland, F A AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, HFT-100, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 1 EP - 27; discussion 29-39 IS - 72 SN - 1041-5505, 1041-5505 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Drug Implants KW - Mutagens KW - Pyrenes KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 1,6-dinitropyrene KW - 66Q2ZUF83N KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- drug effects KW - Hepatocytes -- drug effects KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cell Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Vehicle Emissions -- toxicity KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Cell Nucleus -- genetics KW - Male KW - Hepatocytes -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - Mutagenesis -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Pyrenes -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77071518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+report+%28Health+Effects+Institute%29&rft.atitle=DNA+adduct+formation+and+T+lymphocyte+mutation+induction+in+F344+rats+implanted+with+tumorigenic+doses+of+1%2C6-dinitropyrene.&rft.au=Beland%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=72&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Research+report+%28Health+Effects+Institute%29&rft.issn=10415505&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-06-28 N1 - Date created - 2001-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Noise and hearing loss in firefighting. AN - 76177866; 8903753 AB - Since the NIH received a request to investigate the high degree of hearing loss in a fire department in 1980, hearing loss among firefighters has become an area of increased investigation. The author identifies the sources of occupational noise in firefighting, looks at audiometric testing and recent research in firefighting noise, and presents guidelines for implementing hearing conservation programs. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Tubbs, R L AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 843 EP - 856 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Audiometry KW - Humans KW - Ear Protective Devices -- utilization KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Fires KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76177866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Noise+and+hearing+loss+in+firefighting.&rft.au=Tubbs%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Tubbs&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1997-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1997-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The goldfish as a model for studying neuroestrogen synthesis, localization, and action in the brain and visual system. AN - 36358371; 201002-31-0247371 (CE); 11701714 (EN) AB - Organizational and activational effects of estrogen (E) in the central nervous system (CNS) are exerted directly by circulating E and indirectly after aromatization of circulating androgen to E in the brain itself. Understanding an environmental chemical's ability to disrupt E-dependent neural processes, therefore, requires attention to both pathways. Because aromatase (Aro) is highly expressed in teleost brain, when compared to mammals and other vertebrates, fish are technically advantageous for localization and regulation studies and may also provide a model in which the functional consequences of brain-derived (neuro-)E synthesis are exaggerated. Recently, Aro was immunolocalized in cell bodies and fiber projections of second- and third-order neurons of the goldfish retina and in central visual processing areas. Authentic Aro enzyme activity was verified biochemically, suggesting a heretofore unrecognized role of sex steroids in the visual system. Initial studies show that in vivo treatment with aromatizable androgen or E increases calmodulin synthesis and calmodulin protein in retina and also affects retinal protein and DNA. Whether there are related changes in the processing of visual information that is essential for seasonal reproduction or in the generative and regenerative capacity of the goldfish visual system requires further investigation. Images Figure 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Callard, G V AU - Kruger, A AU - Betka, M AD - Department of Biology, Boston University, MA 02215, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 51 EP - 57 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Visual KW - Synthesis KW - Brain KW - Circulating KW - Position (location) KW - Images KW - Calmodulin KW - Proteins KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36358371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+goldfish+as+a+model+for+studying+neuroestrogen+synthesis%2C+localization%2C+and+action+in+the+brain+and+visual+system.&rft.au=Callard%2C+G+V%3BKruger%2C+A%3BBetka%2C+M&rft.aulast=Callard&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estrogens in unexpected places: possible implications for researchers and consumers. AN - 36358298; 201002-31-0247370 (CE); 11701713 (EN) AB - Estrogenic activity originating in unexpected places was encountered on three occasions during an investigation of whether Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthesized estrogens. In each instance, estradiol found in the conditioned yeast culture medium originated from an exogenous source and was not synthesized by the yeast. In the first instance, yeast grown in the laboratory showed a time-dependent increase in estradiol in the conditioned medium. However, the culture medium supplement Bacto-peptone was found to contain large amounts of estrone. When added to yeast cultures in the form of YPD medium (yeast extract, Bacto-peptone, and dextrose), S. cerevisiae converted the estrone to estradiol leading to the accumulation of estradiol over time. In the second instance, commercially purchased S. cerevisiae grown in a molasses medium exhibited substantial amounts of estradiol. However, corn and beet molasses contained sufficient estrone and estradiol to account for the findings. As in the first instance, the yeast converted the estrone into estradiol. In the third instance, autoclaving culture medium in polycarbonate plastic flasks was found to cause an estrogenic substance to be added to the medium, whether yeast were present or not. It was determined that the autoclaving process leached bisphenol-A (BPA) out of the polycarbonate plastic. BPA was shown to bind to estrogen receptors and to induce estrogenic activity, including stimulation of MCF-7 breast cancer-cell proliferation and induction of the expression of progesterone receptors. The three instances highlight potential problems for investigators who might inadvertently add estrogens to experimental systems confounding their results. The BPA findings raise concerns about the possible addition of this estrogenic molecule to the food supply since polycarbonate plastic is used in myriad applications in the packaging of food and beverages. Although we are unaware of the substantial contamination of food products with BPA, we believe this possibility should be carefully investigated. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Feldman, D AU - Krishnan, A AD - Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, California, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 129 EP - 133 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Yeast KW - Estrogens KW - Culture KW - Foods KW - Polycarbonates KW - Receptors KW - Molasses KW - Autoclaving KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36358298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Estrogens+in+unexpected+places%3A+possible+implications+for+researchers+and+consumers.&rft.au=Feldman%2C+D%3BKrishnan%2C+A&rft.aulast=Feldman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estrogen receptor accessory proteins: effects on receptor-DNA interactions. AN - 36354159; 201002-31-0247366 (CE); 11701709 (EN) AB - Despite a wealth of information about the structure and composition of steroid receptors and their functional domains, little is known about the role of accessory proteins as mediators of receptor activity. To better define the role of such proteins in estrogen receptor (ER) function, we have used immunoaffinity, steroid affinity, and site-specific DNA-affinity chromatography to identify and characterize proteins that associate with human ER (hER) in extracts from MCF-7 cells and hER-expressing CHO (CHO-ER) cells. In addition to the expected 66-kDa hER, a 70-kDa protein was obtained and subsequently identified as a member of the heat shock protein family (hsp70). A 55-kDa protein, detected by all three approaches, was identified as a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDI). Two proteins that were preferentially retained by an ER-specific DNA affinity column (p48 and p45) remain unidentified. Maximal interaction of purified hER with the vitellogenin A2 estrogen response element (ERE) occurred in the presence of all four associated proteins isolated by DNA-affinity chromatography. The increased stability of this complex was due primarily to an increase in the association rate of hER with ERE. Thus, accessory proteins may be required for optimal interaction of ER with EREs. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Landel, C C AU - Kushner, P J AU - Greene, G L AD - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 23 EP - 28 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Proteins KW - Receptors KW - Estrogens KW - Accessories KW - Steroids KW - Affinity KW - Chromatography KW - Optimization KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36354159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Estrogen+receptor+accessory+proteins%3A+effects+on+receptor-DNA+interactions.&rft.au=Landel%2C+C+C%3BKushner%2C+P+J%3BGreene%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Landel&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mouse lactoferrin gene: a marker for estrogen and epidermal growth factor. AN - 36335152; 201002-31-0247372 (CE); 11701715 (EN) AB - Lactoferrin mRNA in the 21-day-old mouse uterus can be increased several hundredfold by estrogen. The physiological role of lactoferrin in mouse uterus is unclear; however, it can be a useful marker for the estrogen action in the uterus. The structural organization and the chromosome location of the lactoferrin gene are similar to members of the transferrin gene family. At the 5' flanking region of the lactoferrin gene, we have characterized two modules that respond to estrogen and growth factor stimulation. Each module is composed of either overlapping or multiple transcription factor-binding elements. The well-characterized estrogen and growth factor response modules in the mouse lactoferrin gene could serve as the foundation to understand the intricate molecular mechanisms of estrogen action and its relationship to growth factors. Images Figure 1. Figure 1. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Teng, C AD - Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NC 27709, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 17 EP - 20 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Estrogens KW - Genes KW - Growth factors KW - Uterus KW - Modules KW - Markers KW - Images KW - Stimulation KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36335152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Mouse+lactoferrin+gene%3A+a+marker+for+estrogen+and+epidermal+growth+factor.&rft.au=Teng%2C+C&rft.aulast=Teng&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Declining semen quality and increasing incidence of testicular cancer: is there a common cause? AN - 36330420; 201002-31-0247365 (CE); 11701708 (EN) AB - Male reproduction has been given little attention in science and in medical practice. However, a recent metaanalysis on semen quality, which clearly pointed to a decrease over the past 50 years, has been repeatedly quoted. Three recent reports have found that semen quality has declined among candidate semen donors during the past 20 years. The evidence of decline in the quality of semen is not the only indicator that the human testis is at risk. During the past 50 years, cancer of the testis has also become more common. This is a disorder of young men, and it is associated with a high rate of other abnormalities of the testis including undescended testis and poor semen quality. Furthermore, the incidence of both hypospadias and undescended testis has been reported to be rising in the general population. We believe that the evidence of declining semen quality should be seen in the light of these trends in other reproductive disorders of men. However, the etiology is unknown. A recent hypothesis that links the trends in the health of the male reproductive system to xenoestrogens in the environment is discussed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Carlsen, E AU - Giwercman, A AU - Keiding, N AU - Skakkebaek, N E AD - University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. PY - 1995 SP - 137 EP - 139 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Semen KW - Health KW - Cancer KW - Incidence KW - Men KW - Males KW - Trends KW - Reproduction KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36330420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Declining+semen+quality+and+increasing+incidence+of+testicular+cancer%3A+is+there+a+common+cause%3F&rft.au=Carlsen%2C+E%3BGiwercman%2C+A%3BKeiding%2C+N%3BSkakkebaek%2C+N+E&rft.aulast=Carlsen&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of estrogenic chemicals on development. AN - 36322596; 201002-31-0247368 (CE); 11701711 (EN) AB - The sum of the evidence supports the necessity to continue to investigate the developmental effects of estrogenic and antiestrogenic compounds when exposure occurs early in life. Additional studies will answer questions relevant to the molecular definition of the developmental or carcinogenic effects of estrogens such as hormone-induced gene alterations. These studies also support the need to use the neonatal mouse model to demonstrate the consequences of reproductive and nonreproductive stem-cell exposure to estrogenic compounds. Images Figure 2. A Figure 2. B Figure 2. C JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Jones, L A AU - Hajek, R A AD - Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA. lovell_jones@gyn.mda.uth.tmc.edu PY - 1995 SP - 63 EP - 67 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Images KW - Genes KW - Alterations KW - Carcinogens KW - Estrogens KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36322596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+estrogenic+chemicals+on+development.&rft.au=Jones%2C+L+A%3BHajek%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellular and molecular effects of developmental exposure to diethylstilbestrol: implications for other environmental estrogens. AN - 36320899; 201002-31-0247369 (CE); 11701712 (EN) AB - Concerns have been raised regarding the role of environmental and dietary estrogens as possible contributors to an increased incidence of various abnormalities in estrogen-target tissues of both sexes. These abnormalities include breast cancer, endometriosis, fibroids, and uterine adenocarcinoma in females, as well as alterations in sex differentiation, decreased sperm concentrations, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic cancer, testicular cancer, and reproductive problems in males. Whether these concerns are valid remains to be determined; however, studies with the potent synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) suggest that exogenous estrogen exposure during critical stages of development can result in permanent cellular and molecular alterations in the exposed organism. These alterations manifest themselves in the female and male as structural, functional, or long-term pathological changes including neoplasia. Although DES has potent estrogenic activity, it may be used as a model compound to study the effects of weaker environmental estrogens, many of which may fit into the category of endocrine disruptors. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Newbold, R AD - Environmental Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. PY - 1995 SP - 83 EP - 87 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Estrogens KW - Alterations KW - Cancer KW - Abnormalities KW - Males KW - Females KW - Sex KW - Cellular KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36320899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cellular+and+molecular+effects+of+developmental+exposure+to+diethylstilbestrol%3A+implications+for+other+environmental+estrogens.&rft.au=Newbold%2C+R&rft.aulast=Newbold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of sex hormones on oncogene expression in the vagina and on development of sexual dimorphism of the pelvis and anococcygeus muscle in the mouse. AN - 36316340; 201002-31-0247367 (CE); 11701710 (EN) AB - Neonatal treatment of female mice with diethystilbestrol (DES) is known to induce ovary-independent persistent proliferation and cornification of vaginal epithelium. This irreversibly changed vaginal epithelium persistently expressed higher levels of c-jun and c-fos mRNAs, which was not altered by postpubertal estrogen. Sexual dimorphism was encountered in mouse pelvis and anococcygeus muscle. Postpubertal estrogen changed the shape of the pelvis to the female type and postpubertal androgen changed it to the male type. Neonatal exposure to DES and to the antiestrogen tamoxifen altered the developmental pattern of the pelvis, which contained lower concentrations of calcium and phosphorus than controls. The size of anococcygeus muscle was increased by postpubertal androgen but decreased by postpubertal estrogen. However, neonatal estrogen (DES) exposure permanently enlarged the anococcygeus muscle. Thus, neonatal treatment of mice with estrogen and antiestrogen results in irreversible changes in nonreproductive as well as reproductive structures. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Iguchi, T AU - Fukazawa, Y AU - Bern, H A AD - Department of Biology, Yokohama City University, Japan. PY - 1995 SP - 79 EP - 82 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 103 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Estrogens KW - Muscles KW - Pelvis KW - Epithelium KW - Females KW - Sexual dimorphism KW - Mice KW - Sex hormones KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36316340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+sex+hormones+on+oncogene+expression+in+the+vagina+and+on+development+of+sexual+dimorphism+of+the+pelvis+and+anococcygeus+muscle+in+the+mouse.&rft.au=Iguchi%2C+T%3BFukazawa%2C+Y%3BBern%2C+H+A&rft.aulast=Iguchi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biologically based dose-response model for neurotoxicity risk assessment. AN - 77696605; 7486640 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Slikker, W AU - Gaylor, D W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 15 SP - 339 VL - 765 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Hippocampus -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Species Specificity KW - Research Design KW - Risk Assessment KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -- toxicity KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77696605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Biologically+based+dose-response+model+for+neurotoxicity+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W%3BGaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft.volume=765&rft.issue=&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considerations in the design of preclinical safety evaluation programs for novel therapeutics used in neurologic diseases. AN - 77693834; 7486629 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Cavagnaro, J A AU - Liu, S AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 15 SP - 319 VL - 765 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Research Design KW - Nervous System Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- toxicity KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77693834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Considerations+in+the+design+of+preclinical+safety+evaluation+programs+for+novel+therapeutics+used+in+neurologic+diseases.&rft.au=Cavagnaro%2C+J+A%3BLiu%2C+S&rft.aulast=Cavagnaro&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft.volume=765&rft.issue=&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low environmental temperatures or pharmacologic agents that produce hyperthermia decrease methamphetamine neurotoxicity in mice. AN - 77685921; 7486639 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Ali, S F AU - Newport, R R AU - Holson, W AU - Slikker, W AU - Bowyer, J F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 15 SP - 338 VL - 765 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - Pentobarbital KW - I4744080IR KW - Haloperidol KW - J6292F8L3D KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Phenobarbital KW - YQE403BP4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Phenobarbital -- pharmacology KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Haloperidol -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Cold Temperature KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Pentobarbital -- pharmacology KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- pharmacology KW - Hypothermia -- physiopathology KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Methamphetamine -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Hypothermia, Induced KW - Neurotoxins -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Methamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77685921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Low+environmental+temperatures+or+pharmacologic+agents+that+produce+hyperthermia+decrease+methamphetamine+neurotoxicity+in+mice.&rft.au=Ali%2C+S+F%3BNewport%2C+R+R%3BHolson%2C+W%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BBowyer%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft.volume=765&rft.issue=&rft.spage=338&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pro-oxidant effects of cross-linked haemoglobins explored using liposome and cytochrome c oxidase vesicle model membranes. AN - 77539259; 7575415 AB - The therapeutic use of cell-free haemoglobin as a blood substitute has been hampered by toxicological effects. A model asolectin (phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine) liposome system was utilized to study the pro-oxidant efficiency of several chemically modified haemoglobins on biological membranes. Lipid peroxidation, resulting from the interactions between haemoglobin and liposomes, was measured by conjugated diene formation and the maximal rates of oxygen uptake. Spectral changes gave insight into the occurrence of the ferryl iron species. The residual reactivity of oxidatively damaged haemoglobins with ligands during incubation with liposomes was assessed from rapid kinetic carbon monoxide-binding experiments. Liposomes in which cytochrome c oxidase was embedded show both haemoglobin and the enzyme to be oxidatively damaged during incubation. The functional state of cytochrome c oxidase was monitored in the presence and absence of a free radical scavenger. Once in contact, both unmodified and modified haemoglobins triggered and maintained severe radical-mediated membrane damage. Differences in the pro-oxidant activities among haemoglobins may be explained by either the differential population of their ferryl intermediates or disparate dimerization and transfer of haem into the membrane with subsequent haem degradation. This study may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular determinants of haemoglobin interactions with a variety of biological membranes. JF - The Biochemical journal AU - Rogers, M S AU - Patel, R P AU - Reeder, B J AU - Sarti, P AU - Wilson, M T AU - Alayash, A I AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20815, USA. Y1 - 1995/09/15/ PY - 1995 DA - 1995 Sep 15 SP - 827 EP - 833 VL - 310 ( Pt 3) SN - 0264-6021, 0264-6021 KW - Cross-Linking Reagents KW - 0 KW - Hemoglobins KW - Liposomes KW - Oxyhemoglobins KW - Phosphatidylcholines KW - Phospholipids KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - asolectin KW - 69279-91-0 KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Carboxyhemoglobin KW - 9061-29-4 KW - Electron Transport Complex IV KW - EC 1.9.3.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Carboxyhemoglobin -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Kinetics KW - Mitochondria, Heart -- enzymology KW - Spectrophotometry KW - Carbon Monoxide -- metabolism KW - Models, Biological KW - Oxyhemoglobins -- pharmacology KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- chemistry KW - Hemoglobins -- pharmacology KW - Hemoglobins -- chemistry KW - Electron Transport Complex IV -- metabolism KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77539259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.atitle=Pro-oxidant+effects+of+cross-linked+haemoglobins+explored+using+liposome+and+cytochrome+c+oxidase+vesicle+model+membranes.&rft.au=Rogers%2C+M+S%3BPatel%2C+R+P%3BReeder%2C+B+J%3BSarti%2C+P%3BWilson%2C+M+T%3BAlayash%2C+A+I&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-09-15&rft.volume=310+%28+Pt+3%29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=827&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.issn=02646021&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-10-26 N1 - Date created - 1995-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 1994;22(3):429-41 [7994366] Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 1994;22(3):399-413 [7994364] Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 1994;22(3):777-87 [7994400] Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 1994;22(3):923-31 [7994419] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Jan 10;316(1):461-9 [7840650] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Apr 27;1248(2):135-42 [7748895] J Biol Chem. 1961 Jun;236:1680-8 [13787373] J Exp Med. 1969 May 1;129(5):925-34 [5778790] J Biol Chem. 1972 Feb 25;247(4):1338-9 [4334497] J Biol Chem. 1972 Jun 25;247(12):3783-91 [5033390] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Feb 14;375(3):477-82 [1122283] J Biol Chem. 1977 Oct 25;252(20):6981-90 [198397] J Biol Chem. 1978 Apr 10;253(7):2386-91 [204647] Methods Enzymol. 1981;76:5-29 [7329272] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1982 Apr 23;687(1):63-70 [7074106] Biochemistry. 1982 Nov 9;21(23):5901-9 [6817783] Biochem J. 1984 Jun 15;220(3):685-92 [6466294] Biochemistry. 1984 Jul 31;23(16):3715-21 [6089878] EMBO J. 1985 Sep;4(9):2365-8 [3000774] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1986 May 28;857(2):139-45 [3635413] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(20):7280-4 [3478694] Eur J Biochem. 1987 Nov 16;169(1):1-8 [2445564] J Biochem Biophys Methods. 1988 Oct;17(2):143-54 [3216090] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1990 Aug 15;281(1):163-9 [2383021] J Biol Chem. 1990 Sep 5;265(25):14881-5 [1697581] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Jan 30;1061(2):297-303 [1998698] J Biol Chem. 1991 Dec 25;266(36):24698-701 [1761565] FEBS Lett. 1992 Jun 1;303(2-3):154-8 [1607013] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Oct;298(1):114-20 [1524419] Stroke. 1993 Jun;24(6):839-45; discussion 845-6 [8506555] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Oct 15;90(20):9285-9 [8415693] Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Dec 14;46(12):2299-305 [8274164] J Appl Physiol (1985). 1993 Nov;75(5):2224-33 [7508430] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1994 May 1;310(2):392-6 [8179324] Methods Enzymol. 1994;232:460-85 [8057875] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Sep 21;1208(1):38-44 [8086437] Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 1994;22(3):443-55 [7994367] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER -