TY - JOUR T1 - A systems engineering analysis of three-point and four-point wind turbine drivetrain configurations AN - 1868341444; PQ0004054795 AB - This study compares the impact of drivetrain configuration on the mass and capital cost of a series of wind turbines ranging from 1.5 MW to 5.0 MW power ratings for both land-based and offshore applications. The analysis is performed with a new physics-based drivetrain analysis and sizing tool, Drive Systems Engineering (DriveSE), which is part of the Wind-Plant Integrated System Design & Engineering Model. DriveSE uses physics-based relationships to size all major drivetrain components according to given rotor loads simulated based on International Electrotechnical Commission design load cases. The model's sensitivity to input loads that contain a high degree of variability was analyzed. Aeroelastic simulations are used to calculate the rotor forces and moments imposed on the drivetrain for each turbine design. DriveSE is then used to size all of the major drivetrain components for each turbine for both three-point and four-point configurations. The simulation results quantify the trade-offs in mass and component costs for the different configurations. On average, a 16.7% decrease in total nacelle mass can be achieved when using a three-point drivetrain configuration, resulting in a 3.5% reduction in turbine capital cost. This analysis is driven by extreme loads and does not consider fatigue. Thus, the effects of configuration choices on reliability and serviceability are not captured. However, a first order estimate of the sizing, dimensioning and costing of major drivetrain components are made which can be used in larger system studies which consider trade-offs between subsystems such as the rotor, drivetrain and tower. JF - Wind Energy AU - Guo, Y AU - Parsons, T AU - Dykes, K AU - King, R N AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, 80401, Colorado, USA. Y1 - 2017/03// PY - 2017 DA - March 2017 SP - 537 EP - 550 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 1095-4244, 1095-4244 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Turbines KW - Sensitivity KW - Fatigue KW - Wind energy KW - Commissions KW - Simulation KW - Capital costs KW - Wind KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1868341444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=A+systems+engineering+analysis+of+three-point+and+four-point+wind+turbine+drivetrain+configurations&rft.au=Guo%2C+Y%3BParsons%2C+T%3BDykes%2C+K%3BKing%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10954244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.2022 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-03-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sensitivity; Turbines; Fatigue; Wind energy; Commissions; Simulation; Capital costs; Wind DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.2022 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative techno-economic analysis and process design for indirect liquefaction pathways to distillate-range fuels via biomass-derived oxygenated intermediates upgrading AN - 1868303210; PQ0004042822 AB - This paper presents a comparative techno-economic analysis (TEA) of five conversion pathways from biomass to gasoline-, jet-, and diesel-range hydrocarbons via indirect liquefaction with a specific focus on pathways utilizing oxygenated intermediates. The four emerging pathways of interest are compared with one conventional pathway (Fischer-Tropsch) for the production of the hydrocarbon blendstocks. The processing steps of the four emerging pathways include biomass-to-syngas via indirect gasification, syngas clean-up, conversion of syngas to alcohols/oxygenates followed by conversion of alcohols/oxygenates to hydrocarbon blendstocks via dehydration, oligomerization, and hydrogenation. Conversion of biomass-derived syngas to oxygenated intermediates occurs via three different pathways, producing: (i) mixed alcohols over a MoS sub(2) catalyst, (ii) mixed oxygenates (a mixture of C sub(2) sub(+) oxygenated compounds, predominantly ethanol, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate) using an Rh-based catalyst, and (iii) ethanol from syngas fermentation. This is followed by the conversion of oxygenates/alcohols to fuel-range olefins in two approaches: (i) mixed alcohols/ethanol to 1-butanol rich mixture via Guerbet reaction, followed by alcohol dehydration, oligomerization, and hydrogenation, and (ii) mixed oxygenates/ethanol to isobutene rich mixture and followed by oligomerization and hydrogenation. The design features a processing capacity of 2000 tonnes/day (2205 short tons) of dry biomass. The minimum fuel selling prices (MFSPs) for the four developing pathways range from $3.40 to $5.04 per gasoline-gallon equivalent (GGE), in 2011 US dollars. Sensitivity studies show that MFSPs can be improved with co-product credits and are comparable to the commercial Fischer-Tropsch benchmark ($3.58/GGE). Overall, this comparative TEA study documents potential economics for the developmental biofuel pathways via mixed oxygenates. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Tan, Eric CD AU - Snowden-Swan, Lesley J AU - Talmadge, Michael AU - Dutta, Abhijit AU - Jones, Susanne AU - Ramasamy, Karthikeyan K AU - Gray, Michel AU - Dagle, Robert AU - Padmaperuma, Asanga AU - Gerber, Mark AU - Sahir, Asad H AU - Tao, Ling AU - Zhang, Yanan AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DA - January 2017 SP - 41 EP - 66 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Fermentation KW - Fuels KW - Acetaldehyde KW - Liquefaction KW - Refining KW - Tea KW - Economics KW - alcohols KW - Catalysts KW - Tetraethylammonium KW - Ethanol KW - Alcohol KW - Sensitivity KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Oligomerization KW - Hydrogenation KW - Biomass KW - Acetic acid KW - Design KW - Ethyl acetate KW - Intermediates KW - Benchmarks KW - Biofuels KW - Dehydration KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1868303210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Comparative+techno-economic+analysis+and+process+design+for+indirect+liquefaction+pathways+to+distillate-range+fuels+via+biomass-derived+oxygenated+intermediates+upgrading&rft.au=Tan%2C+Eric+CD%3BSnowden-Swan%2C+Lesley+J%3BTalmadge%2C+Michael%3BDutta%2C+Abhijit%3BJones%2C+Susanne%3BRamasamy%2C+Karthikeyan+K%3BGray%2C+Michel%3BDagle%2C+Robert%3BPadmaperuma%2C+Asanga%3BGerber%2C+Mark%3BSahir%2C+Asad+H%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BZhang%2C+Yanan&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1710 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-03-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fermentation; Hydrocarbons; Acetaldehyde; Fuels; Oligomerization; Refining; Hydrogenation; Biomass; Acetic acid; Ethyl acetate; Economics; alcohols; Intermediates; Catalysts; Tetraethylammonium; Biofuels; Ethanol; Dehydration; Sensitivity; Alcohol; Fuel technology; Liquefaction; Design; Tea; Benchmarks DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1710 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capacity value assessments of wind power AN - 1859468444; PQ0003990519 AB - This article describes some of the recent research into the capacity value of wind power. With the worldwide increase in wind power during the past several years, there is increasing interest and significance regarding its capacity value because this has a direct influence on the amount of other (nonwind) capacity that is needed. We build on previous reviews from IEEE and IEA Wind Task 25 super(a) and examine recent work that evaluates the impact of multiple-year data sets and the impact of interconnected systems on resource adequacy. We also provide examples that explore the use of alternative reliability metrics for wind capacity value calculations. We show how multiple-year data sets significantly increase the robustness of results compared to single-year assessments. Assumptions regarding the transmission interconnections play a significant role. To date, results regarding which reliability metric to use for probabilistic capacity valuation show little sensitivity to the metric. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e226. doi: 10.1002/wene.226 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website . JF - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment AU - Milligan, Michael AU - Frew, Bethany AU - Ibanez, Eduardo AU - Kiviluoma, Juha AU - Holttinen, Hannele AU - Soder, Lennart AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DA - January 2017 SP - [np] PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 United States VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 2041-8396, 2041-8396 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Sensitivity KW - Wind energy KW - Energy KW - Wind KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859468444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wiley+Interdisciplinary+Reviews%3A+Energy+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Capacity+value+assessments+of+wind+power&rft.au=Milligan%2C+Michael%3BFrew%2C+Bethany%3BIbanez%2C+Eduardo%3BKiviluoma%2C+Juha%3BHolttinen%2C+Hannele%3BSoder%2C+Lennart&rft.aulast=Milligan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=%5Bnp%5D&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wiley+Interdisciplinary+Reviews%3A+Energy+and+Environment&rft.issn=20418396&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwene.226 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sensitivity; Wind energy; Energy; Wind DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wene.226 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maximization of the annual energy production of wind power plants by optimization of layout and yaw-based wake control AN - 1855078857; PQ0003959212 AB - This paper presents a wind plant modeling and optimization tool that enables the maximization of wind plant annual energy production (AEP) using yaw-based wake steering control and layout changes. The tool is an extension of a wake engineering model describing the steady-state effects of yaw on wake velocity profiles and power productions of wind turbines in a wind plant. To make predictions of a wind plant's AEP, necessary extensions of the original wake model include coupling it with a detailed rotor model and a control policy for turbine blade pitch and rotor speed. This enables the prediction of power production with wake effects throughout a range of wind speeds. We use the tool to perform an example optimization study on a wind plant based on the Princess Amalia Wind Park. In this case study, combined optimization of layout and wake steering control increases AEP by 5%. The power gains from wake steering control are highest for region 1.5 inflow wind speeds, and they continue to be present to some extent for the above-rated inflow wind speeds. The results show that layout optimization and wake steering are complementary because significant AEP improvements can be achieved with wake steering in a wind plant layout that is already optimized to reduce wake losses. JF - Wind Energy AU - Gebraad, Pieter AU - Thomas, Jared J AU - Ning, Andrew AU - Fleming, Paul AU - Dykes, Katherine AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DA - January 2017 SP - 97 EP - 107 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 1095-4244, 1095-4244 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Turbines KW - Case studies KW - Wind energy KW - Energy KW - Inflow KW - Velocity KW - Wind KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1855078857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=Maximization+of+the+annual+energy+production+of+wind+power+plants+by+optimization+of+layout+and+yaw-based+wake+control&rft.au=Gebraad%2C+Pieter%3BThomas%2C+Jared+J%3BNing%2C+Andrew%3BFleming%2C+Paul%3BDykes%2C+Katherine&rft.aulast=Gebraad&rft.aufirst=Pieter&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10954244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.1993 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Turbines; Case studies; Wind energy; Inflow; Energy; Velocity; Wind DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.1993 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progressing towards more quantitative analytical pyrolysis of soil organic matter using molecular beam mass spectroscopy of whole soils and added standards AN - 1849310058; 2016-106606 AB - Soil organic matter (SOM) is extremely complex. It is composed of hundreds of different organic substances and it has been difficult to quantify these diverse substances in a dynamic- ecosystem functioning standpoint.Analytical pyrolysis has been used to compare chemical differences between soils, but its ability to measure the absolute amount of a specific compound in the soil is still in question.Our objective was to assess whether utilizing pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectroscopy (py-MBMS) to define the signature of known reference compounds (adenine, indole, palmitic acid, etc.) and biological samples (chitin, fungi, cellulose, etc.) separately and when added to whole soils it was possible to make py-MBMS more quantitative.Reference compounds, spanning a wide variety of compound categories, and biological samples, expected to be present in SOM, were added to three soils from Colorado, Ohio, and Massachusetts that have varying total C, % clay, and clay type. Py-MBMS, a rapid analysis technique originally developed to analyze complex biomolecules, flash pyrolyzes soil organic matter to form products that are often considered characteristic of the original molecular structure. Samples were pyrolyzed at 550 degrees C by py-MBMS.All samples were weighed and %C and %N determined both before and after pyrolysis to evaluate mass loss, C loss, and N loss for the samples.An average relationship of r (super 2) = 0.76 (P = 0.005) was found for the amount of cellulose added to soil at 25, 50, and 100% of soil C relative to the ion intensity of select mass/charge of the compound.There was a relationship of r (super 2) = 0.93 (P < 0.001) for the amount of indole added to soil at 25, 50, and 100% of soil C and the ion intensity of the associated mass variables (mass/charge).Comparing spectra of pure compounds with the spectra of the compounds added to soil and isolated clay showed that interference could occur based on soil type and compound with the Massachusetts soil with high C (55.8 g C kg (super -1) ) and low % clay (5.4%) having the least interference and the Colorado soil with low C (14.6 g C kg (super -1) ) and a moderate smectite clay content of 14% having the greatest soil interference.Due to soil interference from clay type and content and varying optimum temperatures of pyrolysis for different compounds it is unlikely that analytical pyrolysis can be quantitative for all types of compounds. Select compound categories such as carbohydrates have the potential to be quantified in soil with analytical pyrolysis due to the fact that they: 1) almost fully pyrolyzed, 2) were represented by a limited number of m/z, and 3) had a strong relationship with the amount added and the total ion intensity produced. The three different soils utilized in this study had similar proportions of C pyrolyzed in the whole soil (54-57%) despite differences in %C and %clay between the soils. Mid-infrared spectroscopic analyses of the soil before and after pyrolysis showed that pyrolysis resulted in reductions in the 3400, 2930-2870, 1660 and 1430 cm (super -1) bands.These bands are primarily representative of OH and NH bonds, CH stretch, and delta (CH (sub 2) ) in polysaccharides/lipid and are associated with mineralizable SOM. The incorporation of standards into routine analytical pyrolysis allowed us to assess the quantitative potential of py-MBMS along with the effect of the mineral matrix, which we believe is applicable to all forms of analytical pyrolysis. JF - Geoderma AU - Haddix, Michelle L AU - Magrini-Bair, Kim AU - Evans, Robert J AU - Conant, Richard T AU - Wallenstein, Matthew D AU - Morris, Sherri J AU - Calderon, Francisco AU - Paul, Eldor A Y1 - 2016/12// PY - 2016 DA - December 2016 SP - 88 EP - 100 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 283 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - Akron Colorado KW - eastern Massachusetts KW - northwestern Ohio KW - mass spectra KW - northeastern Colorado KW - Middlesex County Massachusetts KW - Hoytville Ohio KW - quantitative analysis KW - pyrolysis KW - Massachusetts KW - standard materials KW - Great Plains KW - applications KW - spectra KW - geochemistry KW - Ohio KW - soils KW - North America KW - chemical analysis KW - smectite KW - mass spectroscopy KW - Washington County Colorado KW - molecular beam methods KW - measurement KW - clay minerals KW - Alfisols KW - organic compounds KW - Inceptisols KW - sheet silicates KW - Colorado KW - spectroscopy KW - Mollisols KW - 25:Soils KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1849310058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Progressing+towards+more+quantitative+analytical+pyrolysis+of+soil+organic+matter+using+molecular+beam+mass+spectroscopy+of+whole+soils+and+added+standards&rft.au=Haddix%2C+Michelle+L%3BMagrini-Bair%2C+Kim%3BEvans%2C+Robert+J%3BConant%2C+Richard+T%3BWallenstein%2C+Matthew+D%3BMorris%2C+Sherri+J%3BCalderon%2C+Francisco%3BPaul%2C+Eldor+A&rft.aulast=Haddix&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.volume=283&rft.issue=&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.geoderma.2016.07.027 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 70 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-16 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Akron Colorado; Alfisols; applications; chemical analysis; clay minerals; Colorado; eastern Massachusetts; geochemistry; Great Plains; Hoytville Ohio; Inceptisols; mass spectra; mass spectroscopy; Massachusetts; measurement; Middlesex County Massachusetts; molecular beam methods; Mollisols; North America; northeastern Colorado; northwestern Ohio; Ohio; organic compounds; pyrolysis; quantitative analysis; sheet silicates; silicates; smectite; soils; spectra; spectroscopy; standard materials; United States; Washington County Colorado DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.07.027 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of thermal pretreatment and catalyst on biomass gasification efficiency and syngas composition AN - 1846422531; PQ0003893960 AB - This work explores the combined effects of thermal pretreatment and using a catalyst in situ on gasification carbon conversion efficiency, as well as product gas and tar content and compositions. To compare the effects of thermal pretreatment, pelletized and ground oak with three different levels of thermal pretreatment were gasified in a fluidized bed reactor. The pretreatments applied to the oak were (1) pelletization, (2) drying at 180 degree C in air, and (3) torrefaction at 270 degree C in nitrogen. The oak dried at 180 degree C produced syngas of similar quality and approximately the same amount of char as untreated oak. Torrefaction at 270 degree C resulted in syngas with a higher hydrogen to CO ratio, lower methane, and less than half of the total tar-all of which are desirable properties in terms of product gas quality. However, the oak torrefied at 270 degree C also produced more than two times the amount of char as the untreated, pelletized oak. To determine the effect of catalyst, a series of experiments were conducted using olivine impregnated with nickel and cerium as the fluidized bed material in the gasifier. These tests showed that modified olivine can improve hydrogen production and reduce methane and tar levels in the syngas. The result was observed for both treated and untreated oak; although the effect was more substantial for untreated oak, for which the use of modified olivine reduced tar concentrations in the product gas by 60%, with a larger reduction in heavier tars than lighter tars. This result is important because reduction in heavier tar plays a more important role in benefitting downstream operations. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Cheah, Singfoong AU - Jablonski, Whitney S AU - Olstad, Jessica L AU - Carpenter, Daniel L AU - Barthelemy, Kevin D AU - Robichaud, David J AU - Andrews, Joy C AU - Black, Stuart K AU - Oddo, Marc D AU - Westover, Tyler L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/11// PY - 2016 DA - November 2016 SP - 6291 EP - 6304 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 18 IS - 23 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Methane KW - Tar KW - Cerium KW - Nickel KW - Hydrogen KW - Biomass KW - Carbon KW - Fluidized beds KW - Green development KW - Downstream KW - Catalysts KW - Nitrogen KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1846422531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+thermal+pretreatment+and+catalyst+on+biomass+gasification+efficiency+and+syngas+composition&rft.au=Cheah%2C+Singfoong%3BJablonski%2C+Whitney+S%3BOlstad%2C+Jessica+L%3BCarpenter%2C+Daniel+L%3BBarthelemy%2C+Kevin+D%3BRobichaud%2C+David+J%3BAndrews%2C+Joy+C%3BBlack%2C+Stuart+K%3BOddo%2C+Marc+D%3BWestover%2C+Tyler+L&rft.aulast=Cheah&rft.aufirst=Singfoong&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=6291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6gc01661h LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 57 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methane; Carbon; Green development; Nickel; Cerium; Fluidized beds; Tar; Downstream; Hydrogen; Catalysts; Biomass; Nitrogen DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc01661h ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Techno-economic analysis of a conceptual biofuel production process from bioethylene produced by photosynthetic recombinant cyanobacteria AN - 1846419368; PQ0003893955 AB - Ethylene is a petrochemical produced in large volumes worldwide. It serves as a building block for a wide variety of plastics, textiles, and chemicals, and can be converted into liquid transportation fuels. There is great interest in the development of technologies that produce ethylene from renewable resources, such as biologically derived CO2 and biomass. One of the metabolic pathways used by microbes to produce ethylene is via an ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE). By expressing a bacterial EFE gene in a cyanobacterium, ethylene has been produced through photosynthetic carbon fixation. Here, we present a conceptual design and techno-economic analysis of a process of biofuel production based on the upgradation of ethylene generated by the recombinant cyanobacterium. This analysis focuses on potential near-term to long-term cost projections for the integrated process of renewable fuels derived from ethylene. The cost projections are important in showing the potential of this technology and determining research thrusts needed to reach target goals. The base case for this analysis is a midterm projection using tubular photobioreactors for cyanobacterial growth and ethylene production, cryogenic distillation for ethylene separation and purification, a two-step Ziegler oligomerization process with subsequent hydrotreatment and upgradation for fuel production, and a wastewater treatment process that utilizes anaerobic digestion of cyanobacterial biomass. The minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) for the midterm projection is $15.07 per gallon gasoline equivalent (GGE). Near-term and long-term projections are $28.66 per GGE and $5.36 per GGE, respectively. Single- and multi-point sensitivity analyses are conducted to determine the relative effect that chosen variables could have on the overall costs. This analysis identifies several key variables for improving the overall process economics and outlines strategies to guide future research directions. The productivity of ethylene has the largest effect on cost and is calculated based on a number of variables that are incorporated into this cost model (i.e., quantum requirement, photon transmission efficiency, and the percent of energy going to either ethylene or cyanobacterial biomass production). JF - Green Chemistry AU - Markham, Jennifer N AU - Tao, Ling AU - Davis, Ryan AU - Voulis, Nina AU - Angenent, Largus T AU - Ungerer, Justin AU - Yu, Jianping AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401; USA; +1-303-384-7809 Y1 - 2016/11// PY - 2016 DA - November 2016 SP - 6266 EP - 6281 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 18 IS - 23 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Photosynthesis KW - Photons KW - Gasoline KW - Fuels KW - Petrochemicals KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Models KW - Economics KW - Metabolic pathways KW - Plastics KW - Cryogenics KW - Sustainable yield KW - Energy efficiency KW - Oligomerization KW - Enzymes KW - Anaerobic digestion KW - Biomass KW - photobioreactors KW - Renewable resources KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Textiles KW - Renewable energy KW - Energy KW - Ethylene KW - Purification KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Biofuels KW - Technology KW - Carbon fixation KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - K 03450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1846419368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Techno-economic+analysis+of+a+conceptual+biofuel+production+process+from+bioethylene+produced+by+photosynthetic+recombinant+cyanobacteria&rft.au=Markham%2C+Jennifer+N%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BDavis%2C+Ryan%3BVoulis%2C+Nina%3BAngenent%2C+Largus+T%3BUngerer%2C+Justin%3BYu%2C+Jianping&rft.aulast=Markham&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=6266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6gc01083k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 77 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sustainable yield; Photons; Gasoline; Fuels; Oligomerization; Enzymes; Biomass; Anaerobic digestion; photobioreactors; Wastewater treatment; Models; Textiles; Energy; Economics; Metabolic pathways; Plastics; Purification; Ethylene; Carbon dioxide; Cryogenics; Biofuels; Carbon fixation; Fuel technology; Energy efficiency; Photosynthesis; Petrochemicals; Renewable resources; Sensitivity analysis; Renewable energy; Technology; Cyanobacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc01083k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lignin depolymerization by fungal secretomes and a microbial sink AN - 1846417004; PQ0003848288 AB - In Nature, powerful oxidative enzymes secreted by white rot fungi and some bacteria catalyze lignin depolymerization and some microbes are able to catabolize the resulting aromatic compounds as carbon and energy sources. Taken together, these two processes offer a potential route for microbial valorization of lignin. However, many challenges remain in realizing this concept, including that oxidative enzymes responsible for lignin depolymerization also catalyze polymerization of low molecular weight (LMW) lignin. Here, multiple basidiomycete secretomes were screened for ligninolytic enzyme activities in the presence of a residual lignin solid stream from a corn stover biorefinery, dubbed DMR-EH (Deacetylation, Mechanical Refining, and Enzymatic Hydrolysis) lignin. Two selected fungal secretomes, with high levels of laccases and peroxidases, were utilized for DMR-EH lignin depolymerization assays. The secretome from Pleurotus eryngii, which exhibited the highest laccase activity, reduced the lignin average molecular weight (Mw) by 63% and 75% at pH 7 compared to the Mw of the control treated at the same conditions and the initial DMR-EH lignin, respectively, and was applied in further depolymerization assays as a function of time. As repolymerization was observed after 3 days of incubation, an aromatic-catabolic microbe (Pseudomonas putida KT2440) was incubated with the fungal secretome and DMR-EH lignin. These experiments demonstrated that the presence of the bacterium enhances lignin depolymerization, likely due to bacterial catabolism of LMW lignin, which may partially prevent repolymerization. In addition, proteomics was also applied to the P. eryngii secretome to identify the enzymes present in the fungal cocktail utilized for the depolymerization assays, which highlighted a significant number of glucose/methanol/choline (GMC) oxidoreductases and laccases. Overall, this study demonstrates that ligninolytic enzymes can be used to partially depolymerize a solid, high lignin content biorefinery stream and that the presence of an aromatic-catabolic bacterium as a "microbial sink" improves the extent of enzymatic lignin depolymerization. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Salvachua, Davinia AU - Katahira, Rui AU - Cleveland, Nicholas S AU - Khanna, Payal AU - Resch, Michael G AU - Black, Brenna A AU - Purvine, Samuel O AU - Zink, Erika M AU - Prieto, Alicia AU - Martinez, Maria J AU - Martinez, Angel T AU - Simmons, Blake A AU - Gladden, John M AU - Beckham, Gregg T AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL); Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/11// PY - 2016 DA - November 2016 SP - 6046 EP - 6062 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 18 IS - 22 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Choline KW - Polymerization KW - Peroxidase KW - Methanol KW - Glucose KW - Carbon sources KW - Deacetylation KW - Energy sources KW - Streams KW - Carbon KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Basidiomycetes KW - Pleurotus eryngii KW - Molecular weight KW - secretome KW - Corn KW - Pseudomonas putida KW - pH effects KW - pH KW - Bacteria KW - Depolymerization KW - Fungi KW - Enzymes KW - Hydrolysis KW - White rot KW - Laccase KW - ligninolytic enzymes KW - Energy KW - Green development KW - Lignin KW - oxidoreductase KW - proteomics KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1846417004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Lignin+depolymerization+by+fungal+secretomes+and+a+microbial+sink&rft.au=Salvachua%2C+Davinia%3BKatahira%2C+Rui%3BCleveland%2C+Nicholas+S%3BKhanna%2C+Payal%3BResch%2C+Michael+G%3BBlack%2C+Brenna+A%3BPurvine%2C+Samuel+O%3BZink%2C+Erika+M%3BPrieto%2C+Alicia%3BMartinez%2C+Maria+J%3BMartinez%2C+Angel+T%3BSimmons%2C+Blake+A%3BGladden%2C+John+M%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg+T&rft.aulast=Salvachua&rft.aufirst=Davinia&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=6046&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6gc01531j LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 73 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Choline; Polymerization; Depolymerization; Peroxidase; Fungi; Methanol; Glucose; Enzymes; Deacetylation; Carbon sources; Hydrolysis; Streams; White rot; Laccase; Aromatic compounds; ligninolytic enzymes; secretome; Molecular weight; Energy; Lignin; oxidoreductase; proteomics; pH effects; Bacteria; Carbon; Green development; Corn; Energy sources; pH; Pleurotus eryngii; Basidiomycetes; Pseudomonas putida DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc01531j ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Zymomonas mobilis as a model system for production of biofuels and biochemicals AN - 1837337780; PQ0003762347 AB - Zymomonas mobilis is a natural ethanologen with many desirable industrial biocatalyst characteristics. In this review, we will discuss work to develop Z. mobilis as a model system for biofuel production from the perspectives of substrate utilization, development for industrial robustness, potential product spectrum, strain evaluation and fermentation strategies. This review also encompasses perspectives related to classical genetic tools and emerging technologies in this context. Zymomonas mobilis is a natural ethanologen with many desirable industrial biocatalyst characteristics. In this review, we will discuss work to develop Z. mobilis as a model system for biofuel production from the perspectives of substrate utilization, development for industrial robustness, potential product spectrum, strain evaluation and fermentation strategies. This review also encompasses perspectives related to classical genetic tools and emerging technologies in this context. JF - Microbial Biotechnology AU - Yang, Shihui AU - Fei, Qiang AU - Zhang, Yaoping AU - Contreras, Lydia M AU - Utturkar, Sagar M AU - Brown, Steven D AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Zhang, Min AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA. Y1 - 2016/11// PY - 2016 DA - November 2016 SP - 699 EP - 717 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ United Kingdom VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1751-7915, 1751-7915 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fermentation KW - biocatalysts KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Biofuels KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1837337780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Zymomonas+mobilis+as+a+model+system+for+production+of+biofuels+and+biochemicals&rft.au=Yang%2C+Shihui%3BFei%2C+Qiang%3BZhang%2C+Yaoping%3BContreras%2C+Lydia+M%3BUtturkar%2C+Sagar+M%3BBrown%2C+Steven+D%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BZhang%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Shihui&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Biotechnology&rft.issn=17517915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2F1751-7915.12408 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fermentation; biocatalysts; Biofuels; Zymomonas mobilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12408 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Standardization of chemical analytical techniques for pyrolysis bio-oil: history, challenges, and current status of methods AN - 1819138330; PQ0003638396 AB - In this perspective, we discuss the standardization of analytical techniques for pyrolysis bio-oils, including the current status of methods, and our opinions on future directions. First, the history of past standardization efforts is summarized, and both successful and unsuccessful validation of analytical techniques highlighted. The majority of analytical standardization studies to-date has tested only physical characterization techniques. Here, we present results from an international round robin on the validation of chemical characterization techniques for bio-oils. Techniques tested included acid number, carbonyl titrations using two different methods (one at room temperature and one at 80 degree C), super(31)P NMR for determination of hydroxyl groups, and a quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Both carbonyl titration and acid number methods have yielded acceptable inter-laboratory variabilities. super(31)P NMR produced acceptable results for aliphatic and phenolic hydroxyl groups, but not for carboxylic hydroxyl groups. As shown in previous round robins, GC-MS results were more variable. Reliable chemical characterization of bio-oils will enable upgrading research and allow for detailed comparisons of bio-oils produced at different facilities. Reliable analytics are also needed to enable an emerging bioenergy industry, as processing facilities often have different analytical needs and capabilities than research facilities. We feel that correlations in reliable characterizations of bio-oils will help strike a balance between research and industry, and will ultimately help to -determine metrics for bio-oil quality. Finally, the standardization of additional analytical methods is needed, particularly for upgraded bio-oils. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Ferrell, Jack R AU - Olarte, Mariefel V AU - Christensen, Earl D AU - Padmaperuma, Asanga B AU - Connatser, Raynella M AU - Stankovikj, Filip AU - Meier, Dietrich AU - Paasikallio, Ville AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 496 EP - 507 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Historical account KW - Fuel technology KW - Temperature KW - Refining KW - Carbonyl compounds KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Spectrometry KW - Pyrolysis KW - Standardization KW - Gas chromatography KW - Titration KW - phenolic compounds KW - Standards KW - N.M.R. KW - carbonyls KW - Biofuels KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1819138330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Standardization+of+chemical+analytical+techniques+for+pyrolysis+bio-oil%3A+history%2C+challenges%2C+and+current+status+of+methods&rft.au=Ferrell%2C+Jack+R%3BOlarte%2C+Mariefel+V%3BChristensen%2C+Earl+D%3BPadmaperuma%2C+Asanga+B%3BConnatser%2C+Raynella+M%3BStankovikj%2C+Filip%3BMeier%2C+Dietrich%3BPaasikallio%2C+Ville&rft.aulast=Ferrell&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1661 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Pyrolysis; Standardization; Gas chromatography; Titration; phenolic compounds; Refining; N.M.R.; carbonyls; Biofuels; Mass spectroscopy; Fuel technology; Historical account; Temperature; Standards; Carbonyl compounds; Spectrometry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1661 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic implications of incorporating emission controls to mitigate air pollutants emitted from a modeled hydrocarbon-fuel biorefinery in the United States AN - 1819136648; PQ0003638401 AB - The implementation of the US Renewable Fuel Standard is expected to increase the construction and operation of new biofuel facilities. Allowing this industry to grow without adversely affecting air quality is an important sustainability goal sought by multiple stakeholders. However, little is known about how the emission controls potentially required to comply with air quality regulations might impact biorefinery cost and deployment strategies such as siting and sizing. In this study, we use a baseline design for a lignocellulosic hydrocarbon biofuel production process to assess how the integration of emission controls impacts the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of the biofuel produced. We evaluate the change in MFSP for two cases as compared to the baseline design by incorporating (i) emission controls that ensure compliance with applicable federal air regulations and (ii) advanced control options that could be used to achieve potential best available control technology (BACT) emission limits. Our results indicate that compliance with federal air regulations can be achieved with minimal impact on biofuel cost (~$0.02 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) higher than the baseline price of $5.10 GGE super(-1)). However, if air emissions must be further reduced to meet potential BACT emission limits, the cost could increase nontrivially. For example, the MFSP could increase to $5.50 GGE super(-1) by adopting advanced emission controls to meet potential boiler BACT limits. Given tradeoffs among emission control costs, permitting requirements, and economies of scale, these results could help inform decisions about biorefinery siting and sizing and mitigate risks associated with air permitting. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Bhatt, Arpit AU - Zhang, Yimin AU - Davis, Ryan AU - Eberle, Annika AU - Heath, Garvin AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 603 EP - 622 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Gasoline KW - Environmental regulations KW - Fuels KW - Compliance KW - Air quality KW - Air pollution control KW - Emission control KW - Refining KW - Risk reduction KW - Sustainability KW - Air pollution KW - Integration KW - USA KW - Pollutants KW - Renewable energy KW - Economics KW - Emissions KW - Biofuels KW - Technology KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1819136648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Economic+implications+of+incorporating+emission+controls+to+mitigate+air+pollutants+emitted+from+a+modeled+hydrocarbon-fuel+biorefinery+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Bhatt%2C+Arpit%3BZhang%2C+Yimin%3BDavis%2C+Ryan%3BEberle%2C+Annika%3BHeath%2C+Garvin&rft.aulast=Bhatt&rft.aufirst=Arpit&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1666 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-26 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Integration; Pollutants; Gasoline; Hydrocarbons; Fuels; Economics; Refining; Biofuels; Fuel technology; Environmental regulations; Compliance; Emission control; Air pollution control; Air quality; Risk reduction; Sustainability; Air pollution; Renewable energy; Emissions; Technology; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1666 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unification of [FeFe]-hydrogenases into three structural and functional groups. AN - 1805489341; 27241847 AB - BACKGROUND[FeFe]-hydrogenases (Hyd) are structurally diverse enzymes that catalyze the reversible oxidation of hydrogen (H2). Recent biochemical data demonstrate new functional roles for these enzymes, including those that function in electron bifurcation where an exergonic reaction is coupled with an endergonic reaction to drive the reversible oxidation/production of H2.METHODSTo identify the structural determinants that underpin differences in enzyme functionality, a total of 714 homologous sequences of the catalytic subunit, HydA, were compiled. Bioinformatics approaches informed by biochemical data were then used to characterize differences in inferred quaternary structure, HydA active site protein environment, accessory iron-sulfur clusters in HydA, and regulatory proteins encoded in HydA gene neighborhoods.RESULTSHydA homologs were clustered into one of three classification groups, Group 1 (G1), Group 2 (G2), and Group 3 (G3). G1 enzymes were predicted to be monomeric while those in G2 and G3 were predicted to be multimeric and include HydB, HydC (G2/G3) and HydD (G3) subunits. Variation in the HydA active site and accessory iron-sulfur clusters did not vary by group type. Group-specific regulatory genes were identified in the gene neighborhoods of both G2 and G3 Hyd. Analyses of purified G2 and G3 enzymes by mass spectrometry strongly suggest that they are post-translationally modified by phosphorylation.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that bifurcation capability is dictated primarily by the presence of both HydB and HydC in Hyd complexes, rather than by variation in HydA.GENERAL SIGNIFICANCEThis classification scheme provides a framework for future biochemical and mutagenesis studies to elucidate the functional role of Hyd enzymes. JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta AU - Poudel, Saroj AU - Tokmina-Lukaszewska, Monika AU - Colman, Daniel R AU - Refai, Mohammed AU - Schut, Gerrit J AU - King, Paul W AU - Maness, Pin-Ching AU - Adams, Michael W W AU - Peters, John W AU - Bothner, Brian AU - Boyd, Eric S AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States. Electronic address: saroz189@gmail.com. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States. Electronic address: tokminalukas@gmail.com. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States. Electronic address: daniel.colman@montana.edu. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States. Electronic address: refai1982@gmail.com. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States. Electronic address: gerti@uga.edu. ; Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, United States. Electronic address: Paul.King@nrel.gov. ; Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, United States. Electronic address: PinChing.Maness@nrel.gov. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States. Electronic address: adams@bmb.uga.edu. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States. Electronic address: john.peters@chemistry.montana.edu. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States. Electronic address: bbothner@montana.edu. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States. Electronic address: eboyd@montana.edu. Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 1910 EP - 1921 VL - 1860 IS - 9 SN - 0006-3002, 0006-3002 KW - Index Medicus KW - Post-translational modification KW - [FeFe]-hydrogenase KW - Regulation KW - Hydrogen KW - Bioinformatics KW - Electron bifurcation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1805489341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.atitle=Unification+of+%5BFeFe%5D-hydrogenases+into+three+structural+and+functional+groups.&rft.au=Poudel%2C+Saroj%3BTokmina-Lukaszewska%2C+Monika%3BColman%2C+Daniel+R%3BRefai%2C+Mohammed%3BSchut%2C+Gerrit+J%3BKing%2C+Paul+W%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching%3BAdams%2C+Michael+W+W%3BPeters%2C+John+W%3BBothner%2C+Brian%3BBoyd%2C+Eric+S&rft.aulast=Poudel&rft.aufirst=Saroj&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=1860&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1910&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.bbagen.2016.05.034 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-07-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.034 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fast self-diffusion of ions in CH3NH3PbI3: the interstiticaly mechanism versus vacancy-assisted mechanism AN - 1819146220; PQ0003617724 AB - The stability of organic-inorganic halide perovskites is a major challenge for their applications and has been extensively studied. Among the possible underlying reasons, ion self-diffusion has been inferred to play important roles. While theoretical studies congruously support that iodine is more mobile, experimental studies only observe the direct diffusion of the MA ion and possible diffusion of iodine. The discrepancy may result from the incomplete understanding of ion diffusion mechanisms. With the help of first-principles calculations, we studied ion diffusion in CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) through not only the vacancy-assisted mechanisms presumed in previous theoretical studies, but also the neglected interstiticaly mechanisms. We found that compared to the diffusion through the vacancy-assisted mechanism, MA ion diffusion through the interstiticaly mechanism has a much smaller barrier which could explain experimental observations. For iodine diffusion, both mechanisms can yield relatively small barriers. Depending on the growth conditions, defect densities of vacancies and interstitials can vary and so do the diffusion species as well as diffusion mechanisms. Our work thus supports that both MA and iodine ion diffusion could contribute to the performance instability of MAPbI3. While being congruous with experimental results, our work fills the research gap by providing a full understanding of ion diffusion in halide perovskites. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Yang, Ji-Hui AU - Yin, Wan-Jian AU - Park, Ji-Sang AU - Wei, Su-Huai AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/08// PY - 2016 DA - August 2016 SP - 13105 EP - 13112 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 4 IS - 34 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Ions KW - Growth conditions KW - Energy KW - Iodine KW - Diffusion KW - Halides KW - Sustainability KW - ENA 21:Wildlife UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1819146220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Fast+self-diffusion+of+ions+in+CH3NH3PbI3%3A+the+interstiticaly+mechanism+versus+vacancy-assisted+mechanism&rft.au=Yang%2C+Ji-Hui%3BYin%2C+Wan-Jian%3BPark%2C+Ji-Sang%3BWei%2C+Su-Huai&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Ji-Hui&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=13105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6ta03599j LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 49 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ions; Growth conditions; Energy; Iodine; Diffusion; Halides; Sustainability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta03599j ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of acidic compounds in complex biomass-derived streams AN - 1815699512; PQ0003612601 AB - Biomass-derived streams that contain acidic compounds from the degradation of lignin and polysaccharides (e.g. black liquor, pyrolysis oil, pyrolytic lignin, etc.) are chemically complex solutions prone to instability and degradation during analysis, making quantification of compounds within them challenging. Here we present a robust analytical method to quantify acidic compounds in complex biomass-derived mixtures using ion exchange, sample reconstitution in pyridine and derivatization with BSTFA. The procedure is based on an earlier method originally reported for kraft black liquors and, in this work, is applied to identify and quantify a large slate of acidic compounds in corn stover derived alkaline pretreatment liquor (APL) as a function of pretreatment severity. Analysis of the samples is conducted with GCxGC-TOFMS to achieve good resolution of the components within the complex mixture. The results reveal the dominant low molecular weight components and their concentrations as a function of pretreatment severity. Application of this method is also demonstrated in the context of lignin conversion technologies by applying it to track the microbial conversion of an APL substrate. Here too excellent results are achieved, and the appearance and disappearance of compounds is observed in agreement with the known metabolic pathways of two bacteria, indicating the sample integrity was maintained throughout analysis. Finally, it is shown that this method applies more generally to lignin-rich materials by demonstrating its usefulness in analysis of pyrolysis oil and pyrolytic lignin. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Karp, Eric M AU - Nimlos, Claire T AU - Deutch, Steve AU - Salvachua, Davinia AU - Cywar, Robin M AU - Beckham, Gregg T AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/08// PY - 2016 DA - August 2016 SP - 4750 EP - 4760 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 18 IS - 17 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Pyrolysis KW - Oil KW - Bacteria KW - Degradation KW - Corn KW - Green development KW - Pyridines KW - Ion exchange KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1815699512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+acidic+compounds+in+complex+biomass-derived+streams&rft.au=Karp%2C+Eric+M%3BNimlos%2C+Claire+T%3BDeutch%2C+Steve%3BSalvachua%2C+Davinia%3BCywar%2C+Robin+M%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg+T&rft.aulast=Karp&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=4750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6gc00868b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 53 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Pyrolysis; Bacteria; Degradation; Green development; Corn; Pyridines; Ion exchange; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc00868b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computational identification of promising thermoelectric materials among known quasi-2D binary compounds AN - 1846408601; PQ0003831227 AB - Quasi low-dimensional structures are abundant among known thermoelectric materials, primarily because of their low lattice thermal conductivities. In this work, we have computationally assessed the potential of 427 known binary quasi-2D structures in 272 different chemistries for thermoelectric performance. To assess the thermoelectric performance, we employ an improved version of our previously developed descriptor for thermoelectric performance [Yan et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2015, 8, 983]. The improvement is in the explicit treatment of van der Waals interactions in quasi-2D materials, which leads to significantly better predictions of their crystal structures and lattice thermal conductivities. The improved methodology correctly identifies known binary quasi-2D thermoelectric materials such as Sb2Te3, Bi2Te3, SnSe, SnS, InSe, and In2Se3. As a result, we propose candidate quasi-2D binary materials, a number of which have not been previously considered for thermoelectric applications. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Gorai, Prashun AU - Toberer, Eric S AU - Stevanovic, Vladan AD - Colorado School of Mines; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/07// PY - 2016 DA - July 2016 SP - 11110 EP - 11116 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 4 IS - 28 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Thermal conductivity KW - Energy KW - Sustainability KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1846408601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Computational+identification+of+promising+thermoelectric+materials+among+known+quasi-2D+binary+compounds&rft.au=Gorai%2C+Prashun%3BToberer%2C+Eric+S%3BStevanovic%2C+Vladan&rft.aulast=Gorai&rft.aufirst=Prashun&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=28&rft.spage=11110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6ta04121c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Thermal conductivity; Energy; Sustainability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta04121c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In situ investigation of the formation and metastability of formamidinium lead tri-iodide perovskite solar cells AN - 1808664021; PQ0003400085 AB - Organic-inorganic perovskites have emerged as an important class of next generation solar cells due to their remarkably low cost, band gap, and sub-900 nm absorption onset. Here, we show a series of in situ observations inside electron microscopes and X-ray diffractometers under device-relevant synthesis conditions focused on revealing the crystallization process of the formamidinium lead-triiodide perovskite at the optimum temperature of 175 degree C. Direct in situ observations of the structure and chemistry over relevant spatial, temporal, and temperature scales enabled identification of key perovskite formation and degradation mechanisms related to grain evolution and interface chemistry. The lead composition was observed to fluctuate at grain boundaries, indicating a mobile lead-containing species, a process found to be partially reversible at a key temperature of 175 degree C. Using low energy electron microscopy and valence electron energy loss spectroscopy, lead is found to be bonded in the grain interior with iodine in a tetrahedral configuration. At the grain boundaries, the binding energy associated with lead is consequently shifted by nearly 2 eV and a doublet peak is resolved due presumably to a greater degree of hybridization and the potential for several different bonding configurations. At the grain boundaries there is adsorption of hydrogen and OH super(-) ions as a result of residual water vapor trapped as a non-crystalline material during formation. Insights into the relevant formation and decomposition reactions of formamidinium lead iodide at low to high temperatures, observed metastabilities, and relationship with the photovoltaic performance were obtained and used to optimize device processing resulting in conversion efficiencies of up to 17.09% within the stability period of the devices. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Aguiar, Jeffery A AU - Wozny, Sarah AU - Holesinger, Terry G AU - Aoki, Toshihiro AU - Patel, Maulik K AU - Yang, Mengjin AU - Berry, Joseph J AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak AU - Zhou, Weilie AU - Zhu, Kai AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO; 80401; USA; +1 (303) 384-6485; +1 (303) 384-6353 Y1 - 2016/07// PY - 2016 DA - July 2016 SP - 2372 EP - 2382 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 9 IS - 7 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Iodides KW - Hydrogen KW - Spectroscopy KW - Decomposition KW - Lead KW - High temperature KW - Absorption KW - Iodine KW - Grains KW - Electron microscopy KW - Crystallization KW - Temperature effects KW - Ions KW - Thermodynamics KW - Microscopes KW - Temperature KW - Solar cells KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Energy KW - Microscopy KW - Boundaries KW - Grain KW - Adsorption KW - Evolution KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808664021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=In+situ+investigation+of+the+formation+and+metastability+of+formamidinium+lead+tri-iodide+perovskite+solar+cells&rft.au=Aguiar%2C+Jeffery+A%3BWozny%2C+Sarah%3BHolesinger%2C+Terry+G%3BAoki%2C+Toshihiro%3BPatel%2C+Maulik+K%3BYang%2C+Mengjin%3BBerry%2C+Joseph+J%3BAl-Jassim%2C+Mowafak%3BZhou%2C+Weilie%3BZhu%2C+Kai&rft.aulast=Aguiar&rft.aufirst=Jeffery&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6ee01079b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Crystallization; Ions; Thermodynamics; Microscopes; Hydrogen; Spectroscopy; Decomposition; Lead; Energy; Ionizing radiation; Adsorption; Grain; Boundaries; Iodine; Electron microscopy; Evolution; Iodides; Temperature; Solar cells; High temperature; Microscopy; Absorption; Grains DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ee01079b ER - TY - GEN T1 - To Protect The Grid From Hackers, You Need To Break It AN - 1797448457 JF - Breaking Energy AU - Kevin Eber | National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2016/06/16/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Jun 16 CY - New York PB - SyndiGate Media Inc KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1797448457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aabitrade&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Breaking+Energy&rft.atitle=To+Protect+The+Grid+From+Hackers%2C+You+Need+To+Break+It&rft.au=Kevin+Eber+%3B+National+Renewable+Energy+Laboratory&rft.aulast=Kevin+Eber+%7C+National+Renewable+Energy+Laboratory&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2016-06-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Breaking+Energy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright © 2016 Breaking Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Provided by SyndiGate Media Inc. (Syndigate.info). N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural and chemical evolution of methylammonium lead halide perovskites during thermal processing from solution AN - 1808729179; PQ0003317589 AB - Following the prominent success of CH sub(3)NH sub(3)PbI sub(3) in photovoltaics and other optoelectronic applications, focus has been placed on better understanding perovskite crystallization from precursor and intermediate phases in order to facilitate improved crystallinity often desirable for advancing optoelectronic properties. Understanding of stability and degradation is also of critical importance as these materials seek commercial applications. In this study, we investigate the evolution of perovskites formed from targeted precursor chemistries by correlating in situ temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and mass spectral analysis of the evolved species. This suite of analyses reveals important precursor composition-induced variations in the processes underpinning perovskite formation and degradation. The addition of Cl super(-) leads to widely different precursor evolution and perovskite formation kinetics, and results in significant changes to the degradation mechanism, including suppression of crystalline PbI sub(2) formation and modification of the thermal stability of the perovskite phase. This work highlights the role of perovskite precursor chemistry in both its formation and degradation. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Nenon, David P AU - Christians, Jeffrey A AU - Wheeler, Lance M AU - Blackburn, Jeffrey L AU - Sanehira, Erin M AU - Dou, Benjia AU - Olsen, Michele L AU - Zhu, Kai AU - Berry, Joseph J AU - Luther, Joseph M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DA - June 2016 SP - 2072 EP - 2082 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Crystallization KW - Crystallinity KW - Degradation KW - Chloride KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Halides KW - Kinetics KW - Energy KW - Thermal stability KW - Evolution KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - X 24300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808729179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Structural+and+chemical+evolution+of+methylammonium+lead+halide+perovskites+during+thermal+processing+from+solution&rft.au=Nenon%2C+David+P%3BChristians%2C+Jeffrey+A%3BWheeler%2C+Lance+M%3BBlackburn%2C+Jeffrey+L%3BSanehira%2C+Erin+M%3BDou%2C+Benjia%3BOlsen%2C+Michele+L%3BZhu%2C+Kai%3BBerry%2C+Joseph+J%3BLuther%2C+Joseph+M&rft.aulast=Nenon&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2072&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6ee01047d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 61 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crystallization; Crystallinity; Energy; Kinetics; Chloride; Thermal stability; X-ray diffraction; Evolution; Photovoltaics; Degradation; Halides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ee01047d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tuning the driving force for exciton dissociation in single-walled carbon nanotube heterojunctions AN - 1808674315; PQ0003183138 AB - Understanding the kinetics and energetics of interfacial electron transfer in molecular systems is crucial for the development of a broad array of technologies, including photovoltaics, solar fuel systems and energy storage. The Marcus formulation for electron transfer relates the thermodynamic driving force and reorganization energy for charge transfer between a given donor/acceptor pair to the kinetics and yield of electron transfer. Here we investigated the influence of the thermodynamic driving force for photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and fullerene derivatives by employing time-resolved microwave conductivity as a sensitive probe of interfacial exciton dissociation. For the first time, we observed the Marcus inverted region (in which driving force exceeds reorganization energy) and quantified the reorganization energy for PET for a model SWCNT/acceptor system. The small reorganization energies (about 130meV, most of which probably arises from the fullerene acceptors) are beneficial in minimizing energy loss in photoconversion schemes. JF - Nature Chemistry AU - Ihly, Rachelle AU - Mistry, Kevin S AU - Ferguson, Andrew J AU - Clikeman, Tyler T AU - Larson, Bryon W AU - Reid, Obadiah AU - Boltalina, Olga V AU - Strauss, Steven H AU - Rumbles, Garry AU - Blackburn, Jeffrey L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA Y1 - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DA - June 2016 SP - 603 EP - 609 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW United Kingdom VL - 8 IS - 6 SN - 1755-4330, 1755-4330 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Storage KW - Carbon KW - Thermodynamics KW - Energy KW - Kinetics KW - Fuels KW - Nanotechnology KW - Technology KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808674315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Tuning+the+driving+force+for+exciton+dissociation+in+single-walled+carbon+nanotube+heterojunctions&rft.au=Ihly%2C+Rachelle%3BMistry%2C+Kevin+S%3BFerguson%2C+Andrew+J%3BClikeman%2C+Tyler+T%3BLarson%2C+Bryon+W%3BReid%2C+Obadiah%3BBoltalina%2C+Olga+V%3BStrauss%2C+Steven+H%3BRumbles%2C+Garry%3BBlackburn%2C+Jeffrey+L&rft.aulast=Ihly&rft.aufirst=Rachelle&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Chemistry&rft.issn=17554330&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnchem.2496 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Photovoltaics; Carbon; Thermodynamics; Fuels; Kinetics; Energy; Technology; Nanotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2496 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Downregulation of p-Coumaroyl Quinate/Shikimate 3'-Hydroxylase (C3'H) or Cinnamate-4-hydrolylase (C4H) in Eucalyptus urophyllaEucalyptus grandis Leads to Increased Extractability AN - 1790960518; PQ0003134680 AB - Lignin reduction through breeding and genetic modification has the potential to reduce costs in biomass processing in pulp and paper, forage, and lignocellulosic ethanol industries. Here, we present detailed characterization of the extractability and lignin structure of Eucalyptus urophyllaEucalyptus grandis RNAi downregulated in p-coumaroyl quinate/shikimate 3'-hydroxylase (C3'H) or cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H). Both the C3'H and C4H downregulated lines were found to have significantly higher extractability when exposed to NaOH base extraction, indicating altered cell wall construction. The molecular weight of isolated lignin was measured and lignin structure was determined by HSQC NMR-based lignin subunit analysis for control and the C3'H and C4H downregulated lines. The slight reductions in average molecular weights of the lignin isolated from the transgenic lines (C3'H=7000, C4H=6500, control=7300) does not appear to explain the difference in extractability. The HSQC NMR-based lignin subunit analysis showed increases in H lignin content for the C3'H but only slight differences in the lignin subunit structure of the C3'H and C4H downregulated lines when compared to the control. The greatest difference between the C3'H and C4H downregulated lines is the total lignin content; therefore, it appears that overall lowered lignin content contributes greatly to reduced recalcitrance and increased extractability of cell wall biopolymers. Further studies will be conducted to determine how the reduction in lignin content creates a less rigid cell wall that is more prone to extraction and sugar release. JF - BioEnergy Research AU - Ziebell, Angela AU - Gjersing, Erica AU - Hinchee, Maud AU - Katahira, Rui AU - Sykes, Robert W AU - Johnson, David K AU - Davis, Mark F AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401-3393, USA, erica.gjersing@nrel.gov Y1 - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DA - June 2016 SP - 691 EP - 699 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1939-1234, 1939-1234 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Breeding KW - Biopolymers KW - Forage KW - Biomass KW - Biofuels KW - Eucalyptus KW - Ethanol KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1790960518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioEnergy+Research&rft.atitle=Downregulation+of+p-Coumaroyl+Quinate%2FShikimate+3%27-Hydroxylase+%28C3%27H%29+or+Cinnamate-4-hydrolylase+%28C4H%29+in+Eucalyptus+urophyllaEucalyptus+grandis+Leads+to+Increased+Extractability&rft.au=Ziebell%2C+Angela%3BGjersing%2C+Erica%3BHinchee%2C+Maud%3BKatahira%2C+Rui%3BSykes%2C+Robert+W%3BJohnson%2C+David+K%3BDavis%2C+Mark+F&rft.aulast=Ziebell&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioEnergy+Research&rft.issn=19391234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12155-016-9713-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breeding; Biopolymers; Forage; Biomass; Biofuels; Ethanol; Eucalyptus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-016-9713-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrazine-Free Solution-Deposited CuIn(S,Se)2 Solar Cells by Spray Deposition of Metal Chalcogenides. AN - 1790018291; 27135679 AB - Solution processing of semiconductors, such as CuInSe2 and its alloys (CIGS), can significantly reduce the manufacturing costs of thin film solar cells. Despite the recent success of solution deposition approaches for CIGS, toxic reagents such as hydrazine are usually involved, which introduce health and safety concerns. Here, we present a simple and safer methodology for the preparation of high-quality CuIn(S, Se)2 absorbers from metal sulfide solutions in a diamine/dithiol mixture. The solutions are sprayed in air, using a chromatography atomizer, followed by a postdeposition selenization step. Two different selenization methods are explored resulting in power conversion efficiencies of up to 8%. JF - ACS applied materials & interfaces AU - Arnou, Panagiota AU - van Hest, Maikel F A M AU - Cooper, Carl S AU - Malkov, Andrei V AU - Walls, John M AU - Bowers, Jake W AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3305, United States. Y1 - 2016/05/18/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 May 18 SP - 11893 EP - 11897 VL - 8 IS - 19 KW - Index Medicus KW - atmospheric process KW - thin film KW - CIGS KW - solar cells KW - chalcopyrite UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1790018291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+applied+materials+%26+interfaces&rft.atitle=Hydrazine-Free+Solution-Deposited+CuIn%28S%2CSe%292+Solar+Cells+by+Spray+Deposition+of+Metal+Chalcogenides.&rft.au=Arnou%2C+Panagiota%3Bvan+Hest%2C+Maikel+F+A+M%3BCooper%2C+Carl+S%3BMalkov%2C+Andrei+V%3BWalls%2C+John+M%3BBowers%2C+Jake+W&rft.aulast=Arnou&rft.aufirst=Panagiota&rft.date=2016-05-18&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=11893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+applied+materials+%26+interfaces&rft.issn=1944-8252&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facsami.6b01541 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b01541 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - cis, cis-Muconic acid: separation and catalysis to bio-adipic acid for nylon-6,6 polymerization AN - 1808682076; PQ0003234586 AB - cis, cis-Muconic acid is a polyunsaturated dicarboxylic acid that can be produced renewably via the biological conversion of sugars and lignin-derived aromatic compounds. Subsequently, muconic acid can be catalytically converted to adipic acid - the most commercially significant dicarboxylic acid manufactured from petroleum. Nylon-6,6 is the major industrial application for adipic acid, consuming 85% of market demand; however, high purity adipic acid (99.8%) is required for polymer synthesis. As such, process technologies are needed to effectively separate and catalytically transform biologically derived muconic acid to adipic acid in high purity over stable catalytic materials. To that end, this study: (1) demonstrates bioreactor production of muconate at 34.5 g L super(-1) in an engineered strain of Pseudomonas putida KT2440, (2) examines the staged recovery of muconic acid from culture media, (3) screens platinum group metals (e.g., Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru) for activity and leaching stability on activated carbon (AC) and silica supports, (4) evaluates the time-on-stream performance of Rh/AC in a trickle bed reactor, and (5) demonstrates the polymerization of bio-adipic acid to nylon-6,6. Separation experiments confirmed AC effectively removed broth color compounds, but subsequent pH/temperature shift crystallization resulted in significant levels of Na, P, K, S and N in the crystallized product. Ethanol dissolution of muconic acid precipitated bulk salts, achieving a purity of 99.8%. Batch catalysis screening reactions determined that Rh and Pd were both highly active compared to Pt and Ru, but Pd leached significantly (1-9%) from both AC and silica supports. Testing of Rh/AC in a continuous trickle bed reactor for 100 h confirmed stable performance after 24 h, although organic adsorption resulted in reduced steady-state activity. Lastly, polymerization of bio-adipic acid with hexamethyldiamine produced nylon-6,6 with comparable properties to its petrochemical counterpart, thereby demonstrating a path towards bio-based nylon production via muconic acid. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Vardon, Derek R AU - Rorrer, Nicholas A AU - Salvachua, Davinia AU - Settle, Amy E AU - Johnson, Christopher W AU - Menart, Martin J AU - Cleveland, Nicholas S AU - Ciesielski, Peter N AU - Steirer, KXerxes AU - Dorgan, John R AU - Beckham, Gregg T AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DA - May 2016 SP - 3397 EP - 3413 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 18 IS - 11 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Leaching KW - Activated carbon KW - Temperature KW - Petrochemicals KW - Pseudomonas KW - Salts KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Silica KW - Petroleum KW - Bioreactors KW - Polymers KW - pH KW - Ethanol KW - Technology KW - Catalysis KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808682076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=cis%2C+cis-Muconic+acid%3A+separation+and+catalysis+to+bio-adipic+acid+for+nylon-6%2C6+polymerization&rft.au=Vardon%2C+Derek+R%3BRorrer%2C+Nicholas+A%3BSalvachua%2C+Davinia%3BSettle%2C+Amy+E%3BJohnson%2C+Christopher+W%3BMenart%2C+Martin+J%3BCleveland%2C+Nicholas+S%3BCiesielski%2C+Peter+N%3BSteirer%2C+KXerxes%3BDorgan%2C+John+R%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg+T&rft.aulast=Vardon&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5gc02844b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 97 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leaching; Activated carbon; Temperature; Petrochemicals; Salts; Silica; Aromatic compounds; Bioreactors; Petroleum; Polymers; pH; Catalysis; Technology; Ethanol; Pseudomonas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc02844b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design of nitride semiconductors for solar energy conversion AN - 1805502996; PQ0003043989 AB - Nitride semiconductors are a promising class of materials for solar energy conversion applications, such as photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical cells. Nitrides can have better solar absorption and electrical transport properties than the more widely studied oxides, as well as the potential for better scalability than other pnictides or chalcogenides. In addition, nitrides are also relatively unexplored compared to other chemistries, so they provide a great opportunity for new materials discovery. This paper reviews the recent advances in the design of novel semiconducting nitrides for solar energy conversion technologies. Both binary and multinary nitrides are discussed, with a range of metal chemistries (Cu sub(3)N, ZnSnN sub(2), Sn sub(3)N sub(4), etc.) and crystal structures (delafossite, perovskite, spinel, etc.), including a brief overview of wurtzite III-N materials and devices. The current scientific challenges and promising future directions in the field are also highlighted. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Zakutayev, Andriy AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; Colorado 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DA - May 2016 SP - 6742 EP - 6754 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 4 IS - 18 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Metals KW - Reviews KW - Solar cells KW - Energy KW - Zinc KW - Absorption KW - Solar energy KW - Sustainability KW - Design KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1805502996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Design+of+nitride+semiconductors+for+solar+energy+conversion&rft.au=Zakutayev%2C+Andriy&rft.aulast=Zakutayev&rft.aufirst=Andriy&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=6742&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5ta09446a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 96 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; Energy; Solar cells; Reviews; Zinc; Absorption; Solar energy; Sustainability; Technology; Design DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta09446a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of economic impacts of cellulosic biofuel production: acomparative analysis of three biofuel pathways AN - 1790966207; PQ0003082216 AB - The development of a cellulosic biofuel industry utilizing domestic biomass resources is expected to create opportunities for economic growth resulting from the construction and operation of new biorefineries. We applied an economic input-output model to estimate potential economic impacts, particularly gross job growth, resulting from the construction and operation of biorefineries using three different technology pathways: (i) cellulosic ethanol via biochemical conversion in Iowa, (ii) renewable diesel blendstock via biological conversion in Georgia, and (iii) renewable diesel and gasoline blendstock via fast pyrolysis in Mississippi. Combining direct, indirect (revenue- and supply-chain-related), and induced effects, capital investment associated with the construction of a biorefinery processing 2000 dry metric tons of biomass per day (DMT/day) could yield between 5960 and 8470 full-time equivalent (FTE) jobs during the construction period, depending on the biofuel pathways. Fast pyrolysis biorefineries produce the most jobs on a project level thanks to the highest capital requirement among the three pathways. Normalized on the scale of $1 million of capital investment, the fast pyrolysis biorefineries are estimated to yield slighter higher numbers of jobs (12.1 jobs) than the renewable diesel (11.8 jobs) and the cellulosic ethanol (11.6 jobs) biorefineries. While operating biorefineries is not labor-intensive, the annual operation of a 2000 DMT/day biorefinery could support between 720 and 970 jobs when the direct, indirect, and induced effects are considered. The major factor, which results in the variations among the three pathways, is the type of biomass feedstock used for biofuels. Unlike construction jobs, these operation-related jobs are necessary over the entire life of the biorefineries. Our results show that indirect effects stimulated by the operation of biorefineries are the primary contributor to job growth. The agriculture/forest, services, and trade industries are the primary sectors that will benefit from the ongoing operation of biorefineries. Copyright JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Zhang, Yimin AU - Goldberg, Marshall AU - Tan, Eric AU - Meyer, Pimphan Aye AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DA - May 2016 SP - 281 EP - 298 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Fuel technology KW - Trade KW - Biochemistry KW - Gasoline KW - Forests KW - Refining KW - Economics KW - Ethanol KW - Economic growth KW - Biomass KW - Pyrolysis KW - ASW, USA, Georgia KW - USA, Iowa KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Diesel KW - Biofuels KW - Technology KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1790966207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+economic+impacts+of+cellulosic+biofuel+production%3A+acomparative+analysis+of+three+biofuel+pathways&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yimin%3BGoldberg%2C+Marshall%3BTan%2C+Eric%3BMeyer%2C+Pimphan+Aye&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Yimin&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1637 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Pyrolysis; Gasoline; Economics; Forests; Refining; Diesel; Biomass; Biofuels; Ethanol; Fuel technology; Biochemistry; Trade; Economic growth; Technology; ASW, USA, Georgia; USA, Iowa; USA, Mississippi DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1637 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correction: Sunlight absorption in water - efficiency and design implications for photoelectrochemical devices AN - 1790953525; PQ0003093584 AB - Correction for 'Sunlight absorption in water - efficiency and design implications for photoelectrochemical devices' by H. Doscher et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7, 2951-2956. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Doscher, H AU - Geisz, J F AU - Deutsch, T G AU - Turner, JA AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DA - May 2016 SP - 1849 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Energy efficiency KW - Energy KW - Absorption KW - Sunlight KW - Design KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1790953525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Correction%3A+Sunlight+absorption+in+water+-+efficiency+and+design+implications+for+photoelectrochemical+devices&rft.au=Doscher%2C+H%3BGeisz%2C+J+F%3BDeutsch%2C+T+G%3BTurner%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Doscher&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1849&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6ee90022d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy efficiency; Energy; Absorption; Sunlight; Design DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ee90022d ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Story Of A House That Never Stayed Warm: A Well-Insulated Resolution AN - 1780356698 JF - Breaking Energy AU - Elizabeth Spencer Communicator | National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2016/04/12/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Apr 12 CY - New York PB - SyndiGate Media Inc KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1780356698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aabitrade&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Breaking+Energy&rft.atitle=The+Story+Of+A+House+That+Never+Stayed+Warm%3A+A+Well-Insulated+Resolution&rft.au=Elizabeth+Spencer+Communicator+%3B+National+Renewable+Energy+Laboratory&rft.aulast=Elizabeth+Spencer+Communicator+%7C+National+Renewable+Energy+Laboratory&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2016-04-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Breaking+Energy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright © 2016 Breaking Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Provided by SyndiGate Media Inc. (Syndigate.info). N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulations of cellulose translocation in the bacterial cellulose synthase suggest a regulatory mechanism for the dimeric structure of cellulose AN - 1794494650; PQ0002984656 AB - The processive cycle of the bacterial cellulose synthase (Bcs) includes the addition of a single glucose moiety to the end of a growing cellulose chain followed by the translocation of the nascent chain across the plasma membrane. The mechanism of this translocation and its precise location within the processive cycle are not well understood. In particular, the molecular details of how a polymer (cellulose) whose basic structural unit is a dimer (cellobiose) can be constructed by adding one monomer (glucose) at a time are yet to be elucidated. Here, we have utilized molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations to the shed light on these questions. We find that translocation forward by one glucose unit is quite favorable energetically, giving a free energy stabilization of greater than 10 kcal mol super(-1). In addition, there is only a small barrier to translocation, implying that translocation is not rate limiting within the Bcs processive cycle (given experimental rates for cellulose synthesis in vitro). Perhaps most significantly, our results also indicate that steric constraints at the transmembrane tunnel entrance regulate the dimeric structure of cellulose. Namely, when a glucose molecule is added to the cellulose chain in the same orientation as the acceptor glucose, the terminal glucose freely rotates upon forward motion, thus suggesting a regulatory mechanism for the dimeric structure of cellulose. We characterize both the conserved and non-conserved enzyme-polysaccharide interactions that drive translocation, and find that 20 of the 25 residues that strongly interact with the translocating cellulose chain in the simulations are well conserved, mostly with polar or aromatic side chains. Our results also allow for a dynamical analysis of the role of the so-called 'finger helix' in cellulose translocation that has been observed structurally. Taken together, these findings aid in the elucidation of the translocation steps of the Bcs processive cycle and may be widely relevant to polysaccharide synthesizing or degrading enzymes that couple catalysis with chain translocation. JF - Chemical Science AU - Knott, Brandon C AU - Crowley, Michael F AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Zimmer, Jochen AU - Beckham, Gregg T AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/04// PY - 2016 DA - April 2016 SP - 3108 EP - 3116 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 2041-6520, 2041-6520 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacteria KW - cellobiose KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - Enzymes KW - Polysaccharides KW - Tunnels KW - Free energy KW - Finger KW - Monomers KW - Plasma membranes KW - cellulose synthase KW - Translocation KW - Aromatics KW - Catalysis KW - A 01490:Miscellaneous KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1794494650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Science&rft.atitle=Simulations+of+cellulose+translocation+in+the+bacterial+cellulose+synthase+suggest+a+regulatory+mechanism+for+the+dimeric+structure+of+cellulose&rft.au=Knott%2C+Brandon+C%3BCrowley%2C+Michael+F%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BZimmer%2C+Jochen%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg+T&rft.aulast=Knott&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Science&rft.issn=20416520&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5sc04558d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-06-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cellobiose; Cellulose; Glucose; Enzymes; Tunnels; Polysaccharides; Free energy; Finger; Monomers; Plasma membranes; cellulose synthase; Translocation; Aromatics; Catalysis; Bacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc04558d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The formation mechanism for printed silver-contacts for silicon solar cells. AN - 1778707989; 27033774 AB - Screen-printing provides an economically attractive means for making Ag electrical contacts to Si solar cells, but the use of Ag substantiates a significant manufacturing cost, and the glass frit used in the paste to enable contact formation contains Pb. To achieve optimal electrical performance and to develop pastes with alternative, abundant and non-toxic materials, a better understanding the contact formation process during firing is required. Here, we use in situ X-ray diffraction during firing to reveal the reaction sequence. The findings suggest that between 500 and 650 °C PbO in the frit etches the SiNx antireflective-coating on the solar cell, exposing the Si surface. Then, above 650 °C, Ag(+) dissolves into the molten glass frit - key for enabling deposition of metallic Ag on the emitter surface and precipitation of Ag nanocrystals within the glass. Ultimately, this work clarifies contact formation mechanisms and suggests approaches for development of inexpensive, nontoxic solar cell contacting pastes. JF - Nature communications AU - Fields, Jeremy D AU - Ahmad, Md Imteyaz AU - Pool, Vanessa L AU - Yu, Jiafan AU - Van Campen, Douglas G AU - Parilla, Philip A AU - Toney, Michael F AU - van Hest, Maikel F A M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. ; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. ; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA. Y1 - 2016/04/01/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Apr 01 SP - 11143 VL - 7 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1778707989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+communications&rft.atitle=The+formation+mechanism+for+printed+silver-contacts+for+silicon+solar+cells.&rft.au=Fields%2C+Jeremy+D%3BAhmad%2C+Md+Imteyaz%3BPool%2C+Vanessa+L%3BYu%2C+Jiafan%3BVan+Campen%2C+Douglas+G%3BParilla%2C+Philip+A%3BToney%2C+Michael+F%3Bvan+Hest%2C+Maikel+F+A+M&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+communications&rft.issn=2041-1723&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fncomms11143 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2016-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11143 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distributed MPC for Efficient Coordination of Storage and Renewable Energy Sources Across Control Areas AN - 1808723107; PQ0003313603 AB - In electric power systems, multiple entities are responsible for ensuring an economic and reliable way of delivering power from producers to consumers. With the increase of variable renewable generation it is becoming increasingly important to take advantage of the individual entities' (and their areas') capabilities for balancing variability. Hence, in this paper, we employ and extend the approximate Newton directions method to optimally coordinate control areas leveraging storage available in one area to balance variable resources in another area with only minimal information exchange among the areas. The problem to be decomposed is a model predictive control problem including generation constraints, energy storage constraints, and AC power flow constraints. Singularity issues encountered when formulating the respective Newton-Raphson steps due to intertemporal constraints are addressed and extensions to the original decomposition method are proposed to improve the convergence rate and required communication of the method. JF - IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid AU - Baker, Kyri AU - Guo, Junyao AU - Hug, Gabriela AU - Li, Xin AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA Y1 - 2016/03// PY - 2016 DA - March 2016 SP - 992 EP - 1001 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., USA VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1949-3053, 1949-3053 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Storage KW - Electric power KW - Communications KW - Energy KW - Renewable energy KW - Economics KW - Decomposition KW - Information exchange KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808723107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Smart+Grid&rft.atitle=Distributed+MPC+for+Efficient+Coordination+of+Storage+and+Renewable+Energy+Sources+Across+Control+Areas&rft.au=Baker%2C+Kyri%3BGuo%2C+Junyao%3BHug%2C+Gabriela%3BLi%2C+Xin&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Kyri&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=992&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Smart+Grid&rft.issn=19493053&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTSG.2015.2512503 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Electric power; Communications; Renewable energy; Energy; Economics; Decomposition; Information exchange DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2512503 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compositional Analysis of Biomass Reference Materials: Results from an Interlaboratory Study AN - 1776649307; PQ0002817126 AB - Biomass compositional methods are used to compare different lignocellulosic feedstocks, to measure component balances around unit operations and to determine process yields and therefore the economic viability of biomass-to-biofuel processes. Four biomass reference materials (RMs NIST 8491-8494) were prepared and characterized, via an interlaboratory comparison exercise in the early 1990s to evaluate biomass summative compositional methods, analysts, and laboratories. Having common, uniform, and stable biomass reference materials gives the opportunity to assess compositional data compared to other analysts, to other labs, and to a known compositional value. The expiration date for the original characterization of these RMs was reached and an effort to assess their stability and recharacterize the reference values for the remaining material using more current methods of analysis was initiated. We sent samples of the four biomass RMs to 11 academic, industrial, and government laboratories, familiar with sulfuric acid compositional methods, for recharacterization of the component reference values. In this work, we have used an expanded suite of analytical methods that are more appropriate for herbaceous feedstocks, to recharacterize the RMs' compositions. We report the median values and the expanded uncertainty values for the four RMs on a dry-mass, whole-biomass basis. The original characterization data has been recalculated using median statistics to facilitate comparisons with this data. We found improved total component closures for three out of the four RMs compared to the original characterization, and the total component closures were near 100 %, which suggests that most components were accurately measured and little double counting occurred. The major components were not statistically different in the recharacterization which suggests that the biomass materials are stable during storage and that additional components, not seen in the original characterization, were quantified here. JF - BioEnergy Research AU - Templeton, David W AU - Wolfrum, Edward J AU - Yen, James H AU - Sharpless, Katherine E AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, MS 3512, Golden, CO, 80401-3305, USA, David.Templeton@nrel.gov Y1 - 2016/03// PY - 2016 DA - March 2016 SP - 303 EP - 314 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1939-1234, 1939-1234 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776649307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioEnergy+Research&rft.atitle=Compositional+Analysis+of+Biomass+Reference+Materials%3A+Results+from+an+Interlaboratory+Study&rft.au=Templeton%2C+David+W%3BWolfrum%2C+Edward+J%3BYen%2C+James+H%3BSharpless%2C+Katherine+E&rft.aulast=Templeton&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioEnergy+Research&rft.issn=19391234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12155-015-9675-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9675-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of temperature on luminescent coupling and material quality evaluation in inverted lattice-matched and metamorphic multi-junction solar cells AN - 1776645606; PQ0002808946 AB - Inverted metamorphic multi-junction solar cells have reached efficiencies close to 46%. These solar cells contain very high-quality materials that exhibit strong luminescent coupling between the junctions. The presence of luminescent coupling has a significant impact on the behavior of multi-junction solar cells affecting the optimal design of these devices. Because of the importance of studying devices under real operating conditions, the temperature dependence of the luminescent coupling is analyzed over a range of 25-120 degree C. Luminescent coupling analysis results show a reduction of the luminescent coupling current as a function of temperature in two tandem components of an inverted metamorphic triple junction solar cell such as GaInP/GaAs and GaAs/GaInAs solar cells. This reduction is quantified and examined by means of luminescent coupling analysis and modeling, electroluminescence measurements and optical modeling at the device and subcell level. The results of the models are verified and discussed. The temperature dependence of the luminescent coupling is analyzed over a range of 25-120 degree C. Luminescent coupling analysis and modeling results show a reduction of the luminescent coupling current as a function of temperature in two fabricated tandem components of an inverted metamorphic triple junction solar cell such as GaInP/GaAs and GaAs/GaInAs solar cells. The solar cells analyzed showed strong potential to mitigate the effect of temperature by exploiting the luminescent coupling properties at high current densities or light concentration levels. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Ochoa, M AU - Steiner, MA AU - Garcia, I AU - Geisz, J F AU - Friedman, D J AU - Algora, C AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA. Y1 - 2016/03// PY - 2016 DA - March 2016 SP - 357 EP - 367 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Behavior KW - Solar cells KW - Temperature KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776645606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Influence+of+temperature+on+luminescent+coupling+and+material+quality+evaluation+in+inverted+lattice-matched+and+metamorphic+multi-junction+solar+cells&rft.au=Ochoa%2C+M%3BSteiner%2C+MA%3BGarcia%2C+I%3BGeisz%2C+J+F%3BFriedman%2C+D+J%3BAlgora%2C+C&rft.aulast=Ochoa&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.2714 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Behavior; Solar cells; Temperature DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2714 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remarkable stability of unmodified GaAs photocathodes during hydrogen evolution in acidic electrolyte AN - 1776666286; PQ0002736172 AB - We report on the remarkable stability of unmodified, epitaxially grown GaAs photocathodes during hydrogen evolution at -15 mA cm super(-2) in 3 M sulfuric acid electrolyte. Contrary to the perception regarding instability of III-V photoelectrodes, results here show virtually no performance degradation and minimal etching after 120 hours. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Young, J L AU - Steirer, K X AU - Dzara, MJ AU - Turner, JA AU - Deutsch, T G AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO; 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DA - February 2016 SP - 2831 EP - 2836 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 4 IS - 8 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Electrolytes KW - Degradation KW - Perception KW - Energy KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Hydrogen KW - Sustainability KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776666286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Remarkable+stability+of+unmodified+GaAs+photocathodes+during+hydrogen+evolution+in+acidic+electrolyte&rft.au=Young%2C+J+L%3BSteirer%2C+K+X%3BDzara%2C+MJ%3BTurner%2C+JA%3BDeutsch%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5ta07648j LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Electrolytes; Degradation; Perception; Energy; Sulfuric acid; Hydrogen; Sustainability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta07648j ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progress toward an advanced four-subcell inverted metamorphic multi-junction (IMM) solar cell AN - 1776656831; PQ0002808931 AB - We report progress on the development of an advanced four-subcell IMM CPV solar cell that is designed for extremely high conversion efficiency under realistic concentrator operating conditions. Practical considerations allowing the design to mitigate problems related to Al-containing alloys, lattice mismatch, non-ideal short-wavelength response, and reflection losses are described. Performance modeling is used to guide the choice of optimal subcell band gaps for the new IMM cell. Early experimental efforts to develop and implement the new design are described and discussed. We report progress on the development of an advanced four-subcell IMM CPV solar cell that is designed for extremely high conversion efficiency under realistic concentrator operating conditions. Practical considerations allowing the design to mitigate problems related to Al-containing alloys, lattice mismatch, non-ideal short-wavelength response, and reflection losses are described. Performance modeling is used to guide the choice of optimal subcell band gaps for the new IMMcell. Early experimental efforts to develop and implement the new design are described and discussed. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Wanlass, Mark W AU - Ahrenkiel, Scott P AU - Carapella, Jeffrey J AU - Friedman, Daniel J AU - Osterwald, Carl R AU - Romero, Manuel AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DA - February 2016 SP - 139 EP - 149 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Solar cells KW - Alloys KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776656831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Progress+toward+an+advanced+four-subcell+inverted+metamorphic+multi-junction+%28IMM%29+solar+cell&rft.au=Wanlass%2C+Mark+W%3BAhrenkiel%2C+Scott+P%3BCarapella%2C+Jeffrey+J%3BFriedman%2C+Daniel+J%3BOsterwald%2C+Carl+R%3BRomero%2C+Manuel&rft.aulast=Wanlass&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.2609 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Solar cells; Alloys DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2609 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Game Theoretic Approach to Risk-Based Optimal Bidding Strategies for Electric Vehicle Aggregators in Electricity Markets With Variable Wind Energy Resources AN - 1808724744; PQ0003314305 AB - This paper proposes a stochastic optimization model for optimal bidding strategies of electric vehicle (EV) aggregators in day-ahead energy and ancillary services markets with variable wind energy. The forecast errors of EV fleet characteristics, hourly loads, and wind energy as well as random outages of generating units and transmission lines are considered as potential uncertainties, which are represented by scenarios in the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). The conditional value at risk (CVaR) index is utilized for measuring EV aggregators risks caused by the uncertainties. The EV aggregators optimal bidding strategy is formulated as a mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints (MPEC), in which the upper level problem is the aggregators CVaR maximization while the lower level problem corresponds to the system operation cost minimization. The bi-level problem is transformed into a single-level mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem using the prime-dual formulation with linearized constraints. The progressive hedging algorithm (PHA) is utilized to solve the resulting single-level MILP problem. A game theoretic approach is developed for analyzing the competition among the EV aggregators. Numerical cases are studied for a modified 6-bus system and the IEEE 118-bus system. The results show the validity of the proposed approach and the impact of the aggregators bidding strategies on the stochastic electricity market operation. JF - IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy AU - Wu, Hongyu AU - Shahidehpour, Mohammad AU - Alabdulwahab, Ahmed AU - Abusorrah, Abdullah AD - Power Systems Engineering Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA Y1 - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DA - January 2016 SP - 374 EP - 385 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., USA VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1949-3029, 1949-3029 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Stochastic models KW - Wind energy KW - Game theory KW - Energy KW - Economics KW - Linear programming KW - Electricity KW - Hedging KW - Mathematical programming KW - Competition KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808724744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Sustainable+Energy&rft.atitle=A+Game+Theoretic+Approach+to+Risk-Based+Optimal+Bidding+Strategies+for+Electric+Vehicle+Aggregators+in+Electricity+Markets+With+Variable+Wind+Energy+Resources&rft.au=Wu%2C+Hongyu%3BShahidehpour%2C+Mohammad%3BAlabdulwahab%2C+Ahmed%3BAbusorrah%2C+Abdullah&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Hongyu&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Sustainable+Energy&rft.issn=19493029&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTSTE.2015.2498200 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monte Carlo simulation; Stochastic models; Game theory; Wind energy; Energy; Linear programming; Economics; Electricity; Mathematical programming; Hedging; Competition DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2015.2498200 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solar-to-hydrogen efficiency: shining light on photoelectrochemical device performance AN - 1787976739; PQ0002954520 AB - Illumination characteristics from artificial sources strongly influence the experimental performance of solar water-splitting devices, with the highest impact on tandem structures designed for optimum conversion efficiency. We highlight quantitative and qualitative flaws of common characterization techniques, discuss their impact on research results and strategy, and demonstrate approaches toward advanced measurement accuracy. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Doscher, H AU - Young, J L AU - Geisz, J F AU - Turner, JA AU - Deutsch, T G AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DA - January 2016 SP - 74 EP - 80 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Energy KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1787976739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Solar-to-hydrogen+efficiency%3A+shining+light+on+photoelectrochemical+device+performance&rft.au=Doscher%2C+H%3BYoung%2C+J+L%3BGeisz%2C+J+F%3BTurner%2C+JA%3BDeutsch%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Doscher&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5ee03206g LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee03206g ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conceptual process design and economics for the production of high-octane gasoline blendstock via indirect liquefaction of biomass through methanol/dimethyl ether intermediates AN - 1780534092; PQ0002767732 AB - This work describes in detail one potential conversion process for the production of high-octane gasoline blendstock via indirect liquefaction of biomass. The processing steps of this pathway include the conversion of biomass to synthesis gas via indirect gasification, gas clean-up via reforming of tars and other hydrocarbons, catalytic conversion of syngas to methanol, methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether (DME), and the homologation of DME over a zeolite catalyst to high-octane gasoline-range hydrocarbon products. The current process configuration has similarities to conventional methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) technologies, but there are key distinctions, specifically regarding the product slate, catalysts, and reactor conditions. A techno-economic analysis is performed to investigate the production of high-octane gasoline blendstock. The design features a processing daily capacity of 2000 tonnes (2205 short tons) of dry biomass. The process yields 271 liters of liquid fuel per dry tonne of biomass (65 gal/dry ton), for an annual fuel production rate of 178 million liters (47 MM gal) at 90% on-stream time. The estimated total capital investment for an n super(th)-plant is $438 million. The resulting minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) is $0.86 per liter or $3.25 per gallon in 2011 US dollars. A rigorous sensitivity analysis captures uncertainties in costs and plant performance. Sustainability metrics for the conversion process are quantified and assessed. The potential premium value of the high-octane gasoline blendstock is examined and found to be at least as competitive as fossil-derived blendstocks. A simple blending strategy is proposed to demonstrate the potential for blending the biomass-derived blendstock with petroleum-derived intermediates. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Tan, Eric CD AU - Talmadge, Michael AU - Dutta, Abhijit AU - Hensley, Jesse AU - Snowden-Swan, Lesley J AU - Humbird, David AU - Schaidle, Joshua AU - Biddy, Mary AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DA - January 2016 SP - 17 EP - 35 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Blends KW - Gasoline KW - Methyl alcohol KW - Drying KW - Conversion KW - Catalysts KW - Biomass KW - Blending UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1780534092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Conceptual+process+design+and+economics+for+the+production+of+high-octane+gasoline+blendstock+via+indirect+liquefaction+of+biomass+through+methanol%2Fdimethyl+ether+intermediates&rft.au=Tan%2C+Eric+CD%3BTalmadge%2C+Michael%3BDutta%2C+Abhijit%3BHensley%2C+Jesse%3BSnowden-Swan%2C+Lesley+J%3BHumbird%2C+David%3BSchaidle%2C+Joshua%3BBiddy%2C+Mary&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1611 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-30 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1611 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollutant emissions inventory of large-scale production of selected biofuels feedstocks in 2022 AN - 1776668594; PQ0002767728 AB - For climate protection and energy security reasons, biofuels are proposed to replace a significant fraction of fossil transportation fuel. Recognition of differences in production pathways between biofuels and fossil fuels has motivated an emerging literature that considers air quality and human health impacts of potential changes to the magnitude, location, timing, and type of air pollutants emitted. To inform research and development of advanced biofuel production systems as well as air quality management decisions, we have developed a highly resolved inventory of air pollutant emissions for a baseline scenario of current and future US biofuel feedstock production systems using data from recent research. We find that in most US counties, production of cellulosic biofuel feedstocks using advanced practices exhibits lower air pollutant emissions than current corn grain production. An analysis of the contributing sources to each of the seven evaluated air pollutants helps identify emission reduction opportunities. Compared to the 2008 National Emissions Inventory, production of cellulosic biofuel feedstocks to meet regulatory requirements in 2022 typically represents small increments of air emissions, though for certain pollutants and counties, a threshold may be reached whereby further examination may be warranted to ensure air quality standards can be achieved. Given that the advanced biofuel supply chain system is in its infancy, considerable opportunities exist to minimize adverse impacts while maximizing the benefits of advanced biofuels. This analysis enables more informed technology development decisions and identification of mitigation opportunities in the biofuel feedstock production stage. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Zhang, Yimin AU - Heath, Garvin AU - Carpenter, Alberta AU - Fisher, Noah AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DA - January 2016 SP - 56 EP - 69 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776668594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Air+pollutant+emissions+inventory+of+large-scale+production+of+selected+biofuels+feedstocks+in+2022&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yimin%3BHeath%2C+Garvin%3BCarpenter%2C+Alberta%3BFisher%2C+Noah&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Yimin&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1620 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1620 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control limits for building energy end use based on frequency analysis and quantile regression AN - 1753466418; PQ0002367195 AB - For buildings designed to meet aggressive energy goals, there is a need for tools to assist in the monitoring and maintenance of performance once the building is in operation. In particular, dashboard visualizations that show real-time and historic end use energy consumption alongside expected performance are powerful tools for both occupant engagement and the identification of operational issues. This article focuses on two related approaches to calculating upper and lower control limits for acceptable ranges of end use, which use a combination of modeled and measured usage data to generate realistic energy-conservative control limits. The first approach centers on the analysis of frequency distributions for end use consumption as functions of a main effect variable, while the second approach uses multivariate quantile regression based on principal components to generate control limits from all available measured variables. JF - Energy Efficiency AU - Henze, Gregor P AU - Pless, Shanti AU - Petersen, Anya AU - Long, Nicholas AU - Scambos, Alexander T AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA, gregor.henze@colorado.edu Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - 1077 EP - 1092 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 8 IS - 6 SN - 1570-646X, 1570-646X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Energy efficiency KW - Frequency analysis KW - Energy KW - Energy consumption KW - Buildings KW - Maintenance KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1753466418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Efficiency&rft.atitle=Control+limits+for+building+energy+end+use+based+on+frequency+analysis+and+quantile+regression&rft.au=Henze%2C+Gregor+P%3BPless%2C+Shanti%3BPetersen%2C+Anya%3BLong%2C+Nicholas%3BScambos%2C+Alexander+T&rft.aulast=Henze&rft.aufirst=Gregor&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1077&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Efficiency&rft.issn=1570646X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12053-015-9342-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy efficiency; Historical account; Frequency analysis; Energy; Energy consumption; Buildings; Maintenance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-015-9342-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving wind turbine drivetrain designs to minimize the impacts of non-torque loads AN - 1727679259; PQ0002192934 AB - Non-torque loads induced by the wind turbine rotor overhang weight and aerodynamic forces can greatly affect drivetrain loads and responses. If not addressed properly, these loads can result in a decrease in gearbox component life. This work uses analytical modeling, computational modeling and experimental approaches to evaluate two distinct drivetrain designs that minimize the effects of non-torque loads on gearbox reliability: a modified three-point suspension drivetrain studied by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC) and the Pure Torque registered drivetrain developed by Alstom. In the original GRC drivetrain, the unequal planetary load distribution and sharing were present and they can lead to gear tooth pitting and reduce the lives of the planet bearings. The NREL GRC team modified the original design of its drivetrain by changing the rolling element bearings in the planetary gear stage. In this modified design, gearbox bearings in the planetary gear stage are anticipated to transmit non-torque loads directly to the gearbox housing rather than the gears. Alstom's Pure Torque drivetrain has a hub support configuration that transmits non-torque loads directly into the tower rather than through the gearbox as in other design approaches. An analytical model of Alstom's Pure Torque drivetrain provides insight into the relationships among turbine component weights, aerodynamic forces and the resulting drivetrain loads. In Alstom's Pure Torque drivetrain, main shaft bending loads are orders of magnitude lower than the rated torque and hardly affected by wind speed, gusts or turbine operations. JF - Wind Energy AU - Guo, Yi AU - Bergua, Roger AU - Dam, Jeroen AU - Jove, Jordi AU - Campbell, Jon AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA. Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - 2199 EP - 2222 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 18 IS - 12 SN - 1095-4244, 1095-4244 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Turbines KW - Laboratory testing KW - Housing KW - Wind energy KW - Aerodynamics KW - Renewable energy KW - Velocity KW - Design KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1727679259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=Improving+wind+turbine+drivetrain+designs+to+minimize+the+impacts+of+non-torque+loads&rft.au=Guo%2C+Yi%3BBergua%2C+Roger%3BDam%2C+Jeroen%3BJove%2C+Jordi%3BCampbell%2C+Jon&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=Yi&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10954244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.1815 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Wind energy; Housing; Laboratory testing; Renewable energy; Aerodynamics; Velocity; Design DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.1815 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation comparison of wake mitigation control strategies for a two-turbine case AN - 1727677568; PQ0002192943 AB - Wind turbines arranged in a wind plant impact each other through their wakes. Wind plant control is an active research field that attempts to improve wind plant performance by coordinating control of individual turbines to take into account these turbine-wake interactions. In this paper, high-fidelity simulations of a two-turbine fully waked scenario are used to investigate several wake mitigation strategies, including modification of yaw and tilt angles of an upstream turbine to induce wake skew, as well as repositioning of the downstream turbine. The simulation results are compared through change relative to a baseline operation in terms of overall power capture and loading on the upstream and downstream turbine. Results demonstrated improved power production for all methods. Analysis of control options, including individual pitch control, shows potential to minimize the increase of, or even reduce, turbine loads. JF - Wind Energy AU - Fleming, Paul AU - Gebraad, Pieter MO AU - Lee, Sang AU - Wingerden, Jan-Willem AU - Johnson, Kathryn AU - Churchfield, Matt AU - Michalakes, John AU - Spalart, Philippe AU - Moriarty, Patrick AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA. Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - 2135 EP - 2143 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 18 IS - 12 SN - 1095-4244, 1095-4244 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Turbines KW - Mitigation KW - Wind energy KW - Simulation KW - Upstream KW - Downstream KW - Wind KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1727677568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=Simulation+comparison+of+wake+mitigation+control+strategies+for+a+two-turbine+case&rft.au=Fleming%2C+Paul%3BGebraad%2C+Pieter+MO%3BLee%2C+Sang%3BWingerden%2C+Jan-Willem%3BJohnson%2C+Kathryn%3BChurchfield%2C+Matt%3BMichalakes%2C+John%3BSpalart%2C+Philippe%3BMoriarty%2C+Patrick&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10954244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.1810 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Mitigation; Wind energy; Upstream; Simulation; Downstream; Wind DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.1810 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Towards lignin consolidated bioprocessing: simultaneous lignin depolymerization and product generation by bacteria AN - 1787958574; PQ0002999230 AB - Lignin represents an untapped resource in lignocellulosic biomass, primarily due to its recalcitrance to depolymerization and its intrinsic heterogeneity. In Nature, microorganisms have evolved mechanisms to both depolymerize lignin using extracellular oxidative enzymes and to uptake the aromatic species generated during depolymerization for carbon and energy sources. The ability of microbes to conduct both of these processes simultaneously could enable a Consolidated Bioprocessing concept to be applied to lignin, similar to what is done today with polysaccharide conversion to ethanol viaethanologenic, cellulolytic microbes. To that end, here we examine the ability of 14 bacteria to secrete ligninolytic enzymes, depolymerize lignin, uptake aromatic and other compounds present in a biomass-derived, lignin-enriched stream, and, under nitrogen-limiting conditions, accumulate intracellular carbon storage compounds that can be used as fuel, chemical, or material precursors. In shake flask conditions using a substrate produced during alkaline pretreatment, we demonstrate that up to nearly 30% of the initial lignin can be depolymerized and catabolized by a subset of bacteria. In particular, Amycolatopsissp., two Pseudomonas putidastrains, AcinetobacterADP1, and Rhodococcus jostiiare able to depolymerize high molecular weight lignin species and catabolize a significant portion of the low molecular weight aromatics, thus representing good starting hosts for metabolic engineering. This study also provides a comprehensive set of experimental tools to simultaneously study lignin depolymerization and aromatic catabolism in bacteria, and provides a foundation towards the concept of Lignin Consolidated Bioprocessing, which may eventually be an important route for biological lignin valorization. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Salvachua, Davinia AU - Karp, Eric M AU - Nimlos, Claire T AU - Vardon, Derek R AU - Beckham, Gregg T AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA; +1-303-384-7806 Y1 - 2015/11// PY - 2015 DA - November 2015 SP - 4951 EP - 4967 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 17 IS - 11 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Fuels KW - Enzymes KW - Pseudomonas KW - Biomass KW - Energy sources KW - Rhodococcus KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Green development KW - Microorganisms KW - Uptake KW - Ethanol KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1787958574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Towards+lignin+consolidated+bioprocessing%3A+simultaneous+lignin+depolymerization+and+product+generation+by+bacteria&rft.au=Salvachua%2C+Davinia%3BKarp%2C+Eric+M%3BNimlos%2C+Claire+T%3BVardon%2C+Derek+R%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg+T&rft.aulast=Salvachua&rft.aufirst=Davinia&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5gc01165e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 114 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon sequestration; Fuels; Green development; Microorganisms; Enzymes; Uptake; Biomass; Energy sources; Ethanol; Rhodococcus; Bacteria; Pseudomonas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc01165e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the stability of organometallic perovskite thin films AN - 1827925468; PQ0003646916 AB - Organometallic halide perovskites have emerged as a revolutionary class of light-absorbing semiconductors that have demonstrated a rapid increase in efficiency within a few years of active research. However, chemical stability is a major issue that hampers their large-scale implementation. Therefore being able to monitor the degradation rate of perovskite thin films may help understand the key factors governing the stability of this material system. Here, we use grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) measurements to elucidate the role of chlorine and the substrate in the stability of perovskite CH3NH3Pb(I1-xClx)3 (MAPbI) films for solar cells exposed to ambient atmosphere for more than 30 days. MAPbI films with different concentrations of chlorine were deposited on glass, ITO, and Si substrates. We found that the degradation rate of the perovskite that decomposes into PbI2 depends on the used substrate as well as the concentration of Cl. Through first principles calculations, we propose a mechanism on how chlorine affects the perovskite film properties. Furthermore, the power conversion efficiency of the fabricated perovskite planar heterojunction solar cells is investigated. The highest device performance with an efficiency of 15.7% is obtained with the 10% Cl film at the cost of stability. These findings lead to an improved understanding of more controllable processing schemes for hybrid perovskites. They also offer a potential route to control the degradation rate so as to create more favorable ways of producing stable films and devices from these materials. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Ndione, P F AU - Yin, W-J AU - Zhu, K AU - Wei, S-H AU - Berry, J J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; USA Y1 - 2015/10// PY - 2015 DA - October 2015 SP - 21940 EP - 21945 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 3 IS - 43 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Fabrics KW - Degradation KW - Grazing KW - Solar cells KW - Energy KW - Hybrids KW - Chlorine KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Halides KW - Atmosphere KW - Sustainability KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1827925468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+stability+of+organometallic+perovskite+thin+films&rft.au=Ndione%2C+P+F%3BYin%2C+W-J%3BZhu%2C+K%3BWei%2C+S-H%3BBerry%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Ndione&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=21940&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5ta05693d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-26 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fabrics; Degradation; Grazing; Hybrids; Energy; Solar cells; Chlorine; X-ray diffraction; Atmosphere; Halides; Sustainability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta05693d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-Throughput Method for Determining the Sugar Content in Biomass with Pyrolysis Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry AN - 1753523274; PQ0002073328 AB - There is an important need to assess biomass recalcitrance in large populations of both natural and transgenic plants to identify promising candidates for lignocellulosic biofuel production. In order to properly test and optimize parameters for biofuel production, the starting sugar content must be known to calculate percent sugar yield and conversion efficiencies. Pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) has been used as a high-throughput method for determination of lignin content and structure, and this report demonstrates its applicability for determining glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, and mannose content in biomass. Biomass from conifers, hardwoods, and herbaceous species were used to create a 44 sample partial least squares (PLS) regression models of py-MBMS spectra-based sugar estimates on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) sugar content data. The total sugar py-MBMS regression model had a R super(2) of 0.91 with a 0.17 mg/mg root mean square error of validation indicating accurate estimation of total sugar content for a range of biomass types. Models were validated using eight independent biomass samples from multiple species, with predictions falling within errors of the HPLC data. With a data collection time of 1.5 min per sample, py-MBMS serves as a rapid high-throughput method for quantifying sugar content in biomass. JF - BioEnergy Research AU - Sykes, Robert W AU - Gjersing, Erica L AU - Doeppke, Crissa L AU - Davis, Mark F AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA robert.sykes@nrel.gov PY - 2015 SP - 964 EP - 972 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1939-1234, 1939-1234 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Pyrolysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Fuels KW - Regression KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Molecular beams KW - Biomass KW - Sugars UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1753523274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioEnergy+Research&rft.atitle=High-Throughput+Method+for+Determining+the+Sugar+Content+in+Biomass+with+Pyrolysis+Molecular+Beam+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.au=Sykes%2C+Robert+W%3BGjersing%2C+Erica+L%3BDoeppke%2C+Crissa+L%3BDavis%2C+Mark+F&rft.aulast=Sykes&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=964&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioEnergy+Research&rft.issn=19391234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12155-015-9610-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9610-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parameter determination and validation for a mechanistic model of the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose-I sub( beta ) AN - 1732807426; PQ0002230491 AB - Cost-effective production of fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass often involves enzymatic saccharification, which has been the subject of intense research and development. Recently, a mechanistic model for the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose has been developed that accounts for distribution of cellulose chain lengths, the accessibility of insoluble cellulose to enzymes, and the distinct modes of action of the component cellulases [Griggs et al. (2012) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 109(3):665-675; Griggs et al. (2012) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 109(3):676-685]. However, determining appropriate values for the adsorption, inhibition, and rate parameters required further experimental investigation. In this work, we performed several sets of experiments to aid in parameter estimation and to quantitatively validate the model. Cellulosic materials differing in degrees of polymerization and crystallinity ( alpha -cellulose-I sub( beta ) and highly crystalline cellulose-I sub( beta )) were digested by component enzymes (EG sub(I)/CBH sub(I)/ [Formulaomitted]) and by mixtures of these enzymes. Based on information from the literature and the results from these experiments, a single set of model parameters was determined, and the model simulation results using this set of parameters were compared with the experimental data of total glucan conversion, chain-length distribution, and crystallinity. Model simulations show significant agreement with the experimentally derived glucan conversion and chain-length distribution curves and provide interesting insights into multiple complex and interacting physico-chemical phenomena involved in enzymatic hydrolysis, including enzyme synergism, substrate accessibility, cellulose chain length distribution and crystallinity, and inhibition of cellulases by soluble sugars. copyright 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:1237-1248, 2015 JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Nag, Ambarish AU - Sprague, Michael A AU - Griggs, Andrew J AU - Lischeske, James J AU - Stickel, Jonathan J AU - Mittal, Ashutosh AU - Wang, Wei AU - Johnson, David K AD - Computational Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013, Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401. Y1 - 2015/09// PY - 2015 DA - September 2015 SP - 1237 EP - 1248 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Crystallinity KW - Data processing KW - Polymerization KW - Fuels KW - Cellulose KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - Cellulase KW - Adsorption KW - glucans KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732807426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Parameter+determination+and+validation+for+a+mechanistic+model+of+the+enzymatic+saccharification+of+cellulose-I+sub%28+beta+%29&rft.au=Nag%2C+Ambarish%3BSprague%2C+Michael+A%3BGriggs%2C+Andrew+J%3BLischeske%2C+James+J%3BStickel%2C+Jonathan+J%3BMittal%2C+Ashutosh%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BJohnson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Nag&rft.aufirst=Ambarish&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbtpr.2122 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Crystallinity; Polymerization; Data processing; Fuels; Cellulose; Adsorption; Enzymes; Biomass; Hydrolysis; glucans; Cellulase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.2122 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Algal Biomass for Biofuels and Bioproducts: Overview of Boundary Conditions and Regulatory Landscape to Define Future Algal Biorefineries AN - 1859479161; PQ0003999206 AB - As algal biofuels and bioproducts move from research to commercial-scale production, the demand for rigorous experimentation and validation to determine the requisite data and sustainability metrics on biomass products increases. To establish long-term cultivation and biorefinery operational trials, projects need to harmonize the requirements of techno-economic and life cycle analysis models with standardized data inputs. We propose a set of descriptive metrics and methodologies that uniformly characterize these operations. Through harmonization and use of a common language the algae industry can eliminate confusion and accelerate its growth. By identifying the sources and characteristics of the inputs, and the intended fates and characteristics of the outputs, we allow for upstream and downstream life cycle environmental and techno-economic analyses. Furthermore, with knowledge and quantification of the inputs and outputs, we can understand the value flow of an algae biorefinery operation. Data on the upstream source of inputs and downstream fate of outputs add further information on the sustainability and environmental footprint of an operation. As the size of an algae facility increases, so does the importance of having a comprehensive understanding of its operational footprint. Two of the critical elements of a successful biorefinery installation are the establishment of a common basis for measuring growth, productivity and sustainability of the major algal components; and navigation of the correct regulatory network and compliance with state and federal requirements for marketing biobased fuels and products. We will review the current state of measurements in the areas of algae-based fuels and products, shedding light on consistencies and inconsistencies, and providing a future pathway toward standardization. JF - Industrial Biotechnology AU - Laurens, Lieve ML AU - Slaby, Emilie F AU - Clapper, Gina M AU - Howell, Steve AU - Scott, Don AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO Y1 - 2015/08// PY - 2015 DA - August 2015 SP - 221 EP - 228 PB - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers, 140 Huguenot St 3rd Fl New Rochelle NY 10801 United States VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1550-9087, 1550-9087 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Data processing KW - Fuels KW - Landscape KW - Life cycle KW - Biomass KW - Models KW - Standardization KW - Reviews KW - Boundaries KW - Language KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - Algae KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859479161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Algal+Biomass+for+Biofuels+and+Bioproducts%3A+Overview+of+Boundary+Conditions+and+Regulatory+Landscape+to+Define+Future+Algal+Biorefineries&rft.au=Laurens%2C+Lieve+ML%3BSlaby%2C+Emilie+F%3BClapper%2C+Gina+M%3BHowell%2C+Steve%3BScott%2C+Don&rft.aulast=Laurens&rft.aufirst=Lieve&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Industrial+Biotechnology&rft.issn=15509087&rft_id=info:doi/10.1089%2Find.2015.0007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Fuels; Landscape; Life cycle; Biomass; Models; Standardization; Reviews; Boundaries; Language; Biofuels; Biotechnology; Algae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ind.2015.0007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass: the reactions of water and aromatic intermediates produces phenols AN - 1705061614; PQ0001843356 AB - During catalytic upgrading over HZSM-5 of vapors from fast pyrolysis of biomass (ex situCFP), water reacts with aromatic intermediates to form phenols that are then desorbed from the catalyst micropores and produced as products. We observe this reaction using real time measurement of products from neat CFP and with added steam. The reaction is confirmed when super(18)O-labeled water is used as the steam source and the labeled oxygen is identified in the phenol products. Furthermore, phenols are observed when cellulose pyrolysis vapors are reacted over the HZSM-5 catalyst in steam. This suggests that the phenols do not only arise from phenolic products formed during the pyrolysis of the lignin component of biomass; phenols are also formed by reaction of water molecules with aromatic intermediates formed during the transformation of all of the pyrolysis products. Water formation during biomass pyrolysis is involved in this reaction and leads to the common observation of phenols in products from neat CFP. Steam also reduces the formation of non-reactive carbon in the zeolite catalysts and decreases the rate of deactivation and the amount of measured "coke" on the catalyst. These CFP results were obtained in a flow microreactor coupled to a molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS), which allowed for real-time measurement of products and facilitated determination of the impact of steam during catalytic upgrading, complemented by a tandem micropyrolyzer connected to a GCMS for identification of the products. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Mukarakate, Calvin AU - McBrayer, Josefine D AU - Evans, Tabitha J AU - Budhi, Sridhar AU - Robichaud, David J AU - Iisa, Kristiina AU - ten Dam, Jeroen AU - Watson, Michael J AU - Baldwin, Robert M AU - Nimlos, Mark R AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401-3393; USA; , calvin.mukarakate@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/08// PY - 2015 DA - August 2015 SP - 4217 EP - 4227 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 17 IS - 8 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Pyrolysis KW - Oxygen KW - Vapors KW - Green development KW - Cellulose KW - Coke KW - Catalysts KW - Zeolites KW - Biomass KW - Phenols KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1705061614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Catalytic+fast+pyrolysis+of+biomass%3A+the+reactions+of+water+and+aromatic+intermediates+produces+phenols&rft.au=Mukarakate%2C+Calvin%3BMcBrayer%2C+Josefine+D%3BEvans%2C+Tabitha+J%3BBudhi%2C+Sridhar%3BRobichaud%2C+David+J%3BIisa%2C+Kristiina%3Bten+Dam%2C+Jeroen%3BWatson%2C+Michael+J%3BBaldwin%2C+Robert+M%3BNimlos%2C+Mark+R&rft.aulast=Mukarakate&rft.aufirst=Calvin&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5gc00805k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 70 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pyrolysis; Oxygen; Vapors; Cellulose; Green development; Coke; Zeolites; Catalysts; Biomass; Phenols DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc00805k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preparation of Cd/Pb Chalcogenide Heterostructured Janus Particles via Controllable Cation Exchange. AN - 1700103194; 26161785 AB - We developed a strategy for producing quasi-spherical nanocrystals of anisotropic heterostructures of Cd/Pb chalcogenides. The nanostructures are fabricated via a controlled cation exchange reaction where the Cd(2+) cation is exchanged for the Pb(2+) cation. The cation exchange reaction is thermally activated and can be controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature or time. We characterized the particles using TEM, XPS, PL, and absorption spectroscopy. With complete exchange, high quality Pb-chalcogenide quantum dots are produced. In addition to Cd(2+), we also find suitable conditions for the exchange of Zn(2+) cations for Pb(2+) cations. The cation exchange is anisotropic starting at one edge of the nanocrystals and proceeds along the ⟨111⟩ direction producing a sharp interface at a (111) crystallographic plane. Instead of spherical core/shell structures, we produced and studied quasi-spherical CdS/PbS and CdSe/PbSe Janus-type heterostructures. Nontrivial PL behavior was observed from the CdS(e)/PbS(e) heterostructures as the Pb:Cd ratio is increased. JF - ACS nano AU - Zhang, Jianbing AU - Chernomordik, Boris D AU - Crisp, Ryan W AU - Kroupa, Daniel M AU - Luther, Joseph M AU - Miller, Elisa M AU - Gao, Jianbo AU - Beard, Matthew C AD - †School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430074, China. ; ‡Chemical and Material Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States. ; ⊥Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States. Y1 - 2015/07/28/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jul 28 SP - 7151 EP - 7163 VL - 9 IS - 7 KW - heterostructures KW - cation-exchange reactions KW - quantum dots KW - lead chalcogenide KW - synthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1700103194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+nano&rft.atitle=Preparation+of+Cd%2FPb+Chalcogenide+Heterostructured+Janus+Particles+via+Controllable+Cation+Exchange.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jianbing%3BChernomordik%2C+Boris+D%3BCrisp%2C+Ryan+W%3BKroupa%2C+Daniel+M%3BLuther%2C+Joseph+M%3BMiller%2C+Elisa+M%3BGao%2C+Jianbo%3BBeard%2C+Matthew+C&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jianbing&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=7151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+nano&rft.issn=1936-086X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facsnano.5b01859 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2015-11-23 N1 - Date created - 2015-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b01859 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nesting an incompressible-flow code within a compressible-flow code: A two-dimensional study AN - 1765966136; PQ0002461134 AB - We consider numerical algorithms appropriate for one- and two-way coupling between meso-scale and micro-scale fluid-dynamics codes for wind energy computing. At the meso-scale is a numerical weather-prediction code, which is typically based on the compressible-flow Euler equations. At the micro-scale, surrounding one or more wind turbines, is a computational fluid dynamics code, which is typically based on the incompressible-flow Navier-Stokes equations. When calculating short-duration flow around wind turbines, one-way coupling is sufficient, where the meso-scale computational model drives the micro-scale model. However, in long-duration simulations involving large wind farms, the influence of the wind farm on the meso-scale weather may no longer be insignificant and two-way coupling is warranted. In this study, we focus on a simple two-dimensional system, for which our goal is to devise one- and two-way coupling algorithms that can effectively transport a vortex propagating in laminar flow from one domain to the other. Two coupling schemes and their numerical implementation are described: partial-boundary coupling and projection coupling. In the former, the micro-scale-domain boundary is decomposed, based on the meso-scale solution, into sections corresponding to inflow and outflow. The micro-scale model has Dirichlet- and Neumann-type boundary conditions on these sections, respectively. In projection coupling, the meso-scale solution is projected onto the incompressible-flow solution space in the micro-scale domain, from which Dirichlet-type boundary conditions are derived. In these simulations, the uncoupled meso-scale solution is taken as the reference, and the best coupling method is that which produces solutions that deviate the least from the reference. In one-way coupling, under a simple two-dimensional laminar-flow test case, partial-boundary coupling was more effective than projection coupling. However, in two-way coupling, projection coupling was the best performer. JF - Computers & Fluids AU - Sprague, Michael A AU - Satkauskas, Ignas AD - Computational Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA, Michael.A.Sprague@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/07/22/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jul 22 SP - 75 EP - 85 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom VL - 115 SN - 0045-7930, 0045-7930 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Wind energy KW - Multi-scale KW - Model coupling KW - Computational fluid dynamics KW - Numerical weather prediction KW - Weather KW - Farms KW - Mathematical models KW - Boundary Conditions KW - Climate KW - Algorithms KW - Projections KW - Model Studies KW - Turbines KW - Wind power KW - Wind farm KW - Laminar flow KW - Nesting KW - Boundaries KW - Fluid dynamics KW - Reproductive behaviour KW - Wind KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09183:Physics and chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1765966136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Fluids&rft.atitle=Nesting+an+incompressible-flow+code+within+a+compressible-flow+code%3A+A+two-dimensional+study&rft.au=Sprague%2C+Michael+A%3BSatkauskas%2C+Ignas&rft.aulast=Sprague&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2015-07-22&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Fluids&rft.issn=00457930&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.compfluid.2015.03.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Wind power; Mathematical models; Laminar flow; Wind farm; Nesting; Climate; Fluid dynamics; Reproductive behaviour; Weather; Farms; Boundary Conditions; Boundaries; Algorithms; Projections; Wind; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.03.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Different binding modes of Cu and Pb vs. Cd, Ni, and Zn with the trihydroxamate siderophore desferrioxamine B at sea water ionic strength AN - 1729847886; 2015-104607 AB - The solution speciation in seawater of divalent trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) is dominated by strong, ostensibly metal-specific organic ligands that may play important roles in microbial metal acquisition and/or detoxification processes. We compare the effective stabilities of these metal-organic complexes to the stabilities of their complexes with a model siderophore, desferrioxamine B (DFOB). While metal-DFOB complexation has been studied in various dilute but often moderately coordinating media, for the purpose of this investigation we measured the stability constants in a non-coordinating background electrolyte at seawater ionic strength (0.7 M NaClO (sub 4) ). Potentiometric titrations of single metals (M) were performed in the presence of ligand (L) at different M:L molar ratios, whereupon the stability constants of multiple complexes were simultaneously determined by non-linear regression of the titration curves with FITEQL, using the optimal binding mode for each metal. Cadmium, Ni, and Zn, like trivalent Fe, sequentially form a bi-, tetra-, and hexadentate complex with DFOB as pH increases, consistent with their coordination number of 6 and regular octahedral geometry. Copper has a Jahn-Teller-distorted square-bipyramidal geometry whereas the geometry of Pb is cryptic, involving a range of bond lengths. Supported by a thermodynamic argument, our data suggest that this impedes binding of the third hydroxamate group and that the hexadentate Cu-DFOB and Pb-DFOB complex identified in earlier reports may instead be a deprotonated tetradentate complex. Absence of the hexadentate complex promotes the formation of a dinuclear (bidentate-tetradentate) complex, M (sub 2) HL (super 2+) , albeit not for Pb in 0.7 M NaCl, evidently due to extensive complexation with chloride. Stabilities of the hexadentate Ni-DFOB, Zn-DFOB, and the tetradentate Pb-DFOB complex are nearly equal, yet about 2 orders of magnitude higher and 4 orders of magnitude lower than those of the hexadentate Cd-DFOB and tetradentate Cu-DFOB complex, respectively. Linear free-energy relations defined by the rare earth elements are able to predict stabilities of the Cd, Zn, and one of the Pb complexes, but underestimate those of the Ni and Cu complexes. The comparison with metal-specific organic ligands detected in seawater yields fair agreement for three of the five metals, implying that they could be siderophore-like. The Cd- and Ni-specific ligands are much stronger and may contain quite different functional groups. Calculations with MINEQL incorporating our new stability constants indicate that very high DFOB concentrations would be required to match the extent of metal-organic complexation observed in seawater, however DFOB may well represent a much broader class of structurally related ligands. Abstract Copyright (2015) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Marine Chemistry AU - Schijf, Johan AU - Christenson, Emily A AU - Potter, Kailee J Y1 - 2015/07/20/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jul 20 SP - 40 EP - 51 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 173 SN - 0304-4203, 0304-4203 KW - zinc KW - sea water KW - titration KW - copper KW - complexing KW - statistical analysis KW - lead KW - molecular structure KW - models KW - organic compounds KW - ligands KW - chemical reactions KW - metals KW - nickel KW - cadmium KW - FITEQL model KW - valency KW - rare earths KW - regression analysis KW - pH KW - desferrioxamine KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1729847886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Different+binding+modes+of+Cu+and+Pb+vs.+Cd%2C+Ni%2C+and+Zn+with+the+trihydroxamate+siderophore+desferrioxamine+B+at+sea+water+ionic+strength&rft.au=Schijf%2C+Johan%3BChristenson%2C+Emily+A%3BPotter%2C+Kailee+J&rft.aulast=Schijf&rft.aufirst=Johan&rft.date=2015-07-20&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Chemistry&rft.issn=03044203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.marchem.2015.02.014 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03044203 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - SCOR WG 139 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 90 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-05 N1 - CODEN - MRCHBD N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cadmium; chemical reactions; complexing; copper; desferrioxamine; FITEQL model; lead; ligands; metals; models; molecular structure; nickel; organic compounds; pH; rare earths; regression analysis; sea water; statistical analysis; titration; valency; zinc DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.02.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct evidence of enhanced chlorine segregation at grain boundaries in polycrystalline CdTe thin films via three-dimensional TOF-SIMS imaging AN - 1694977956; PQ0001665390 AB - For more than 25years, the CdTe photovoltaic research and manufacturing communities have been subjecting CdTe materials to a CdCl sub(2) treatment or activation step to improve performance. However, little work has been carried out using imaging to elucidate the spatial distribution of chlorine in the CdTe devices after this treatment. This work addresses fundamental questions about the spatial distribution of chlorine in the CdTe absorber material after a CdCl sub(2) treatment comparable to industrial practices. We used a state-of-the-art, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (ION-TOF GmbH) (Muenster, Germany) with a lateral resolution of about 80nm to complete three-dimensional depth-profiling and imaging of two CdTe devices. The results clearly demonstrate enhanced chlorine concentration along grain boundaries, supporting the hypothesis that chlorine plays an important role in passivating grain boundaries in CdTe solar cells. The results are discussed in terms of possible passivation mechanisms, and the effect of chlorine on grain interiors and grain boundaries. The data are also used to estimate the free energy of segregation of chlorine to grain boundaries in CdTe. Direct visual evidence of enhanced chlorine concentration in CdTe films after a typical CdCl sub(2) treatment was obtained via high-resolution time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. This lends support to the prevailing hypothesis that chlorine helps to passivates grain boundaries in CdTe. The data were used to estimate the grain-boundary segregation enthalpy for chlorine in CdTe. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Harvey, Steven P AU - Teeter, Glenn AU - Moutinho, Helio AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA. Y1 - 2015/07// PY - 2015 DA - Jul 2015 SP - 838 EP - 846 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 23 IS - 7 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Spatial distribution KW - Energy KW - Solar cells KW - Chlorine KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Germany KW - Grains KW - Germany, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Muenster KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1694977956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Direct+evidence+of+enhanced+chlorine+segregation+at+grain+boundaries+in+polycrystalline+CdTe+thin+films+via+three-dimensional+TOF-SIMS+imaging&rft.au=Harvey%2C+Steven+P%3BTeeter%2C+Glenn%3BMoutinho%2C+Helio%3BAl-Jassim%2C+Mowafak+M&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=838&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.2498 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Spatial distribution; Solar cells; Energy; Mass spectrometry; Chlorine; Grains; Germany; Germany, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Muenster DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2498 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Understanding Potential Air Emissions from a Cellulosic Biorefinery Producing Renewable Diesel Blendstock T2 - 108th Air and Waste Management Association Annual Conference AN - 1697992647; 6353318 JF - 108th Air and Waste Management Association Annual Conference AU - Zhang, Yimin AU - Renzaglia, Jason AU - Thomas, Mae AU - Heath, Garvin Y1 - 2015/06/22/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jun 22 KW - Emissions KW - Diesel UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1697992647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=108th+Air+and+Waste+Management+Association+Annual+Conference&rft.atitle=Understanding+Potential+Air+Emissions+from+a+Cellulosic+Biorefinery+Producing+Renewable+Diesel+Blendstock&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yimin%3BRenzaglia%2C+Jason%3BThomas%2C+Mae%3BHeath%2C+Garvin&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Yimin&rft.date=2015-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=108th+Air+and+Waste+Management+Association+Annual+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ace2015.awma.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/01-7294-2015-ACE-Final-Program.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-06-30 N1 - Last updated - 2015-07-23 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vibro-acoustic propagation of gear dynamics in a gear-bearing-housing system AN - 1732811711; PQ0002039831 AB - This work developed a computational process to predict noise radiation from gearboxes. It developed a system-level vibro-acoustic model of an actual gearbox, including gears, bearings, shafts, and housing structure, and compared the results to experiments. The meshing action of gear teeth causes vibrations to propagate through shafts and bearings to the housing radiating noise. The vibration excitation from the gear mesh and the system response were predicted using finite element and lumped-parameter models. From these results, the radiated noise was calculated using a boundary element model of the housing. Experimental vibration and noise measurements from the gearbox confirmed the computational predictions. The developed tool was used to investigate the influence of standard rolling element and modified journal bearings on gearbox radiated noise. JF - Noise and Vibration in Industry AU - Guo, Yi AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401-3305, United States PY - 2015 SP - 101 EP - 102 PB - Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd., 107 High St. Brentwood, Essex CM14 4RX United Kingdom VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0950-8163, 0950-8163 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Teeth KW - Housing KW - Radiation KW - Vibration KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732811711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noise+and+Vibration+in+Industry&rft.atitle=Vibro-acoustic+propagation+of+gear+dynamics+in+a+gear-bearing-housing+system&rft.au=Guo%2C+Yi&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=Yi&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Noise+and+Vibration+in+Industry&rft.issn=09508163&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Teeth; Prediction; Radiation; Housing; Vibration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photoelectrochemical water oxidation efficiency of a core/shell array photoanode enhanced by a dual suppression strategy. AN - 1680754116; 25711390 AB - The development of earth-abundant semiconductor photoelectrodes is of great importance to high-efficiency and sustainable photoelectrochemical water splitting. Herein, a one-dimensional TiO2 array photoanode was sheathed with an ultrathin overlayer of phosphated nickel-chromium double-metal hydroxide by a photoassisted modification and deposition strategy. The core/shell array photoanode resulted in a large cathodic shift of photocurrent onset potential (≈200 mV). Nearly 100 % oxidative efficiency for PEC water oxidation was achieved over a wide range of potential. Mechanism studies show that the modification of phosphate leads to significantly improved charge separation. The amorphous hydroxide sheath could efficiently inhibit oxygen reduction reactions. Therefore, this strategy enables the simultaneous suppression of surface carrier recombination and back reactions, which is promising to improve the water oxidation efficiency of currently prevailing photoanodes. JF - ChemSusChem AU - He, Wanhong AU - Yang, Ye AU - Wang, Liren AU - Yang, Junjiao AU - Xiang, Xu AU - Yan, Dongpeng AU - Li, Feng AD - State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 (P.R. China). ; Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 (USA). ; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 (P.R. China). xiangxu@mail.buct.edu.cn. ; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 (P.R. China). yandongpeng001@163.com. Y1 - 2015/05/11/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 May 11 SP - 1568 EP - 1576 VL - 8 IS - 9 KW - Buffers KW - 0 KW - Hydroxides KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Index Medicus KW - sustainable chemistry KW - oxidation KW - photochemistry KW - electrochemistry KW - nanostructures KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Chromium -- chemistry KW - Electrodes KW - Hydroxides -- chemistry KW - Electrochemistry KW - Nickel -- chemistry KW - Catalysis KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Photochemical Processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1680754116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ChemSusChem&rft.atitle=Photoelectrochemical+water+oxidation+efficiency+of+a+core%2Fshell+array+photoanode+enhanced+by+a+dual+suppression+strategy.&rft.au=He%2C+Wanhong%3BYang%2C+Ye%3BWang%2C+Liren%3BYang%2C+Junjiao%3BXiang%2C+Xu%3BYan%2C+Dongpeng%3BLi%2C+Feng&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Wanhong&rft.date=2015-05-11&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1568&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ChemSusChem&rft.issn=1864-564X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fcssc.201403294 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2015-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201403294 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molybdenum incorporated mesoporous silica catalyst for production of biofuels and value-added chemicals via catalytic fast pyrolysis AN - 1692387363; PQ0001569346 AB - Production of value-added furans and phenols from biomass through catalytic fast pyrolysis of pine using molybdenum supported on KIT-5 mesoporous silica was explored. Catalysts containing different loadings of molybdenum were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, physisorption and chemisorption analysis, various electron microscopic techniques and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Characterization studies indicate that molybdenum is homogeneously distributed over the KIT-5 silica support in a +6 oxidation state. Fast pyrolysis of pine using molecular beam mass spectrometry with fresh Mo catalyst preferentially produced furans and phenols over conventionally observed aromatic hydrocarbons. Detailed investigation of model biopolymers indicates that the furans originated from the carbohydrate portion of the biomass and the phenols emerged predominantly from the lignin portion of biomass. Results obtained from MBMS were complemented using pyrolytic-GCMS. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Budhi, Sridhar AU - Mukarakate, Calvin AU - Iisa, Kristiina AU - Pylypenko, Svitlana AU - Ciesielski, Peter N AU - Yung, Matthew M AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AU - Katahira, Rui AU - Nimlos, Mark R AU - Trewyn, Brian G AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15523 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401-3393; USA Y1 - 2015/05// PY - 2015 DA - May 2015 SP - 3035 EP - 3046 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); METADEX (MD); Advanced Polymers Abstracts (EP); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Composites Industry Abstracts (ED); Engineered Materials Abstracts, Ceramics (EC) KW - Pyrolysis KW - Molybdenum KW - Catalysts KW - Furans KW - Biomass KW - Pine KW - Phenols KW - Silicon dioxide UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1692387363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Molybdenum+incorporated+mesoporous+silica+catalyst+for+production+of+biofuels+and+value-added+chemicals+via+catalytic+fast+pyrolysis&rft.au=Budhi%2C+Sridhar%3BMukarakate%2C+Calvin%3BIisa%2C+Kristiina%3BPylypenko%2C+Svitlana%3BCiesielski%2C+Peter+N%3BYung%2C+Matthew+M%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon+S%3BKatahira%2C+Rui%3BNimlos%2C+Mark+R%3BTrewyn%2C+Brian+G&rft.aulast=Budhi&rft.aufirst=Sridhar&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3035&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc4gc02477j LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-08 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc02477j ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nickel oxide interlayer films from nickel formate-ethylenediamine precursor: influence of annealing on thin film properties and photovoltaic device performance AN - 1687664635; PQ0001569435 AB - An organometallic ink based on the nickel formate-ethylenediamine (Ni(O sub(2)CH) sub(2)(en) sub(2)) complex forms high performance NiO sub(x) thin film hole transport layers (HTL) in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Improved understanding of these HTLs functionality can be gained from temperature-dependent decomposition/oxidation chemistries during film formation and corresponding chemical structure-function relationships for energetics, charge selectivity, and transport in photovoltaic platforms. Investigations of as-cast films annealed in air (at 150 degree C-350 degree C), with and without subsequent O sub(2)-plasma treatment, were performed using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry to elucidate the decomposition and oxidation of the complex to NiO sub(x). Regardless of the anneal temperature, after exposure to O sub(2)-plasma, these HTLs exhibit work functions greater than the ionization potential of a prototype donor polymer poly(N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-th ienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole) (PCDTBT), thereby meeting a primary requirement of energy level alignment. Thus, bulk-heterojunction (BHJ), OPV solar cells made on this series of NiO sub(x) HTLs all exhibit similar open circuit voltages (V sub(oc)). In contrast, the short circuit currents increase significantly from 1.7 to 11.2 mA cm super(-2) upon increasing the anneal temperature from 150 degree C to 250 degree C. Concomitantly, increased conductivity and electrical homogeneity of NiO sub(x) thin films are observed at the nanoscale using conductive tip-AFM. Similar V sub(oc) observed for all the O sub(2)-plasma treated NiO sub(x) interlayers and variations to nanoscale conductivity suggest that the HTLs all form charge selective contacts and that their carrier extraction efficiency is determined by the amount of precursor conversion to NiO sub(x). The separation of these two properties: selectivity and conductivity, sheds further light on charge selective interlayer functionality. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Steirer, K X AU - Richards, R E AU - Sigdel, A K AU - Garcia, A AU - Ndione, P F AU - Hammond, S AU - Baker, D AU - Ratcliff, EL AU - Curtis, C AU - Furtak, T AU - Ginley, D S AU - Olson, D C AU - Armstrong, N R AU - Berry, J J AD - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arizona; Tucson; Arizona; USA; , Kenneth.Steirer@NREL.GOV Y1 - 2015/05// PY - 2015 DA - May 2015 SP - 10949 EP - 10958 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 3 IS - 20 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fourier transforms KW - Prototypes KW - Energy KW - Solar cells KW - Nickel KW - Oxidation KW - Temperature KW - Spectroscopy KW - Polymers KW - Decomposition KW - Sustainability KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1687664635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Nickel+oxide+interlayer+films+from+nickel+formate-ethylenediamine+precursor%3A+influence+of+annealing+on+thin+film+properties+and+photovoltaic+device+performance&rft.au=Steirer%2C+K+X%3BRichards%2C+R+E%3BSigdel%2C+A+K%3BGarcia%2C+A%3BNdione%2C+P+F%3BHammond%2C+S%3BBaker%2C+D%3BRatcliff%2C+EL%3BCurtis%2C+C%3BFurtak%2C+T%3BGinley%2C+D+S%3BOlson%2C+D+C%3BArmstrong%2C+N+R%3BBerry%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Steirer&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=10949&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5ta01379h LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-06-01 N1 - Number of references - 80 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fourier transforms; Prototypes; Solar cells; Energy; Oxidation; Nickel; Temperature; Polymers; Spectroscopy; Decomposition; Sustainability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01379h ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time-resolved recombination analysis in kesterite polycrystalline thin films and photovoltaic devices with one-photon and two-photon excitation AN - 1686443630; PQ0001548481 AB - Minority carrier lifetime, [tau] sub(B), is one of the key metrics for polycrystalline solar cell absorbers. Based on different spatial carrier-generation profiles obtained using one-photon and two-photon excitation (1PE and 2PE, respectively), we developed a new approach to determine [tau] sub(B) in polycrystalline thin films. By comparing time-resolved photoluminescence data measured with 1PE and 2PE, we extract [tau] sub(B) and surface recombination velocity S, and resolve charge, separation at the pn junction. For coevaporated kesterite (Cu sub(2)ZnSnSe sub(4)) absorbers, we find S = (0.8-2.1) x 10 super(4) cm s super(-1) and [tau] sub(B) = 7.0 + or - 0.5 ns. For corresponding photovoltaic devices, charge separation occurs in < or = 2 ns. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Kuciauskas, Darius AU - Repins, Ingrid AU - Kanevce, Ana AU - Li, Jian V AU - Dippo, Pat AU - Beall, Carolyn L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401-3305, USA PY - 2015 SP - 100 EP - 105 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 136 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Kesterites KW - Photoluminescence KW - Time-resolved photoluminescence KW - Minority carrier lifetime KW - Separation KW - Solar cells KW - Minority carriers KW - Excitation KW - Charge KW - Solar energy KW - Thin films KW - Photovoltaic cells UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1686443630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Time-resolved+recombination+analysis+in+kesterite+polycrystalline+thin+films+and+photovoltaic+devices+with+one-photon+and+two-photon+excitation&rft.au=Kuciauskas%2C+Darius%3BRepins%2C+Ingrid%3BKanevce%2C+Ana%3BLi%2C+Jian+V%3BDippo%2C+Pat%3BBeall%2C+Carolyn+L&rft.aulast=Kuciauskas&rft.aufirst=Darius&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2014.12.038 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.12.038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-cell-density cultivation of an engineered Rhodococcus opacus strain for lipid production via co-fermentation of glucose and xylose AN - 1691285240; PQ0001595944 AB - An engineered strain MITXM-61 of Rhodococcus opacus PD630 capable of utilizing xylose was used to produce biofuel precursor-triacylglycerols (TAG) from mixed glucose-xylose substrates. Optimal nitrogen source and carbon source concentrations were investigated for cell growth and microbial lipid production by MITXM-61 in flask cultures. In a two-stage batch culture, the maximum lipid yield (0.152 g TAG per g consumed carbon source) was achieved by utilizing a mixture of glucose and xylose. The fed-batch culture featured intermittent feeding of refined xylose solution during the lipid accumulation stage provided 45 g L super(-1) of cell dry weight, 54% (g TAG per g cell dry weight) of lipid content, 0.179 g g super(-1) (g TAG per g consumed carbon source) of lipid yield, and a 6.9 g L super(-1) day super(-1) of lipid productivity. Fatty acids extracted from microbial lipids produced by MITXM-61 were predominately palmitic and oleic acids, which are the major components in TAG-derived biofuels. JF - Process Biochemistry AU - Fei, Qiang AU - Wewetzer, Sandra J AU - Kurosawa, Kazuhiko AU - Rha, ChoKyun AU - Sinskey, Anthony J AD - Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139 MA, USA; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, 80401 CO, USA, asinskey@mit.edu Y1 - 2015/04// PY - 2015 DA - April 2015 SP - 500 EP - 506 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 1359-5113, 1359-5113 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Lipid production KW - Glucose/xylose co-fermentation KW - Rhodococcus opacus KW - Two-stage fed-batch cultivation KW - High cell density culture KW - Feeding KW - Xylose KW - Nitrogen sources KW - Lipids KW - Glucose KW - Cell culture KW - Carbon sources KW - Batch culture KW - Fed-batch culture KW - Fatty acids KW - Oleic acid KW - Biofuels KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1691285240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Process+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=High-cell-density+cultivation+of+an+engineered+Rhodococcus+opacus+strain+for+lipid+production+via+co-fermentation+of+glucose+and+xylose&rft.au=Fei%2C+Qiang%3BWewetzer%2C+Sandra+J%3BKurosawa%2C+Kazuhiko%3BRha%2C+ChoKyun%3BSinskey%2C+Anthony+J&rft.aulast=Fei&rft.aufirst=Qiang&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=500&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Process+Biochemistry&rft.issn=13595113&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.procbio.2015.01.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feeding; Xylose; Nitrogen sources; Fed-batch culture; Lipids; Fatty acids; Glucose; Cell culture; Carbon sources; Oleic acid; Biofuels; Batch culture; Rhodococcus opacus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2015.01.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Planetary gear load sharing of wind turbine drivetrains subjected to non-torque loads AN - 1680442568; PQ0001254512 AB - An analytical formulation was developed to estimate the load-sharing and planetary loads of a three-point suspension wind turbine drivetrain considering the effects of non-torque loads, gravity and bearing clearance. A three-dimensional dynamic drivetrain model that includes mesh stiffness variation, tooth modifications and gearbox housing flexibility was also established to investigate gear tooth load distribution and non-linear tooth and bearing contact of the planetary gears. These models were validated with experimental data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Gearbox Reliability Collaborative. Non-torque loads and gravity induce fundamental excitations in the rotating carrier frame, which can increase gearbox loads and disturb load sharing. Clearance in the carrier bearings reduces the bearing stiffness significantly. This increases the amount of pitching moment transmitted from the rotor to the gear meshes and disturbs the planetary load share, thereby resulting in edge loading. Edge loading increases the likelihood of tooth pitting and planet-bearing fatigue, leading to reduced gearbox life. Additionally, at low-input torque, the planet-bearing loads are often less than the minimum recommended load and thus susceptible to skidding. Copyright copyright 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Wind Energy AU - Guo, Yi AU - Keller, Jonathan AU - LaCava, William AD - National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA. Y1 - 2015/04// PY - 2015 DA - April 2015 SP - 757 EP - 768 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1095-4244, 1095-4244 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fatigue KW - Housing KW - Wind energy KW - Renewable energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1680442568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=Planetary+gear+load+sharing+of+wind+turbine+drivetrains+subjected+to+non-torque+loads&rft.au=Guo%2C+Yi%3BKeller%2C+Jonathan%3BLaCava%2C+William&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=Yi&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10954244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.1731 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fatigue; Wind energy; Housing; Renewable energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.1731 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maturation of biomass-to-biofuels conversion technology pathways for rapid expansion of biofuels production: a system dynamics perspective AN - 1668255702; PQ0001248922 AB - The Biomass Scenario Model (BSM) is a system-dynamics simulation model intended to explore the potential for rapid expansion of the biofuels industry. The model is not predictive - it uses scenario assumptions based on various types of data to simulate industry development, emphasizing how incentives and technological learning-by-doing might accelerate industry growth. The BSM simulates major sectors of the biofuels industry, including feedstock production and logistics, conversion, distribution, and end uses, as well as interactions among sectors. The model represents conversion of biomass to biofuels as a set of technology pathways, each of which has allowable feedstocks, capital and operating costs, allowable products, and other defined characteristics. This study and the BSM address bioenergy modeling analytic needs that were identified in recent literature reviews. Simulations indicate that investments are most effective at expanding biofuels production through learning-by-doing when they are coordinated with respect to timing, pathway, and target sector within the biofuels industry. Effectiveness metrics include timing and magnitude of increased production, incentive cost and cost effectiveness, and avoidance of windfall profits. Investment costs and optimal investment targets have inherent risks and uncertainties, such as the relative value of investment in more-mature versus less mature pathways. These can be explored through scenarios, but cannot be precisely predicted. Dynamic competition, including competition for cellulosic feedstocks and ethanol market shares, intensifies during times of rapid growth. Ethanol production increases rapidly, even up to Renewable Fuel Standards-targeted volumes of biofuel, in simulations that allow higher blending proportions of ethanol in gasoline-fueled vehicles. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Biofuels, Bioproducts, Biorefining published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Vimmerstedt, Laura J AU - Bush, Brian W AU - Hsu, Dave D AU - Inman, Daniel AU - Peterson, Steven O AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Strategic Energy Analysis Center, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2015/03// PY - 2015 DA - March 2015 SP - 158 EP - 176 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Data processing KW - Fuels KW - Operating costs KW - Simulation KW - Refining KW - Incentives KW - Biomass KW - Chemical industry KW - USA KW - Literature reviews KW - Renewable energy KW - Profits KW - Competition KW - Biofuels KW - Technology KW - Ethanol KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - R2 23070:Economics, organization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1668255702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Maturation+of+biomass-to-biofuels+conversion+technology+pathways+for+rapid+expansion+of+biofuels+production%3A+a+system+dynamics+perspective&rft.au=Vimmerstedt%2C+Laura+J%3BBush%2C+Brian+W%3BHsu%2C+Dave+D%3BInman%2C+Daniel%3BPeterson%2C+Steven+O&rft.aulast=Vimmerstedt&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1515 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Literature reviews; Fuels; Refining; Biomass; Biofuels; Ethanol; Fuel technology; Operating costs; Simulation; Incentives; Chemical industry; Renewable energy; Profits; Competition; Technology; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1515 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correction: Photoelectrochemical reduction of nitrates at the illuminated p-GaInP sub(2) photoelectrode AN - 1668251646; PQ0001247884 AB - Correction for 'Photoelectrochemical reduction of nitrates at the illuminated p-GaInP sub(2) photoelectrode' by Heli Wang et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2013, 6, 1802-1805. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Wang, Heli AU - Turner, John A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; Colorado 80401; USA; +1 303 275 3840; +1 303 275 3858; , heli.wang@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/03// PY - 2015 DA - Mar 2015 SP - 1046 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Environment Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1668251646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Correction%3A+Photoelectrochemical+reduction+of+nitrates+at+the+illuminated+p-GaInP+sub%282%29+photoelectrode&rft.au=Wang%2C+Heli%3BTurner%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Heli&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1046&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5ee90006a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee90006a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of the role of lignin in biphasic xylan hydrolysis during dilute acid and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover AN - 1668249995; PQ0001252019 AB - One of the key objectives of biomass pretreatment is to maximize the xylose yield. However, the kinetics of xylan hydrolysis appear to be governed by two parallel first-order reactions with one reaction much faster than the other, thereby limiting both the rate and extent of xylan hydrolysis. Here, we investigate the influence of lignin on xylan hydrolysis kinetics during dilute acid pretreatment of corn stover rind (CSR) by modifying either the substrate or the pretreatment conditions. Dilute acid pretreatment was conducted to test the hypothesis that association of a fraction of the xylan with lignin causes this fraction to hydrolyze at a slower rate resulting in biphasic kinetics. In addition, CSR was pretreated under organosolv (OS) conditions, where xylan and lignin were solubilized simultaneously, to decouple the hydrolysis of xylan from the lignin redistribution process that occurs during dilute acid pretreatment. Dilute acid pretreatment of CSR delignified under mild conditions still exhibited biphasic kinetics, although the fraction of slow hydrolyzing xylan decreased and the rate of fast hydrolyzing xylan increased by 60% resulting in achieving more than 95% total xylose yield. Pretreatment of CSR under OS conditions also appeared to exhibit biphasic xylan hydrolysis kinetics. Unexpectedly, the solubilization of xylan and lignin appeared to occur at similar rates. The increases in the rate and fraction of fast hydrolyzing xylan observed by removing the majority of the lignin support the hypothesis that the slow hydrolyzing xylan is a result of its association with lignin. To further investigate the role of lignin in xylan hydrolysis, the raw and pretreated CSR samples were labeled with a monoclonal antibody (containing a fluorescent dye) that binds xylan specifically so that the location of xylan in the cell wall could be imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLM). CLM of the pretreated delignified samples showed a similar, intense signal pattern as exhibited by the raw and pretreated control, indicating that the majority of the remaining xylan was located at both cytosolic and middle lamellar cell wall edges. OS pretreated CSR did, however, show a diminution in signal intensity at cell wall edges compared to CSR pretreated under standard dilute acid conditions. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Mittal, Ashutosh AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Black, Stuart K AU - Pilath, Heidi M AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Johnson, David K AD - Biosciences Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver W. Parkway; Golden; CO 80401; USA; , ashutosh.mittal@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/03// PY - 2015 DA - March 2015 SP - 1546 EP - 1558 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Kinetics KW - Corn KW - Green development KW - Microscopy KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1668249995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+the+role+of+lignin+in+biphasic+xylan+hydrolysis+during+dilute+acid+and+organosolv+pretreatment+of+corn+stover&rft.au=Mittal%2C+Ashutosh%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BBrunecky%2C+Roman%3BBlack%2C+Stuart+K%3BPilath%2C+Heidi+M%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BJohnson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Mittal&rft.aufirst=Ashutosh&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1546&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc4gc02258k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 43 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Kinetics; Microscopy; Green development; Corn; Biomass; Hydrolysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc02258k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancing photo-catalytic production of organic acids in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.PCC 6803 Delta glgC, a strain incapable of glycogen storage AN - 1664195968; PQ0001221183 AB - A key objective in microbial biofuels strain development is to maximize carbon flux to target products while minimizing cell biomass accumulation, such that ideally the algae and bacteria would operate in a photo-catalytic state. A brief period of such a physiological state has recently been demonstrated in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.PCC 6803 Delta glgC strain incapable of glycogen storage. When deprived of nitrogen, the Delta glgC excretes the organic acids alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate for a number of days without increasing cell biomass. This study examines the relationship between the growth state and the photo-catalytic state, and characterizes the metabolic adaptability of the photo-catalytic state to increasing light intensity. It is found that the culture can transition naturally from the growth state into the photo-catalytic state when provided with limited nitrogen supply during the growth phase. Photosynthetic capacity and pigments are lost over time in the photo-catalytic state. Reversal to growth state is observed with re-addition of nitrogen nutrient, accompanied by restoration of photosynthetic capacity and pigment levels in the cells. While the overall productivity increased under high light conditions, the ratio of alpha-ketoglutarate/pyruvate is altered, suggesting that carbon partition between the two products is adaptable to environmental conditions. A cyanobacterial mutant can transition from growth to excretion of organic acids upon depletion of nitrogen nutrient, and can transition back to growth upon re-addition of the nutrient. JF - Microbial Biotechnology AU - Carrieri, Damian AU - Broadbent, Charlie AU - Carruth, David AU - Paddock, Troy AU - Ungerer, Justin AU - Maness, Pin-Ching AU - Ghirardi, Maria AU - Yu, Jianping AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA. PY - 2015 SP - 275 EP - 280 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ United Kingdom VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1751-7915, 1751-7915 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Synechocystis KW - Light intensity KW - Cell culture KW - Nutrients KW - Development KW - Biomass KW - Glycogen KW - Light effects KW - Adaptability KW - organic acids KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Pyruvic acid KW - Carbon KW - Pigments KW - Excretion KW - Environmental conditions KW - Biofuels KW - Algae KW - Nitrogen KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1664195968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Enhancing+photo-catalytic+production+of+organic+acids+in+the+cyanobacterium+Synechocystis+sp.PCC+6803+Delta+glgC%2C+a+strain+incapable+of+glycogen+storage&rft.au=Carrieri%2C+Damian%3BBroadbent%2C+Charlie%3BCarruth%2C+David%3BPaddock%2C+Troy%3BUngerer%2C+Justin%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria%3BYu%2C+Jianping&rft.aulast=Carrieri&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Biotechnology&rft.issn=17517915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2F1751-7915.12243 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Light intensity; Nutrients; Cell culture; Development; Biomass; Glycogen; Light effects; organic acids; Adaptability; Carbon; Pyruvic acid; Pigments; Excretion; Environmental conditions; Biofuels; Nitrogen; Algae; Synechocystis; Cyanobacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12243 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mitigating irreversible capacity losses from carbon agents via surface modification AN - 1677908433; PQ0001285677 AB - Greatly improved cycling performance has been demonstrated with conformally coated lithium-ion electrodes by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) techniques. This paper reports the impact of coating on the electrode additives towards mitigating undesired parasitic reactions during cycling. The ALD and MLD coatings with conformality and atomic scale thickness control effectively stabilize the surface of the electrode components, and the current collector, resulting in the increase of coulombic efficiency throughout cycling. The organic fragment integrated into the recently developed MLD process allows the coating to possess excellent mechanical properties and enhanced ionic conductivity, which significantly reduces cell polarizations throughout cycling. This work validates the importance of ALD and MLD as surface modifiers and further demonstrates their versatility and compatibility with lithium-ion battery technology. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Piper, Daniela Molina AU - Son, Seoung-Bum AU - Travis, Jonathan J AU - Lee, Younghee AU - Han, Sang Sub AU - Kim, Seul Cham AU - Oh, Kyu Hwan AU - George, Steven M AU - Lee, Se-Hee AU - Ban, Chunmei AD - Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2015/02/01/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Feb 01 SP - 605 EP - 611 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 275 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Lithium-ion battery KW - Atomic layer deposition KW - Molecular layer deposition KW - Irreversible capacity loss KW - Ionic conductivity KW - Cycles KW - Coating KW - Carbon KW - Accumulators KW - Electrodes KW - Deposition KW - Polarization KW - Collectors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677908433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Mitigating+irreversible+capacity+losses+from+carbon+agents+via+surface+modification&rft.au=Piper%2C+Daniela+Molina%3BSon%2C+Seoung-Bum%3BTravis%2C+Jonathan+J%3BLee%2C+Younghee%3BHan%2C+Sang+Sub%3BKim%2C+Seul+Cham%3BOh%2C+Kyu+Hwan%3BGeorge%2C+Steven+M%3BLee%2C+Se-Hee%3BBan%2C+Chunmei&rft.aulast=Piper&rft.aufirst=Daniela&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=275&rft.issue=&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2014.11.032 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-07 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.032 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acid-catalyzed algal biomass pretreatment for integrated lipid and carbohydrate-based biofuels production AN - 1660435406; PQ0001112320 AB - One of the major challenges associated with algal biofuels production in a biorefinery-type setting is improving biomass utilization in its entirety, increasing the process energetic yields and providing economically viable and scalable co-product concepts. We demonstrate the effectiveness of a novel, integrated technology based on moderate temperatures and low pH to convert the carbohydrates in wet algal biomass to soluble sugars for fermentation, while making lipids more accessible for downstream extraction and leaving a protein-enriched fraction behind. We studied the effect of harvest timing on the conversion yields, using two algal strains; Chlorellaand Scenedesmus, generating biomass with distinctive compositional ratios of protein, carbohydrate, and lipids. We found that the late harvest Scenedesmusbiomass had the maximum theoretical biofuel potential at 143 gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) combined fuel yield per dry ton biomass, followed by late harvest Chlorellaat 128 GGE per ton. Our experimental data show a clear difference between the two strains, as Scenedesmuswas more successfully converted in this process with a demonstrated 97 GGE per ton. Our measurements indicated a release of >90% of the available glucose in the hydrolysate liquors and an extraction and recovery of up to 97% of the fatty acids from wet biomass. Techno-economic analysis for the combined product yields indicates that this process exhibits the potential to improve per-gallon fuel costs by up to 33% compared to a lipids-only process for one strain, Scenedesmus, grown to the mid-point harvest condition. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Laurens, LML AU - Nagle, N AU - Davis, R AU - Sweeney, N AU - Van Wychen, S AU - Lowell, A AU - Pienkos, P T AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; Colorado; USA; , Lieve.Laurens@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - February 2015 SP - 1145 EP - 1158 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Fermentation KW - Gasoline KW - Fuels KW - Lipids KW - Glucose KW - Downstream KW - Carbohydrates KW - pH effects KW - Hydrolysates KW - Algae KW - Scenedesmus KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Data processing KW - Biomass KW - Green development KW - Fatty acids KW - Proteins KW - Biofuels KW - K 03330:Biochemistry KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660435406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Acid-catalyzed+algal+biomass+pretreatment+for+integrated+lipid+and+carbohydrate-based+biofuels+production&rft.au=Laurens%2C+LML%3BNagle%2C+N%3BDavis%2C+R%3BSweeney%2C+N%3BVan+Wychen%2C+S%3BLowell%2C+A%3BPienkos%2C+P+T&rft.aulast=Laurens&rft.aufirst=LML&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc4gc01612b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Sugar; Data processing; Gasoline; Fermentation; Lipids; Fuels; Glucose; Biomass; Fatty acids; Carbohydrates; pH effects; Biofuels; Hydrolysates; Algae; Fuel technology; Green development; Proteins; Downstream; Scenedesmus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01612b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of inverted organic solar cells with ZnO contact layers deposited from precursor solutions AN - 1660408040; PQ0001103598 AB - We report on investigations of the stability of inverted organic solar cells with ZnO electron collecting interlayer that are solution-processed from zinc acetate (ZnAc) or diethylzinc (deZn) precursors. Characterization of the respective solar cells suggests that the two materials initially function similarly in devices, however, we find that devices with ZnO from the deZn precursor are more stable under long-term illumination and load than devices with ZnO from the ZnAc precursor. A dipolar phosphonic acid that reduces the ZnO work function also improved device performance and stability when compared with unmodified ZnAc-based ZnO, but was problematic for deZn-based ZnO. The long-term device degradation analyses shows that the improved devices had increased and significantly more stable open-circuit voltage and fill factor characteristics. Chemical analyses suggests that defects in the ZnO films, most likely interstitial zinc, may be responsible for the observed disparities in stability within organic solar cells. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - MacLeod, Bradley A AU - Tremolet de Villers, Bertrand J AU - Schulz, Philip AU - Ndione, Paul F AU - Kim, Hyungchul AU - Giordano, Anthony J AU - Zhu, Kai AU - Marder, Seth R AU - Graham, Samuel AU - Berry, Joseph J AU - Kahn, Antoine AU - Olson, Dana C AD - Chemistry & Nanoscience Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA; +1 303 384 6430; +1 303 384 6575; , dana.olson@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - Feb 2015 SP - 592 EP - 601 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Degradation KW - Solar cells KW - Energy KW - Zinc KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660408040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Stability+of+inverted+organic+solar+cells+with+ZnO+contact+layers+deposited+from+precursor+solutions&rft.au=MacLeod%2C+Bradley+A%3BTremolet+de+Villers%2C+Bertrand+J%3BSchulz%2C+Philip%3BNdione%2C+Paul+F%3BKim%2C+Hyungchul%3BGiordano%2C+Anthony+J%3BZhu%2C+Kai%3BMarder%2C+Seth+R%3BGraham%2C+Samuel%3BBerry%2C+Joseph+J%3BKahn%2C+Antoine%3BOlson%2C+Dana+C&rft.aulast=MacLeod&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=592&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc4ee02488e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Degradation; Energy; Solar cells; Zinc DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ee02488e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adipic acid production from lignin AN - 1660406867; PQ0001103606 AB - Lignin is an alkyl-aromatic polymer present in plant cell walls for defense, structure, and water transport. Despite exhibiting a high-energy content, lignin is typically slated for combustion in modern biorefineries due to its inherent heterogeneity and recalcitrance, whereas cellulose and hemicellulose are converted to renewable fuels and chemicals. However, it is critical for the viability of third-generation biorefineries to valorize lignin alongside polysaccharides. To that end, we employ metabolic engineering, separations, and catalysis to convert lignin-derived species into cis,cis-muconic acid, for subsequent hydrogenation to adipic acid, the latter being the most widely produced dicarboxylic acid. First, Pseudomonas putidaKT2440 was metabolically engineered to funnel lignin-derived aromatics to cis,cis-muconate, which is an atom-efficient biochemical transformation. This engineered strain was employed in fed-batch biological cultivation to demonstrate a cis,cis-muconate titer of 13.5 g L super(-1) in 78.5 h from a model lignin-derived compound. cis,cis-Muconic acid was recovered in high purity (>97%) and yield (74%) by activated carbon treatment and crystallization (5 degree C, pH 2). Pd/C was identified as a highly active catalyst for cis,cis-muconic acid hydrogenation to adipic acid with high conversion (>97%) and selectivity (>97%). Under surface reaction controlling conditions (24 degree C, 24 bar, ethanol solvent), purified cis,cis-muconic acid exhibits a turnover frequency of 23-30 s super(-1) over Pd/C, with an apparent activation energy of 70 kJ mol super(-1). Lastly, cis,cis-muconate was produced with engineered P. putidagrown on a biomass-derived, lignin-enriched stream, demonstrating an integrated strategy towards lignin valorization to an important commodity chemical. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Vardon, Derek R AU - Franden, Mary Ann AU - Johnson, Christopher W AU - Karp, Eric M AU - Guarnieri, Michael T AU - Linger, Jeffrey G AU - Salm, Michael J AU - Strathmann, Timothy J AU - Beckham, Gregg T AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA; , gregg.beckham@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - Feb 2015 SP - 617 EP - 628 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Biochemistry KW - Activated carbon KW - Acid production KW - Solvents KW - Pseudomonas KW - Combustion KW - Renewable energy KW - Energy KW - Catalysts KW - Polymers KW - pH KW - Catalysis KW - Ethanol KW - Cultivation KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660406867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Adipic+acid+production+from+lignin&rft.au=Vardon%2C+Derek+R%3BFranden%2C+Mary+Ann%3BJohnson%2C+Christopher+W%3BKarp%2C+Eric+M%3BGuarnieri%2C+Michael+T%3BLinger%2C+Jeffrey+G%3BSalm%2C+Michael+J%3BStrathmann%2C+Timothy+J%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg+T&rft.aulast=Vardon&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc4ee03230f LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 63 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; Biochemistry; Activated carbon; Acid production; Solvents; Combustion; Energy; Renewable energy; Catalysts; Polymers; pH; Cultivation; Ethanol; Catalysis; Pseudomonas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ee03230f ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Next-Generation Satellite Product for NREL's National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB) T2 - 95th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting AN - 1658696411; 6337686 JF - 95th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting AU - Sengupta, Manajit AU - Habte, A AU - Gotseff, P AU - Lopez, A AU - Weekley, A AU - Xie, Y AU - Molling, C AU - Heidinger, A Y1 - 2015/01/04/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jan 04 KW - Databases KW - Remote sensing KW - Solar radiation KW - Satellites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1658696411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=95th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting&rft.atitle=The+Next-Generation+Satellite+Product+for+NREL%27s+National+Solar+Radiation+Data+Base+%28NSRDB%29&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+Manajit%3BHabte%2C+A%3BGotseff%2C+P%3BLopez%2C+A%3BWeekley%2C+A%3BXie%2C+Y%3BMolling%2C+C%3BHeidinger%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Manajit&rft.date=2015-01-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/95Annual/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-02-28 N1 - Last updated - 2015-02-27 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A pathway for net-zero energy buildings: creating a case for zero cost increase AN - 1622612259; 20863778 AB - To have market relevance and gain widespread market adoption, zero energy buildings (ZEBs) will need to be designed and constructed cost-effectively, and preferably without additional costs. An approach was developed to create low-energy buildings without additional construction costs such that it yielded innovation in building technology and integration by the market. A case study of the implementation of this method is presented to provide a data point that ZEBs can be built with zero cost increase. Documenting cost-control best practices and packaging those strategies for adoption by the commercial building sector will help make the business case for ZEBs for mainstream construction and promote market uptake of the innovative technologies and design approaches needed. The holistic implementation of cost-control strategies will enable ZEBs to be designed and constructed on a typical budget. The current state of ZEB economics is evaluated and a path forward is proposed for greater market penetration of ZEBs. By demonstrating how to combine ZEB technologies and design approaches into an overall efficiency package that can be implemented at minimal (zero, in certain cases) incremental capital cost, the domain of ZEB design and construction can be expanded from a niche market to the commercial construction mainstream. JF - Building Research & Information AU - Torcellini, Paul AU - Pless, Shanti AU - Leach, Matt AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, US Y1 - 2015/01/02/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jan 02 SP - 25 EP - 33 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN United Kingdom VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0961-3218, 0961-3218 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Best practices KW - Buildings KW - Niche markets KW - Case studies KW - Energy KW - Economics KW - Uptake KW - Capital costs KW - Budgets KW - Technology KW - Innovations KW - Packaging KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1622612259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Building+Research+%26+Information&rft.atitle=A+pathway+for+net-zero+energy+buildings%3A+creating+a+case+for+zero+cost+increase&rft.au=Torcellini%2C+Paul%3BPless%2C+Shanti%3BLeach%2C+Matt&rft.aulast=Torcellini&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2015-01-02&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Building+Research+%26+Information&rft.issn=09613218&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09613218.2014.960783 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Niche markets; Case studies; Best practices; Energy; Economics; Uptake; Budgets; Capital costs; Buildings; Packaging; Innovations; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2014.960783 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contact-Induced Mechanisms in Organic Photovoltaics: A Steady-State and Transient Study AN - 1770319277; 21274872 AB - The role of the contacts in thin-film, blended heterojunctions (<100 nm thick) organic photovoltaics is explored, specifically considering concepts of carrier selectivity, injection, and extraction efficiency, relative to recombination. Contact effects are investigated by comparing two hole-collecting interlayers: a phosphonic acid monolayer on indium tin oxide (ITO) and a nickel oxide thin film. The interlayers have equivalent work functions ( approximately 5.4 eV) but widely variant energy band offsets relative to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the acceptor (electron blocking versus not), which are coupled to large differences in carrier density. Trends in open-circuit voltages (V sub(OC)) as a function of light intensity and temperature are compared and it is concluded that the dominant mechanism limiting V sub(OC) for high density of states contacts is free carrier injection, not surface recombination or extraction barriers. Transient photocurrent decay measurements confirm excess reinjected carriers decrease the extraction efficiency via increased recombination and decrease free carrier lifetime, even at high internal electric fields, due to space charge accumulation. These results demonstrate that the energetics and injection dynamics of the interface between interlayers and high carrier density electrodes (typically ITO and metals) must be considered with fabrication and processing of interlayers, in addition to possible carrier selectivity and the interface with the active layer. Free carrier lifetimes in organic photo-voltaics are shown to vary for contacts with equivalent work functions but different carrier densities. Suppression of injection at the hole-collecting interface is demonstrated to reduce recombination, leading to a higher number of extracted carriers, even under short-circuit conditions. Surface recombination is found to be a non-dominant mechanism for the high density of states contact. JF - Advanced Energy Materials AU - Cowan, Sarah R AU - Li, Jian V AU - Olson, Dana C AU - Ratcliff, Erin L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA. Y1 - 2015/01// PY - 2015 DA - January 2015 SP - [np] PB - Wiley-Blackwell, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD United Kingdom VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1614-6832, 1614-6832 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Interlayers KW - Extraction KW - Carriers KW - Carrier density KW - Solar cells KW - High density KW - Indium tin oxide KW - Photovoltaic cells KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1770319277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advanced+Energy+Materials&rft.atitle=Contact-Induced+Mechanisms+in+Organic+Photovoltaics%3A+A+Steady-State+and+Transient+Study&rft.au=Cowan%2C+Sarah+R%3BLi%2C+Jian+V%3BOlson%2C+Dana+C%3BRatcliff%2C+Erin+L&rft.aulast=Cowan&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=%5Bnp%5D&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advanced+Energy+Materials&rft.issn=16146832&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Faenm.201400549 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201400549 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Translating outdoor CPV I-V measurements to a CSTC power rating and the associated uncertainty AN - 1732818557; PQ0002135363 AB - A complete procedure is presented for translating outdoor concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) I-V measurements to the Concentrator Standard Test Conditions (CTSC) (1000W/m super(2) and 25 degree C cell temperature). Methods are demonstrated for measuring all the necessary input parameters for the translation, including outdoor thermal transient measurements and indoor dark I-V curves. Four modules are subjected to the translation method based on multiple months of outdoor data, one module measured at National Renewable Energy Laboratory and three at Fraunhofer ISE. The modules are also characterized under a sun simulator to provide a comparison to the translation approach. The results show that translated CSTC efficiencies are in good agreement with the efficiencies from the solar simulator. Two of the modules agreed within 1%, whereas the other two modules agree within approximately 4%. An uncertainty analysis of the input parameters is discussed in the context of the total uncertainty associated with the translation to CSTC. The reference voltage and efficiency temperature coefficient are the key parameters impacting the translation uncertainty, whereas uncertainty in the outdoor data is driven by spectral and meteorological parameters. A procedure is presented for translating outdoor concentrator photovoltaic I-V measurements to indoor conditions. Unique methods are investigated using outdoor thermal transient measurements and indoor dark I-V curves. Four modules are subjected to the translation method and compared with concentrator photovoltaic simulator measurements. The results show that translated efficiencies of Concentrator Standard Test Conditions are in good agreement with the efficiencies from the solar simulator. Two of the modules agree within 1%, whereas the other two modules agree within 4%. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Muller, Matthew AU - Kurtz, Sarah AU - Steiner, Marc AU - Siefer, Gerald AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 303-384-6164, USA. PY - 2015 SP - 1557 EP - 1571 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 23 IS - 11 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Renewable energy KW - Sun KW - Temperature KW - Meteorology KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732818557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Translating+outdoor+CPV+I-V+measurements+to+a+CSTC+power+rating+and+the+associated+uncertainty&rft.au=Muller%2C+Matthew%3BKurtz%2C+Sarah%3BSteiner%2C+Marc%3BSiefer%2C+Gerald&rft.aulast=Muller&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.2590 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Renewable energy; Sun; Temperature; Meteorology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2590 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Key parameters in determining energy generated by CPV modules AN - 1732810001; PQ0002017752 AB - We identify the key inputs and measurement data needed for accurate energy rating of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules based on field observations of multiple CPV modules. Acceptance angle is shown to correlate with the observed module-level performance ratio (PR) for the modules studied. Using power ratings based on concentrator standard test conditions, PRs between 90% and 95% were observed during the summers with up to ~10% lower PRs during the winters. A module fabricated by Semprius showed 94% plus or minus 0.7% PR over almost 2years with seasonal variation in PR of less than 1% showing how a module with relatively large acceptance angle may show very consistent average efficiency (calculated from the energy generated relative to the energy available), potentially simplifying energy ratings. The application of the results for translation of energy rating from one location to another is discussed, concluding that most of the translation differences may be correlated with temperature differences between sites with the largest variation happening when optical efficiency depends on temperature. Field observations of CPV modules are examined to identify critical parameters for energy rating CPV modules. Acceptance angle correlates with performance ratio (PR) for the modules studied. PR of 90-95% was observed during the summers with up to ~10% lower PRs during colder times as shown in the figure. A Semprius module showed 94% plus or minus 0.7% PR with seasonal variation in PR of <1% showing how CPV modules may show very consistent average efficiency, potentially simplifying energy ratings. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Kurtz, Sarah AU - Muller, Matthew AU - Jordan, Dirk AU - Ghosal, Kanchan AU - Fisher, Brent AU - Verlinden, Pierre AU - Hashimoto, Jun AU - Riley, Daniel AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. PY - 2015 SP - 1250 EP - 1259 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 23 IS - 10 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Energy efficiency KW - Energy KW - Temperature KW - Summer KW - Seasonal variations KW - Winter KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732810001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Key+parameters+in+determining+energy+generated+by+CPV+modules&rft.au=Kurtz%2C+Sarah%3BMuller%2C+Matthew%3BJordan%2C+Dirk%3BGhosal%2C+Kanchan%3BFisher%2C+Brent%3BVerlinden%2C+Pierre%3BHashimoto%2C+Jun%3BRiley%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Kurtz&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.2544 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Energy efficiency; Energy; Temperature; Summer; Seasonal variations; Winter DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2544 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State-space representation of Li-ion battery porous electrode impedance model with balanced model reduction AN - 1669854732; PQ0001063809 AB - This paper presents an approximate time-domain solution for physics-based electrochemical lithium-ion cell battery models. The time-domain solution is represented in state-space form and can be easily used for the design of a state estimator or controller. It uses an interconnection-of-system approach to derive a state-space representation of a battery impedance model and provides a reduced order model based via the balanced truncation method. Simulation results are also provided to show the performance of the proposed model in the frequency domain. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Jun, Myungsoo AU - Smith, Kandler AU - Graf, Peter AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA myungsoo.jun@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/01/01/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jan 01 SP - 1226 EP - 1236 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 273 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Li-ion battery KW - Time-domain solution KW - State-space realization KW - Impedance model KW - Balanced realization KW - Model order reduction KW - Estimators KW - Impedance KW - Mathematical models KW - Representations KW - Electrodes KW - Electric batteries KW - Lithium batteries KW - Balancing KW - Approximation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1669854732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=State-space+representation+of+Li-ion+battery+porous+electrode+impedance+model+with+balanced+model+reduction&rft.au=Jun%2C+Myungsoo%3BSmith%2C+Kandler%3BGraf%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Jun&rft.aufirst=Myungsoo&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=273&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2014.02.063 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-07 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.02.063 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Self-regulated growth and tunable properties of CuSbS sub(2) solar absorbers AN - 1669847541; PQ0001064006 AB - Polycrystalline thin film copper chalcogenide solar cells show remarkable efficiencies, and analogous but less-explored semiconducting materials may hold similar promise. With consideration of elemental abundance and process scalability, we explore the potential of the Cu-Sb-S material system for photovoltaic applications. Using a high-throughput combinatorial approach, Cu-Sb-S libraries were synthesized by magnetron co-sputtering of Cu sub(2)S and Sb sub(2)S sub(3) targets and evaluated by a suite of spatially resolved characterization techniques. The resulting compounds include Cu sub(1.8)S (digenite), Cu sub(12)Sb sub(4)S sub(13 ) (tetrahedrite), CuSbS sub(2) (chalcostibite), and Sb sub(2)S sub(3) (stibnite). Of the two ternary phases synthesized, CuSbS sub(2) was found to have the most potential, however, when deposited at low temperatures its electrical conductivity varied by several orders of magnitude due to the presence of impurities. To address this issue, we developed a self-regulated approach to synthesize stoichiometric CuSbS sub(2) films using excess Sb sub(2)S sub(3) vapor at elevated substrate temperatures. Theoretical calculations explain that phase-pure CuSbS sub(2) is expected to be formed over a relatively wide range of temperatures and pressures, bound by the sublimation of Sb sub(2)S sub(3) and decomposition of CuSbS sub(2). The carrier concentration of CuSbS sub(2) films produced within this regime was tunable from 10 super(16)-10 super(18) cm super(-3) through appropriate control of Sb sub(2)S sub(3) flux rate and substrate temperature. CuSbS sub(2) displayed a sharp optical absorption onset indicative of a direct transition at 1.5 eV and an absorption coefficient of 10 super(5) cm super(-1) within 0.3 eV of the onset. The results of this study suggest that CuSbS sub(2) holds promise for solar energy conversion due to its tolerant processing window, tunable carrier concentration, solar-matched band gap, and high absorption coefficient. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Welch, Adam W AU - Zawadzki, Pawel P AU - Lany, Stephan AU - Wolden, Colin A AU - Zakutayev, Andriy AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States; Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States adam.welch@nrel.gov PY - 2015 SP - 499 EP - 506 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 132 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); Copper Technical Reference Library (CD) KW - Chalcogenide KW - Earth abundant KW - CuSbS2 KW - Chalcostibite KW - Sputter deposition KW - Antimony KW - Layered structure KW - Combinatorial KW - SOLAR POWER KW - SULFIDES KW - CU KW - Carrier density KW - COPPER SULFIDE KW - Absorption coefficient KW - MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS KW - Copper KW - THIN FILMS KW - Solar cells KW - DENSITY KW - Stibnite KW - Copper sulfides KW - Combinatorial analysis KW - ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY KW - Electric potential KW - SOLAR CELLS KW - Photovoltaic cells UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1669847541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Self-regulated+growth+and+tunable+properties+of+CuSbS+sub%282%29+solar+absorbers&rft.au=Welch%2C+Adam+W%3BZawadzki%2C+Pawel+P%3BLany%2C+Stephan%3BWolden%2C+Colin+A%3BZakutayev%2C+Andriy&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2014.09.041 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.09.041 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of micro-electrical properties of Cu sub(2)ZnSnSe sub(4) thin films using scanning probe microscopy AN - 1669847198; PQ0001063985 AB - We report on a local potential and resistance mapping of Cu sub(2)ZnSnSe sub(4) (CZTSe) films using nm-resolution electrical scanning probe microscopies of scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy and scanning spreading resistance microscopy. We have conducted a comparative study with high-performance Cu sub(2)(In,Ga)Se sub(2) (CIGSe) film. Both CZTSe and CIGSe were deposited by co-evaporation of elements in vacuum. The results show that the microelectrical properties of the two polycrystalline materials are similar-higher potential and lower resistance on the grain boundaries (GBs) than on grain surfaces-suggesting inverted GB carrier polarity of these films. The consistent GB properties in contrast to the large difference in photovoltaic output of the two materials suggest that factors other than the GBs are responsible for the low photovoltaic output of CZTSe device. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Jiang, C-S AU - Repins, I L AU - Beall, C AU - Moutinho, H R AU - Ramanathan, K AU - Al-Jassim, M M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO 80401, USA chun.sheng.jiang@nrel.gov PY - 2015 SP - 342 EP - 347 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 132 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); Copper Technical Reference Library (CD) KW - CZTSe KW - Solar cell KW - thin film KW - Grain boundary KW - Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy KW - Scanning spreading resistance microscopy KW - Scanning probe microscopy KW - DEPOSITION KW - ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES KW - POLARITY KW - Spreading KW - Grain boundaries KW - COPPER SULFIDE KW - GRAIN BOUNDARIES KW - THIN FILMS KW - Scanning KW - Solar cells KW - Microscopy KW - Deposition KW - Polarity KW - MICROSCOPY KW - SOLAR CELLS KW - BOUNDARIES KW - Photovoltaic cells UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1669847198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+micro-electrical+properties+of+Cu+sub%282%29ZnSnSe+sub%284%29+thin+films+using+scanning+probe+microscopy&rft.au=Jiang%2C+C-S%3BRepins%2C+I+L%3BBeall%2C+C%3BMoutinho%2C+H+R%3BRamanathan%2C+K%3BAl-Jassim%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Jiang&rft.aufirst=C-S&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=&rft.spage=342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2014.08.046 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.08.046 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Updating United States Advanced Battery Consortium and Department of Energy battery technology targets for battery electric vehicles AN - 1642268219; 20888787 AB - Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) offer significant potential to reduce the nation's consumption of petroleum based products and the production of greenhouse gases however, their widespread adoption is limited largely by the cost and performance limitations of modern batteries. With recent growth in efforts to accelerate BEV adoption (e.g. the Department of Energy's (DOE) EV Everywhere Grand Challenge) and the age of existing BEV battery technology targets, there is sufficient motivation to re-evaluate the industry's technology targets for battery performance and cost. Herein we document the analysis process that supported the selection of the United States Advanced Battery Consortium's (USABC) updated BEV battery technology targets. Our technology agnostic approach identifies the necessary battery performance characteristics that will enable the vehicle level performance required for a commercially successful, mass market full BEV, as guided by the workgroup's OEM members. The result is an aggressive target, implying that batteries need to advance considerably before BEVs can be both cost and with existing petroleum powered vehicles. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Neubauer, Jeremy AU - Pesaran, Ahmad AU - Bae, Chulheung AU - Elder, Ron AU - Cunningham, Brian AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA Jeremy.neubauer@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/12/20/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Dec 20 SP - 614 EP - 621 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 271 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - United States Advanced Battery Consortium KW - Battery KW - BEV KW - Performance target KW - Electric vehicles KW - Crude oil KW - Consortia KW - Electric batteries KW - Vehicles KW - Marketing KW - Greenhouse effect UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1642268219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Updating+United+States+Advanced+Battery+Consortium+and+Department+of+Energy+battery+technology+targets+for+battery+electric+vehicles&rft.au=Neubauer%2C+Jeremy%3BPesaran%2C+Ahmad%3BBae%2C+Chulheung%3BElder%2C+Ron%3BCunningham%2C+Brian&rft.aulast=Neubauer&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.date=2014-12-20&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=&rft.spage=614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2014.06.043 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.043 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Developing the Next-Generation National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB) T2 - 47th American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AN - 1651744229; 6332102 JF - 47th American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Sengupta, Manajit AU - Habte, Aron AU - Gotseff, Peter AU - Lopez, Anthony AU - Weekley, Andrew Y1 - 2014/12/15/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Dec 15 KW - Databases KW - Solar radiation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1651744229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=47th+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Developing+the+Next-Generation+National+Solar+Radiation+Data+Base+%28NSRDB%29&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+Manajit%3BHabte%2C+Aron%3BGotseff%2C+Peter%3BLopez%2C+Anthony%3BWeekley%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Manajit&rft.date=2014-12-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=47th+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm14/meetingapp.cgi#ModuleSessionsByDay/0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-31 N1 - Last updated - 2015-02-06 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Harmonization of Initial Estimates of Shale Gas Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Electric Power Generation T2 - 47th American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AN - 1651740431; 6328580 JF - 47th American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Heath, Garvin AU - O'Donoughue, Patrick AU - Arent, Douglas AU - Bazilian, Morgan Y1 - 2014/12/15/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Dec 15 KW - Electric power generation KW - Climatic changes KW - Emissions KW - Life cycle KW - Shale KW - Greenhouse gases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1651740431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=47th+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Harmonization+of+Initial+Estimates+of+Shale+Gas+Life+Cycle+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions+for+Electric+Power+Generation&rft.au=Heath%2C+Garvin%3BO%27Donoughue%2C+Patrick%3BArent%2C+Douglas%3BBazilian%2C+Morgan&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Garvin&rft.date=2014-12-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=47th+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm14/meetingapp.cgi#ModuleSessionsByDay/0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-31 N1 - Last updated - 2015-02-06 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling Electricity Sector Vulnerabilities and Costs Associated with Water Temperatures Under Scenarios of Climate Change T2 - 47th American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AN - 1651739027; 6330627 JF - 47th American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Miara, Ariel AU - Brinkman, Gregory AU - Ibanez, Eduardo AU - Newmark, Robin Y1 - 2014/12/15/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Dec 15 KW - Climatic changes KW - Electricity KW - Vulnerability KW - Water temperature UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1651739027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=47th+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Modeling+Electricity+Sector+Vulnerabilities+and+Costs+Associated+with+Water+Temperatures+Under+Scenarios+of+Climate+Change&rft.au=Macknick%2C+Jordan%3BMiara%2C+Ariel%3BBrinkman%2C+Gregory%3BIbanez%2C+Eduardo%3BNewmark%2C+Robin&rft.aulast=Macknick&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft.date=2014-12-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=47th+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm14/meetingapp.cgi#ModuleSessionsByDay/0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-31 N1 - Last updated - 2015-02-06 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A Comparison of Coarse-Graining Approaches for Modeling Morphology in Push-Pull Polymers T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627977547; 6312069 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Jankowski, Eric AU - Olson, Dana Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Morphology KW - Polymers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627977547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=A+Comparison+of+Coarse-Graining+Approaches+for+Modeling+Morphology+in+Push-Pull+Polymers&rft.au=Jankowski%2C+Eric%3BOlson%2C+Dana&rft.aulast=Jankowski&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Selective Upgrading of Lignin Dimers to Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Biofuels T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627967822; 6311704 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Ben, Haoxi AU - Jarvis, Mark Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Fuel technology KW - Saturated hydrocarbons KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Lignin KW - Biofuels UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627967822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Selective+Upgrading+of+Lignin+Dimers+to+Aliphatic+Hydrocarbon+Biofuels&rft.au=Ben%2C+Haoxi%3BJarvis%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Ben&rft.aufirst=Haoxi&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Oxidation of Platinum Nickel Nanowires to Limit Displacement and Improve the Durability Characteristics of Oxygen-Reducing Electrocatalysts T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627965796; 6309215 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Alia, Shaun AU - Pylypenko, Svitlana AU - Dameron, Arrelaine AU - Neyerlin, K AU - Kocha, Shyam AU - Pivovar, Bryan Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Nickel KW - Oxidation KW - Toughness KW - Platinum KW - nanotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627965796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Oxidation+of+Platinum+Nickel+Nanowires+to+Limit+Displacement+and+Improve+the+Durability+Characteristics+of+Oxygen-Reducing+Electrocatalysts&rft.au=Alia%2C+Shaun%3BPylypenko%2C+Svitlana%3BDameron%2C+Arrelaine%3BNeyerlin%2C+K%3BKocha%2C+Shyam%3BPivovar%2C+Bryan&rft.aulast=Alia&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Catalytic Dimerization of Biomass-Derived Olefins T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627965712; 6309826 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Behl, Mayank Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Chemical engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627965712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Reaction+Conditions+on+the+Catalytic+Dimerization+of+Biomass-Derived+Olefins&rft.au=Behl%2C+Mayank&rft.aulast=Behl&rft.aufirst=Mayank&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Life-Cycle Assessment of Diesel Fuel and Reformulated Gasoline Blendstock Production from Natural Gas and Biomass to Liquids Conversion Processes T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627965678; 6309169 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Tan, Eric AU - Zhang, Yimin AU - Schuetzle, Dennis AU - Caldwell, Matthew Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Gasoline KW - Fuels KW - Life cycle KW - Biomass KW - Diesel engines KW - Natural gas UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627965678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Life-Cycle+Assessment+of+Diesel+Fuel+and+Reformulated+Gasoline+Blendstock+Production+from+Natural+Gas+and+Biomass+to+Liquids+Conversion+Processes&rft.au=Tan%2C+Eric%3BZhang%2C+Yimin%3BSchuetzle%2C+Dennis%3BCaldwell%2C+Matthew&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Pyrolysis of Woody Residues: Impact of Mineral Content T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627965228; 6310441 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Iisa, Kristiina AU - Zacher, Alan AU - Sykes, Robert AU - Preto, Fernando AU - Bronson, Benjamin Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Pyrolysis KW - Residues KW - Minerals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627965228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Pyrolysis+of+Woody+Residues%3A+Impact+of+Mineral+Content&rft.au=Iisa%2C+Kristiina%3BZacher%2C+Alan%3BSykes%2C+Robert%3BPreto%2C+Fernando%3BBronson%2C+Benjamin&rft.aulast=Iisa&rft.aufirst=Kristiina&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Role of Species, Pretreatment, and Lipid Extraction Conditions in Hydrodeoxygenation and Hydroisomerization of Algae Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627964534; 6310115 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Kruger, Jacob AU - Christensen, Earl AU - McCormick, Robert AU - Pienkos, Philip Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Oil KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Fuels KW - Lipids KW - Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627964534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Role+of+Species%2C+Pretreatment%2C+and+Lipid+Extraction+Conditions+in+Hydrodeoxygenation+and+Hydroisomerization+of+Algae+Oils+to+Hydrocarbon+Fuels&rft.au=Kruger%2C+Jacob%3BChristensen%2C+Earl%3BMcCormick%2C+Robert%3BPienkos%2C+Philip&rft.aulast=Kruger&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Lead Chalcogenide Quantum Dot Arrarys for Next Generation Photovoltaics T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627964479; 6309647 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Luther, Joseph Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Photovoltaics KW - Lead UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627964479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Lead+Chalcogenide+Quantum+Dot+Arrarys+for+Next+Generation+Photovoltaics&rft.au=Luther%2C+Joseph&rft.aulast=Luther&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - CdTe Nanocrystals in Ink-Based Photovoltaics: A Study of Grain Growth and Device Architecture T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627964126; 6309650 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Crisp, Ryan AU - Panthani, Matthew AU - Talapin, Dmitri AU - Luther, Joseph Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Photovoltaics KW - Growth KW - Grain KW - Crystals KW - Grains UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627964126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=CdTe+Nanocrystals+in+Ink-Based+Photovoltaics%3A+A+Study+of+Grain+Growth+and+Device+Architecture&rft.au=Crisp%2C+Ryan%3BPanthani%2C+Matthew%3BTalapin%2C+Dmitri%3BLuther%2C+Joseph&rft.aulast=Crisp&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Impacts of Regional Natural Gas Prices on the Deployment of Renewable Energy Systems T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627963806; 6310830 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Cole, Wesley AU - Sullivan, Patrick AU - Davidson, Carolyn Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Resource management KW - Renewable energy KW - Conservation KW - Environment management KW - Natural gas UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627963806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=The+Impacts+of+Regional+Natural+Gas+Prices+on+the+Deployment+of+Renewable+Energy+Systems&rft.au=Cole%2C+Wesley%3BSullivan%2C+Patrick%3BDavidson%2C+Carolyn&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Wesley&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Techno-Economic Analysis for Upgrading Butanol to Hydrocarbon Fuel T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627963745; 6309419 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Tao, Ling AU - Markham, Jennifer Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Fuels KW - butanol UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627963745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Techno-Economic+Analysis+for+Upgrading+Butanol+to+Hydrocarbon+Fuel&rft.au=Tao%2C+Ling%3BMarkham%2C+Jennifer&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=Ling&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - How the Walls Come Crumbling Down: Elucidating Mechanisms of Cellulose-Active Enzymes Using Molecular Simulation T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627963717; 6310750 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Beckham, Gregg Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Enzymes KW - Simulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627963717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=How+the+Walls+Come+Crumbling+Down%3A+Elucidating+Mechanisms+of+Cellulose-Active+Enzymes+Using+Molecular+Simulation&rft.au=Beckham%2C+Gregg&rft.aulast=Beckham&rft.aufirst=Gregg&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Parametric Gasification Study Comparing Traditional and Blended Feedstocks at Varying Conditions T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627962663; 6311221 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Jablonski, Whitney Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Gasification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627962663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Parametric+Gasification+Study+Comparing+Traditional+and+Blended+Feedstocks+at+Varying+Conditions&rft.au=Jablonski%2C+Whitney&rft.aulast=Jablonski&rft.aufirst=Whitney&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - 2013 NREL Design Report: Biochemical Conversion of Biomass-to-Hydrocarbons, Process Design and Economics T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627961874; 6309420 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Davis, Ryan AU - Tao, Ling AU - Tan, Eric AU - Biddy, Mary AU - Scarlata, Chris Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Biochemistry KW - Economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627961874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=2013+NREL+Design+Report%3A+Biochemical+Conversion+of+Biomass-to-Hydrocarbons%2C+Process+Design+and+Economics&rft.au=Davis%2C+Ryan%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BTan%2C+Eric%3BBiddy%2C+Mary%3BScarlata%2C+Chris&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Techno-Economic Analysis of a Perspective Bioethylene Production Process from Photosynthetically-Fixed CO2 in Recombinant Cyanobacteria T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627959736; 6310118 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Markham, Jennifer AU - Tao, Ling AU - Davis, Ryan AU - Yu, Jianping Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Recombinants KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Carbon dioxide UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627959736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Techno-Economic+Analysis+of+a+Perspective+Bioethylene+Production+Process+from+Photosynthetically-Fixed+CO2+in+Recombinant+Cyanobacteria&rft.au=Markham%2C+Jennifer%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BDavis%2C+Ryan%3BYu%2C+Jianping&rft.aulast=Markham&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Flow Characterization of Biomass Solids T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627959446; 6307826 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Crawford, Nathan AU - Sievers, David AU - Stickel, Jonathan Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Biomass UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627959446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Flow+Characterization+of+Biomass+Solids&rft.au=Crawford%2C+Nathan%3BSievers%2C+David%3BStickel%2C+Jonathan&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Flocculation Assisted Clarification of Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Corn Stover Slurries T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627959220; 6308152 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Stickel, Jonathan AU - Lischeske, James AU - Sievers, David AU - Crawford, Nathan Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Slurries KW - Corn KW - Flocculation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627959220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Flocculation+Assisted+Clarification+of+Enzymatically+Hydrolyzed+Corn+Stover+Slurries&rft.au=Stickel%2C+Jonathan%3BLischeske%2C+James%3BSievers%2C+David%3BCrawford%2C+Nathan&rft.aulast=Stickel&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Layered Double-Hydroxide Catalysts for Lignin Depolymerization T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627958190; 6308192 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Kruger, Jacob AU - Cleveland, Nicholas AU - Biddy, Mary AU - Beckham, Gregg Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Depolymerization KW - Lignin KW - Catalysts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627958190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Layered+Double-Hydroxide+Catalysts+for+Lignin+Depolymerization&rft.au=Kruger%2C+Jacob%3BCleveland%2C+Nicholas%3BBiddy%2C+Mary%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg&rft.aulast=Kruger&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature dependent band-gap energy for Cu sub(2)ZnSnSe sub(4): A spectroscopic ellipsometric study AN - 1786167520; PQ0002462861 AB - Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is used to study the dependence of the band-gap energy for Cu sub(2)ZnSnSe sub(4) (CZTSe) on temperature ranging from 50 to 350 K. A CZTSe thin film prepared by the pseudo-bulk approach allows direct observation of the fundamental band-gap E sub(0)(A,B) in the SE data without need for multi-layer modeling. We obtain accurate energy values for E sub(0)(A,B) and its spin-orbit splitting component E sub(0)(C) from standard lineshape analysis of the second-energy-derivative spectra. The E sub(0)(A,B) and E sub(0)(C) energies for CZTSe decrease with increasing temperature, as for many semiconductors, but their temperature dependencies are relatively weak. Our experimental observation can be explained in terms of relatively small change in bond-length and strong p-d states coupling at the valence band maximum. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Choi, S G AU - Kim, T J AU - Hwang, S Y AU - Li, J AU - Persson, C AU - Kim, Y D AU - Wei, S-H AU - Repins, I L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA sukgeun.choi@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/11// PY - 2014 DA - November 2014 SP - 375 EP - 379 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 130 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cell |a MeSH KW - Spectroscopic ellipsometry |a MeSH KW - Band-gap energy |a MeSH KW - Spectroscopic analysis KW - Semiconductors KW - Multilayers KW - Standards KW - Ellipsometry KW - Spectroscopy KW - Thin films KW - Band spectra UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1786167520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Temperature+dependent+band-gap+energy+for+Cu+sub%282%29ZnSnSe+sub%284%29%3A+A+spectroscopic+ellipsometric+study&rft.au=Choi%2C+S+G%3BKim%2C+T+J%3BHwang%2C+S+Y%3BLi%2C+J%3BPersson%2C+C%3BKim%2C+Y+D%3BWei%2C+S-H%3BRepins%2C+I+L&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2014.07.039 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-03 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.07.039 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Upgrading biomass pyrolysis vapors over beta -zeolites: role of silica-to-alumina ratio AN - 1635026071; 21049408 AB - The conversion of biomass primary pyrolysis vapors over several beta -zeolites with silica-to-alumina ratios (SAR) varying from 21 to 250 was carried out in a flow microreactor to investigate the effect of number of acid sites on product speciation and deactivation of the catalyst. Experiments were conducted using a horizontal fixed bed semi-batch reactor in which up to 40 discrete 50 mg boats of biomass were pyrolyzed and the vapors upgraded over 0.5 g of the catalyst. Products were measured with a molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS). These studies were complemented using a tandem micropyrolyzer connected to a GCMS (py-GCMS) for speciation and quantifying the products. In the py-GCMS experiments, several 0.5 mg loads of pine were pyrolyzed sequentially and the vapors upgraded over 4 mg of catalyst. In all of these experiments, real-time measurements of the products formed were conducted as the catalyst aged and deactivated during upgrading. The results from these experiments showed that: (1) fresh catalyst for beta -zeolites with lower SAR (more acid sites) produced primarily aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins with no detectable oxygen-containing species; (2) a suite of oxygenated products was observed from fresh catalysts with high SAR (few acid sites), indicating that 0.5 g of these catalyst materials did not have sufficient acid sites to deoxygenate vapors produced from pyrolysis of 50 mg of pine. This suite of oxygen containing products consisted of furans, phenol and cresols. The amount of coke deposited on each catalyst and the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons increased with the number of acid sites. However, while the catalysts were active, the biomass selectivity towards coke and hydrocarbons remained essentially constant on the catalysts of varying SAR. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Mukarakate, Calvin AU - Watson, Michael J AU - ten Dam, Jeroen AU - Baucherel, Xavier AU - Budhi, Sridhar AU - Yung, Matthew M AU - Ben, Haoxi AU - Iisa, Kristiina AU - Baldwin, Robert M AU - Nimlos, Mark R AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401-3393; USA; , calvin.mukarakate@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/11// PY - 2014 DA - November 2014 SP - 4891 EP - 4905 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 16 IS - 12 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Pyrolysis KW - Oxygen KW - Vapors KW - Boats KW - Green development KW - Coke KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Catalysts KW - Biomass KW - Furans KW - Phenols KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1635026071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Upgrading+biomass+pyrolysis+vapors+over+beta+-zeolites%3A+role+of+silica-to-alumina+ratio&rft.au=Mukarakate%2C+Calvin%3BWatson%2C+Michael+J%3Bten+Dam%2C+Jeroen%3BBaucherel%2C+Xavier%3BBudhi%2C+Sridhar%3BYung%2C+Matthew+M%3BBen%2C+Haoxi%3BIisa%2C+Kristiina%3BBaldwin%2C+Robert+M%3BNimlos%2C+Mark+R&rft.aulast=Mukarakate&rft.aufirst=Calvin&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc4gc01425a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pyrolysis; Oxygen; Boats; Vapors; Green development; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Coke; Catalysts; Furans; Biomass; Phenols DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01425a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comprehensive measure of the energy resource: Wind power potential (WPP) AN - 1762366621; PQ0002461276 AB - Currently, the quality of available wind energy at a site is assessed using wind power density (WPD). This paper proposes to use a more comprehensive metric: the wind power potential (WPP). The WPP investigates the effect of wind velocity distribution on the optimal net power generation of a farm. A joint distribution of wind speed and direction is used to characterize the stochastic variation of wind conditions. Two joint distribution methods are adopted in this paper: bivariate normal distribution and anisotropic lognormal method. The net power generation for a particular farmland size and installed capacity is maximized for different distributions of wind speed and wind direction, using the Unrestricted Wind Farm Layout Optimization (UWFLO) framework. The results illustrate the variation of wind conditions and, subsequently, its influence on the quality of wind resources. A comparison of four sites in North Dakota shows that WPD and WPP follow different trends, and the ranking of candidate sites in terms of a realistic resource potential measure is not captured by WPD. JF - Energy Conversion & Management AU - Zhang, Jie AU - Chowdhury, Souma AU - Messac, Achille AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA, jie.zhang@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/10// PY - 2014 DA - October 2014 SP - 388 EP - 398 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 86 SN - 0196-8904, 0196-8904 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Anisotropic lognormal distribution |a MeSH KW - Farm siting |a MeSH KW - Layout optimization |a MeSH KW - Response surface |a MeSH KW - Wind power density |a MeSH KW - Wind resource assessment |a MeSH KW - Agricultural land KW - Farms KW - Wind energy KW - USA, North Dakota KW - Energy KW - Electric power generation KW - Velocity KW - Wind KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1762366621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Conversion+%26+Management&rft.atitle=A+comprehensive+measure+of+the+energy+resource%3A+Wind+power+potential+%28WPP%29&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jie%3BChowdhury%2C+Souma%3BMessac%2C+Achille&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jie&rft.date=2014-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=&rft.spage=388&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Conversion+%26+Management&rft.issn=01968904&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enconman.2014.04.083 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural land; Farms; Wind energy; Electric power generation; Energy; Velocity; Wind; USA, North Dakota DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.04.083 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The opportunities and challenges of sustainable shale gas development AN - 1629938430; 2014-099800 JF - Elements AU - Zoback, Mark D AU - Arent, Douglas J Y1 - 2014/08// PY - 2014 DA - August 2014 SP - 251 EP - 253 PB - Mineralogical Society of America and Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland and Mineralogical Association of Canada and Geochemical Society and Clay Minerals Society VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1811-5209, 1811-5209 KW - resources KW - horizontal drilling KW - shale gas KW - waste water KW - natural gas KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - petroleum KW - production KW - seepage KW - environmental effects KW - climate change KW - ground water KW - carbon dioxide KW - seismicity KW - energy sources KW - directional drilling KW - drilling KW - industry KW - water use KW - hydraulic fracturing KW - methane KW - pollution KW - alkanes KW - organic compounds KW - sustainable development KW - hydrocarbons KW - risk assessment KW - economics KW - greenhouse gases KW - waste disposal KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1629938430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Elements&rft.atitle=The+opportunities+and+challenges+of+sustainable+shale+gas+development&rft.au=Zoback%2C+Mark+D%3BArent%2C+Douglas+J&rft.aulast=Zoback&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Elements&rft.issn=18115209&rft_id=info:doi/10.2113%2Fgselements.10.4.251 L2 - http://www.elementsmagazine.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - A longer version of this perspective originally appeared in the Spring 2014 edition of The Bridge, published by the National Academy of Engineering N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; carbon dioxide; climate change; directional drilling; drilling; economics; energy sources; environmental effects; greenhouse gases; ground water; horizontal drilling; hydraulic fracturing; hydrocarbons; industry; methane; natural gas; organic compounds; petroleum; pollution; production; resources; risk assessment; seepage; seismicity; shale gas; sustainable development; waste disposal; waste water; water use DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gselements.10.4.251 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oscillation damping: A comparison of wind and photovoltaic power plant capabilities AN - 1770297309; PQ0001211855 AB - This paper investigates the potential for wind power plants (WPPs) and photovoltaic power plants (PVPs) to damp inter-area oscillations. Inter-area oscillations may be the result of a single or a group of generators oscillating against another group of generators across a weak transmission link. If poorly damped, these power system oscillations can cause system instability and potentially lead to blackouts. Power conversion devices, particularly megawatt-scale converters that connect wind turbines and photovoltaic power plants to the grid, could be used to damp these oscillations by injecting power into the system out of phase with the potentially unstable mode. Over time, the net energy injection is near zero; therefore, providing this "static damping" capability is not expected to affect annual energy production. However, WPPs and PVPs have different capabilities due to the inherent physical nature of these plants. WPPs have some energy stored in the rotating masses of the turbines, while PVPs have no such stored energy. Thus the challenge of providing oscillation damping services will have to be approached differently for WPPs and PVPPs. In this work strategies for providing oscillation damping services from WPPs and PVPs are compared and contrasted. Kundur's well-known two-area, four-generator system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC. The WPP and PVP models are based on the Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC) standard models. Controllers to damp inter-area oscillations are developed and added to the WECC WPP and PVP models, and their effects are studied. Analysis is performed on the data generated by the simulations. JF - IEEE Conferences AU - Singh, M AU - Allen, A AU - Muljadi, E AU - Gevorgian, V AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA Y1 - 2014/07// PY - 2014 DA - July 2014 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Generators KW - Dampness KW - Oscillations KW - Solar cells KW - Electric power generation KW - Electric power plants KW - Photovoltaic cells KW - Damping UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1770297309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Conferences&rft.atitle=Oscillation+damping%3A+A+comparison+of+wind+and+photovoltaic+power+plant+capabilities&rft.au=Singh%2C+M%3BAllen%2C+A%3BMuljadi%2C+E%3BGevorgian%2C+V&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Conferences&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FPEMWA.2014.6912216 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PEMWA.2014.6912216 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling photovoltaic diffusion: an analysis of geospatial datasets AN - 1709170048; PQ0001859774 AB - This study combines address-level residential photovoltaic (PV) adoption trends in California with several types of geospatial information-population demographics, housing characteristics, foreclosure rates, solar irradiance, vehicle ownership preferences, and others-to identify which subsets of geospatial information are the best predictors of historical PV adoption. Number of rooms, heating source and house age were key variables that had not been previously explored in the literature, but are consistent with the expected profile of a PV adopter. The strong relationship provided by foreclosure indicators and mortgage status have less of an intuitive connection to PV adoption, but may be highly correlated with characteristics inherent in PV adopters. Next, we explore how these predictive factors and model performance varies between different Investor Owned Utility (IOU) regions in California, and at different spatial scales. Results suggest that models trained with small subsets of geospatial information (five to eight variables) may provide similar explanatory power as models using hundreds of geospatial variables. Further, the predictive performance of models generally decreases at higher resolution, i.e., below ZIP code level since several geospatial variables with coarse native resolution become less useful for representing high resolution variations in PV adoption trends. However, for California we find that model performance improves if parameters are trained at the regional IOU level rather than the state-wide level. We also find that models trained within one IOU region are generally representative for other IOU regions in CA, suggesting that a model trained with data from one state may be applicable in another state. JF - Environmental Research Letters AU - Davidson, Carolyn AU - Drury, Easan AU - Lopez, Anthony AU - Elmore, Ryan AU - Margolis, Robert AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, CO 80401, USA, carolyn.davidson@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/07// PY - 2014 DA - July 2014 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - IOP Publishing, The Public Ledger Building, Suite 929 Philadelphia PA 19106 United States VL - 9 IS - 7 SN - 1748-9326, 1748-9326 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - solar photovoltaic KW - technology diffusion KW - distributed generation KW - Historical account KW - Age KW - Housing KW - Spatial distribution KW - Loans KW - Demography KW - Investors KW - INE, USA, California KW - Solar cells KW - Residential areas KW - Diffusion KW - Ethnic groups KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1709170048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Modeling+photovoltaic+diffusion%3A+an+analysis+of+geospatial+datasets&rft.au=Davidson%2C+Carolyn%3BDrury%2C+Easan%3BLopez%2C+Anthony%3BElmore%2C+Ryan%3BMargolis%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.issn=17489326&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F9%2F7%2F074009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Demography; Historical account; Age; Investors; Spatial distribution; Housing; Loans; Solar cells; Residential areas; Diffusion; Ethnic groups; INE, USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/7/074009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct production of gasoline and diesel fuels from biomass via integrated hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion process-A techno-economic analysis AN - 1664212229; PQ0001233383 AB - A techno-economic analysis (TEA) is performed to investigate the production of gasoline and diesel range hydrocarbon fuels by conversion of woody biomass via Gas Technology Institute (GTI)'s integrated hydropyrolysis plus hydroconversion (IH super(2)) process. The processing capacity is 2000 dry metric tonnes (2205 dry US tons) of woody biomass per day. Major process areas include catalytic hydropyrolysis, catalytic hydroconversion, on-site hydrogen production, feedstock handling and storage, hydrocarbon absorber, sour water stripper, hydrogen sulfide scrubber, distillation tower, and all other operations support utilities. The TEA incorporates applicable commercial technologies, process modeling using Aspen HYSYS software, equipment cost estimation, and discounted cash flow analysis. The resulting minimum fuel selling price is $1.64 per gallon (or $1.68 per gallon of gasoline equivalent) in 2007 US dollars. The process yields 79 gallons of liquid fuels per dry US ton of woody biomass feedstock, for an annual fuel production rate of 61 million gallons at 96% on-stream time. The estimated total capital investment for an nth-plant is $264 million. A sensitivity analysis captures uncertainties in costs and plant performance. Results from this TEA can serve as the baseline for future comparison and as a basis for comparing this process to other biomass-to-liquid fuel pathways. copyright 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 609-617, 2014 JF - Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy AU - Tan, Eric CD AU - Marker, Terry L AU - Roberts, Michael J AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401. Y1 - 2014/07// PY - 2014 DA - July 2014 SP - 609 EP - 617 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 1944-7442, 1944-7442 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Gasoline KW - Fuels KW - Handling KW - Hydrogen sulphide KW - Air pollution control KW - Hydrogen KW - Costs KW - Sensitivity Analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Yield KW - Tea KW - Scrubbers KW - Pollution control equipment KW - Fuel KW - Investments KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Capital KW - Hydrogen sulfide KW - Biomass KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Energy KW - Distillation KW - Capacity KW - Environment management KW - Technology KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1664212229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.atitle=Direct+production+of+gasoline+and+diesel+fuels+from+biomass+via+integrated+hydropyrolysis+and+hydroconversion+process-A+techno-economic+analysis&rft.au=Tan%2C+Eric+CD%3BMarker%2C+Terry+L%3BRoberts%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.issn=19447442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fep.11791 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Investments; Hydrogen sulphide; Handling; Fuels; Biomass; Environment management; Gasoline; Air pollution control; Hydrogen; Hydrogen sulfide; Computer programs; Sensitivity analysis; Tea; Distillation; Energy; Scrubbers; Pollution control equipment; Technology; Sensitivity Analysis; Costs; Yield; Hydrocarbons; Capital; Capacity; Fuel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.11791 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of range anxiety and home, workplace, and public charging infrastructure on simulated battery electric vehicle lifetime utility AN - 1554954655; 20217958 AB - Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) offer the potential to reduce both oil imports and greenhouse gas emissions, but have a limited utility due to factors including driver range anxiety and access to charging infrastructure. In this paper we apply NREL's Battery Lifetime Analysis and Simulation Tool for Vehicles (BLAST-V) to examine the sensitivity of BEV utility to range anxiety and different charging infrastructure scenarios, including variable time schedules, power levels, and locations (home, work, and public installations). We find that the effects of range anxiety can be significant, but are reduced with access to additional charging infrastructure. We also find that (1) increasing home charging power above that provided by a common 15 A, 120 V circuit offers little added utility, (2) workplace charging offers significant utility benefits to select high mileage commuters, and (3) broadly available public charging can bring many lower mileage drivers to near-100% utility while strongly increasing the achieved miles of high mileage drivers. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Neubauer, Jeremy AU - Wood, Eric AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA, Jeremy.neubauer@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/07/01/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Jul 01 SP - 12 EP - 20 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 257 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Battery Lifetime Analysis and Simulation KW - Tool for Vehicles KW - Range anxiety KW - Electric vehicle KW - Workplace charging KW - Public charging KW - Fast charging KW - Infrastructure KW - Oil KW - Sensitivity KW - Batteries KW - Emissions KW - Imports KW - Simulation KW - Greenhouse gases KW - ENA 20:Weather Modification & Geophysical Change UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1554954655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+range+anxiety+and+home%2C+workplace%2C+and+public+charging+infrastructure+on+simulated+battery+electric+vehicle+lifetime+utility&rft.au=Neubauer%2C+Jeremy%3BWood%2C+Eric&rft.aulast=Neubauer&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft.volume=257&rft.issue=&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2014.01.075 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Infrastructure; Sensitivity; Batteries; Imports; Emissions; Simulation; Greenhouse gases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.075 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diesel and biodiesel exhaust particle effects on rat alveolar macrophages with in vitro exposure. AN - 1509409401; 24268344 AB - Combustion emissions from diesel engines emit particulate matter which deposits within the lungs. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) encounter the particles and attempt to engulf the particles. Emissions particles from diesel combustion engines have been found to contain diverse biologically active components including metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons which cause adverse health effects. However little is known about AM response to particles from the incorporation of biodiesel. The objective of this study was to examine the toxicity in Wistar Kyoto rat AM of biodiesel blend (B20) and low sulfur petroleum diesel (PDEP) exhaust particles. Particles were independently suspended in media at a range of 1-500μgmL(-1). Results indicated B20 and PDEP initiated a dose dependent increase of inflammatory signals from AM after exposure. After 24h exposure to B20 and PDEP gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) increased. B20 exposure resulted in elevated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release at lower particle concentrations compared to PDEP. B20 and PDEP demonstrated similar affinity for sequestration of PGE2 at high concentrations, suggesting detection is not impaired. Our data suggests PGE2 release from AM is dependent on the chemical composition of the particles. Particle analysis including measurements of metals and ions indicate B20 contains more of select metals than PDEP. Other particle components generally reduced by 20% with 20% incorporation of biodiesel into original diesel. This study shows AM exposure to B20 results in increased production of PGE2in vitro relative to diesel. JF - Chemosphere AU - Bhavaraju, Laya AU - Shannahan, Jonathan AU - William, Aaron AU - McCormick, Robert AU - McGee, John AU - Kodavanti, Urmila AU - Madden, Michael AD - Currciculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States. ; School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States. ; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States. ; EPHD, NHEERL, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States. ; EPHD, NHEERL, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States. Electronic address: madden.michael@epa.gov. Y1 - 2014/06// PY - 2014 DA - June 2014 SP - 126 EP - 133 VL - 104 KW - Biofuels KW - 0 KW - Particulate Matter KW - Petroleum KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Dinoprostone KW - K7Q1JQR04M KW - Index Medicus KW - Alveolar macrophages KW - Diesel exhaust KW - Prostaglandin E(2) KW - Biodiesel exhaust KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Dinoprostone -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Petroleum -- toxicity KW - Particulate Matter -- toxicity KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Vehicle Emissions -- toxicity KW - Petroleum -- analysis KW - Biofuels -- analysis KW - Biofuels -- toxicity KW - Particulate Matter -- analysis KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1509409401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Diesel+and+biodiesel+exhaust+particle+effects+on+rat+alveolar+macrophages+with+in+vitro+exposure.&rft.au=Bhavaraju%2C+Laya%3BShannahan%2C+Jonathan%3BWilliam%2C+Aaron%3BMcCormick%2C+Robert%3BMcGee%2C+John%3BKodavanti%2C+Urmila%3BMadden%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Bhavaraju&rft.aufirst=Laya&rft.date=2014-06-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=1879-1298&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2013.10.080 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2014-09-25 N1 - Date created - 2014-03-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Apr;111(4):455-60 [12676598] Exp Lung Res. 2003 Jan-Feb;29(1):29-44 [12652814] Inhal Toxicol. 2004 Mar;16(3):147-53 [15204776] Scan Electron Microsc. 1980;(3):327-38 [6158086] Exp Lung Res. 1997 May-Jun;23(3):269-84 [9184793] Occup Environ Med. 1999 Aug;56(8):527-34 [10492649] Inhal Toxicol. 2005 Dec 15;17(14):871-7 [16282164] Toxicol In Vitro. 2006 Aug;20(5):614-24 [16360300] Inhal Toxicol. 2007 Sep;19(12):1033-9 [17917919] Toxicol Lett. 2008 Feb 15;176(3):178-87 [18187276] Biotechniques. 2008 May;44(6):799-805 [18476833] Inhal Toxicol. 2009 Aug;21(9):731-8 [19242849] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Nov 15;241(1):71-80 [19679144] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2010;73(10):641-56 [20391109] Toxicol Sci. 2010 Jul;116(1):67-78 [20385657] Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Nov 1;44(21):8343-9 [20886845] Inhal Toxicol. 2010 Dec;22 Suppl 2:48-58 [21029031] Inhal Toxicol. 2010 Dec;22 Suppl 2:59-69 [21029033] Inhal Toxicol. 2010 Dec;22 Suppl 2:37-47 [21142797] Inhal Toxicol. 2011 Jul;23(8):449-58 [21689006] Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Oct 1;45(19):8545-51 [21842833] Chemosphere. 2013 Jan;90(3):1005-15 [22925425] Part Fibre Toxicol. 2012;9:37 [23021308] J Hazard Mater. 2010 Jul 15;179(1-3):237-43 [20307928] N Engl J Med. 2000 Dec 14;343(24):1742-9 [11114312] FASEB J. 2001 Dec;15(14):2556-64 [11726530] Chem Res Toxicol. 2002 Apr;15(4):483-9 [11952333] Toxicol In Vitro. 2002 Jun;16(3):209-18 [12020593] J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 18;277(42):39259-65 [12163478] Inhal Toxicol. 2002 Oct;14(10):1017-48 [12396409] Inhal Toxicol. 2002 Oct;14(10):1069-86 [12396411] J Leukoc Biol. 2004 May;75(5):856-64 [14966191] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.080 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detecting and localizing failure points in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using IR thermography AN - 1540232354; 20029899 AB - An understanding of the potentially serious long-term performance degradation effects that coating and/or other fabrication irregularities might have in mass produced proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is essential to determine manufacturing tolerances of fuel cell components. An experimental setup and methodology is described that employs accelerated stress tests (ASTs) and IR thermography to accurately determine the location and severity of developing failure points in PEMFCs. The method entails a novel hardware that allows the spatial observation of a hydrogen crossover experiment within a fuel cell hardware. The application of the method is demonstrated by comparing the effects of an AST on pristine as well as defect-containing MEAs. The presented method is shown to be valuable for determining the areas within a fuel cell that are most stressed by aging processes. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Bender, Guido AU - Felt, Wyatt AU - Ulsh, Michael AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA, guido.bender@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/05/01/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 May 01 SP - 224 EP - 229 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 253 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Fuel cell KW - PEMFC KW - Durability KW - Thermography KW - Failure KW - Accelerated stress test KW - Fuel technology KW - Membranes KW - Degradation KW - Aging KW - Stress KW - Hydrogen KW - Coatings KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1540232354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Detecting+and+localizing+failure+points+in+proton+exchange+membrane+fuel+cells+using+IR+thermography&rft.au=Bender%2C+Guido%3BFelt%2C+Wyatt%3BUlsh%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Bender&rft.aufirst=Guido&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft.volume=253&rft.issue=&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2013.12.045 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fuel technology; Membranes; Degradation; Aging; Stress; Hydrogen; Coatings DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.045 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative techno-economic analysis and reviews of n-butanol production from corn grain and corn stover AN - 1529949621; 19804480 AB - This work presents a detailed review and comparative analysis of the process design and economics of n-butanol production using corn grain and corn stover. This includes reviewing the most recent n-butanol technologies; demonstrating the impact of key parameters (e.g. plant capacity, raw material pricing, yield) on the overall n-butanol process economics; and comparing how cellulosic biomass conversion technologies and challenges differ from traditional sugar-based n-butanol conversion technology. A major challenge of n-butanol production is the low n-butanol yield (compared to ethanol), resulting in higher production costs. However, recent research efforts have achieved significant yield improvements using a combination of genetic engineering, fermentation techniques, and integrated process development using continuous fermentation with online stripping to remove n-butanol during fermentation. This study presents the advances in n-butanol research for both sugar-based (corn) and cellulosic (corn stover) feedstocks, and also provides a comparison of overall process technologies and process economics. In addition, the results of a sensitivity analysis comparing various technologies, sugar yields, and coproduct distributions are discussed in order to provide research guidance. copyright 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Tao, Ling AU - He, Xin AU - Tan, Eric CD AU - Zhang, Min AU - Aden, Andy AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2014/05// PY - 2014 DA - May 2014 SP - 342 EP - 361 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - techno-economic analysis KW - n-butanol KW - biofuel KW - lignocellulosic feedstocks KW - integrated process KW - hybrid reaction separation KW - continuous fermentation KW - Sugar KW - Fermentation KW - Genetic engineering KW - Economics KW - Grain KW - Refining KW - Biomass KW - Biofuels KW - Internet KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1529949621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Comparative+techno-economic+analysis+and+reviews+of+n-butanol+production+from+corn+grain+and+corn+stover&rft.au=Tao%2C+Ling%3BHe%2C+Xin%3BTan%2C+Eric+CD%3BZhang%2C+Min%3BAden%2C+Andy&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=Ling&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1462 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Fermentation; Genetic engineering; Economics; Grain; Refining; Biomass; Internet; Biofuels; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1462 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photovoltaic module calibration value versus optical air mass: the air mass function AN - 1524396195; 19654871 AB - So-called "air mass functions" of photovoltaic modules are used to approximate the effects of spectral responsivity and to correct short-circuit current to or from a reference condition. These empirical functions are determined from outdoor measurements with test modules mounted on two-axis solar trackers and then calculated from plots of normalized calibration value (short-circuit current divided by total irradiance) versus optical air mass. Because they are incorporated into a number of photovoltaic system modeling and sizing software programs, the accuracy of the functions has direct implications for system costs. We discuss the assumptions associated with these functions that are generally not considered or ignored, and study their variability with respect to atmospheric constituents. The variability study included a 6-month outdoor measurement on a crystalline-Si module and a software simulation of the same module using a solar spectral irradiance model. We conclude that air mass functions depend on the measurement location and time, and therefore are not unique to a particular device. Also, using these functions introduces two distinct errors, the magnitudes of which are unknown without knowledge of spectral irradiance conditions. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Empirical polynomial expressions of module short-circuit current over total irradiance versus absolute optical air mass are known as "air mass functions", and are used to approximate the effects of spectral responsivity in several photovoltaic system performance models. From 6 months of outdoor data and a spectral sensitivity model, this paper demonstrates that such functions are not fundamental properties of modules because they vary with time and location. Thus, these functions can actually increase error in system performance modeling. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Osterwald, C R AU - Emery, KA AU - Muller, M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2014/05// PY - 2014 DA - May 2014 SP - 560 EP - 573 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - photovoltaics KW - measurement KW - current KW - responsivity KW - spectral KW - calibration KW - performance KW - modeling KW - Air masses KW - Computer programs KW - Sensitivity KW - USA KW - Solar cells KW - Simulation KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1524396195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Photovoltaic+module+calibration+value+versus+optical+air+mass%3A+the+air+mass+function&rft.au=Osterwald%2C+C+R%3BEmery%2C+KA%3BMuller%2C+M&rft.aulast=Osterwald&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.2303 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air masses; Sensitivity; Computer programs; Solar cells; Simulation; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2303 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Renewable Electricity Futures for the United States AN - 1837307869; PQ0003757567 AB - This paper highlights the key results from the Renewable Electricity (RE) Futures Study. It is a detailed consideration of renewable electricity in the United States. The paper focuses on technical issues related to the operability of the U.S. electricity grid and provides initial answers to important questions about the integration of high penetrations of renewable electricity technologies from a national perspective. The results indicate that the future U.S. electricity system that is largely powered by renewable sources is possible and the further work is warranted to investigate this clean generation pathway. The central conclusion of the analysis is that renewable electricity generation from technologies that are commercially available today, in combination with a more flexible electric system, is more than adequate to supply 80% of the total U.S. electricity generation in 2050 while meeting electricity demand on an hourly basis in every region of the United States. JF - IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy AU - Mai, Trieu AU - Hand, MMaureen AU - Baldwin, Samuel F AU - Wiser, Ryan H AU - Brinkman, Greg L AU - Denholm, Paul AU - Arent, Doug J AU - Porro, Gian AU - Sandor, Debra AU - Hostick, Donna J AU - Milligan, Michael AU - DeMeo, Edgar A AU - Bazilian, Morgan AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA Y1 - 2014/04// PY - 2014 DA - April 2014 SP - 372 EP - 378 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., USA VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1949-3029, 1949-3029 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - USA KW - Renewable energy KW - Electricity KW - Sustainability KW - Technology KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1837307869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Sustainable+Energy&rft.atitle=Renewable+Electricity+Futures+for+the+United+States&rft.au=Mai%2C+Trieu%3BHand%2C+MMaureen%3BBaldwin%2C+Samuel+F%3BWiser%2C+Ryan+H%3BBrinkman%2C+Greg+L%3BDenholm%2C+Paul%3BArent%2C+Doug+J%3BPorro%2C+Gian%3BSandor%2C+Debra%3BHostick%2C+Donna+J%3BMilligan%2C+Michael%3BDeMeo%2C+Edgar+A%3BBazilian%2C+Morgan&rft.aulast=Mai&rft.aufirst=Trieu&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Sustainable+Energy&rft.issn=19493029&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTSTE.2013.2290472 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-11-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Renewable energy; Electricity; Sustainability; Technology; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2013.2290472 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineering plant cell walls: tuning lignin monomer composition for deconstructable biofuel feedstocks or resilient biomaterials AN - 1524413896; 19761730 AB - Advances in genetic manipulation of the biopolymers that compose plant cell walls will facilitate more efficient production of biofuels and chemicals from biomass and lead to specialized biomaterials with tailored properties. Here we investigate several genetic variants of Arabidopsis: the wild type, which makes a lignin polymer of primarily guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) monomeric units, the fah1 mutant, which makes lignin from almost exclusively G subunits, and a ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) overexpressing line (C4H:F5H) that makes lignin from S subunits. We employ multiscale, multimodal imaging techniques that reveal the biomass of the C4H:F5H transgenic to be more susceptible to deconstruction by maleic acid treatment than the other variants. Enzymatic saccharification assays of the treated materials show that C4H:F5H transgenic tissue is significantly more digestible than the wild type, while the fah1 mutant is clearly the least digestible of these materials. Finally, we show by contact resonance force microscopy, an atomic force microscopy technique, that F5H overexpression in C4H:F5H transgenic plants significantly reduces the stiffness of the cell walls in the region of the compound middle lamella relative to wild type and fah1. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Ciesielski, Peter N AU - Resch, Michael G AU - Hewetson, Barron AU - Killgore, Jason P AU - Curtin, Alexandra AU - Anderson, Nick AU - Chiaramonti, Ann N AU - Hurley, Donna C AU - Sanders, Aric AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Chapple, Clint AU - Mosier, Nathan AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AD - Biosciences Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401; USA; +1-303-384-7773; , bryon.donohoe@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/04// PY - 2014 DA - April 2014 SP - 2627 EP - 2635 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 16 IS - 5 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Fuel technology KW - Biopolymers KW - Transgenic plants KW - Mutants KW - Plant cells KW - Maleic acid KW - Arabidopsis KW - atomic force microscopy KW - Biomass KW - imaging KW - Monomers KW - Microscopy KW - Green development KW - Lignin KW - Biomaterials KW - Polymers KW - Biofuels KW - Cell walls KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1524413896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Engineering+plant+cell+walls%3A+tuning+lignin+monomer+composition+for+deconstructable+biofuel+feedstocks+or+resilient+biomaterials&rft.au=Ciesielski%2C+Peter+N%3BResch%2C+Michael+G%3BHewetson%2C+Barron%3BKillgore%2C+Jason+P%3BCurtin%2C+Alexandra%3BAnderson%2C+Nick%3BChiaramonti%2C+Ann+N%3BHurley%2C+Donna+C%3BSanders%2C+Aric%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BChapple%2C+Clint%3BMosier%2C+Nathan%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon+S&rft.aulast=Ciesielski&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc3gc42422g LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monomers; Plant cells; Maleic acid; Lignin; Biopolymers; atomic force microscopy; Biomaterials; Biomass; imaging; Transgenic plants; Biofuels; Cell walls; Chemicals; Fuel technology; Green development; Microscopy; Polymers; Mutants; Arabidopsis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3gc42422g ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of commercial ethanol production systems from Brazilian sugarcane and US corn AN - 1559668544; 19432476 AB - Global biofuels production grew rapidly from 2007 to 2012, led by the United States and Brazil, the world's two largest fuel-ethanol-producing systems. In this paper we provide insights into the characteristics of mature Brazilian sugarcane and maturing US dry mill corn ethanol industries. Both systems continue to improve as measured by life cycle data such as total renewable energy produced per unit of fossil energy consumed [renewable energy ratio (RER)]. Sugarcane self-benchmarking systems showed RER values of 7.0 in 2002 to 9.4 in 2009 as the industry started to switch to mechanized harvesting. The average US RER improved from 1.1 to 1.7 from 2000 to 2010. RERs of 4.4 to 5.5 are observed in corn ethanol plants employing natural gas or corn stover combined heat and power. Ethanol systems configured to produce ethanol and electricity had similar net energy balances (a ratio of net energy produced to energy contained in the fuel). One measure of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions (biomass use efficiency) compares the effectiveness of displacing carbon from combustion of fossil fuels with renewable carbon. Advanced corn ethanol systems reach higher GHG emission reduction levels compared to sugarcane ethanol by displacing coal-based electricity. Sugarcane systems achieve double the GHG emissions reductions per unit of harvested land relative to corn ethanol because sugarcane and corn are grown as perennial and annual crops in tropical and temperate climatic zones, respectively. Carbon dioxide capture and storage systems could offer additional GHG emission reductions for both corn and sugarcane ethanol systems. copyright 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Chum, Helena L AU - Warner, Ethan AU - Seabra, Joaquim EA AU - Macedo, Isaias C AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2014/03// PY - 2014 DA - Mar 2014 SP - 205 EP - 223 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - sugarcane KW - corn KW - ethanol KW - trade KW - life cycle assessment KW - greenhouse gas KW - Data processing KW - Fossil fuels KW - Fuels KW - Life cycle KW - Refining KW - Electricity KW - Biomass KW - Crops KW - Combustion KW - Greenhouses KW - Carbon KW - Heat KW - Fossils KW - Energy KW - Power plants KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Harvesting KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1559668544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+commercial+ethanol+production+systems+from+Brazilian+sugarcane+and+US+corn&rft.au=Chum%2C+Helena+L%3BWarner%2C+Ethan%3BSeabra%2C+Joaquim+EA%3BMacedo%2C+Isaias+C&rft.aulast=Chum&rft.aufirst=Helena&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1448 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Fossil fuels; Fuels; Life cycle; Refining; Electricity; Biomass; Crops; Greenhouses; Combustion; Carbon; Fossils; Heat; Energy; Power plants; Carbon dioxide; Biofuels; Harvesting; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1448 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding the evolution of environmental and energy performance of the US corn ethanol industry: evaluation of selected metrics AN - 1559654540; 19432475 AB - Throughout the past two decades, numerous studies characterized the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and net energy balance of corn ethanol production in the USA. A wide range of reported values resulted from differences in the vintage of the data used to evaluate the ethanol conversion technology and the agricultural practices of corn production, which evolved substantially during the rapid growth phase of the industry. Methodological differences in life cycle assessments also caused the reported values to vary widely. With corn dry mills growing from 30% of total installed ethanol production capacity in 1990 to 80-90% from 2006 to 2011, we document the evolution of this industry using vintage-specific data to analyze selected energy and environmental metrics, including GHG emissions, fossil energy use, direct land use, and GHG emissions reduction per hectare of land harvested for ethanol production. Our estimates indicate that production and use of corn ethanol emitted 44% fewer GHG emissions, consumed 54% less fossil energy and required 44% less land in 2010 compared to 1990 (on a life cycle basis). Our review and analysis point to strategies for reducing the carbon footprint of the corn dry mill industry by building on the progress already achieved. Using biomass (e.g. residues from corn production) for process heat or combined heat and power is one such strategy. Additional environmental benefits are projected from the adoption of integrated gasification combined cycle technology (using corn residues), which leads to energy-self-sufficient mills or net electricity producers depending on the power system configuration. copyright 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Chum, Helena L AU - Zhang, Yimin AU - Hill, Jason AU - Tiffany, Douglas G AU - Morey, RVance AU - Goss Eng, Alison AU - Haq, Zia AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2014/03// PY - 2014 DA - Mar 2014 SP - 224 EP - 240 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - life cycle assessment KW - sustainability indicators KW - metrics KW - corn KW - ethanol KW - energy efficiency KW - Data processing KW - Life cycle KW - Refining KW - Electricity KW - Biomass KW - Land use KW - Greenhouses KW - Agricultural practices KW - Carbon KW - Energy balance KW - Heat KW - Fossils KW - Reviews KW - Biofuels KW - Evolution KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1559654540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+evolution+of+environmental+and+energy+performance+of+the+US+corn+ethanol+industry%3A+evaluation+of+selected+metrics&rft.au=Chum%2C+Helena+L%3BZhang%2C+Yimin%3BHill%2C+Jason%3BTiffany%2C+Douglas+G%3BMorey%2C+RVance%3BGoss+Eng%2C+Alison%3BHaq%2C+Zia&rft.aulast=Chum&rft.aufirst=Helena&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1449 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Life cycle; Refining; Electricity; Biomass; Land use; Greenhouses; Agricultural practices; Carbon; Energy balance; Fossils; Heat; Reviews; Evolution; Biofuels; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1449 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Metrics Development for Evaluating the Accuracy of Solar Power Forecasting T2 - 94th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2014) AN - 1518615322; 6283096 JF - 94th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2014) AU - Zhang, Jie Y1 - 2014/02/02/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Feb 02 KW - Prediction KW - Solar energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1518615322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=94th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2014%29&rft.atitle=Metrics+Development+for+Evaluating+the+Accuracy+of+Solar+Power+Forecasting&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jie&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jie&rft.date=2014-02-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=94th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/94Annual/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-04-23 N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-24 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Advancements in Wind Integration Study Input Data Modeling: The Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit T2 - 94th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2014) AN - 1518614752; 6281663 JF - 94th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2014) AU - Orwig, Kirsten Y1 - 2014/02/02/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Feb 02 KW - Integration KW - Data processing KW - Wind data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1518614752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=94th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2014%29&rft.atitle=Advancements+in+Wind+Integration+Study+Input+Data+Modeling%3A+The+Wind+Integration+National+Dataset+%28WIND%29+Toolkit&rft.au=Orwig%2C+Kirsten&rft.aulast=Orwig&rft.aufirst=Kirsten&rft.date=2014-02-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=94th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/94Annual/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-04-23 N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-24 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Improving the Accuracy Satellite Based Solar Resource for use in NREL's National Solar Radiation Database T2 - 94th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2014) AN - 1518613411; 6281779 JF - 94th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2014) AU - Sengupta, Manajit AU - Gotseff, P AU - Habte, A AU - Molling, C AU - Heidinger, A Y1 - 2014/02/02/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Feb 02 KW - Databases KW - Remote sensing KW - Solar radiation KW - Satellites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1518613411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=94th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2014%29&rft.atitle=Improving+the+Accuracy+Satellite+Based+Solar+Resource+for+use+in+NREL%27s+National+Solar+Radiation+Database&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+Manajit%3BGotseff%2C+P%3BHabte%2C+A%3BMolling%2C+C%3BHeidinger%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Manajit&rft.date=2014-02-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=94th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/94Annual/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-04-23 N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real-time monitoring of the deactivation of HZSM-5 during upgrading of pine pyrolysis vapors AN - 1534827546; 19354154 AB - The conversion of pine pyrolysis vapors over fixed beds of HZSM-5 catalyst was studied as a function of deactivation of the catalyst, presumably by coking. Small laboratory reactors were used in this study in which the products were identified using a molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). In all of these experiments, real-time measurements of the products formed were conducted as the catalyst aged and deactivated during upgrading. The results from these experiments showed the following: (1) Fresh catalyst produces primarily aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins with no detectable oxygen-containing species. (2) After pyrolysis of roughly the same weight of biomass as weight of catalyst, oxygenated products begin to appear in the product stream. This suite of oxygen containing products appears different from the products formed when the catalyst is fresh and when the catalyst is completely deactivated. In particular, phenol and cresols are measured while upgrading pine, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis vapors, suggesting that these products are intermediates or side products formed during upgrading. (3) After the addition of more pyrolysis vapors, the product stream consists of primary vapors from pine pyrolysis. Catalyst samples collected at various points during deactivation were analyzed using a variety of tools. The results show that carbon build-up is correlated with catalyst deactivation, suggesting that deactivation is due to coking. Further, studies of nitrogen adsorption on the used catalyst suggest that coking initially occurs on the outside of the catalyst, leaving the micropores largely intact. From a practical point of view, it appears that based upon this study and others in the literature, the amount of oxygen in the upgraded products can be related to the level of deactivation of the HZSM-5 catalyst, which can be determined by how much pyrolysis vapor is run over the catalyst. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Mukarakate, Calvin AU - Zhang, Xiaodong AU - Stanton, Alexander R AU - Robichaud, David J AU - Ciesielski, Peter N AU - Malhotra, Kara AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AU - Gjersing, Erica AU - Evans, Robert J AU - Heroux, David S AU - Richards, Ryan AU - Iisa, Kristiina AU - Nimlos, Mark R AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401-3393; USA; +1-303-384-7724; , calvin.mukarakate@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/02// PY - 2014 DA - February 2014 SP - 1444 EP - 1461 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Cellulose KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Coke KW - Biomass KW - Phenols KW - Pyrolysis KW - Oxygen KW - Vapors KW - Gas chromatography KW - Green development KW - Adsorption KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Catalysts KW - Nitrogen KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1534827546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Real-time+monitoring+of+the+deactivation+of+HZSM-5+during+upgrading+of+pine+pyrolysis+vapors&rft.au=Mukarakate%2C+Calvin%3BZhang%2C+Xiaodong%3BStanton%2C+Alexander+R%3BRobichaud%2C+David+J%3BCiesielski%2C+Peter+N%3BMalhotra%2C+Kara%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon+S%3BGjersing%2C+Erica%3BEvans%2C+Robert+J%3BHeroux%2C+David+S%3BRichards%2C+Ryan%3BIisa%2C+Kristiina%3BNimlos%2C+Mark+R&rft.aulast=Mukarakate&rft.aufirst=Calvin&rft.date=2014-02-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc3gc42065e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-06-01 N1 - Number of references - 69 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cellulose; Coke; Mass spectrometry; Biomass; Phenols; Pyrolysis; Oxygen; Vapors; Gas chromatography; Green development; Adsorption; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Catalysts; Nitrogen DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3gc42065e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Saturated monoglyceride effects on low-temperature performance of biodiesel blends AN - 1534818133; 19900795 AB - The effect of saturated monoglyceride (SMG) content of four B100s on the cloud point (CP) of blends with four diesel fuels was examined. Detecting CP with a more sensitive light-scattering method allowed observation of an early (higher temperature) CP in blends containing approximately 0.01 wt.% to 0.03 wt.% SMG. Blend samples with SMG content in this range may be particularly prone to unexpected filter clogging above the measured CP. Results for a 140 blend sample matrix revealed that SMG content had a larger effect on CP than other blend properties. An increase of 0.01 wt.% SMG in a biodiesel blend increased CP by as much as 4 [degrees]C. At a constant SMG level, increasing biodiesel content lowered CP, as did increasing the diesel fuel aromatic content, by improving the solubility of SMG. This implies that lowering the SMG content of a B100 allows preparation of higher biodiesel content blends having the same or lower CP. Increasing the unsaturated monoglyceride-to-SMG ratio by blending in monoolein lowered CP, presumably because monoolein inhibits nucleation of SMG. In most blends with SMG content above 0.01 wt.%, polymorphic phase transformation of crystallized SMG (converting from the metastable [alpha]-form to the less soluble, stable [beta]-form) was observed. JF - Fuel Processing Technology AU - Chupka, G M AU - Fouts, L AU - Lennon, J A AU - Alleman, T L AU - Daniels, D A AU - McCormick, R L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway/MS 1634, Golden, CO 80401, USA, gina.chupka@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/02// PY - 2014 DA - Feb 2014 SP - 302 EP - 309 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 118 SN - 0378-3820, 0378-3820 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Biodiesel blends KW - Low-temperature KW - Cloud point KW - Saturated monoglyceride KW - Filters KW - Fuels KW - Temperature KW - Diesel engines KW - Biofuels KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1534818133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fuel+Processing+Technology&rft.atitle=Saturated+monoglyceride+effects+on+low-temperature+performance+of+biodiesel+blends&rft.au=Chupka%2C+G+M%3BFouts%2C+L%3BLennon%2C+J+A%3BAlleman%2C+T+L%3BDaniels%2C+D+A%3BMcCormick%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Chupka&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2014-02-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=&rft.spage=302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fuel+Processing+Technology&rft.issn=03783820&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fuproc.2013.10.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Fuels; Temperature; Diesel engines; Biofuels DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.10.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Results of Reservoir Modeling of the Operation and Production of a Recompleted Gas Well in a Geopressured/Geothermal Reservoir in the Wilcox Formation, Texas, for Electricity Generation AN - 1680452087; PQ0001522888 AB - Geopressured/geothermal reservoirs are found throughout the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast region, generally starting at depths below 8,000 ft, and are characterized by high-temperature/high-pressure, brine-saturated layers of interbedded shales and sandstones with correspondingly large quantities of dissolved natural gas. Reservoir modeling is a tool that can help predict fluid-flow rate and natural gas production from complex reservoirs over a long-term time frame. Multiphase-flow reservoir modeling is used in this study to provide insight on the viability of recovering hot geothermal brine for electricity production over a time frame of 30 years by use of an existing natural-gas well. Overall, the multiphase reservoir modeling results indicate that for the reservoir considered, the well can be operated so that production of hot geothermal brine can be maintained over the lifetime of a binary power plant close to the target flow rates and that the quantities of natural gas produced would be significant for the overall power-plant-project economics. JF - SPE Journal AU - Esposito, Ariel AU - Augustine, Chad AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2014///0, PY - 2014 DA - 0, 2014 PB - Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc., Box 833836 Richardson TX 75083-3836 United States VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 1086-055X, 1086-055X KW - Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Reservoir KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana KW - Sandstone KW - ASW, USA, Gulf Coast KW - Electricity KW - Natural gas KW - Flow rates KW - ASW, USA, Texas KW - Coastal zone KW - Electric power generation KW - Economics KW - Power plants KW - Reservoirs KW - Brines KW - Modelling KW - Q2 09268:Heat flow KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1680452087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SPE+Journal&rft.atitle=Results+of+Reservoir+Modeling+of+the+Operation+and+Production+of+a+Recompleted+Gas+Well+in+a+Geopressured%2FGeothermal+Reservoir+in+the+Wilcox+Formation%2C+Texas%2C+for+Electricity+Generation&rft.au=Esposito%2C+Ariel%3BAugustine%2C+Chad&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SPE+Journal&rft.issn=1086055X&rft_id=info:doi/10.2118%2F169902-PA LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reservoir; Power plants; Electricity; Natural gas; Modelling; Brines; Coastal zone; Sandstone; Electric power generation; Economics; Reservoirs; Flow rates; ASW, USA, Texas; ASW, USA, Louisiana; ASW, USA, Gulf Coast DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/169902-PA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On characterization and measurement of average solar field mirror reflectance in utility-scale concentrating solar power plants AN - 1678002505; 19979004 AB - Due to the emerging need for the development of acceptance test codes for commercial concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, an effort is made here to develop a mirror reflectance model suitable for CSP applications as well as a general procedure to measure the average mirror reflectance of a solar field. Typically, a utility-scale solar field includes hundreds of thousands of mirror panels (if not more), and their reflectance is subject to many factors, such as weather and planned washing schedule. The newly developed mirror reflectance model can be used to characterize different types of mirror materials and can be directly used to perform optical performance evaluation of solar collectors. The newly proposed procedure for average solar field reflectance measurements includes a baseline comprehensive measurement and an individual factor measurement: the former allows a comprehensive survey of mirror reflectance across the whole solar field, and the latter can provide correcting factors for selected individual factors to further improve the accuracy of the baseline measurements. A detailed test case implementing the general procedure is applied to a state-of-the-art commercial parabolic trough plant and validates the proposed mirror reflectance model and average reflectance measurement procedure. In the test case, the plant-wide reflectance measurements at a commercial utility-scale solar plant were conducted and can shed light on relevant analysis of CSP applications. The work can also be naturally applied to other types of solar plants, such as power towers and linear Fresnel plants. JF - Solar Energy AU - Zhu, Guangdong AU - Kearney, David AU - Mehos, Mark AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, United States guangdong.zhu@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/01// PY - 2014 DA - Jan 2014 SP - 185 EP - 202 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom VL - 99 SN - 0038-092X, 0038-092X KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Specular reflectance KW - Concentrating solar power KW - Parabolic trough KW - Measurement uncertainties KW - Reflectance KW - Mathematical models KW - Reflectivity KW - Solar power generation KW - Electric power generation KW - Power plants KW - State of the art KW - Panels UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1678002505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy&rft.atitle=On+characterization+and+measurement+of+average+solar+field+mirror+reflectance+in+utility-scale+concentrating+solar+power+plants&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Guangdong%3BKearney%2C+David%3BMehos%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Guangdong&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy&rft.issn=0038092X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solener.2013.11.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2013.11.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Estimate of the Near-Term Electricity-Generation Potential of Coproduced Water From Active Oil and Gas Wells AN - 1673388135; PQ0001377106 AB - This study estimates the near-term market electricity-generation potentialof water produced as a byproduct from active oil and gas operations. Ageographic information system (GIS) was developed to combine oil- and gas-welllocation, depth, and water-production information from 2.5 million wells (halfa million of which were identified as active, producing wells) withgeothermal-resource maps and to estimate the power-generation potential of thecoproduction resource. The study found that the near-term market potential forthe coproduction resource from active oil and gas wells is approximately 300 MWof electrical output (MW sub(e)), which is less than suggested in previousstudies. JF - SPE Journal AU - Augustine, Chad AU - Falkenstern, David M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2014///0, PY - 2014 DA - 0, 2014 PB - Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc., Box 833836 Richardson TX 75083-3836 United States VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1086-055X, 1086-055X KW - Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Oil and gas operations KW - Potential resources KW - Oil and gas industry KW - Byproducts KW - Water wells KW - Geographic information systems KW - Resource development KW - Information systems KW - Q2 09103:Information services KW - O 6030:Oil and Gas Resources KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673388135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SPE+Journal&rft.atitle=An+Estimate+of+the+Near-Term+Electricity-Generation+Potential+of+Coproduced+Water+From+Active+Oil+and+Gas+Wells&rft.au=Augustine%2C+Chad%3BFalkenstern%2C+David+M&rft.aulast=Augustine&rft.aufirst=Chad&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SPE+Journal&rft.issn=1086055X&rft_id=info:doi/10.2118%2F163142-PA LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Potential resources; Oil and gas industry; Byproducts; Resource development; Information systems; Oil and gas operations; Water wells; Geographic information systems DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/163142-PA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High temperature pre-digestion of corn stover biomass for improved product yields AN - 1642618690; 21181109 AB - Introduction: The efficient conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks remains a key step in the commercialization of biofuels. One of the barriers to cost-effective conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to sugars remains the enzymatic saccharification process step. Here, we describe a novel hybrid processing approach comprising enzymatic pre-digestion with newly characterized hyperthermophilic enzyme cocktails followed by conventional saccharification with commercial enzyme preparations. Dilute acid pretreated corn stover was subjected to this new procedure to test its efficacy. Thermal tolerant enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus and Caldicellulosiruptor bescii were used to pre-digest pretreated biomass at elevated temperatures prior to saccharification by the commercial cellulase formulation. Results: We report that pre-digestion of biomass with these enzymes at elevated temperatures prior to addition of the commercial cellulase formulation increased conversion rates and yields when compared to commercial cellulase formulation alone under low solids conditions. Conclusion: Our results demonstrating improvements in rates and yields of conversion point the way forward for hybrid biomass conversion schemes utilizing catalytic amounts of hyperthermophilic enzymes. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Hobdey, Sarah E AU - Taylor, Larry E AU - Tao, Ling AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Decker, Stephen R AD - Chemical Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013, Denver, West Parkway, Golden 80401, CO, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 170 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biomass KW - Pretreatment KW - Enzymatic hydrolysis KW - CelA KW - E1 KW - Caldicellulosiruptor bescii KW - Acidothermus cellulolyticus KW - Thermotoga maritima KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Hybrids KW - Enzymes KW - Caldicellulosiruptor KW - Cellulase KW - Biofuels KW - Temperature tolerance KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1642618690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=High+temperature+pre-digestion+of+corn+stover+biomass+for+improved+product+yields&rft.au=Brunecky%2C+Roman%3BHobdey%2C+Sarah+E%3BTaylor%2C+Larry+E%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R&rft.aulast=Brunecky&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs13068-014-0170-2 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/170 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Sugar; Hybrids; Enzymes; Biomass; Biofuels; Cellulase; Temperature tolerance; Caldicellulosiruptor DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13068-014-0170-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineering towards a complete heterologous cellulase secretome in Yarrowia lipolytica reveals its potential for consolidated bioprocessing AN - 1622615112; 20869813 AB - Background: Yarrowia lipolytica is an oleaginous yeast capable of metabolizing glucose to lipids, which then accumulate intracellularly. However, it lacks the suite of cellulolytic enzymes required to break down biomass cellulose and cannot therefore utilize biomass directly as a carbon source. Toward the development of a direct microbial conversion platform for the production of hydrocarbon fuels from cellulosic biomass, the potential for Y. lipolytica to function as a consolidated bioprocessing strain was investigated by first conducting a genomic search and functional testing of its endogenous glycoside hydrolases. Once the range of endogenous enzymes was determined, the critical cellulases from Trichoderma reesei were cloned into Yarrowia. Results: Initially, work to express T. reesei endoglucanase II (EGII) and cellobiohydrolase (CBH) II in Y. lipolytica resulted in the successful secretion of active enzymes. However, a critical cellulase, T. reesei CBHI, while successfully expressed in and secreted from Yarrowia, showed less than expected enzymatic activity, suggesting an incompatibility (probably at the post-translational level) for its expression in Yarrowia. This result prompted us to evaluate alternative or modified CBHI enzymes. Our subsequent expression of a T. reesei-Talaromyces emersonii (Tr-Te) chimeric CBHI, Chaetomium thermophilum CBHI, and Humicola grisea CBHI demonstrated remarkably improved enzymatic activities. Specifically, the purified chimeric Tr-Te CBHI showed a specific activity on Avicel that is comparable to that of the native T. reesei CBHI. Furthermore, the chimeric Tr-Te CBHI also showed significant synergism with EGII and CBHII in degrading cellulosic substrates, using either mixed supernatants or co-cultures of the corresponding Y. lipolytica transformants. The consortia system approach also allows rational volume mixing of the transformant cultures in accordance with the optimal ratio of cellulases required for efficient degradation of cellulosic substrates. Conclusions: Taken together, this work demonstrates the first case of successful expression of a chimeric CBHI with essentially full native activity in Y. lipolytica, and supports the notion that Y. lipolytica strains can be genetically engineered, ultimately by heterologous expression of fungal cellulases and other enzymes, to directly convert lignocellulosic substrates to biofuels. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Wei, Hui AU - Wang, Wei AU - Alahuhta, Markus AU - Vander Wall, Todd AU - Baker, John O AU - Taylor, Larry E AU - Decker, Stephen R AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Zhang, Min AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden 80401, CO, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 148 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Yarrowia lipolytica KW - Oleaginous yeast KW - Heterologous expression KW - Cellulase KW - Cellobiohydrolase I KW - Cellobiohydrolase II KW - Endoglucanase II KW - Cell consortia KW - Advanced biofuels KW - Cellulolytic enzymes KW - Endoglucanase KW - Biodegradation KW - Secretion KW - Cellulose KW - Chaetomium KW - Glucose KW - Cell culture KW - Carbon sources KW - secretome KW - glycoside hydrolase KW - Hypocrea jecorina KW - Yarrowia KW - genomics KW - Enzymatic activity KW - Humicola grisea KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Biomass KW - cellobiohydrolase KW - Post-translation KW - Genetic engineering KW - Biofuels KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1622615112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Engineering+towards+a+complete+heterologous+cellulase+secretome+in+Yarrowia+lipolytica+reveals+its+potential+for+consolidated+bioprocessing&rft.au=Wei%2C+Hui%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BAlahuhta%2C+Markus%3BVander+Wall%2C+Todd%3BBaker%2C+John+O%3BTaylor%2C+Larry+E%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BZhang%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=Hui&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs13068-014-0148-0 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/148 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endoglucanase; Cellulolytic enzymes; Biodegradation; Hydrocarbons; Secretion; Cellulose; Glucose; Cell culture; Carbon sources; Biomass; cellobiohydrolase; Cellulase; Post-translation; secretome; Genetic engineering; glycoside hydrolase; Enzymatic activity; genomics; Biofuels; Humicola grisea; Chaetomium; Hypocrea jecorina; Yarrowia; Yarrowia lipolytica DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13068-014-0148-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insights into acetate toxicity in Zymomonas mobilis 8b using different substrates AN - 1611613996; 20810969 AB - Background: Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising renewable feedstock for biofuel production. Acetate is one of the major inhibitors liberated from hemicelluloses during hydrolysis. An understanding of the toxic effects of acetate on the fermentation microorganism and the efficient utilization of mixed sugars of glucose and xylose in the presence of hydrolysate inhibitors is crucial for economic biofuel production. Results: A new microarray was designed including both coding sequences and intergenic regions to investigate the acetate stress responses of Zymomonas mobilis 8b when using single carbon sources of glucose or xylose, or mixed sugars of both glucose and xylose. With the supplementation of exogenous acetate, 8b can utilize all the glucose with a similar ethanol yield, although the growth, final biomass, and ethanol production rate were reduced. However, xylose utilization was inhibited in both media containing xylose or a mixed sugar of glucose and xylose, although the performance of 8b was better in mixed sugar than xylose-only media. The presence of acetate caused genes related to biosynthesis, the flagellar system, and glycolysis to be downregulated, and genes related to stress responses and energy metabolism to be upregulated. Unexpectedly, xylose seems to pose more stress on 8b, recruiting more genes for xylose utilization, than does acetate. Several gene candidates based on transcriptome results were selected for genetic manipulation, and a TonB-dependent receptor knockout mutant was confirmed to have a slight advantage regarding acetate tolerance. Conclusions: Our results indicate Z. mobilis utilized a different mechanism for xylose utilization, with an even more severe impact on Z. mobilis than that caused by acetate treatment. Our study also suggests redox imbalance caused by stressful conditions may trigger a metabolic reaction leading to the accumulation of toxic intermediates such as xylitol, but Z. mobilis manages its carbon and energy metabolism through the control of individual reactions to mitigate the stressful conditions. We have thus provided extensive transcriptomic datasets and gained insights into the molecular responses of Z. mobilis to the inhibitor acetate when grown in different sugar sources, which will facilitate future metabolic modeling studies and strain improvement efforts for better xylose utilization and acetate tolerance. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Yang, Shihui AU - Franden, Mary Ann AU - Brown, Steven D AU - Chou, Yat-Chen AU - Pienkos, Philip T AU - Zhang, Min AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden 80401, CO, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 140 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Xylose KW - Fermentation KW - Xylitol KW - Glucose KW - Drug tolerance KW - Carbon sources KW - DNA microarrays KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Supplementation KW - Gene expression KW - Economics KW - Hydrolysates KW - Ethanol KW - Sugar KW - Energy metabolism KW - Stress KW - Toxicity KW - Biomass KW - Acetic acid KW - Hydrolysis KW - hemicellulose KW - Energy KW - Microorganisms KW - Glycolysis KW - Biotechnology KW - Metabolism KW - Biofuels KW - Flagella KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1611613996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Insights+into+acetate+toxicity+in+Zymomonas+mobilis+8b+using+different+substrates&rft.au=Yang%2C+Shihui%3BFranden%2C+Mary+Ann%3BBrown%2C+Steven+D%3BChou%2C+Yat-Chen%3BPienkos%2C+Philip+T%3BZhang%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Shihui&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs13068-014-0140-8 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/140 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Xylose; Energy metabolism; Fermentation; Xylitol; Glucose; Stress; Drug tolerance; Carbon sources; Toxicity; Biomass; Hydrolysis; DNA microarrays; Acetic acid; Supplementation; hemicellulose; Gene expression; Economics; Microorganisms; Glycolysis; Hydrolysates; Biofuels; Flagella; Ethanol; Fuel technology; Energy; Metabolism; Biotechnology; Zymomonas mobilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13068-014-0140-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid detection of defects in fuel-cell electrodes using infrared reactive-flow-through technique AN - 1560107086; 20433146 AB - As fuel cells become more prominent, new manufacturing and production methods will need to be developed to deal efficiently and effectively with increased demand. One necessary component of this industrial growth is the accurate measurement of the variability in the manufacturing process. In this study, we present a diagnostic system that combines infrared thermography with a reactive-flow-through technique to detect catalyst-loading defects in fuel-cell gas-diffusion electrodes accurately with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Experimental results are compared with model predictions of thermal response with good agreement. Data analysis, operating-condition impacts, and detection limits are explored using both experiments and simulation. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of this technique to measure defects on the millimeter length scale with temporal resolutions appropriate for use on a web-line. Thus we present the first development stage of a next-generation non-destructive diagnostic tool, which may be amenable to eventual use on roll-to-roll manufacturing lines. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Das, Prodip K AU - Weber, Adam Z AU - Bender, Guido AU - Manak, Austin AU - Bittinat, Daniel AU - Herring, Andrew M AU - Ulsh, Michael AD - Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, michael.ulsh@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 401 EP - 411 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 261 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Catalyst layer KW - Defect detection KW - Infrared thermography KW - Fuel cells KW - Manufacturing KW - Prediction KW - Fuel technology KW - Manufacturing industry KW - Electrodes KW - Simulation KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1560107086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Rapid+detection+of+defects+in+fuel-cell+electrodes+using+infrared+reactive-flow-through+technique&rft.au=Das%2C+Prodip+K%3BWeber%2C+Adam+Z%3BBender%2C+Guido%3BManak%2C+Austin%3BBittinat%2C+Daniel%3BHerring%2C+Andrew+M%3BUlsh%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Prodip&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=261&rft.issue=&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2013.11.124 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Manufacturing industry; Fuel technology; Electrodes; Simulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.11.124 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A highly efficient dilute alkali deacetylation and mechanical (disc) refining process for the conversion of renewable biomass to lower cost sugars AN - 1554947553; 20450718 AB - Background: The deconstruction of renewable biomass feedstocks into soluble sugars at low cost is a critical component of the biochemical conversion of biomass to fuels and chemicals. Providing low cost high concentration sugar syrups with low levels of chemicals and toxic inhibitors, at high process yields is essential for biochemical platform processes using pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. In this work, we utilize a process consisting of deacetylation, followed by mechanical refining in a disc refiner (DDR) for the conversion of renewable biomass to low cost sugars at high yields and at high concentrations without a conventional chemical pretreatment step. The new process features a low temperature dilute alkaline deacetylation step followed by disc refining under modest levels of energy consumption. Results: The proposed process was demonstrated using a commercial scale Andritz double disc refiner. Disc refined and deacetylated corn stover result in monomeric glucose yields of 78 to 84% and monomeric xylose yields of 71 to 77% after enzymatic hydrolysis at process-relevant solids and enzyme loadings. The glucose and xylose yields of the disc refined substrates in enzymatic hydrolysis are enhanced by 13% and 19%, respectively. Fermentation of the DDR substrates at 20% total solids with Z.mobilis utilized almost all sugars in 20hrs indicating the sugar hydrolyzate produced from the DDR process is highly fermentable due to low levels of chemical contaminants. The ethanol titer and ethanol process yield are approximately 70 g/L and 90% respectively. Conclusions: The proposed new process has been demonstrated using pilot scale deacetylation and disc refiners. The deacetylated and disc refined corn stover was rapidly deconstructed to monomeric sugars at 20% wt solids with enzymatic hydrolysis. High process sugar conversions were achieved, with high concentrations of monomeric sugars that exceeded 150 g/L. The sugar syrups produced were found to have low concentrations of known major fermentation inhibitors: acetic acid, furfural and HMF. The low levels of these fermentation inhibitors lead to high fermentation yields. The results suggest that this process is a very promising development for the nascent cellulosic biofuels industry. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Shekiro, Joseph AU - Pschorn, Thomas AU - Sabourin, Marc AU - Tao, Ling AU - Elander, Rick AU - Park, Sunkyu AU - Jennings, Ed AU - Nelson, Robert AU - Trass, Olev AU - Flanegan, Keith AU - Wang, Wei AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Johnson, David AU - Tucker, Melvin P AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden CO 80127, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 98 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biofuels KW - Pretreatment KW - Enzymatic hydrolysis KW - Deacetylation KW - Mechanical refining KW - Disc refining KW - No acid pretreatment KW - PFI milling KW - Clean sugar production KW - Chemicals KW - Fuel technology KW - Xylose KW - Biochemistry KW - Fermentation KW - Fuels KW - Glucose KW - Low temperature KW - Corn KW - Alkalis KW - Ethanol KW - Furfural KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Enzymes KW - Energy consumption KW - Biomass KW - Acetic acid KW - Hydrolysis KW - Syrups KW - Contaminants KW - Biotechnology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1554947553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=A+highly+efficient+dilute+alkali+deacetylation+and+mechanical+%28disc%29+refining+process+for+the+conversion+of+renewable+biomass+to+lower+cost+sugars&rft.au=Chen%2C+Xiaowen%3BShekiro%2C+Joseph%3BPschorn%2C+Thomas%3BSabourin%2C+Marc%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BElander%2C+Rick%3BPark%2C+Sunkyu%3BJennings%2C+Ed%3BNelson%2C+Robert%3BTrass%2C+Olev%3BFlanegan%2C+Keith%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BJohnson%2C+David%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Xiaowen&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-7-98 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/98 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 43 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Sugar; Xylose; Fermentation; Fuels; Glucose; Enzymes; Deacetylation; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Acetic acid; Syrups; Alkalis; Contaminants; Biofuels; Furfural; Ethanol; Chemicals; Fuel technology; Biochemistry; Energy consumption; Low temperature; Corn; Biotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-7-98 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of mechanical disruption on the effectiveness of three reactors used for dilute acid pretreatment of corn stover Part 2: morphological and structural substrate analysis AN - 1529934913; 19824982 AB - Background: Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable, naturally mass-produced form of stored solar energy. Thermochemical pretreatment processes have been developed to address the challenge of biomass recalcitrance, however the optimization, cost reduction, and scalability of these processes remain as obstacles to the adoption of biofuel production processes at the industrial scale. In this study, we demonstrate that the type of reactor in which pretreatment is carried out can profoundly alter the micro- and nanostructure of the pretreated materials and dramatically affect the subsequent efficiency, and thus cost, of enzymatic conversion of cellulose. Results: Multi-scale microscopy and quantitative image analysis was used to investigate the impact of different biomass pretreatment reactor configurations on plant cell wall structure. We identify correlations between enzymatic digestibility and geometric descriptors derived from the image data. Corn stover feedstock was pretreated under the same nominal conditions for dilute acid pretreatment (2.0 wt% H sub(2)SO sub(4), 160 degree C, 5 min) using three representative types of reactors: ZipperClave registered (ZC), steam gun (SG), and horizontal screw (HS) reactors. After 96 h of enzymatic digestion, biomass treated in the SG and HS reactors achieved much higher cellulose conversions, 88% and 95%, respectively, compared to the conversion obtained using the ZC reactor (68%). Imaging at the micro- and nanoscales revealed that the superior performance of the SG and HS reactors could be explained by reduced particle size, cellular dislocation, increased surface roughness, delamination, and nanofibrillation generated within the biomass particles during pretreatment. Conclusions: Increased cellular dislocation, surface roughness, delamination, and nanofibrillation revealed by direct observation of the micro- and nanoscale change in accessibility explains the superior performance of reactors that augment pretreatment with physical energy. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Ciesielski, Peter N AU - Wang, Wei AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Decker, Stephen R AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Johnson, David K AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 47 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biomass conversion KW - Dilute acid pretreatment KW - Severity factor KW - Quantitative image analysis KW - Delamination KW - Nanofibrillation KW - Particle size KW - Data processing KW - Cellulose KW - Steam KW - Image processing KW - Adoption KW - Biomass KW - imaging KW - Plant cells KW - Dislocation KW - Energy KW - Digestibility KW - Microscopy KW - Biofuels KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1529934913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Effect+of+mechanical+disruption+on+the+effectiveness+of+three+reactors+used+for+dilute+acid+pretreatment+of+corn+stover+Part+2%3A+morphological+and+structural+substrate+analysis&rft.au=Ciesielski%2C+Peter+N%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BChen%2C+Xiaowen%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BJohnson%2C+David+K%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon+S&rft.aulast=Ciesielski&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-7-47 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/47 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Data processing; Cellulose; Steam; Image processing; Adoption; Biomass; imaging; Dislocation; Plant cells; Energy; Microscopy; Digestibility; Biofuels DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-7-47 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of mechanical disruption on the effectiveness of three reactors used for dilute acid pretreatment of corn stover Part 1: chemical and physical substrate analysis AN - 1524413025; 19773423 AB - Background: There is considerable interest in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to liquid fuels to provide substitutes for fossil fuels. Pretreatments, conducted to reduce biomass recalcitrance, usually remove at least some of the hemicellulose and/or lignin in cell walls. The hypothesis that led to this research was that reactor type could have a profound effect on the properties of pretreated materials and impact subsequent cellulose hydrolysis. Results: Corn stover was dilute-acid pretreated using commercially relevant reactor types (ZipperClave super( registered ) (ZC), Steam Gun (SG) and Horizontal Screw (HS)) under the same nominal conditions. Samples produced in the SG and HS achieved much higher cellulose digestibilities (88% and 95%, respectively), compared to the ZC sample (68%). Characterization, by chemical, physical, spectroscopic and electron microscopy methods, was used to gain an understanding of the effects causing the digestibility differences. Chemical differences were small; however, particle size differences appeared significant. Sum-frequency generation vibrational spectra indicated larger inter-fibrillar spacing or randomization of cellulose microfibrils in the HS sample. Simons' staining indicated increased cellulose accessibility for the SG and HS samples. Electron microscopy showed that the SG and HS samples were more porous and fibrillated because of mechanical grinding and explosive depressurization occurring with these two reactors. These structural changes most likely permitted increased cellulose accessibility to enzymes, enhancing saccharification. Conclusions: Dilute-acid pretreatment of corn stover using three different reactors under the same nominal conditions gave samples with very different digestibilities, although chemical differences in the pretreated substrates were small. The results of the physical and chemical analyses of the samples indicate that the explosive depressurization and mechanical grinding with these reactors increased enzyme accessibility. Pretreatment reactors using physical force to disrupt cell walls increase the effectiveness of the pretreatment process. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Wang, Wei AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AU - Ciesielski, Peter N AU - Katahira, Rui AU - Kuhn, Erik M AU - Kafle, Kabindra AU - Lee, Christopher M AU - Park, Sunkyu AU - Kim, Seong H AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Johnson, David K AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 57 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Reactor KW - dilute acid pretreatment KW - biomass KW - cellulose properties KW - substrate accessibility KW - digestibility KW - Particle size KW - Fossil fuels KW - Fuels KW - Cellulose KW - Microfibrils KW - Steam KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - hemicellulose KW - Digestibility KW - Lignin KW - Explosives KW - Biofuels KW - Electron microscopy KW - Cell walls KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1524413025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Effect+of+mechanical+disruption+on+the+effectiveness+of+three+reactors+used+for+dilute+acid+pretreatment+of+corn+stover+Part+1%3A+chemical+and+physical+substrate+analysis&rft.au=Wang%2C+Wei%3BChen%2C+Xiaowen%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon+S%3BCiesielski%2C+Peter+N%3BKatahira%2C+Rui%3BKuhn%2C+Erik+M%3BKafle%2C+Kabindra%3BLee%2C+Christopher+M%3BPark%2C+Sunkyu%3BKim%2C+Seong+H%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BJohnson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Wei&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-7-57 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/57 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Fossil fuels; Fuels; Cellulose; Steam; Microfibrils; Enzymes; Biomass; Hydrolysis; hemicellulose; Lignin; Digestibility; Explosives; Electron microscopy; Biofuels; Cell walls DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-7-57 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of pilot-scale dilute acid pretreatment performance using deacetylated corn stover AN - 1512336720; 19388494 AB - Background: Dilute acid pretreatment is a promising process technology for the deconstruction of low-lignin lignocellulosic biomass, capable of producing high yields of hemicellulosic sugars and enhancing enzymatic yields of glucose as part of a biomass-to-biofuels process. However, while it has been extensively studied, most work has historically been conducted at relatively high acid concentrations of 1 - 4% (weight/weight). Reducing the effective acid loading in pretreatment has the potential to reduce chemical costs both for pretreatment and subsequent neutralization. Additionally, if acid loadings are sufficiently low, capital requirements associated with reactor construction may be significantly reduced due to the relaxation of requirements for exotic alloys. Despite these benefits, past efforts have had difficulty obtaining high process yields at low acid loadings without supplementation of additional unit operations, such as mechanical refining. Results: Recently, we optimized the dilute acid pretreatment of deacetylated corn stover at low acid loadings in a 1-ton per day horizontal pretreatment reactor. This effort included more than 25 pilot-scale pretreatment experiments executed at reactor temperatures ranging from 150 - 170 degree C, residence times of 10 - 20 minutes and hydrolyzer sulfuric acid concentrations between 0.15 - 0.30% (weight/weight). In addition to characterizing the process yields achieved across the reaction space, the optimization identified a pretreatment reaction condition that achieved total xylose yields from pretreatment of 73.5% plus or minus 1.5% with greater than 97% xylan component balance closure across a series of five runs at the same condition. Feedstock reactivity at this reaction condition after bench-scale high solids enzymatic hydrolysis was 77%, prior to the inclusion of any additional conversion that may occur during subsequent fermentation. Conclusions: This study effectively characterized a range of pretreatment reaction conditions using deacetylated corn stover at low acid loadings and identified an optimum reaction condition was selected and used in a series of integrated pilot scale cellulosic ethanol production campaigns. Additionally, several issues exist to be considered in future pretreatment experiments in continuous reactor systems, including the formation of char within the reactor, as well as practical issues with feeding herbaceous feedstock into pressurized systems. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Shekiro, Joseph III AU - Kuhn, Erik M AU - Nagle, Nicholas J AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Elander, Richard T AU - Schell, Daniel J AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 617 Cole Blvd, 80401 Golden, CO, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 23 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Deacetylated corn stover KW - Lignocellulosic pretreatment KW - Dilute acid KW - Xylose KW - Pilot KW - Historical account KW - Fuel technology KW - Fermentation KW - Glucose KW - Supplementation KW - Bioreactors KW - Corn KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Alloys KW - alloys KW - Neutralization KW - Ethanol KW - Temperature effects KW - Feeding KW - Sugar KW - Temperature KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - Xylan KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1512336720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+pilot-scale+dilute+acid+pretreatment+performance+using+deacetylated+corn+stover&rft.au=Shekiro%2C+Joseph+III%3BKuhn%2C+Erik+M%3BNagle%2C+Nicholas+J%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BElander%2C+Richard+T%3BSchell%2C+Daniel+J&rft.aulast=Shekiro&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-7-23 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/23 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Sugar; Feeding; Xylose; Fermentation; Glucose; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Supplementation; Xylan; Bioreactors; Sulfuric acid; alloys; Biofuels; Ethanol; Fuel technology; Historical account; Temperature; Corn; Alloys; Neutralization; Biotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-7-23 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethylene-forming enzyme and bioethylene production AN - 1512330883; 19388499 AB - Worldwide, ethylene is the most produced organic compound. It serves as a building block for a wide variety of plastics, textiles, and chemicals, and a process has been developed for its conversion into liquid transportation fuels. Currently, commercial ethylene production involves steam cracking of fossil fuels, and is the highest CO sub(2)-emitting process in the chemical industry. Therefore, there is great interest in developing technology for ethylene production from renewable resources including CO sub(2) and biomass. Ethylene is produced naturally by plants and some microbes that live with plants. One of the metabolic pathways used by microbes is via an ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE), which uses [alpha]-ketoglutarate and arginine as substrates. EFE is a promising biotechnology target because the expression of a single gene is sufficient for ethylene production in the absence of toxic intermediates. Here we present the first comprehensive review and analysis of EFE, including its discovery, sequence diversity, reaction mechanism, predicted involvement in diverse metabolic modes, heterologous expression, and requirements for harvesting of bioethylene. A number of knowledge gaps and factors that limit ethylene productivity are identified, as well as strategies that could guide future research directions. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Eckert, Carrie AU - Xu, Wu AU - Xiong, Wei AU - Lynch, Sean AU - Ungerer, Justin AU - Tao, Ling AU - Gill, Ryan AU - Maness, Pin-Ching AU - Yu, Jianping AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 33 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Ethylene-forming enzyme KW - Bioethylene KW - Diversity KW - Mechanism KW - Heterologous expression KW - Sustainable yield KW - Fossil fuels KW - Arginine KW - Fuels KW - Steam KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Reaction mechanisms KW - Textiles KW - Reviews KW - Metabolic pathways KW - Organic compounds KW - Ethylene KW - Plastics KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Harvesting KW - Biofuels KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1512330883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Ethylene-forming+enzyme+and+bioethylene+production&rft.au=Eckert%2C+Carrie%3BXu%2C+Wu%3BXiong%2C+Wei%3BLynch%2C+Sean%3BUngerer%2C+Justin%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BGill%2C+Ryan%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching%3BYu%2C+Jianping&rft.aulast=Eckert&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-7-33 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/33 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 51 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sustainable yield; Fossil fuels; Arginine; Fuels; Steam; Enzymes; Biomass; Reaction mechanisms; Textiles; Reviews; Metabolic pathways; Plastics; Ethylene; Organic compounds; Carbon dioxide; Biofuels; Harvesting DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-7-33 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving xylose utilization by recombinant Zymomonas mobilis strain 8b through adaptation using 2-deoxyglucose AN - 1500780205; 19280766 AB - Background: Numerous attempts have been made to improve xylose utilization in Z. mobilis including adaptive approaches. However, no one has yet found a way to overcome the reduced xylose utilization observed in fermentations carried out in the presence of glucose as well as the inhibitory compounds found within pretreated and saccharified biomass. Our goal was to generate Z. mobilis strains that are more robust than the wildtype strain with increased productivity in fermenting the glucose and xylose present in PCS. Through adaptation in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose, we have generated Zymomonas mobilis strain #7, which is better suited to utilizing xylose in pretreated corn stover (PCS) fermentations in the presence of both glucose and model inhibitory compounds of acetate and furfural. Strain #7 over performed the parent strain 8b both on simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SFF) of PCS and fermentation of saccharified PCS slurry. At 65% neutralized PCS liquor level, strain #7 used 86% of the xylose present in the liquor while strain 8b was not able to ferment the liquor under similar conditions. Similarly, under SSF process conditions with 20% total solids loading of PCS, strain #7 used more than 50% of the xylose present, while strain 8b did not utilize any xylose under this condition. We have further identified genetic alterations in strain #7 in relation to the parental strain 8b that may be responsible for these phenotypic enhancements. Results: We performed an extended lab-directed evolution of Z. mobilis strain 8b in the presence of acetate and a non-hydrolyzable glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose. Following the adaptation, we identified and characterized numerous candidate strains and found a dramatic increase in xylose usage not only in shake flask, but also in a controlled PCS fermentation. We re-sequenced the genomes of evolved strains to identify genetic alterations responsible for these improved phenotypes, and identified two mutations that may be key to the improved xylose usage in these strains. Conclusion: We have generated Z. mobilis strain #7, which can ferment xylose efficiently in the presence of toxins present in pretreated corn stover. Genetic alterations responsible for the improvement have been identified. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Mohagheghi, Ali AU - Linger, Jeff AU - Smith, Holly AU - Yang, Shihui AU - Dowe, Nancy AU - Pienkos, Philip T AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013, Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 19 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Zymomonas KW - Xylose KW - 2-deoxyglucose KW - Pretreated corn stover KW - Adaptation KW - Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation KW - Next generation sequencing (NGS) KW - Genomes KW - Adaptations KW - Fermentation KW - Glucose KW - Cell culture KW - Biomass KW - Acetic acid KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Toxins KW - Models KW - Slurries KW - Deoxyglucose KW - Mutation KW - Biofuels KW - Evolution KW - Furfural KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1500780205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Improving+xylose+utilization+by+recombinant+Zymomonas+mobilis+strain+8b+through+adaptation+using+2-deoxyglucose&rft.au=Mohagheghi%2C+Ali%3BLinger%2C+Jeff%3BSmith%2C+Holly%3BYang%2C+Shihui%3BDowe%2C+Nancy%3BPienkos%2C+Philip+T&rft.aulast=Mohagheghi&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-7-19 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/19 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Xylose; Adaptations; Fermentation; Glucose; Cell culture; Biomass; Acetic acid; Toxins; Models; Slurries; Deoxyglucose; Mutation; Evolution; Biofuels; Furfural; Zymomonas mobilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-7-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment of cellulosic isobutanol and comparison with cellulosic ethanol and n-butanol AN - 1496883934; 19015674 AB - This work presents a detailed analysis of the production design and economics of the cellulosic isobutanol conversion processes and compares cellulosic isobutanol with cellulosic ethanol and n-butanol in the areas of fuel properties and engine compatibility, fermentation technology, product purification process design and energy consumption, overall process economics, and life cycle assessment. Techno-economic analysis is used to understand the current stage of isobutanol process development and the impact of key parameters on the overall process economics in a consistent way (i.e. using the same financial assumptions, plant scale, and cost basis). The calculated minimum isobutanol selling price is $3.62/gasoline gallon equivalent ($/GGE) - similar to $3.66/GGE from the n-butanol process and higher than $3.26/GGE from the cellulosic ethanol conversion process. At the conversion stage, the n-butanol process emits the most direct CO sub(2), at 26.42 kg CO sub(2)/GGE. Isobutanol and ethanol plants have relatively similar CO sub(2) emissions, at 21.91 kg CO sub(2)/GGE and 21.01 kg CO sub(2)/GGE, respectively. The consumptive water use of the biorefineries increases in the following order: ethanol (8.19 gal/GGE)2 times the land used to meet food demands under a presumed 40% increase in per capita food demand. In comparison, the high food demand scenario requires greater pastureland for meat production, leading to larger overall expansion into forest and grassland. Our results indicate that, in all scenarios, there is a potential for supply shortfalls, and associated upward pressure on prices, of food commodities requiring higher land use intensity (e.g., beef) which biofuels could exacerbate. JF - Environmental Research Letters AU - Warner, Ethan AU - Inman, Daniel AU - Kunstman, Benjamin AU - Bush, Brian AU - Vimmerstedt, Laura AU - Peterson, Steve AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Zhang, Yimin AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, USA, Ethan.Warner@nrel.gov Y1 - 2013/03// PY - 2013 DA - March 2013 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - IOP Publishing, The Public Ledger Building, Suite 929 Philadelphia PA 19106 United States VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1748-9326, 1748-9326 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - system dynamics KW - biofuel KW - land use KW - agriculture KW - diet KW - sustainability KW - Meat KW - Diets KW - Fuel technology KW - Grasslands KW - Agricultural land KW - Transportation KW - Fuels KW - Forests KW - Biofuels KW - Land use KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1705083054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Modeling+biofuel+expansion+effects+on+land+use+change+dynamics&rft.au=Warner%2C+Ethan%3BInman%2C+Daniel%3BKunstman%2C+Benjamin%3BBush%2C+Brian%3BVimmerstedt%2C+Laura%3BPeterson%2C+Steve%3BMacknick%2C+Jordan%3BZhang%2C+Yimin&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.issn=17489326&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F8%2F1%2F015003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Meat; Grasslands; Fuel technology; Agricultural land; Transportation; Fuels; Forests; Land use; Biofuels DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bright Future: Solar Power as a Major Contributor to the U.S. Grid AN - 1671529751; 17735077 AB - The decreased costs of solar technologies have led to the prospect of a move for photovoltaic (PV ) and concentrating solar power (CSP ) from niche applications to major contributors to the U.S. electricity grid. This development has motivated a number of technoeconomic analyses of the potential deployment of both PV and CSP under varying economic conditions. Two studies sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE ) and completed in 2012 can help us understand the potential opportunities and challenges for solar deployment on a large scale. These studies evaluated both the potential mix of renewable energy technologies that could serve a large fraction of the U.S. electricity demand and the associated evolution of the U.S. grid to 2050. JF - IEEE Power & Energy Magazine AU - Denholm, Paul AU - Margolis, Robert AU - Mai, Trieu AU - Brinkman, Greg AU - Drury, Easan AU - Hand, Maureen AU - Mowers, Matthew AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2013/03// PY - 2013 DA - Mar 2013 SP - 22 EP - 32 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue, 17th Fl New York NY 10016-5997 United States VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1540-7977, 1540-7977 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN) KW - Solar power generation KW - Solar cells KW - Renewable energy KW - Marketing KW - Economic analysis KW - Electric potential KW - Electricity KW - Evolution KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671529751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Power+%26+Energy+Magazine&rft.atitle=Bright+Future%3A+Solar+Power+as+a+Major+Contributor+to+the+U.S.+Grid&rft.au=Denholm%2C+Paul%3BMargolis%2C+Robert%3BMai%2C+Trieu%3BBrinkman%2C+Greg%3BDrury%2C+Easan%3BHand%2C+Maureen%3BMowers%2C+Matthew&rft.aulast=Denholm&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Power+%26+Energy+Magazine&rft.issn=15407977&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FMPE.2012.2234404 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MPE.2012.2234404 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New method for discovery of starch phenotypes in growing microalgal colonies. AN - 1197482790; 23026776 AB - To identify algal strains with altered starch metabolism from a large pool of candidates of growing algal colonies, we have developed a novel, high-throughput screening tool by combining gaseous bleaching of replica transferred colonies and subsequent iodine staining to visualize starch. Screening of healthy growing colonies of microalgae has not been possible previously because high levels of chlorophyll make the detection of starch with an iodine stain impossible. We demonstrated that chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) removes essentially all chlorophyll from the colonies and enables high-throughput screening of, for example, a population of mutagenized cells or a culture collection isolated in a bioprospecting project. JF - Analytical biochemistry AU - Black, Stuart K AU - Smolinski, Sharon L AU - Feehan, Corinne AU - Pienkos, Philip T AU - Jarvis, Eric E AU - Laurens, Lieve M L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. Y1 - 2013/01/15/ PY - 2013 DA - 2013 Jan 15 SP - 71 EP - 73 VL - 432 IS - 2 KW - Chlorine Compounds KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - Oxides KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - chlorine dioxide KW - 8061YMS4RM KW - Starch KW - 9005-25-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxides -- analysis KW - Gases -- analysis KW - Chlorophyll -- metabolism KW - Chlorine Compounds -- analysis KW - Microalgae -- metabolism KW - Colorimetry -- methods KW - High-Throughput Screening Assays -- methods KW - Starch -- chemistry KW - Starch -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1197482790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.atitle=New+method+for+discovery+of+starch+phenotypes+in+growing+microalgal+colonies.&rft.au=Black%2C+Stuart+K%3BSmolinski%2C+Sharon+L%3BFeehan%2C+Corinne%3BPienkos%2C+Philip+T%3BJarvis%2C+Eric+E%3BLaurens%2C+Lieve+M+L&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft.date=2013-01-15&rft.volume=432&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.issn=1096-0309&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ab.2012.09.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2013-04-30 N1 - Date created - 2012-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2012.09.018 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Validating a Physical Model for Satellite Based Solar Resource Assessment T2 - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AN - 1369230985; 6216598 JF - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AU - Sengupta, Manajit AU - Habte, A AU - Wilcox, S AU - Molling, C AU - Heidinger, A Y1 - 2013/01/06/ PY - 2013 DA - 2013 Jan 06 KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1369230985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.atitle=Validating+a+Physical+Model+for+Satellite+Based+Solar+Resource+Assessment&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+Manajit%3BHabte%2C+A%3BWilcox%2C+S%3BMolling%2C+C%3BHeidinger%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Manajit&rft.date=2013-01-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/93Annual/webprogram/meeting.html# LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-05-31 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-19 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Accuracy of Photodiode Pyranometers for Photovoltaic Applications T2 - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AN - 1369230761; 6216638 JF - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AU - Sengupta, Manajit AU - Gotseff, P AU - Stoffel, T Y1 - 2013/01/06/ PY - 2013 DA - 2013 Jan 06 KW - Solar cells KW - Actinometers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1369230761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.atitle=Accuracy+of+Photodiode+Pyranometers+for+Photovoltaic+Applications&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+Manajit%3BGotseff%2C+P%3BStoffel%2C+T&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Manajit&rft.date=2013-01-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/93Annual/webprogram/meeting.html# LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-05-31 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-19 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of changing atmospheric conditions on wind turbine performance T2 - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AN - 1369230547; 6215983 JF - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AU - Clifton, Andrew AU - Fleming, P AU - Kilcher, L AU - Lundquist, J Y1 - 2013/01/06/ PY - 2013 DA - 2013 Jan 06 KW - Turbines KW - Wind energy KW - Atmospheric conditions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1369230547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+changing+atmospheric+conditions+on+wind+turbine+performance&rft.au=Clifton%2C+Andrew%3BFleming%2C+P%3BKilcher%2C+L%3BLundquist%2C+J&rft.aulast=Clifton&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2013-01-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/93Annual/webprogram/meeting.html# LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-05-31 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-19 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Update on Estimating the Economic Impact of Short-Term Wind Forecast Improvements in ERCOT T2 - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AN - 1369230048; 6216382 JF - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AU - Orwig, Kirsten AU - Banunarayanan, V AU - Nasir, S AU - Hodge, B AU - Freedman, J Y1 - 2013/01/06/ PY - 2013 DA - 2013 Jan 06 KW - Economics KW - Wind UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1369230048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.atitle=Update+on+Estimating+the+Economic+Impact+of+Short-Term+Wind+Forecast+Improvements+in+ERCOT&rft.au=Orwig%2C+Kirsten%3BBanunarayanan%2C+V%3BNasir%2C+S%3BHodge%2C+B%3BFreedman%2C+J&rft.aulast=Orwig&rft.aufirst=Kirsten&rft.date=2013-01-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/93Annual/webprogram/meeting.html# LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-05-31 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficient extraction of xylan from delignified corn stover using dimethyl sulfoxide AN - 1732820681; PQ0002204887 AB - Xylan can be extracted from biomass using either alkali (KOH or NaOH) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); however, DMSO extraction is the only method that produces a water-soluble xylan. In this study, DMSO extraction of corn stover was studied at different temperatures with the objective of finding a faster, more efficient extraction method. The temperature and time of extraction were compared followed by a basic structural analysis to ensure that no significant structural changes occurred under different temperatures. The resulting data showed that heating to 70 degree C during extraction can give a yield comparable to room temperature extraction while reducing the extraction time by ~90 %. This method of heating was shown to be the most efficient method currently available and was shown to retain the important structural characteristics of xylan extracted with DMSO at room temperature. JF - 3 Biotech AU - Rowley, John AU - Decker, Stephen R AU - Michener, William AU - Black, Stuart AD - University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, steve.decker@nrel.gov PY - 2013 SP - 433 EP - 438 PB - Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin/Heidelberg VL - 3 IS - 5 SN - 2190-572X, 2190-572X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Data processing KW - Xylan KW - Dimethyl sulfoxide KW - Alkalis KW - Biomass KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732820681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=3+Biotech&rft.atitle=Efficient+extraction+of+xylan+from+delignified+corn+stover+using+dimethyl+sulfoxide&rft.au=Rowley%2C+John%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R%3BMichener%2C+William%3BBlack%2C+Stuart&rft.aulast=Rowley&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=3+Biotech&rft.issn=2190572X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs13205-013-0159-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Data processing; Xylan; Dimethyl sulfoxide; Biomass; Alkalis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13205-013-0159-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential Reductions in Emissions and Petroleum Use in Transportation: Perspectives from the Transportation Energy Futures Project AN - 1671563602; 19761375 AB - The use of energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy sources in transportation could reduce petroleum use and greenhouse gas emissions, but these approaches may face challenges in consumer adoption, infrastructure requirements, and resource constraints. The Transportation Energy Futures project of the U.S. Department of Energy reviewed opportunities for significant reductions in petroleum use and greenhouse gas emissions. On the basis of that review, a diverse set of strategies is explored: reduced energy intensity of transportation modes, lower use intensity of motorized transport, and reduced carbon or petroleum intensity through the use of electricity and hydrogen from renewable energy as well as the use of biofuels. Energy efficiency and demandside approaches could stop the growth in total transportation energy. In the light-duty vehicle sector, growth in energy use already is projected to flatten; the deployment of technologies for energy efficiency could limit growth in the non-light-duty sector. Travel reduction and built environment changes could moderate personal transportation demand. Freight mass reductions and mode switching could slow or stabilize freight demand. Vehicles using electricity or hydrogen could enable access to renewable energy resources other than biomass. Challenges in fueling infrastructure expansion and market uptake of advanced vehicles are considered. Competition for biomass also is explored, considering markets for electricity, gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and bunker fuel. The potential for the implementation of these strategies to displace UJS. petroleum use and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector is discussed along with the barriers to realizing this potential in the market. JF - Transportation Research Record AU - Vimmerstedt, Laura AU - Brown, Austin AU - Heath, Garvin AU - Mai, Trieu AU - Melaina, Marc AU - Newes, Emily AU - Ruth, Mark AU - Simpkins, Travis AU - Warner, Ethan AU - Bertram, Kenneth AU - Plotkin, Steven AU - Patel, Deena AU - Stephens, Thomas AU - Vyas, Anant AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401 laura.vimmerstedt@nrel.gov Y1 - 2013 PY - 2013 DA - 2013 SP - 37 EP - 44 PB - Transportation Research Board IS - 2375 SN - 0361-1981, 0361-1981 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Energy use KW - Air pollution KW - Reduction KW - Transportation KW - Crude oil KW - Emissions control KW - Electricity KW - Markets UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671563602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transportation+Research+Record&rft.atitle=Potential+Reductions+in+Emissions+and+Petroleum+Use+in+Transportation%3A+Perspectives+from+the+Transportation+Energy+Futures+Project&rft.au=Vimmerstedt%2C+Laura%3BBrown%2C+Austin%3BHeath%2C+Garvin%3BMai%2C+Trieu%3BMelaina%2C+Marc%3BNewes%2C+Emily%3BRuth%2C+Mark%3BSimpkins%2C+Travis%3BWarner%2C+Ethan%3BBertram%2C+Kenneth%3BPlotkin%2C+Steven%3BPatel%2C+Deena%3BStephens%2C+Thomas%3BVyas%2C+Anant&rft.aulast=Vimmerstedt&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=2375&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=9780309286916&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transportation+Research+Record&rft.issn=03611981&rft_id=info:doi/10.3141%2F2375-05 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2375-05 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A laboratory-scale pretreatment and hydrolysis assay for determination of reactivity in cellulosic biomass feedstocks AN - 1475529463; 18857606 AB - Background: The rapid determination of the release of structural sugars from biomass feedstocks is an important enabling technology for the development of cellulosic biofuels. An assay that is used to determine sugar release for large numbers of samples must be robust, rapid, and easy to perform, and must use modest amounts of the samples to be tested. In this work we present a laboratory-scale combined pretreatment and saccharification assay that can be used as a biomass feedstock screening tool. The assay uses a commercially available automated solvent extraction system for pretreatment followed by a small-scale enzymatic hydrolysis step. The assay allows multiple samples to be screened simultaneously, and uses only ~3 g of biomass per sample. If the composition of the biomass sample is known, the results of the assay can be expressed as reactivity (fraction of structural carbohydrate present in the biomass sample released as monomeric sugars). Results: We first present pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis experiments on a set of representative biomass feedstock samples (corn stover, poplar, sorghum, switchgrass) in order to put the assay in context, and then show the results of the assay applied to approximately 150 different feedstock samples covering 5 different materials. From the compositional analysis data we identify a positive correlation between lignin and structural carbohydrates, and from the reactivity data we identify a negative correlation between both carbohydrate and lignin content and total reactivity. The negative correlation between lignin content and total reactivity suggests that lignin may interfere with sugar release, or that more mature samples (with higher structural sugars) may have more recalcitrant lignin. Conclusions: The assay presented in this work provides a robust and straightforward method to measure the sugar release after pretreatment and saccharification that can be used as a biomass feedstock screening tool. We demonstrated the utility of the assay by identifying correlations between feedstock composition and reactivity in a population of 150 samples. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Wolfrum, Edward J AU - Ness, Ryan M AU - Nagle, Nicholas J AU - Peterson, Darren J AU - Scarlata, Christopher J AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2013 PY - 2013 DA - 2013 SP - 162 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Sugar KW - Solvent extraction KW - Data processing KW - Solvents KW - Assays KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - Corn KW - Lignin KW - Carbohydrates KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - Sorghum KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1475529463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=A+laboratory-scale+pretreatment+and+hydrolysis+assay+for+determination+of+reactivity+in+cellulosic+biomass+feedstocks&rft.au=Wolfrum%2C+Edward+J%3BNess%2C+Ryan+M%3BNagle%2C+Nicholas+J%3BPeterson%2C+Darren+J%3BScarlata%2C+Christopher+J&rft.aulast=Wolfrum&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-6-162 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/6/1/162 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Data processing; Lignin; Solvents; Carbohydrates; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Biofuels; Fuel technology; Solvent extraction; Corn; Assays; Biotechnology; Technology; Sorghum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-162 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - De novo transcriptomic analysis of hydrogen production in the green alga Chlamydomonas moewusii through RNA-Seq AN - 1439228605; 18596354 AB - Background: Microalgae can make a significant contribution towards meeting global renewable energy needs in both carbon-based and hydrogen (H sub(2)) biofuel. The development of energy-related products from algae could be accelerated with improvements in systems biology tools, and recent advances in sequencing technology provide a platform for enhanced transcriptomic analyses. However, these techniques are still heavily reliant upon available genomic sequence data. Chlamydomonas moewusii is a unicellular green alga capable of evolving molecular H sub(2) under both dark and light anaerobic conditions, and has high hydrogenase activity that can be rapidly induced. However, to date, there is no systematic investigation of transcriptomic profiling during induction of H sub(2) photoproduction in this organism. Results: In this work, RNA-Seq was applied to investigate transcriptomic profiles during the dark anaerobic induction of H sub(2) photoproduction. 156 million reads generated from 7 samples were then used for de novo assembly after data trimming. BlastX results against NCBI database and Blast2GO results were used to interpret the functions of the assembled 34,136 contigs, which were then used as the reference contigs for RNA-Seq analysis. Our results indicated that more contigs were differentially expressed during the period of early and higher H sub(2) photoproduction, and fewer contigs were differentially expressed when H sub(2)-photoproduction rates decreased. In addition, C. moewusii and C. reinhardtii share core functional pathways, and transcripts for H sub(2) photoproduction and anaerobic metabolite production were identified in both organisms. C. moewusii also possesses similar metabolic flexibility as C. reinhardtii, and the difference between C. moewusii and C. reinhardtii on hydrogenase expression and anaerobic fermentative pathways involved in redox balancing may explain their different profiles of hydrogenase activity and secreted anaerobic metabolites. Conclusions: Herein, we have described a workflow using commercial software to analyze RNA-Seq data without reference genome sequence information, which can be applied to other unsequenced microorganisms. This study provided biological insights into the anaerobic fermentation and H sub(2) photoproduction of C. moewusii, and the first transcriptomic RNA-Seq dataset of C. moewusii generated in this study also offer baseline data for further investigation (e.g. regulatory proteins related to fermentative pathway discussed in this study) of this organism as a H sub(2)-photoproduction strain. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Yang, Shihui AU - Guarnieri, Michael T AU - Smolinski, Sharon AU - Ghirardi, Maria AU - Pienkos, Philip T AD - National Bioenergy Center, Golden, CO, USA Y1 - 2013 PY - 2013 DA - 2013 SP - 118 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Data processing KW - Fermentation KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Metabolites KW - Hydrogen KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Light effects KW - Computer programs KW - Databases KW - software KW - Chlamydomonas moewusii KW - regulatory proteins KW - Energy KW - Microorganisms KW - genomics KW - Hydrogenase KW - Biofuels KW - Algae KW - N 14815:Nucleotide Sequence KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1439228605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=De+novo+transcriptomic+analysis+of+hydrogen+production+in+the+green+alga+Chlamydomonas+moewusii+through+RNA-Seq&rft.au=Yang%2C+Shihui%3BGuarnieri%2C+Michael+T%3BSmolinski%2C+Sharon%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria%3BPienkos%2C+Philip+T&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Shihui&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-6-118 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/6/1/118 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 92 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Data processing; Fermentation; Nucleotide sequence; Metabolites; Hydrogen; Anaerobic conditions; Light effects; Databases; Computer programs; software; regulatory proteins; Energy; Microorganisms; genomics; Hydrogenase; Biofuels; Algae; Chlamydomonas moewusii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-118 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving activity of minicellulosomes by integration of intra- and intermolecular synergies AN - 1439221963; 18596440 AB - Background: Complete hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose requires the synergistic action of three general types of glycoside hydrolases; endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and cellobiases. Cellulases that are found in Nature vary considerably in their modular diversity and architecture. They include: non-complexed enzymes with single catalytic domains, independent single peptide chains incorporating multiple catalytic modules, and complexed, scaffolded structures, such as the cellulosome. The discovery of the latter two enzyme architectures has led to a generally held hypothesis that these systems take advantage of intramolecular and intermolecular proximity synergies, respectively, to enhance cellulose degradation. We use domain engineering to exploit both of these concepts to improve cellulase activity relative to the activity of mixtures of the separate catalytic domains. Results: We show that engineered minicellulosomes can achieve high levels of cellulose conversion on crystalline cellulose by taking advantage of three types of synergism; (1) a complementary synergy produced by interaction of endo- and exo-cellulases, (2) an intramolecular synergy of multiple catalytic modules in a single gene product (this type of synergism being introduced for the first time to minicellulosomes targeting crystalline cellulose), and (3) an intermolecular proximity synergy from the assembly of these cellulases into larger multi-molecular structures called minicellulosomes. The binary minicellulosome constructed in this study consists of an artificial multicatalytic cellulase (CBM4-Ig-GH9-X1 sub(1)-X1 sub(2)- GH8-Doc) and one cellulase with a single catalytic domain (a modified Cel48S with the structure CBM4-Ig-GH48-Doc), connected by a non-catalytic scaffoldin protein. The high level endo-exo synergy and intramolecular synergies within the artificial multifunctional cellulase have been combined with an additional proximity-dependent synergy produced by incorporation into a minicellulosome demonstrating high conversion of crystalline cellulose (Avicel). Our minicellulosome is the first engineered enzyme system confirmed by test to be capable of both operating at temperatures as high as 60 degree C and converting over 60% of crystalline cellulose to fermentable sugars. Conclusion: When compared to previously reported minicellulosomes assembled from cellulases containing only one catalytic module each, our novel minicellulosome demonstrates a method for substantial reduction in the number of peptide chains required, permitting improved heterologous expression of minicellulosomes in microbial hosts. In addition, it has been shown to be capable of substantial conversion of actual crystalline cellulose, as well as of the less-well-ordered and more easily digestible fraction of nominally crystalline cellulose. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Xu, Qi AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Bomble, Yannick J AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Baker, John O AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA Y1 - 2013 PY - 2013 DA - 2013 SP - 126 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cellulosomes KW - Engineered minicellulosomes KW - Cellulase KW - Intra- and intermolecular synergies KW - Endoglucanase KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - Enzymes KW - Hydrolysis KW - Integration KW - cellulosomes KW - glycoside hydrolase KW - Biofuels KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1439221963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Improving+activity+of+minicellulosomes+by+integration+of+intra-+and+intermolecular+synergies&rft.au=Xu%2C+Qi%3BDing%2C+Shi-You%3BBrunecky%2C+Roman%3BBomble%2C+Yannick+J%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BBaker%2C+John+O&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Qi&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-6-126 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/6/1/126 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Endoglucanase; Sugar; Integration; cellulosomes; Cellulose; Glucose; glycoside hydrolase; Enzymes; Hydrolysis; Biofuels; Cellulase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-126 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of growth of Zymomonas mobilis by model compounds found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates AN - 1419368857; 18272826 AB - Background: During the pretreatment of biomass feedstocks and subsequent conditioning prior to saccharification, many toxic compounds are produced or introduced which inhibit microbial growth and in many cases, production of ethanol. An understanding of the toxic effects of compounds found in hydrolysate is critical to improving sugar utilization and ethanol yields in the fermentation process. In this study, we established a useful tool for surveying hydrolysate toxicity by measuring growth rates in the presence of toxic compounds, and examined the effects of selected model inhibitors of aldehydes, organic and inorganic acids (along with various cations), and alcohols on growth of Zymomonas mobilis 8b (a ZM4 derivative) using glucose or xylose as the carbon source. Results: Toxicity strongly correlated to hydrophobicity in Z. mobilis, which has been observed in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for aldehydes and with some exceptions, organic acids. We observed Z. mobilis 8b to be more tolerant to organic acids than previously reported, although the carbon source and growth conditions play a role in tolerance. Growth in xylose was profoundly inhibited by monocarboxylic organic acids compared to growth in glucose, whereas dicarboxylic acids demonstrated little or no effects on growth rate in either substrate. Furthermore, cations can be ranked in order of their toxicity, Ca super(++) > > Na super(+) > NH4 super(+) > K super(+). HMF (5-hydroxymethylfurfural), furfural and acetate, which were observed to contribute to inhibition of Z. mobilis growth in dilute acid pretreated corn stover hydrolysate, do not interact in a synergistic manner in combination. We provide further evidence that Z. mobilis 8b is capable of converting the aldehydes furfural, vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and to some extent syringaldehyde to their alcohol forms (furfuryl, vanillyl, 4-hydroxybenzyl and syringyl alcohol) during fermentation. Conclusions: Several key findings in this report provide a mechanism for predicting toxic contributions of inhibitory components of hydrolysate and provide guidance for potential process development, along with potential future strain improvement and tolerance strategies. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Franden, Mary Ann AU - Pilath, Heidi M AU - Mohagheghi, Ali AU - Pienkos, Philip T AU - Zhang, Min AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2013 PY - 2013 DA - 2013 SP - 99 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - High-throughput screening KW - Cell growth assay KW - Bioscreen C KW - Inhibitor KW - Hydrolysate KW - Lignocellulosic biomass KW - Ethanol KW - Calcium KW - Xylose KW - Organic acids KW - Growth conditions KW - Fermentation KW - Glucose KW - Drug tolerance KW - Hydrophobicity KW - Carbon sources KW - Models KW - Escherichia coli KW - Hydrolysates KW - Furfural KW - Growth rate KW - Alcohol KW - Sugar KW - Potassium KW - syringaldehyde KW - Toxicity KW - Biomass KW - vanillin KW - Acetic acid KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - organic acids KW - Cations KW - Acids KW - Aldehydes KW - Biofuels KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1419368857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+growth+of+Zymomonas+mobilis+by+model+compounds+found+in+lignocellulosic+hydrolysates&rft.au=Franden%2C+Mary+Ann%3BPilath%2C+Heidi+M%3BMohagheghi%2C+Ali%3BPienkos%2C+Philip+T%3BZhang%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Franden&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-6-99 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/6/1/99 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xylose; Calcium; Fermentation; Growth conditions; Glucose; Drug tolerance; Hydrophobicity; Carbon sources; Models; Hydrolysates; Furfural; Ethanol; Growth rate; Sugar; Potassium; Toxicity; syringaldehyde; vanillin; Biomass; Acetic acid; organic acids; Cations; Acids; Aldehydes; Biofuels; Alcohol; Organic acids; Escherichia coli; Zymomonas mobilis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-99 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Energy sector vulnerability to climate change: adaptation options to increase resilience T2 - 2012 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting (AGU 2012) AN - 1313095179; 6189282 JF - 2012 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting (AGU 2012) AU - Newmark, Robin AU - Bilello, Dan AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Hallett, K AU - Anderson, Ren AU - Tidwell, Vincent AU - Zamuda, Craig Y1 - 2012/12/03/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Dec 03 KW - Climatic changes KW - Adaptability KW - Vulnerability KW - Adaptations KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313095179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting+%28AGU+2012%29&rft.atitle=Energy+sector+vulnerability+to+climate+change%3A+adaptation+options+to+increase+resilience&rft.au=Newmark%2C+Robin%3BBilello%2C+Dan%3BMacknick%2C+Jordan%3BHallett%2C+K%3BAnderson%2C+Ren%3BTidwell%2C+Vincent%3BZamuda%2C+Craig&rft.aulast=Newmark&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2012-12-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting+%28AGU+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://fallmeeting.agu.org/2012/scientific-program/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The water implications of generating electricity: water use across the United States based on different electricity pathways through 2050 AN - 1730045862; PQ0001831427 AB - The power sector withdraws more freshwater annually than any other sector in the US. The current portfolio of electricity generating technologies in the US has highly regionalized and technology-specific requirements for water. Water availability differs widely throughout the nation. As a result, assessments of water impacts from the power sector must have a high geographic resolution and consider regional, basin-level differences. The US electricity portfolio is expected to evolve in coming years, shaped by various policy and economic drivers on the international, national and regional level; that evolution will impact power sector water demands. Analysis of future electricity scenarios that incorporate technology options and constraints can provide useful insights about water impacts related to changes to the technology mix. Utilizing outputs from the regional energy deployment system (ReEDS) model, a national electricity sector capacity expansion model with high geographical resolution, we explore potential changes in water use by the US electric sector over the next four decades under various low carbon energy scenarios, nationally and regionally. JF - Environmental Research Letters AU - Macknick, J AU - Sattler, S AU - Averyt, K AU - Clemmer, S AU - Rogers, J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401-3305, USA jordan.macknick@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/12// PY - 2012 DA - December 2012 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - IOP Publishing, The Public Ledger Building, Suite 929 Philadelphia PA 19106 United States VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1748-9326, 1748-9326 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - energy water nexus KW - electricity KW - freshwater demands KW - Energy use KW - Water use KW - Carbon KW - Electric power generation KW - Economics KW - Impact analysis KW - Regional KW - Electricity KW - Evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1730045862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=The+water+implications+of+generating+electricity%3A+water+use+across+the+United+States+based+on+different+electricity+pathways+through+2050&rft.au=Macknick%2C+J%3BSattler%2C+S%3BAveryt%2C+K%3BClemmer%2C+S%3BRogers%2C+J&rft.aulast=Macknick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2012-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.issn=17489326&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F7%2F4%2F045803 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-03 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045803 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidative trends of TiO sub(2)-hole trapping at anatase and rutile surfaces AN - 1283720701; 17456907 AB - Understanding the nature of photogenerated carriers in a photocatalyst is central to understanding its photocatalytic performance. Based on density functional theory calculation we show that for TiO sub(2), the most popular photo-catalyst, the electron hole self-trapping leads to band gap states which position is dependent on the type of surface termination. Such variations in hole state energies can lead to differences in photocatalytic activity among rutile and anatase surface facets. We find that the calculated hole state energies correlate with photo-deposition and photo-etching rates. We anticipated that our results can aid the design of more reactive photo-catalysts based on TiO sub(2) and our approach can be utilized for other relevant photo-catalysts as well. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Zawadzki, Pawel AU - Laursen, Anders B AU - Jacobsen, Karsten Wedel AU - Dahl, Soeren AU - Rossmeisl, Jan AD - Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design; Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark; DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby; Denmark; , Pawel.Zawadzki@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/11// PY - 2012 DA - Nov 2012 SP - 9866 EP - 9869 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 5 IS - 12 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Density KW - Trapping KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1283720701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Oxidative+trends+of+TiO+sub%282%29-hole+trapping+at+anatase+and+rutile+surfaces&rft.au=Zawadzki%2C+Pawel%3BLaursen%2C+Anders+B%3BJacobsen%2C+Karsten+Wedel%3BDahl%2C+Soeren%3BRossmeisl%2C+Jan&rft.aulast=Zawadzki&rft.aufirst=Pawel&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=9866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc2ee22721e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Density; Trapping DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee22721e ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Catalyst Screening for Upgrading Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Vapors T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313122926; 6168889 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Nimlos, Mark AU - Mukarakate, Calvin AU - Richards, Ryan AU - Robichaud, David Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Catalysts KW - Biomass KW - Vapors KW - Pyrolysis KW - Screening UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313122926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Catalyst+Screening+for+Upgrading+Biomass+Fast+Pyrolysis+Vapors&rft.au=Nimlos%2C+Mark%3BMukarakate%2C+Calvin%3BRichards%2C+Ryan%3BRobichaud%2C+David&rft.aulast=Nimlos&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of Dilute Acid Pretreatment On Cellulose DP and Factors Related to Cellulose Digestibility T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313111601; 6169678 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Wang, Wei AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Mittal, Ashutosh AU - Katahira, Rui AU - Tucker, Melvin AU - Johnson, David Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Cellulose KW - Digestibility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313111601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Dilute+Acid+Pretreatment+On+Cellulose+DP+and+Factors+Related+to+Cellulose+Digestibility&rft.au=Wang%2C+Wei%3BChen%2C+Xiaowen%3BMittal%2C+Ashutosh%3BKatahira%2C+Rui%3BTucker%2C+Melvin%3BJohnson%2C+David&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Wei&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Investigation of Hemicellulase Inhibition in the Production of Bioethanol T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313109256; 6168868 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Kuhn, Erik AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Dibble, Clare AU - Shekiro, Joseph AU - Nagle, Nicholas AU - Elander, Richard Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313109256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+Hemicellulase+Inhibition+in+the+Production+of+Bioethanol&rft.au=Kuhn%2C+Erik%3BChen%2C+Xiaowen%3BDibble%2C+Clare%3BShekiro%2C+Joseph%3BNagle%2C+Nicholas%3BElander%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of Mechanical Refining On the Enzymatic Digestibility of Acid Pretreated Corn Stover T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313104824; 6170601 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Kuhn, Erik AU - Wang, Wei AU - Vinzant, Todd AU - Park, Sunkyu AU - Flanegan, Keith AU - Tucker, Melvin Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Corn KW - Digestibility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313104824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Mechanical+Refining+On+the+Enzymatic+Digestibility+of+Acid+Pretreated+Corn+Stover&rft.au=Chen%2C+Xiaowen%3BKuhn%2C+Erik%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BVinzant%2C+Todd%3BPark%2C+Sunkyu%3BFlanegan%2C+Keith%3BTucker%2C+Melvin&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Xiaowen&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Determining Dispersion in High-Solids Biomass Slurries T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313083671; 6170184 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Lischeske, James AU - Sprague, Michael AU - Stickel, Jonathan Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Slurries KW - Biomass KW - Dispersion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313083671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Determining+Dispersion+in+High-Solids+Biomass+Slurries&rft.au=Lischeske%2C+James%3BSprague%2C+Michael%3BStickel%2C+Jonathan&rft.aulast=Lischeske&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Identification of Molecular-Level Contributions to Processivity in Glycoside Hydrolases From Computational and Experimental Studies of Serratia Marcescens Chitinases T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313075721; 6170505 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Payne, Christina AU - Kuhn, Erik AU - Vaaje-Kolstad, Gustav AU - Eijsink, Vincent AU - Sorlie, Morten AU - Beckham, Gregg Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - hydrolase KW - Glycosides KW - Chitinase KW - glycoside hydrolase KW - Computer applications KW - Serratia marcescens UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313075721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Molecular-Level+Contributions+to+Processivity+in+Glycoside+Hydrolases+From+Computational+and+Experimental+Studies+of+Serratia+Marcescens+Chitinases&rft.au=Payne%2C+Christina%3BKuhn%2C+Erik%3BVaaje-Kolstad%2C+Gustav%3BEijsink%2C+Vincent%3BSorlie%2C+Morten%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Progress Toward Sustainable Biofuels - Pilot-Scale Demonstration of Integrated Cellulosic Ethanol Production T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313074574; 6169362 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Schell, Daniel Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Ethanol KW - Fuel technology KW - Sustainable development KW - Biofuels UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313074574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Progress+Toward+Sustainable+Biofuels+-+Pilot-Scale+Demonstration+of+Integrated+Cellulosic+Ethanol+Production&rft.au=Schell%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Schell&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vapor Phase Catalytic Upgrading of Model Biomass-Derived Oxygenate Compounds T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313035736; 6168433 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Yung, Matthew AU - Majlinger, Caitlin AU - Gomez, Elaine AU - Magrini, Kim Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Vapors KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313035736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Vapor+Phase+Catalytic+Upgrading+of+Model+Biomass-Derived+Oxygenate+Compounds&rft.au=Yung%2C+Matthew%3BMajlinger%2C+Caitlin%3BGomez%2C+Elaine%3BMagrini%2C+Kim&rft.aulast=Yung&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Examining the Variability of Load, Wind, and Solar Power in the Regulation Timeframe T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313035052; 6170519 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Hodge, Bri-Mathias AU - Florita, Anthony AU - Orwig, Kirsten Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Solar energy KW - Wind UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313035052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Examining+the+Variability+of+Load%2C+Wind%2C+and+Solar+Power+in+the+Regulation+Timeframe&rft.au=Hodge%2C+Bri-Mathias%3BFlorita%2C+Anthony%3BOrwig%2C+Kirsten&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Bri-Mathias&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Recent Improvements on Optimization Methods in a Tidal Current Turbine Optimal Design Tool T2 - OCEANS 2012 MTS/IEEE AN - 1313086229; 6173499 JF - OCEANS 2012 MTS/IEEE AU - Li, Ye AU - Yi, Jin-Hak AU - Sale, Danny Y1 - 2012/10/14/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 14 KW - Turbines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313086229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=OCEANS+2012+MTS%2FIEEE&rft.atitle=Recent+Improvements+on+Optimization+Methods+in+a+Tidal+Current+Turbine+Optimal+Design+Tool&rft.au=Li%2C+Ye%3BYi%2C+Jin-Hak%3BSale%2C+Danny&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Ye&rft.date=2012-10-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=OCEANS+2012+MTS%2FIEEE&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.oceans12mtsieeehamptonroads.org/docs/conference-program.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of predictive heat and mass transfer green roof model with extensive green roof field data AN - 1770373225; 18930486 AB - Green roof technology has been adopted in the United States as a specialized roofing system and as a sustainable technology capable of saving energy. Most of the previous thermal performance models for green roofs have had the main goal of quantifying these energy savings. However, until recently, none of the models had been fully validated with laboratory and experimental data including both heat flux and surface temperature data. A recently developed green roof thermal performance model was validated with detailed experimental data from a new experimental apparatus called a Cold Plate, which is specifically designed and built for that purpose. In order to further examine the accuracy of the model, this paper describes the dynamic validation of the model using field data from a green roof installed on a commercial roof in Chicago. The dynamic validation consists of comparing substrate surface temperature, heat flux through the roof, and net radiation. The validated results show that the green roof thermal model predicts the heat and mass transfer appropriately as long as the long-wave radiation data from a weather station are used to reduce a possible bias resulting from the sky condition. JF - Ecological Engineering AU - Tabares-Velasco, P C AU - Zhao, M AU - Peterson, N AU - Srebric, J AU - Berghage, R AD - Department of Architectural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, United States Y1 - 2012/10// PY - 2012 DA - October 2012 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 47 SN - 0925-8574, 0925-8574 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Heat flux KW - Mathematical models KW - Roofs KW - Energy conservation KW - Mass transfer KW - Dynamics KW - Surface temperature KW - Heat transfer UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1770373225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Engineering&rft.atitle=Validation+of+predictive+heat+and+mass+transfer+green+roof+model+with+extensive+green+roof+field+data&rft.au=Tabares-Velasco%2C+P+C%3BZhao%2C+M%3BPeterson%2C+N%3BSrebric%2C+J%3BBerghage%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tabares-Velasco&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Engineering&rft.issn=09258574&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing and Modeling Wind Power Forecast Errors from Operational Systems for Use in Wind Integration Planning Studies AN - 1257745274; 17426650 AB - An important consideration in wind power integration studies is the role that wind power forecasting will play in simulated high-penetration system operations. As no wind power forecast is perfect, an understanding of the forecast error distributions that are observed in current system operations is important for modeling the forecast errors that can be expected in future scenarios. In this work, we statistically characterize and model the wind power forecast errors from three different operational forecasting systems at multiple timescales. Comparisons are made with two methods that are commonly used in wind integration studies to represent wind power forecasting: the persistence model, and an assumed normal distribution of forecasting errors. A number of model distributions are fit to the operational system forecast errors and the accuracy of the model fits to extreme events is examined in detail. JF - Wind Engineering AU - Hodge, Bri-Mathias S AU - Ela, Erik G AU - Milligan, Michael AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401 USA Y1 - 2012/10// PY - 2012 DA - Oct 2012 SP - 509 EP - 524 PB - Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd., 5 Wates Way Brentwood Essex CM15 9TB United Kingdom VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0309-524X, 0309-524X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Wind energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1257745274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Engineering&rft.atitle=Characterizing+and+Modeling+Wind+Power+Forecast+Errors+from+Operational+Systems+for+Use+in+Wind+Integration+Planning+Studies&rft.au=Hodge%2C+Bri-Mathias+S%3BEla%2C+Erik+G%3BMilligan%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Bri-Mathias&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Engineering&rft.issn=0309524X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1260%2F0309-524X.36.5.509 L2 - http://multi-science.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&;id=Q37N0477037H4X67 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0309-524X.36.5.509 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of water intrusion on the charge-carrier dynamics, performance, and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells AN - 1125237676; 17317889 AB - We report on the influence of water on the charge-carrier dynamics, photocurrent density-photovoltage (J-V) properties, and stability of dye-sensitized TiO sub(2) solar cells (DSSCs) containing two different commonly used solvents. Adding water to the solvents was found to strongly alter the energy level alignments, retard recombination at the electrode-redox electrolyte interfaces, and increase the dark exchange current density. The added water had no effect on electron transport, however. The addition of water to the cells increased the photocurrent densities, photovoltages, and solar cell efficiencies but lowered the fill factors. Changes in the J-Vcharacteristics were shown to result from the effects of water on the energetics and kinetics of transport and recombination in the DSSCs. Regardless of the solvent used in the DSSCs, the added water had no observed effect on the cell stability during 1000 h of continuous illumination under full sunlight (AM1.5). JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Zhu, Kai AU - Jang, Song-Rim AU - Frank, Arthur J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 1617 Cole Blvd.; Golden; CO 80401; USA; +1 303 384 6150; +1 303 384 6262; , Arthur.Frank@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/10// PY - 2012 DA - Oct 2012 SP - 9492 EP - 9495 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 5 IS - 11 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Electrolytes KW - Solar cells KW - Kinetics KW - Solvents KW - Sunlight KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1125237676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+water+intrusion+on+the+charge-carrier+dynamics%2C+performance%2C+and+stability+of+dye-sensitized+solar+cells&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Kai%3BJang%2C+Song-Rim%3BFrank%2C+Arthur+J&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Kai&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=9492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc2ee22178k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Electrolytes; Kinetics; Solar cells; Solvents; Sunlight DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee22178k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photo-catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to organic acids by a recombinant cyanobacterium incapable of glycogen storage AN - 1125235481; 17317920 AB - Deletion of the gene encoding glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase ( Delta glgC) in the non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, Synechocystissp. PCC 6803, disables glycogen synthesis, arrests cellular biomass accumulation under nitrogen deficiency, and redirects photosynthetically fixed carbon to organic acids ( alpha -ketoglutarate and pyruvate) that appear in the extracellular medium. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Carrieri, Damian AU - Paddock, Troy AU - Maness, Pin-Ching AU - Seibert, Michael AU - Yu, Jianping AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Biosciences Center; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO; USA; +1 303 384 7839; +1 303 384 6252; , Jianping.Yu@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/10// PY - 2012 DA - Oct 2012 SP - 9457 EP - 9461 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 5 IS - 11 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Environment Abstracts KW - Organic acids KW - Biomass KW - Glycogen KW - Storage KW - Recombinants KW - organic acids KW - Gene deletion KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Carbon KW - Pyruvic acid KW - Arrests KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Nitrogen KW - Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase KW - Q1 08225:Genetics and evolution KW - K 03450:Ecology KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1125235481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Photo-catalytic+conversion+of+carbon+dioxide+to+organic+acids+by+a+recombinant+cyanobacterium+incapable+of+glycogen+storage&rft.au=Carrieri%2C+Damian%3BPaddock%2C+Troy%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching%3BSeibert%2C+Michael%3BYu%2C+Jianping&rft.aulast=Carrieri&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=9457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc2ee23181f LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Recombinants; Organic acids; Carbon dioxide; Glycogen; Gene deletion; organic acids; Pyruvic acid; Carbon; Biomass; Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase; Nitrogen; Storage; Arrests; Cyanobacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee23181f ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A direct numerical simulation study of turbulence and flame structure in transverse jets analysed in jet-trajectory based coordinates AN - 1356936078; 18059104 AB - A mixture averaged diffusion formulation that includes the effect of thermal diffusion is used along with a detailed chemical kinetics mechanism for hydrogen-air combustion. A new parametrization technique is used to describe the jet trajectory: solution of Laplace's equation upon, and then within, an opportune scalar surface anchored by Dirichlet boundary conditions at the jet nozzle and plume exit from the domain provides a smoothly varying field along the jet path. The surface is selected to describe the scalar mixing and reaction associated with a transverse jet. JF - Journal of Fluid Mechanics AU - Grout, R W AU - Gruber, A AU - Kolla, H AU - Bremer, P-T AU - Bennett, J C AU - Gyulassy, A AU - Chen, J H AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA, ray.grout@cantab.net Y1 - 2012/09/10/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Sep 10 SP - 351 EP - 383 PB - Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU United Kingdom VL - 706 SN - 0022-1120, 0022-1120 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Turbulent Flow KW - Laplace equations KW - Fuels KW - Correlations KW - Nozzles KW - Vortex shedding KW - turbulence KW - Vortexes KW - Mixing KW - Boundary conditions KW - Fluid mechanics KW - Turbulence KW - Laplace equation KW - Fuel KW - Shear KW - Turbulent flow KW - Boundary Conditions KW - Stabilizing KW - Numerical simulations KW - Chemical reactions KW - Standards KW - Enstrophy KW - Anchoring KW - Q2 09169:Fluid mechanics KW - M2 551.511:Mechanics and Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere (551.511) KW - SW 6070:Materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1356936078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fluid+Mechanics&rft.atitle=A+direct+numerical+simulation+study+of+turbulence+and+flame+structure+in+transverse+jets+analysed+in+jet-trajectory+based+coordinates&rft.au=Grout%2C+R+W%3BGruber%2C+A%3BKolla%2C+H%3BBremer%2C+P-T%3BBennett%2C+J+C%3BGyulassy%2C+A%3BChen%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Grout&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft.volume=706&rft.issue=&rft.spage=351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fluid+Mechanics&rft.issn=00221120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2Fjfm.2012.257 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluid mechanics; Chemical reactions; Fuels; Vortex shedding; Enstrophy; Anchoring; Stabilizing; Laplace equation; Turbulence; Turbulent flow; Numerical simulations; Laplace equations; Correlations; Vortexes; Boundary conditions; Shear; Turbulent Flow; Boundary Conditions; Nozzles; Standards; turbulence; Mixing; Fuel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.257 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sustained photosynthetic conversion of CO sub(2) to ethylene in recombinant cyanobacterium Synechocystis6803 AN - 1560116262; 20523333 AB - Ethylene is the most widely produced petrochemical feedstock globally. It is currently produced exclusively from fossil fuels, and its production is the largest CO sub(2)-emitting process in the chemical industry. In this study, we report on a photobiological process for sustained production of ethylene from CO sub(2). The efegene encoding an ethylene-forming enzyme from Pseudomonas syringae pv. Phaseolicolawas previously expressed in cyanobacterial strains, but was not stable. We modified the gene sequence to enhance its stability, and expressed it in Synechocystissp. PCC 6803, leading to continuous ethylene production. The same ethylene production rate was sustained across four successive sub-cultures without apparent loss of ethylene-forming ability. Up to 5.5% of the fixed carbon was directed to ethylene synthesis, surpassing the published carbon-partition rate into the TCA cycle. Nitrogen- and phosphorus-enriched seawater can support both growth and ethylene production. Factors limiting ethylene production, including efeexpression levels, light intensity and nutrient status, were identified and alleviated, resulting in a peak production rate of 5650 mu L L super(-1) h super(-1) (7125 mu g L super(-1) h super(-1), 252 mu mol L super(-1) h super(-1), or 171 mg L super(-1) day super(-1)), which is higher than that reported for other algae biofuels and chemicals. This study suggests that Synechocystis, expressing the modified efegene, has potential to be an efficient biological catalyst for the uptake and conversion of CO sub(2) to ethylene. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Ungerer, Justin AU - Tao, Ling AU - Davis, Mark AU - Ghirardi, Maria AU - Maness, Pin-Ching AU - Yu, Jianping AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401; USA; +1-303-384-7836; +1-303-384-6252; , Justin.Ungerer@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/09// PY - 2012 DA - Sep 2012 SP - 8998 EP - 9006 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 5 IS - 10 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Environment Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Photosynthesis KW - Seawater KW - Petrochemicals KW - Carbon KW - Marine environment KW - Catalysts KW - Tricarboxylic acid cycle KW - Nutrient status KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - Algae KW - Synechocystis KW - Light intensity KW - Fossil fuels KW - Enzymes KW - Chemical industry KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Energy KW - Uptake KW - Ethylene KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Biofuels KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - K 03450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1560116262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Sustained+photosynthetic+conversion+of+CO+sub%282%29+to+ethylene+in+recombinant+cyanobacterium+Synechocystis6803&rft.au=Ungerer%2C+Justin%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BDavis%2C+Mark%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching%3BYu%2C+Jianping&rft.aulast=Ungerer&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft.date=2012-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=8998&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc2ee22555g LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Last updated - 2015-09-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Light intensity; Fossil fuels; Enzymes; Carbon; Marine environment; Energy; Ethylene; Catalysts; Carbon dioxide; Tricarboxylic acid cycle; Nutrient status; Biofuels; Algae; Fuel technology; Photosynthesis; Seawater; Petrochemicals; Chemical industry; Uptake; Synechocystis; Cyanobacteria; Pseudomonas syringae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee22555g ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymatic Conversion of Xylan Residues from Dilute Acid-Pretreated Corn Stover AN - 1113213150; 17218553 AB - Enzymatic conversion of oligomeric xylose and insoluble xylan remaining after effective pretreatment offers significant potential to improve xylan-to-xylose yields while minimizing yields of degredation products and fermentation inhibitors. In this work, a commercial enzyme cocktail is demonstrated to convert up to 70 % of xylo-oligomers found in dilute acid-pretreated hydrolyzate liquor at varying levels of dilution when supplemented with accessory enzymes targeting common side chains. Commercial enzyme cocktails are also shown to convert roughly 80 % of insoluble xylan remaining after effective high-solids, dilute acid pretreatment. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Shekiro, Joseph AU - Kuhn, Erik M AU - Selig, Michael J AU - Nagle, Nicholas J AU - Decker, Stephen R AU - Elander, Richard T AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA, joseph.shekiro@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/09// PY - 2012 DA - September 2012 SP - 421 EP - 433 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 168 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Xylose KW - Xylan KW - Fermentation KW - Enzymes KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1113213150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Enzymatic+Conversion+of+Xylan+Residues+from+Dilute+Acid-Pretreated+Corn+Stover&rft.au=Shekiro%2C+Joseph%3BKuhn%2C+Erik+M%3BSelig%2C+Michael+J%3BNagle%2C+Nicholas+J%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R%3BElander%2C+Richard+T&rft.aulast=Shekiro&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2012-09-01&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12010-012-9786-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xylose; Fermentation; Xylan; Enzymes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9786-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data Clustering Reveals Climate Impacts on Local Wind Phenomena AN - 1038612909; 17101437 AB - The authors demonstrate the utility of k-means clustering for identifying relationships between winds at turbine heights and climate oscillations, thereby developing a method suited for predicting the impacts of climate change on wind resources. Fourteen years of data from an 80-m tower at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) in Colorado have been reduced to four dominant flow phenomena using k-means clustering. At this location, this method identifies two clusters of westerly inflow (strong and weak), another cluster of flow from the north, and one of flow from the south. Similar clusters are found for the data at all heights on the tower, and each follow distinct seasonal cycles. Time series of each cluster, as well as the mean wind speed at the NWTC, are retained for comparison with climate oscillations along with the local 500-hPa pressure gradient. The mean wind speed in the surface layer is strongly correlated with the local north-south pressure gradient. The frequency of strong westerly flow is also negatively correlated with the Nino-3.4 index, whereas weaker westerly winds are negatively correlated with the Pacific-North American pattern (PNA) and Arctic Oscillation (AO). Northerly winds at the NWTC did not strongly correlate with any of the investigated climate indices (AO, PNA, and Nino-3.4). These northerly winds occur more frequently in the summer months, suggesting that these winds are more influenced by local conditions than by mesoscale forcing. This method of identifying clusters in wind data allows objective identification of wind phenomena that may benefit the deployment of wind turbines, for example, in choosing combinations of wind speed and direction to investigate for turbine siting. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology AU - Clifton, Andrew AU - Lundquist, Julie K AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado Y1 - 2012/08// PY - 2012 DA - August 2012 SP - 1547 EP - 1557 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 United States VL - 51 IS - 8 SN - 1558-8424, 1558-8424 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Mean winds KW - Climate change KW - Westerlies KW - Summer KW - Surface layers KW - Time series analysis KW - Utilities KW - Wind turbines KW - Wind speed KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Climatology KW - Arctic KW - Seasonal variations KW - Wind KW - Arctic Oscillation KW - Climates KW - Velocity KW - Local winds KW - Polar environments KW - PN, Arctic KW - Turbines KW - USA, Colorado KW - Wind energy KW - Resource development KW - Benefits KW - Wind data KW - Pressure gradients KW - Q2 09242:Observations and measurements at sea KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - O 6020:Offshore Engineering and Operations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038612909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.atitle=Data+Clustering+Reveals+Climate+Impacts+on+Local+Wind+Phenomena&rft.au=Clifton%2C+Andrew%3BLundquist%2C+Julie+K&rft.aulast=Clifton&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.issn=15588424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2FJAMC-D-11-0227.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind speed; Turbines; Climate change; Westerlies; Surface layers; Climatology; Resource development; Pressure gradients; Wind data; Wind turbines; Mean winds; Arctic Oscillation; Local winds; Time series analysis; Sulfur dioxide; Wind energy; Velocity; Summer; Polar environments; Seasonal variations; Climates; Benefits; Arctic; Utilities; Wind; PN, Arctic; USA, Colorado DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0227.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of low-level impurities on low-temperature performance properties of biodiesel AN - 1038610660; 17094455 AB - Biodiesel, a renewable fuel consisting of fatty acid methyl esters and made from lipid feedstocks, has presented persistent cold weather operability problems that are not predicted using the standards tests common in the petroleum refining industry. These problems have been referred to as "precipitate formation above cloud point" and are known to be caused by minor impurities. This study investigates the fundamental causes of this issue. To this end, water, steryl glucosides (SG), and saturated monoglycerides (SMGs) were spiked into 100% biodiesel (B100) from various feedstock sources. Only SMGs were found to have a significant effect on the cloud point (CP) and final melting temperature (FMT) in four B100 samples with a range of CP. A large difference between FMT and CP indicates that a metastable phase of SMG forms initially and can transform into a more stable, less soluble polymorph over time or upon heating. This occurred for SMG content above approximately 0.2 to 0.3 wt%. For more saturated B100, a large FMT-CP difference was only observed at slower heating rates, suggesting a slower rate of phase transformation. beta -monostearin solubility (the most stable phase) in B100 was measured as a function of temperature. CP measurements suggest the metastable phase is as much as 10 times more soluble than the beta phase. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments suggest that the metastable phase is a hydrated alpha -gel. SMGs at concentrations above 0.24 wt% caused failure of the cold soak filtration test (ASTM D7501); however, at higher water concentrations ( similar to 1200 ppm), the effect of SMGs was significantly reduced. Addition of SGs had no effect on cold soak filterability. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Chupka, G M AU - Fouts, L AU - McCormick, R L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO; USA 80401 Y1 - 2012/08// PY - 2012 DA - Aug 2012 SP - 8734 EP - 8742 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 5 IS - 9 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Lipids KW - Melting KW - Testing Procedures KW - Weather KW - Solubility KW - Temperature KW - Esters KW - Clouds KW - Filtration KW - Heating KW - Renewable energy KW - Fatty acids KW - Calorimetry KW - Biofuels KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038610660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+low-level+impurities+on+low-temperature+performance+properties+of+biodiesel&rft.au=Chupka%2C+G+M%3BFouts%2C+L%3BMcCormick%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Chupka&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=8734&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc2ee22565d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weather; Filtration; Renewable energy; Lipids; Fatty acids; Temperature; Calorimetry; Esters; Biofuels; Melting; Testing Procedures; Clouds; Solubility; Heating DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee22565d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Techno-economics for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol by indirect gasification and mixed alcohol synthesis AN - 1776660611; PQ0002796028 AB - This techno-economic study investigates the production of ethanol and a higher alcohols coproduct by conversion of lignocelluosic biomass to syngas via indirect gasification followed by gas-to-liquids synthesis over a precommercial heterogeneous catalyst. The design specifies a processing capacity of 2,205 dry U.S. tons (2,000 dry metric tonnes) of woody biomass per day and incorporates 2012 research targets from NREL and other sources for technologies that will facilitate the future commercial production of cost-competitive ethanol. Major processes include indirect steam gasification, syngas cleanup, and catalytic synthesis of mixed alcohols, and ancillary processes include feed handling and drying, alcohol separation, steam and power generation, cooling water, and other operations support utilities. The design and analysis is based on research at NREL, other national laboratories, and The Dow Chemical Company, and it incorporates commercial technologies, process modeling using Aspen Plus software, equipment cost estimation, and discounted cash flow analysis. The design considers the economics of ethanol production assuming successful achievement of internal research targets and n super(th)-plant costs and financing. The design yields 83.8 gallons of ethanol and 10.1 gallons of higher-molecular-weight alcohols per U.S. ton of biomass feedstock. A rigorous sensitivity analysis captures uncertainties in costs and plant performance. copyright 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012 JF - Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy AU - Dutta, Abhijit AU - Talmadge, Michael AU - Hensley, Jesse AU - Worley, Matt AU - Dudgeon, Doug AU - Barton, David AU - Groenendijk, Peter AU - Ferrari, Daniela AU - Stears, Brien AU - Searcy, Erin AU - Wright, Christopher AU - Hess, JRichard AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO. Y1 - 2012/07// PY - 2012 DA - July 2012 SP - 182 EP - 190 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 1944-7442, 1944-7442 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776660611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.atitle=Techno-economics+for+conversion+of+lignocellulosic+biomass+to+ethanol+by+indirect+gasification+and+mixed+alcohol+synthesis&rft.au=Dutta%2C+Abhijit%3BTalmadge%2C+Michael%3BHensley%2C+Jesse%3BWorley%2C+Matt%3BDudgeon%2C+Doug%3BBarton%2C+David%3BGroenendijk%2C+Peter%3BFerrari%2C+Daniela%3BStears%2C+Brien%3BSearcy%2C+Erin%3BWright%2C+Christopher%3BHess%2C+JRichard&rft.aulast=Dutta&rft.aufirst=Abhijit&rft.date=2012-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.issn=19447442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fep.10625 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.10625 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pyramidal light trapping and hydrogen passivation for high-efficiency heteroepitaxial (100) crystal silicon solar cells AN - 1034824540; 17013218 AB - We report growth and characterization of heteroepitaxial silicon solar cells on sapphire to demonstrate the promise of heteroepitaxial crystal silicon (c-Si) film photovoltaics on inexpensive substrates coated with chemically inert crystalline buffer layers such as Al sub(2)O sub(3). Our work isolates and addresses critical material and light-trapping issues that must be solved to develop film c-Si solar cells. Microscopy reveals high dislocation densities and other crystalline defects in the silicon layers, and these defects limit the unhydrogenated devices with a 1.5 mu m absorber layer to below 1% sunlight-to-electricity conversion efficiency. By exposing an identical device to atomic H from a remote plasma, we demonstrate a 5.2% efficient device with dramatically improved quantum efficiency (QE) and open circuit voltage, as the minority carrier diffusion length increases from similar to 1 mu m to similar to 4.5 mu m. When we incorporate both hydrogen passivation and top surface pyramidal light trapping we further improve the QE and achieve 6.8% efficiency. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Teplin, Charles W AU - Lee, Benjamin G AU - Fanning, Thomas R AU - Wang, Jim AU - Grover, Sachit AU - Hasoon, Falah AU - Bauer, Russell AU - Bornstein, Jon AU - Schroeter, Paul AU - Branz, Howard M AD - National Renewable Energy Lab; Golden; CO 80401; USA; , Charles.Teplin@NREL.gov Y1 - 2012/07// PY - 2012 DA - Jul 2012 SP - 8193 EP - 8198 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 5 IS - 8 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Silicon KW - Solar cells KW - Buffers KW - Microscopy KW - Diffusion KW - Hydrogen KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034824540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Pyramidal+light+trapping+and+hydrogen+passivation+for+high-efficiency+heteroepitaxial+%28100%29+crystal+silicon+solar+cells&rft.au=Teplin%2C+Charles+W%3BLee%2C+Benjamin+G%3BFanning%2C+Thomas+R%3BWang%2C+Jim%3BGrover%2C+Sachit%3BHasoon%2C+Falah%3BBauer%2C+Russell%3BBornstein%2C+Jon%3BSchroeter%2C+Paul%3BBranz%2C+Howard+M&rft.aulast=Teplin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2012-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=8193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc2ee21936k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Silicon; Buffers; Solar cells; Microscopy; Diffusion; Hydrogen DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee21936k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The subtle chemistry of colloidal, quantum-confined semiconductor nanostructures. AN - 1022378366; 22702739 AB - Nanoscale colloidal semiconductor structures with at least one dimension small enough to experience quantum confinement effects have captured the imagination and attention of scientists interested in controlling various chemical and photophysical processes. Aside from having desirable quantum confinement properties, colloidal nanocrystals are attractive because they are often synthesized in low-temperature, low-cost, and potentially scalable manners using simple benchtop reaction baths. Considerable progress in producing a variety of shapes, compositions, and complex structures has been achieved. However, there are challenges to overcome in order for these novel materials to reach their full potential and become new drivers for commercial applications. The final shape, composition, nanocrystal-ligand structure, and size can depend on a delicate interplay of precursors, surface ligands, and other compounds that may or may not participate in the reaction. In this Perspective, we discuss current efforts toward better understanding how the reactivity of the reagents can be used to produce unique and complex nanostructures. JF - ACS nano AU - Hughes, Barbara K AU - Luther, Joseph M AU - Beard, Matthew C AD - Chemical and Material Sciences, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. Y1 - 2012/06/26/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Jun 26 SP - 4573 EP - 4579 VL - 6 IS - 6 KW - Colloids KW - 0 KW - Macromolecular Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - Quantum Theory KW - Equipment Design KW - Equipment Failure Analysis KW - Particle Size KW - Crystallization -- methods KW - Molecular Conformation KW - Materials Testing KW - Macromolecular Substances -- chemistry KW - Surface Properties KW - Colloids -- chemistry KW - Semiconductors KW - Nanoparticles -- ultrastructure KW - Nanoparticles -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1022378366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+nano&rft.atitle=The+subtle+chemistry+of+colloidal%2C+quantum-confined+semiconductor+nanostructures.&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Barbara+K%3BLuther%2C+Joseph+M%3BBeard%2C+Matthew+C&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2012-06-26&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=4573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+nano&rft.issn=1936-086X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fnn302286w LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2012-11-07 N1 - Date created - 2012-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn302286w ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Clarifying estimates of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation technologies: the LCA harmonization project T2 - 22nd Annual Meeting of the Europe branch of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC 2012) AN - 1313009752; 6154492 JF - 22nd Annual Meeting of the Europe branch of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC 2012) AU - Heath, G AU - Mann, M AU - Warner, E AU - Dolan, S AU - O'Donoughue, P AU - Hsu, D AU - Burkhardt, J AU - Whitaker, M AU - Fthenakis, V AU - Kim, H AU - Vorum, M AU - Sawyer, P AU - Cohen, E Y1 - 2012/05/20/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 May 20 KW - Life cycle KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Technology KW - Emissions KW - Electricity KW - Climatic changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313009752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=22nd+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Europe+branch+of+the+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+%28SETAC+2012%29&rft.atitle=Clarifying+estimates+of+life+cycle+greenhouse+gas+emissions+from+electricity+generation+technologies%3A+the+LCA+harmonization+project&rft.au=Heath%2C+G%3BMann%2C+M%3BWarner%2C+E%3BDolan%2C+S%3BO%27Donoughue%2C+P%3BHsu%2C+D%3BBurkhardt%2C+J%3BWhitaker%2C+M%3BFthenakis%2C+V%3BKim%2C+H%3BVorum%2C+M%3BSawyer%2C+P%3BCohen%2C+E&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2012-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=22nd+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Europe+branch+of+the+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+%28SETAC+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://berlin.setac.eu/scientific_programme/download_the_abstracts_book/?contentid=582&pr_id=403&last=435 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biaxially-textured photovoltaic film crystal silicon on ion beam assisted deposition CaF sub(2) seed layers on glass AN - 1560108366; 20523256 AB - We grow biaxially textured heteroepitaxial crystal silicon (c-Si) films on display glass as a low-cost photovoltaic material. We first fabricate textured CaF sub(2) seed layers using ion-beam assisted deposition, then coat the CaF sub(2) with a thin, evaporated epitaxial Ge buffer and finally deposit heteroepitaxial silicon on the Ge. The silicon is grown by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition, a high-rate, scalable epitaxy technology. Electron and X-ray diffraction confirm the biaxial texture of the CaF sub(2) and epitaxial growth of the subsequent layers. Transmission electron microscopy reveals columnar silicon grains about 500 nm across. We fabricate a proof-of-concept epitaxial film c-Si solar cell with an open circuit voltage of 375 mV that is limited by minority carrier lifetime. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Groves, James R AU - Li, Joel B AU - Clemens, Bruce M AU - LaSalvia, Vincenzo AU - Hasoon, Falah AU - Branz, Howard M AU - Teplin, Charles W AD - Stanford University; Stanford; CA; 94305; USA; , Charles.Teplin@NREL.gov Y1 - 2012/04// PY - 2012 DA - Apr 2012 SP - 6905 EP - 6908 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Silicon KW - Vapors KW - Buffers KW - Solar cells KW - Energy KW - Microscopy KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Grains KW - Technology KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1560108366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Biaxially-textured+photovoltaic+film+crystal+silicon+on+ion+beam+assisted+deposition+CaF+sub%282%29+seed+layers+on+glass&rft.au=Groves%2C+James+R%3BLi%2C+Joel+B%3BClemens%2C+Bruce+M%3BLaSalvia%2C+Vincenzo%3BHasoon%2C+Falah%3BBranz%2C+Howard+M%3BTeplin%2C+Charles+W&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2012-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=6905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc2ee21097e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vapors; Silicon; Energy; Solar cells; Buffers; Microscopy; Grains; X-ray diffraction; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee21097e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Doping and Co-Doping of Bandgap-Engineered ZnO Films for Solar Driven Hydrogen Production AN - 1372608096; 18029328 AB - The co-doped ZnO:(Al,N) and ZnO:(Ga,N) films were deposited by co-sputtering using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering on F-doped tinoxide-coated glass. We found that the ZnO:(Al,N) and ZnO:(Ga,N) films exhibited greatly enhanced crystallinity compared to ZnO:N films doped by pure N and grown at the same conditions. Furthermore, the ZnO:(Al,N) and ZnO:(Ga,N) films showed much higher N-incorporation than ZnO:N films grown with pure N doping. As a result, the ZnO:(Ga,N) films showed significantly higher photocurrents than ZnO:N doped only by N. The ZnO:(Cu,Ga) films were synthesized by RF magnetron sputtering in O2 gas ambient at room temperature and then annealed at 500 degree C in air for 2 hours. We found that the carrier concentration tuning does not significantly change the bandgap and crystallinity of the ZnO:Cu films. However, it can optimize the carrier concentration and thus dramatically enhance PEC response for the bandgap-reduced p-type ZnO thin films. JF - AIP Conference Proceedings AU - Shet, Sudhakar AU - Ravindra, Nuggehalli AU - Yan, Yanfa AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2012/03/15/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Mar 15 PB - American Institute of Physics, Ste. 1NO1 Melville NY 11747-4502 United States SN - 0094-243X, 0094-243X KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Conferences KW - Zinc KW - Temperature KW - Hydrogen KW - Technology KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1372608096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=AIP+Conference+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Doping+and+Co-Doping+of+Bandgap-Engineered+ZnO+Films+for+Solar+Driven+Hydrogen+Production&rft.au=Shet%2C+Sudhakar%3BRavindra%2C+Nuggehalli%3BYan%2C+Yanfa%3BAl-Jassim%2C+Mowafak&rft.aulast=Shet&rft.aufirst=Sudhakar&rft.date=2012-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIP+Conference+Proceedings&rft.issn=0094243X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conferences; Zinc; Temperature; Hydrogen; Technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A heat transfer model for assessment of plant based roofing systems in summer conditions AN - 918048225; 16076372 AB - This paper presents a quasi-steady state heat and mass transfer green roof model that can be incorporated in different energy simulation software or calculation procedures. The model considers heat and mass transfer processes between the sky, plants, and substrate. This paper also presents new equations to calculate (1) substrate thermal conductivity for green roofs, (2) substrate resistance to calculate green roof soil evaporation, (3) and set of compiled stomatal resistance functions to calculate plants' transpiration. The model is validated with robust experimental data that consists of surface temperatures, conduction heat flux, convection heat flux, net radiation and evapotranspiration. The data was obtained from laboratory experiments using a new "Cold Plate" apparatus set in an environmental chamber. The validation shows that the model predicts the heat and mass transfer accurately, except that it tends to underestimate peak evapotranspiration rates. JF - Building and Environment AU - Tabares-Velasco, Paulo Cesar AU - Srebric, Jelena AD - Department of Architectural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 222 Engineering Unit A, University Park, PA 16802-1417, United States, paulo.tabares@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/03// PY - 2012 DA - Mar 2012 SP - 310 EP - 323 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom VL - 49 SN - 0360-1323, 0360-1323 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Green roof KW - Heat and mass fluxes KW - Vegetated roof KW - Building energy KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Soil evaporation KW - Soil KW - Computer programs KW - Evaporation KW - thermal conductivity KW - summer KW - Simulation KW - green development KW - convection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 05:Environmental Design & Urban Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918048225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Building+and+Environment&rft.atitle=A+heat+transfer+model+for+assessment+of+plant+based+roofing+systems+in+summer+conditions&rft.au=Tabares-Velasco%2C+Paulo+Cesar%3BSrebric%2C+Jelena&rft.aulast=Tabares-Velasco&rft.aufirst=Paulo&rft.date=2012-03-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Building+and+Environment&rft.issn=03601323&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.buildenv.2011.07.019 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Computer programs; thermal conductivity; Evaporation; Simulation; summer; Evapotranspiration; convection; green development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.07.019 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure and function of the Clostridium thermocellum cellobiohydrolase A X1-module repeat: enhancement through stabilization of the CbhA complex AN - 1038307246; 16885274 AB - The efficient deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass remains a significant barrier to the commercialization of biofuels. Whereas most commercial plant cell-wall-degrading enzyme preparations used today are derived from fungi, the cellulosomal enzyme system from Clostridium thermocellum is an equally effective catalyst, yet of considerably different structure. A key difference between fungal enzyme systems and cellulosomal enzyme systems is that cellulosomal enzyme systems utilize self-assembled scaffolded multimodule enzymes to deconstruct biomass. Here, the possible function of the X1 modules in the complex multimodular enzyme system cellobiohydrolase A (CbhA) from C. thermocellum is explored. The crystal structures of the two X1 modules from C. thermocellum CbhA have been solved individually and together as one construct. The role that calcium may play in the stability of the X1 modules has also been investigated, as well as the possibility that they interact with each other. Furthermore, the results show that whereas the X1 modules do not seem to act as cellulose disruptors, they do aid in the thermostability of the CbhA complex, effectively allowing it to deconstruct cellulose at a higher temperature. JF - Acta Crystallographica Section D AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Alahuhta, Markus AU - Bomble, Yannick J AU - Xu, Qi AU - Baker, John O AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Lunin, Vladimir V AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2012/03/01/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Mar 01 SP - 292 EP - 299 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0907-4449, 0907-4449 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Calcium KW - Fungi KW - Cellulose KW - Enzymes KW - Clostridium thermocellum KW - Biomass KW - cellobiohydrolase KW - Structure-function relationships KW - Crystal structure KW - Catalysts KW - Thermal stability KW - Biofuels KW - J 02330:Biochemistry KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038307246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Crystallographica+Section+D&rft.atitle=Structure+and+function+of+the+Clostridium+thermocellum+cellobiohydrolase+A+X1-module+repeat%3A+enhancement+through+stabilization+of+the+CbhA+complex&rft.au=Brunecky%2C+Roman%3BAlahuhta%2C+Markus%3BBomble%2C+Yannick+J%3BXu%2C+Qi%3BBaker%2C+John+O%3BDing%2C+Shi-You%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BLunin%2C+Vladimir+V&rft.aulast=Brunecky&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft.date=2012-03-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Crystallographica+Section+D&rft.issn=09074449&rft_id=info:doi/10.1107%2FS0907444912001680 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Document feature - figure 0 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Calcium; Structure-function relationships; Fungi; Cellulose; Crystal structure; Enzymes; Thermal stability; Catalysts; Biomass; Biofuels; cellobiohydrolase; Clostridium thermocellum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444912001680 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic and Technical Analysis of a Reverse-Osmosis Water Desalination Plant Using DEEP-3.2 Software AN - 1017969190; 16736395 AB - Reverse osmosis (RO) is proved to be the most reliable, cost effective, and energy efficient in producing fresh water compared to other desalination technologies. It is the fastest-growing desalination technology with a greater number of installations around the world. The economic and technical performance of a medium-capacity RO desalination plant (2,000 m super(3)/day) proposed to be installed in Umm Qasr city south of Basra, Iraq is analyzed using DEEP-3.2 software created by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). This port city is located on the Gulf shore and does not have any fresh water resources. The analysis shows that the cost of fresh water produced by this plant is US$0.986/m super(3) with a good quality of fresh water (279 ppm), which is a reasonable price for this remote area. The analysis also shows an increase in water production cost of about 12% at increased electricity price from 0.06 to 0.1 US$/kWh, 5.3% when the seawater salinity increased from 35,000 to 45,000 ppm, 2.5% when the seawater temperature decreased from 33 degree C to 20 degree C, and 0.71% when the interest rate increased from 0% to 5%. Pumping fresh water from the Basra purification plant (located 175 km north of Umm Qasr) is 22.16 times the cost and 236.7% poorer quality than the fresh water produced by the RO plant. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering A AU - Al-Karaghouli, A AU - Kazmerski, L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA, Ali.Al-Qaraghuli@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/03// PY - 2012 DA - Mar 2012 SP - 318 EP - 328 PB - David Publishing Company, 1840 Industrial Drive Suite 160 Libertyville Illinois 60048 United States VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 2162-5298, 2162-5298 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Computer programs KW - ISW, Iraq KW - Salinity KW - Seawater KW - Desalination plants KW - Economics KW - Desalination KW - Technology KW - Urban areas KW - interest rates KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017969190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Engineering+A&rft.atitle=Economic+and+Technical+Analysis+of+a+Reverse-Osmosis+Water+Desalination+Plant+Using+DEEP-3.2+Software&rft.au=Al-Karaghouli%2C+A%3BKazmerski%2C+L&rft.aulast=Al-Karaghouli&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2012-03-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Engineering+A&rft.issn=21625298&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; Salinity; Desalination plants; Seawater; Economics; Desalination; interest rates; Urban areas; Technology; ISW, Iraq ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transmission electron microscopy of chalcogenide thin-film photovoltaic materials AN - 1777131690; 16085104 AB - Thin-film photovoltaic modules hold great promise to produce sustainable, low-cost, and clean electricity from sunlight, because thin-film solar cells can potentially be fabricated by economical, high-volume manufacturing techniques. However, to achieve high sunlight-to-electricity conversion efficiency, thin-film solar cells require sophisticated control on interface formation and materials qualities. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides unique methods to access this information at the nanometer scale. In this paper, we provide a brief review on TEM studies of the interfaces, microstructure, and lattice defects in chalcogenide thin-film photovoltaic materials. We analyze the potential effects of the observed interface formation and materials quality that could affect the performance of solar cells. JF - Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science AU - Yan, Yanfa AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA Yanfa.yan@utoledo.edu Y1 - 2012/02// PY - 2012 DA - February 2012 SP - 39 EP - 44 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 1359-0286, 1359-0286 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); METADEX (MD); Advanced Polymers Abstracts (EP); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Composites Industry Abstracts (ED); Engineered Materials Abstracts, Ceramics (EC) KW - TEM KW - Photovoltaic KW - Solar cell KW - CdTe KW - CIGS KW - Interface KW - Defect KW - Chalcogenides KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Solar cells KW - Economics KW - Conversion KW - Crystal defects KW - Photovoltaic cells KW - Electron microscopy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777131690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Solid+State+%26+Materials+Science&rft.atitle=Transmission+electron+microscopy+of+chalcogenide+thin-film+photovoltaic+materials&rft.au=Yan%2C+Yanfa%3BAl-Jassim%2C+Mowafak+M&rft.aulast=Yan&rft.aufirst=Yanfa&rft.date=2012-02-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Solid+State+%26+Materials+Science&rft.issn=13590286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cossms.2011.10.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2011.10.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentation of Reactive-Membrane-Extracted and Ammonium-Hydroxide-Conditioned Dilute-Acid-Pretreated Corn Stover AN - 926905520; 16370623 AB - Acid-pretreated biomass contains various compounds (acetic acid, etc.) that are inhibitory to fermentative microorganisms. Removing or deactivating these compounds using detoxification methods such as overliming or ammonium hydroxide conditioning (AHC) improves sugar-to-ethanol yields. In this study, we treated the liquor fraction of dilute-acid-pretreated corn stover using AHC and a new reactive membrane extraction technique, both separately and in combination, and then the sugars in the treated liquors were fermented to ethanol with the glucose-xylose-fermenting bacterium, Zymomonas mobilis 8b. We performed reactive extraction with mixtures of octanol/Alamine 336 or oleyl alcohol/Alamine 336. The best ethanol yields and rates were achieved for oleyl alcohol-extracted hydrolysates followed by AHC hydrolysates, while octanol-extracted hydrolysates were unfermentable because highly toxic octanol was found in the hydrolysate. Adding olive oil significantly improved yields for octanol-extracted hydrolysate. Additional work is underway to determine if this technology is a cost-effective alternative to traditional hydrolysate conditioning processes. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Grzenia, David L AU - Wickramasinghe, SRanil AU - Schell, Daniel J AD - Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-2370, USA, dan.schell@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/01// PY - 2012 DA - Jan 2012 SP - 470 EP - 478 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 166 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Detoxification KW - Olea KW - Sugar KW - Ammonium KW - Fermentation KW - Olive oil KW - Biomass KW - Acetic acid KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - octanol KW - Microorganisms KW - Hydrolysates KW - Ethanol KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/926905520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Fermentation+of+Reactive-Membrane-Extracted+and+Ammonium-Hydroxide-Conditioned+Dilute-Acid-Pretreated+Corn+Stover&rft.au=Grzenia%2C+David+L%3BWickramasinghe%2C+SRanil%3BSchell%2C+Daniel+J&rft.aulast=Grzenia&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=166&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12010-011-9442-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Detoxification; Ammonium; Sugar; Fermentation; octanol; Microorganisms; Biomass; Olive oil; Acetic acid; Hydrolysates; Ethanol; Olea; Zymomonas mobilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-011-9442-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimate of geothermal energy resource in major U.S. sedimentary basins AN - 1420506364; 2013-062674 AB - Recently, there has been renewed interest in recovering the geothermal energy stored in sedimentary basins for electricity production. Because most sedimentary basins have been explored for oil and gas, well logs, temperatures at depth, and reservoir properties are known. This reduces exploration risk and allows development of geologic exploration models for each basin as well as a relative assessment of geologic risk elements for each play. This study estimates the magnitude of recoverable geothermal energy from fifteen major known US sedimentary basins and ranks these basins relative to their potential. The total available thermal resource for each basin was estimated using the volumetric heat-in-place method originally proposed by Muffler(1) (USGS), and a recovery factor was used to estimate the size of the recoverable thermal resource. Total sedimentary thickness maps, stratigraphic columns, cross sections, and temperature gradient Information was gathered for each basin from published articles, USGS reports, and state geological survey reports. When published data was insufficient, thermal gradients and reservoir properties were derived from oil and gas well logs obtained on oil and gas commission websites. Basin stratigraphy, structural history, and groundwater circulation patterns were studied in order to develop a model that estimates resource size, temperature distribution and a probable recovery factor. The resource estimate will be used to develop an alternative sedimentary basin supply curve. (1) Muffler, L.P.J., and Cataldi, R., 1978, Methods for regional assessment of geothermal resources: Geothermics, v. 7, p. 53-89. JF - Abstracts: Annual Meeting - American Association of Petroleum Geologists AU - Porro, Colleen AU - Augustine, Chad AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2012 PY - 2012 DA - 2012 EP - unpaginated PB - American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, OK VL - 2012 KW - United States KW - well logs KW - sedimentary basins KW - petroleum KW - mapping KW - recovery KW - temperature KW - models KW - geothermal energy KW - geothermal exploration KW - potential deposits KW - energy sources KW - heat flow KW - basins KW - risk assessment KW - reservoir properties KW - geothermal gradient KW - stratigraphic columns KW - cross sections KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1420506364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts%3A+Annual+Meeting+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.atitle=Estimate+of+geothermal+energy+resource+in+major+U.S.+sedimentary+basins&rft.au=Porro%2C+Colleen%3BAugustine%2C+Chad%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Porro&rft.aufirst=Colleen&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=2012&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts%3A+Annual+Meeting+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2012/90142ace/abstracts/por.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2012 AAPG annual convention & exhibition N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2013-08-15 N1 - CODEN - #06983 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basins; cross sections; energy sources; geothermal energy; geothermal exploration; geothermal gradient; heat flow; mapping; models; petroleum; potential deposits; recovery; reservoir properties; risk assessment; sedimentary basins; stratigraphic columns; temperature; United States; well logs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved ethanol yield and reduced minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) by modifying low severity dilute acid pretreatment with deacetylation and mechanical refining: 2) Techno-economic analysis AN - 1328513013; 17391822 AB - Background: Our companion paper discussed the yield benefits achieved by integrating deacetylation, mechanical refining, and washing with low acid and low temperature pretreatment. To evaluate the impact of the modified process on the economic feasibility, a techno-economic analysis (TEA) was performed based on the experimental data presented in the companion paper. Results: The cost benefits of dilute acid pretreatment technology combined with the process alternatives of deacetylation, mechanical refining, and pretreated solids washing were evaluated using cost benefit analysis within a conceptual modeling framework. Control cases were pretreated at much lower acid loadings and temperatures than used those in the NREL 2011 design case, resulting in much lower annual ethanol production. Therefore, the minimum ethanol selling prices (MESP) of the control cases were $0.41-$0.77 higher than the $2.15/gallon MESP of the design case. This increment is highly dependent on the carbohydrate content in the corn stover. However, if pretreatment was employed with either deacetylation or mechanical refining, the MESPs were reduced by $0.23-$0.30/gallon. Combing both steps could lower the MESP further by $0.44 ~ $0.54. Washing of the pretreated solids could also greatly improve the final ethanol yields. However, the large capital cost of the solid-liquid separation unit negatively influences the process economics. Finally, sensitivity analysis was performed to study the effect of the cost of the pretreatment reactor and the energy input for mechanical refining. A 50% cost reduction in the pretreatment reactor cost reduced the MESP of the entire conversion process by $0.11-$0.14/gallon, while a 10-fold increase in energy input for mechanical refining will increase the MESP by $0.07/gallon. Conclusion: Deacetylation and mechanical refining process options combined with low acid, low severity pretreatments show improvements in ethanol yields and calculated MESP for cellulosic ethanol production. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Tao, Ling AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Aden, Andy AU - Kuhn, Eric AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Tucker, Melvin AU - Franden, Mary Ann A AU - Zhang, Min AU - Johnson, David K AU - Dowe, Nancy AU - Elander, Richard T AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA Y1 - 2012 PY - 2012 DA - 2012 SP - 69 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Techno-economic analysis KW - Biofuel KW - Integrated process KW - Pretreatment KW - Mechanical refining KW - and Deacetylation KW - Temperature effects KW - Fuel technology KW - Data processing KW - Deacetylation KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Energy KW - Corn KW - Economics KW - Capital costs KW - Carbohydrates KW - Tetraethylammonium KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1328513013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Improved+ethanol+yield+and+reduced+minimum+ethanol+selling+price+%28MESP%29+by+modifying+low+severity+dilute+acid+pretreatment+with+deacetylation+and+mechanical+refining%3A+2%29+Techno-economic+analysis&rft.au=Tao%2C+Ling%3BChen%2C+Xiaowen%3BAden%2C+Andy%3BKuhn%2C+Eric%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BTucker%2C+Melvin%3BFranden%2C+Mary+Ann+A%3BZhang%2C+Min%3BJohnson%2C+David+K%3BDowe%2C+Nancy%3BElander%2C+Richard+T&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=Ling&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-5-69 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/5/1/69 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Data processing; Energy; Economics; Carbohydrates; Deacetylation; Tetraethylammonium; Biofuels; Ethanol; Fuel technology; Sensitivity analysis; Corn; Capital costs; Biotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-5-69 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recoverable resource estimate of identified onshore geopressured geothermal energy in Texas and Louisiana AN - 1320158324; 2013-029593 AB - Geopressured geothermal reservoirs are characterized by high temperatures and high pressures with correspondingly large quantities of dissolved methane. Due to these characteristics, the reservoirs provide two sources of energy: chemical energy from the recovered methane, and thermal energy from the recovered fluid at temperatures high enough to operate a binary power plant for electricity production. Formations with the greatest potential for recoverable energy are located in the gulf coastal region of Texas and Louisiana where significantly overpressured and hot formations are abundant. This study estimates the total recoverable onshore geopressured geothermal resource for identified sites in Texas and Louisiana. In this study a geopressured geothermal resource is defined as a brine reservoir with fluid temperature greater than 212 degrees F and a pressure gradient greater than 0.7 psi/ft. First, the total thermal resource in place for the geopressured regions considered was estimated based on the temperature and volume of the geopressured reservoir fluid. Geopressured reservoir fluid volume was estimated utilizing data on the depth to geopressure, average porosity, and sand and shale thickness collected from multiple sources on geopressured reservoirs in the Gulf Coast. Temperature was estimated using over 6,000 corrected bottomhole temperature measurements from wells located in the identified areas and interpolated to the midpoint depth of the geopressured reservoir interval. Next, fluid recovery factors for the geopressured reservoirs were determined. The recovery factors in the Frio and Wilcox Reservoirs in Texas were based on multiphase flow reservoir modeling and a minimum flow rate of 10,000 bpd. The recovery factors in Louisiana were based on a single well radial flow model and a maximum reservoir pressure decline to maintain unaided flow. Fluid recovery factors from the sandstone layers range from less than 1% to 15% depending on thickness, permeability, reservoir continuity, and fluid overpressure. Using these recovery factors for each region, the total recoverable resource and the resource temperature distribution is calculated. The study identified regions with high temperatures and recoverability factors corresponding to high fluid and thermal flow rates that may be developed first for energy production. JF - Abstracts: Annual Meeting - American Association of Petroleum Geologists AU - Esposito, Ariel AU - Augustine, Chad AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2012 PY - 2012 DA - 2012 EP - unpaginated PB - American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, OK VL - 2012 KW - United States KW - geopressure KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - power plants KW - fluid phase KW - downhole methods KW - temperature KW - reservoir rocks KW - Cenozoic KW - thickness KW - Louisiana KW - North America KW - methane KW - Frio Formation KW - Texas KW - Paleogene KW - alkanes KW - Wilcox Formation KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - recovery KW - porosity KW - measurement KW - geothermal energy KW - Tertiary KW - organic compounds KW - geothermal reservoirs KW - volume KW - hydrocarbons KW - Oligocene KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1320158324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts%3A+Annual+Meeting+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.atitle=Recoverable+resource+estimate+of+identified+onshore+geopressured+geothermal+energy+in+Texas+and+Louisiana&rft.au=Esposito%2C+Ariel%3BAugustine%2C+Chad%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=2012&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts%3A+Annual+Meeting+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2012/90142ace/abstracts/esp.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2012 AAPG annual convention and exhibition N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2013-03-28 N1 - CODEN - #06983 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Cenozoic; downhole methods; fluid phase; Frio Formation; geopressure; geothermal energy; geothermal reservoirs; Gulf Coastal Plain; hydrocarbons; Louisiana; measurement; methane; North America; Oligocene; organic compounds; Paleogene; porosity; power plants; recovery; reservoir rocks; temperature; Tertiary; Texas; thickness; United States; volume; Wilcox Formation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved ethanol yield and reduced Minimum Ethanol Selling Price (MESP) by modifying low severity dilute acid pretreatment with deacetylation and mechanical refining: 1) Experimental AN - 1257789458; 17463312 AB - Background: Historically, acid pretreatment technology for the production of bio-ethanol from corn stover has required severe conditions to overcome biomass recalcitrance. However, the high usage of acid and steam at severe pretreatment conditions hinders the economic feasibility of the ethanol production from biomass. In addition, the amount of acetate and furfural produced during harsh pretreatment is in the range that strongly inhibits cell growth and impedes ethanol fermentation. The current work addresses these issues through pretreatment with lower acid concentrations and temperatures incorporated with deacetylation and mechanical refining. Results: The results showed that deacetylation with 0.1 M NaOH before acid pretreatment improved the monomeric xylose yield in pretreatment by up to 20% while keeping the furfural yield under 2%. Deacetylation also improved the glucose yield by 10% and the xylose yield by 20% during low solids enzymatic hydrolysis. Mechanical refining using a PFI mill further improved sugar yields during both low- and high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis. Mechanical refining also allowed enzyme loadings to be reduced while maintaining high yields. Deacetylation and mechanical refining are shown to assist in achieving 90% cellulose yield in high-solids (20%) enzymatic hydrolysis. When fermentations were performed under pH control to evaluate the effect of deacetylation and mechanical refining on the ethanol yields, glucose and xylose utilizations over 90% and ethanol yields over 90% were achieved. Overall ethanol yields were calculated based on experimental results for the base case and modified cases. One modified case that integrated deacetylation, mechanical refining, and washing was estimated to produce 88 gallons of ethanol per ton of biomass. Conclusion: The current work developed a novel bio-ethanol process that features pretreatment with lower acid concentrations and temperatures incorporated with deacetylation and mechanical refining. The new process shows improved overall ethanol yields compared to traditional dilute acid pretreatment. The experimental results from this work support the techno-economic analysis and calculation of Minimum Ethanol Selling Price (MESP) detailed in our companion paper. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Tao, Ling AU - Shekiro, Joseph AU - Mohaghaghi, Ali AU - Decker, Steve AU - Wang, Wei AU - Smith, Holly AU - Park, Sunkyu AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Tucker, Melvin AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO, 80127, USA Y1 - 2012 PY - 2012 DA - 2012 SP - 60 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bioethanol KW - Pretreatment KW - Enzymatic hydrolysis KW - Fermentation KW - Deacetylation KW - Mechanical refining KW - PFI mill KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Xylose KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - Steam KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Acetic acid KW - Hydrolysis KW - Economics KW - pH effects KW - Biofuels KW - Furfural KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1257789458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Improved+ethanol+yield+and+reduced+Minimum+Ethanol+Selling+Price+%28MESP%29+by+modifying+low+severity+dilute+acid+pretreatment+with+deacetylation+and+mechanical+refining%3A+1%29+Experimental&rft.au=Chen%2C+Xiaowen%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BShekiro%2C+Joseph%3BMohaghaghi%2C+Ali%3BDecker%2C+Steve%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BSmith%2C+Holly%3BPark%2C+Sunkyu%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BTucker%2C+Melvin&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Xiaowen&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-5-60 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/5/1/60 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Sugar; Xylose; Fermentation; Cellulose; Steam; Glucose; Enzymes; Deacetylation; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Acetic acid; Economics; pH effects; Biofuels; Ethanol; Furfural DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-5-60 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impacts of deacetylation prior to dilute acid pretreatment on the bioethanol process AN - 1028037896; 16899499 AB - Background: Dilute acid pretreatment is a promising pretreatment technology for the biochemical production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. During dilute acid pretreatment, xylan depolymerizes to form soluble xylose monomers and oligomers. Because the xylan found in nature is highly acetylated, the formation of xylose monomers requires two steps: 1) cleavage of the xylosidic bonds, and 2) cleavage of covalently bonded acetyl ester groups. Results: In this study, we show that the latter may be the rate limiting step for xylose monomer formation. Furthermore, acetyl groups are also found to be a cause of biomass recalcitrance and hydrolyzate toxicity. While the removal of acetyl groups from native corn stover by alkaline de-esterification prior to pretreatment improves overall process yields, the exact impact is highly dependent on the corn stover variety in use. Xylose monomer yields in pretreatment generally increases by greater than 10%. Compared to pretreated corn stover controls, the deacetylated corn stover feedstock is approximately 20% more digestible after pretreatment. Finally, by lowering hydrolyzate toxicity, xylose utilization and ethanol yields are further improved during fermentation by roughly 10% and 7%, respectively. In this study, several varieties of corn stover lots were investigated to test the robustness of the deacetylation-pretreatment-saccharification-fermentation process. Conclusions: Deacetylation shows significant improvement on glucose and xylose yields during pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, but it also reduces hydrolyzate toxicity during fermentation, thereby improving ethanol yields and titer. The magnitude of effect is dependent on the selected corn stover variety, with several varieties achieving improvements of greater than 10% xylose yield in pretreatment, 20% glucose yield in low solids enzymatic hydrolysis and 7% overall ethanol yield. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Shekiro, Joseph AU - Franden, Mary Ann AU - Wang, Wei AU - Zhang, Min AU - Kuhn, Erik AU - Johnson, David K AU - Tucker, Melvin P AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80127, USA Y1 - 2012 PY - 2012 DA - 2012 SP - 8 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bioethanol KW - Pretreatment KW - Enzymatic Hydrolysis KW - Fermentation KW - Deacetylation KW - Xylose KW - Glucose KW - Toxicity KW - Biomass KW - Esters KW - Hydrolysis KW - Monomers KW - Xylan KW - Corn KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1028037896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=The+impacts+of+deacetylation+prior+to+dilute+acid+pretreatment+on+the+bioethanol+process&rft.au=Chen%2C+Xiaowen%3BShekiro%2C+Joseph%3BFranden%2C+Mary+Ann%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BZhang%2C+Min%3BKuhn%2C+Erik%3BJohnson%2C+David+K%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Xiaowen&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-5-8 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/5/1/8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monomers; Xylose; Xylan; Fermentation; Glucose; Deacetylation; Toxicity; Esters; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Biofuels; Ethanol; Corn; Biotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-5-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DOES THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OWN THE PORE SPACE UNDER PRIVATE LANDS IN THE WEST? IMPLICATIONS OF THE STOCK-RAISING HOMESTEAD ACT OF 1916 FOR GEOLOGIC STORAGE OF CARBON DIOXIDE AN - 1028036649; 16930831 AB - This Article establishes that pursuant to the mineral reservation contained in the Stock-Raising Homestead Act of 1916 (SRHA), as well as U.S. Supreme Court jurisprudence that has further defined the scope of that reservation, the federal government likely holds title to some 70 million acres of subsurface pore space located under private land in the West. In addressing the issue of pore space ownership, scholars and regulators have focused on the question of who owns the pore space when the mineral estate has been severed from the surface estate. This approach, however, overlooks the critical fact that for the approximately 70 million acres of land patented under the SRHA, the United States government held the original fee simple absolute, and conveyed the land while retaining "all the coal and other minerals in the lands." In 1983 in Watt v. Western Nuclear, Inc., the Supreme Court delineated a four-part test for determining if something falls within the scope of the SRHA's mineral reservation--a test that was farther explicated by the Court's decision in 2004 in BedRoc Limited, Inc. v. United States. This Article analyzes this jurisprudence vis-a-vis the question of whether or not pore space falls within the scope of the SRHA's mineral reservation. Based on a detailed analysis of the history of the SRHA and relevant jurisprudence by the Supreme Court and other federal and state courts, we conclude that the federal government likely owns the pore space for those lands patented under the SRHA. This conclusion has far reaching policy implications. For instance, states that have statutorily determined that ownership of the pore space is vested in the surface owner are now confronted by the prospect that these statutes are preempted by federal law when dealing with land originally conveyed by the SRHA. Moreover, given the significant acreage covered by the SRHA, federal ownership of pore space could arguably reduce the transaction costs associated with project development, thereby facilitating the rapid scaling of commercial geologic carbon storage projects. JF - Environmental Law (Portland) AU - Doran, K L AU - Cifor, A M AD - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, United States National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the University of Colorado at Boulder (UCB), USA Y1 - 2012///0, PY - 2012 DA - 0, 2012 SP - 527 EP - 548 PB - Northwestern School of Law of Lewis & Clark College, 10015 S.W. Terwilliger Blvd. Portland OR 97219 USA, [mailto:envtl@lclark.edu], [URL:http://www.lclark.edu/~envtl/] VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-2276, 0046-2276 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Carbon sequestration KW - USA KW - courts KW - Geology KW - Coal KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Minerals KW - Scaling KW - Private lands KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1028036649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Law+%28Portland%29&rft.atitle=DOES+THE+FEDERAL+GOVERNMENT+OWN+THE+PORE+SPACE+UNDER+PRIVATE+LANDS+IN+THE+WEST%3F+IMPLICATIONS+OF+THE+STOCK-RAISING+HOMESTEAD+ACT+OF+1916+FOR+GEOLOGIC+STORAGE+OF+CARBON+DIOXIDE&rft.au=Doran%2C+K+L%3BCifor%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Doran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Law+%28Portland%29&rft.issn=00462276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon sequestration; courts; Geology; Coal; Carbon dioxide; Scaling; Minerals; Private lands; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tracking dynamics of plant biomass composting by changes in substrate structure, microbial community, and enzyme activity AN - 1028033491; 16899491 AB - Background: Understanding the dynamics of the microbial communities that, along with their secreted enzymes, are involved in the natural process of biomass composting may hold the key to breaking the major bottleneck in biomass-to-biofuels conversion technology, which is the still-costly deconstruction of polymeric biomass carbohydrates to fermentable sugars. However, the complexity of both the structure of plant biomass and its counterpart microbial degradation communities makes it difficult to investigate the composting process. Results: In this study, a composter was set up with a mix of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) wood-chips and mown lawn grass clippings (85:15 in dry-weight) and used as a model system. The microbial rDNA abundance data obtained from analyzing weekly-withdrawn composted samples suggested population-shifts from bacteria-dominated to fungus-dominated communities. Further analyses by an array of optical microscopic, transcriptional and enzyme-activity techniques yielded correlated results, suggesting that such population shifts occurred along with early removal of hemicellulose followed by attack on the consequently uncovered cellulose as the composting progressed. Conclusion: The observed shifts in dominance by representative microbial groups, along with the observed different patterns in the gene expression and enzymatic activities between cellulases, hemicellulases, and ligninases during the composting process, provide new perspectives for biomass-derived biotechnology such as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) and solid-state fermentation for the production of cellulolytic enzymes and biofuels. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Wei, Hui AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Baker, John O AU - Harris, Michelle AU - Luo, Yonghua AU - Xu, Qi AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Ding, Shi-You AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2012 PY - 2012 DA - 2012 SP - 20 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Compost KW - Plant biomass KW - Yellow poplar KW - Microbial community KW - Microbial rDNA abundance KW - Gene expression KW - Enzymatic activity KW - Cellulase KW - Hemicellulose KW - Ligninase KW - Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) KW - Solid-state fermentation KW - Biofuels KW - Cellulolytic enzymes KW - Fuel technology KW - Biodegradation KW - Grasses KW - Fermentation KW - Cellulose KW - Recycling KW - Waste management KW - Carbohydrates KW - Composting KW - Sugar KW - Data processing KW - Liriodendron tulipifera KW - Enzymes KW - Transcription KW - Microbial activity KW - ligninase KW - Biomass KW - Dominance KW - hemicellulose KW - Microorganisms KW - Plant communities KW - Biotechnology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - A 01390:Forestry KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1028033491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Tracking+dynamics+of+plant+biomass+composting+by+changes+in+substrate+structure%2C+microbial+community%2C+and+enzyme+activity&rft.au=Wei%2C+Hui%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BBaker%2C+John+O%3BHarris%2C+Michelle%3BLuo%2C+Yonghua%3BXu%2C+Qi%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BDing%2C+Shi-You&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=Hui&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-5-20 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/5/1/20 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 58 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cellulolytic enzymes; Sugar; Data processing; Biodegradation; Fermentation; Grasses; Cellulose; Transcription; ligninase; Biomass; Cellulase; hemicellulose; Dominance; Gene expression; Plant communities; Microorganisms; Enzymatic activity; Carbohydrates; Composting; Biofuels; Fuel technology; Enzymes; Microbial activity; Plant biomass; Recycling; Biotechnology; Waste management; Liriodendron tulipifera DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-5-20 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Process and technoeconomic analysis of leading pretreatment technologies for lignocellulosic ethanol production using switchgrass AN - 911154751; 16067487 AB - Six biomass pretreatment processes to convert switchgrass to fermentable sugars and ultimately to cellulosic ethanol are compared on a consistent basis in this technoeconomic analysis. The six pretreatment processes are ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), dilute acid (DA), lime, liquid hot water (LHW), soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA), and sulfur dioxide-impregnated steam explosion (SO2). Each pretreatment process is modeled in the framework of an existing biochemical design model so that systematic variations of process-related changes are consistently captured. The pretreatment area process design and simulation are based on the research data generated within the Biomass Refining Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation (CAFI) 3 project. Overall ethanol production, total capital investment, and minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) are reported along with selected sensitivity analysis. The results show limited differentiation between the projected economic performances of the pretreatment options, except for processes that exhibit significantly lower monomer sugar and resulting ethanol yields. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Tao, Ling AU - Aden, Andy AU - Elander, Richard T AU - Pallapolu, Venkata Ramesh AU - Lee, Y Y AU - Garlock, Rebecca J AU - Balan, Venkatesh AU - Dale, Bruce E AU - Kim, Youngmi AU - Mosier, Nathan S AU - Ladisch, Michael R AU - Falls, Matthew AU - Holtzapple, Mark T AU - Sierra, Rocio AU - Shi, Jian AU - Ebrik, Mirvat A AU - Redmond, Tim AU - Yang, Bin AU - Wyman, Charles E AU - Hames, Bonnie AU - Thomas, Steve AU - Warner, Ryan E AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - Dec 2011 SP - 11105 EP - 11114 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 102 IS - 24 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sulfur KW - Sugar KW - Data processing KW - Biochemistry KW - Ammonia KW - Steam KW - Biomass KW - Explosions KW - Monomers KW - Differentiation KW - Fibers KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Dopamine KW - sensitivity analysis KW - Economics KW - Technology KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/911154751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Process+and+technoeconomic+analysis+of+leading+pretreatment+technologies+for+lignocellulosic+ethanol+production+using+switchgrass&rft.au=Tao%2C+Ling%3BAden%2C+Andy%3BElander%2C+Richard+T%3BPallapolu%2C+Venkata+Ramesh%3BLee%2C+Y+Y%3BGarlock%2C+Rebecca+J%3BBalan%2C+Venkatesh%3BDale%2C+Bruce+E%3BKim%2C+Youngmi%3BMosier%2C+Nathan+S%3BLadisch%2C+Michael+R%3BFalls%2C+Matthew%3BHoltzapple%2C+Mark+T%3BSierra%2C+Rocio%3BShi%2C+Jian%3BEbrik%2C+Mirvat+A%3BRedmond%2C+Tim%3BYang%2C+Bin%3BWyman%2C+Charles+E%3BHames%2C+Bonnie%3BThomas%2C+Steve%3BWarner%2C+Ryan+E&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=Ling&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=11105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2011.07.051 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852411010017?_rdoc=9&_fmt=high&_origin=browse&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0960852411X00226)&_docanchor=&_ct=34&_refLink=Y&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=0784736298f3828a3dedd88cb6b937ce LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfur; Monomers; Fibers; Differentiation; Sugar; Dopamine; Data processing; Ammonia; Economics; Steam; Biomass; Ethanol; Sulfur dioxide; Biochemistry; sensitivity analysis; Explosions; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.051 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface and ultrastructural characterization of raw and pretreated switchgrass AN - 907192288; 16050925 AB - The US Department of Energy-funded Biomass Refining CAFI (Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation) project has developed leading pretreatment technologies for application to switchgrass and has evaluated their effectiveness in recovering sugars from the coupled operations of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Key chemical and physical characteristics have been determined for pretreated switchgrass samples. Several analytical microscopy approaches utilizing instruments in the Biomass Surface Characterization Laboratory (BSCL) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have been applied to untreated and CAFI-pretreated switchgrass samples. The results of this work have shown that each of the CAFI pretreatment approaches on switchgrass result in different structural impacts at the plant tissue, cellular, and cell wall levels. Some of these structural changes can be related to changes in chemical composition upon pretreatment. There are also apparently different structural mechanisms that are responsible for achieving the highest enzymatic hydrolysis sugar yields. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Elander, Richard T AU - Pallapolu, Venkata Ramesh AU - Lee, Y Y AU - Garlock, Rebecca J AU - Balan, Venkatesh AU - Dale, Bruce E AU - Kim, Youngmi AU - Mosier, Nathan S AU - Ladisch, Michael R AU - Falls, Matthew AU - Holtzapple, Mark T AU - Sierra-Ramirez, Rocio AU - Shi, Jian AU - Ebrik, Mirvat A AU - Redmond, Tim AU - Yang, Bin AU - Wyman, Charles E AU - Hames, Bonnie AU - Thomas, Steve AU - Warner, Ryan E AD - Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA, richard.elander@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - Dec 2011 SP - 11097 EP - 11104 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 102 IS - 24 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Pretreatment KW - Enzymatic hydrolysis KW - Biomass KW - Switchgrass KW - Microscopy KW - Sugar KW - Physical characteristics KW - Chemical composition KW - Hydrolysis KW - Renewable energy KW - Energy KW - innovations KW - Technology KW - Innovations KW - Cell walls KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907192288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Surface+and+ultrastructural+characterization+of+raw+and+pretreated+switchgrass&rft.au=Donohoe%2C+Bryon+S%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BElander%2C+Richard+T%3BPallapolu%2C+Venkata+Ramesh%3BLee%2C+Y+Y%3BGarlock%2C+Rebecca+J%3BBalan%2C+Venkatesh%3BDale%2C+Bruce+E%3BKim%2C+Youngmi%3BMosier%2C+Nathan+S%3BLadisch%2C+Michael+R%3BFalls%2C+Matthew%3BHoltzapple%2C+Mark+T%3BSierra-Ramirez%2C+Rocio%3BShi%2C+Jian%3BEbrik%2C+Mirvat+A%3BRedmond%2C+Tim%3BYang%2C+Bin%3BWyman%2C+Charles+E%3BHames%2C+Bonnie%3BThomas%2C+Steve%3BWarner%2C+Ryan+E&rft.aulast=Donohoe&rft.aufirst=Bryon&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=11097&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2011.03.092 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Physical characteristics; Energy; Microscopy; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Cell walls; Chemical composition; Renewable energy; innovations; Innovations; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.092 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ability of battery second use strategies to impact plug-in electric vehicle prices and serve utility energy storage applications AN - 1777102075; 15795348 AB - The high cost of lithium ion batteries is a major impediment to the increased market share of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and full electric vehicles (EVs). The reuse of PHEV/EV propulsion batteries in second use applications following the end of their automotive service life may have the potential to offset the high initial cost of these batteries today. Accurately assessing the value of such a strategy is exceedingly complex and entails many uncertainties. This paper takes a first step toward such an assessment by estimating the impact of battery second use on the initial cost of PHEV/EV batteries to automotive consumers and exploring the potential for grid-based energy storage applications to serve as a market for used PHEV/EV batteries. It is found that although battery second use is not expected to significantly affect today's PHEV/EV prices, it has the potential to become a common component of future automotive battery life cycles and potentially to transform markets in need of cost-effective energy storage. Based on these findings, the authors advise further investigation focused on forecasting long-term battery degradation and analyzing second-use applications in more detail. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Neubauer, Jeremy AU - Pesaran, Ahmad AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA jeremy.neubauer@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/12/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Dec 01 SP - 10351 EP - 10358 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 196 IS - 23 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Lithium ion KW - Battery KW - Second use KW - Energy storage KW - Plug-in hybrid vehicle KW - Electric vehicle KW - Automotive components KW - Electric batteries KW - Marketing KW - Markets KW - Crashworthiness KW - Service life UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777102075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=The+ability+of+battery+second+use+strategies+to+impact+plug-in+electric+vehicle+prices+and+serve+utility+energy+storage+applications&rft.au=Neubauer%2C+Jeremy%3BPesaran%2C+Ahmad&rft.aulast=Neubauer&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=10351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2011.06.053 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.06.053 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of high-temperature exposure of photovoltaic modules AN - 1020838686; 16702409 AB - Keywords: thermal endurance; long-term degradation; qualification tests ABSTRACT Photovoltaic (PV) modules operate at temperatures above ambient owing to the thermal energy of sunlight. The operating temperature primarily depends on the ambient temperature, incident sunlight, mounting configuration, packaging configuration, and wind speed. In this paper, the cumulative thermal degradation is modeled to follow Arrhenius behavior. The data are analyzed to determine the constant temperature that would give average aging equivalent to the variable temperatures observed in the field. These equivalent temperatures are calculated for various locations using six configurations, providing a technical basis for defining accelerated thermal-endurance and -degradation testing. This data may also be useful as a starting point for studies of the combined effects of elevated temperature and other factors such as UV, moisture, and mechanical stress. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Anonymous AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA, sarah.kurtz@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - Dec 2011 SP - 954 EP - 965 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 19 IS - 8 SN - 1099-159X, 1099-159X KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Degradation KW - solar cells KW - Temperature KW - Sunlight KW - Stress KW - Velocity KW - aging KW - Packaging KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1020838686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+high-temperature+exposure+of+photovoltaic+modules&rft.au=Anonymous&rft.aulast=Anonymous&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=954&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=1099159X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.1103 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pip.1103/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Degradation; solar cells; Temperature; Velocity; Stress; Sunlight; Packaging; aging DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.1103 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Life Cycle Water Consumption of Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Power T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313101669; 6112283 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Heath, Garvin AU - Burkhardt, John AU - Turchi, Craig Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Life cycle KW - Solar energy KW - Water use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313101669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Life+Cycle+Water+Consumption+of+Parabolic+Trough+Concentrating+Solar+Power&rft.au=Heath%2C+Garvin%3BBurkhardt%2C+John%3BTurchi%2C+Craig&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Garvin&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - LCA Harmonization Project: Methods and Selected Results T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313071584; 6112369 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Heath, Garvin AU - Mann, Margaret AU - Fthenakis, Vasilis AU - Warner, Ethan AU - Dolan, Stacey AU - Burkhardt, John AU - Hsu, David AU - O'Donoughue, Patrick AU - Sawyer, Pamala AU - Vorum, Martin Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Life cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313071584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=LCA+Harmonization+Project%3A+Methods+and+Selected+Results&rft.au=Heath%2C+Garvin%3BMann%2C+Margaret%3BFthenakis%2C+Vasilis%3BWarner%2C+Ethan%3BDolan%2C+Stacey%3BBurkhardt%2C+John%3BHsu%2C+David%3BO%27Donoughue%2C+Patrick%3BSawyer%2C+Pamala%3BVorum%2C+Martin&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Garvin&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Water Use at Energy Facilities and Energy Use at Water Facilities: Opportunities for Collaboration T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313062296; 6112307 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Vorum, Martin Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Energy consumption KW - Water use KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313062296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Water+Use+at+Energy+Facilities+and+Energy+Use+at+Water+Facilities%3A+Opportunities+for+Collaboration&rft.au=Macknick%2C+Jordan%3BVorum%2C+Martin&rft.aulast=Macknick&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Energy Usage and Management at a Large Wastewater Treatment Facility in Boulder, Colorado T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313062253; 6112306 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Douville, Chris Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - USA, Colorado KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Energy usage KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313062253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Energy+Usage+and+Management+at+a+Large+Wastewater+Treatment+Facility+in+Boulder%2C+Colorado&rft.au=Macknick%2C+Jordan%3BDouville%2C+Chris&rft.aulast=Macknick&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - An energy Appetite of U.S. Water Systems -- How much energy does it take to supply our water? T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313062219; 6112305 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Vorum, Martin Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - USA KW - Energy KW - Appetite UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313062219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=An+energy+Appetite+of+U.S.+Water+Systems+--+How+much+energy+does+it+take+to+supply+our+water%3F&rft.au=Vorum%2C+Martin&rft.aulast=Vorum&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of HFO-1234yf with and without Microporous Enhanced Surfaces T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313060498; 6113063 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Moreno, Gilberto AU - Narumanchi, Sreekant AU - King, Charles Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - heat transfer KW - Heat transfer KW - Boiling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313060498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Pool+Boiling+Heat+Transfer+Characteristics+of+HFO-1234yf+with+and+without+Microporous+Enhanced+Surfaces&rft.au=Moreno%2C+Gilberto%3BNarumanchi%2C+Sreekant%3BKing%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Moreno&rft.aufirst=Gilberto&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Performance and Durability of Candidate Polymeric Advanced Solar Mirrors for Concentrating Solar Power T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313057294; 6112570 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Kennedy, Cheryl Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Solar energy KW - Toughness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313057294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=The+Performance+and+Durability+of+Candidate+Polymeric+Advanced+Solar+Mirrors+for+Concentrating+Solar+Power&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+Cheryl&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular Dynamics Modeling of Thermal Conductance at Atomically Clean and Disordered Silicon/Aluminum Interfaces T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313044341; 6113172 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Choi, Woon AU - Kim, Kwiseon AU - Narumanchi, Sreekant Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Aluminum KW - Silicon KW - Conductance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313044341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Molecular+Dynamics+Modeling+of+Thermal+Conductance+at+Atomically+Clean+and+Disordered+Silicon%2FAluminum+Interfaces&rft.au=Choi%2C+Woon%3BKim%2C+Kwiseon%3BNarumanchi%2C+Sreekant&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=Woon&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Future Projections and Tradeoffs of Water Demands for Energy T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313027702; 6114570 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Newmark, Robin AU - Macknick, Jordan Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Water demand KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313027702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Future+Projections+and+Tradeoffs+of+Water+Demands+for+Energy&rft.au=Newmark%2C+Robin%3BMacknick%2C+Jordan&rft.aulast=Newmark&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Thermal Performance and Reliability of Large-Area Bonded Interfaces in Power Electronics Packages T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1312986912; 6112816 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Narumanchi, Sreekant AU - DeVoto, Douglas AU - Mihalic, Mark AU - Popp, Tim AU - McCluskey, Patrick Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312986912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Thermal+Performance+and+Reliability+of+Large-Area+Bonded+Interfaces+in+Power+Electronics+Packages&rft.au=Narumanchi%2C+Sreekant%3BDeVoto%2C+Douglas%3BMihalic%2C+Mark%3BPopp%2C+Tim%3BMcCluskey%2C+Patrick&rft.aulast=Narumanchi&rft.aufirst=Sreekant&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Design Principles of Cooling Systems for Concentrated Solar Power Facilities T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1312952521; 6114583 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Turchi, Craig AU - Wagner, Michael AU - Macknick, Jordan Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Cooling systems KW - Solar energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312952521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Design+Principles+of+Cooling+Systems+for+Concentrated+Solar+Power+Facilities&rft.au=Turchi%2C+Craig%3BWagner%2C+Michael%3BMacknick%2C+Jordan&rft.aulast=Turchi&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Economics of Pretreatment for Biological Processing T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1313038348; 6079973 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Tao, Ling AU - Aden, Andy AU - Elander, Richard Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313038348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Economics+of+Pretreatment+for+Biological+Processing&rft.au=Tao%2C+Ling%3BAden%2C+Andy%3BElander%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=Ling&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Realizing the Potential of Advanced Biofuels T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1313033385; 6079952 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Foust, Thomas Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Fuel technology KW - Biofuels UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313033385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Realizing+the+Potential+of+Advanced+Biofuels&rft.au=Foust%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A Dual-Stage Laminar Entrained Flow Reactor (LEFR) and Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) System for Studying Biomass Pyrolysis and Gasification T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1313032976; 6079034 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Jarvis, Mark AU - Mukarakate, Calvin AU - Robichaud, David AU - Nimlos, Mark Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Biomass KW - Gasification KW - Pyrolysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313032976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=A+Dual-Stage+Laminar+Entrained+Flow+Reactor+%28LEFR%29+and+Plug+Flow+Reactor+%28PFR%29+System+for+Studying+Biomass+Pyrolysis+and+Gasification&rft.au=Jarvis%2C+Mark%3BMukarakate%2C+Calvin%3BRobichaud%2C+David%3BNimlos%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Determining and Addressing Feedstock Variability for Thermochemical Biomass Conversion T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1313028953; 6079051 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Olstad, Jessica AU - Magrini, Kim AU - Boardman, Richard AU - Gresham, Garold Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Biomass UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313028953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Determining+and+Addressing+Feedstock+Variability+for+Thermochemical+Biomass+Conversion&rft.au=Olstad%2C+Jessica%3BMagrini%2C+Kim%3BBoardman%2C+Richard%3BGresham%2C+Garold&rft.aulast=Olstad&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Integrated Wastewater Treatment Design for Biochemical Cellulosic Ethanol: Process Economics and Sustainability T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312986543; 6079329 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Humbird, David AU - Tan, Eric AU - Steinwinder, Thomas AU - Gill, Everett AU - Lukas, John AU - Sexton, Danielle AU - Dudgeon, Douglas Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Ethanol KW - Economics KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Biochemistry KW - Sustainability KW - Resource management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312986543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Integrated+Wastewater+Treatment+Design+for+Biochemical+Cellulosic+Ethanol%3A+Process+Economics+and+Sustainability&rft.au=Humbird%2C+David%3BTan%2C+Eric%3BSteinwinder%2C+Thomas%3BGill%2C+Everett%3BLukas%2C+John%3BSexton%2C+Danielle%3BDudgeon%2C+Douglas&rft.aulast=Humbird&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Improving Corn Stover Reactivity In Low Severity Pretreatment Through Deacetylation and Disc-Refining T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312980665; 6079963 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Shekiro, Joseph AU - Franden, mary AU - Zhang, Min AU - Koo, Bonwook AU - Park, Sunkyu AU - Tucker, Melvin Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Corn KW - Deacetylation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312980665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Improving+Corn+Stover+Reactivity+In+Low+Severity+Pretreatment+Through+Deacetylation+and+Disc-Refining&rft.au=Chen%2C+Xiaowen%3BShekiro%2C+Joseph%3BFranden%2C+mary%3BZhang%2C+Min%3BKoo%2C+Bonwook%3BPark%2C+Sunkyu%3BTucker%2C+Melvin&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Xiaowen&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Separate Processing of Hemicellulose and Cellulose to Optimize Ethanol Production From Corn Stover T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312979125; 6079775 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Chapeaux, Alexandre AU - Dowe, Nancy AU - Schell, Daniel Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Corn KW - Ethanol KW - Cellulose KW - hemicellulose UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312979125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Separate+Processing+of+Hemicellulose+and+Cellulose+to+Optimize+Ethanol+Production+From+Corn+Stover&rft.au=Chapeaux%2C+Alexandre%3BDowe%2C+Nancy%3BSchell%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Chapeaux&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Thermal Processing Techniques to Improve Metal Sulfide Mixed Alcohol Catalyst Performance T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312977370; 6078931 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Hensley, Jesse AU - Costelow, Kellen AU - Jablonski, Whitney AU - Thibodeaux, Jason AU - Yung, Matt Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Sulfide KW - Catalysts KW - alcohols KW - Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312977370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Thermal+Processing+Techniques+to+Improve+Metal+Sulfide+Mixed+Alcohol+Catalyst+Performance&rft.au=Hensley%2C+Jesse%3BCostelow%2C+Kellen%3BJablonski%2C+Whitney%3BThibodeaux%2C+Jason%3BYung%2C+Matt&rft.aulast=Hensley&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Studying Effects of Inorganic Salts On Biomass Pyrolysis Using a Captive Sample Reactor T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312975165; 6078964 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Mukarakate, Calvin AU - Robichaud, David AU - Donohoe, Bryon AU - Jarvis, Mark AU - Iisa, Kristiina AU - Nimlos, Mark Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Salts KW - Biomass KW - Pyrolysis KW - Salinity effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312975165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Studying+Effects+of+Inorganic+Salts+On+Biomass+Pyrolysis+Using+a+Captive+Sample+Reactor&rft.au=Mukarakate%2C+Calvin%3BRobichaud%2C+David%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon%3BJarvis%2C+Mark%3BIisa%2C+Kristiina%3BNimlos%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Mukarakate&rft.aufirst=Calvin&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A Method for Rapid Screening of Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Biomass Intermediates T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312970128; 6079302 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Johnson, David Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Catalysts KW - Biomass KW - Screening UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312970128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=A+Method+for+Rapid+Screening+of+Catalysts+for+Hydrodeoxygenation+of+Biomass+Intermediates&rft.au=Johnson%2C+David&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Secondary Thermochemical Xylo-Oligomer Hydrolysis of High-Solids Dilute-Acid Pretreatment Slurries T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312959853; 6080017 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Kuhn, Erik AU - Shekiro, Joseph AU - Nagle, Nick AU - Elander, Richard Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Slurries KW - Hydrolysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312959853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Secondary+Thermochemical+Xylo-Oligomer+Hydrolysis+of+High-Solids+Dilute-Acid+Pretreatment+Slurries&rft.au=Kuhn%2C+Erik%3BShekiro%2C+Joseph%3BNagle%2C+Nick%3BElander%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dissecting the Cellulosome Enzyme Complex: Assembly and Function T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312937589; 6079989 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Bomble, Yannick AU - Nimlos, Mark AU - Himmel, Michael AU - Crowley, Michael Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Enzymes KW - cellulosomes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312937589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Dissecting+the+Cellulosome+Enzyme+Complex%3A+Assembly+and+Function&rft.au=Bomble%2C+Yannick%3BNimlos%2C+Mark%3BHimmel%2C+Michael%3BCrowley%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Bomble&rft.aufirst=Yannick&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Normal shock boundary layer control with various vortex generator geometries AN - 919934880; 15586721 AB - Various vortex generators which include ramp, split-ramp and a new hybrid concept "ramped-vane" are investigated under normal shock conditions with a diffuser at Mach number of 1.3. The dimensions of the computational domain were designed using Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes studies to be representative of the flow in an external-compression supersonic inlet. Using this flow geometry, various vortex generator concepts were studied with Implicit Large Eddy Simulation. In general, the ramped-vane provided increased vorticity compared to the other devices and reduced the separation length downstream of the device centerline. In addition, the size, edge gap and streamwise position respect to the shock were studied for the ramped-vane and it was found that a height of about half the boundary thickness and a large trailing edge gap yielded a fully attached flow downstream of the device. This ramped-vane also provided the largest reduction in the turbulent kinetic energy and pressure fluctuations. Additional benefits include negligible drag while the reductions in boundary layer displacement thickness and shape factor were seen compared to other devices. JF - Computers & Fluids AU - Lee, S AU - Loth, E AU - Babinsky, H Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 233 EP - 246 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0045-7930, 0045-7930 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Flow control KW - Supersonic boundary layer interaction KW - Vortex generator KW - Implicit Large Eddy Simulation KW - Flow separation KW - Diffuser KW - Inlets KW - Computers KW - Boundary Layers KW - Oceanic eddies KW - Kinetic Energy KW - Drag KW - Electric generators KW - Shape KW - Boundary layers KW - Hybrids KW - Boundaries KW - Downstream KW - Coastal inlets KW - Fluctuations KW - Benefits KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09182:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919934880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Fluids&rft.atitle=Normal+shock+boundary+layer+control+with+various+vortex+generator+geometries&rft.au=Lee%2C+S%3BLoth%2C+E%3BBabinsky%2C+H&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Fluids&rft.issn=00457930&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.compfluid.2011.06.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Electric generators; Hybrids; Boundary layers; Oceanic eddies; Coastal inlets; Drag; Shape; Inlets; Computers; Boundaries; Boundary Layers; Downstream; Benefits; Fluctuations; Kinetic Energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2011.06.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Techno-economic analysis of autotrophic microalgae for fuel production AN - 896230861; 15113414 AB - It is well-established that microalgal-derived biofuels have the potential to make a significant contribution to the US fuel market, due to several unique characteristics inherent to algae. Namely, autotrophic microalgae are capable of achieving very high efficiencies in converting solar energy into biomass and oil relative to terrestrial oilseed crops, while at the same time exhibiting great flexibility in the quality of land and water required for algal cultivation. These characteristics allow for the possibility to produce appreciable amounts of algal biofuels relative to today's petroleum fuel market, while greatly mitigating "food-versus-fuel" concerns. However, there is a wide lack of public agreement on the near-term economic viability of algal biofuels, due to uncertainties and speculation on process scale-up associated with the nascent stage of the algal biofuel industry. The present study aims to establish baseline economics for two microalgae pathways, by performing a comprehensive analysis using a set of assumptions for what can plausibly be achieved within a five-year timeframe. Specific pathways include autotrophic production via both open pond and closed tubular photobioreactor (PBR) systems. The production scales were set at 10 million gallons per year of raw algal oil, subsequently upgraded to a "green diesel" blend stock via hydrotreating. Rigorous mass balances were performed using Aspen Plus simulation software, and associated costs were evaluated on a unit-level basis. Upon completing the base case scenarios, the cost of lipid production to achieve a 10% return was determined to be $8.52/gal for open ponds and $18.10/gal for PBRs. Hydrotreating to produce a diesel blend stock added onto this marginally, bringing the totals to $9.84/gal and $20.53/gal of diesel, for the respective cases. These costs have potential for significant improvement in the future if better microalgal strains can be identified that would be capable of sustaining high growth rates at high lipid content. Given that it is difficult to maximize both of these parameters simultaneously, it was determined that the near-term research should focus on maximizing lipid content as it offers more substantial cost reduction potential relative to an improved algae growth rate. Additional economic sensitivity studies were established to identify other important cost drivers, and a resource assessment comparison was made to evaluate parameters such as water and CO sub(2 requirements.) JF - Applied Energy AU - Davis, Ryan AU - Aden, Andy AU - Pienkos, Philip T AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, United States, ryan.davis@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - Oct 2011 SP - 3524 EP - 3531 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 88 IS - 10 SN - 0306-2619, 0306-2619 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Environment Abstracts KW - Algae KW - Autotrophic KW - Pond KW - Photobioreactor KW - Techno-economic KW - Green diesel KW - Fuel technology KW - Fuels KW - Lipids KW - Food KW - Ponds KW - Oil KW - Computer programs KW - software KW - Petroleum KW - Economics KW - Growth rate KW - biofuels KW - Biomass KW - photobioreactors KW - Energy KW - Oilseed crops KW - Diesel KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Biofuels KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/896230861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Energy&rft.atitle=Techno-economic+analysis+of+autotrophic+microalgae+for+fuel+production&rft.au=Davis%2C+Ryan%3BAden%2C+Andy%3BPienkos%2C+Philip+T&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3524&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Energy&rft.issn=03062619&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apenergy.2011.04.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Food; Lipids; Fuels; Biomass; photobioreactors; Ponds; Oil; Computer programs; software; Oilseed crops; Petroleum; Energy; Economics; Diesel; Carbon dioxide; Biofuels; Algae; Fuel technology; biofuels DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.04.018 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Investigating the Influence of the Added Mass Effect to Marine Hydrokinetic Horizontal-Axis Turbines Using a General Dynamic Wake Wind Turbine Code T2 - OCEANS 2011 MTS/IEEE (OCEANS 2011) AN - 1312942835; 6035968 JF - OCEANS 2011 MTS/IEEE (OCEANS 2011) AU - Li, Ye AU - Maniaci, David Y1 - 2011/09/19/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Sep 19 KW - Wind energy KW - Turbines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312942835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=OCEANS+2011+MTS%2FIEEE+%28OCEANS+2011%29&rft.atitle=Investigating+the+Influence+of+the+Added+Mass+Effect+to+Marine+Hydrokinetic+Horizontal-Axis+Turbines+Using+a+General+Dynamic+Wake+Wind+Turbine+Code&rft.au=Li%2C+Ye%3BManiaci%2C+David&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Ye&rft.date=2011-09-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=OCEANS+2011+MTS%2FIEEE+%28OCEANS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.oceans11mtsieeekona.org/technical_program.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of the bidirectional hydrogenase in cyanobacteria AN - 888114464; 15587638 AB - Cyanobacteria have tremendous potential to produce clean, renewable fuel in the form of hydrogen gas derived from solar energy and water. Of the two cyanobacterial enzymes capable of evolving hydrogen gas (nitrogenase and the bidirectional hydrogenase), the hox-encoded bidirectional Ni-Fe hydrogenase has a high theoretical potential. The physiological role of this hydrogenase is a highly debated topic and is poorly understood relative to that of the nitrogenase. Here the structure, assembly, and expression of this enzyme, as well as its probable roles in metabolism, are discussed and analyzed to gain perspective on its physiological role. It is concluded that the bidirectional hydrogenase in cyanobacteria primarily functions as a redox regulator for maintaining a proper oxidation/reduction state in the cell. Recommendations for future research to test this hypothesis are discussed. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Carrieri, Damian AU - Wawrousek, Karen AU - Eckert, Carrie AU - Yu, Jianping AU - Maness, Pin-Ching Y1 - 2011/09// PY - 2011 DA - Sep 2011 SP - 8368 EP - 8377 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 102 IS - 18 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Hydrogen KW - Hydrogenase KW - Hox hydrogenase KW - Bidirectional hydrogenase KW - Nitrogenase KW - Fuels KW - Physiology KW - Enzymes KW - Renewable energy KW - Energy KW - Oxidation KW - Solar energy KW - Metabolism KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - K 03330:Biochemistry KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888114464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=The+role+of+the+bidirectional+hydrogenase+in+cyanobacteria&rft.au=Carrieri%2C+Damian%3BWawrousek%2C+Karen%3BEckert%2C+Carrie%3BYu%2C+Jianping%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching&rft.aulast=Carrieri&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=8368&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2011.03.103 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nitrogenase; Fuels; Energy; Oxidation; Enzymes; Hydrogen; Hydrogenase; Metabolism; Renewable energy; Physiology; Solar energy; Cyanobacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.103 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Relating Solar Measurements to PV Plant Output T2 - 30th Annual Conference of the Solar Energy Society of Canada AN - 1312957056; 6041289 JF - 30th Annual Conference of the Solar Energy Society of Canada AU - Sengupta, Manajit AU - Renne, David Y1 - 2011/08/28/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Aug 28 KW - Solar energy KW - Electrical engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312957056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+Conference+of+the+Solar+Energy+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Relating+Solar+Measurements+to+PV+Plant+Output&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+Manajit%3BRenne%2C+David&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Manajit&rft.date=2011-08-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+Conference+of+the+Solar+Energy+Society+of+Canada&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.swc2011.org/cms/fileadmin/user_upload/swc/dokumente/program_SWC2011_150811.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Status of Solar Resource Assessment Tasks under the International Energy Agency's Solar Heating and Cooling Programme T2 - 30th Annual Conference of the Solar Energy Society of Canada AN - 1312939735; 6041297 JF - 30th Annual Conference of the Solar Energy Society of Canada AU - Renne, David Y1 - 2011/08/28/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Aug 28 KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312939735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+Conference+of+the+Solar+Energy+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Status+of+Solar+Resource+Assessment+Tasks+under+the+International+Energy+Agency%27s+Solar+Heating+and+Cooling+Programme&rft.au=Renne%2C+David&rft.aulast=Renne&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2011-08-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+Conference+of+the+Solar+Energy+Society+of+Canada&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.swc2011.org/cms/fileadmin/user_upload/swc/dokumente/program_SWC2011_150811.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization and performance of UNS S63019 (21-4N) as bipolar plate material in a simulated polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell environment AN - 1777131328; 14817673 AB - The austenitic stainless steel UNS S63019 was evaluated regarding its potential as bipolar plate material in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) environment. Segregated grains of niobium carbide (NbC sub(x)) were identified in polished cross-sections of the alloy, offering a possible pathway for enhanced electrical conductivity through the passive surface oxide. Additionally, the alloy was tested for corrosion resistance in a simulated PEMFC environment. It was considered that perhaps the elevated nitrogen concentration in the alloy would provide some benefit for corrosion resistance. Results for interfacial contact resistance (ICR) testing of the air-formed surface film on UNS S63019 showed decreased electrical conductivity as compared to UNS S30400. Niobium carbide particles did not improve film conductivity due to a non-conductive niobium oxide layer that formed on the surface. Corrosion resistance of the alloy was also poor as compared with UNS S30400, demonstrating that elevated nitrogen concentration in the alloy was not adequate in itself to enhance corrosion resistance. Poor corrosion resistance was attributed primarily to high carbon content in the alloy which combined with a significant amount of chromium to form carbides. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Howell, Andrew G AU - Wang, Heli AU - Cowley, Scott W AU - Turner, John A AD - Colorado School of Mines, Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, 1600 Maple Street, Golden, CO 80401, USA andrew.howell@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/07/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jul 15 SP - 5922 EP - 5927 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 196 IS - 14 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); METADEX (MD); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); Corrosion Abstracts (CO); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Bipolar plate KW - UNS S63019 KW - PEMFC KW - ICR KW - Corrosion KW - Stainless steel KW - Heat resistant steels KW - Austenitic stainless steels KW - 21-4N KW - S30400 KW - Electrolytes KW - Fuel cells KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Niobium carbide KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Plate material KW - Resistivity KW - Elevated UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777131328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Characterization+and+performance+of+UNS+S63019+%2821-4N%29+as+bipolar+plate+material+in+a+simulated+polymer+electrolyte+membrane+fuel+cell+environment&rft.au=Howell%2C+Andrew+G%3BWang%2C+Heli%3BCowley%2C+Scott+W%3BTurner%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2011-07-15&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=5922&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2011.02.055 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.02.055 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quality analysis of wintertime B6-B20 biodiesel blend samples collected in the United States AN - 880657795; 14818021 AB - A survey of the quality of biodiesel blends in the United States was conducted in the winter of 2009-2010. Forty samples were collected in the study; two-thirds of the samples collected were from areas with a 10th percentile minimum ambient temperature below - 12 [deg]C. Fuel properties were measured and compared to the relevant ASTM D7467-09 specification properties. The B6-B20 study shows increased compliance with the blend level requirements to 72.5% of samples tested, with a cold state average biodiesel content of 12% and a warm state average biodiesel content of 19%. The decreased biodiesel content in cold states is likely to due to deliberate reductions to meet the cloud point expectations. Continuing problems were noted with induction period stability for B6-B20 blends, with a failure rate of 24%. Samples collected from cold weather states had a failure rate of only 18%, likely because of the reduced biodiesel content; the failure rate from warm weather states rose to 57%. Samples failed the induction period stability specification before the acid value increased to the point of failure and no acid value failures were recorded. No failures were observed water and sediment. A single failure was noted for flash point, likely due to external contamination during fuel handling. Cloud point and cold filter plugging points are reported. JF - Fuel Processing Technology AU - Alleman, Teresa L AU - Fouts, Lisa AU - McCormick, Robert L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., MS1634, Golden, CO 80401, USA, Teresa.Alleman@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DA - Jul 2011 SP - 1297 EP - 1304 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 92 IS - 7 SN - 0378-3820, 0378-3820 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Biodiesel blend KW - B20 KW - Quality KW - Filters KW - Weather KW - USA KW - winter KW - Fuels KW - Compliance KW - biofuels KW - Temperature KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/880657795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fuel+Processing+Technology&rft.atitle=Quality+analysis+of+wintertime+B6-B20+biodiesel+blend+samples+collected+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Alleman%2C+Teresa+L%3BFouts%2C+Lisa%3BMcCormick%2C+Robert+L&rft.aulast=Alleman&rft.aufirst=Teresa&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fuel+Processing+Technology&rft.issn=03783820&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fuproc.2011.02.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Weather; winter; Fuels; Compliance; Temperature; biofuels; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.02.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The status and prospects of renewable energy for combating global warming AN - 873118531; 4204211 AB - Reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in material quantities, globally, is a critical element in limiting the impacts of global warming. GHG emissions associated with energy extraction and use are a major component of any strategy addressing climate change mitigation. Non-emitting options for electrical power and liquid transportation fuels are increasingly considered key components of an energy system with lower overall environmental impacts. Renewable energy technologies (RETs) as well as biofuels technologies have been accelerating rapidly during the past decades, both in technology performance and cost-competitiveness - and they are increasingly gaining market share. These technology options offer many positive attributes, but also have unique cost/benefit trade-offs, such as land-use competition for bioresources and variability for wind and solar electric generation technologies. This paper presents a brief summary of status, recent progress, some technological highlights for RETs and biofuels, and an analysis of critical issues that must be addressed for RETs to meet a greater share of the global energy requirements and lower GHG emissions. All rights reserved, Elsevier JF - Energy economics AU - Arent, Douglas J AU - Wise, A AU - Gelman, R AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S.A. Y1 - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DA - Jul 2011 SP - 584 EP - 593 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0140-9883, 0140-9883 KW - Economics KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Strategic planning KW - Energy market KW - Energy planning KW - Climate change KW - Global warming KW - Competitiveness KW - Renewable energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873118531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+economics&rft.atitle=The+status+and+prospects+of+renewable+energy+for+combating+global+warming&rft.au=Arent%2C+Douglas+J%3BWise%2C+A%3BGelman%2C+R&rft.aulast=Arent&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=584&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+economics&rft.issn=01409883&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.eneco.2010.11.003 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 10876 4271; 5515 2382 2381 8560 9511 4309 4313; 4258 7711; 4260 3975 4335; 2382 2381 8560 9511 4309 4313; 12305 9560; 2932 2920 971 2934 3883; 2661 2649 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2010.11.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A p-Type Quantum Dot/Organic Donor:Acceptor Solar-Cell Structure for Extended Spectral Response AN - 1770374051; 20315200 AB - A coupled PbS quantum dot film and a PSBTBT:PCBM bulk heterojunction layer contribute comparable photocurrent in a new stacked solar-cell architecture with sensitivity in the near infrared and an efficiency >4%. With a focus on the energy level alignment between components, time-resolved microwave photoconductivity is used to elucidate the charge transport pathways for electrons and holes. JF - Advanced Energy Materials AU - Chen, Hsiang-Yu AU - Hou, Jianhui AU - Dayal, Smita AU - Huo, Lijun AU - Kopidakis, Nikos AU - Beard, Matthew C AU - Luther, Joseph M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden CO 80401, USA. Y1 - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DA - July 2011 SP - 528 EP - 533 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD United Kingdom VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1614-6832, 1614-6832 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Joining KW - Microwaves KW - Pathways KW - Energy levels KW - Photocurrent KW - Heterojunctions KW - Infrared KW - Charge transport KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1770374051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advanced+Energy+Materials&rft.atitle=A+p-Type+Quantum+Dot%2FOrganic+Donor%3AAcceptor+Solar-Cell+Structure+for+Extended+Spectral+Response&rft.au=Chen%2C+Hsiang-Yu%3BHou%2C+Jianhui%3BDayal%2C+Smita%3BHuo%2C+Lijun%3BKopidakis%2C+Nikos%3BBeard%2C+Matthew+C%3BLuther%2C+Joseph+M&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Hsiang-Yu&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advanced+Energy+Materials&rft.issn=16146832&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Faenm.201100190 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201100190 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing Photosynthetic and Photovoltaic Efficiencies and Recognizing the Potential for Improvement AN - 1777115206; 14873174 AB - Comparing photosynthetic and photovoltaic efficiencies is not a simple issue. Although both processes harvest the energy in sunlight, they operate in distinctly different ways and produce different types of products: biomass or chemical fuels in the case of natural photosynthesis and nonstored electrical current in the case of photovoltaics. In order to find common ground for evaluating energy-conversion efficiency, we compare natural photosynthesis with present technologies for photovoltaic-driven electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen. Photovoltaic-driven electrolysis is the more efficient process when measured on an annual basis, yet short-term yields for photosynthetic conversion under optimal conditions come within a factor of 2 or 3 of the photovoltaic benchmark. We consider opportunities in which the frontiers of synthetic biology might be used to enhance natural photosynthesis for improved solar energy conversion efficiency. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Blankenship, Robert E AU - Tiede, David M AU - Barber, James AU - Brudvig, Gary W AU - Fleming, Graham AU - Ghirardi, Maria AU - Gunner, M R AU - Junge, Wolfgang AU - Kramer, David M AU - Melis, Anastasios AU - Moore, Thomas A AU - Moser, Christopher C AU - Nocera, Daniel G AU - Nozik, Arthur J AU - Ort, Donald R AU - Parson, William W AU - Prince, Roger C AU - Sayre, Richard T AD - Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA. Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrueck, D-49069 Osnabrueck, Germany. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA. Department of Chemistry and Bioche Y1 - 2011/05/13/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 May 13 SP - 805 EP - 809 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington DC 20005 USA VL - 332 IS - 6031 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN) KW - Photosynthesis KW - Chemical fuels KW - Solar cells KW - Electrolysis KW - Conversion KW - Photovoltaic cells KW - Optimization KW - Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777115206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Comparing+Photosynthetic+and+Photovoltaic+Efficiencies+and+Recognizing+the+Potential+for+Improvement&rft.au=Blankenship%2C+Robert+E%3BTiede%2C+David+M%3BBarber%2C+James%3BBrudvig%2C+Gary+W%3BFleming%2C+Graham%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria%3BGunner%2C+M+R%3BJunge%2C+Wolfgang%3BKramer%2C+David+M%3BMelis%2C+Anastasios%3BMoore%2C+Thomas+A%3BMoser%2C+Christopher+C%3BNocera%2C+Daniel+G%3BNozik%2C+Arthur+J%3BOrt%2C+Donald+R%3BParson%2C+William+W%3BPrince%2C+Roger+C%3BSayre%2C+Richard+T&rft.aulast=Blankenship&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2011-05-13&rft.volume=332&rft.issue=6031&rft.spage=805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure of CBM4 from Clostridium thermocellum cellulase K AN - 889404766; 14904756 AB - Here, a 2.0Aa resolution X-ray structure of Clostridium thermocellum cellulase K family 4 carbohydrate-binding module (CelK CBM4) is reported. The resulting structure was refined to an R factor of 0.212 and an Rfree of 0.274. Structural analysis shows that this new structure is very similar to the previously solved structure of C. thermocellum CbhA CBM4. Most importantly, these data support the previously proposed notion of an extended binding pocket using a novel tryptophan-containing loop that may be highly conserved in clostridial CBM4 proteins. JF - Acta Crystallographica Section F AU - Alahuhta, Markus AU - Luo, Yonghua AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Lunin, Vladimir V AD - BioSciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3305, USA Y1 - 2011/05/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 May 01 SP - 527 EP - 530 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 67 IS - 5 SN - 1744-3091, 1744-3091 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Data processing KW - Ionizing radiation KW - double prime R factors KW - Clostridium thermocellum KW - Cellulase KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/889404766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Crystallographica+Section+F&rft.atitle=Structure+of+CBM4+from+Clostridium+thermocellum+cellulase+K&rft.au=Alahuhta%2C+Markus%3BLuo%2C+Yonghua%3BDing%2C+Shi-You%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BLunin%2C+Vladimir+V&rft.aulast=Alahuhta&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Crystallographica+Section+F&rft.issn=17443091&rft_id=info:doi/10.1107%2FS1744309111003307 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Document feature - figure 0 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; double prime R factors; Ionizing radiation; Cellulase; Clostridium thermocellum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1744309111003307 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High throughput determination of glucan and xylan fractions in lignocelluloses AN - 874193037; 14763911 AB - The analysis of structural glucan and xylan in lignocellulose was scaled down from original two-stage sulfuric acid hydrolysis methods (Moore WE and Johnson DB 1967 Procedures for the chemical analysis of wood and wood products. U.S. Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture., Madison, WI) and integrated into a recently-developed, high throughput pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification system. Novel 96 XNB1.8 ml-well Hastelloy reactor plates (128 XNB86 XNB51 mm) based on previously described 96-well pretreatment reactor plates were paired with custom aluminum filler plates (128 XNB86 XNB18 mm) for use in Symyx Powdernium solids dispensing systems. The incorporation of glucose oxidase and xylose dehydrogenase linked assays to speed post-hydrolysis sugar analysis dramatically reduced the time for analysis of large lignocellulosic sample sets. The current system permits the determination of the glucan and xylan content of 96 replicates (per reactor plate) in under 6 h and parallel plate processing increases the analysis throughput substantially. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Selig, Michael J AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Law, Cody AU - Doeppke, Crissa AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Decker, Stephen R AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA, Michael.Selig@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 961 EP - 967 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Nickel base alloys KW - Superalloys KW - Hastelloy KW - Forest products KW - Agriculture KW - Glucose oxidase KW - Sugar KW - Xylose KW - agriculture KW - Wood KW - forest products KW - Hydrolysis KW - dehydrogenase KW - lignocellulose KW - USA KW - Xylan KW - Aluminum KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Biotechnology KW - glucans KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/874193037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=High+throughput+determination+of+glucan+and+xylan+fractions+in+lignocelluloses&rft.au=Selig%2C+Michael+J%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BLaw%2C+Cody%3BDoeppke%2C+Crissa%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R&rft.aulast=Selig&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=961&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10529-011-0526-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Forest products; Sugar; Glucose oxidase; lignocellulose; Xylose; Xylan; Aluminum; Sulfuric acid; Hydrolysis; dehydrogenase; glucans; agriculture; forest products; Wood; Biotechnology; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-011-0526-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating renewable portfolio standards and carbon cap scenarios in the US electric sector AN - 865523670; 4188681 AB - This report examines the impact of renewable portfolio standards (RPS) and cap-and-trade policy options on the U.S. electricity sector. The analysis uses the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model that simulates the least-cost expansion of electricity generation capacity and transmission in the U.S. to examine the impact of a variety of emissions caps-and RPS scenarios both individually and combined. The generation mix, carbon emissions, and electricity price are examined for various policy combinations simulated in the modeling. All rights reserved, Elsevier JF - Energy policy AU - Bird, L AU - Chapman, C AU - Logan, J AU - Sumner, Jenny AU - Short, W AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 2573 EP - 2585 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0301-4215, 0301-4215 KW - Economics KW - Production capacity KW - Energy prices KW - Simulation KW - Electricity KW - Policy implementation KW - U.S.A. KW - Carbon emissions KW - Power generation KW - Modelling KW - Renewable energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/865523670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+policy&rft.atitle=Evaluating+renewable+portfolio+standards+and+carbon+cap+scenarios+in+the+US+electric+sector&rft.au=Bird%2C+L%3BChapman%2C+C%3BLogan%2C+J%3BSumner%2C+Jenny%3BShort%2C+W&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+policy&rft.issn=03014215&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enpol.2011.02.025 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 9624 9625 9628; 10876 4271; 4163 4246; 9971 4163 4246; 10243 10257 4722 12224 971; Carbon emissions; 4263 10107; 11670; 8162 8163; 433 293 14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.02.025 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of the hole-transport layer on the initial behavior and lifetime of inverted organic photovoltaics AN - 1777148296; 14919515 AB - The inverted organic photovoltaic (OPV) device architecture represents an important advancement due to the relative environmental stability of the electron transport layer (ETL) and hole-collecting contact. We investigated the initial and long-term behavior of inverted devices to identify changes taking place at the Ag hole-collecting contact. We show that efficient hole collection can be obtained after modifying the Ag contact by thermal annealing, long-term exposure to ambient atmosphere, or employing a high work function organic hole-transport layer (HTL). We find that whether or not the device employs an organic HTL, degradation of the photocurrent initially follows a simple exponential decay. After prolonged illumination (>500 h), devices with an organic HTL fail catastrophically due to a precipitous drop in photocurrent. Based on evidence for pinhole-induced degradation observed in photocurrent maps, we propose a nucleation and island growth mechanism and a model for the photocurrent behavior employing a modified Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation. Devices that do not contain an HTL appear to degrade by a mechanism other than pinhole ingress resulting in a more uniform degradation of the photocurrent across the active area. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Lloyd, Matthew T AU - Peters, Craig H AU - Garcia, Andres AU - Kauvar, Isaac V AU - Berry, Joseph J AU - Reese, Matthew O AU - McGehee, Michael D AU - Ginley, David S AU - Olson, Dana C AD - National Center for Photovoltaics, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA matthew.lloyd@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 1382 EP - 1388 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Organic photovoltaics KW - Inverted devices KW - Degradation KW - PEDOT:PSS KW - Hole-transport layer KW - Photocurrent KW - Solar cells KW - Devices KW - Contact KW - Silver KW - Photoelectric effect KW - Photovoltaic cells UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777148296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Influence+of+the+hole-transport+layer+on+the+initial+behavior+and+lifetime+of+inverted+organic+photovoltaics&rft.au=Lloyd%2C+Matthew+T%3BPeters%2C+Craig+H%3BGarcia%2C+Andres%3BKauvar%2C+Isaac+V%3BBerry%2C+Joseph+J%3BReese%2C+Matthew+O%3BMcGehee%2C+Michael+D%3BGinley%2C+David+S%3BOlson%2C+Dana+C&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2010.12.036 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2010.12.036 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consensus stability testing protocols for organic photovoltaic materials and devices AN - 1777145657; 14919516 AB - Procedures for testing organic solar cell devices and modules with respect to stability and operational lifetime are described. The descriptions represent a consensus of the discussion and conclusions reached during the first 3 years of the international summit on OPV stability (ISOS). The procedures include directions for shelf life testing, outdoor testing, laboratory weathering testing and thermal cycling testing, as well as guidelines for reporting data. These procedures are not meant to be qualification tests, but rather generally agreed test conditions and practices to allow ready comparison between laboratories and to help improving the reliability of reported values. Failure mechanisms and detailed degradation mechanisms are not covered in this report. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Reese, Matthew O AU - Gevorgyan, Suren A AU - Joergensen, Mikkel AU - Bundgaard, Eva AU - Kurtz, Sarah R AU - Ginley, David S AU - Olson, Dana C AU - Lloyd, Matthew T AU - Morvillo, Pasquale AU - Katz, Eugene A AU - Elschner, Andreas AU - Haillant, Olivier AU - Currier, Travis R AU - Shrotriya, Vishal AU - Hermenau, Martin AU - Riede, Moritz AU - Kirov, Kiril R AU - Trimmel, Gregor AU - Rath, Thomas AU - Inganaes, Olle AU - Zhang, Fengling AU - Andersson, Mattias AU - Tvingstedt, Kristofer AU - Lira-Cantu, Monica AU - Laird, Darin AU - McGuiness, Christine AU - Gowrisanker, Srinivas AU - Pannone, Michael AU - Xiao, Min AU - Hauch, Jens AU - Steim, Roland AU - DeLongchamp, Dean M AU - Roesch, Roland AU - Hoppe, Harald AU - Espinosa, Nieves AU - Urbina, Antonio AU - Yaman-Uzunoglu, Guelsah AU - Bonekamp, Joerg-Bernd AU - Van Breemen, Albert JJM AU - Girotto, Claudio AU - Voroshazi, Eszter AU - Krebs, Frederik C AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 1253 EP - 1267 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Stability KW - Lifetime KW - Testing KW - Protocol KW - Reporting KW - Solar cells KW - Guidelines KW - Devices KW - Outdoor KW - Thermal cycling KW - Descriptions KW - Photovoltaic cells UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777145657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Consensus+stability+testing+protocols+for+organic+photovoltaic+materials+and+devices&rft.au=Reese%2C+Matthew+O%3BGevorgyan%2C+Suren+A%3BJoergensen%2C+Mikkel%3BBundgaard%2C+Eva%3BKurtz%2C+Sarah+R%3BGinley%2C+David+S%3BOlson%2C+Dana+C%3BLloyd%2C+Matthew+T%3BMorvillo%2C+Pasquale%3BKatz%2C+Eugene+A%3BElschner%2C+Andreas%3BHaillant%2C+Olivier%3BCurrier%2C+Travis+R%3BShrotriya%2C+Vishal%3BHermenau%2C+Martin%3BRiede%2C+Moritz%3BKirov%2C+Kiril+R%3BTrimmel%2C+Gregor%3BRath%2C+Thomas%3BInganaes%2C+Olle%3BZhang%2C+Fengling%3BAndersson%2C+Mattias%3BTvingstedt%2C+Kristofer%3BLira-Cantu%2C+Monica%3BLaird%2C+Darin%3BMcGuiness%2C+Christine%3BGowrisanker%2C+Srinivas%3BPannone%2C+Michael%3BXiao%2C+Min%3BHauch%2C+Jens%3BSteim%2C+Roland%3BDeLongchamp%2C+Dean+M%3BRoesch%2C+Roland%3BHoppe%2C+Harald%3BEspinosa%2C+Nieves%3BUrbina%2C+Antonio%3BYaman-Uzunoglu%2C+Guelsah%3BBonekamp%2C+Joerg-Bernd%3BVan+Breemen%2C+Albert+JJM%3BGirotto%2C+Claudio%3BVoroshazi%2C+Eszter%3BKrebs%2C+Frederik+C&rft.aulast=Reese&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2011.01.036 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2011.01.036 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of offshore floating wind turbines-analysis of three concepts AN - 1020855413; 16702800 AB - This work presents a comprehensive dynamic-response analysis of three offshore floating wind turbine concepts. Models were composed of one 5MW turbine supported on land and three 5MW turbines located offshore on a tension leg platform, a spar buoy and a barge. A loads and stability analysis adhering to the procedures of international design standards was performed for each model using the fully coupled time domain aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulation tool FAST with AeroDyn and HydroDyn. The concepts are compared based on the calculated ultimate loads, fatigue loads and instabilities. The loads in the barge-supported turbine are the highest found for the three floating concepts. The differences in the loads between the tension leg platform-supported turbine and spar buoy-supported turbine are not significant, except for the loads in the tower, which are greater in the spar system. Instabilities in all systems also must be resolved. The results of this analysis will help resolve the fundamental design trade-offs between the floating-system concepts. JF - Wind Energy AU - Jonkman, J M AU - Matha, D AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado, USA, jason.jonkman@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 557 EP - 569 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1099-1824, 1099-1824 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Spar buoys KW - Simulation KW - fatigue KW - Turbines KW - Wind power KW - Wind energy KW - Offshore structures KW - Tension leg platforms KW - Barges KW - International standardization KW - Tension KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - Q2 09406:Energy from the sea KW - O 6020:Offshore Engineering and Operations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1020855413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+offshore+floating+wind+turbines-analysis+of+three+concepts&rft.au=Jonkman%2C+J+M%3BMatha%2C+D&rft.aulast=Jonkman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10991824&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.442 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/we.442/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Wind power; Offshore structures; Spar buoys; Tension leg platforms; Barges; Tension; Wind energy; Simulation; fatigue; International standardization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.442 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Water Consumption Impacts of Renewable Technologies: The Case of CSP T2 - 2011 American Water Resources Association Spring Specialty Conference (AWRA 2011) AN - 1312991822; 6065921 JF - 2011 American Water Resources Association Spring Specialty Conference (AWRA 2011) AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Newmark, Robin AU - Turchi, Craig Y1 - 2011/04/18/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Apr 18 KW - Water use KW - Technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312991822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+American+Water+Resources+Association+Spring+Specialty+Conference+%28AWRA+2011%29&rft.atitle=Water+Consumption+Impacts+of+Renewable+Technologies%3A+The+Case+of+CSP&rft.au=Macknick%2C+Jordan%3BNewmark%2C+Robin%3BTurchi%2C+Craig&rft.aulast=Macknick&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft.date=2011-04-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+American+Water+Resources+Association+Spring+Specialty+Conference+%28AWRA+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.awra.org/meetings/Baltimore2011/doc/Baltimore2011FinalProgram.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Green energy from green algae AN - 907170273; 15370498 AB - Looking for alternative 'green' energy technologies? Don't look too far! Microalgae are all around us and are being used, processed and packaged for different applications, from food to pharmaceutical products and now to generate renewable green energy such as hydrogen, biodiesel and other biofuels. Microalgae in general and green algae in particular have been studied for decades with the objective of utilizing their photosynthetic capacity and their ability to adapt to changing environment and nutrient conditions as a source of a variety of products. A new era has arrived where these functions are now being examined and targeted to efficiently convert solar energy into useful carbon-based fuels and chemical precursors (alkane, ethylene), as well as gas (hydrogen) or lipid-based storage compound such as triacylglycerols (TAGs) for biodiesel application. JF - Biochemist AU - Dubini, A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA Y1 - 2011/04// PY - 2011 DA - Apr 2011 SP - 20 EP - 23 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0954-982x, 0954-982x KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Photosynthesis KW - Fuels KW - Food KW - Nutrients KW - Hydrogen KW - Triglycerides KW - green development KW - Solar energy KW - Algae KW - Alkanes KW - biofuels KW - Storage KW - Energy KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Diesel KW - Ethylene KW - Biofuels KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907170273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemist&rft.atitle=Green+energy+from+green+algae&rft.au=Dubini%2C+A&rft.aulast=Dubini&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemist&rft.issn=0954982x&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alkanes; Food; Fuels; Triglycerides; Energy; Pharmaceuticals; Nutrients; Diesel; Ethylene; Hydrogen; Biofuels; Algae; Storage; Fuel technology; Photosynthesis; biofuels; green development; Solar energy; Technology ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Understanding cellobiohydrolase function by computation and experimentation T2 - 26th Fungal Genetics Conference (GSA FGC 2011) AN - 1312961075; 6060938 JF - 26th Fungal Genetics Conference (GSA FGC 2011) AU - Singh, Arjun AU - Taylor II, Larry AU - Beckham, Gregg AU - Vander Wall, Todd AU - Xu, Qi AU - Baker, John AU - Adney, William AU - Himmel, Michael Y1 - 2011/03/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 15 KW - cellobiohydrolase UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312961075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=26th+Fungal+Genetics+Conference+%28GSA+FGC+2011%29&rft.atitle=Understanding+cellobiohydrolase+function+by+computation+and+experimentation&rft.au=Singh%2C+Arjun%3BTaylor+II%2C+Larry%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg%3BVander+Wall%2C+Todd%3BXu%2C+Qi%3BBaker%2C+John%3BAdney%2C+William%3BHimmel%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Arjun&rft.date=2011-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=26th+Fungal+Genetics+Conference+%28GSA+FGC+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.fgsc.net/26thFGC/26FGCProgramAndAbstracts.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feasibility of Spectroscopic Characterization of Algal Lipids: Chemometric Correlation of NIR and FTIR Spectra with Exogenous Lipids in Algal Biomass AN - 855686442; 14089901 AB - A large number of algal biofuels projects rely on a lipid screening technique for selecting a particular algal strain with which to work. We have developed a multivariate calibration model for predicting the levels of spiked neutral and polar lipids in microalgae, based on infrared (both near-infrared (NIR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)) spectroscopy. The advantage of an infrared spectroscopic technique over traditional chemical methods is the direct, fast, and non-destructive nature of the screening method. This calibration model provides a fast and high-throughput method for determining lipid content, providing an alternative to laborious traditional wet chemical methods. We present data of a study based on nine levels of exogenous lipid spikes (between 1% and 3% (w/w)) of trilaurin as a triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine as a phospholipid model compound in lyophilized algal biomass. We used a chemometric approach to corrrelate the main spectral changes upon increasing phospholipid and triglyceride content in algal biomass collected from single species. A multivariate partial least squares (PLS) calibration model was built and improved upon with the addition of multiple species to the dataset. Our results show that NIR and FTIR spectra of biomass from four species can be used to accurately predict the levels of exogenously added lipids. It appears that the cross-species verification of the predictions is more accurate with the NIR models (R super(2)=0.969 and 0.951 and RMECV=0.182 and 0.227% for trilaurin and phosphatidylcholine spike respectively), compared with FTIR (R super(2)=0.907 and 0.464 and RMECV=0.302 and 0.767% for trilaurin and phosphatidylcholine spike, respectively). A fast high-throughput spectroscopic lipid fingerprinting method can be applied in a multitude of screening efforts that are ongoing in the microalgal research community. JF - BioEnergy Research AU - Laurens, Lieve ML AU - Wolfrum, Edward J AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO, 80401, USA, Ed.Wolfrum@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 22 EP - 35 PB - Springer New York, LLC, 233 Spring St New York NY 10013-1578 USA VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1939-1234, 1939-1234 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Fuel technology KW - Data processing KW - I.R. radiation KW - Lipids KW - biofuels KW - Lecithin KW - Spectroscopy KW - Biomass KW - Models KW - Fingerprinting KW - Fourier transforms KW - I.R. spectroscopy KW - Triglycerides KW - Biofuels KW - Algae KW - Phospholipids KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - K 03330:Biochemistry KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/855686442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioEnergy+Research&rft.atitle=Feasibility+of+Spectroscopic+Characterization+of+Algal+Lipids%3A+Chemometric+Correlation+of+NIR+and+FTIR+Spectra+with+Exogenous+Lipids+in+Algal+Biomass&rft.au=Laurens%2C+Lieve+ML%3BWolfrum%2C+Edward+J&rft.aulast=Laurens&rft.aufirst=Lieve&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioEnergy+Research&rft.issn=19391234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12155-010-9098-y LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fingerprinting; I.R. radiation; Data processing; I.R. spectroscopy; Triglycerides; Lipids; Lecithin; Biomass; Biofuels; Phospholipids; Models; Algae; Feasibility studies; Fuel technology; Fourier transforms; biofuels; Spectroscopy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-010-9098-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Algal Biofuels: THE PROCESS AN - 1762114538; 14622818 AB - The idea of converting oils derived from microalgae into high-energy-density transportation fuels is not new. In fact, from 1979 to 1996, the U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE) sponsored the Aquatic Species Program (ASP), which thoroughly explored many facets of algal biofuel production -- from basic biology involving strain selection, growth, and lipid productivity to process-relevant, large-scale cultivation. JF - Chemical Engineering Progress AU - Knoshaug, E P AU - Darzins, A AD - U.S. Dept. of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA eric.knoshaug@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 37 EP - 41,47 PB - American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AICHE), 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5901 USA VL - 107 IS - 3 SN - 0360-7275, 0360-7275 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Materials Business File (MB); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN) KW - Transportation KW - Converting KW - Lipids KW - Fuels KW - Chemical engineering KW - Strain KW - Productivity KW - Cultivation KW - Biology KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1762114538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Engineering+Progress&rft.atitle=Algal+Biofuels%3A+THE+PROCESS&rft.au=Knoshaug%2C+E+P%3BDarzins%2C+A&rft.aulast=Knoshaug&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Engineering+Progress&rft.issn=03607275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An integrated model for estimating energy cost of a tidal current turbine farm AN - 1671511212; 14181620 AB - A tidal current turbine is a device for harnessing energy from tidal currents and functions in a manner similar to a wind turbine. A tidal current turbine farm consists of a group of tidal current turbines distributed in a site where high-speed current is available. The accurate prediction of energy cost of a tidal current turbine farm is important to the justification of planning and constructing such a farm. However, the existing approaches used to predict energy cost of tidal current turbine farms oversimplify the hydrodynamic interactions between turbines in energy prediction and oversimplify the operation and maintenance strategies involved in cost estimation as well as related fees. In this paper, we develop a model, which integrates a marine hydrodynamic model with high accuracy for predicting energy output and a comprehensive cost-effective operation and maintenance model for estimating the cost that may be incurred in producing the energy, to predict energy cost from a tidal current turbine farm. This model is expected to be able to simulate more complicated cases and generate more accurate results than existing models. As there is no real tidal current turbine farm, we validate this model with offshore wind studies. Finally, case studies about Vancouver are conducted with a scenario-based analysis. We minimize the energy cost by minimizing the total cost and maximizing the total power output under constraints related to the local conditions (e.g., geological and labor information) and the turbine specifications. The results suggest that tidal current energy is about ready to penetrate the electricity market in some major cities in North America if learning curve for the operational and maintenance is minimum. JF - Energy Conversion & Management AU - Li, Ye AU - Lence, Barbara J AU - Calisal, Sander M AD - Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 1051-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z4 ye.li@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 1677 EP - 1687 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0196-8904, 0196-8904 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Tidal current energy KW - Energy cost KW - Tidal current turbine farm KW - Operation and maintenance cost KW - Cost effective analysis KW - Scenario-based analysis KW - Turbines KW - Computational fluid dynamics KW - Mathematical models KW - Farms KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Marketing KW - Energy costs KW - Fluid flow KW - Maintenance KW - Marine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671511212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Conversion+%26+Management&rft.atitle=An+integrated+model+for+estimating+energy+cost+of+a+tidal+current+turbine+farm&rft.au=Li%2C+Ye%3BLence%2C+Barbara+J%3BCalisal%2C+Sander+M&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Ye&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Conversion+%26+Management&rft.issn=01968904&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enconman.2010.10.031 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.10.031 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peak External Photocurrent Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 100% via MEG in a Quantum Dot Solar Cell AN - 1753510656; 16167524 AB - Multiple exciton generation (MEG) is a process that can occur in semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots (QDs), whereby absorption of a photon bearing at least twice the bandgap energy produces two or more electron-hole pairs. Here, we report on photocurrent enhancement arising from MEG in lead selenide (PbSe) QD-based solar cells, as manifested by an external quantum efficiency (the spectrally resolved ratio of collected charge carriers to incident photons) that peaked at 114 plus or minus 1% in the best device measured. The associated internal quantum efficiency (corrected for reflection and absorption losses) was 130%. We compare our results with transient absorption measurements of MEG in isolated PbSe QDs and find reasonable agreement. Our findings demonstrate that MEG charge carriers can be collected in suitably designed QD solar cells, providing ample incentive to better understand MEG within isolated and coupled QDs as a research path to enhancing the efficiency of solar light harvesting technologies. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Semonin, Octavi E AU - Luther, Joseph M AU - Choi, Sukgeun AU - Chen, Hsiang-Yu AU - Gao, Jianbo AU - Nozik, Arthur J AU - Beard, Matthew C AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA PY - 2011 SP - 1530 EP - 1533 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington DC 20005 United States VL - 334 IS - 6062 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN) KW - Photons KW - Quantum dots KW - Photocurrent KW - Solar cells KW - Semiconductors KW - Quantum efficiency KW - Charge carriers KW - Photoelectric effect KW - Photovoltaic cells UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1753510656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Peak+External+Photocurrent+Quantum+Efficiency+Exceeding+100%25+via+MEG+in+a+Quantum+Dot+Solar+Cell&rft.au=Semonin%2C+Octavi+E%3BLuther%2C+Joseph+M%3BChoi%2C+Sukgeun%3BChen%2C+Hsiang-Yu%3BGao%2C+Jianbo%3BNozik%2C+Arthur+J%3BBeard%2C+Matthew+C&rft.aulast=Semonin&rft.aufirst=Octavi&rft.date=2011-02-06&rft.volume=334&rft.issue=6062&rft.spage=1530&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Systems for electrical power from co-produced and low temperature geothermal resources AN - 1676579133; 2015-036738 JF - Quarterly Bulletin - Oregon Institute of Technology. Geo-Heat Center AU - Reinhardt, Timothy AU - Johnson, Lyle A AU - Popovich, Neil Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 9 EP - 12 PB - Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, OR VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0276-1084, 0276-1084 KW - United States KW - Teapot Dome KW - survey organizations KW - Madison Formation KW - government agencies KW - power plants KW - Natrona County Wyoming KW - research KW - production KW - temperature KW - National Renewable Energy Lab KW - history KW - geothermal energy KW - Wyoming KW - progress report KW - Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center KW - report KW - low temperature KW - Geothermal Technologies Program KW - Casper Wyoming KW - Tensleep Sandstone KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1676579133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Bulletin+-+Oregon+Institute+of+Technology.+Geo-Heat+Center&rft.atitle=Systems+for+electrical+power+from+co-produced+and+low+temperature+geothermal+resources&rft.au=Reinhardt%2C+Timothy%3BJohnson%2C+Lyle+A%3BPopovich%2C+Neil&rft.aulast=Reinhardt&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quarterly+Bulletin+-+Oregon+Institute+of+Technology.+Geo-Heat+Center&rft.issn=02761084&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://geoheat.oit.edu/bulletin/bull29-4/bull29-4-link.htm http://www.oit.edu/orec/geo-heat-center/quarterly-bulletin LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OR N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - GUCBDK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Casper Wyoming; geothermal energy; Geothermal Technologies Program; government agencies; history; low temperature; Madison Formation; National Renewable Energy Lab; Natrona County Wyoming; power plants; production; progress report; report; research; Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center; survey organizations; Teapot Dome; temperature; Tensleep Sandstone; United States; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In planta expression of A. cellulolyticus Cel5A endocellulase reduces cell wall recalcitrance in tobacco and maize AN - 864419588; 14388715 AB - The glycoside hydrolase family 5 endocellulase, E1 (Cel5A), from Acidothermus cellulolyticus was transformed into both Nicotiana tabacum and Zea mays with expression targeted to the cell wall under a constitutive promoter. Here we explore the possibility that in planta expression of endocellulases will allow these enzymes to access their substrates during cell wall construction, rendering cellulose more amenable to pretreatment and enzyme digestion. Tobacco and maize plants were healthy and developed normally compared with the wild type (WT). After thermochemical pretreatment and enzyme digestion, transformed plants were clearly more digestible than WT, requiring lower pretreatment severity to achieve comparable conversion levels. Furthermore, the decreased recalcitrance was not due to post-pretreatment residual E1 activity and could not be reproduced by the addition of exogenous E1 to the biomass prior to pretreatment, indicating that the expression of E1 during cell wall construction altered the inherent recalcitrance of the cell wall. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Selig, Michael J AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Lee, David AU - Blaylock, Michael J AU - Decker, Stephen R AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, MS 3323, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2011/01/26/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 26 SP - 1 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL UK VL - 4 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Cellulose KW - biofuels KW - Enzymes KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - Biomass KW - Digestion KW - Promoters KW - Zea mays KW - Tobacco KW - glycoside hydrolase KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - Cell walls KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864419588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=In+planta+expression+of+A.+cellulolyticus+Cel5A+endocellulase+reduces+cell+wall+recalcitrance+in+tobacco+and+maize&rft.au=Brunecky%2C+Roman%3BSelig%2C+Michael+J%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BLee%2C+David%3BBlaylock%2C+Michael+J%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R&rft.aulast=Brunecky&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft.date=2011-01-26&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=1754-6834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-4-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Digestion; Promoters; Cellulose; glycoside hydrolase; Enzymes; Biomass; Biofuels; Cell walls; Fuel technology; biofuels; Tobacco; Biotechnology; Zea mays; Nicotiana tabacum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-4-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon taxes: a review of experience and policy design considerations AN - 876225925; 14883845 AB - State and local governments in the USA are evaluating a wide range of policies to reduce carbon emissions, including carbon taxes, which have existed internationally for nearly 20 years. In this article, existing carbon tax policies, both internationally and in the USA, are reviewed, and carbon policy design and effectiveness are analysed. Design considerations include which sectors to tax, where to set the tax rate, how to use tax revenues, what the impact will be on consumers, and how to ensure that emissions reduction goals are achieved. Emissions reductions that are due to carbon taxes can be difficult to measure, although some jurisdictions quantify reductions in overall emissions, others examine impacts that are due to programmes funded by carbon tax revenues. JF - Climate Policy AU - Sumner, Jenny AU - Bird, Lori AU - Dobos, Hillary AD - Corresponding author., jenny.sumner@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 922 PB - Earthscan, Dunstan House London EC1N 8XA UK VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1469-3062, 1469-3062 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - carbon tax KW - climate change policies KW - domestic policy instruments KW - GHG reductions KW - policy formation KW - Taxation KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - Public policy and climate KW - Emissions KW - Emission control KW - jurisdiction KW - Environmental policy KW - Carbon emissions KW - Design KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876225925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climate+Policy&rft.atitle=Carbon+taxes%3A+a+review+of+experience+and+policy+design+considerations&rft.au=Sumner%2C+Jenny%3BBird%2C+Lori%3BDobos%2C+Hillary&rft.aulast=Sumner&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=922&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climate+Policy&rft.issn=14693062&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public policy and climate; Carbon emissions; Taxation; Reviews; Emissions; Emission control; jurisdiction; Environmental policy; Design; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conditioning of dilute-acid pretreated corn stover hydrolysate liquors by treatment with lime or ammonium hydroxide to improve conversion of sugars to ethanol AN - 1777117560; 14180420 AB - Dilute-acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass enhances the ability of enzymes to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose, but produces many toxic compounds that inhibit fermentation of sugars to ethanol. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of treating hydrolysate liquor with Ca(OH) sub(2) and NH sub(4)OH for improving ethanol yields. Corn stover was pretreated in a pilot-scale reactor and then the liquor fraction (hydrolysate) was extracted and treated with various amounts of Ca(OH) sub(2) or NH sub(4)OH at several temperatures. Glucose and xylose in the treated liquor were fermented to ethanol using a glucose-xylose fermenting bacteria, Zymomonas mobilis 8b. Sugar losses up to 10% occurred during treatment with Ca(OH) sub(2), but these losses were two to fourfold lower with NH sub(4)OH treatment. Ethanol yields for NH sub(4)OH-treated hydrolysate were 33% greater than those achieved in Ca(OH) sub(2)-treated hydrolysate and pH adjustment to either 6.0 or 8.5 with NH sub(4)OH prior to fermentation produced equivalent ethanol yields. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Jennings, Edward W AU - Schell, Daniel J AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, United States ed.jennings@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 1240 EP - 1245 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 102 IS - 2 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Cellulose KW - Conditioning KW - Detoxification KW - Ammonium hydroxide KW - Overliming KW - Bacteria KW - Fermentation KW - Ethyl alcohol KW - Corn KW - Glucose KW - Sugars KW - Hydrolysates KW - Ethanol KW - Dilution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777117560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Conditioning+of+dilute-acid+pretreated+corn+stover+hydrolysate+liquors+by+treatment+with+lime+or+ammonium+hydroxide+to+improve+conversion+of+sugars+to+ethanol&rft.au=Jennings%2C+Edward+W%3BSchell%2C+Daniel+J&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2010.08.024 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.024 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of alkaline or liquid-ammonia treatment on crystalline cellulose: changes in crystalline structure and effects on enzymatic digestibility AN - 1028037695; 16899418 AB - Background: In converting biomass to bioethanol, pretreatment is a key step intended to render cellulose more amenable and accessible to cellulase enzymes and thus increase glucose yields. In this study, four cellulose samples with different degrees of polymerization and crystallinity indexes were subjected to aqueous sodium hydroxide and anhydrous liquid ammonia treatments. The effects of the treatments on cellulose crystalline structure were studied, in addition to the effects on the digestibility of the celluloses by a cellulase complex. Results: From X-ray diffractograms and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, it was revealed that treatment with liquid ammonia produced the cellulose III sub(I )allomorph; however, crystallinity depended on treatment conditions. Treatment at a low temperature (25 degree C) resulted in a less crystalline product, whereas treatment at elevated temperatures (130 degree C or 140 degree C) gave a more crystalline product. Treatment of cellulose I with aqueous sodium hydroxide (16.5 percent by weight) resulted in formation of cellulose II, but also produced a much less crystalline cellulose. The relative digestibilities of the different cellulose allomorphs were tested by exposing the treated and untreated cellulose samples to a commercial enzyme mixture (Genencor-Danisco; GC 220). The digestibility results showed that the starting cellulose I samples were the least digestible (except for corn stover cellulose, which had a high amorphous content). Treatment with sodium hydroxide produced the most digestible cellulose, followed by treatment with liquid ammonia at a low temperature. Factor analysis indicated that initial rates of digestion (up to 24 hours) were most strongly correlated with amorphous content. Correlation of allomorph type with digestibility was weak, but was strongest with cellulose conversion at later times. The cellulose III sub(I )samples produced at higher temperatures had comparable crystallinities to the initial cellulose I samples, but achieved higher levels of cellulose conversion, at longer digestion times. Conclusions: Earlier studies have focused on determining which cellulose allomorph is the most digestible. In this study we have found that the chemical treatments to produce different allomorphs also changed the crystallinity of the cellulose, and this had a significant effect on the digestibility of the substrate. When determining the relative digestibilities of different cellulose allomorphs it is essential to also consider the relative crystallinities of the celluloses being tested. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Mittal, Ashutosh AU - Katahira, Rui AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Johnson, David K AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 41 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Crystallinity KW - Polymerization KW - Factor analysis KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - Cellulase KW - Digestion KW - Guanylate cyclase KW - Sodium hydroxide KW - Low temperature KW - N.M.R. KW - Ethanol KW - Temperature effects KW - Ammonia KW - Temperature KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Sodium KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Digestibility KW - Hydroxides KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - W 30910:Imaging KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1028037695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Effects+of+alkaline+or+liquid-ammonia+treatment+on+crystalline+cellulose%3A+changes+in+crystalline+structure+and+effects+on+enzymatic+digestibility&rft.au=Mittal%2C+Ashutosh%3BKatahira%2C+Rui%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BJohnson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Mittal&rft.aufirst=Ashutosh&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-4-41 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/41 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Crystallinity; Polymerization; Factor analysis; Ammonia; Cellulose; Glucose; Enzymes; Biomass; Cellulase; Digestion; Guanylate cyclase; Sodium hydroxide; Ionizing radiation; Digestibility; N.M.R.; Biofuels; Ethanol; Sodium; Low temperature; Temperature; Hydroxides; Biotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-4-41 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elucidating the role of ferrous ion cocatalyst in enhancing dilute acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass AN - 1028028848; 16899425 AB - Background: Recently developed iron cocatalyst enhancement of dilute acid pretreatment of biomass is a promising approach for enhancing sugar release from recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass. However, very little is known about the underlying mechanisms of this enhancement. In the current study, our aim was to identify several essential factors that contribute to ferrous ion-enhanced efficiency during dilute acid pretreatment of biomass and to initiate the investigation of the mechanisms that result in this enhancement. Results: During dilute acid and ferrous ion cocatalyst pretreatments, we observed concomitant increases in solubilized sugars in the hydrolysate and reducing sugars in the (insoluble) biomass residues. We also observed enhancements in sugar release during subsequent enzymatic saccharification of iron cocatalyst-pretreated biomass. Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy showed that major peaks representing the C-O-C and C-H bonds in cellulose are significantly attenuated by iron cocatalyst pretreatment. Imaging using Prussian blue staining indicated that Fe super(2+ )ions associate with both cellulose/xylan and lignin in untreated as well as dilute acid/Fe super(2+ )ion-pretreated corn stover samples. Analyses by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed structural details of biomass after dilute acid/Fe super(2+ )ion pretreatment, in which delamination and fibrillation of the cell wall were observed. Conclusions: By using this multimodal approach, we have revealed that (1) acid-ferrous ion-assisted pretreatment increases solubilization and enzymatic digestion of both cellulose and xylan to monomers and (2) this pretreatment likely targets multiple chemistries in plant cell wall polymer networks, including those represented by the C-O-C and C-H bonds in cellulose. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Wei, Hui AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Ciesielski, Peter N AU - Wang, Wei AU - Gedvilas, Lynn M AU - Zeng, Yining AU - Johnson, David K AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Tucker, Melvin P AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 48 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - dilute acid pretreatment KW - iron cocatalyst KW - ferrous ions KW - metal cocatalyst KW - biomass KW - cellulose KW - corn stover KW - cotton linter KW - filter paper KW - Fourier transform KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Fuel technology KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Cellulose KW - Plant cells KW - Solubilization KW - Corn KW - Hydrolysates KW - Sugar KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Biomass KW - imaging KW - Monomers KW - Fourier transforms KW - Xylan KW - Fibrillation KW - Microscopy KW - Lignin KW - Iron KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - Cell walls KW - W 30910:Imaging KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1028028848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Elucidating+the+role+of+ferrous+ion+cocatalyst+in+enhancing+dilute+acid+pretreatment+of+lignocellulosic+biomass&rft.au=Wei%2C+Hui%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon+S%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BCiesielski%2C+Peter+N%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BGedvilas%2C+Lynn+M%3BZeng%2C+Yining%3BJohnson%2C+David+K%3BDing%2C+Shi-You%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=Hui&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-4-48 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/48 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scanning electron microscopy; Sugar; Transmission electron microscopy; Cellulose; Biomass; imaging; Monomers; Raman spectroscopy; Plant cells; Xylan; Fibrillation; Solubilization; Lignin; Iron; Hydrolysates; Biofuels; Cell walls; Fuel technology; Fourier transforms; Corn; Microscopy; Biotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-4-48 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Systems for electrical power from coproduced and low temperature geothermal resources AN - 1008820018; 2012-039629 JF - Proceedings - Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering AU - Reinhardt, Timothy AU - Johnson, Lyle A AU - Popovich, Neil AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 PB - Stanford University, Stanford Geothermal Program, Stanford, CA VL - 191 SN - 1058-2525, 1058-2525 KW - geothermal energy KW - programs KW - geothermal reservoirs KW - geothermal exploration KW - energy sources KW - low temperature KW - power plants KW - production KW - design KW - temperature KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008820018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Workshop+on+Geothermal+Reservoir+Engineering&rft.atitle=Systems+for+electrical+power+from+coproduced+and+low+temperature+geothermal+resources&rft.au=Reinhardt%2C+Timothy%3BJohnson%2C+Lyle+A%3BPopovich%2C+Neil%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Reinhardt&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Workshop+on+Geothermal+Reservoir+Engineering&rft.issn=10582525&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/pdf/IGAstandard/SGW/2011/reinhardt.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 36th workshop on Geothermal reservoir engineering N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Stanford Geothermal Program workshop report SGP-TR-191 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - design; energy sources; geothermal energy; geothermal exploration; geothermal reservoirs; low temperature; power plants; production; programs; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of direct-use projects AN - 1008818716; 2012-039563 JF - Proceedings - Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering AU - Lund, John W AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 PB - Stanford University, Stanford Geothermal Program, Stanford, CA VL - 191 SN - 1058-2525, 1058-2525 KW - consumption KW - geothermal wells KW - production KW - temperature KW - geothermal energy KW - utilization KW - energy sources KW - buildings KW - economics KW - instruments KW - high temperature KW - design KW - demand KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008818716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Workshop+on+Geothermal+Reservoir+Engineering&rft.atitle=Development+of+direct-use+projects&rft.au=Lund%2C+John+W%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lund&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Workshop+on+Geothermal+Reservoir+Engineering&rft.issn=10582525&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/pdf/IGAstandard/SGW/2011/lund.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 36th workshop on Geothermal reservoir engineering N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Stanford Geothermal Program workshop report SGP-TR-191 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - buildings; consumption; demand; design; economics; energy sources; geothermal energy; geothermal wells; high temperature; instruments; production; temperature; utilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of techniques for measuring carrier lifetime in thin-film and multicrystalline photovoltaic materials AN - 849485493; 13947772 AB - Rapid and contactless measurement of the recombination lifetime has become a very important issue in photovoltaics. The recombination lifetime is probably the most critical and variable parameter in photovoltaic materials. In this work, we will first develop the theory behind several of the more widely used techniques. The common methods include directly measuring the transient photo-induced excess carrier decay rate. The quasi-steady-state photoconductivity measures the excess conductivity during optical excitation. The carrier lifetime is calculated from the steady-state signal using algorithms that include carrier mobility and doping density. Time-resolved photoluminescence measures the photon emission signal as a function of time, after pulsed excitation. For polycrystalline materials, the influence of traps on the measurement will be analyzed. We will analyze data on a variety of samples using all of these techniques. The representative samples include thin-film and wafer silicon materials that are currently popular in the photovoltaic community. The correct analysis of lifetime data will be emphasized in this work. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Ahrenkiel, R K AU - Call, N AU - Johnston, S W AU - Metzger, W K AD - Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA rahren@mac.comrichard_ahrenkiel@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 2197 EP - 2204 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 94 IS - 12 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/849485493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+techniques+for+measuring+carrier+lifetime+in+thin-film+and+multicrystalline+photovoltaic+materials&rft.au=Ahrenkiel%2C+R+K%3BCall%2C+N%3BJohnston%2C+S+W%3BMetzger%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Ahrenkiel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2010.07.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2010.07.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A method to measure resistivity, mobility, and absorber thickness in thin-film solar cells with application to CdTe devices AN - 1777148236; 13947751 AB - We report a method developed upon coordinated admittance spectroscopy and capacitance-voltage techniques to measure resistivity, mobility, and absorber thickness in thin-film photovoltaic devices. The absorber thickness is measured by depletion region width at freeze-out temperatures when the free carriers cease to respond to bias modulation. Based on a lumped-parameter equivalent-circuit model, we derive the inflection frequency due to dielectric relaxation of the absorber. We show that the square of freeze-out frequency depends linearly on bias voltage. Resistivity - and mobility - is calculated from the slope of this linear dependence. To demonstrate this method, we applied it to thin-film CdTe solar cells with back contacts formed under three different conditions: (A) with Cu in the carbon paste after nitric-phosphoric etch, (B) without Cu in the carbon paste after nitric-phosphoric etch, and (C) without Cu in the carbon paste and without nitric-phosphoric etch. The measured absorber thicknesses (5.45, 5.85, and 7.95 km, respectively) agree well with growth history and other methods. Study using this method also yields insights to back-contact formation mechanism in terms of etching loss, Te-rich layer, and Cu doping/alloying. The freeze-out exhibits thermal activation due to combined contribution from mobility and carrier concentration. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Li, Jian V AU - Li, Xiaonan AU - Albin, David S AU - Levi, Dean H AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA jian.li@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 2073 EP - 2077 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 94 IS - 12 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Ceramic Abstracts/World Ceramics Abstracts (WC); Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Admittance spectroscopy KW - Capacitance-voltage KW - Mobility KW - Absorber thickness KW - CdTe KW - Back contact KW - Mathematical models KW - Carbon KW - Solar cells KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Copper KW - Etching KW - Photovoltaic cells KW - Alloying UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777148236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=A+method+to+measure+resistivity%2C+mobility%2C+and+absorber+thickness+in+thin-film+solar+cells+with+application+to+CdTe+devices&rft.au=Li%2C+Jian+V%3BLi%2C+Xiaonan%3BAlbin%2C+David+S%3BLevi%2C+Dean+H&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Jian&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2073&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2010.06.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2010.06.018 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deactivation mechanisms of Ni-based tar reforming catalysts as monitored by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. AN - 760237527; 20586431 AB - Deactivation mechanisms of alumina-supported, Ni-based catalysts for tar reforming in biomass-derived syngas were evaluated using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Catalysts were characterized before and after catalytic reaction cycles and regeneration procedures, which included oxidation by a mixture of steam and air, and reduction in hydrogen. Qualitative analysis of the EXAFS spectra revealed that oxidation of a portion of the Ni in the catalysts to form an oxide phase and/or a sulfide phase were likely scenarios that led to catalyst deactivation with time-on-stream and with increased reaction cycles. Deactivation through carbon deposition, phosphorus poisoning, or changes in particle size were deemed as unlikely causes. Quantitative analysis of the EXAFS spectra indicated sulfur poisoning occurred with time-on-stream, and the contaminating species could not be completely removed during the regeneration protocols. The results also verified that Ni-containing oxide phases (most likely a spinel also containing Mg and Al) formed and contributed to the deactivation. This study validates the need for developing catalyst systems that will protect Ni from sulfur poisoning and oxide formation at elevated reaction and regeneration temperatures. JF - Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids AU - Yung, Matthew M AU - Kuhn, John N AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. matthew_yung@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/11/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Nov 02 SP - 16589 EP - 16594 VL - 26 IS - 21 KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Aluminum Oxide KW - LMI26O6933 KW - Index Medicus KW - X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy KW - Particle Size KW - Kinetics KW - Surface Properties KW - Catalysis KW - Aluminum Oxide -- chemistry KW - Nickel -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760237527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Langmuir+%3A+the+ACS+journal+of+surfaces+and+colloids&rft.atitle=Deactivation+mechanisms+of+Ni-based+tar+reforming+catalysts+as+monitored+by+X-ray+absorption+spectroscopy.&rft.au=Yung%2C+Matthew+M%3BKuhn%2C+John+N&rft.aulast=Yung&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2010-11-02&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=16589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Langmuir+%3A+the+ACS+journal+of+surfaces+and+colloids&rft.issn=1520-5827&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fla1016593 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2010-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la1016593 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineralogical and textural controls on thermal conductivity; an example from South Table Mountain, Golden, CO AN - 902080741; 2011-096868 AB - A material's ability to conduct heat and the ability to measure such a property has led to the utilization of thermal conductivity and the testing thereof in a wide range of research areas and industries. Controlling factors include, but are not limited to, a rock's mineral assemblage/rock type, fluid type, fluid saturation level, porosity and permeability, crystal structure and crystal orientation. As part of a larger study into the installation of ground source heat pumps to deliver geothermal energy, we present integrated results from stratigraphy, automated mineralogy, and geotechnical and thermal conductivity testing carried out on a 300-foot wireline core section obtained from South Table Mountain, Golden, CO. The aim of this study is to link lithologic units, mineralogical and also textural changes (e.g. grain size distribution, laminations etc.) within key units of the Upper Cretaceous- to late Tertiary-age Denver Formation and the overlying Tertiary-age shoshonites with physical (thermal) variations. With nearly 90% wireline core recovery and approximately 70% Rock Quality Designation (RQD), this study presents a unique opportunity to evaluate a very detailed record of the Denver Formation (interbedded horizons of shale, siltstone and lenticular andesitic sandstone). Initial results suggest that, even though thermal conductivity values are generally low and display only a narrow range, mineralogical and textural changes are greater than previously recognized. Hence, findings of this study will greatly contribute to our understanding of the relationship between a rock's intrinsic characteristics and its ability to conduct heat. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Appleby, Sarah K AU - Roberts, Todd AU - Anderson, Erin AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 583 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - Golden Colorado KW - volcanic rocks KW - thermal conductivity KW - Jefferson County Colorado KW - Cretaceous KW - igneous rocks KW - sandstone KW - Upper Cretaceous KW - cores KW - Cenozoic KW - controls KW - sedimentary rocks KW - mineral composition KW - materials KW - heat flow KW - siltstone KW - basalts KW - mineral assemblages KW - sedimentary structures KW - Denver Formation KW - shoshonite KW - laminations KW - textures KW - shale KW - grain size KW - South Table Mountain KW - porosity KW - Mesozoic KW - measurement KW - Tertiary KW - planar bedding structures KW - saturation KW - Colorado KW - clastic rocks KW - permeability KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902080741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Mineralogical+and+textural+controls+on+thermal+conductivity%3B+an+example+from+South+Table+Mountain%2C+Golden%2C+CO&rft.au=Appleby%2C+Sarah+K%3BRoberts%2C+Todd%3BAnderson%2C+Erin%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Appleby&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2010 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basalts; Cenozoic; clastic rocks; Colorado; controls; cores; Cretaceous; Denver Formation; Golden Colorado; grain size; heat flow; igneous rocks; Jefferson County Colorado; laminations; materials; measurement; Mesozoic; mineral assemblages; mineral composition; permeability; planar bedding structures; porosity; sandstone; saturation; sedimentary rocks; sedimentary structures; shale; shoshonite; siltstone; South Table Mountain; Tertiary; textures; thermal conductivity; United States; Upper Cretaceous; volcanic rocks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical characterization of biomass-derived and terra preta chars with pyrolysis mass spectrometry AN - 864945551; 2011-042099 AB - Biomass is a complex polymeric material and its thermal decomposition via pyrolysis is a multistage process that forms solid, liquid, and gaseous products with yields, carbon content, and pore structure dependent on process conditions. Transforming biomass into charcoal causes a 60-70% weight loss, rearrangement of the original sugars to aromatics, and formation of a porous and reactive carbon surface. The resulting charcoal has a variety of chemical functionalities on its surface, which also depend on feedstock and process temperature. Charcoal-like terra preta deposits, which are characterized by enhanced microbial and fungal activity, and found in both temperate and tropical climates, have been definitively linked with increased soil productivity. FTIR analysis has shown the presence of alkyl aromatic units that contain hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, ether, and lactone structures on char surfaces. We are using pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry, a technique that is useful for characterizing biomolecules, to chemically characterize both naturally occurring and produced chars. Analytical results will be discussed that compare similarities and differences between natural terra preta and engineered biochars. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Magrini-Bair, Kimberly A AU - Evans, Robert J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 159 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - soils KW - charcoal KW - chemical analysis KW - terra preta KW - biomass KW - characterization KW - mass spectroscopy KW - organic compounds KW - pyrolysis KW - hydrocarbons KW - chemical properties KW - transformations KW - spectroscopy KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864945551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Chemical+characterization+of+biomass-derived+and+terra+preta+chars+with+pyrolysis+mass+spectrometry&rft.au=Magrini-Bair%2C+Kimberly+A%3BEvans%2C+Robert+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Magrini-Bair&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2010 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; biomass; characterization; charcoal; chemical analysis; chemical properties; hydrocarbons; mass spectroscopy; organic compounds; pyrolysis; soils; spectroscopy; terra preta; transformations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shell anomalies observed in a population of Archaias angulatus (Foraminifera) from the Florida Keys (USA) sampled in 1982-83 and 2006-07 AN - 913701623; 2012-008998 AB - Archived specimens of Archaias angulatus collected live at a depth of <2 m in John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park, Key Largo, Florida, in June, September, and December 1982, and March 1983, were compared to specimens collected live from the same site and months in 2006-07. Shells were examined using light microscopy for anomalous features, which were then documented using scanning electron microscopy. Seven different types of morphological abnormalities and five different surface texture anomalies were observed. Physical abnormalities included profoundly deformed, curled, asymmetrical, and uncoiled shells, irregular suture lines, surface protrusions, and breakage/repair. Textural anomalies observed were surface pits, dissolution features, microborings, microbial biofilms, and the presence of epibionts, including bryzoans, cyanobacteria, and foraminifers. The same kinds of features were found in this A. angulatus population in both 1982-83 collections and 2006-07 collections. Within-date variability was higher in specimens collected in 1982-83, while between-date variability was higher in 2006-07; overall the range of variability was similar. Given that the site was originally chosen for study because these foraminifers were so abundant, the lack of significant change indicates that the variability of the geochemical habitat is still within the range that A. angulatus can thrive. JF - Marine Micropaleontology AU - Crevison Souder, Heidi AU - McCloskey, Bryan AU - Hallock, Pamela AU - Byrne, Robert Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 71 EP - 81 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 77 IS - 1-2 SN - 0377-8398, 0377-8398 KW - United States KW - Florida Keys KW - Protista KW - living taxa KW - statistical analysis KW - Archaias angulatus KW - Monroe County Florida KW - Florida KW - cluster analysis KW - morphology KW - Key Largo KW - Foraminifera KW - ultrastructure KW - John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park KW - tests KW - Invertebrata KW - SEM data KW - 10:Invertebrate paleontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/913701623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Micropaleontology&rft.atitle=Shell+anomalies+observed+in+a+population+of+Archaias+angulatus+%28Foraminifera%29+from+the+Florida+Keys+%28USA%29+sampled+in+1982-83+and+2006-07&rft.au=Crevison+Souder%2C+Heidi%3BMcCloskey%2C+Bryan%3BHallock%2C+Pamela%3BByrne%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Crevison+Souder&rft.aufirst=Heidi&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Micropaleontology&rft.issn=03778398&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.marmicro.2010.07.005 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03778398 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 plates, 3 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - NSF Grant CHE-0221834 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MAMIDH N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Archaias angulatus; cluster analysis; Florida; Florida Keys; Foraminifera; Invertebrata; John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park; Key Largo; living taxa; Monroe County Florida; morphology; Protista; SEM data; statistical analysis; tests; ultrastructure; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2010.07.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Simplified Method for the Measurement of Insoluble Solids in Pretreated Biomass Slurries AN - 872124256; 13751493 AB - The biochemical conversion of cellulosic biomass to liquid transportation fuels includes the breakdown of biomass into its soluble, fermentable components. Pretreatment, the initial step in the conversion process, results in heterogeneous slurry comprised of both soluble and insoluble biomass components. For the purpose of tracking the progress of the conversion process, it is important to be able to accurately measure the fraction of insoluble biomass solids in the slurry. The current standard method involves separating the solids from the free liquor and then repeatedly washing the solids to remove the soluble fraction, a laborious and tedious process susceptible to operator variations. In this paper, we propose an alternative method for calculating the fraction of insoluble solids which does not require a washing step. The proposed method involves measuring the dry matter content of the whole slurry as well as the dry matter content in the isolated liquor fraction. We compared the two methods using three different pretreated biomass slurry samples and two oven-drying techniques for determining dry matter content, an important measurement for both methods. We also evaluated a large set of fraction insoluble solids data collected from previously analyzed pretreated samples. The proposed new method provided statistically equivalent results to the standard washing method when an infrared balance was used for determining dry matter content in the controlled measurement experiment. Similarly, in the large historical data set, there was no statistical difference shown between the wash and no-wash methods. The new method is offered as an alternative method for determining the fraction of insoluble solids. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Weiss, Noah D AU - Stickel, Jonathan J AU - Wolfe, Jeffrey L AU - Nguyen, Quang A AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO, 80401, USA, jonathan.stickel@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 975 EP - 987 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 United States of America VL - 162 IS - 4 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Statistics KW - Slurries KW - Fuels KW - Dry matter KW - Biomass KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/872124256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=A+Simplified+Method+for+the+Measurement+of+Insoluble+Solids+in+Pretreated+Biomass+Slurries&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Noah+D%3BStickel%2C+Jonathan+J%3BWolfe%2C+Jeffrey+L%3BNguyen%2C+Quang+A&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12010-009-8806-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Statistics; Data processing; Fuels; Slurries; Dry matter; Biomass DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-009-8806-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterologous Expression and Extracellular Secretion of Cellulolytic Enzymes by Zymomonas mobilis AN - 807288216; 13812585 AB - Development of the strategy known as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) involves the use of a single microorganism to convert pretreated lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol through the simultaneous production of saccharolytic enzymes and fermentation of the liberated monomeric sugars. In this report, the initial steps toward achieving this goal in the fermentation host Zymomonas mobilis were investigated by expressing heterologous cellulases and subsequently examining the potential to secrete these cellulases extracellularly. Numerous strains of Z. mobilis were found to possess endogenous extracellular activities against carboxymethyl cellulose, suggesting that this microorganism may harbor a favorable environment for the production of additional cellulolytic enzymes. The heterologous expression of two cellulolytic enzymes, E1 and GH12 from Acidothermus cellulolyticus, was examined. Both proteins were successfully expressed as soluble, active enzymes in Z. mobilis although to different levels. While the E1 enzyme was less abundantly expressed, the GH12 enzyme comprised as much as 4.6% of the total cell protein. Additionally, fusing predicted secretion signals native to Z. mobilis to the N termini of E1 and GH12 was found to direct the extracellular secretion of significant levels of active E1 and GH12 enzymes. The subcellular localization of the intracellular pools of cellulases revealed that a significant portion of both the E1 and GH12 secretion constructs resided in the periplasmic space. Our results strongly suggest that Z. mobilis is capable of supporting the expression and secretion of high levels of cellulases relevant to biofuel production, thereby serving as a foundation for developing Z. mobilis into a CBP platform organism. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Linger, Jeffrey G AU - Adney, William S AU - Darzins, Al AD - National Bioenergy Center Y1 - 2010/10/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Oct 01 SP - 6360 EP - 6369 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA VL - 76 IS - 19 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Environment Abstracts KW - Cellulolytic enzymes KW - Fuel technology KW - Sugar KW - Periplasmic space KW - Fermentation KW - Secretion KW - biofuels KW - Cellulolytic microorganisms KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Cellulase KW - Carboxymethylcellulose KW - secretion signals KW - Microorganisms KW - Proteins KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - A 01310:Products of Microorganisms KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807288216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Heterologous+Expression+and+Extracellular+Secretion+of+Cellulolytic+Enzymes+by+Zymomonas+mobilis&rft.au=Linger%2C+Jeffrey+G%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BDarzins%2C+Al&rft.aulast=Linger&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=6360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cellulolytic enzymes; Sugar; Fermentation; Periplasmic space; Secretion; Cellulolytic microorganisms; Enzymes; Biomass; Cellulase; Carboxymethylcellulose; secretion signals; Microorganisms; Biofuels; Ethanol; Fuel technology; biofuels; Proteins; Zymomonas mobilis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Three-dimensional effects and arm effects on modeling a vertical axis tidal current turbine AN - 745936218; 13139541 AB - Three-dimensional effects in studying a vertical axis tidal current turbine are modeled using a newly developed vortex method. The effects on predicting power output and wake trajectory are analyzed in particular. The numerical results suggest that three-dimensional effects are not significant when the height of the turbine is more than seven times the turbine radius. Further discussions are presented focusing on the relationship between the turbine height and the angle of attack and the induced velocity on a blade of the turbine without arms. Besides the three-dimensional effects, arms effects are quantified with an analytical derivation of the polynomial formula of the relationship between arm effects and the tip speed ratio of the turbine. Such a formula provides a correction for existing numerical models to predict the power output of a turbine. Moreover, a series towing tank tests are conducted to study the three-dimensional effects as well as the arm effects. Good agreements are achieved between the results obtained with numerical calculations with the arm effects correction and the towing tank tests. Finally, three-dimensional effects are examined experimentally together with the arm effects by using an end-plate test, which suggests that the combinational effect is rather minimal. For turbine designers at the early design stage, we recommend that a two-dimensional model is acceptable considering the high cost of the three-dimensional model. JF - Renewable Energy AU - Li, Ye AU - Calisal, Sander M AD - National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, MS 3811, Golden, CO 80401, USA, ye.li@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 2325 EP - 2334 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 35 IS - 10 SN - 0960-1481, 0960-1481 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Resource management KW - Mathematical models KW - Velocity KW - Developmental stages KW - Towing tanks KW - Tidal currents KW - Turbines KW - Renewable resources KW - Renewable energy KW - Tidal models KW - Environment management KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09167:Tides, surges and sea level UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745936218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renewable+Energy&rft.atitle=Three-dimensional+effects+and+arm+effects+on+modeling+a+vertical+axis+tidal+current+turbine&rft.au=Li%2C+Ye%3BCalisal%2C+Sander+M&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Ye&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Renewable+Energy&rft.issn=09601481&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.renene.2010.03.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Renewable resources; Resource management; Mathematical models; Developmental stages; Tidal models; Towing tanks; Environment management; Tidal currents; Renewable energy; Velocity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.03.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Unique Binding Mode of Cellulosomal CBM4 from Clostridium thermocellum Cellobiohydrolase A AN - 907150099; 14334588 AB - The crystal structure of the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) 4 Ig fused domain from the cellulosomal cellulase cellobiohydrolase A (CbhA) of Clostridium thermocellum was solved in complex with cellobiose at 2.11 Aa resolution. This is the first cellulosomal CBM4 crystal structure reported to date. It is similar to the previously solved noncellulosomal soluble oligosaccharide-binding CBM4 structures. However, this new structure possesses a significant feature - a binding site peptide loop with a tryptophan (Trp118) residing midway in the loop. Based on sequence alignment, this structural feature might be common to all cellulosomal clostridial CBM4 modules. Our results indicate that C. thermocellum CbhA CBM4 also has an extended binding pocket that can optimally bind to cellodextrins containing five or more sugar units. Molecular dynamics simulations and experimental binding studies with the Trp118Ala mutant suggest that Trp118 contributes to the binding and, possibly, the orientation of the module to soluble cellodextrins. Furthermore, the binding cleft aromatic residues Trp68 and Tyr110 play a crucial role in binding to bacterial microcrystalline cellulose (BMCC), amorphous cellulose, and soluble oligodextrins. Binding to BMCC is in disagreement with the structural features of the binding pocket, which does not support binding to the flat surface of crystalline cellulose, suggesting that CBM4 binds the amorphous part or the cellulose "whiskers" of BMCC. We propose that clostridial CBM4s have possibly evolved to bind the free-chain ends of crystalline cellulose in addition to their ability to bind soluble cellodextrins. JF - Journal of Molecular Biology AU - Alahuhta, Markus AU - Xu, Qi AU - Bomble, Yannick J AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Adney, William S AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Lunin, Vladimir V AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA, vladimir.lunin@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/09/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 17 SP - 374 EP - 387 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 402 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2836, 0022-2836 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Tryptophan KW - Sugar KW - cellobiose KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Cellulose KW - Crystal structure KW - Clostridium thermocellum KW - cellobiohydrolase KW - Aromatics KW - Cellulase KW - Immunoglobulins KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907150099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=The+Unique+Binding+Mode+of+Cellulosomal+CBM4+from+Clostridium+thermocellum+Cellobiohydrolase+A&rft.au=Alahuhta%2C+Markus%3BXu%2C+Qi%3BBomble%2C+Yannick+J%3BBrunecky%2C+Roman%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BDing%2C+Shi-You%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BLunin%2C+Vladimir+V&rft.aulast=Alahuhta&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft.date=2010-09-17&rft.volume=402&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=00222836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jmb.2010.07.028 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Tryptophan; cellobiose; Nucleotide sequence; Cellulose; Crystal structure; Cellulase; Aromatics; cellobiohydrolase; Immunoglobulins; Clostridium thermocellum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2010.07.028 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic impact of total solids loading on enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute acid pretreated corn stover AN - 869584005; 14820109 AB - In process integration studies of the biomass-to-ethanol conversion process, it is necessary to understand how cellulose conversion yields vary as a function of solids and enzyme loading and other key operating variables. The impact of solids loading on enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis of dilute acid pretreated corn stover slurry was determined using an experimental response surface design methodology. From the experimental work, an empirical correlation was obtained that expresses monomeric glucose yield from enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis as a function of solids loading, enzyme loading, and temperature. This correlation was used in a technoeconomic model to study the impact of solids loading on ethanol production economics. The empirical correlation was used to provide a more realistic assessment of process cost by accounting for changes in cellulose conversion yields at different solids and enzyme loadings as well as enzyme cost. As long as enzymatic cellulose conversion drops off at higher total solids loading (due to end-product inhibition or other factors), there is an optimum value for the total solids loading that minimizes the ethanol production cost. The optimum total solids loading shifts to higher values as enzyme cost decreases. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Humbird, David AU - Mohagheghi, Ali AU - Dowe, Nancy AU - Schell, Daniel J AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, david.humbird@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/09/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 01 SP - 1245 EP - 1251 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 1520-6033, 1520-6033 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Integration KW - Slurries KW - Cellulose KW - Economics KW - Glucose KW - Enzymes KW - Hydrolysis KW - Ethanol KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869584005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Economic+impact+of+total+solids+loading+on+enzymatic+hydrolysis+of+dilute+acid+pretreated+corn+stover&rft.au=Humbird%2C+David%3BMohagheghi%2C+Ali%3BDowe%2C+Nancy%3BSchell%2C+Daniel+J&rft.aulast=Humbird&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=15206033&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbtpr.441 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Integration; Slurries; Economics; Cellulose; Glucose; Enzymes; Hydrolysis; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.441 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benefits of Power Electronic Interfaces for Distributed Energy Systems AN - 759316380; 13724985 AB - With the increasing use of distributed energy (DE) systems in industry and its technological advancement, it is becoming more important to understand the integration of these systems with the electric power systems. New markets and benefits for DE applications include the ability to provide ancillary services, improve energy efficiency, enhance power system reliability, and allow customer choice. Advanced power electronic (PE) interfaces will allow DE systems to provide increased functionality through improved power quality and voltage/volt-ampere reactive (VAR) support, increase electrical system compatibility by reducing the fault contributions, and flexibility in operations with various other DE sources, while reducing overall interconnection costs. This paper will examine the system integration issues associated with DE systems and show the benefits of using PE interfaces for such applications. JF - IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion AU - Kroposki, Benjamin AU - Pink, Christopher AU - DeBlasio, Richard AU - Thomas, Holly AU - Simoes, Marcelo AU - Sen, Pankaj K AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, USA Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 901 EP - 908 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue, 17th Fl New York NY 10016-5997 USA VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0885-8969, 0885-8969 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Energy efficiency KW - Electric power KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759316380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Energy+Conversion&rft.atitle=Benefits+of+Power+Electronic+Interfaces+for+Distributed+Energy+Systems&rft.au=Kroposki%2C+Benjamin%3BPink%2C+Christopher%3BDeBlasio%2C+Richard%3BThomas%2C+Holly%3BSimoes%2C+Marcelo%3BSen%2C+Pankaj+K&rft.aulast=Kroposki&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Energy+Conversion&rft.issn=08858969&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTEC.2010.2053975 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy efficiency; Electric power DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2010.2053975 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Imaging Lignin-Downregulated Alfalfa Using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy AN - 1777100973; 13751148 AB - Targeted lignin modification in bioenergy crops could potentially improve conversion efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels. To better assess the impact of lignin modification on overall cell wall structure, wild-type and lignin-downregulated alfalfa lines were imaged using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. The 1,600-cm super(-1) Raman mode was used in CARS imaging to specifically represent the lignin signal in the plant cell walls. The intensities of the CARS signal follow the general trend of lignin contents in cell walls from both wild-type and lignin-downregulated plants. In the downregulated lines, the overall reduction of lignin content agreed with the previously reported chemical composition. However, greater reduction of lignin content in cell corners was observed by CARS imaging, which could account for the enhanced susceptibility to chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis observed previously. JF - BioEnergy Research AU - Zeng, Yining AU - Saar, Brian G AU - Friedrich, Marcel G AU - Chen, Fang AU - Liu, Yu-San AU - Dixon, Richard A AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Xie, XSunney AU - Ding, Shi-You AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO, 80401, USA Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 272 EP - 277 PB - Springer New York, LLC, 233 Spring St New York NY 10013-1578 United States of America VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1939-1234, 1939-1234 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Reduction KW - Cars KW - Walls KW - Microscopy KW - Coherent scattering KW - Imaging KW - Alfalfa KW - Raman scattering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777100973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioEnergy+Research&rft.atitle=Imaging+Lignin-Downregulated+Alfalfa+Using+Coherent+Anti-Stokes+Raman+Scattering+Microscopy&rft.au=Zeng%2C+Yining%3BSaar%2C+Brian+G%3BFriedrich%2C+Marcel+G%3BChen%2C+Fang%3BLiu%2C+Yu-San%3BDixon%2C+Richard+A%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BXie%2C+XSunney%3BDing%2C+Shi-You&rft.aulast=Zeng&rft.aufirst=Yining&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioEnergy+Research&rft.issn=19391234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12155-010-9079-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-010-9079-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of gas ambient on the synthesis of co-doped ZnO:(Al,N) films for photoelectrochemical water splitting AN - 1671310006; 15122196 AB - Al and N co-doped ZnO thin films, ZnO:(Al,N), are synthesized by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering in mixed Ar and N sub(2) and mixed O sub(2) and N sub(2) gas ambient at 100 degree C. The ZnO:(Al,N) films deposited in mixed Ar and N sub(2) gas ambient did not incorporate N, whereas ZnO:(Al,N) films grown in mixed O sub(2) and N sub(2) gas ambient showed enhanced N incorporation and crystallinity as compared to ZnO:N thin films grown in the same gas ambient. As a result, ZnO:(Al,N) films grown in mixed O sub(2) and N sub(2) gas ambient showed higher photocurrents than the ZnO:(Al,N) thin films deposited in mixed Ar and N sub(2) gas ambient. Our results indicate that the gas ambient plays an important role in N incorporation and crystallinity control in Al and N co-doped ZnO thin films. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Shet, Sudhakar AU - Ahn, Kwang-Soon AU - Deutsch, Todd AU - Wang, Heli AU - Nuggehalli, Ravindra AU - Yan, Yanfa AU - Turner, John AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2010/09/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 01 SP - 5801 EP - 5805 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 195 IS - 17 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aluminium Industry Abstracts (AI) KW - ZnO KW - ZnO:(Al,N) KW - Co-doping KW - Gas ambient KW - Photoelectrochemical KW - Bandgap KW - Crystallinity KW - Zinc oxide KW - Photocurrent KW - Water splitting KW - Aluminum KW - Deposition KW - Synthesis KW - Thin films UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671310006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Influence+of+gas+ambient+on+the+synthesis+of+co-doped+ZnO%3A%28Al%2CN%29+films+for+photoelectrochemical+water+splitting&rft.au=Shet%2C+Sudhakar%3BAhn%2C+Kwang-Soon%3BDeutsch%2C+Todd%3BWang%2C+Heli%3BNuggehalli%2C+Ravindra%3BYan%2C+Yanfa%3BTurner%2C+John%3BAl-Jassim%2C+Mowafak&rft.aulast=Shet&rft.aufirst=Sudhakar&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=5801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2010.03.058 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.03.058 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feedstock handling and processing effects on biochemical conversion to biofuels AN - 1017980870; 16718949 AB - Abating the dependence of the United States on foreign oil by reducing oil consumption and increasing biofuels usage will have far-reaching global effects. These include reduced greenhouse gas emissions and an increased demand for biofuel feedstocks. To support this increased demand, cellulosic feedstock production and conversion to biofuels (e.g. ethanol, butanol) is being aggressively researched. Thus far, research has primarily focused on optimizing feedstock production and ethanol conversion, with less attention given to the feedstock supply chain required to meet cost, quality, and quantity goals. This supply chain comprises a series of unit operations from feedstock harvest to feeding the conversion process. Our objectives in this review are (i) to summarize the peer-reviewed literature on harvest-to-reactor throat variables affecting feedstock composition and conversion to ethanol; (ii) to identify knowledge gaps; and (iii) to recommend future steps. ? 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Inman, Daniel AU - Nagle, Nick AU - Jacobson, Jacob AU - Searcy, Erin AU - Ray, Allison E AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA, Daniel.Inman@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 562 EP - 573 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 4 IS - 5 SN - 1932-1031, 1932-1031 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oil KW - Feeding KW - Pharynx KW - Refining KW - butanol KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - Greenhouses KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017980870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Feedstock+handling+and+processing+effects+on+biochemical+conversion+to+biofuels&rft.au=Inman%2C+Daniel%3BNagle%2C+Nick%3BJacobson%2C+Jacob%3BSearcy%2C+Erin%3BRay%2C+Allison+E&rft.aulast=Inman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=562&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=19321031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.241 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bbb.241/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Feeding; Pharynx; Refining; butanol; Biofuels; Greenhouses; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.241 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nanoscience and nanostructures for photovoltaics and solar fuels. AN - 748936674; 20597472 AB - Quantum confinement of electronic particles (negative electrons and positive holes) in nanocrystals produces unique optical and electronic properties that have the potential to enhance the power conversion efficiency of solar cells for photovoltaic and solar fuels production at lower cost. These approaches and applications are labeled third generation solar photon conversion. Prominent among these unique properties is the efficient formation of more than one electron-hole pair (called excitons in nanocrystals) from a single absorbed photon. In isolated nanocrystals that have three-dimensional confinement of charge carriers (quantum dots) or two-dimensional confinement (quantum wires and rods) this process is termed multiple exciton generation. This Perspective presents a summary of our present understanding of the science of optoelectronic properties of nanocrystals and a prognosis for and review of the technological status of nanocrystals and nanostructures for third generation photovoltaic cells and solar fuels production. JF - Nano letters AU - Nozik, Arthur J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. Y1 - 2010/08/11/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 11 SP - 2735 EP - 2741 VL - 10 IS - 8 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/748936674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nano+letters&rft.atitle=Nanoscience+and+nanostructures+for+photovoltaics+and+solar+fuels.&rft.au=Nozik%2C+Arthur+J&rft.aulast=Nozik&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2010-08-11&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nano+letters&rft.issn=1530-6992&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fnl102122x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-11-22 N1 - Date created - 2010-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl102122x ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wind energy-related atmospheric boundary layer large-eddy simulation using OpenFOAM T2 - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AN - 1312950128; 6032443 JF - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AU - Churchfield, Matthew AU - Vijayakumar, G AU - Brasseur, J AU - Moriarty, P Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - Simulation KW - Boundary layers KW - Atmospheric boundary layer KW - Wind KW - Oceanic eddies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312950128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.atitle=Wind+energy-related+atmospheric+boundary+layer+large-eddy+simulation+using+OpenFOAM&rft.au=Churchfield%2C+Matthew%3BVijayakumar%2C+G%3BBrasseur%2C+J%3BMoriarty%2C+P&rft.aulast=Churchfield&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_637.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure of a fibronectin type III-like module from Clostridium thermocellum AN - 754896683; 13527562 AB - The 1.6 Aa resolution structure of a fibronectin type III-like module from Clostridium thermocellum (PDB code 3mpc) with two molecules in the asymmetric unit is reported. The crystals used for data collection belonged to space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 35.43, b = 45.73, c = 107.72 Aa, and the structure was refined to an R factor of 0.166. Structural comparisons found over 800 similar structures in the Protein Data Bank. The broad range of different proteins or protein domains with high structural similarity makes it especially demanding to classify these proteins. Previous studies of fibronectin type III-like modules have indicated that they might function as ligand-binding modules, as a compact form of peptide linkers or spacers between other domains, as cellulose-disrupting modules or as proteins that help large enzyme complexes remain soluble. JF - Acta Crystallographica Section F AU - Alahuhta, Markus AU - Xu, Qi AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Adney, William S AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Lunin, Vladimir V AD - aBioSciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3305, USA, vladimir.lunin@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 SP - 878 EP - 880 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 66 IS - 8 SN - 1744-3091, 1744-3091 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - fibronectin type III-like modules KW - X-domain KW - X-module KW - Data banks KW - R factors KW - Fibronectin KW - Enzymes KW - Spacer KW - Data collections KW - Crystals KW - Clostridium thermocellum KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754896683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Crystallographica+Section+F&rft.atitle=Structure+of+a+fibronectin+type+III-like+module+from+Clostridium+thermocellum&rft.au=Alahuhta%2C+Markus%3BXu%2C+Qi%3BBrunecky%2C+Roman%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BDing%2C+Shi-You%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BLunin%2C+Vladimir+V&rft.aulast=Alahuhta&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=878&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Crystallographica+Section+F&rft.issn=17443091&rft_id=info:doi/10.1107%2FS1744309110022529 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data banks; R factors; Fibronectin; Enzymes; Spacer; Crystals; Data collections; Clostridium thermocellum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1744309110022529 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A techno-economic evaluation of the effects of centralized cellulosic ethanol and co-products refinery options with sugarcane mill clustering AN - 754531150; 13213928 AB - This work compares the calculated techno-economic performance for thermochemical and biochemical conversion of sugarcane residues, considering future conversion plants adjacent to sugarcane mills in Brazil. Process models developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory were adapted to reflect the Brazilian feedstock composition and used to estimate the cost and performance of these two conversion technologies. Models assumed that surplus bagasse from the mill would be used as the feedstock for conversion, while cane trash collected from the field would be used as supplementary fuel at the mill. The integration of the conversion technology to the mill enabled an additional ethanol production of 0.033 m super(3) per tonne of cane for the biochemical process and 0.025 m super(3) t super(-1) of cane plus 0.004 m super(3) t super(-1) of cane of higher alcohols for the thermochemical process. For both cases, electricity is an important co-product for the biorefinery, but especially for biochemical conversion, with surpluses of about 50 kWh t super(-1) of cane. The economic performance of the two technologies is quite similar in terms of the minimum ethanol selling price (MESP), at 318 $ m super(-3) (United States 2007 dollars) for biochemical conversion and 329 $ m super(-3) for thermochemical conversion. JF - Biomass and Bioenergy AU - Seabra, Joaquim EA AU - Tao, Ling AU - Chum, Helena L AU - Macedo, Isaias C AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA, jeaseabra@gmail.com Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 1065 EP - 1078 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 34 IS - 8 SN - 0961-9534, 0961-9534 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Hydrolysis KW - Gasification KW - Bioethanol KW - CHP KW - Brazil KW - Alcohol KW - Biochemistry KW - Residues KW - Fuels KW - biofuels KW - Refineries KW - Electricity KW - Biomass KW - Integration KW - USA KW - Bagasse KW - Renewable energy KW - Energy KW - Economics KW - Technology KW - Ethanol KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754531150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomass+and+Bioenergy&rft.atitle=A+techno-economic+evaluation+of+the+effects+of+centralized+cellulosic+ethanol+and+co-products+refinery+options+with+sugarcane+mill+clustering&rft.au=Seabra%2C+Joaquim+EA%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BChum%2C+Helena+L%3BMacedo%2C+Isaias+C&rft.aulast=Seabra&rft.aufirst=Joaquim&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1065&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomass+and+Bioenergy&rft.issn=09619534&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biombioe.2010.01.042 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Integration; Bagasse; Fuels; Energy; Economics; Electricity; Biomass; Ethanol; Alcohol; Residues; Biochemistry; Renewable energy; biofuels; Refineries; Technology; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.01.042 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanism of Hydrogen Formation in Solar Parabolic Trough Receivers AN - 1777140379; 13791273 AB - Solar parabolic trough systems for electricity production are receiving renewed attention, and new solar plants are under construction to help meet the growing demands of the power market in the Western United States. The growing solar trough industry will rely on operating experience it has gained over the last two decades. Recently, researchers found that trough plants that use organic heat transfer fluids (HTFs) such as Therminol VP-1 are experiencing significant heat losses in the receiver tubes. The cause has been traced back to the accumulation of excess hydrogen gas in the vacuum annulus that surrounds the steel receiver tube, thus compromising the thermal insulation of the receiver. The hydrogen gas is formed during the thermal decomposition of the organic HTF that circulates inside the receiver loop, and the installation of hydrogen getters inside the annulus has proven to be insufficient for controlling the hydrogen buildup over the lifetime of the receivers. This paper will provide an overview of the chemical literature dealing with the thermal decomposition of diphenyl oxide and biphenyl, which are the two constituents of Therminol VP-1. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Moens, Luc AU - Blake, Daniel M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401 Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - August 2010 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA VL - 132 IS - 3 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN) KW - Iron and steel plants KW - Receiving KW - Demand KW - Construction KW - Power plants KW - Thermal decomposition KW - Tubes KW - Markets KW - Receivers KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777140379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+Hydrogen+Formation+in+Solar+Parabolic+Trough+Receivers&rft.au=Moens%2C+Luc%3BBlake%2C+Daniel+M&rft.aulast=Moens&rft.aufirst=Luc&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=031006+%285%29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.4001402YouarenotloggedintotheASMEDigitalLibrary. L2 - http://asmedl.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000132000003031006000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=Yes LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4001402YouarenotloggedintotheASMEDigitalLibrary. ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The CO Oxidation and H2 Production System in the Photosynthetic Bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus CBS T2 - 2010 Gordon Research Conference on Molecular Basis of Microbial One-Carbon Metabolism AN - 1312962654; 6014707 JF - 2010 Gordon Research Conference on Molecular Basis of Microbial One-Carbon Metabolism AU - Wawrousek, Karen Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - Oxidation KW - Photosynthesis KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Rubrivivax gelatinosus UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312962654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Gordon+Research+Conference+on+Molecular+Basis+of+Microbial+One-Carbon+Metabolism&rft.atitle=The+CO+Oxidation+and+H2+Production+System+in+the+Photosynthetic+Bacterium+Rubrivivax+gelatinosus+CBS&rft.au=Wawrousek%2C+Karen&rft.aulast=Wawrousek&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Gordon+Research+Conference+on+Molecular+Basis+of+Microbial+One-Carbon+Metabolism&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.grc.org/programs.aspx?year=2010&program=molecbasis LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Renewable Energy Technologies: Water Challenges and Opportunities T2 - 2010 Annual Conference of the Universities Council on Water Resources (UCOWR 2010) AN - 1312869696; 5999104 JF - 2010 Annual Conference of the Universities Council on Water Resources (UCOWR 2010) AU - Newmark, Robin AU - Kutscher, Chuck AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Milligan, Michael AU - Turchi, Craig AU - Young, Katherine Y1 - 2010/07/13/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 13 KW - Technology KW - Renewable energy KW - Conservation KW - Resource management KW - Environment management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312869696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Annual+Conference+of+the+Universities+Council+on+Water+Resources+%28UCOWR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Renewable+Energy+Technologies%3A+Water+Challenges+and+Opportunities&rft.au=Newmark%2C+Robin%3BKutscher%2C+Chuck%3BMacknick%2C+Jordan%3BMilligan%2C+Michael%3BTurchi%2C+Craig%3BYoung%2C+Katherine&rft.aulast=Newmark&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2010-07-13&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Annual+Conference+of+the+Universities+Council+on+Water+Resources+%28UCOWR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ucowr.org/2010_Conference/Seattle_Final_Program_June_29.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Applying Systems Engineering in a Renewable Energy Research & Development Environment T2 - 20th International Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE 2010) AN - 1312862206; 5993049 JF - 20th International Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE 2010) AU - Snyder, N Y1 - 2010/07/12/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 12 KW - Renewable energy KW - Conservation KW - Resource management KW - Environment management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312862206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=20th+International+Symposium+of+the+International+Council+on+Systems+Engineering+%28INCOSE+2010%29&rft.atitle=Applying+Systems+Engineering+in+a+Renewable+Energy+Research+%26amp%3B+Development+Environment&rft.au=Snyder%2C+N&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2010-07-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=20th+International+Symposium+of+the+International+Council+on+Systems+Engineering+%28INCOSE+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.incose.org/symp2010/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52&Itemid=58 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Thin Film Photovoltaic Technology T2 - 8th International Symposium on New Materials and Nano-Materials for Electrochemical Systems AN - 1312853506; 5980615 JF - 8th International Symposium on New Materials and Nano-Materials for Electrochemical Systems AU - Bhattacharya, Raghu Y1 - 2010/07/11/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 11 KW - solar cells KW - Technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312853506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=8th+International+Symposium+on+New+Materials+and+Nano-Materials+for+Electrochemical+Systems&rft.atitle=Thin+Film+Photovoltaic+Technology&rft.au=Bhattacharya%2C+Raghu&rft.aulast=Bhattacharya&rft.aufirst=Raghu&rft.date=2010-07-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=8th+International+Symposium+on+New+Materials+and+Nano-Materials+for+Electrochemical+Systems&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://nmes2010.sjtu.edu.cn/static/2010NMES%20Final%20Program.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Techno-economics of the production of mixed alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass via high-temperature gasification AN - 888099445; 15049444 AB - This techno-economic study investigates the production of mixed alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass using an entrained flow slagging gasifier. Similar analyses for 2000 dry tonne per day plants have been performed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory using indirect, and direct dry ash gasifiers. The use of a high-temperature entrained flow gasifier differs from the previous studies because it eliminates equipment for tar and methane reformation. The conversion targets for tar reforming in the previous studies, and for alcohol synthesis in all of the studies, are based on DOE's research goals for 2012. The conversion cost increased compared to both of the previous studies, assuming the achievement of the 2012 research targets. Feed handling, high oxygen demand, and a high gasifier capital cost are primarily responsible for the high cost projected by this study. It is understood that the achievement of research targets, maturity, reliability, relative complexities, and redundancy requirements will be the other keys to commercialization. The effect of key assumptions and uncertainties were evaluated using sensitivity analysis. [copy 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010 JF - Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy AU - Dutta, Abhijit AU - Bain, Richard L AU - Biddy, Mary J Y1 - 2010/07// PY - 2010 DA - July 2010 SP - 163 EP - 174 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 1944-7450, 1944-7450 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Alcohol KW - Methane KW - maturity KW - sensitivity analysis KW - Ash KW - Tar KW - Capital costs KW - Biomass KW - gasification KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888099445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.atitle=Techno-economics+of+the+production+of+mixed+alcohols+from+lignocellulosic+biomass+via+high-temperature+gasification&rft.au=Dutta%2C+Abhijit%3BBain%2C+Richard+L%3BBiddy%2C+Mary+J&rft.aulast=Dutta&rft.aufirst=Abhijit&rft.date=2010-07-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.issn=19447450&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fep.10445 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ep.10445/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methane; Alcohol; maturity; Ash; sensitivity analysis; Tar; Capital costs; Biomass; gasification DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.10445 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mild hydrotreating of biomass pyrolysis oils to produce a suitable refinery feedstock AN - 888099438; 15049442 AB - Fast pyrolysis produces a liquid product that represents ~70% of the mass of the starting material. However, since the raw oil is highly corrosive, largely immiscible with hydrocarbons, and only partly volatile, it is unsuitable for use in a conventional petroleum refinery or as a finished fuel. Catalytic hydroprocessing can remove oxygen to make a gasoline- or diesel-like product, but the processing costs have not been attractive. Economic analysis suggests that mild hydroprocessing, leaving 7 wt % oxygen in the pyrolysis oil reduce hydrotreating costs to a range that is more economically viable. If the physical and chemical properties of the mildly hydrotreated products were acceptable, these materials could potentially be available for coprocessing in a petroleum refinery leveraging the economies of scale and existing refining infrastructure to produce a lower-cost product. Mildly hydrotreated pyrolysis oil with low acidity, good miscibility with hydrocarbons, and high volatility was generated in a semibatch laboratory reactor. A 0.5-L sample was produced at 360 degree C, 2500 psig hydrogen, with a hydrogen flow of 0.22 sl/g-oil/h and 10 wt % nickel-molybdenum/Al2O3 catalyst. Yields were 36% light product (7% oxygen) and 30% liquid residue. This oil will be subjected to further physical and chemical tests to determine the technical feasibility of co-processing in a petroleum refinery. [copy 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010. JF - Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy AU - French, Richard J AU - Hrdlicka, Jason AU - Baldwin, Robert AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, CO 80401, Richard.French@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/07// PY - 2010 DA - July 2010 SP - 142 EP - 150 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 1944-7450, 1944-7450 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Oil KW - Pyrolysis KW - Feasibility studies KW - Oxygen KW - Petroleum KW - Economics KW - Refineries KW - Hydrogen KW - Acidity KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888099438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.atitle=Mild+hydrotreating+of+biomass+pyrolysis+oils+to+produce+a+suitable+refinery+feedstock&rft.au=French%2C+Richard+J%3BHrdlicka%2C+Jason%3BBaldwin%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2010-07-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.issn=19447450&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fep.10419 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ep.10419/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feasibility studies; Pyrolysis; Oil; Oxygen; Petroleum; Economics; Hydrogen; Refineries; Acidity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.10419 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simple miniature controlled-atmosphere chamber for optoelectronic characterizations AN - 1671398441; 13138295 AB - A simple, controlled-atmosphere chamber that allows optical and electrical device characterization of samples is described. It can be used as a reusable encapsulation method or as a controlled atmospheric chamber for a variety of experiments, for example, lifetime testing of organic optoelectronic devices. In this paper, designs are included for this system as well as a description on how to scale it if desired. Chambers based on these designs and their elements were characterized using helium leaking checking as well as monitored for moisture ingress with an electrical calcium test. Finally, chambers were used to encapsulate organic photovoltaic devices to demonstrate the effective stable environment provided by this platform over the course of weeks. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Reese, MO AU - Sigdel, A K AU - Berry, J J AU - Ginley, D S AU - Shaheen, SE AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd Golden, CO 80401, USA matthew.reese@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/07// PY - 2010 DA - Jul 2010 SP - 1254 EP - 1258 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 94 IS - 7 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Miniature KW - Design engineering KW - Solar cells KW - Devices KW - Chambers KW - Photovoltaic cells KW - Platforms KW - Encapsulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671398441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=A+simple+miniature+controlled-atmosphere+chamber+for+optoelectronic+characterizations&rft.au=Reese%2C+MO%3BSigdel%2C+A+K%3BBerry%2C+J+J%3BGinley%2C+D+S%3BShaheen%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Reese&rft.aufirst=MO&rft.date=2010-07-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2010.03.017 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2010.03.017 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Geospatial Analysis and Optimization of Fleet Logistics to Exploit Alternative Fuels and Advanced Transportation Technologies T2 - 2010 Symposium on Nanotech for Oil & Gas AN - 839702275; 5927405 JF - 2010 Symposium on Nanotech for Oil & Gas AU - Sparks, W Y1 - 2010/06/21/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jun 21 KW - {Q1} KW - Fuel technology KW - Transportation KW - Technology KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839702275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Symposium+on+Nanotech+for+Oil+%26+Gas&rft.atitle=Geospatial+Analysis+and+Optimization+of+Fleet+Logistics+to+Exploit+Alternative+Fuels+and+Advanced+Transportation+Technologies&rft.au=Sparks%2C+W&rft.aulast=Sparks&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2010-06-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Symposium+on+Nanotech+for+Oil+%26+Gas&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.techconnectworld.com/Nanotech2010/symposia/Oil_Gas.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-11 N1 - Last updated - 2011-01-14 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Synthesis and Photovoltaic Application of Ternary Lead Chalcogenide Alloy Nanocrystals T2 - 2010 Symposium on Photovoltaics AN - 839663304; 5926715 JF - 2010 Symposium on Photovoltaics AU - Smith, D AU - Luther, J AU - Beard, M AU - Semonin, O AU - Nozik, A Y1 - 2010/06/21/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jun 21 KW - {Q1} KW - Lead KW - Alloys KW - Solar cells KW - Crystals KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839663304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Symposium+on+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Synthesis+and+Photovoltaic+Application+of+Ternary+Lead+Chalcogenide+Alloy+Nanocrystals&rft.au=Smith%2C+D%3BLuther%2C+J%3BBeard%2C+M%3BSemonin%2C+O%3BNozik%2C+A&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2010-06-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Symposium+on+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.techconnectworld.com/Nanotech2010/symposia/Photovoltaics.ht LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-11 N1 - Last updated - 2011-01-14 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nanowire Network Transparent Electrodes for Photovoltaics T2 - 2010 Annual NSTI Conference on Nanostructured Materials and Devices AN - 839651578; 5912114 JF - 2010 Annual NSTI Conference on Nanostructured Materials and Devices AU - Bergeson, J Y1 - 2010/06/21/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jun 21 KW - {Q1} KW - Photovoltaics KW - Electrodes KW - Nanotechnology KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839651578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Annual+NSTI+Conference+on+Nanostructured+Materials+and+Devices&rft.atitle=Nanowire+Network+Transparent+Electrodes+for+Photovoltaics&rft.au=Bergeson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bergeson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-06-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Annual+NSTI+Conference+on+Nanostructured+Materials+and+Devices&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.techconnectworld.com/Nanotech2010/symposia/Nanostructured_M LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-11 N1 - Last updated - 2011-01-14 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Projected Cost, Energy Use, and Emissions of Hydrogen Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles T2 - 8th International Fuel Cell Science, Engineering & Technology Conference (FuelCell2010) AN - 754303725; 5861160 JF - 8th International Fuel Cell Science, Engineering & Technology Conference (FuelCell2010) AU - Ruth, Mark AU - Diakov, Victor AU - Laffen, Melissa AU - Timbario, Thomas Y1 - 2010/06/14/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jun 14 KW - Fuel technology KW - Energy consumption KW - Hydrogen KW - Technology KW - Emissions KW - Fuel cells KW - Energy KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754303725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=8th+International+Fuel+Cell+Science%2C+Engineering+%26+Technology+Conference+%28FuelCell2010%29&rft.atitle=Projected+Cost%2C+Energy+Use%2C+and+Emissions+of+Hydrogen+Technologies+for+Fuel+Cell+Vehicles&rft.au=Ruth%2C+Mark%3BDiakov%2C+Victor%3BLaffen%2C+Melissa%3BTimbario%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Ruth&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=8th+International+Fuel+Cell+Science%2C+Engineering+%26+Technology+Conference+%28FuelCell2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/FuelCell2010/TechnicalProgramOverview.c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rapid Identification and Quantification of Soil Organic Carbon Forms Using Pyrolysis Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry T2 - 2010 Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference (Goldschmidt(TM)2010) AN - 839706993; 5943152 JF - 2010 Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference (Goldschmidt(TM)2010) AU - Magrini, K AU - Davis, M AU - Follett, R AU - Hoover, C AU - Evans, R Y1 - 2010/06/13/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jun 13 KW - {Q1} KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Organic carbon KW - Soil KW - Pyrolysis KW - Soils (organic) KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839706993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Annual+V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+%28Goldschmidt%28TM%292010%29&rft.atitle=Rapid+Identification+and+Quantification+of+Soil+Organic+Carbon+Forms+Using+Pyrolysis+Molecular+Beam+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.au=Magrini%2C+K%3BDavis%2C+M%3BFollett%2C+R%3BHoover%2C+C%3BEvans%2C+R&rft.aulast=Magrini&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-06-13&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Annual+V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+%28Goldschmidt%28TM%292010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.goldschmidt2010.org/program/index LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-11 N1 - Last updated - 2011-01-14 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hydrogenases and solar hydrogen production T2 - 2010 Gordon Research Conference on Iron-Sulfur Enzymes AN - 754266175; 5819014 JF - 2010 Gordon Research Conference on Iron-Sulfur Enzymes AU - King, Paul Y1 - 2010/06/06/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jun 06 KW - Solar energy KW - Hydrogen KW - Hydrogenase KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754266175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Gordon+Research+Conference+on+Iron-Sulfur+Enzymes&rft.atitle=Hydrogenases+and+solar+hydrogen+production&rft.au=King%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2010-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Gordon+Research+Conference+on+Iron-Sulfur+Enzymes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.grc.org/programs.aspx?year=2010&program=ironsulfur LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of genes responsible for the CO-linked hydrogen production pathway in Rubrivivax gelatinosus. AN - 733344502; 20400563 AB - Upon exposure to carbon monoxide, the purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus produces hydrogen concomitantly with the oxidation of CO according to the equation CO + H(2)O <--> CO(2) + H(2). Yet little is known about the genetic elements encoding this reaction in this organism. In the present study, we use transposon mutagenesis and functional complementation to uncover three clustered genes, cooL, cooX, and cooH, in Rubrivivax gelatinosus putatively encoding part of a membrane-bound, multisubunit NiFe-hydrogenase. We present the complete amino acid sequences for the large catalytic subunit and its electron-relaying small subunit, encoded by cooH and cooL, respectively. Sequence alignment reveals a conserved region in the large subunit coordinating a binuclear [NiFe] center and a conserved region in the small subunit coordinating a [4Fe-4S] cluster. Protein purification experiments show that a protein fraction of 58 kDa molecular mass could function in H(2) evolution mediated by reduced methyl viologen. Western blotting experiments show that the two hydrogenase subunits are detectable and accumulate only when cells are exposed to CO. The cooX gene encodes a putative Fe-S protein mediating electron transfer to the hydrogenase small subunit. We conclude that these three Rubrivivax proteins encompass part of a membrane-bound, multisubunit NiFe-hydrogenase belonging to the energy-converting hydrogenase (Ech) type, which has been found among diverse microbes with a common feature in coupling H(2) production with proton pumping for energy generation. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Vanzin, Gary AU - Yu, Jianping AU - Smolinski, Sharon AU - Tek, Vekalet AU - Pennington, Grant AU - Maness, Pin-Ching AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. Y1 - 2010/06// PY - 2010 DA - June 2010 SP - 3715 EP - 3722 VL - 76 IS - 11 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Hydrogen KW - 7YNJ3PO35Z KW - nickel-iron hydrogenase KW - EC 1.12.- KW - Hydrogenase KW - EC 1.12.7.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Multigene Family KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Hydrogenase -- chemistry KW - Molecular Weight KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Blotting, Western KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Conserved Sequence KW - Hydrogenase -- genetics KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Metabolic Networks and Pathways -- genetics KW - Betaproteobacteria -- genetics KW - Hydrogen -- metabolism KW - Carbon Monoxide -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/733344502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+genes+responsible+for+the+CO-linked+hydrogen+production+pathway+in+Rubrivivax+gelatinosus.&rft.au=Vanzin%2C+Gary%3BYu%2C+Jianping%3BSmolinski%2C+Sharon%3BTek%2C+Vekalet%3BPennington%2C+Grant%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching&rft.aulast=Vanzin&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.date=2010-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=1098-5336&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.02753-09 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-09-28 N1 - Date created - 2010-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Jun;71(6):2870-4 [15932979] J Bacteriol. 1995 Apr;177(8):2241-4 [7721719] J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 2005;10(2-4):92-104 [16645307] Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Dec;1757(12):1582-91 [17123462] J Bacteriol. 2007 Mar;189(5):1931-45 [17158667] Chem Soc Rev. 2009 Jan;38(1):52-61 [19088964] FEBS Lett. 2000 Aug 11;479(1-2):1-5 [10940377] FEBS Lett. 2000 Nov 17;485(1):1-6 [11086155] J Bacteriol. 2001 Sep;183(17):5134-44 [11489867] FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2001 Aug;25(4):455-501 [11524134] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001 Dec;57(5-6):751-6 [11778889] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Jun;68(6):2633-6 [12039713] Eur J Biochem. 2002 Nov;269(22):5712-21 [12423371] Eur J Biochem. 2002 Dec;269(24):6101-11 [12473105] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Jun 27;306(2):366-75 [12804572] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 24;100(13):7545-50 [12792025] J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 28;278(48):47602-9 [12975362] Microbiology. 2004 Jul;150(Pt 7):2451-63 [15256587] Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2004 Sep;68(3):453-73, table of contents [15353565] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Sep;73(9):3298-302 [1067620] J Bacteriol. 1984 Aug;159(2):693-9 [6430875] Eur J Biochem. 1986 Sep 1;159(2):393-8 [3093229] J Bacteriol. 1987 Oct;169(10):4784-9 [3308854] Gene. 1995 Dec 1;166(1):175-6 [8529885] J Bacteriol. 1996 Mar;178(6):1515-24 [8626276] Arch Microbiol. 1996 Jan;165(1):69-72 [8639025] J Bacteriol. 1996 Nov;178(21):6200-8 [8892819] J Bacteriol. 1997 Apr;179(7):2259-66 [9079911] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Oct 14;94(21):11216-20 [9326589] Eur J Biochem. 1998 Mar 15;252(3):467-76 [9546662] J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 16;274(16):10840-5 [10196160] Eur J Biochem. 1999 Oct 1;265(1):325-35 [10491189] J Bacteriol. 1989 Jun;171(6):3102-7 [2498285] Mol Microbiol. 1990 Feb;4(2):231-43 [2187144] Mol Microbiol. 1992 Jun;6(11):1523-32 [1625581] J Bacteriol. 1992 Aug;174(16):5284-94 [1644755] FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1993 Apr;10(3-4):243-69 [8318259] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Dec 30;1188(3):167-204 [7803444] Nature. 1995 Feb 16;373(6515):580-7 [7854413] FEBS J. 2005 Sep;272(18):4741-53 [16156794] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02753-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessment of On-Site Renewable Energy Potential T2 - Seventh International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds AN - 754270142; 5825707 JF - Seventh International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds AU - Dahle, Douglas Y1 - 2010/05/24/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 24 KW - Renewable energy KW - Conservation KW - Resource management KW - Environment management KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754270142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Seventh+International+Conference+on+Remediation+of+Chlorinated+and+Recalcitrant+Compounds&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+On-Site+Renewable+Energy+Potential&rft.au=Dahle%2C+Douglas&rft.aulast=Dahle&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2010-05-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Seventh+International+Conference+on+Remediation+of+Chlorinated+and+Recalcitrant+Compounds&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.battelle.org/conferences/chlorinated/pdf/finalprogram.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellulose crystallinity index: measurement techniques and their impact on interpreting cellulase performance AN - 745732007; 13204442 AB - Although measurements of crystallinity index (CI) have a long history, it has been found that CI varies significantly depending on the choice of measurement method. In this study, four different techniques incorporating X-ray diffraction and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were compared using eight different cellulose preparations. We found that the simplest method, which is also the most widely used, and which involves measurement of just two heights in the X-ray diffractogram, produced significantly higher crystallinity values than did the other methods. Data in the literature for the cellulose preparation used (Avicel PH-101) support this observation. We believe that the alternative X-ray diffraction (XRD) and NMR methods presented here, which consider the contributions from amorphous and crystalline cellulose to the entire XRD and NMR spectra, provide a more accurate measure of the crystallinity of cellulose. Although celluloses having a high amorphous content are usually more easily digested by enzymes, it is unclear, based on studies published in the literature, whether CI actually provides a clear indication of the digestibility of a cellulose sample. Cellulose accessibility should be affected by crystallinity, but is also likely to be affected by several other parameters, such as lignin/hemicellulose contents and distribution, porosity, and particle size. Given the methodological dependency of cellulose CI values and the complex nature of cellulase interactions with amorphous and crystalline celluloses, we caution against trying to correlate relatively small changes in CI with changes in cellulose digestibility. In addition, the prediction of cellulase performance based on low levels of cellulose conversion may not include sufficient digestion of the crystalline component to be meaningful. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Park, Sunkyu AU - Baker, John O AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Parilla, Philip A AU - Johnson, David K AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2010/05/24/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 24 SP - 10 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL UK VL - 3 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Particle size KW - Crystallinity KW - Data processing KW - Porosity KW - Cellulose KW - Enzymes KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Cellulase KW - hemicellulose KW - Digestion KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Digestibility KW - Lignin KW - N.M.R. KW - Biofuels KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745732007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Cellulose+crystallinity+index%3A+measurement+techniques+and+their+impact+on+interpreting+cellulase+performance&rft.au=Park%2C+Sunkyu%3BBaker%2C+John+O%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BParilla%2C+Philip+A%3BJohnson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Sunkyu&rft.date=2010-05-24&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=1754-6834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-3-10 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Crystallinity; Data processing; Cellulose; Porosity; Enzymes; X-ray diffraction; Cellulase; hemicellulose; Digestion; Ionizing radiation; Lignin; Digestibility; N.M.R.; Biofuels DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-3-10 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Life Cycle Assessment of a Model Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Power Plant with Thermal Energy Storage T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754276895; 5816409 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Burkhardt, J AU - Heath, G AU - Turchi, C Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Life cycle KW - Storage KW - Solar energy KW - Power plants KW - Energy storage KW - Storage life KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754276895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Life+Cycle+Assessment+of+a+Model+Parabolic+Trough+Concentrating+Solar+Power+Plant+with+Thermal+Energy+Storage&rft.au=Burkhardt%2C+J%3BHeath%2C+G%3BTurchi%2C+C&rft.aulast=Burkhardt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparative Analysis of Solar Mapping Tools T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754275967; 5816293 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Kandt, A AU - Burman, K AU - Simpkins, T Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Mapping KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754275967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Comparative+Analysis+of+Solar+Mapping+Tools&rft.au=Kandt%2C+A%3BBurman%2C+K%3BSimpkins%2C+T&rft.aulast=Kandt&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - State of the States 2010 T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754268695; 5816270 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - McLaren, J Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754268695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=State+of+the+States+2010&rft.au=McLaren%2C+J&rft.aulast=McLaren&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Solar Resource in the United States T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754267968; 5816351 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Wilcox, S AU - Gueymard, C Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - USA KW - Spatial distribution KW - Temporal variations KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754267968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+Temporal+Variability+of+the+Solar+Resource+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Wilcox%2C+S%3BGueymard%2C+C&rft.aulast=Wilcox&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluating Solar Resource SVariability from Satellite and Ground-Based Observations T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754265292; 5816279 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Anderberg, M AU - Renne, D AU - Stoffel, T AU - Sengupta, M AU - Perez, R AU - Stackhouse, P Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754265292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Evaluating+Solar+Resource+SVariability+from+Satellite+and+Ground-Based+Observations&rft.au=Anderberg%2C+M%3BRenne%2C+D%3BStoffel%2C+T%3BSengupta%2C+M%3BPerez%2C+R%3BStackhouse%2C+P&rft.aulast=Anderberg&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Analysis Tools and Case Studies for Sustainability Buildings T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754263603; 5816217 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Christensen, Craig Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Case studies KW - Buildings KW - Sustainability KW - Resource management KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754263603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Analysis+Tools+and+Case+Studies+for+Sustainability+Buildings&rft.au=Christensen%2C+Craig&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling the U.S. Rooftop Photovoltaics Market T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754263126; 5816087 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Drury, E AU - Denholm, P AU - Margolis, R Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - USA KW - Photovoltaics KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754263126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+U.S.+Rooftop+Photovoltaics+Market&rft.au=Drury%2C+E%3BDenholm%2C+P%3BMargolis%2C+R&rft.aulast=Drury&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Impact of Hybrid Wet/Dry Cooling on Concentrating Solar Power Plant Performance T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754261114; 5816411 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Wagner, M AU - Kutscher, C Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Solar energy KW - Hybrids KW - Power plants KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754261114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Hybrid+Wet%2FDry+Cooling+on+Concentrating+Solar+Power+Plant+Performance&rft.au=Wagner%2C+M%3BKutscher%2C+C&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessing Potential PV Deployment on New York City's Network Distribution System T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754259237; 5816134 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Anderson, K Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - USA, New York, New York City KW - Urban areas KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754259237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Assessing+Potential+PV+Deployment+on+New+York+City%27s+Network+Distribution+System&rft.au=Anderson%2C+K&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - American Solar Energy Society Policy Recommendations: Update and Report Card for the 111th Congress T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754259116; 5816109 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Kutscher, Chuck AU - Mayes, Kristen AU - Schlegel, Jeff Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Congress KW - Solar energy KW - Policies KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754259116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=American+Solar+Energy+Society+Policy+Recommendations%3A+Update+and+Report+Card+for+the+111th+Congress&rft.au=Kutscher%2C+Chuck%3BMayes%2C+Kristen%3BSchlegel%2C+Jeff&rft.aulast=Kutscher&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A Physical Method for Calculating Surface Radiation from Geostationary Satellites T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754248470; 5816277 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Sengupta, M AU - Heidinger, A AU - Miller, S AU - Renne, D Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites KW - Radiation KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754248470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=A+Physical+Method+for+Calculating+Surface+Radiation+from+Geostationary+Satellites&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+M%3BHeidinger%2C+A%3BMiller%2C+S%3BRenne%2C+D&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Seasonal Variation in the Frequency Distributions of Differences Between Radiometric Data for Solar Resource Assessment Applications T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754246438; 5816349 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Myers, D Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Seasonal variations KW - Data processing KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754246438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Seasonal+Variation+in+the+Frequency+Distributions+of+Differences+Between+Radiometric+Data+for+Solar+Resource+Assessment+Applications&rft.au=Myers%2C+D&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Testing of Biodiesel in Engines with Modern Emission Control Equipment T2 - 101st Annual Meeting and Expo of the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS 2010) AN - 754237492; 5788675 JF - 101st Annual Meeting and Expo of the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS 2010) AU - Williams, A AU - Burton, J AU - McCormick, R Y1 - 2010/05/16/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 16 KW - Emission control equipment KW - Biofuels KW - Diesel KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754237492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=101st+Annual+Meeting+and+Expo+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society+%28AOCS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Testing+of+Biodiesel+in+Engines+with+Modern+Emission+Control+Equipment&rft.au=Williams%2C+A%3BBurton%2C+J%3BMcCormick%2C+R&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2010-05-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=101st+Annual+Meeting+and+Expo+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society+%28AOCS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://annualmeeting.aocs.org/content/AOCS_AM10_Program_FINAL.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Exceeding Expectations: Learnings From FCV Learning Demo T2 - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AN - 754186346; 5733318 JF - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AU - Wipke, Keith Y1 - 2010/05/03/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 03 KW - Learning KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754186346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.atitle=Exceeding+Expectations%3A+Learnings+From+FCV+Learning+Demo&rft.au=Wipke%2C+Keith&rft.aulast=Wipke&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=2010-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.hydrogenconference.org/program.asp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wind-to-Hydrogen Project: Advanced Testing & Results T2 - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AN - 754182880; 5733258 JF - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AU - Harrison, Kevin Y1 - 2010/05/03/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 03 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754182880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.atitle=Wind-to-Hydrogen+Project%3A+Advanced+Testing+%26amp%3B+Results&rft.au=Harrison%2C+Kevin&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2010-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.hydrogenconference.org/program.asp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Optimal Regional Layout of Least-Cost Hydrogen Infrastructure T2 - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AN - 754181305; 5733279 JF - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AU - Bush, Brian Y1 - 2010/05/03/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 03 KW - Hydrogen KW - Infrastructure KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754181305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.atitle=Optimal+Regional+Layout+of+Least-Cost+Hydrogen+Infrastructure&rft.au=Bush%2C+Brian&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2010-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.hydrogenconference.org/program.asp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Lifecycle cost and environmental analysis of hydrogen and competing technologies for utility-scale energy storage applications T2 - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AN - 754174376; 5733259 JF - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AU - Steward, Darlene Y1 - 2010/05/03/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 03 KW - Life cycle KW - Hydrogen KW - Storage KW - Technology KW - Energy storage KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754174376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.atitle=Lifecycle+cost+and+environmental+analysis+of+hydrogen+and+competing+technologies+for+utility-scale+energy+storage+applications&rft.au=Steward%2C+Darlene&rft.aulast=Steward&rft.aufirst=Darlene&rft.date=2010-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.hydrogenconference.org/program.asp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage; Validation Testing of SAE Performance Based System Level Standards T2 - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AN - 754167028; 5733298 JF - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AU - Burgess, Robert Y1 - 2010/05/03/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 03 KW - Hydrogen KW - Storage KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754167028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.atitle=High-Pressure+Hydrogen+Storage%3B+Validation+Testing+of+SAE+Performance+Based+System+Level+Standards&rft.au=Burgess%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2010-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.hydrogenconference.org/program.asp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ground and Excited State Charge Transfer Processes in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes T2 - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 754241746; 5784518 JF - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Blackburn, J AU - Svedruzic-Chang, D AU - Holt, J AU - King, P AU - Mistry, K AU - Ferguson, A AU - Rocha, J AU - Kopidakis, N AU - Heben, M AU - Rumbles, G Y1 - 2010/04/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 25 KW - Nanotechnology KW - Carbon KW - Nanotubes KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754241746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Ground+and+Excited+State+Charge+Transfer+Processes+in+Single-Walled+Carbon+Nanotubes&rft.au=Blackburn%2C+J%3BSvedruzic-Chang%2C+D%3BHolt%2C+J%3BKing%2C+P%3BMistry%2C+K%3BFerguson%2C+A%3BRocha%2C+J%3BKopidakis%2C+N%3BHeben%2C+M%3BRumbles%2C+G&rft.aulast=Blackburn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-04-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/217/assets/217_meeting_pr LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Computer-Aided Optimization of Macroscopic Design Factors for Lithium-Ion Cell Performance and Life T2 - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 754239881; 5785779 JF - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Smith, K AU - Kim, G AU - Pesaran, A Y1 - 2010/04/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 25 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754239881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Computer-Aided+Optimization+of+Macroscopic+Design+Factors+for+Lithium-Ion+Cell+Performance+and+Life&rft.au=Smith%2C+K%3BKim%2C+G%3BPesaran%2C+A&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-04-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/217/assets/217_meeting_pr LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Oriented NiO-TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Supercapacitors: Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties T2 - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 754236856; 5784659 JF - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Zhu, K AU - Kim, J AU - Yan, Y AU - Perkins, C AU - Frank, A Y1 - 2010/04/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 25 KW - Nanotechnology KW - Electrochemistry KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754236856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Oriented+NiO-TiO2+Nanotube+Arrays+for+Supercapacitors%3A+Microstructure+and+Electrochemical+Properties&rft.au=Zhu%2C+K%3BKim%2C+J%3BYan%2C+Y%3BPerkins%2C+C%3BFrank%2C+A&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-04-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/217/assets/217_meeting_pr LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Electric Power Research Institute T2 - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 754235092; 5785471 JF - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Denholm, P Y1 - 2010/04/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 25 KW - Electric power KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754235092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Electric+Power+Research+Institute&rft.au=Denholm%2C+P&rft.aulast=Denholm&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2010-04-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/217/assets/217_meeting_pr LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. T2 - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 754230801; 5784478 JF - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Dinh, H AU - Engtrakul, C AU - Neyerlin, K AU - Dameron, A AU - Olson, T AU - Simpson, L AU - Leong, J AU - Pivovar, B Y1 - 2010/04/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 25 KW - Motors KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754230801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Nissan+Motor+Co.%2C+Ltd.&rft.au=Dinh%2C+H%3BEngtrakul%2C+C%3BNeyerlin%2C+K%3BDameron%2C+A%3BOlson%2C+T%3BSimpson%2C+L%3BLeong%2C+J%3BPivovar%2C+B&rft.aulast=Dinh&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2010-04-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/217/assets/217_meeting_pr LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Emission Energy and Quantum Yield of Photo-Excited Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes: The Influence of Solvent and Surface Bound Molecules T2 - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 754218006; 5784515 JF - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Larsen, B A AU - Deria, P AU - Heben, M AU - Therien, M AU - Blackburn, J Y1 - 2010/04/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 25 KW - Solvents KW - Nanotechnology KW - Emissions KW - Carbon KW - Energy KW - Nanotubes KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754218006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Emission+Energy+and+Quantum+Yield+of+Photo-Excited+Single+Walled+Carbon+Nanotubes%3A+The+Influence+of+Solvent+and+Surface+Bound+Molecules&rft.au=Larsen%2C+B+A%3BDeria%2C+P%3BHeben%2C+M%3BTherien%2C+M%3BBlackburn%2C+J&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2010-04-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/217/assets/217_meeting_pr LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Verification of BModes: Rotary Beam and Tower Modal Analysis Code T2 - 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (SDM 2010) AN - 754162648; 5721058 JF - 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (SDM 2010) AU - Bir, G Y1 - 2010/04/10/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 10 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754162648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=51st+AIAA%2FASME%2FASCE%2FAHS%2FASC+Structures%2C+Structural+Dynamics%2C+and+Materials+Conference+%28SDM+2010%29&rft.atitle=Verification+of+BModes%3A+Rotary+Beam+and+Tower+Modal+Analysis+Code&rft.au=Bir%2C+G&rft.aulast=Bir&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2010-04-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=51st+AIAA%2FASME%2FASCE%2FAHS%2FASC+Structures%2C+Structural+Dynamics%2C+and+Materials+Conference+%28SDM+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiaa.org/agenda.cfm?lumeetingid=2336&viewcon=agenda&pagevie LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and validation of a fast high pressure liquid chromatography method for the analysis of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis and fermentation products AN - 896222320; 15120391 AB - A simple, precise, and accurate 10-min high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the analysis of organic acids, alcohols, and furans from processing biomass into renewable fuels. The method uses an H[super]+ form cation-exchange resin stationary phase that has a five-fold shorter analysis time versus that in the traditional method. The new method was used for the analysis of acetic acid, ethanol, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, and furfural. Results were compared with a legacy method that has historically has been used to analyze the same compounds but with a 55 min run time. Linearity was acceptable on the new method with r[super]2 0.999 for all compounds using refractive index detection. Limits of detection were between 0.003 and 0.03 g/L and limits of quantification were between 0.1 and 0.01 g/L. The relative standard deviations for precision were less than 0.4% and recoveries ranged from 92% to 114% for all compounds. JF - Journal of Chromatography A AU - Scarlata, Christopher J AU - Hyman, Deborah A AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA, christopher.scarlata@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/04/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 02 SP - 2082 EP - 2087 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 1217 IS - 14 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biomass KW - Renewable energy KW - Cation-exchange HPLC KW - Acetic acid KW - Ethanol KW - Furfural KW - Fast acid method KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Chromatographic techniques KW - Fermentation KW - Organic acids KW - Fuels KW - stationary phase KW - Standard Deviation KW - Liquid Chromatography KW - Pressure KW - Refractive index KW - Fuel KW - Resins KW - Organic Acids KW - Furans KW - Hydrolysis KW - Methodology KW - organic acids KW - Standard deviation KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Precision KW - High Pressure KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/896222320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chromatography+A&rft.atitle=Development+and+validation+of+a+fast+high+pressure+liquid+chromatography+method+for+the+analysis+of+lignocellulosic+biomass+hydrolysis+and+fermentation+products&rft.au=Scarlata%2C+Christopher+J%3BHyman%2C+Deborah+A&rft.aulast=Scarlata&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2010-04-02&rft.volume=1217&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2082&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chromatography+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chroma.2010.01.061 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Organic acids; Fermentation; Chromatographic techniques; Fuels; Biomass; Pressure; Refractive index; Hydrolysis; Methodology; High-performance liquid chromatography; Resins; Furans; Acetic acid; stationary phase; organic acids; Standard deviation; Liquid chromatography; Ethanol; Furfural; Organic Acids; Standard Deviation; Precision; High Pressure; Liquid Chromatography; Fuel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.061 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization and life-cycle cost of health clinic PV system for a rural area in southern Iraq using HOMER software AN - 746156959; 12980649 AB - This paper addresses the need for electricity of rural areas in southern Iraq and proposes a photovoltaic (PV) solar system to power a health clinic in that region. The total daily health clinic load is 31.6 kW h and detailed loads are listed. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) optimization computer model for distributed power, "HOMER," is used to estimate the system size and its life-cycle cost. The analysis shows that the optimal system's initial cost, net present cost, and electricity cost is US$ 50,700, US$ 60,375, and US$ 0.238/kW h, respectively. These values for the PV system are compared with those of a generator alone used to supply the load. We found that the initial cost, net present cost of the generator system, and electricity cost are US$ 4500, US$ 352,303, and US$ 1.332/kW h, respectively. We conclude that using the PV system is justified on humanitarian, technical, and economic grounds. JF - Solar Energy AU - Al-Karaghouli, Ali AU - Kazmerski, L L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA, kaz@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/04// PY - 2010 DA - Apr 2010 SP - 710 EP - 714 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 84 IS - 4 SN - 0038-092X, 0038-092X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - computer models KW - Iraq KW - Computer programs KW - Renewable energy KW - Economics KW - solar cells KW - Solar energy KW - Rural areas KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746156959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy&rft.atitle=Optimization+and+life-cycle+cost+of+health+clinic+PV+system+for+a+rural+area+in+southern+Iraq+using+HOMER+software&rft.au=Al-Karaghouli%2C+Ali%3BKazmerski%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Al-Karaghouli&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=710&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy&rft.issn=0038092X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solener.2010.01.024 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Computer programs; Renewable energy; solar cells; Economics; computer models; Solar energy; Rural areas; Iraq DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2010.01.024 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water Challenges for Geologic Carbon Capture and Sequestration AN - 744618351; 12668063 AB - Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) has been proposed as a means to dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions with the continued use of fossil fuels. For geologic sequestration, the carbon dioxide is captured from large point sources (e.g., power plants or other industrial sources), transported to the injection site and injected into deep geological formations for storage. This will produce new water challenges, such as the amount of water used in energy resource development and utilization and the 'capture penalty' for water use. At depth, brine displacement within formations, storage reservoir pressure increases resulting from injection, and leakage are potential concerns. Potential impacts range from increasing water demand for capture to contamination of groundwater through leakage or brine displacement. Understanding these potential impacts and the conditions under which they arise informs the design and implementation of appropriate monitoring and controls, important both for assurance of environmental safety and for accounting purposes. Potential benefits also exist, such as co-production and treatment of water to both offset reservoir pressure increase and to provide local water for beneficial use. JF - Environmental Management AU - Newmark, Robin L AU - Friedmann, Samuel J AU - Carroll, Susan A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, MS 1713, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO, 80401, USA, robin.newmark@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/04// PY - 2010 DA - Apr 2010 SP - 651 EP - 661 PB - Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Ave. New York NY 10010 USA VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - resource development KW - accounting KW - Beneficial Use KW - Injection KW - Powerplants KW - Carbon KW - Water treatment KW - Emissions KW - Power plants KW - Geology KW - water demand KW - Pressure KW - Reservoirs KW - Fuel KW - water use KW - Leakage KW - Fossil fuels KW - Greenhouses KW - Storage KW - safety engineering KW - Energy resources KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Groundwater KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Benefits KW - Brines KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744618351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Water+Challenges+for+Geologic+Carbon+Capture+and+Sequestration&rft.au=Newmark%2C+Robin+L%3BFriedmann%2C+Samuel+J%3BCarroll%2C+Susan+A&rft.aulast=Newmark&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-010-9434-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leakage; Carbon; Fossil fuels; Energy resources; Power plants; Carbon dioxide; Pressure; Greenhouses; Brines; water use; resource development; accounting; Storage; safety engineering; Water treatment; Emissions; Groundwater pollution; Geology; water demand; Greenhouse gases; Reservoirs; Powerplants; Beneficial Use; Groundwater; Benefits; Injection; Fuel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9434-1 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Catalytic Upgrading of Pyrolysis Vapors From De-Lignified Biomass T2 - 2010 Spring National Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and 6th Global Congress on Process Safety (AIChE 2010) AN - 742825190; 5704289 JF - 2010 Spring National Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and 6th Global Congress on Process Safety (AIChE 2010) AU - Baldwin, Robert AU - French, Richard Y1 - 2010/03/21/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Mar 21 KW - Biomass KW - Vapors KW - Pyrolysis KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742825190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Spring+National+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+of+Chemical+Engineers+and+6th+Global+Congress+on+Process+Safety+%28AIChE+2010%29&rft.atitle=Catalytic+Upgrading+of+Pyrolysis+Vapors+From+De-Lignified+Biomass&rft.au=Baldwin%2C+Robert%3BFrench%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2010-03-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Spring+National+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+of+Chemical+Engineers+and+6th+Global+Congress+on+Process+Safety+%28AIChE+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aiche.confex.com/aiche/s10/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-17 N1 - Last updated - 2010-08-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygenic hydrogen photoproduction - current status of the technology AN - 1777110945; 13196057 AB - Oxygenic photosynthetic microbes such as green algae and cyanobacteria are capable of simultaneously splitting water and generating O sub(2) and H sub(2). This property confers them the ability to directly utilize sunlight to produce a clean fuel, H sub(2) gas. In this article, we discuss the two major classes of enzymes present in these organisms that are involved in H sub(2) production, hydrogenases and nitrogenases. We also describe the major barriers that must be overcome to bring the process to commercial deployment, as well as recent technological advances in the area. JF - Current Science (Bangalore) AU - Ghirardi, M L AU - Mohanty, P AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden CO, USA Y1 - 2010/02/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Feb 25 SP - 499 EP - 507 PB - Indian Academy of Sciences, C. V. Raman Avenue P.O. Box 8005 Sadashivanagar, Bangalore 560 080 India, [mailto:office@ias.ernet.in], [URL:http://www.ias.ac.in/] VL - 98 IS - 4 SN - 0011-3891, 0011-3891 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN) KW - Organisms KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Clean fuels KW - Photoproduction KW - Microorganisms KW - Enzymes KW - Splitting KW - Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777110945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Science+%28Bangalore%29&rft.atitle=Oxygenic+hydrogen+photoproduction+-+current+status+of+the+technology&rft.au=Ghirardi%2C+M+L%3BMohanty%2C+P&rft.aulast=Ghirardi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2010-02-25&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Science+%28Bangalore%29&rft.issn=00113891&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular characterization and homologous overexpression of [FeFe]-hydrogenase in Clostridium tyrobutyricum JM1 AN - 899156040; 15311919 AB - The H sub(2-evoving [FeFe]-hydrogenase in Clostridium tyrobutyricum JM1 was isolated to elucidate molecular characterization and modular structure of the hydrogenase. Then, homologous overexpression of the hydrogenase gene was for the first time performed to enhance hydrogen production. The hydA open reading frame (ORF) was 1734-bp, encodes 577 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 63,970 Da, and presents 80% and 75% identity at the amino acid level with the [FeFe]-hydrogenase genes of Clostridium kluyveri DSM 555 and Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824, respectively. One histidine residue and 19 cysteine residues, known to fasten one [2Fe-2S] cluster, three [4Fe-4S] clusters and one H-cluster, were conserved in hydA of C. tyrobutyricum. A 2327-bp DNA region containing the ORF and the putative promoter region was amplified and subcloned into a pJIR418 shuttle vector. The gene transfer of the recombinant plasmid into C. tyrobutyricum JM1 was performed by a modified electrotransformation method. Homologous overexpression of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase gene resulted in a 1.7-fold and 1.5-fold increase in hydrogenase activity and hydrogen yield concomitant with the shift of metabolic pathway.) JF - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy AU - Jo, Ji Hye AU - Jeon, Che Ok AU - Lee, Seung Yoon AU - Lee, Dae Sung AU - Park, Jong Moon AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401-3393, USA Y1 - 2010/02// PY - 2010 DA - Feb 2010 SP - 1065 EP - 1073 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0360-3199, 0360-3199 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clostridium tyrobutyricum KW - [FeFe]-hydrogenase KW - Homologous overexpression KW - Hydrogen production KW - Clostridium KW - Amino acids KW - shuttle vectors KW - Hydrogen KW - Plasmids KW - Promoters KW - Gene transfer KW - Cysteine KW - Energy KW - Histidine KW - Clostridium acetobutylicum KW - Metabolic pathways KW - DNA KW - Hydrogenase KW - Open reading frames KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899156040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Hydrogen+Energy&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+and+homologous+overexpression+of+%5BFeFe%5D-hydrogenase+in+Clostridium+tyrobutyricum+JM1&rft.au=Jo%2C+Ji+Hye%3BJeon%2C+Che+Ok%3BLee%2C+Seung+Yoon%3BLee%2C+Dae+Sung%3BPark%2C+Jong+Moon&rft.aulast=Jo&rft.aufirst=Ji&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1065&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Hydrogen+Energy&rft.issn=03603199&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijhydene.2009.11.102 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amino acids; Hydrogen; shuttle vectors; Plasmids; Promoters; Cysteine; Gene transfer; Histidine; Energy; DNA; Metabolic pathways; Hydrogenase; Open reading frames; Clostridium; Clostridium tyrobutyricum; Clostridium acetobutylicum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.11.102 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative energy life-cycle analyses of microalgal biomass production in open ponds and photobioreactors AN - 883015951; 15306096 AB - An analysis of the energy life-cycle for production of biomass using the oil-rich microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. was performed, which included both raceway ponds, tubular and flat-plate photobioreactors for algal cultivation. The net energy ratio (NER) for each process was calculated. The results showed that the use of horizontal tubular photobioreactors (PBRs) is not economically feasible ([NER] 1) and that the estimated NERs for flat-plate PBRs and raceway ponds is 1. The NER for ponds and flat-plate PBRs could be raised to significantly higher values if the lipid content of the biomass were increased to 60% dw/cwd. Although neither system is currently competitive with petroleum, the threshold oil cost at which this would occur was also estimated. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Jorquera, Orlando AU - Kiperstok, Asher AU - Sales, Emerson A AU - Embirucu, Marcelo AU - Ghirardi, Maria L Y1 - 2010/02// PY - 2010 DA - Feb 2010 SP - 1406 EP - 1413 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 101 IS - 4 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Photobioreactors KW - Oil production KW - Microalgae KW - Life-cycle analysis KW - Energy KW - life cycle analysis KW - Lipids KW - Biomass KW - photobioreactors KW - Nannochloropsis KW - Ponds KW - Oil KW - Petroleum KW - cultivation KW - Algae KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - K 03330:Biochemistry KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/883015951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Comparative+energy+life-cycle+analyses+of+microalgal+biomass+production+in+open+ponds+and+photobioreactors&rft.au=Jorquera%2C+Orlando%3BKiperstok%2C+Asher%3BSales%2C+Emerson+A%3BEmbirucu%2C+Marcelo%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria+L&rft.aulast=Jorquera&rft.aufirst=Orlando&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1406&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2009.09.038 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Petroleum; Biomass; Ponds; Algae; Oil; Lipids; Energy; photobioreactors; life cycle analysis; cultivation; Nannochloropsis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Space-time forecasting using soft geostatistics: a case study in forecasting municipal water demand for Phoenix, Arizona AN - 744676634; 12597794 AB - Managing environmental and social systems in the face of uncertainty requires the best possible forecasts of future conditions. We use space-time variability in historical data and projections of future population density to improve forecasting of residential water demand in the City of Phoenix, Arizona. Our future water estimates are derived using the first and second order statistical moments between a dependent variable, water use, and an independent variable, population density. The independent variable is projected at future points, and remains uncertain. We use adjusted statistical moments that cover projection errors in the independent variable, and propose a methodology to generate information-rich future estimates. These updated estimates are processed in Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME), which produces maps of estimated water use to the year 2030. Integrating the uncertain estimates into the space-time forecasting process improves forecasting accuracy up to 43.9% over other space-time mapping methods that do not assimilate the uncertain estimates. Further validation studies reveal that BME is more accurate than co-kriging that integrates the error-free independent variable, but shows similar accuracy to kriging with measurement error that processes the uncertain estimates. Our proposed forecasting method benefits from the uncertain estimates of the future, provides up-to-date forecasts of water use, and can be adapted to other socio-economic and environmental applications. JF - Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment AU - Lee, Seung-Jae AU - Wentz, Elizabeth A AU - Gober, Patricia AD - Strategic Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO, 80401, USA, seungjae.lee@alumni.unc.edu Y1 - 2010/02// PY - 2010 DA - Feb 2010 SP - 283 EP - 295 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 1436-3240, 1436-3240 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - water use KW - Risk assessment KW - Historical account KW - Municipal water supplies KW - Population density KW - Socioeconomics KW - case studies KW - USA, Arizona KW - water demand KW - Mapping KW - USA, Arizona, Phoenix KW - Urban areas KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744676634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stochastic+Environmental+Research+and+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Space-time+forecasting+using+soft+geostatistics%3A+a+case+study+in+forecasting+municipal+water+demand+for+Phoenix%2C+Arizona&rft.au=Lee%2C+Seung-Jae%3BWentz%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BGober%2C+Patricia&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Seung-Jae&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Stochastic+Environmental+Research+and+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=14363240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00477-009-0317-z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - case studies; Risk assessment; water use; Historical account; Municipal water supplies; Population density; Socioeconomics; Mapping; water demand; Urban areas; USA, Arizona; USA, Arizona, Phoenix DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-009-0317-z ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Clean Energy Lands Cape - Linking Cyberspace with Real World Impact T2 - 13th Annual Energy and Environment Conference and Expo (EUEC 2010) AN - 42363687; 5665706 JF - 13th Annual Energy and Environment Conference and Expo (EUEC 2010) AU - Wise, Alison Y1 - 2010/02/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Feb 01 KW - Internet KW - Energy KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42363687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=13th+Annual+Energy+and+Environment+Conference+and+Expo+%28EUEC+2010%29&rft.atitle=The+Clean+Energy+Lands+Cape+-+Linking+Cyberspace+with+Real+World+Impact&rft.au=Wise%2C+Alison&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=13th+Annual+Energy+and+Environment+Conference+and+Expo+%28EUEC+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://euec.com/documents/pdf/Pre-Guide2010.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Renewable Electricity Standards and CAP and Trade Interaction and Electric Sector Impacts T2 - 13th Annual Energy and Environment Conference and Expo (EUEC 2010) AN - 42361955; 5665791 JF - 13th Annual Energy and Environment Conference and Expo (EUEC 2010) AU - Chapman, Caroline Y1 - 2010/02/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Feb 01 KW - Electricity KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42361955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=13th+Annual+Energy+and+Environment+Conference+and+Expo+%28EUEC+2010%29&rft.atitle=Renewable+Electricity+Standards+and+CAP+and+Trade+Interaction+and+Electric+Sector+Impacts&rft.au=Chapman%2C+Caroline&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=13th+Annual+Energy+and+Environment+Conference+and+Expo+%28EUEC+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://euec.com/documents/pdf/Pre-Guide2010.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Role of Alternative Energy in Carbon Emissions Mitigation under Various Technological Settings T2 - 13th Annual Energy and Environment Conference and Expo (EUEC 2010) AN - 42360204; 5665721 JF - 13th Annual Energy and Environment Conference and Expo (EUEC 2010) AU - Chapman, Caroline Y1 - 2010/02/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Feb 01 KW - Mitigation KW - Emissions KW - Carbon KW - Energy KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42360204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=13th+Annual+Energy+and+Environment+Conference+and+Expo+%28EUEC+2010%29&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Alternative+Energy+in+Carbon+Emissions+Mitigation+under+Various+Technological+Settings&rft.au=Chapman%2C+Caroline&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=13th+Annual+Energy+and+Environment+Conference+and+Expo+%28EUEC+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://euec.com/documents/pdf/Pre-Guide2010.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technical and economic assessment of photovoltaic-driven desalination systems AN - 21212449; 11180056 AB - Solar desalination systems are approaching technical and cost viability for producing fresh-water, a commodity of equal importance to energy in many arid and coastal regions worldwide. Solar photovoltaics (PV) represent an ideal, clean alternative to fossil fuels, especially for remote communities such as grid-limited villages or isolated islands. These applications for water production in remote areas are the first to be nearing cost-competitiveness due to decreasing PV prices and increasing fossil fuel prices over the last five years. The electricity produced from PV systems for desalination applications can be used for electro-mechanical devices such as pumps or in direct-current (DC) devices. Reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis (ED) desalination units are the most favorable alternatives to be coupled with PV systems. RO usually operates on alternating current (AC) for the pumps, thus requiring a DC/AC inverter. In contrast, electrodialysis uses DC for the electrodes at the cell stack, and hence, it can use the energy supplied from the PV panels with some minor power conditioning. Energy storage is critical and batteries are required for sustained operation. In this paper, we discuss the operational features and system designs of typical PV-RO and PV-ED systems in terms of their suitability and optimization for PV operation. For PV-RO and PV-ED systems, we evaluate their electricity need, capital and operational costs, and fresh-water production costs. We cover ongoing and projected research and development activities, with estimates of their potential economics. We discuss the feasibility of future solar desalination based on expected (or predicted) improvements in technology of the desalination and PV systems. Examples are provided for Middle East and other parts of the World. JF - Renewable Energy AU - Al-Karaghouli, Ali AU - Renne, David AU - Kazmerski, Lawrence L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd. Golden, CO 80401, USA, ali_al-qaraghuli@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/02// PY - 2010 DA - Feb 2010 SP - 323 EP - 328 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0960-1481, 0960-1481 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Resource management KW - Reverse osmosis KW - Desalination KW - villages KW - Electricity KW - Islands KW - Batteries KW - Production cost KW - solar cells KW - Economics KW - Stacks KW - Middle East KW - Electrodialysis KW - Photovoltaics KW - Fossil fuels KW - Storage KW - Coastal zone KW - Renewable energy KW - Electrodes KW - Pumps KW - production costs KW - Environment management KW - Research programs KW - Technology KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09170:Nearshore dynamics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21212449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renewable+Energy&rft.atitle=Technical+and+economic+assessment+of+photovoltaic-driven+desalination+systems&rft.au=Al-Karaghouli%2C+Ali%3BRenne%2C+David%3BKazmerski%2C+Lawrence+L&rft.aulast=Al-Karaghouli&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Renewable+Energy&rft.issn=09601481&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.renene.2009.05.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Fossil fuels; Production cost; Economics; Desalination; Stacks; Electricity; Environment management; Electrodialysis; Feasibility studies; Photovoltaics; Reverse osmosis; villages; Storage; Coastal zone; Islands; Batteries; Renewable energy; Electrodes; solar cells; Pumps; production costs; Research programs; Technology; Middle East DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.05.018 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization of MoO sub(3) nanoparticles as negative-electrode material in high-energy lithium ion batteries AN - 21084715; 11087940 AB - Highly uniform MoO sub(3) nanoparticles, created using a unique hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) system, were studied as active material for negative electrodes in high-energy lithium ion batteries. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), surface area analysis (BET), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized for powder characterization. Electrodes were fabricated from a slurry of MoO sub(3), acetylene black (AB), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder deposited on copper foil. Electrochemical performance was optimized as a function of pre-annealing temperature and PVDF ratio. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated both water removal and binder decomposition during heat treatment. However, melting binder rich electrodes appeared to redistribute the conductive additive and create a uniform coating that lead to improved durability. An optimized reversible high capacity of [not, vert, similar]1050 mAh g super(-1) was obtained for an electrode fabricated from 70:10:20 active material: PVDF with a 250 not equal to pre-heat treatment. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Riley, Leah A AU - Lee, Se-Hee AU - Gedvilias, Lynn AU - Dillon, Anne C AD - University of Colorado, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States, anne.dillon@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/01/15/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jan 15 SP - 588 EP - 592 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 195 IS - 2 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Temperature KW - Fourier transforms KW - Batteries KW - Microscopy KW - Electrodes KW - Additives KW - Lithium KW - Coatings KW - surface area KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21084715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+MoO+sub%283%29+nanoparticles+as+negative-electrode+material+in+high-energy+lithium+ion+batteries&rft.au=Riley%2C+Leah+A%3BLee%2C+Se-Hee%3BGedvilias%2C+Lynn%3BDillon%2C+Anne+C&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Leah&rft.date=2010-01-15&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=588&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2009.08.013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Electrodes; Temperature; Lithium; Batteries; surface area; Coatings; Microscopy; Fourier transforms; Additives DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.08.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid identification and quantification of soil organic carbon forms using pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry AN - 919640235; 2012-017181 JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Magrini, K AU - Davis, M AU - Follett, R AU - Hoover, C AU - Evans, R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2010 PY - 2010 DA - 2010 SP - 1 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 74 IS - 12, Suppl. 1 SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - United States KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - chemical analysis KW - carbon sequestration KW - biomass KW - statistical analysis KW - techniques KW - mass spectroscopy KW - laboratory studies KW - quantitative analysis KW - pyrolysis KW - multivariate analysis KW - identification KW - carbon KW - organic carbon KW - spectroscopy KW - geochemistry KW - Midwest KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919640235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Rapid+identification+and+quantification+of+soil+organic+carbon+forms+using+pyrolysis+molecular+beam+mass+spectrometry&rft.au=Magrini%2C+K%3BDavis%2C+M%3BFollett%2C+R%3BHoover%2C+C%3BEvans%2C+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Magrini&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=12%2C+Suppl.+1&rft.spage=A657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://goldschmidt.info/2010/abstracts/A-Z+Index.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 20th annual V. M. Goldschmidt conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - CODEN - GCACAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biomass; carbon; carbon sequestration; chemical analysis; experimental studies; geochemistry; identification; laboratory studies; mass spectroscopy; Midwest; multivariate analysis; organic carbon; pyrolysis; quantitative analysis; soils; spectroscopy; statistical analysis; techniques; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Renewable Energy Technologies in Limiting Climate Change AN - 902370962; 15497032 AB - The recent National Academies (NRC, 2010) report Limiting the Magnitude of Future Climate Change concluded that "... renewable energy technologies that do not emit GHGs [greenhouse gases] are an important and viable part of a near-term strategy for limiting climate change, and they could potentially play a dominant role in global energy supply over longer time scales". JF - Bridge AU - Arent, D J AD - The Joint Institute for Strategic Engerny Analysis at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2010///0, PY - 2010 DA - 0, 2010 SP - 31 EP - 39 PB - National Academy of Engineering VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0737-6278, 0737-6278 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Renewable energy KW - Climate change KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902370962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bridge&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Renewable+Energy+Technologies+in+Limiting+Climate+Change&rft.au=Arent%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Arent&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bridge&rft.issn=07376278&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Renewable energy; Climate change; Greenhouse gases; Technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An economic comparison of different fermentation configurations to convert corn stover to ethanol using Z. mobilis and Saccharomyces AN - 869577107; 14819979 AB - Numerous routes are being explored to lower the cost of cellulosic ethanol production and enable large-scale production. One critical area is the development of robust cofermentative organisms to convert the multiple, mixed sugars found in biomass feedstocks to ethanol at high yields and titers without the need for processing to remove inhibitors. Until such microorganisms are commercialized, the challenge is to design processes that exploit the current microorganisms' strengths. This study explored various process configurations tailored to take advantage of the specific capabilities of three microorganisms, Z. mobilis 8b, S. cerevisiae, and S. pastorianus. A technoeconomic study, based on bench-scale experimental data generated by integrated process testing, was completed to understand the resulting costs of the different process configurations. The configurations included whole slurry fermentation with a coculture, and separate cellulose simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and xylose fermentations with none, some or all of the water to the SSF replaced with the fermented liquor from the xylose fermentation. The difference between the highest and lowest ethanol cost for the different experimental process configurations studied was $0.27 per gallon ethanol. Separate fermentation of solid and liquor streams with recycle of fermented liquor to dilute the solids gave the lowest ethanol cost, primarily because this option achieved the highest concentrations of ethanol after fermentation. Further studies, using methods similar to ones employed here, can help understand and improve the performance and hence the economics of integrated processes involving enzymes and fermentative microorganisms. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Dutta, Abhijit AU - Dowe, Nancy AU - Ibsen, Kelly N AU - Schell, Daniel J AU - Aden, Andy AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, abhijit.dutta@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/01/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jan 01 SP - 64 EP - 72 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 1520-6033, 1520-6033 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Xylose KW - Data processing KW - Fermentation KW - Cellulose KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Streams KW - Saccharomyces KW - Slurries KW - Economics KW - Microorganisms KW - Ethanol KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869577107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=An+economic+comparison+of+different+fermentation+configurations+to+convert+corn+stover+to+ethanol+using+Z.+mobilis+and+Saccharomyces&rft.au=Dutta%2C+Abhijit%3BDowe%2C+Nancy%3BIbsen%2C+Kelly+N%3BSchell%2C+Daniel+J%3BAden%2C+Andy&rft.aulast=Dutta&rft.aufirst=Abhijit&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=15206033&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbtpr.311 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Data processing; Xylose; Fermentation; Slurries; Cellulose; Economics; Microorganisms; Enzymes; Biomass; Streams; Ethanol; Saccharomyces DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.311 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Solar Photovoltaics Technology AN - 745707068; 12578447 AB - The prospects of current and coming solar-photovoltaic (PV) technologies are envisioned, arguing this solar-electricity source is at a tipping point in the complex worldwide energy outlook. Truly, a revolution in both the technological advancements of solar PV and the deployment of this energy technology is underway. The emphasis of this presentation is on R&D advances (cell, materials, and module options), with indications of the limitations and strengths of crystalline (Si and GaAs) and thin-film (a-Si:H, Si, Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2, CdTe). The contributions and technological pathways for now and near-term technologies (silicon, III-Vs, and thin films) and status and forecasts for next-generation PV (organics, nanotechnologies, non-conventional junction approaches) are evaluated. Recent advances in concentrators with efficiencies headed toward 50%, new directions for thin films (20% and beyond), and materials/device technology issues are discussed in terms of technology progress. Insights into technical and other investments needed to tip photovoltaics to its next level of contribution as a significant clean-energy partner in the world energy portfolio. The need for R&D accelerating the now and imminent (evolutionary) technologies balanced with work in mid-term (disruptive) approaches is highlighted. Moreover, technology progress and ownership for next generation solar PV mandates a balanced investment in research on longer-term (the revolution needs revolutionary approaches to sustain itself) technologies (quantum dots, multi-multijunctions, intermediate-band concepts, nanotubes, bio-inspired, thermophotonics, solar hydrogen. . .) having high-risk, but extremely high performance and cost returns for our next generations of energy consumers. Issues relating to manufacturing are explored--especially with the requirements for the next-generation technologies. This presentation provides insights into how this technology has developed--and where the R&D investments should be made and we can expect to be by this mid-21st century. JF - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: GENERATION AND APPLICATIONS. AU - Kazmerski, L L Y1 - 2010 PY - 2010 DA - 2010 PB - United Arab Emirates University KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Silicon KW - Conferences KW - Hydrogen KW - Renewable energy KW - portfolios KW - Technology KW - nanotechnology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745707068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Sustainability+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kazmerski%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Kazmerski&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Solar+Photovoltaics+Technology&rft.title=Solar+Photovoltaics+Technology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for biofuels production AN - 21156670; 11344689 AB - Fast pyrolysis bio-oils currently produced in demonstration and semi-commercial plants have potential as a fuel for stationary power production using boilers or turbines but they require significant modification to become an acceptable transportation fuel. Catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis vapors using zeolites is a potentially promising method for removing oxygen from organic compounds and converting them to hydrocarbons. This work evaluated a set of commercial and laboratory-synthesized catalysts for their hydrocarbon production performance via the pyrolysis/catalytic cracking route. Three types of biomass feedstocks; cellulose, lignin, and wood were pyrolyzed (batch experiments) in quartz boats in physical contact with the catalysts at temperature ranging from 400 degree C to 600 degree C and catalyst-to-biomass ratios of 5-10 by weight. Molecular-beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) was used to analyze the product vapor and gas composition. The highest yield of hydrocarbons (approximately 16 wt.%, including 3.5 wt.% of toluene) was achieved using nickel, cobalt, iron, and gallium-substituted ZSM-5. Tests performed using a semi-continuous flow reactor allowed us to observe the change in the composition of the volatiles produced by the pyrolysis/catalytic vapor cracking reactions as a function of the catalyst time-on-stream. The deoxygenation activity decreased with time because of coke deposits formed on the catalyst. JF - Fuel Processing Technology AU - French, Richard AU - Czernik, Stefan AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, United States, Stefan_Czernik@nrel.go Y1 - 2010/01// PY - 2010 DA - Jan 2010 SP - 25 EP - 32 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0378-3820, 0378-3820 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Fuels KW - Nickel KW - Temperature KW - Wood KW - Biomass KW - Pyrolysis KW - Vapors KW - Catalysts KW - Iron KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21156670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fuel+Processing+Technology&rft.atitle=Catalytic+pyrolysis+of+biomass+for+biofuels+production&rft.au=French%2C+Richard%3BCzernik%2C+Stefan&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fuel+Processing+Technology&rft.issn=03783820&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fuproc.2009.08.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pyrolysis; Catalysts; Vapors; Fuels; Biomass; Wood; Temperature; Nickel; Iron DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.08.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of corn stover composition on hemicellulose conversion during dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic cellulose digestibility of the pretreated solids AN - 21101280; 11091080 AB - This study assessed the impact of corn stover compositional variability on xylose conversion yields during dilute acid pretreatment and on enzymatic cellulose digestibility of the resulting pretreated solids. Seven compositionally-different stovers obtained from various locations throughout the United States were pretreated at three different conditions in triplicate in a pilot-scale continuous reactor. At the same pretreatment severity, a 2-fold increase in monomeric xylose yield and a 1.5-fold increase in enzymatic cellulose digestibility from their lowest values were found. Similar results were observed at the other pretreatment conditions. It was found that xylose conversion yields decreased with increasing acid neutralization capacity or soil content of the corn stover. Xylose yields also increased with increasing xylan content. No other significant correlations between corn stovers component concentrations and conversion yields were found. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Weiss, Noah D AU - Farmer, Joseph D AU - Schell, Daniel J AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA, dan.schell@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/01// PY - 2010 DA - Jan 2010 SP - 674 EP - 678 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 101 IS - 2 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Lignocellulosic biomass KW - Corn stover KW - Pretreatment KW - Feedstock variability KW - Reactivity KW - Xylose KW - Cellulose KW - corn KW - hemicellulose KW - Soil KW - USA KW - Xylan KW - Digestibility KW - Geographical variations KW - Neutralization KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - ENA 15:Renewable Resources-Terrestrial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21101280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+corn+stover+composition+on+hemicellulose+conversion+during+dilute+acid+pretreatment+and+enzymatic+cellulose+digestibility+of+the+pretreated+solids&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Noah+D%3BFarmer%2C+Joseph+D%3BSchell%2C+Daniel+J&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=674&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2009.08.082 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Xylose; Xylan; Digestibility; Cellulose; Geographical variations; hemicellulose; Neutralization; corn; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.082 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Application of Data Integration Methods to Aid in the Development of Second Generation Biofuels T2 - 7th Annual Rocky Mountain Bioinformatics Conference (Rocky 2009) AN - 42286410; 5622285 JF - 7th Annual Rocky Mountain Bioinformatics Conference (Rocky 2009) AU - Astling, David AU - Graf, Peter AU - Adragni, Kofi AU - Lee, Jinsuk AU - Davis, Mark Y1 - 2009/12/10/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 10 KW - Fuel technology KW - Biofuels KW - Integration KW - Data processing KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42286410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=7th+Annual+Rocky+Mountain+Bioinformatics+Conference+%28Rocky+2009%29&rft.atitle=Application+of+Data+Integration+Methods+to+Aid+in+the+Development+of+Second+Generation+Biofuels&rft.au=Astling%2C+David%3BGraf%2C+Peter%3BAdragni%2C+Kofi%3BLee%2C+Jinsuk%3BDavis%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Astling&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2009-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=7th+Annual+Rocky+Mountain+Bioinformatics+Conference+%28Rocky+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.iscb.org/cms_addon/conferences/rocky09/pdf/Program-book-Roc ky09.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone and TFA Impacts in North America from Degradation of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), A Potential Greenhouse Gas Replacement AN - 754542992; 13268484 AB - We use a regional-scale, three-dimensional atmospheric model to evaluate U.S. air quality effects that would result from replacing HFC-134a in automobile air conditioners in the U.S. with HFO-1234yf. Although HFO-1234yf produces tropospheric ozone, the incremental amount is small, averaging less than 0.01% of total ozone formed during the simulation. We show that this production of ozone could be compensated for by a modest improvement in air conditioner efficiency. Atmospheric decomposition of HFO-1234yf produces trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), which is subject to wet and dry deposition. Deposition and concentrations of TFA are spatially variable due to HFO-1234yf's short atmospheric lifetime, with more localized peaks and less global transport when compared to HFC-134a. Over the 2.5 month simulation, deposition of TFA in the continental U.S. from mobile air conditioners averages 0.24 kg km-2, substantially higher than previous estimates from all sources of current hydrofluorocarbons. Automobile air conditioning HFO-1234yf emissions are predicted to produce concentrations of TFA in Eastern U.S. rainfall at least double the values currently observed from all sources, natural and man-made. Our model predicts peak concentrations in rainfall of 1264 ng L-1, a level that is 80X lower than the lowest level considered safe for the most sensitive aquatic organisms. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Luecken, Deborah J AU - L Waterland, Robert AU - Papasavva, Stella AU - Taddonio, Kristen N AU - Hutzell, William T AU - Rugh, John P AU - Andersen, Stephen O AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc., Wilmington, Delaware 19880; Stella Papasavva Consulting, Royal Oak, Michigan 48073; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 19805; and U.S. Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 Y1 - 2009/12/08/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 08 SP - 343 EP - 348 PB - American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St., NW Washington DC 20036 USA VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Degradation KW - Air conditioning KW - Motor vehicles KW - Rainfall KW - Climate change KW - Environmental sciences KW - Air quality KW - Decomposition KW - Environmental factors KW - Wet and dry deposition KW - Atmospheric models KW - Ozone in troposphere KW - Emissions KW - Ozone KW - North America KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Simulation KW - Troposphere KW - Greenhouse effect KW - USA KW - Numerical simulations KW - Dry deposition KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754542992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Ozone+and+TFA+Impacts+in+North+America+from+Degradation+of+2%2C3%2C3%2C3-Tetrafluoropropene+%28HFO-1234yf%29%2C+A+Potential+Greenhouse+Gas+Replacement&rft.au=Luecken%2C+Deborah+J%3BL+Waterland%2C+Robert%3BPapasavva%2C+Stella%3BTaddonio%2C+Kristen+N%3BHutzell%2C+William+T%3BRugh%2C+John+P%3BAndersen%2C+Stephen+O&rft.aulast=Luecken&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=2009-12-08&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes902481f L2 - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es902481f LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Degradation; Air conditioning; Climate change; Troposphere; Simulation; Greenhouse effect; Environmental factors; Ozone; Ozone in troposphere; Atmospheric pollution; Numerical simulations; Environmental sciences; Air quality; Greenhouse gases; Atmospheric models; Wet and dry deposition; Aquatic organisms; Rainfall; Motor vehicles; Decomposition; Emissions; Dry deposition; North America; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902481f ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The photophysics of charge generation and decay in organic bulk heterojunctions studied with Time-Resolved Microwave Photoconductivity T2 - 11th Pacific Polymer Conference (PPC 11) AN - 42263773; 5612419 JF - 11th Pacific Polymer Conference (PPC 11) AU - Kopidakis, Nikos Y1 - 2009/12/06/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 06 KW - Decay KW - Microwave radiation KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42263773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=11th+Pacific+Polymer+Conference+%28PPC+11%29&rft.atitle=The+photophysics+of+charge+generation+and+decay+in+organic+bulk+heterojunctions+studied+with+Time-Resolved+Microwave+Photoconductivity&rft.au=Kopidakis%2C+Nikos&rft.aulast=Kopidakis&rft.aufirst=Nikos&rft.date=2009-12-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=11th+Pacific+Polymer+Conference+%28PPC+11%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://leishman.conference-services.net/programme.asp?conferenceID=16 04&language=en-uk LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Photoinduced Electron Transfer at Conjugated Polymer-Fullerene Interfaces: A Transient Microwave Conductivity Study T2 - 11th Pacific Polymer Conference (PPC 11) AN - 42263295; 5612094 JF - 11th Pacific Polymer Conference (PPC 11) AU - Rumbles, Garry AU - Ferguson, Andrew AU - Kopidakis, Nikos AU - Dayal, Smita AU - Coffey, David Y1 - 2009/12/06/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 06 KW - Electron transfer KW - Microwave radiation KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42263295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=11th+Pacific+Polymer+Conference+%28PPC+11%29&rft.atitle=Photoinduced+Electron+Transfer+at+Conjugated+Polymer-Fullerene+Interfaces%3A+A+Transient+Microwave+Conductivity+Study&rft.au=Rumbles%2C+Garry%3BFerguson%2C+Andrew%3BKopidakis%2C+Nikos%3BDayal%2C+Smita%3BCoffey%2C+David&rft.aulast=Rumbles&rft.aufirst=Garry&rft.date=2009-12-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=11th+Pacific+Polymer+Conference+%28PPC+11%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://leishman.conference-services.net/programme.asp?conferenceID=16 04&language=en-uk LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A monolithic three-terminal GaInAsP/GaInAs tandem solar cell AN - 896201823; 15035943 AB - We describe the design and performance of a three-terminal tandem solar cell for low-concentration terrestrial applications. Designed for operation under a GaAs filter, the tandem demonstrates cumulative conversion efficiencies of 10.2 and 11.9% at 1 sun and 45 suns, respectively, under the concentrated direct spectrum. The middle terminal is shared between the two subcells and allows them to be operated independently at their respective maximum power points. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Steiner, M A AU - Wanlass, M W AU - Carapella, J J AU - Duda, A AU - Ward, J S AU - Moriarty, T E AU - Emery, K A Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - Dec 2009 SP - 587 EP - 593 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 17 IS - 8 SN - 1099-159X, 1099-159X KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Filters KW - solar cells KW - sun KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/896201823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=A+monolithic+three-terminal+GaInAsP%2FGaInAs+tandem+solar+cell&rft.au=Steiner%2C+M+A%3BWanlass%2C+M+W%3BCarapella%2C+J+J%3BDuda%2C+A%3BWard%2C+J+S%3BMoriarty%2C+T+E%3BEmery%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=1099159X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.913 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pip.913/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Photovoltaics; solar cells; sun DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.913 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a high-throughput method to evaluate the impact of inhibitory compounds from lignocellulosic hydrolysates on the growth of Zymomonas mobilis AN - 744611696; 13010209 AB - Overcoming the effects of hydrolysate toxicity towards ethanologens is a key technical barrier in the biochemical conversion process for biomass feedstocks to ethanol. Despite its importance, the complexity of the hydrolysate toxicity phenomena and the lack of systematic studies, analysis and tools surrounding this issue have blocked a full understanding of relationships involving toxic compounds in hydrolysates and their effects on ethanologen growth and fermentation. In this study, we developed a quantitative, high-throughput biological growth assay using an automated turbidometer to obtain detailed inhibitory kinetics for individual compounds present in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate. Information about prolonged lag time and final cell densities can also be obtained. The effects of furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), acetate and ethanol on growth rate and final cell densities of Zymomonas mobilis 8b on glucose are presented. This method was also shown to be of value in toxicity studies of hydrolysate itself, despite the highly colored nature of this material. Using this approach, we can generate comprehensive inhibitory profiles with many individual compounds and develop models that predict and examine toxic effects in the complex mixture of hydrolysates, leading to the development of improved pretreatment and conditioning processes as well as fermentation organisms. JF - Journal of Biotechnology AU - Franden, Mary Ann AU - Pienkos, Philip T AU - Zhang, Min AD - National Bioenergy Center, MS3323, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA, min.zhang@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - Dec 2009 SP - 259 EP - 267 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 144 IS - 4 SN - 0168-1656, 0168-1656 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - High-throughput screening KW - Cell growth assay KW - Bioscreen C KW - Cellulose KW - Hemicellulose KW - Hydrolysate KW - Biomass KW - Ethanol KW - Lignocellulosic KW - Growth rate KW - Fermentation KW - Cell density KW - Glucose KW - Toxicity KW - Acetic acid KW - Kinetics KW - Hydrolysates KW - Furfural KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744611696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+high-throughput+method+to+evaluate+the+impact+of+inhibitory+compounds+from+lignocellulosic+hydrolysates+on+the+growth+of+Zymomonas+mobilis&rft.au=Franden%2C+Mary+Ann%3BPienkos%2C+Philip+T%3BZhang%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Franden&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01681656&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jbiotec.2009.08.006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Fermentation; Kinetics; Cell density; Glucose; Toxicity; Biomass; Acetic acid; Hydrolysates; Furfural; Ethanol; Zymomonas mobilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.08.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-Throughput Screening Techniques for Biomass Conversion AN - 743593552; 201005-51-1723991 (MT); 11801183 (EN); 201005-70-0247062 (EA) AB - High-throughput (HTP) screening of biomass or biomass-degrading enzymes, regardless of the desired outcome, is fraught with obstacles and challenges not typically faced in more traditional biotechnology. The enzyme systems are complex and synergistic and the substrate is highly heterogeneous, insoluble, and difficult to dispense. Digestions are often carried out for days at temperatures of 50 degree C or higher, leading to significant challenges regarding evaporation control in small well volumes. Furthermore, it is often desirable to condition or 'pretreat' the biomass at extreme temperatures and/or pH to enhance enzyme digestibility. Once the substrate has been saccharified, evaluation of the extent and efficiency of conversion is made more difficult by time-consuming and tedious techniques used to measure the sugar products. Over the past decade or so, biomass researchers have creatively addressed these challenges by developing techniques to reduce biomass heterogeneity, uniformly distribute biomass samples at the small scale, pretreat the biomass at the small scale, quantitatively load these samples with enzymes, control evaporation of small reaction volumes for multiday incubations, and rapidly quantify the products. Other aspects of these measurements remain problematic and are being addressed. This review will address some of these challenges in detail, but more importantly, we will endeavor to educate the reader about the trials, tribulations, and pitfalls of carrying out HTP screening in biomass conversion research. JF - BioEnergy Research AU - Decker, Stephen R AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Selig, Michael J AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, MS 3323, Golden, CO, 80401, USA steve.decker@nrel.gov PY - 2009 SP - 179 EP - 192 PB - Springer New York, LLC, 233 Spring St New York NY 10013-1578 USA VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1939-1234, 1939-1234 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering (MT); Environmental Engineering (EN); Electronics & Communication (EA) KW - Publisher ID: s12155-009-9051-0 KW - Biomass KW - Enzymes KW - Conversion KW - Screening KW - Small scale KW - Evaporation KW - Biotechnology KW - Heterogeneity KW - Article KW - EE 70:Energy (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/743593552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioEnergy+Research&rft.atitle=High-Throughput+Screening+Techniques+for+Biomass+Conversion&rft.au=Decker%2C+Stephen+R%3BBrunecky%2C+Roman%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BSelig%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Decker&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioEnergy+Research&rft.issn=19391234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12155-009-9051-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-009-9051-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solar and wind opportunities for water desalination in the Arab regions AN - 34929897; 200911-31-0148733 (CE); 10979702 (EN) AB - Despite the abundance of renewable energy resources in the Arab region, the use of solar thermal, solar photovoltaics, and wind is still in its technological and economic infancy. Great potential exists, but economic constraints have impeded more rapid growth for many applications. These technologies have certainly advanced technically over the last quarter century to the point where they should now be considered clean- energy alternatives to fossil fuels. For the Arab countries and many other regions of the world, potable water is becoming as critical a commodity as electricity. As renewable energy technologies advance and environmental concerns rise, these technologies are becoming more interesting partners for powering water desalination projects. We evaluate the current potential and viability of solar and wind, emphasizing the strict mandate for accurate, reliable site-specific resource data. Water desalination can be achieved through either thermal energy (using phase-change processes) or electricity (driving membrane processes), and these sources are best matched to the particular desalination technology. Desalination using solar thermal can be accomplished by multistage flash distillation, multi-effect distillation, vapor compression, freeze separation, and solar still methods. Concentrating solar power offers the best match to large-scale plants that require both high-temperature fluids and electricity. Solar and wind electricity can be effective energy sources for reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and ultra- and nano-filtration. All these water desalination processes have special operational and high energy requirements that put additional requisites on the use of solar and wind to power these applications. We summarize the characteristics of the various desalination technologies. The effective match of solar thermal, solar photovoltaics, and wind to each of these is discussed in detail. An economic analysis is provided that incorporates energy consumption, water production levels, and environmental benefits in its model. Finally, the expected evolution of the renewable technologies over the near- to mid-term is discussed with the implications for desalination applications over these timeframes. JF - Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews AU - Al-Karaghouli, Ali AU - Renne, David AU - Kazmerski, Lawrence L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA ali_al-karaghouli@nrel.gov PY - 2009 SP - 2397 EP - 2407 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd , The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f)elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 13 IS - 9 SN - 1364-0321, 1364-0321 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Desalination KW - Wind power generation KW - Electricity KW - Nanostructure KW - Photovoltaic cells KW - Solar cells KW - Distillation KW - Solar power generation KW - Article KW - EE 70:Energy (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/34929897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renewable+%26+Sustainable+Energy+Reviews&rft.atitle=Solar+and+wind+opportunities+for+water+desalination+in+the+Arab+regions&rft.au=Al-Karaghouli%2C+Ali%3BRenne%2C+David%3BKazmerski%2C+Lawrence+L&rft.aulast=Al-Karaghouli&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Renewable+%26+Sustainable+Energy+Reviews&rft.issn=13640321&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rser.2008.05.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.05.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of power electronics interfaces for distributed energy systems towards achieving low-cost modular design AN - 34923248; 200911-31-0148727 (CE); 10979594 (EN) AB - Due to increased attention towards clean and sustainable energy, distributed energy (DE) systems are gaining popularity all over the world. Power electronics are an integral part of these energy systems being able to convert generated electricity into consumer usable and utility compatible forms. But the addition of power electronics adds costs to the de capital investments along with some reliability issues. Therefore, widespread use of distributed energy requires power electronics topologies that are less expensive and more dependable. Use of modular power electronics is a way to address these issues. Adoption of functional building blocks that can be used for multiple applications results in high volume production and reduced engineering effort, design testing, onsite installation and maintenance work for specific customer applications. In this paper, different power electronics topologies are reviewed that are typically used with distributed energy systems. The integrated power electronics module (IPEM) based back-to-back converter topologies are found to be most suitable interface that can operate with different de systems with small or no modifications. Also the requirements for a hierarchical control structure with standardized power and communication interfaces are addressed in the paper along with some discussion on future design possibilities for the IPEM-based power electronics topologies. It is expected that modular and flexible power electronics and standardized controls and interfaces, will provide commonality in hardware and software for the power electronics interfaces, thus will enable their volume production and decrease their cost share in distributed energy applications. JF - Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews AU - Chakraborty, Sudipta AU - Kramer, Bill AU - Kroposki, Benjamin AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA sudipta.chakraborty@nrel.gov PY - 2009 SP - 2323 EP - 2335 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd , The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 13 IS - 9 SN - 1364-0321, 1364-0321 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Electric power generation KW - Electronics KW - Energy distribution KW - Topology KW - Modular KW - Energy use KW - Costs KW - Design engineering KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/34923248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renewable+%26+Sustainable+Energy+Reviews&rft.atitle=A+review+of+power+electronics+interfaces+for+distributed+energy+systems+towards+achieving+low-cost+modular+design&rft.au=Chakraborty%2C+Sudipta%3BKramer%2C+Bill%3BKroposki%2C+Benjamin&rft.aulast=Chakraborty&rft.aufirst=Sudipta&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Renewable+%26+Sustainable+Energy+Reviews&rft.issn=13640321&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rser.2009.05.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.05.005 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - On-road and In-Laboratory Testing to Demonstrate Effects of ULSD , B20 and B99 on a Retrofit Urea-SCR Aftertreatment System T2 - 2009 Conference on Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants AN - 42065658; 5492516 JF - 2009 Conference on Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants AU - Walkowicz, Kevin AU - Sahay, Keshav AU - Robertson, William AU - Bogdanoff, Michael AU - Weaver, Christopher AU - Na, Kwangsam Y1 - 2009/11/02/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Nov 02 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42065658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+Conference+on+Powertrain%2C+Fuels+%26+Lubricants&rft.atitle=On-road+and+In-Laboratory+Testing+to+Demonstrate+Effects+of+ULSD+%2C+B20+and+B99+on+a+Retrofit+Urea-SCR+Aftertreatment+System&rft.au=Walkowicz%2C+Kevin%3BSahay%2C+Keshav%3BRobertson%2C+William%3BBogdanoff%2C+Michael%3BWeaver%2C+Christopher%3BNa%2C+Kwangsam&rft.aulast=Walkowicz&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2009-11-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+Conference+on+Powertrain%2C+Fuels+%26+Lubricants&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sae.org/events/pfs/brochure.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of Unburned Methyl Esters on the NOx Conversion of Fe-Zeolite SCR Catalyst T2 - 2009 Conference on Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants AN - 42031028; 5492520 JF - 2009 Conference on Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants AU - Williams, Aaron AU - Ratcliff, Matthew AU - Ura, Justin AU - McCormick, Robert AU - Cavataio, Giovanni Y1 - 2009/11/02/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Nov 02 KW - Catalysts KW - Esters KW - Nitrogen compounds KW - Oxides KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42031028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+Conference+on+Powertrain%2C+Fuels+%26+Lubricants&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Unburned+Methyl+Esters+on+the+NOx+Conversion+of+Fe-Zeolite+SCR+Catalyst&rft.au=Williams%2C+Aaron%3BRatcliff%2C+Matthew%3BUra%2C+Justin%3BMcCormick%2C+Robert%3BCavataio%2C+Giovanni&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.date=2009-11-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+Conference+on+Powertrain%2C+Fuels+%26+Lubricants&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sae.org/events/pfs/brochure.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of Mid-Level Ethanol Blends on Conventional Vehicle Emissions T2 - 2009 Conference on Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants AN - 42017966; 5492499 JF - 2009 Conference on Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants AU - Knoll, Keith AU - West, Brian AU - Huff, Shean AU - Thomas, John AU - Orban, John AU - Cooper, Cynthia Y1 - 2009/11/02/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Nov 02 KW - Ethanol KW - Emissions KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42017966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+Conference+on+Powertrain%2C+Fuels+%26+Lubricants&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Mid-Level+Ethanol+Blends+on+Conventional+Vehicle+Emissions&rft.au=Knoll%2C+Keith%3BWest%2C+Brian%3BHuff%2C+Shean%3BThomas%2C+John%3BOrban%2C+John%3BCooper%2C+Cynthia&rft.aulast=Knoll&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=2009-11-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+Conference+on+Powertrain%2C+Fuels+%26+Lubricants&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sae.org/events/pfs/brochure.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Emissions of Transport Refrigeration Units with CARB Diesel, Gas-to-Liquid Diesel and Emissions Control Devices T2 - 2009 Conference on Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants AN - 42017553; 5492498 JF - 2009 Conference on Powertrain, Fuels & Lubricants AU - Barnitt, Robb AU - Chernich, Donald AU - Burnitzki, Mark AU - Oshinuga, Adewale AU - Miyasato, Matt AU - Lucht, Erich AU - van der Merwe, Douw AU - Schaberg, Paul Y1 - 2009/11/02/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Nov 02 KW - Emission control KW - Emissions KW - Diesel KW - Refrigeration KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42017553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+Conference+on+Powertrain%2C+Fuels+%26+Lubricants&rft.atitle=Emissions+of+Transport+Refrigeration+Units+with+CARB+Diesel%2C+Gas-to-Liquid+Diesel+and+Emissions+Control+Devices&rft.au=Barnitt%2C+Robb%3BChernich%2C+Donald%3BBurnitzki%2C+Mark%3BOshinuga%2C+Adewale%3BMiyasato%2C+Matt%3BLucht%2C+Erich%3Bvan+der+Merwe%2C+Douw%3BSchaberg%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Barnitt&rft.aufirst=Robb&rft.date=2009-11-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+Conference+on+Powertrain%2C+Fuels+%26+Lubricants&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sae.org/events/pfs/brochure.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of Gas Flow Rate on the Formation of ZnO Nanorods and their Effect on Photoelectrochemical Response T2 - 2009 Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exposition (MS&T 2009) AN - 42576066; 5481397 JF - 2009 Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exposition (MS&T 2009) AU - Shet, Sudhakar AU - Ahn, Kwang-Soon AU - Ravindra, Nuggehalli AU - Yan, Yanfa AU - Deutsch, Todd AU - Turner, John AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak Y1 - 2009/10/25/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 25 KW - Zinc KW - Flow rates KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42576066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+Materials+Science+and+Technology+Conference+and+Exposition+%28MS%26T+2009%29&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Gas+Flow+Rate+on+the+Formation+of+ZnO+Nanorods+and+their+Effect+on+Photoelectrochemical+Response&rft.au=Shet%2C+Sudhakar%3BAhn%2C+Kwang-Soon%3BRavindra%2C+Nuggehalli%3BYan%2C+Yanfa%3BDeutsch%2C+Todd%3BTurner%2C+John%3BAl-Jassim%2C+Mowafak&rft.aulast=Shet&rft.aufirst=Sudhakar&rft.date=2009-10-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+Materials+Science+and+Technology+Conference+and+Exposition+%28MS%26T+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.programmaster.org/PM/PM.nsf/SessionSheetView?OpenForm&Paren tUNID=460830349F34625F8525746B006198F0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bandgap-Reduced p-Type ZnO Films by Co-Doping of Cu and Ga for Improving Photoelectrochemical Response T2 - 2009 Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exposition (MS&T 2009) AN - 42573005; 5480408 JF - 2009 Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exposition (MS&T 2009) AU - Shet, Sudhakar AU - Ahn, Kwang-Soon AU - Ravindra, Nuggehalli AU - Yan, Yanfa AU - Deutsch, Todd AU - Turner, John AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak Y1 - 2009/10/25/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 25 KW - Zinc KW - Films KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42573005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+Materials+Science+and+Technology+Conference+and+Exposition+%28MS%26T+2009%29&rft.atitle=Bandgap-Reduced+p-Type+ZnO+Films+by+Co-Doping+of+Cu+and+Ga+for+Improving+Photoelectrochemical+Response&rft.au=Shet%2C+Sudhakar%3BAhn%2C+Kwang-Soon%3BRavindra%2C+Nuggehalli%3BYan%2C+Yanfa%3BDeutsch%2C+Todd%3BTurner%2C+John%3BAl-Jassim%2C+Mowafak&rft.aulast=Shet&rft.aufirst=Sudhakar&rft.date=2009-10-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+Materials+Science+and+Technology+Conference+and+Exposition+%28MS%26T+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.programmaster.org/PM/PM.nsf/SessionSheetView?OpenForm&Paren tUNID=460830349F34625F8525746B006198F0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Enhanced Crystallinity and Photoelectrochemical Response of the (Ga, N) and (Al, N) Co-Doped ZnO Films T2 - 2009 Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exposition (MS&T 2009) AN - 42569167; 5480430 JF - 2009 Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exposition (MS&T 2009) AU - Shet, Sudhakar AU - Ahn, Kwang-Soon AU - Ravindra, Nuggehalli AU - Yan, Yanfa AU - Deutsch, Todd AU - Turner, John AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak Y1 - 2009/10/25/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 25 KW - Zinc KW - Films KW - Crystallinity KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42569167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+Materials+Science+and+Technology+Conference+and+Exposition+%28MS%26T+2009%29&rft.atitle=Enhanced+Crystallinity+and+Photoelectrochemical+Response+of+the+%28Ga%2C+N%29+and+%28Al%2C+N%29+Co-Doped+ZnO+Films&rft.au=Shet%2C+Sudhakar%3BAhn%2C+Kwang-Soon%3BRavindra%2C+Nuggehalli%3BYan%2C+Yanfa%3BDeutsch%2C+Todd%3BTurner%2C+John%3BAl-Jassim%2C+Mowafak&rft.aulast=Shet&rft.aufirst=Sudhakar&rft.date=2009-10-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+Materials+Science+and+Technology+Conference+and+Exposition+%28MS%26T+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.programmaster.org/PM/PM.nsf/SessionSheetView?OpenForm&Paren tUNID=460830349F34625F8525746B006198F0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Battery Projects and Developments in Government Laboratories T2 - 2009 Conference on Battery Power AN - 42424606; 5401879 JF - 2009 Conference on Battery Power AU - Pesaran, Ahmad AU - Andrews, George AU - Gering, Kevin Y1 - 2009/10/20/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 20 KW - Batteries KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42424606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+Conference+on+Battery+Power&rft.atitle=Battery+Projects+and+Developments+in+Government+Laboratories&rft.au=Pesaran%2C+Ahmad%3BAndrews%2C+George%3BGering%2C+Kevin&rft.aulast=Pesaran&rft.aufirst=Ahmad&rft.date=2009-10-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+Conference+on+Battery+Power&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.batterypoweronline.com/bppt-conf09/bp09_program.php LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current technologies for analysis of biomass thermochemical processing: A review AN - 21282802; 11353356 AB - Pyrolysis and gasification are two of the more promising utilization methods for the conversion of biomass toward a clean fuel source. To truly understand and model these processes requires detailed knowledge ranging from structural information of raw biomass, elemental composition, gas-phase reaction kinetics and mechanisms, and product distributions (both desired and undesired). The various analytical methods of biomass pyrolysis/gasification processing are discussed, including reactor types, analytical tools, and recent examples in the areas of (a) compositional analysis, (b) structural analysis, (c) reaction mechanisms, and (d) kinetic studies on biomass thermochemical processing. JF - Analytica Chimica Acta AU - Bahng, Mi-Kyung AU - Mukarakate, Calvin AU - Robichaud, David J AU - Nimlos, Mark R AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, Golden, CO 80401, United States, mi-kyung.bahng@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/10/05/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 05 SP - 117 EP - 138 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 651 IS - 2 SN - 0003-2670, 0003-2670 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Biomass KW - Thermochemical conversion KW - Pyrolysis KW - Gasification KW - Analytical technique KW - Biofuel KW - Chemical composition KW - Kinetics KW - Reviews KW - Fuels KW - Structural analysis KW - gasification KW - Technology KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21282802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Current+technologies+for+analysis+of+biomass+thermochemical+processing%3A+A+review&rft.au=Bahng%2C+Mi-Kyung%3BMukarakate%2C+Calvin%3BRobichaud%2C+David+J%3BNimlos%2C+Mark+R&rft.aulast=Bahng&rft.aufirst=Mi-Kyung&rft.date=2009-10-05&rft.volume=651&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.issn=00032670&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aca.2009.08.016 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pyrolysis; Chemical composition; Fuels; Reviews; Kinetics; Structural analysis; Biomass; gasification; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.08.016 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Co-deposition of Composite Lithium Nickel Tungsten Oxide Films for Electrochromic Applications T2 - 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (216th ECS) AN - 42072775; 5498780 JF - 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (216th ECS) AU - Gillaspie, D AU - White, C AU - Pankow, J AU - Lee, S AU - Dillon, A Y1 - 2009/10/04/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 04 KW - Lithium KW - Tungsten KW - Composite materials KW - Nickel KW - Films KW - Tungsten oxide KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42072775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=216th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28216th+ECS%29&rft.atitle=Co-deposition+of+Composite+Lithium+Nickel+Tungsten+Oxide+Films+for+Electrochromic+Applications&rft.au=Gillaspie%2C+D%3BWhite%2C+C%3BPankow%2C+J%3BLee%2C+S%3BDillon%2C+A&rft.aulast=Gillaspie&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2009-10-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=216th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28216th+ECS%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/216/assets/216_mtg_progra m.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ultrasonic Spray Deposition of Electrochromic Materials T2 - 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (216th ECS) AN - 42056432; 5498786 JF - 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (216th ECS) AU - Tenent, R AU - Gillaspie, D AU - Dillon, A Y1 - 2009/10/04/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 04 KW - Ultrasonics KW - Sprays KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42056432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=216th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28216th+ECS%29&rft.atitle=Ultrasonic+Spray+Deposition+of+Electrochromic+Materials&rft.au=Tenent%2C+R%3BGillaspie%2C+D%3BDillon%2C+A&rft.aulast=Tenent&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2009-10-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=216th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28216th+ECS%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/216/assets/216_mtg_progra m.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of Flexible Electrochromic Devices Based on Crystalline WO3 Nanostructures Produced with Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition T2 - 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (216th ECS) AN - 42036385; 5498788 JF - 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (216th ECS) AU - Whitney, E AU - White, C AU - Gillaspie, D AU - Lee, S AU - Dillon, A Y1 - 2009/10/04/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 04 KW - Vapors KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42036385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=216th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28216th+ECS%29&rft.atitle=Development+of+Flexible+Electrochromic+Devices+Based+on+Crystalline+WO3+Nanostructures+Produced+with+Hot-Wire+Chemical+Vapor+Deposition&rft.au=Whitney%2C+E%3BWhite%2C+C%3BGillaspie%2C+D%3BLee%2C+S%3BDillon%2C+A&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2009-10-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=216th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28216th+ECS%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/216/assets/216_mtg_progra m.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Formation of Screen-Printed Contacts on Si Solar Cells T2 - 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (216th ECS) AN - 42031059; 5496731 JF - 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (216th ECS) AU - Sopori, B AU - Mehta, V Y1 - 2009/10/04/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 04 KW - Solar cells KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42031059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=216th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28216th+ECS%29&rft.atitle=Formation+of+Screen-Printed+Contacts+on+Si+Solar+Cells&rft.au=Sopori%2C+B%3BMehta%2C+V&rft.aulast=Sopori&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2009-10-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=216th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28216th+ECS%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/216/assets/216_mtg_progra m.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Photoelectrochemistry of Hematite Thin Films T2 - 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (216th ECS) AN - 42028339; 5499301 JF - 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (216th ECS) AU - Wang, H AU - Turner, J Y1 - 2009/10/04/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 04 KW - Films KW - Hematite KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42028339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=216th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28216th+ECS%29&rft.atitle=Photoelectrochemistry+of+Hematite+Thin+Films&rft.au=Wang%2C+H%3BTurner%2C+J&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2009-10-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=216th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28216th+ECS%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/216/assets/216_mtg_progra m.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Surface Modified Stainless Steels for PEM Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates T2 - 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (216th ECS) AN - 42026316; 5499270 JF - 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (216th ECS) AU - Wang, H AU - Turner, J AU - Brady, M Y1 - 2009/10/04/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 04 KW - Fuel technology KW - Steel KW - Fuel cells KW - Stainless steel KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42026316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=216th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28216th+ECS%29&rft.atitle=Surface+Modified+Stainless+Steels+for+PEM+Fuel+Cell+Bipolar+Plates&rft.au=Wang%2C+H%3BTurner%2C+J%3BBrady%2C+M&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2009-10-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=216th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28216th+ECS%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/216/assets/216_mtg_progra m.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particle concentration and yield stress of biomass slurries during enzymatic hydrolysis at high-solids loadings AN - 21077136; 11136282 AB - Effective and efficient breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass remains a primary barrier for its use as a feedstock for renewable transportation fuels. A more detailed understanding of the material properties of biomass slurries during conversion is needed to design cost-effective conversion processes. A series of enzymatic saccharification experiments were performed with dilute acid pretreated corn stover at initial insoluble solids loadings of 20% by mass, during which the concentration of particulate solids and the rheological property yield stress (y) of the slurries were measured. The saccharified stover liquefies to the point of being pourable (y 10 Pa) at a total biomass conversion of about 40%, after roughly 2 days of saccharification for a moderate loading of enzyme. Mass balance and semi-empirical relationships are developed to connect the progress of enzymatic hydrolysis with particle concentration and yield stress. The experimental data show good agreement with the proposed relationships. The predictive models developed here are based on established physical principles and should be applicable to the saccharification of other biomass systems. The concepts presented, especially the ability to predict yield stress from extent of conversion, will be helpful in the design and optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis processes that operate at high-solids loadings. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 290-300. JF - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AU - Roche, Christine M AU - Dibble, Clare J AU - Knutsen, Jeffrey S AU - Stickel, Jonathan J AU - Liberatore, Matthew W AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, jonathan.stickel@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/10/01/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 01 SP - 290 EP - 300 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 104 IS - 2 SN - 0006-3592, 0006-3592 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuels KW - Yield KW - Transportation KW - Slurries KW - Corn KW - Data processing KW - Stress KW - Enzymes KW - Solids KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - Biotechnology KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0540:Properties of water KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21077136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.atitle=Particle+concentration+and+yield+stress+of+biomass+slurries+during+enzymatic+hydrolysis+at+high-solids+loadings&rft.au=Roche%2C+Christine+M%3BDibble%2C+Clare+J%3BKnutsen%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BStickel%2C+Jonathan+J%3BLiberatore%2C+Matthew+W&rft.aulast=Roche&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.issn=00063592&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbit.22381 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Fuels; Slurries; Enzymes; Stress; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Yield; Transportation; Corn; Solids; Biotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.22381 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of VAR Control and Voltage Regulation Functionalities in a Single-Phase Utility-Connected Inverter for Distributed Energy Applications T2 - 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition AN - 42389388; 5385311 JF - 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition AU - Chakraborty, Sudipta AU - Kroposki, Benjamin AU - Kramer, William Y1 - 2009/09/20/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Sep 20 KW - Energy KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42389388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+IEEE+Energy+Conversion+Congress+and+Exposition&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+VAR+Control+and+Voltage+Regulation+Functionalities+in+a+Single-Phase+Utility-Connected+Inverter+for+Distributed+Energy+Applications&rft.au=Chakraborty%2C+Sudipta%3BKroposki%2C+Benjamin%3BKramer%2C+William&rft.aulast=Chakraborty&rft.aufirst=Sudipta&rft.date=2009-09-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+IEEE+Energy+Conversion+Congress+and+Exposition&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ecce2009.org/TechnicalProgram.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Benchmarking Sustainability for Lignocellulosic Conversion T2 - First International Congress on Sustainability Science and Engineering: (ICOSSE 2009) AN - 40413097; 5299435 JF - First International Congress on Sustainability Science and Engineering: (ICOSSE 2009) AU - Inman, Daniel AU - Aden, Andy AU - Davis, Ryan AU - Chum, Helena AU - Hsu, David AU - Heath, Garvin AU - Mann, Margaret AU - Foust, Thomas Y1 - 2009/08/09/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 09 KW - Sustainability KW - Resource management KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40413097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=First+International+Congress+on+Sustainability+Science+and+Engineering%3A+%28ICOSSE+2009%29&rft.atitle=Benchmarking+Sustainability+for+Lignocellulosic+Conversion&rft.au=Inman%2C+Daniel%3BAden%2C+Andy%3BDavis%2C+Ryan%3BChum%2C+Helena%3BHsu%2C+David%3BHeath%2C+Garvin%3BMann%2C+Margaret%3BFoust%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Inman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2009-08-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=First+International+Congress+on+Sustainability+Science+and+Engineering%3A+%28ICOSSE+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aiche.confex.com/aiche/icosse09/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ethanol Industry in the United States and in Brazil: Sustainability Considerations T2 - First International Congress on Sustainability Science and Engineering: (ICOSSE 2009) AN - 40407383; 5299405 JF - First International Congress on Sustainability Science and Engineering: (ICOSSE 2009) AU - Chum, Helena AU - Seabra, Joaquim AU - Hill, Jason AU - Tiffany, Douglas AU - Macedo, Isaias Y1 - 2009/08/09/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 09 KW - USA KW - Ethanol KW - Sustainability KW - Resource management KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40407383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=First+International+Congress+on+Sustainability+Science+and+Engineering%3A+%28ICOSSE+2009%29&rft.atitle=Ethanol+Industry+in+the+United+States+and+in+Brazil%3A+Sustainability+Considerations&rft.au=Chum%2C+Helena%3BSeabra%2C+Joaquim%3BHill%2C+Jason%3BTiffany%2C+Douglas%3BMacedo%2C+Isaias&rft.aulast=Chum&rft.aufirst=Helena&rft.date=2009-08-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=First+International+Congress+on+Sustainability+Science+and+Engineering%3A+%28ICOSSE+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aiche.confex.com/aiche/icosse09/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Photobiological Hydrogen Production in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 T2 - 13th International Symposium on Phototrophic Prokaryotes (ISPP 2009) AN - 40297924; 5246409 JF - 13th International Symposium on Phototrophic Prokaryotes (ISPP 2009) AU - Eckert, Carrie AU - Yu, Jianping AU - Maness, Pin-Ching Y1 - 2009/08/09/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 09 KW - Hydrogen KW - Phytoplankton KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Synechocystis KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40297924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=13th+International+Symposium+on+Phototrophic+Prokaryotes+%28ISPP+2009%29&rft.atitle=Photobiological+Hydrogen+Production+in+the+Cyanobacterium+Synechocystis+sp.+PCC6803&rft.au=Eckert%2C+Carrie%3BYu%2C+Jianping%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching&rft.aulast=Eckert&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.date=2009-08-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=13th+International+Symposium+on+Phototrophic+Prokaryotes+%28ISPP+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://iseventsolutions.com/ispp2009/index.php?option=com_content&view =article&id=24&Itemid=15 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Thermal Abuse Analysis of Batteries Incorporating Commercial 18650- Size Li- Ion Cells T2 - 7th Annual International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference AN - 40416765; 5301379 JF - 7th Annual International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference AU - Smith, K AU - Kim, G AU - Pesaran, A AU - Darcy, E Y1 - 2009/08/02/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Aug 02 KW - Batteries KW - Abuse KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40416765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=7th+Annual+International+Energy+Conversion+Engineering+Conference&rft.atitle=Thermal+Abuse+Analysis+of+Batteries+Incorporating+Commercial+18650-+Size+Li-+Ion+Cells&rft.au=Smith%2C+K%3BKim%2C+G%3BPesaran%2C+A%3BDarcy%2C+E&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2009-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=7th+Annual+International+Energy+Conversion+Engineering+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiaa.org/agenda.cfm?lumeetingid=1894&viewcon=agenda&pagevie w=2&programSeeview=1&dateget=All&formatview=1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of pretreatment and conditioning processes on toxicity of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates AN - 754888557; 13461039 AB - The Department of Energy's Office of the Biomass Program has set goals of making ethanol cost competitive by 2012 and replacing 30% of 2004 transportation supply with biofuels by 2030. Both goals require improvements in conversions of cellulosic biomass to sugars as well as improvements in fermentation rates and yields. Current best pretreatment processes are reasonably efficient at making the cellulose/hemicellulose/lignin matrix amenable to enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, but they release a number of toxic compounds into the hydrolysate which inhibit the growth and ethanol productivity of fermentation organisms. Conditioning methods designed to reduce the toxicity of hydrolysates are effective, but add to process costs and tend to reduce sugar yields, thus adding significantly to the final cost of production. Reducing the cost of cellulosic ethanol production will likely require enhanced understanding of the source and mode of action of hydrolysate toxic compounds, the means by which some organisms resist the actions of these compounds, and the methodology and mechanisms for conditioning hydrolysate to reduce toxicity. This review will provide an update on the state of knowledge in these areas and can provide insights useful for the crafting of hypotheses for improvements in pretreatment, conditioning, and fermentation organisms. JF - Cellulose AU - Pienkos, Philip T AU - Zhang, Min AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA, philip.pienkos@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 743 EP - 762 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0969-0239, 0969-0239 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Fermentation KW - Cellulose KW - Toxicity KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - hemicellulose KW - Energy KW - Lignin KW - Hydrolysates KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754888557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellulose&rft.atitle=Role+of+pretreatment+and+conditioning+processes+on+toxicity+of+lignocellulosic+biomass+hydrolysates&rft.au=Pienkos%2C+Philip+T%3BZhang%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Pienkos&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=743&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellulose&rft.issn=09690239&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10570-009-9309-x L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/l22210u743302514/?p=a89aa90e47b04d5b8f0fcc347718d356&pi=17 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Fermentation; Energy; Lignin; Cellulose; Toxicity; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Biofuels; Hydrolysates; hemicellulose; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-009-9309-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technoeconomic analysis of the dilute sulfuric acid and enzymatic hydrolysis process for the conversion of corn stover to ethanol AN - 754888473; 13461023 AB - Technoeconomic analysis has been used to guide the research and development of lignocellulosic biofuels production processes for over two decades. Such analysis has served to identify the key technical barriers for these conversion processes so that research can be targeted most effectively on the pertinent challenges. The tools and methodology used to develop conceptual conversion processes and analyze their economics are presented here. In addition, the current process design and economic results are described for dilute acid pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Modeled ethanol costs of $1.33/gallon (in consistent year 2007 dollars) are being targeted for this commercial scale corn stover conversion process in 2012. State of technology models, which take actual research results and project them to commercial scale, estimate an ethanol cost of $2.43/gallon at present. In order to further reduce costs, process improvements must be made in several areas, including pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. As the biomass industry develops, new fuels and new feedstocks are being researched. Technoeconomic analysis will play a key role in process development and targeting of technical and economic barriers for these new fuels and feedstocks. JF - Cellulose AU - Aden, Andy AU - Foust, Thomas AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA, andy_aden@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 535 EP - 545 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0969-0239, 0969-0239 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Musts KW - Fermentation KW - Fuels KW - Economics KW - Cellulose KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754888473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellulose&rft.atitle=Technoeconomic+analysis+of+the+dilute+sulfuric+acid+and+enzymatic+hydrolysis+process+for+the+conversion+of+corn+stover+to+ethanol&rft.au=Aden%2C+Andy%3BFoust%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Aden&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellulose&rft.issn=09690239&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10570-009-9327-8 L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/27883237p3v5pg97/?p=ae04cf4b7af1467180d120fbd26c187a&pi=1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Musts; Fermentation; Fuels; Cellulose; Economics; Sulfuric acid; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Biofuels; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-009-9327-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utilization and transport of l-arabinose by non-Saccharomyces yeasts AN - 754888093; 13461038 AB - l-Arabinose is one of the sugars found in hemicellulose, a major component of plant cell walls. The ability to convert l-arabinose to ethanol would improve the economics of biomass to ethanol fermentations. One of the limitations for l-arabinose fermentation in the current engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains is poor transport of the sugar. To better understand l-arabinose transport and use in yeasts and to identify a source for efficient l-arabinose transporters, 165 non-Saccharomyces yeast strains were studied. These yeast strains were arranged into six groups based on the minimum time required to utilize 20 g/L of l-arabinose. Initial transport rates of l-arabinose were determined for several species and a more comprehensive transport study was done in four selected species. Detailed transport kinetics in Arxula adeninivorans suggested both low and high affinity components while Debaryomyces hansenii var. fabryii, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Pichia guilliermondii possessed a single component, high affinity active transport systems. JF - Cellulose AU - Knoshaug, Eric P AU - Franden, Mary Ann AU - Stambuk, Boris U AU - Zhang, Min AU - Singh, Arjun AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA, eric_knoshaug@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 729 EP - 741 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0969-0239, 0969-0239 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - L-Arabinose KW - Sugar KW - Fermentation KW - Debaryomyces hansenii KW - Pichia guilliermondii KW - Cellulose KW - Biomass KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - hemicellulose KW - Arxula adeninivorans KW - Kluyveromyces marxianus KW - Plant cells KW - Kinetics KW - Economics KW - Active transport KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754888093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellulose&rft.atitle=Utilization+and+transport+of+l-arabinose+by+non-Saccharomyces+yeasts&rft.au=Knoshaug%2C+Eric+P%3BFranden%2C+Mary+Ann%3BStambuk%2C+Boris+U%3BZhang%2C+Min%3BSingh%2C+Arjun&rft.aulast=Knoshaug&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellulose&rft.issn=09690239&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10570-009-9319-8 L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/1531kn5005081765/?p=a89aa90e47b04d5b8f0fcc347718d356&pi=16 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; L-Arabinose; Plant cells; Fermentation; Kinetics; Cellulose; Economics; Active transport; Biomass; hemicellulose; Ethanol; Kluyveromyces marxianus; Arxula adeninivorans; Pichia guilliermondii; Debaryomyces hansenii; Saccharomyces cerevisiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-009-9319-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The promise and challenges of microalgal-derived biofuels AN - 20828794; 10977973 AB - Microalgae offer great promise to contribute a significant portion of the renewable fuels that will be required by the Renewable Fuels Standard described in the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act of the United States. Algal biofuels would be based mainly on the high lipid content of the algal cell and thus would be an ideal feedstock for high energy density transportation fuels, such as biodiesel as well as green diesel, green jet fuel and green gasoline. A comprehensive research and development program for the development of algal biofuels was initiated by the US Department of Energy (DoE) more than 30 years ago, and although great progress was made, the program was discontinued in 1996, because of decreasing federal budgets and low petroleum costs. Interest in algal biofuels has been growing recently due to increased concern over peak oil, energy security, greenhouse gas emissions, and the potential for other biofuel feedstocks to compete for limited agricultural resources. The high productivity of algae suggests that much of the US transportation fuel needs can be met by algal biofuels at a production cost competitive with the cost of petroleum seen during the early part of 2008. Development of algal biomass production technology, however, remains in its infancy. This perspective provides a brief overview of past algal research sponsored by the DoE, the potential of microalgal biofuels and a discussion of the technical and economic barriers that need to be overcome before production of microalgal-derived diesel-fuel substitutes can become a large-scale commercial reality. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Pienkos, Philip T AU - Darzins, Al AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Colorado, USA, al_darzins@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 431 EP - 440 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA, [mailto:info@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Brand/id-35.html] VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Gasoline KW - Lipids KW - Fuels KW - Refining KW - security KW - Oil KW - agricultural resources KW - Transportation KW - Petroleum KW - Economics KW - Emissions KW - budgets KW - Algae KW - biofuels KW - Biomass KW - Greenhouses KW - USA KW - Renewable energy KW - Reviews KW - Energy KW - Diesel KW - production costs KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Research programs KW - Biofuels KW - Technology KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - K 03330:Biochemistry KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20828794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=The+promise+and+challenges+of+microalgal-derived+biofuels&rft.au=Pienkos%2C+Philip+T%3BDarzins%2C+Al&rft.aulast=Pienkos&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.159 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gasoline; Fuels; Lipids; Refining; Biomass; Greenhouses; Oil; Energy; Petroleum; Reviews; Economics; Diesel; Biofuels; Algae; Fuel technology; biofuels; security; agricultural resources; Transportation; Renewable energy; Emissions; production costs; Greenhouse gases; budgets; Research programs; Technology; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.159 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Algal biofuels: What is the real potential? AN - 20822633; 10977272 AB - Algae are gaining increasing interest as a feedstock for sustainable biofuels production - but what are the real promises and challenges for production at commercial scale? BioFPR Managing Editor Mara Staffilani interviews Al Darzins, Group Manager and Principal Researcher at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in the USA,and Raffaello Garofalo, Secretary General of the European Biodiesel Board (EBB). To listen to the full interview please go to: http://www.biofpr.com/podcasts. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Darzins, Al AU - Garofalo, Raffaello AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, al.darzins@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 426 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA, [mailto:info@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Brand/id-35.html] VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Renewable energy KW - Energy KW - biofuels KW - Sustainable development KW - Diesel KW - Refining KW - Biofuels KW - Algae KW - K 03330:Biochemistry KW - Q4 27750:Environmental KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20822633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Algal+biofuels%3A+What+is+the+real+potential%3F&rft.au=Darzins%2C+Al%3BGarofalo%2C+Raffaello&rft.aulast=Darzins&rft.aufirst=Al&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.167 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy; Refining; Diesel; Biofuels; Algae; Fuel technology; Renewable energy; biofuels; Sustainable development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.167 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The value of compressed air energy storage with wind in transmission-constrained electric power systems AN - 20752680; 10138050 AB - In this work, we examine the potential advantages of co-locating wind and energy storage to increase transmission utilization and decrease transmission costs. Co-location of wind and storage decreases transmission requirements, but also decreases the economic value of energy storage compared to locating energy storage at the load. This represents a tradeoff which we examine to estimate the transmission costs required to justify moving storage from load-sited to wind-sited in three different locations in the United States. We examined compressed air energy storage (CAES) in three "wind by wire" scenarios with a variety of transmission and CAES sizes relative to a given amount of wind. In the sites and years evaluated, the optimal amount of transmission ranges from 60% to 100% of the wind farm rating, with the optimal amount of CAES equal to 0-35% of the wind farm rating, depending heavily on wind resource, value of electricity in the local market, and the cost of natural gas. JF - Energy Policy AU - Denholm, Paul AU - Sioshansi, Ramteen AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA, Paul_denholm@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/08// PY - 2009 DA - Aug 2009 SP - 3149 EP - 3158 PB - Elsevier Science, Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 37 IS - 8 SN - 0301-4215, 0301-4215 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Electric power KW - Natural gas KW - Storage KW - USA KW - Wind energy KW - energy policy KW - Electric power generation KW - Economics KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20752680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Policy&rft.atitle=The+value+of+compressed+air+energy+storage+with+wind+in+transmission-constrained+electric+power+systems&rft.au=Denholm%2C+Paul%3BSioshansi%2C+Ramteen&rft.aulast=Denholm&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2009-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Policy&rft.issn=03014215&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enpol.2009.04.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Electric power; Wind energy; energy policy; Electric power generation; Economics; Natural gas; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.04.002 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Understanding the Interaction Between Microbe, Enzyme and Biomass by Advanced Imaging T2 - Sixth Annual World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology and Bioprocessing AN - 40364841; 5279432 JF - Sixth Annual World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology and Bioprocessing AU - Ding, Shi-You Y1 - 2009/07/19/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 19 KW - Biomass KW - Enzymes KW - Imaging techniques KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40364841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Sixth+Annual+World+Congress+on+Industrial+Biotechnology+and+Bioprocessing&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+Interaction+Between+Microbe%2C+Enzyme+and+Biomass+by+Advanced+Imaging&rft.au=Ding%2C+Shi-You&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=Shi-You&rft.date=2009-07-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sixth+Annual+World+Congress+on+Industrial+Biotechnology+and+Bioprocessing&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.bio.org/worldcongress/applications/breakout/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Parallel Computing and Model Representation for Metabolic Simulation: Issues for in Silico Whole Cell Models T2 - 2009 Annual Meeting of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics AN - 40249286; 5214995 JF - 2009 Annual Meeting of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics AU - Chang, Christopher Y1 - 2009/07/06/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 06 KW - Simulation KW - Cell culture KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40249286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+for+Industrial+and+Applied+Mathematics&rft.atitle=Parallel+Computing+and+Model+Representation+for+Metabolic+Simulation%3A+Issues+for+in+Silico+Whole+Cell+Models&rft.au=Chang%2C+Christopher&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2009-07-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+for+Industrial+and+Applied+Mathematics&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://meetings.siam.org/program.cfm?CONFCODE=AN09 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - High Performance Systems Biology Tools T2 - 2009 Annual Meeting of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics AN - 40248040; 5214996 JF - 2009 Annual Meeting of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics AU - Graf, Peter Y1 - 2009/07/06/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 06 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40248040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+for+Industrial+and+Applied+Mathematics&rft.atitle=High+Performance+Systems+Biology+Tools&rft.au=Graf%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Graf&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2009-07-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+for+Industrial+and+Applied+Mathematics&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://meetings.siam.org/program.cfm?CONFCODE=AN09 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of offshore floating wind turbines-model development and verification AN - 1017974401; 16702910 AB - The vast deepwater wind resource represents a potential to use offshore floating wind turbines to power much of the world with renewable energy. Many floating wind turbine concepts have been proposed, but dynamics models, which account for the wind inflow, aerodynamics, elasticity and controls of the wind turbine, along with the incident waves, sea current, hydrodynamics, and platform and mooring dynamics of the floater, were needed to determine their technical and economic feasibility. This work presents the development of a comprehensive simulation tool for modelling the coupled dynamic response of offshore floating wind turbines and the verification of the simulation tool through model-to-model comparisons. The fully coupled time-domain aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulation tool was developed with enough sophistication to address limitations of previous studies and has features required to perform loads analyses for a variety of rotor-nacelle assembly, tower, support platform and mooring system configurations. The developed hydrodynamics module accounts for linear hydrostatic restoring; non-linear viscous drag; the added-mass and damping contributions from linear wave radiation, including free-surface memory effects; and the incident-wave excitation from linear diffraction in regular or irregular seas. The developed mooring line module is quasi-static and accounts for the elastic stretching of an array of homogenous taut or slack catenary lines with seabed interaction. The hydrodynamics module, the moorings module, and the overall simulation tool were tested by comparing to results of other models, including frequency-domain models. The favourable results of all the verification exercises provided confidence to perform more thorough analyses. JF - Wind Energy AU - Jonkman, Jason M Y1 - 2009/07// PY - 2009 DA - Jul 2009 SP - 459 EP - 492 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 1099-1824, 1099-1824 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Currents KW - Economics KW - Feasibility studies KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Hydrostatics KW - Renewable energy KW - Simulation KW - Wind energy KW - inflow KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017974401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+offshore+floating+wind+turbines-model+development+and+verification&rft.au=Jonkman%2C+Jason+M&rft.aulast=Jonkman&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.date=2009-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10991824&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.347 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/we.347/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feasibility studies; Currents; Wind energy; Hydrodynamics; Renewable energy; Economics; inflow; Hydrostatics; Simulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.347 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perspectives and new directions for the production of bioethanol using consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulose AN - 20761875; 10259182 AB - The U.S. DOE Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) mandated attainment of a national production level of 36 billion gallons of biofuels (to be added to gasoline) by 2022, of which 21 billion gallons must be derived from renewable/sustainable feedstocks (e.g. lignocellulose). In order to attain these goals, the development of cost effective process technologies that can convert plant biomass to fermentable sugars must occur. An alternative route to production of bioethanol is the utilization of microorganisms that can both convert biomass to fermentable sugars and ferment the resultant sugars to ethanol in a process known as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). Although various economic benefits and technology hurdles must be weighed in the course of choosing the CBP strategy to be pursued, we present arguments for developing the powerfully cellulolytic fungus, Trichoderma reesei, as an effective CBP microorganism. JF - Current Opinion in Biotechnology AU - Xu, Qi AU - Singh, Arjun AU - Himmel, Michael E AD - Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA, Mike.Himmel@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/06// PY - 2009 DA - Jun 2009 SP - 364 EP - 371 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Gasoline KW - Cellulolytic microorganisms KW - Biomass KW - lignocellulose KW - Reviews KW - Energy KW - Economics KW - Microorganisms KW - Hypocrea jecorina KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - W 30910:Imaging KW - A 01320:Microbial Degradation KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20761875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Perspectives+and+new+directions+for+the+production+of+bioethanol+using+consolidated+bioprocessing+of+lignocellulose&rft.au=Xu%2C+Qi%3BSingh%2C+Arjun%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Qi&rft.date=2009-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.copbio.2009.05.006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lignocellulose; Sugar; Gasoline; Energy; Reviews; Economics; Microorganisms; Cellulolytic microorganisms; Biomass; Biofuels; Ethanol; Hypocrea jecorina DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2009.05.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural paradigms of plant cell wall degradation AN - 20695519; 10259178 AB - Natural processes of recycling carbon from plant cell walls are slow but very efficient, generally involving microbial communities and their secreted enzymes. Efficient combinations of microbial communities and enzymes act in a sequential and synergistic manner to degrade plant cell walls. Recent understanding of plant cell wall ultra-structure, as well as the carbon metabolism, ATP production, and ecology of participating microbial communities, and the biochemical properties of their cellulolytic enzymes have led to new perspectives on saccharification of biomass. Microbial communities are dynamic functions of the chemical and structural compositions of plant cell wall components. The primitive 'multicellularity' exhibited by certain cellulolytic microorganisms may play a role in facilitating cell-cell communication and cell-plant cell wall-substrate interaction. JF - Current Opinion in Biotechnology AU - Wei, Hui AU - Xu, Qi AU - Taylor, Larry E AU - Baker, John O AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Ding, Shi-You AD - Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA, Shi.you.Ding@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/06// PY - 2009 DA - Jun 2009 SP - 330 EP - 338 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cellulolytic enzymes KW - Biodegradation KW - Cellulolytic microorganisms KW - Enzymes KW - ATP KW - Recycling KW - Biomass KW - Carbon KW - Plant cells KW - Reviews KW - Intercellular signalling KW - Metabolism KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20695519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Natural+paradigms+of+plant+cell+wall+degradation&rft.au=Wei%2C+Hui%3BXu%2C+Qi%3BTaylor%2C+Larry+E%3BBaker%2C+John+O%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BDing%2C+Shi-You&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=Hui&rft.date=2009-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.copbio.2009.05.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cellulolytic enzymes; Biodegradation; Carbon; Plant cells; Reviews; Cellulolytic microorganisms; ATP; Enzymes; Biomass; Recycling; Intercellular signalling; Metabolism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2009.05.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detecting cellulase penetration into corn stover cell walls by immuno-electron microscopy AN - 20116339; 10248254 AB - In general, pretreatments are designed to enhance the accessibility of cellulose to enzymes, allowing for more efficient conversion. In this study, we have detected the penetration of major cellulases present in a commercial enzyme preparation (Spezyme CP) into corn stem cell walls following mild-, moderate- and high-severity dilute sulfuric acid pretreatments. The Trichoderma reesei enzymes, Cel7A (CBH I) and Cel7B (EG I), as well as the cell wall matrix components xylan and lignin were visualized within digested corn stover cell walls by immuno transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using enzyme- and polymer-specific antibodies. Low severity dilute-acid pretreatment (20 min at 100°C) enabled <1% of the thickness of secondary cell walls to be penetrated by enzyme, moderate severity pretreatment at (20 min at 120°C) allowed the enzymes to penetrate 20% of the cell wall, and the high severity (20 min pretreatment at 150°C) allowed 100% penetration of even the thickest cell walls. These data allow direct visualization of the dramatic effect dilute-acid pretreatment has on altering the condensed ultrastructure of biomass cell walls. Loosening of plant cell wall structure due to pretreatment and the subsequently improved access by cellulases has been hypothesized by the biomass conversion community for over two decades, and for the first time, this study provides direct visual evidence to verify this hypothesis. Further, the high-resolution enzyme penetration studies presented here provide insight into the mechanisms of cell wall deconstruction by cellulolytic enzymes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 103: 480-489. JF - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AU - Selig, Michael J AU - Viamajala, Sridhar AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Adney, William S AU - Himmel, Michael E AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemical and Biosciences Center, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401; , bryon_donohoe@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/06// PY - 2009 DA - Jun 2009 SP - 480 EP - 489 PB - John Wiley & Sons, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 103 IS - 3 SN - 0006-3592, 0006-3592 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cellulolytic enzymes KW - Data processing KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Cellulose KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Cellulase KW - Antibodies KW - Stem cells KW - Plant cells KW - Xylan KW - Lignin KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Hypocrea jecorina KW - Ultrastructure KW - Cell walls KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20116339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.atitle=Detecting+cellulase+penetration+into+corn+stover+cell+walls+by+immuno-electron+microscopy&rft.au=Donohoe%2C+Bryon+S%3BSelig%2C+Michael+J%3BViamajala%2C+Sridhar%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E&rft.aulast=Donohoe&rft.aufirst=Bryon&rft.date=2009-06-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=480&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.issn=00063592&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbit.22281 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cellulolytic enzymes; Data processing; Transmission electron microscopy; Cellulose; Enzymes; Biomass; Cellulase; Stem cells; Antibodies; Plant cells; Xylan; Lignin; Sulfuric acid; Ultrastructure; Cell walls; Hypocrea jecorina DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.22281 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Matrix optimization for the MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of biodiesel components T2 - 57th American Society for Mass Spectrometry Conference on Mass Spectrometry AN - 40365443; 5282633 JF - 57th American Society for Mass Spectrometry Conference on Mass Spectrometry AU - Mcalpin, Casey AU - Voorhees, Kent AU - McCormick, Robert AU - Alleman, Teresa Y1 - 2009/05/31/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 May 31 KW - Biofuels KW - Diesel KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40365443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=57th+American+Society+for+Mass+Spectrometry+Conference+on+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.atitle=Matrix+optimization+for+the+MALDI-TOF-MS+analysis+of+biodiesel+components&rft.au=Mcalpin%2C+Casey%3BVoorhees%2C+Kent%3BMcCormick%2C+Robert%3BAlleman%2C+Teresa&rft.aulast=Mcalpin&rft.aufirst=Casey&rft.date=2009-05-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=57th+American+Society+for+Mass+Spectrometry+Conference+on+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asms.org/Default.aspx?tabid=47 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - US fuel cell bus evaluation results T2 - Hydrogen + Fuel Cells 2009: International Conference and Trade Show (HFC 2009) AN - 40156563; 5167716 JF - Hydrogen + Fuel Cells 2009: International Conference and Trade Show (HFC 2009) AU - Eudy, Leslie Y1 - 2009/05/31/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 May 31 KW - Fuel technology KW - Fuel cells KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40156563?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Hydrogen+%2B+Fuel+Cells+2009%3A+International+Conference+and+Trade+Show+%28HFC+2009%29&rft.atitle=US+fuel+cell+bus+evaluation+results&rft.au=Eudy%2C+Leslie&rft.aulast=Eudy&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.date=2009-05-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrogen+%2B+Fuel+Cells+2009%3A+International+Conference+and+Trade+Show+%28HFC+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.hfc2009.com/files/HFC2009_Program.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental and Sustainability Factors Associated With Next-Generation Biofuels in the U.S.: What Do We Really Know? AN - 754543017; 13267567 AB - In this paper, we assess what is known or anticipated about environmental and sustainability factors associated with next-generation biofuels relative to the primary conventional biofuels (i.e., corn grain-based ethanol and soybean-based diesel) in the United States during feedstock production and conversion processes. Factors considered include greenhouse (GHG) emissions, air pollutant emissions, soil health and quality, water use and water quality, wastewater and solid waste streams, and biodiversity and land-use changes. Based on our review of the available literature, we find that the production of next-generation feedstocks in the U.S. (e.g., municipal solid waste, forest residues, dedicated energy crops, microalgae) are expected to fare better than corn-grain or soybean production on most of these factors, although the magnitude of these differences may vary significantly among feedstocks. Ethanol produced using a biochemical or thermochemical conversion platform is expected to result in fewer GHG and air pollutant emissions, but to have similar or potentially greater water demands and solid waste streams than conventional ethanol biorefineries in the U.S. However, these conversion-related differences are likely to be small, particularly relative to those associated with feedstock production. Modeling performed for illustrative purposes and to allow for standardized quantitative comparisons across feedstocks and conversion technologies generally confirms the findings from the literature. Despite current expectations, significant uncertainty remains regarding how well next-generation biofuels will fare on different environmental and sustainability factors when produced on a commercial scale in the U.S. Additional research is needed in several broad areas including quantifying impacts, designing standardized metrics and approaches, and developing decision-support tools to identify and quantify environmental trade-offs and ensure sustainable biofuels production. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Williams, Pamela R D AU - Inman, Daniel AU - Aden, Andy AU - Heath, Garvin A AD - E Risk Sciences, LLP, 4647 Carter Trail, Boulder, Colorado 80301, National BioEnergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado, and Strategic Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado Y1 - 2009/05/27/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 May 27 SP - 4763 EP - 4775 PB - American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St., NW Washington DC 20036 USA VL - 43 IS - 13 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Resource management KW - Biological diversity KW - Sustainable development KW - Crops KW - Soil KW - Corn KW - Soils KW - Emissions KW - Stream Pollution KW - sustainability KW - water demand KW - Ethanol KW - solid wastes KW - Solid impurities KW - Water Quality KW - Solid Wastes KW - Land use KW - Soybeans KW - Standards KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Environment management KW - Technology KW - Streams KW - Environmental factors KW - Pollutants KW - greenhouses KW - soybeans KW - water use KW - Water Demand KW - biofuels KW - Identification KW - Water pollution KW - Air pollution KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - Offshore structures KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754543017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Environmental+and+Sustainability+Factors+Associated+With+Next-Generation+Biofuels+in+the+U.S.%3A+What+Do+We+Really+Know%3F&rft.au=Williams%2C+Pamela+R+D%3BInman%2C+Daniel%3BAden%2C+Andy%3BHeath%2C+Garvin+A&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Pamela+R&rft.date=2009-05-27&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=4763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes900250d L2 - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es900250d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-10-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Solid impurities; Resource management; Soils; Offshore structures; Sustainable development; Identification; Environment management; Environmental factors; Water pollution; water use; Fuel technology; solid wastes; biofuels; Biological diversity; Streams; Crops; Land use; Soil; Emissions; greenhouses; sustainability; Standards; water demand; Greenhouse gases; soybeans; Ethanol; Technology; Pollutants; Water Demand; Reviews; Corn; Water Quality; Stream Pollution; Solid Wastes; Soybeans; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es900250d ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Redox Chemistry of Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes in Dispersions and Thin Films T2 - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 42151272; 5158489 JF - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Blackburn, Jeff AU - Svedruzic, Drazenka AU - Tenent, Robert AU - McDonald, Timothy AU - Engtrakul, Chaiwat AU - Rocha, John-David AU - King, Paul AU - Heben, Michael Y1 - 2009/05/24/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 May 24 KW - Nanotechnology KW - Carbon KW - Films KW - Nanotubes KW - Dispersion KW - Redox reactions KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42151272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Redox+Chemistry+of+Single-wall+Carbon+Nanotubes+in+Dispersions+and+Thin+Films&rft.au=Blackburn%2C+Jeff%3BSvedruzic%2C+Drazenka%3BTenent%2C+Robert%3BMcDonald%2C+Timothy%3BEngtrakul%2C+Chaiwat%3BRocha%2C+John-David%3BKing%2C+Paul%3BHeben%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Blackburn&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.date=2009-05-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ecsmeet7.peerx-press.org/jsp/mas/reportSymposiumList.jsp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ultra Smooth, Large Area, High Uniformity, Conductive Transparent Single- Walled Carbon Nanotube Films for Photovoltaics Produced by Ultrasonic Spraying T2 - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 42150652; 5158510 JF - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Blackburn, Jeff AU - Barnes, Teresa AU - Tenent, Robert AU - Bergeson, Jeremy AU - Heben, Michael Y1 - 2009/05/24/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 May 24 KW - Ultrasonics KW - Photovoltaics KW - Nanotechnology KW - Spraying KW - Carbon KW - Films KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42150652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Ultra+Smooth%2C+Large+Area%2C+High+Uniformity%2C+Conductive+Transparent+Single-+Walled+Carbon+Nanotube+Films+for+Photovoltaics+Produced+by+Ultrasonic+Spraying&rft.au=Blackburn%2C+Jeff%3BBarnes%2C+Teresa%3BTenent%2C+Robert%3BBergeson%2C+Jeremy%3BHeben%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Blackburn&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.date=2009-05-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ecsmeet7.peerx-press.org/jsp/mas/reportSymposiumList.jsp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Solar conversion using sensitized core-shell nanowire mesh electrodes T2 - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 42146588; 5157720 JF - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Kang, Soon AU - Neale, Nathan AU - Nozik, Authur AU - Frank, Authur Y1 - 2009/05/24/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 May 24 KW - Electrodes KW - Nanotechnology KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42146588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Solar+conversion+using+sensitized+core-shell+nanowire+mesh+electrodes&rft.au=Kang%2C+Soon%3BNeale%2C+Nathan%3BNozik%2C+Authur%3BFrank%2C+Authur&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=Soon&rft.date=2009-05-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ecsmeet7.peerx-press.org/jsp/mas/reportSymposiumList.jsp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Large Prismatic Cell Design Evaluation using Multi-Scale Multi-Dimensional Lithium-Ion Battery Model T2 - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 42145962; 5157576 JF - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Kim, Gi-Heon AU - Smith, Kandler Y1 - 2009/05/24/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 May 24 KW - Batteries KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42145962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Large+Prismatic+Cell+Design+Evaluation+using+Multi-Scale+Multi-Dimensional+Lithium-Ion+Battery+Model&rft.au=Kim%2C+Gi-Heon%3BSmith%2C+Kandler&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Gi-Heon&rft.date=2009-05-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ecsmeet7.peerx-press.org/jsp/mas/reportSymposiumList.jsp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling of Non-Uniform Degradation in Large Format Lithium Ion Cells T2 - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 42144915; 5157579 JF - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Smith, Kandler AU - Kim, Gi-Heon Y1 - 2009/05/24/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 May 24 KW - Degradation KW - Lithium KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42144915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Modeling+of+Non-Uniform+Degradation+in+Large+Format+Lithium+Ion+Cells&rft.au=Smith%2C+Kandler%3BKim%2C+Gi-Heon&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Kandler&rft.date=2009-05-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ecsmeet7.peerx-press.org/jsp/mas/reportSymposiumList.jsp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Metal - Organic Frameworks Having Novel Fulvalene Linkers T2 - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 42144024; 5157712 JF - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Groves, Amy AU - Curtis, Calvin AU - O'Niell, Kevin AU - Gennett, Thomas AU - Dillon, A Y1 - 2009/05/24/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 May 24 KW - Metals KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42144024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Metal+-+Organic+Frameworks+Having+Novel+Fulvalene+Linkers&rft.au=Groves%2C+Amy%3BCurtis%2C+Calvin%3BO%27Niell%2C+Kevin%3BGennett%2C+Thomas%3BDillon%2C+A&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft.date=2009-05-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ecsmeet7.peerx-press.org/jsp/mas/reportSymposiumList.jsp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mechanism of Hydrogen Storage on Reduced Carbon Single-Walled Nanotubes and Co-Intercalated Graphite T2 - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 42143989; 5157708 JF - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Whitney, E AU - Curtis, C AU - Gennett, T AU - Engtrakul, C AU - O'Neill, K AU - Heben, M AU - Dillon, A AU - Parilla, P Y1 - 2009/05/24/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 May 24 KW - Hydrogen KW - Nanotechnology KW - Storage KW - Carbon KW - Graphite KW - Nanotubes KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42143989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+Hydrogen+Storage+on+Reduced+Carbon+Single-Walled+Nanotubes+and+Co-Intercalated+Graphite&rft.au=Whitney%2C+E%3BCurtis%2C+C%3BGennett%2C+T%3BEngtrakul%2C+C%3BO%27Neill%2C+K%3BHeben%2C+M%3BDillon%2C+A%3BParilla%2C+P&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2009-05-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ecsmeet7.peerx-press.org/jsp/mas/reportSymposiumList.jsp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Optimization of MoO3 Nanoparticles for use as Novel Negative-Electrode Material in High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries T2 - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 42142661; 5158781 JF - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Riley, L AU - Lee, S.-H. AU - Kang, S.-H. AU - Thackeray, M AU - Dillon, A Y1 - 2009/05/24/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 May 24 KW - Batteries KW - Nanoparticles KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42142661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+MoO3+Nanoparticles+for+use+as+Novel+Negative-Electrode+Material+in+High-Capacity+Lithium-Ion+Batteries&rft.au=Riley%2C+L%3BLee%2C+S.-H.%3BKang%2C+S.-H.%3BThackeray%2C+M%3BDillon%2C+A&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2009-05-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ecsmeet7.peerx-press.org/jsp/mas/reportSymposiumList.jsp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles for Durable Electrochromics T2 - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 42140639; 5157416 JF - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Dillon, A AU - Lee, S.-H. AU - Deshpande, R AU - White, C AU - Gillaspie, D Y1 - 2009/05/24/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 May 24 KW - Tungsten KW - Nanoparticles KW - Tungsten oxide KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42140639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Tungsten+Oxide+Nanoparticles+for+Durable+Electrochromics&rft.au=Dillon%2C+A%3BLee%2C+S.-H.%3BDeshpande%2C+R%3BWhite%2C+C%3BGillaspie%2C+D&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2009-05-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ecsmeet7.peerx-press.org/jsp/mas/reportSymposiumList.jsp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - (Photo)electrochemical characterization of doped ZnO electrodes T2 - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 42138251; 5157850 JF - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Wang, Heli AU - Deutsch, Todd AU - Shet, Sudhakar AU - Ahn, Kwang-Soon AU - Yan, Yanfa AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak AU - Turner, John Y1 - 2009/05/24/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 May 24 KW - Zinc KW - Electrodes KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42138251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=%28Photo%29electrochemical+characterization+of+doped+ZnO+electrodes&rft.au=Wang%2C+Heli%3BDeutsch%2C+Todd%3BShet%2C+Sudhakar%3BAhn%2C+Kwang-Soon%3BYan%2C+Yanfa%3BAl-Jassim%2C+Mowafak%3BTurner%2C+John&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Heli&rft.date=2009-05-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ecsmeet7.peerx-press.org/jsp/mas/reportSymposiumList.jsp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hydrogen Production from Photoelectrochemical Cells: Theoretical considerations and experimental results T2 - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 42136839; 5157880 JF - 215th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Turner, John Y1 - 2009/05/24/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 May 24 KW - Hydrogen KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42136839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Hydrogen+Production+from+Photoelectrochemical+Cells%3A+Theoretical+considerations+and+experimental+results&rft.au=Turner%2C+John&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2009-05-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=215th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ecsmeet7.peerx-press.org/jsp/mas/reportSymposiumList.jsp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Nanotech Revolution in Renewable Energy T2 - 2009 Cancer Nanotech Conference AN - 41786092; 5055803 JF - 2009 Cancer Nanotech Conference AU - Arvizu, D Y1 - 2009/05/03/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 May 03 KW - Renewable energy KW - Conservation KW - Resource management KW - Environment management KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41786092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+Cancer+Nanotech+Conference&rft.atitle=The+Nanotech+Revolution+in+Renewable+Energy&rft.au=Arvizu%2C+D&rft.aulast=Arvizu&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2009-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+Cancer+Nanotech+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.nsti.org/Nanotech2009/program/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-17 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Butanol Tolerance in a Selection of Microorganisms AN - 21252608; 11774813 AB - Butanol tolerance is a critical factor affecting the ability of microorganisms to generate economically viable quantities of butanol. Current Clostridium strains are unable to tolerate greater than 2% 1-butanol thus membrane or gas stripping technologies to actively remove butanol during fermentation are advantageous. To evaluate the potential of alternative hosts for butanol production, we screened 24 different microorganisms for their tolerance to butanol. We found that in general, a barrier to growth exists between 1% and 2% butanol and few microorganisms can tolerate 2% butanol. Strains of Escherichia coli, Zymomonas mobilis, and non-Saccharomyces yeasts were unable to surmount the 2% butanol growth barrier. Several strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibit limited growth in 2% butanol, while two strains of Lactobacillus were able to tolerate and grow in up to 3% butanol. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Knoshaug, Eric P AU - Zhang, Min AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, Golden, CO, 80401, USA, eric_knoshaug@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/05// PY - 2009 DA - May 2009 SP - 13 EP - 20 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 153 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Clostridium KW - Lactobacillus KW - Fermentation KW - Escherichia coli KW - Microorganisms KW - butanol KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - A 01310:Products of Microorganisms KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21252608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Butanol+Tolerance+in+a+Selection+of+Microorganisms&rft.au=Knoshaug%2C+Eric+P%3BZhang%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Knoshaug&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2009-05-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12010-008-8460-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fermentation; Microorganisms; butanol; Clostridium; Lactobacillus; Escherichia coli; Zymomonas mobilis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-008-8460-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of Lignin Removal by Alkaline Peroxide Pretreatment on the Susceptibility of Corn Stover to Purified Cellulolytic and Xylanolytic Enzymes AN - 20620527; 9317706 AB - Pretreatment of corn stover with alkaline peroxide (AP) at pH 11.5 resulted in reduction of lignin content in the residual solids as a function of increasing batch temperature. Scanning electron microscopy of these materials revealed notably more textured surfaces on the plant cell walls as a result of the delignifying pretreatment. As expected, digestion of the delignified samples with commercial cellulase preparations showed an inverse relationship between the content of lignin present in the residual solids after pretreatment and the extent of both glucan and xylan conversion achievable. Digestions with purified enzymes revealed that decreased lignin content in the pretreated solids did not significantly impact the extent of glucan conversion achievable by cellulases alone. Not until purified xylanolytic activities were included with the cellulases were significant improvements in glucan conversion realized. In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between lignin content after pretreatment and the extent of xylan conversion achievable in a 24-h period with the xylanolytic enzymes in the absence of the cellulases. This observation, coupled with the direct relationship between enzymatic xylan and glucan conversion observed in a number of cases, suggests that the presence of lignins may not directly occlude cellulose present in lignocelluloses but rather impact cellulase action indirectly by its association with xylan. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Selig, Michael J AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Decker, Stephen R AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA, michael_selig@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/05// PY - 2009 DA - May 2009 SP - 94 EP - 103 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA, [mailto:jchasse@humanapr.com], [URL:http://humanapress.com] VL - 155 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Cellulose KW - Enzymes KW - Cellulase KW - Digestion KW - lignocellulose KW - Plant cells KW - Xylan KW - Lignin KW - peroxide KW - pH effects KW - glucans KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20620527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+Lignin+Removal+by+Alkaline+Peroxide+Pretreatment+on+the+Susceptibility+of+Corn+Stover+to+Purified+Cellulolytic+and+Xylanolytic+Enzymes&rft.au=Selig%2C+Michael+J%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R&rft.aulast=Selig&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2009-05-01&rft.volume=155&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12010-008-8511-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Scanning electron microscopy; Cellulose; Enzymes; Cellulase; Digestion; lignocellulose; Plant cells; Xylan; Lignin; peroxide; pH effects; glucans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-008-8511-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High Xylose Yields from Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Corn Stover Under Process-Relevant Conditions AN - 20618757; 9317708 AB - Pretreatment experiments were carried out to demonstrate high xylose yields at high solids loadings in two different batch pretreatment reactors under process-relevant conditions. Corn stover was pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid using a 4-l Steam Digester and a 4-l stirred ZipperClave® reactor. Solids were loaded at 45% dry matter (wt/wt) after sulfuric acid catalyst impregnation using nominal particle sizes of either 6 or 18 mm. Pretreatment was carried out at temperatures between 180 and 200 °C at residence times of either 90 or 105 s. Results demonstrate an ability to achieve high xylose yields (>80%) over a range of pretreatment conditions, with performance showing little dependence on particle size or pretreatment reactor type. The high xylose yields are attributed to effective catalyst impregnation and rapid rates of heat transfer during pretreatment. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Weiss, Noah D AU - Nagle, Nicholas J AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Elander, Richard T AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO, USA, Noah_Weiss@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/05// PY - 2009 DA - May 2009 SP - 115 EP - 125 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA, [mailto:jchasse@humanapr.com], [URL:http://humanapress.com] VL - 155 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Particle size KW - Temperature effects KW - Xylose KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Steam KW - Dry matter KW - Catalysts KW - Heat transfer KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20618757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=High+Xylose+Yields+from+Dilute+Acid+Pretreatment+of+Corn+Stover+Under+Process-Relevant+Conditions&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Noah+D%3BNagle%2C+Nicholas+J%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BElander%2C+Richard+T&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft.date=2009-05-01&rft.volume=155&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12010-008-8490-y LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Particle size; Xylose; Steam; Sulfuric acid; Dry matter; Catalysts; Heat transfer DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-008-8490-y ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Improving Biodiesel Emissions and Fuel Efficiency with Changes to the Engine Calibration T2 - 2009 SAE World Congress AN - 42156424; 5159534 JF - 2009 SAE World Congress AU - Ireland, John AU - McCormick, Robert AU - Yanowitz, Janet AU - Wright, Sean AU - Williams, Aaron Y1 - 2009/04/20/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Apr 20 KW - Efficiency KW - Fuels KW - Biofuels KW - Emissions KW - Diesel KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42156424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+SAE+World+Congress&rft.atitle=Improving+Biodiesel+Emissions+and+Fuel+Efficiency+with+Changes+to+the+Engine+Calibration&rft.au=Ireland%2C+John%3BMcCormick%2C+Robert%3BYanowitz%2C+Janet%3BWright%2C+Sean%3BWilliams%2C+Aaron&rft.aulast=Ireland&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2009-04-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+SAE+World+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sae.org/servlets/techSession?EVT_NAME=ANNUAL&GROUP_CD=INTL& SCHED_NUM=164761&REQUEST_TYPE=SESSION_LIST LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Fuel Cell Vehicle Learning Demonstration Status and Results T2 - 2009 SAE World Congress AN - 42151193; 5160205 JF - 2009 SAE World Congress AU - Wipke, Keith AU - Sprik, Samuel AU - Ramsden, Todd AU - Kurtz, Jennifer AU - Garbak, John Y1 - 2009/04/20/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Apr 20 KW - Fuel technology KW - Fuel cells KW - Learning KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42151193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+SAE+World+Congress&rft.atitle=Fuel+Cell+Vehicle+Learning+Demonstration+Status+and+Results&rft.au=Wipke%2C+Keith%3BSprik%2C+Samuel%3BRamsden%2C+Todd%3BKurtz%2C+Jennifer%3BGarbak%2C+John&rft.aulast=Wipke&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=2009-04-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+SAE+World+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sae.org/servlets/techSession?EVT_NAME=ANNUAL&REQUEST_TYPE=S ESSION_LIST&GROUP_CD=INTL&SCHED_NUM=164761&COMMON_SUCCESS=TRUE LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-28 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Redistribution of xylan in maize cell walls during dilute acid pretreatment AN - 20171990; 10248183 AB - Developing processes for the conversion of biomass for use in transportation fuels production is becoming a critically important economic and engineering challenge. Dilute acid pretreatment is a promising technology for increasing the enzymatic digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. However, a deeper understanding of the pretreatability of biomass is needed so that the rate of formation and yields of sugars can be increased. Xylan is an important hemicellulosic component of the plant cell wall and acts as a barrier to cellulose, essentially blocking cellulase action. To better understand xylan hydrolysis in corn stover, we have studied changes in the distribution of xylan caused by dilute acid pretreatment using correlative microscopy. A dramatic loss of xylan antibody signal from the center of the cell wall and an increase or retention of xylan at the plasma membrane interface and middle lamella of the cell were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We also observed a reduction in xylan fluorescence signal by CLSM that is generally consistent with the decrease in xylan content measured experimentally in the bulk sample, however, the compartmentalization of this xylan retention was not anticipated. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 102: 1537-1543. JF - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Porter, Stephanie E AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AU - Johnson, David K AU - Himmel, Michael E AD - Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, Colorado 80401; , roman_brunecky@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/04// PY - 2009 DA - Apr 2009 SP - 1537 EP - 1543 PB - John Wiley & Sons, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 102 IS - 6 SN - 0006-3592, 0006-3592 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Fluorescence KW - Fuels KW - Cellulose KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - Cellulase KW - Antibodies KW - Plant cells KW - Plasma membranes KW - Zea mays KW - Xylan KW - Digestibility KW - Confocal microscopy KW - Economics KW - Microscopy KW - Cell walls KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20171990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.atitle=Redistribution+of+xylan+in+maize+cell+walls+during+dilute+acid+pretreatment&rft.au=Brunecky%2C+Roman%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BPorter%2C+Stephanie+E%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon+S%3BJohnson%2C+David+K%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E&rft.aulast=Brunecky&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft.date=2009-04-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.issn=00063592&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbit.22211 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Fluorescence; Fuels; Cellulose; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Cellulase; Antibodies; Plasma membranes; Plant cells; Xylan; Microscopy; Economics; Confocal microscopy; Digestibility; Cell walls; Zea mays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.22211 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Transient Stability of the Grid with a Wind Power Plant T2 - 2009 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exhibition (PSCE 2009) AN - 41885953; 5105880 JF - 2009 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exhibition (PSCE 2009) AU - Muljadi, Eduard AU - Nguyen, Tony AU - Pai, M Y1 - 2009/03/15/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Mar 15 KW - Wind energy KW - Power plants KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41885953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2009+IEEE+PES+Power+Systems+Conference+and+Exhibition+%28PSCE+2009%29&rft.atitle=Transient+Stability+of+the+Grid+with+a+Wind+Power+Plant&rft.au=Muljadi%2C+Eduard%3BNguyen%2C+Tony%3BPai%2C+M&rft.aulast=Muljadi&rft.aufirst=Eduard&rft.date=2009-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2009+IEEE+PES+Power+Systems+Conference+and+Exhibition+%28PSCE+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.pscexpo.com//RegularProgram.asp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-17 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emissions impacts and benefits of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and vehicle-to-grid services. AN - 67068743; 19320180 AB - Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have been promoted as a potential technology to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants by using electricity instead of petroleum, and byimproving electric system efficiency by providing vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services. We use an electric power system model to explicitly evaluate the change in generator dispatches resulting from PHEV deployment in the Texas grid, and apply fixed and non-parametric estimates of generator emissions rates, to estimate the resulting changes in generation emissions. We find that by using the flexibility of when vehicles may be charged, generator efficiency can be increased substantially. By changing generator dispatch, a PHEVfleet of up to 15% of light-duty vehicles can actually decrease net generator NOx emissions during the ozone season, despite the additional charging load. By adding V2G services, such as spinning reserves and energy storage, CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions can be reduced even further. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Sioshansi, Ramteen AU - Denholm, Paul AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, MS301, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. sioshansi.1@osu.edu Y1 - 2009/02/15/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Feb 15 SP - 1199 EP - 1204 VL - 43 IS - 4 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Nitrates KW - Nitrites KW - Sulfur Dioxide KW - 0UZA3422Q4 KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Index Medicus KW - Nitrites -- analysis KW - Carbon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Sulfur Dioxide -- analysis KW - Nitrates -- analysis KW - Electric Power Supplies KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Motor Vehicles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67068743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Emissions+impacts+and+benefits+of+plug-in+hybrid+electric+vehicles+and+vehicle-to-grid+services.&rft.au=Sioshansi%2C+Ramteen%3BDenholm%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Sioshansi&rft.aufirst=Ramteen&rft.date=2009-02-15&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2009-04-16 N1 - Date created - 2009-03-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Solar Photovoltaics Technology: The Beginning of the Revolution T2 - 138th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS 2009) AN - 41761264; 5028808 JF - 138th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS 2009) AU - Kazmerski, Larry Y1 - 2009/02/15/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Feb 15 KW - Photovoltaics KW - Technology KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41761264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=138th+Annual+Meeting+and+Exhibition+of+the+Minerals%2C+Metals+and+Materials+Society+%28TMS+2009%29&rft.atitle=Solar+Photovoltaics+Technology%3A+The+Beginning+of+the+Revolution&rft.au=Kazmerski%2C+Larry&rft.aulast=Kazmerski&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=2009-02-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=138th+Annual+Meeting+and+Exhibition+of+the+Minerals%2C+Metals+and+Materials+Society+%28TMS+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.tms.org/Meetings/Annual-09/PDFs/AM09finalProgram.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-17 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation Results of Hybrid Electric and Fuel Cell Demonstration Projects T2 - 88th Annual Meeting of the Transpotations Research Board AN - 41781368; 5036932 JF - 88th Annual Meeting of the Transpotations Research Board AU - Eudy, Leslie Y1 - 2009/01/11/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jan 11 KW - Fuel technology KW - Hybrids KW - Fuel cells KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41781368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=88th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Transpotations+Research+Board&rft.atitle=Evaluation+Results+of+Hybrid+Electric+and+Fuel+Cell+Demonstration+Projects&rft.au=Eudy%2C+Leslie&rft.aulast=Eudy&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft.date=2009-01-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=88th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Transpotations+Research+Board&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.trb.org/meeting/2009/PDFs/TRBAM09.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-17 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Opportunities and Challenges for Extending Survey Data Utility and Making New Stakeholder Connections T2 - 88th Annual Meeting of the Transpotations Research Board AN - 41744561; 5038810 JF - 88th Annual Meeting of the Transpotations Research Board AU - Gonder, Jeffrey Y1 - 2009/01/11/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jan 11 KW - Stakeholders KW - Data processing KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41744561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=88th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Transpotations+Research+Board&rft.atitle=Opportunities+and+Challenges+for+Extending+Survey+Data+Utility+and+Making+New+Stakeholder+Connections&rft.au=Gonder%2C+Jeffrey&rft.aulast=Gonder&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2009-01-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=88th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Transpotations+Research+Board&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.trb.org/meeting/2009/PDFs/TRBAM09.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-17 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biodiesel: Opportunities and Challenges T2 - 88th Annual Meeting of the Transpotations Research Board AN - 41743889; 5039189 JF - 88th Annual Meeting of the Transpotations Research Board AU - McCormick, Robert Y1 - 2009/01/11/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jan 11 KW - Biofuels KW - Diesel KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41743889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=88th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Transpotations+Research+Board&rft.atitle=Biodiesel%3A+Opportunities+and+Challenges&rft.au=McCormick%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2009-01-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=88th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Transpotations+Research+Board&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.trb.org/meeting/2009/PDFs/TRBAM09.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-17 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Field Testing Controls to Mitigate Fatigue Loads in the Controls Advanced Research Turbine AN - 753721067; 12634683 AB - Wind turbines are complex, nonlinear, dynamic systems forced by aerodynamic, gravitational, centrifugal, and gyroscopic loads. The aerodynamics of wind turbines is nonlinear, unsteady, and complex. Turbine rotors are subjected to a complicated 3-D turbulent wind inflow field with imbedded coherent vortices that drive fatigue loads and reduce lifetime. Design of control algorithms for wind turbines must account for multiple control objectives. Future large multi-megawatt turbines must be designed with lighter weight structures, using active controls to mitigate fatigue loads while maximizing energy capture and adding active damping to maintain stability for these dynamically active structures operating in a complex environment. Most large commercial turbines still use classical controllers based on a single input and a single output (SISO). While adequate for controlling the "stiff" machines of the past, these methods are inadequate for stabilizing and mitigating loads in future large flexible multi-megawatt turbines. Advanced adaptive control algorithms based on state-space methods are better suited to these challenges. They can meet multiple control objectives with fewer control loops, using multiple control actuators and sensors for reducing fatigue loading, stabilizing the complex structure, and maximizing power. At the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, we are designing, implementing, and testing advanced controls to maximize energy extraction and reduce structural dynamic loads. These control designs are based on a linear model of the turbine that is generated by specialized modeling software. In this paper, we show the design and simulation testing of a control algorithm to mitigate tower and drivetrain loads using advanced state-space control design methods. The controller uses rotor collective pitch to regulate the turbine's speed in Region 3. It is also designed to add active damping to the tower's first fore-aft mode. In addition, a separate generator torque control loop is designed to add active damping to the tower's first side-side mode and the first drivetrain-torsion mode. This paper describes implementation and field tests of this controller in the Controls Advanced Research Turbine at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. We compare the performance of this controller to results from a typical baseline Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller designed with just Region 3 speed regulation as the goal. JF - AIAA Proceedings AU - Wright, AD AU - Fingersh, L J AU - Stol, KA Y1 - 2009/01// PY - 2009 DA - Jan 2009 PB - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1801 Alexander Bell Dr., Suite 500 Reston VA 20191-4344 USA, [URL:http://www.aiaa.org] KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - AIAA 2009-478 KW - Sensors KW - Simulation KW - fatigue KW - Turbines KW - Computer programs KW - mitigation KW - Wind energy KW - Renewable energy KW - Aerodynamics KW - inflow KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/753721067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Sustainability+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Wright%2C+AD%3BFingersh%2C+L+J%3BStol%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Field+Testing+Controls+to+Mitigate+Fatigue+Loads+in+the+Controls+Advanced+Research+Turbine&rft.title=Field+Testing+Controls+to+Mitigate+Fatigue+Loads+in+the+Controls+Advanced+Research+Turbine&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomass Derived, Carbon Sequestering, Designed Fertilizers AN - 745640116; 13096187 AB - This work explores the hypothesis that functionalized biomass-derived chars (charcoal) can act as fertilizer-delivering, carbon-sequestering soil amendments. A naturally occurring precedent for this approach is based on recent results that clearly link increased soil productivity with charcoal-like Terra Preta deposits, which are characterized by enhanced microbial and fungal activity and are found in both temperate and tropical climates. In this work, peanut shell pellets were pyrolyzed under mild conditions (400 degree C). The resulting char retained nitrogen from the feedstock's high protein content. This char also provided the baseline material for further nutrient addition by reaction of pyrolysis oil with urea to add more bioavallable nitrogen. Replicated plant growth tests with corn conducted in a controlled greenhouse environment showed that these biomass-derived chars, as produced (raw) and chemically reacted (functionalized) with urea and pyrolysis oil, enhanced above and below ground plant growth similar to the periodic addition of an aqueous NPK fertilizer to the potting soil used for all experiments. We also found that char (raw and functionalized) addition to soil significantly enhanced root growth and that char could support the growth and subsequent release of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter vinelandil) into soils. These promising results provide the basis to design renewable time-release fertilizers for promoting above and below ground plant growth that also sequester carbon in the soil. Sustainable benefits of using these materials as targeted agricultural fertilizers include producing fertilizers from renewable biomass, eliminating conventional fertilizer nitrate runoff into watersheds (a severe and growing water quality problem), increasing soil organic matter accumulation from enhanced root growth, and sequestering carbon in soils. JF - Annals of Environmental Science AU - Magrini-Bair, KA AU - Czernik, S AU - Pilath, H M AU - Evans, R J AU - Maness, P C AU - Leventhal, J AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2009 PY - 2009 DA - 2009 SP - 217 EP - 225 PB - Northeastern University, [mailto:g.davies@neu.edu] VL - 3 SN - 1939-2621, 1939-2621 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Charcoal KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - water quality KW - Watersheds KW - corn KW - Oil KW - Soil KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Fertilizers KW - urea KW - plant growth KW - greenhouses KW - Nitrates KW - Organic matter KW - Biomass KW - Agrochemicals KW - Pyrolysis KW - Nitrogen-fixing bacteria KW - Proteins KW - Azotobacter KW - Nitrogen KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745640116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Biomass+Derived%2C+Carbon+Sequestering%2C+Designed+Fertilizers&rft.au=Magrini-Bair%2C+KA%3BCzernik%2C+S%3BPilath%2C+H+M%3BEvans%2C+R+J%3BManess%2C+P+C%3BLeventhal%2C+J&rft.aulast=Magrini-Bair&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=19392621&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Charcoal; water quality; Nitrates; Organic matter; Biomass; Watersheds; Agrochemicals; corn; Soil; Oil; Pyrolysis; Carbon sequestration; Fertilizers; urea; Nitrogen-fixing bacteria; plant growth; greenhouses; Proteins; Nitrogen; Arachis hypogaea; Azotobacter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrogen photoproduction by nutrient-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells immobilized within thin alginate films under aerobic and anaerobic conditions AN - 20877821; 10248022 AB - A new technique for immobilizing H2-photoproducing green algae within a thin (<400 µm) alginate film has been developed. Alginate films with entrapped sulfur/phosphorus-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, strain cc124, cells demonstrate (a) higher cell density (up to 2,000 µg Chl mL-1 of matrix), (b) kinetics of H2 photoproduction similar to sulfur-deprived suspension cultures, (c) higher specific rates (up to 12.5 µmol mg-1 Chl h-1) of H2 evolution, (d) light conversion efficiencies to H2 of over 1% and (e) unexpectedly high resistance of the H2-photoproducing system to inactivation by atmospheric O2. The algal cells, entrapped in alginate and then placed in vials containing 21% O2 in the headspace, evolved up to 67% of the H2 gas produced under anaerobic conditions. The results indicate that the lower susceptibility of the immobilized algal H2-producing system to inactivation by O2 depends on two factors: (a) the presence of acetate in the medium, which supports higher rates of respiration and (b) the capability of the alginate polymer itself to effectively separate the entrapped cells from O2 in the liquid and headspace and restrict O2 diffusion into the matrix. The strategy presented for immobilizing algal cells within thin polymeric matrices shows the potential for scale-up and possible future applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 102: 50-58. JF - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AU - Kosourov, Sergey N AU - Seibert, Michael AD - Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3933; , mike_seibert@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/01// PY - 2009 DA - Jan 2009 SP - 50 EP - 58 PB - John Wiley & Sons, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 102 IS - 1 SN - 0006-3592, 0006-3592 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - inactivation KW - Sulfur KW - Sulphur KW - Respiration KW - Cell density KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii KW - Hydrogen KW - Efficiency KW - Alginic acid KW - Headspace KW - Diffusion KW - Films KW - Algae KW - Algal culture KW - Suspension KW - Alginates KW - Aquatic plants KW - Suspension culture KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Acetic acid KW - Light effects KW - Anoxic conditions KW - Kinetics KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Polymers KW - Evolution KW - Biotechnology KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - K 03300:Methods KW - Q3 08585:Plant culture KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20877821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.atitle=Hydrogen+photoproduction+by+nutrient-deprived+Chlamydomonas+reinhardtii+cells+immobilized+within+thin+alginate+films+under+aerobic+and+anaerobic+conditions&rft.au=Kosourov%2C+Sergey+N%3BSeibert%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Kosourov&rft.aufirst=Sergey&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.issn=00063592&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbit.22050 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Algal culture; Suspension; Sulphur; Anoxic conditions; Alginates; Respiration; Aquatic plants; Nutrients (mineral); Biotechnology; Sulfur; Cell density; Suspension culture; Hydrogen; Anaerobic conditions; Acetic acid; Light effects; Alginic acid; Kinetics; Headspace; Diffusion; Evolution; Algae; Films; inactivation; Efficiency; Polymers; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.22050 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory-scale method for enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass at high-solids loadings AN - 1660424001; PQ0001122962 AB - Background: Screening new lignocellulosic biomass pretreatments and advanced enzyme systems at process relevant conditions is a key factor in the development of economically viable lignocellulosic ethanol. Shake flasks, the reaction vessel commonly used for screening enzymatic saccharifications of cellulosic biomass, do not provide adequate mixing at high-solids concentrations when shaking is not supplemented with hand mixing. Results: We identified roller bottle reactors (RBRs) as laboratory-scale reaction vessels that can provide adequate mixing for enzymatic saccharifications at high-solids biomass loadings without any additional hand mixing. Using the RBRs, we developed a method for screening both pretreated biomass and enzyme systems at process-relevant conditions. RBRs were shown to be scalable between 125 mL and 2 L. Results from enzymatic saccharifications of five biomass pretreatments of different severities and two enzyme preparations suggest that this system will work well for a variety of biomass substrates and enzyme systems. A study of intermittent mixing regimes suggests that mass transfer limitations of enzymatic saccharifications at high-solids loadings are significant but can be mitigated with a relatively low amount of mixing input. Conclusion: Effective initial mixing to promote good enzyme distribution and continued, but not necessarily continuous, mixing is necessary in order to facilitate high biomass conversion rates. The simplicity and robustness of the bench-scale RBR system, combined with its ability to accommodate numerous reaction vessels, will be useful in screening new biomass pretreatments and advanced enzyme systems at high-solids loadings. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Roche, Christine M AU - Dibble, Clare J AU - Stickel, Jonathan J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401-3393, USA Y1 - 2009 PY - 2009 DA - 2009 SP - 28 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Enzymes KW - Hand KW - Cell culture KW - Biomass KW - Mass transfer KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660424001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Laboratory-scale+method+for+enzymatic+saccharification+of+lignocellulosic+biomass+at+high-solids+loadings&rft.au=Roche%2C+Christine+M%3BDibble%2C+Clare+J%3BStickel%2C+Jonathan+J&rft.aulast=Roche&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-2-28 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/2/1/28 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hand; Enzymes; Cell culture; Mass transfer; Biomass; Biofuels; Ethanol; Fuel technology; Biotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-2-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Life-Cycle Assessment of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Soybean-Derived Biodiesel and Renewable Fuels AN - 754541735; 13266814 AB - In this study, we used Argonne National Laboratory's Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model to assess the life-cycle energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts of four soybean-derived fuels: biodiesel fuel produced via transesterification, two renewable diesel fuels (I and II) produced from different hydrogenation processes, and renewable gasoline produced from catalytic cracking. Five approaches were employed to allocate the coproducts: a displacement approach; two allocation approaches, one based on the energy value and the other based on the market value; and two hybrid approaches that integrated the displacement and allocation methods. The relative rankings of soybean-based fuels in terms of energy and environmental impacts were different under the different approaches, and the reasons were analyzed. Results from the five allocation approaches showed that although the production and combustion of soybean-based fuels might increase total energy use, they could have significant benefits in reducing fossil energy use (>52%), petroleum use (>88%), and GHG emissions (>57%) relative to petroleum fuels. This study emphasized the importance of the methods used to deal with coproduct issues and provided a comprehensive solution for conducting a life-cycle assessment of fuel pathways with multiple coproducts. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Huo, Hong AU - Wang, Michael AU - Bloyd, Cary AU - Putsche, Vicky AD - Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60549, and Center for Transportation Technologies and Systems, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2008/12/23/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 Dec 23 SP - 750 EP - 756 PB - American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St., NW Washington DC 20036 USA VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Gasoline KW - life cycle analysis KW - Fuels KW - Environmental impact KW - biofuels KW - Energy consumption KW - Combustion KW - hybrids KW - Transportation KW - Petroleum KW - Renewable energy KW - Emissions KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Diesel engines KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754541735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Life-Cycle+Assessment+of+Energy+Use+and+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions+of+Soybean-Derived+Biodiesel+and+Renewable+Fuels&rft.au=Huo%2C+Hong%3BWang%2C+Michael%3BBloyd%2C+Cary%3BPutsche%2C+Vicky&rft.aulast=Huo&rft.aufirst=Hong&rft.date=2008-12-23&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes8011436 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - life cycle analysis; Gasoline; Fuels; biofuels; Environmental impact; Energy consumption; Combustion; Transportation; hybrids; Renewable energy; Petroleum; Emissions; Greenhouse gases; Diesel engines DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es8011436 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NFPA's hydrogen technologies code project AN - 20215591; 10061843 AB - This article discusses the development of National Fire Protection Association 2 (NFPA), a comprehensive hydrogen safety code. It analyses the contents of this document with particular attention focused on new requirements for setting hydrogen storage systems. These new requirements use computational fluid dynamic modeling and risk assessment procedures to develop requirements that are based on both technical analyses and defined risk criteria. The intent is to develop requirements based on procedures that can be replicated based on the information provided in the code document. This code will require documentation of the modeling inputs and risk criteria and analyses in the supporting information. This article also includes a description of the codes and standards that address hydrogen technologies in general. JF - Process Safety Progress AU - Rivkin, Carl H AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Hydrogen Technologies and Systems Center, Golden, CO 80401, carl_rivkin@yahoo.com Y1 - 2008/12// PY - 2008 DA - Dec 2008 SP - 328 EP - 335 PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc., Commerce Place 350 Main St Malden MA 02148 USA, [mailto:customerservices@blackwellpublishing], [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 1066-8527, 1066-8527 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Fires KW - Hydrogen KW - fluid dynamics KW - Storage KW - Technology KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20215591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Process+Safety+Progress&rft.atitle=NFPA%27s+hydrogen+technologies+code+project&rft.au=Rivkin%2C+Carl+H&rft.aulast=Rivkin&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.date=2008-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=328&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Process+Safety+Progress&rft.issn=10668527&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fprs.10269 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Risk assessment; Fires; Hydrogen; fluid dynamics; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.10269 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visualizing lignin coalescence and migration through maize cell walls following thermochemical pretreatment AN - 20176917; 10247964 AB - Plant cell walls are composed primarily of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignins, and pectins. Of these components, lignins exhibit unique chemistry and physiological functions. Although lignins can be used as a product feedstock or as a fuel, lignins are also generally seen as a barrier to efficient enzymatic breakdown of biomass to sugars. Indeed, many pretreatment strategies focus on removing a significant fraction of lignin from biomass to better enable saccharification. In order to better understand the fate of biomass lignins that remain with the solids following dilute acid pretreatment, we undertook a structural investigation to track lignins on and in biomass cell walls. SEM and TEM imaging revealed a range of droplet morphologies that appear on and within cell walls of pretreated biomass; as well as the specific ultrastructural regions that accumulate the droplets. These droplets were shown to contain lignin by FTIR, NMR, antibody labeling, and cytochemical staining. We provide evidence supporting the idea that thermochemical pretreatments reaching temperatures above the range for lignin phase transition cause lignins to coalesce into larger molten bodies that migrate within and out of the cell wall, and can redeposit on the surface of plant cell walls. This decompartmentalization and relocalization of lignins is likely to be at least as important as lignin removal in the quest to improve the digestibility of biomass for sugars and fuels production. JF - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AU - Decker, Stephen R AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Vinzant, Todd B AD - Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401; , bryon_donohoe@nrel.gov Y1 - 2008/12// PY - 2008 DA - Dec 2008 SP - 913 EP - 925 PB - John Wiley & Sons, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 101 IS - 5 SN - 0006-3592, 0006-3592 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Cell surface KW - Fuels KW - Cellulose KW - Biomass KW - imaging KW - hemicellulose KW - Antibodies KW - Plant cells KW - Zea mays KW - Digestibility KW - Lignin KW - Cytology KW - Phase transition KW - N.M.R. KW - Cell migration KW - Pectin KW - Cell walls KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20176917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.atitle=Visualizing+lignin+coalescence+and+migration+through+maize+cell+walls+following+thermochemical+pretreatment&rft.au=Donohoe%2C+Bryon+S%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B&rft.aulast=Donohoe&rft.aufirst=Bryon&rft.date=2008-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=913&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.issn=00063592&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbit.21959 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Cell surface; Sugar; Fuels; Cellulose; Biomass; imaging; hemicellulose; Antibodies; Plant cells; Lignin; Digestibility; Cytology; N.M.R.; Phase transition; Cell migration; Pectin; Cell walls; Zea mays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.21959 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Promise and Challenges of Using III-V Cells for Large-Scale Solar Electricity Generation T2 - 21st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society AN - 41904444; 5107343 JF - 21st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society AU - Kurtz, S Y1 - 2008/11/09/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 Nov 09 KW - Electricity KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41904444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=21st+Annual+Meeting+of+the+IEEE+Lasers+and+Electro-Optics+Society&rft.atitle=Promise+and+Challenges+of+Using+III-V+Cells+for+Large-Scale+Solar+Electricity+Generation&rft.au=Kurtz%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kurtz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2008-11-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=21st+Annual+Meeting+of+the+IEEE+Lasers+and+Electro-Optics+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ieee.org/organizations/society/leos/LEOSCONF/LEOS2008/LEOS2 008_AdvanceProgram.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-07-17 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Amorphous Silicon Nitride Thin Films for Solar-Driven Photoelectrolysis T2 - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AN - 42109234; 4983946 JF - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AU - Deutsch, Todd AU - Ryerson, Joseph L AU - Turner, John A Y1 - 2008/10/12/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 Oct 12 KW - Silicon nitride KW - Films KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42109234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.atitle=Amorphous+Silicon+Nitride+Thin+Films+for+Solar-Driven+Photoelectrolysis&rft.au=Deutsch%2C+Todd%3BRyerson%2C+Joseph+L%3BTurner%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Deutsch&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft.date=2008-10-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/214/mas_802/reportSymposi umList.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-05 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Optimization of Photoelectrolysis Efficiency of III-V Nitride/Silicon Tandem Semiconductor Electrodes T2 - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AN - 42090003; 4986420 JF - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AU - Deutsch, Todd AU - Levander, Alejandro X AU - Geisz, John F AU - Turner, John A Y1 - 2008/10/12/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 Oct 12 KW - Silicon KW - Electrodes KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42090003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+Photoelectrolysis+Efficiency+of+III-V+Nitride%2FSilicon+Tandem+Semiconductor+Electrodes&rft.au=Deutsch%2C+Todd%3BLevander%2C+Alejandro+X%3BGeisz%2C+John+F%3BTurner%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Deutsch&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft.date=2008-10-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/214/mas_802/reportSymposi umList.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-05 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Multi-Scale Multi-Dimensional Lithium-Ion Battery Model T2 - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AN - 42086071; 4984978 JF - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AU - Kim, Gi-Heon AU - Smith, Kandler Y1 - 2008/10/12/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 Oct 12 KW - Batteries KW - Models KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42086071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.atitle=Multi-Scale+Multi-Dimensional+Lithium-Ion+Battery+Model&rft.au=Kim%2C+Gi-Heon%3BSmith%2C+Kandler&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Gi-Heon&rft.date=2008-10-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/214/mas_802/reportSymposi umList.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-05 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New Multilayered Transparent Conducting Oxide Substrates for Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells T2 - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AN - 42085669; 4985769 JF - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AU - Kim, Jin Young AU - Noh, Jun-Hong AU - Hong, Kug Sun AU - Halverson, Adam AU - Zhu, Kai AU - Neale, Nathan AU - Frank, Arthur Y1 - 2008/10/12/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 Oct 12 KW - Solar cells KW - Oxides KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42085669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.atitle=New+Multilayered+Transparent+Conducting+Oxide+Substrates+for+Dye-Sensitized+TiO2+Solar+Cells&rft.au=Kim%2C+Jin+Young%3BNoh%2C+Jun-Hong%3BHong%2C+Kug+Sun%3BHalverson%2C+Adam%3BZhu%2C+Kai%3BNeale%2C+Nathan%3BFrank%2C+Arthur&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Jin&rft.date=2008-10-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/214/mas_802/reportSymposi umList.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-05 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - First-Principles Microscopic Theory of Capacitive Energy Storage in Graphene and TiO2 T2 - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AN - 42084525; 4984196 JF - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AU - Kang, Joongoo AU - Kim, Yong-Hyun Y1 - 2008/10/12/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 Oct 12 KW - Storage KW - Energy storage KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42084525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.atitle=First-Principles+Microscopic+Theory+of+Capacitive+Energy+Storage+in+Graphene+and+TiO2&rft.au=Kang%2C+Joongoo%3BKim%2C+Yong-Hyun&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=Joongoo&rft.date=2008-10-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/214/mas_802/reportSymposi umList.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-05 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cu-In-Ga-Se Based Solar Cells from Solution-Based Precursor Layers T2 - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AN - 42084047; 4986212 JF - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AU - Bhattacharya, R N Y1 - 2008/10/12/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 Oct 12 KW - Solar cells KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42084047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.atitle=Cu-In-Ga-Se+Based+Solar+Cells+from+Solution-Based+Precursor+Layers&rft.au=Bhattacharya%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Bhattacharya&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2008-10-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/214/mas_802/reportSymposi umList.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-05 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - SnO2:F Coated Duplex Stainless Steel in for PEM Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates T2 - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AN - 42081890; 4984807 JF - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AU - Wang, Heli AU - Turner, John A Y1 - 2008/10/12/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 Oct 12 KW - Fuel technology KW - Steel KW - Fuel cells KW - Stainless steel KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42081890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.atitle=SnO2%3AF+Coated+Duplex+Stainless+Steel+in+for+PEM+Fuel+Cell+Bipolar+Plates&rft.au=Wang%2C+Heli%3BTurner%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Heli&rft.date=2008-10-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/214/mas_802/reportSymposi umList.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-05 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - First-Principles Study of Lithium Intercalation into Doped Crystalline MoO3 and MoS2 T2 - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AN - 42079722; 4984349 JF - 2008 Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan and 214th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society (PRiME 2008) AU - Kim, Yong-Hyun AU - Kang, Joongoo AU - Lee, Sehee AU - Dillon, Anne Y1 - 2008/10/12/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 Oct 12 KW - Lithium KW - Intercalation KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42079722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.atitle=First-Principles+Study+of+Lithium+Intercalation+into+Doped+Crystalline+MoO3+and+MoS2&rft.au=Kim%2C+Yong-Hyun%3BKang%2C+Joongoo%3BLee%2C+Sehee%3BDillon%2C+Anne&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Yong-Hyun&rft.date=2008-10-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2008+Fall+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+of+Japan+and+214th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society+%28PRiME+2008%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/214/mas_802/reportSymposi umList.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-05 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Understanding Char and Terra Preta Soil Chemistry from Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometric Analysis T2 - 2008 Joint Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America (GSA), Soil Science Society of America (SSSA), American Society of Agronomy (ASA), Crop Science Society of America (CSSA), and the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies with the Gulf Coast Section of SEPM (GCAGS) AN - 42069960; 4971024 JF - 2008 Joint Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America (GSA), Soil Science Society of America (SSSA), American Society of Agronomy (ASA), Crop Science Society of America (CSSA), and the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies with the Gulf Coast Section of SEPM (GCAGS) AU - Magrini, Kim AU - Czernik, Stefan AU - Evans, Robert Y1 - 2008/10/05/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 Oct 05 KW - Soil chemistry KW - Pyrolysis KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42069960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2008+Joint+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America+%28GSA%29%2C+Soil+Science+Society+of+America+%28SSSA%29%2C+American+Society+of+Agronomy+%28ASA%29%2C+Crop+Science+Society+of+America+%28CSSA%29%2C+and+the+Gulf+Coast+Association+of+Geological+Societies+with+the+Gulf+Coast+Section+of+SEPM+%28GCAGS%29&rft.atitle=Understanding+Char+and+Terra+Preta+Soil+Chemistry+from+Pyrolysis+Mass+Spectrometric+Analysis&rft.au=Magrini%2C+Kim%3BCzernik%2C+Stefan%3BEvans%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Magrini&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft.date=2008-10-05&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2008+Joint+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America+%28GSA%29%2C+Soil+Science+Society+of+America+%28SSSA%29%2C+American+Society+of+Agronomy+%28ASA%29%2C+Crop+Science+Society+of+America+%28CSSA%29%2C+and+the+Gulf+Coast+Association+of+Geological+Societies+with+the+Gulf+Coast+Section+of+SEPM+%28GCAGS%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://www.acsmeetings.org/2008/programs/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-05 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Relation of Pyrolysis Processes to Charcoal Chemical and Physical Properties T2 - 2008 Joint Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America (GSA), Soil Science Society of America (SSSA), American Society of Agronomy (ASA), Crop Science Society of America (CSSA), and the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies with the Gulf Coast Section of SEPM (GCAGS) AN - 41140360; 4970723 JF - 2008 Joint Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America (GSA), Soil Science Society of America (SSSA), American Society of Agronomy (ASA), Crop Science Society of America (CSSA), and the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies with the Gulf Coast Section of SEPM (GCAGS) AU - Evans, Robert J Y1 - 2008/10/05/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 Oct 05 KW - Charcoal KW - Pyrolysis KW - Physical properties KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41140360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2008+Joint+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America+%28GSA%29%2C+Soil+Science+Society+of+America+%28SSSA%29%2C+American+Society+of+Agronomy+%28ASA%29%2C+Crop+Science+Society+of+America+%28CSSA%29%2C+and+the+Gulf+Coast+Association+of+Geological+Societies+with+the+Gulf+Coast+Section+of+SEPM+%28GCAGS%29&rft.atitle=The+Relation+of+Pyrolysis+Processes+to+Charcoal+Chemical+and+Physical+Properties&rft.au=Evans%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2008-10-05&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2008+Joint+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America+%28GSA%29%2C+Soil+Science+Society+of+America+%28SSSA%29%2C+American+Society+of+Agronomy+%28ASA%29%2C+Crop+Science+Society+of+America+%28CSSA%29%2C+and+the+Gulf+Coast+Association+of+Geological+Societies+with+the+Gulf+Coast+Section+of+SEPM+%28GCAGS%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://www.acsmeetings.org/2008/programs/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-05 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling sucrose hydrolysis in dilute sulfuric acid solutions at pretreatment conditions for lignocellulosic biomass AN - 21038609; 8569840 AB - Agricultural and herbaceous feedstocks may contain appreciable levels of sucrose. The goal of this study was to evaluate the survivability of sucrose and its hydrolysis products, fructose and glucose, during dilute sulfuric acid processing at conditions typically used to pretreat lignocellulose biomass. Solutions containing 25 g/l sucrose with 0.1-2.0% (w/w) sulfuric acid concentrations were treated at temperatures of 160-200 degree C for 3-12 min. Sucrose was observed to completely hydrolyze at all treatment conditions. However, appreciable concentrations of fructose and glucose were detected and glucose was found to be significantly more stable than fructose. Different mathematical approaches were used to fit the kinetic parameters for acid- catalyzed thermal degradation of these sugars. Since both sugars may survive dilute acid pretreatment, they could provide an additional carbon source for production of ethanol and other bio-based products. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Bower, Shane AU - Wickramasinghe, Ranil AU - Nagle, Nicholas J AU - Schell, Daniel J AD - Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA, dan_schell@nrel.gov Y1 - 2008/10// PY - 2008 DA - Oct 2008 SP - 7354 EP - 7362 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 99 IS - 15 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Arrhenius kinetics KW - Corn stover KW - Degradation KW - Fructose KW - Glucose KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Carbon sources KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - lignocellulose KW - Sucrose KW - Kinetics KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Ethanol KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21038609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Modeling+sucrose+hydrolysis+in+dilute+sulfuric+acid+solutions+at+pretreatment+conditions+for+lignocellulosic+biomass&rft.au=Bower%2C+Shane%3BWickramasinghe%2C+Ranil%3BNagle%2C+Nicholas+J%3BSchell%2C+Daniel+J&rft.aulast=Bower&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=7354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2007.05.045 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; lignocellulose; Sugar; Kinetics; Sucrose; Fructose; Sulfuric acid; Glucose; Carbon sources; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.045 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple exciton generation in semiconductor nanocrystals: Toward efficient solar energy conversion AN - 1692342159; 13374783 AB - Within the range of photon energies illuminating the Earth's surface, absorption of a photon by a conventional photovoltaic semiconductor device results in the production of a single electron-hole pair; energy of a photon in excess of the semiconductor's bandgap is efficiently converted to heat through interactions between the electron and hole with the crystal lattice. Recently, colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals and nanocrystal films have been shown to exhibit efficient multiple electron-hole pair generation from a single photon with energy greater than twice the effective band gap. This multiple carrier pair process, referred to as multiple exciton generation (MEG), represents one route to reducing the thermal loss in semiconductor solar cells and may lead to the development of low cost, high efficiency solar energy devices. We review the current experimental and theoretical understanding of MEG, and provide views to the near-term future for both fundamental research and the development of working devices which exploit MEG. JF - Laser & Photonics Reviews AU - Beard, M C AU - Ellingson, R J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA matt_beard@nrel.gov Y1 - 2008/10// PY - 2008 DA - Oct 2008 SP - 377 EP - 399 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 2 IS - 5 SN - 1863-8880, 1863-8880 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Photons KW - Direct power generation KW - Solar cells KW - Nanocrystals KW - Devices KW - Semiconductors KW - Excitation KW - Photovoltaic cells UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1692342159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Laser+%26+Photonics+Reviews&rft.atitle=Multiple+exciton+generation+in+semiconductor+nanocrystals%3A+Toward+efficient+solar+energy+conversion&rft.au=Beard%2C+M+C%3BEllingson%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Laser+%26+Photonics+Reviews&rft.issn=18638880&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Flpor.200810013 L2 - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120779832/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-07-01 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.200810013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land-use requirements and the per-capita solar footprint for photovoltaic generation in the United States AN - 36968366; 3772490 AB - In this report, we estimate the state-by-state per-capita 'solar electric footprint' for the United States, defined as the land area required to supply all end-use electricity from solar photovoltaics (PV). We find that the overall average solar electric footprint is about 181m2 per person in a base case scenario, with a state- and scenario-dependant range from about 50 to over 450m2 per person. Two key factors that influence the magnitude of the state-level solar electric footprint include how industrial energy is allocated (based on location of use vs. where goods are consumed) and the assumed distribution of PV configurations (flat rooftop vs. fixed tilt vs. tracking). We also compare the solar electric footprint to a number of other land uses. For example, we find that the base case solar electric footprint is equal to less than 2% of the land dedicated to cropland and grazing in the United States, and less than the current amount of land used for corn ethanol production. All rights reserved, Elsevier JF - Energy policy AU - Denholm, Paul AU - Margolis, R M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA Y1 - 2008/09// PY - 2008 DA - Sep 2008 SP - 3531 EP - 3543 VL - 36 IS - 9 SN - 0301-4215, 0301-4215 KW - Economics KW - Ecology KW - Distribution KW - Resource allocation KW - U.S.A. KW - Solar energy KW - Power supply KW - Land use KW - Power generation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36968366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+policy&rft.atitle=Land-use+requirements+and+the+per-capita+solar+footprint+for+photovoltaic+generation+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Denholm%2C+Paul%3BMargolis%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Denholm&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2008-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+policy&rft.issn=03014215&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enpol.2008.05.035 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 12059 4246; 9971 4163 4246; 7217 7201 4025; 3858; 3641 12233; 10955 10961 7625; 9977 12401; 433 293 14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.05.035 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterologous expression of glycosyl hydrolases in planta: a new departure for biofuels AN - 20856159; 8374344 AB - The concept of expressing non-plant glycosyl hydrolase genes in plant tissue is nearly two decades old, yet relatively little work in this field has been reported. However, resurgent interest in technologies aimed at enabling processes that convert biomass to sugars and fuels has turned attention toward this intuitive solution. There are several challenges facing researchers in this field, including the development of better and more specifically targeted delivery systems for hydrolytic genes, the successful folding and post-translational modification of heterologous proteins and the development of cost-effective process strategies utilizing these transformed plants. The integration of these concepts, from the improvement of biomass production and conversion characteristics to the heterologous production of glycosyl hydrolases in a high yielding bioenergy crop, holds considerable promise for improving the lignocellulosic conversion of biomass to ethanol and subsequently to fuels. JF - Trends in Biotechnology AU - Taylor, LE AU - Dai, Z AU - Decker AU - Brunecky, R AU - Adney, W S AU - Ding, SY AU - Himmel, ME AD - 1617 Cole Blvd, Mike_Himmel@nrel.gov Y1 - 2008/08// PY - 2008 DA - Aug 2008 SP - 413 EP - 424 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 26 IS - 8 SN - 0167-7799, 0167-7799 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Integration KW - Sugar KW - Post-translation KW - Fuels KW - Reviews KW - Glycosyl hydrolase KW - Biomass KW - Biofuels KW - Crops KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20856159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Heterologous+expression+of+glycosyl+hydrolases+in+planta%3A+a+new+departure+for+biofuels&rft.au=Taylor%2C+LE%3BDai%2C+Z%3BDecker%3BBrunecky%2C+R%3BAdney%2C+W+S%3BDing%2C+SY%3BHimmel%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01677799&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.tibtech.2008.05.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Integration; Post-translation; Reviews; Fuels; Glycosyl hydrolase; Biomass; Crops; Biofuels; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.05.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Refueling availability for alternative fuel vehicle markets: Sufficient urban station coverage AN - 19647181; 8549290 AB - Alternative fuel vehicles can play an important role in addressing the challenges of climate change, energy security, urban air pollution and the continued growth in demand for transportation services. The successful commercialization of alternative fuels for vehicles is contingent upon a number of factors, including vehicle cost and performance. Among fuel infrastructure issues, adequate refueling availability is one of the most fundamental to successful commercialization. A commonly cited source reports 164,300 refueling stations in operation nationwide. However, from the perspective of refueling availability, this nationwide count tends to overstate the number of stations required to support the widespread deployment of alternative fuel vehicles. In terms of spatial distribution, the existing gasoline station networks in many urban areas are more than sufficient. We characterize a sufficient level of urban coverage based upon a subset of cities served by relatively low-density station networks, and estimate that some 51,000 urban stations would be required to provide this sufficient level of coverage to all major urban areas, 33 percent less than our estimate of total urban stations. This improved characterization will be useful for engineering, economic and policy analyses. JF - Energy Policy AU - Melaina, Marc AU - Bremson, Joel AD - Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA, marc_melaina@nrel.gov Y1 - 2008/08// PY - 2008 DA - Aug 2008 SP - 3233 EP - 3241 PB - Elsevier Science, Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 36 IS - 8 SN - 0301-4215, 0301-4215 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Gasoline KW - Fuels KW - Climatic changes KW - security KW - spatial distribution KW - Transportation KW - Economics KW - Urban areas KW - energy policy KW - infrastructure KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19647181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Policy&rft.atitle=Refueling+availability+for+alternative+fuel+vehicle+markets%3A+Sufficient+urban+station+coverage&rft.au=Melaina%2C+Marc%3BBremson%2C+Joel&rft.aulast=Melaina&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Policy&rft.issn=03014215&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enpol.2008.04.025 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fuels; Urban areas; Transportation; Economics; spatial distribution; energy policy; Gasoline; Climatic changes; security; infrastructure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.04.025 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathways for the degradation of organic photovoltaic P3HT:PCBM based devices AN - 21346875; 8270597 AB - We report on studies of device degradation in organic photovoltaic devices based on blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Since delamination, oxidation, and chemical interactions at the metal electrode organic interface have long been posited as degradation pathways in organic electronic devices, we first investigated the stability of & variety of electrodes for devices stored in an inert, dark environment. Second, a set of experiments was designed to separate the effects at the metal/organic interface from the degradation of the active layer or the hole extraction interface. To do this, Ca/Al electrodes were deposited to complete half of a substrate's devices, and samples were left both under constant illumination and 10% illumination (10% duty cycle of 1 sun illumination) in a glovebox environment. After more than 200 h of measurement, additional electrodes were deposited and device performance of each set was compared. Third, to assess the degree of degradation caused by photo-induced processes, device stability in an inert atmosphere under constant illumination, and 10% illumination conditions was also investigated. Last, various degradation mitigation strategies in air under constant illumination were explored. The results showed that the active layer itself is not inherently unstable on the timescales studied here. Choosing the appropriate electrode (Ca/Al) reduced interfacial degradation, storing the active layer in an inert, dark environment did not cause significant degradation, and storing the active layer under constant illumination caused only a limited reduction in performance. Our results indicate that the metal/organic interface can be a significant source of degradation in the devices, and we discuss approaches that could reduce this instability. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Reese, MO AU - Morfa, A J AU - White AU - Kopidakis, N AU - Shaheen, SE AU - Rumbles, G AU - Ginley, D S AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd Golden, CO 80401, USA, matthew_reese@nrel.gov Y1 - 2008/07// PY - 2008 DA - Jul 2008 SP - 746 EP - 752 VL - 92 IS - 7 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Pollution Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21346875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Pathways+for+the+degradation+of+organic+photovoltaic+P3HT%3APCBM+based+devices&rft.au=Reese%2C+MO%3BMorfa%2C+A+J%3BWhite%3BKopidakis%2C+N%3BShaheen%2C+SE%3BRumbles%2C+G%3BGinley%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Reese&rft.aufirst=MO&rft.date=2008-07-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=746&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2008.01.020 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2008.01.020 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synergistic enhancement of cellobiohydrolase performance on pretreated corn stover by addition of xylanase and esterase activities AN - 19895692; 8769664 AB - Significant increases in the depolymerization of corn stover cellulose by cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) from Trichoderma reesei were observed using small quantities of non-cellulolytic cell wall-degrading enzymes. Purified endoxylanase (XynA), ferulic acid esterase (FaeA), and acetyl xylan esterase (Axe1) all enhanced Cel7A performance on corn stover subjected to hot water pretreatment. In all cases, the addition of these activities improved the effectiveness of the enzymatic hydrolysis in terms of the quantity of cellulose converted per milligram of total protein. Improvement in cellobiose release by the addition of the non-cellulolytic enzymes ranged from a 13-84% increase over Cel7A alone. The most effective combinations included the addition of both XynA and Axe1, which synergistically enhance xylan conversions resulting in additional synergistic improvements in glucan conversion. Additionally, we note a direct relationship between enzymatic xylan removal in the presence of XynA and the enhancement of cellulose hydrolysis by Cel7A. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Selig, Michael J AU - Knoshaug, Eric P AU - Adney, William S AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Decker, Stephen R AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemical and BioSciences Center, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, United States, michael_selig@nrel.gov Y1 - 2008/07// PY - 2008 DA - Jul 2008 SP - 4997 EP - 5005 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 99 IS - 11 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Lignocellulosic KW - Pretreatment KW - Cellulase KW - Xylanase KW - Esterase KW - Cellobiohydrolase I KW - Depolymerization KW - cellobiose KW - esterase KW - Cellulose KW - Enzymes KW - XynA protein KW - Ferulic acid KW - Hydrolysis KW - cellobiohydrolase KW - Xylan endo-1,3- beta -xylosidase KW - Xylan KW - Hypocrea jecorina KW - glucans KW - W 30940:Products KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19895692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Synergistic+enhancement+of+cellobiohydrolase+performance+on+pretreated+corn+stover+by+addition+of+xylanase+and+esterase+activities&rft.au=Selig%2C+Michael+J%3BKnoshaug%2C+Eric+P%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R&rft.aulast=Selig&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2008-07-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4997&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2007.09.064 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cellobiohydrolase I; cellobiose; Depolymerization; esterase; Cellulose; Enzymes; XynA protein; Ferulic acid; Hydrolysis; cellobiohydrolase; Xylan endo-1,3- beta -xylosidase; Xylan; glucans; Hypocrea jecorina DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.064 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modal Dynamics of Large Wind Turbines with different Support Structures T2 - 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2008) AN - 40966555; 4867150 JF - 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2008) AU - Bir, Gunjit AU - Jonkman, Jason Y1 - 2008/06/15/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 Jun 15 KW - Wind energy KW - Turbines KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40966555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=27th+International+Conference+on+Offshore+Mechanics+and+Arctic+Engineering+%28OMAE+2008%29&rft.atitle=Modal+Dynamics+of+Large+Wind+Turbines+with+different+Support+Structures&rft.au=Bir%2C+Gunjit%3BJonkman%2C+Jason&rft.aulast=Bir&rft.aufirst=Gunjit&rft.date=2008-06-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=27th+International+Conference+on+Offshore+Mechanics+and+Arctic+Engineering+%28OMAE+2008%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/OMAE08/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A biophysical perspective on the cellulosome: new opportunities for biomass conversion AN - 745712887; 12979108 AB - The cellulosome is a multiprotein complex, produced primarily by anaerobic microorganisms, which functions to degrade lignocellulosic materials. An important topic of current debate is whether cellulosomal systems display greater ability to deconstruct complex biomass materials (e.g. plant cell walls) than nonaggregated enzymes, and in so doing would be appropriate for improved, commercial bioconversion processes. To sufficiently understand the complex macromolecular processes between plant cell wall polymers, cellulolytic microbes, and their secreted enzymes, a highly concerted research approach is required. Adaptation of existing biophysical techniques and development of new science tools must be applied to this system. This review focuses on strategies likely to permit improved understanding of the bacterial cellulosome using biophysical approaches, with emphasis on advanced imaging and computational techniques. JF - Current Opinion in Biotechnology AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Xu, Qi AU - Crowley, Michael AU - Zeng, Yining AU - Nimlos, Mark AU - Lamed, Raphael AU - Bayer, Edward A AU - Himmel, Michael E AD - Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA, shi_you_ding@nrel.gov Y1 - 2008/06// PY - 2008 DA - Jun 2008 SP - 218 EP - 227 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - cellulosomes KW - Macromolecules KW - Adaptations KW - Plant cells KW - Reviews KW - bioconversion KW - Enzymes KW - Anaerobic microorganisms KW - Biomass KW - Computer applications KW - imaging KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - W 30910:Imaging KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745712887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=A+biophysical+perspective+on+the+cellulosome%3A+new+opportunities+for+biomass+conversion&rft.au=Ding%2C+Shi-You%3BXu%2C+Qi%3BCrowley%2C+Michael%3BZeng%2C+Yining%3BNimlos%2C+Mark%3BLamed%2C+Raphael%3BBayer%2C+Edward+A%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=Shi-You&rft.date=2008-06-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.copbio.2008.04.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macromolecules; cellulosomes; Adaptations; Plant cells; Reviews; bioconversion; Enzymes; Anaerobic microorganisms; Computer applications; Biomass; imaging DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2008.04.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications of carbon cap-and-trade for US voluntary renewable energy markets AN - 20044488; 8549178 AB - Many consumers today are purchasing renewable energy in large part for the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions benefits that they provide. Emerging carbon regulation in the US has the potential to affect existing markets for renewable energy. Carbon cap-and-trade programs are now under development in the Northeast under the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) and in early stages of development in the West and Midwest. There is increasing discussion about carbon regulation at the national level as well. While renewable energy will likely benefit from carbon cap-and-trade programs because compliance with the cap will increase the costs of fossil fuel generation, cap-and-trade programs can also impact the ability of renewable energy generation to affect overall CO2 emissions levels and obtain value for those emissions benefits. This paper summarizes key issues for renewable energy markets that are emerging with carbon regulation, such as the implications for emissions benefits claims and voluntary market demand and the use of renewable energy certificates (RECs) in multiple markets. It also explores policy options under consideration for designing carbon policies to enable carbon markets and renewable energy markets to work together. JF - Energy Policy AU - Bird, Lori A AU - Holt, Edward AU - Carroll, Ghita Levenstein AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA, lori_bird@nrel.gov Y1 - 2008/06// PY - 2008 DA - Jun 2008 SP - 2063 EP - 2073 PB - Elsevier Science, Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0301-4215, 0301-4215 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Compliance KW - Emissions KW - Fossil fuels KW - USA KW - energy policy KW - Renewable energy KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Greenhouse gases KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20044488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Policy&rft.atitle=Implications+of+carbon+cap-and-trade+for+US+voluntary+renewable+energy+markets&rft.au=Bird%2C+Lori+A%3BHolt%2C+Edward%3BCarroll%2C+Ghita+Levenstein&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.date=2008-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2063&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Policy&rft.issn=03014215&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enpol.2008.02.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Renewable energy; Emissions; Greenhouse gases; Compliance; Fossil fuels; energy policy; Carbon dioxide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.02.009 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Performance of Zymomonas mobilis 8b on Ammonium Hydroxide Conditioned Dilute Acid Pretreated Corn Stover in Various Process Configurations T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 41018498; 4889387 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - Jennings, E W AU - Evans, K E AU - Mohagheghi, A AU - Dowe, N AU - Schell, D J Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - Corn KW - Hydroxides KW - Ammonium KW - Zymomonas mobilis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41018498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=Performance+of+Zymomonas+mobilis+8b+on+Ammonium+Hydroxide+Conditioned+Dilute+Acid+Pretreated+Corn+Stover+in+Various+Process+Configurations&rft.au=Jennings%2C+E+W%3BEvans%2C+K+E%3BMohagheghi%2C+A%3BDowe%2C+N%3BSchell%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Achieving High Xylose Yields from Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Corn Stover Under Process Relevant Conditions T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 41015800; 4889402 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - Weiss, N D AU - Nagle, N J AU - Tucker, M P AU - Elander, R T Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - Corn KW - Xylose UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41015800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=Achieving+High+Xylose+Yields+from+Dilute+Acid+Pretreatment+of+Corn+Stover+Under+Process+Relevant+Conditions&rft.au=Weiss%2C+N+D%3BNagle%2C+N+J%3BTucker%2C+M+P%3BElander%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Heterologous Expression of the XynA Endoxylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus in Zymomonas mobilis T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 41013366; 4889362 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - Linger, J G AU - Adney, W S AU - Zhang, M AU - Darzins, A Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - XynA protein KW - Thermomyces lanuginosus KW - Zymomonas mobilis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41013366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=Heterologous+Expression+of+the+XynA+Endoxylanase+from+Thermomyces+lanuginosus+in+Zymomonas+mobilis&rft.au=Linger%2C+J+G%3BAdney%2C+W+S%3BZhang%2C+M%3BDarzins%2C+A&rft.aulast=Linger&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Co-Culture Fermentation to Produce Ethanol from Dilute Acid Pretreated Corn Stover T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 41010984; 4889366 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - McMillen, G A AU - Lowell, A C AU - Dowe, N S AU - Schell, D J Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - Ethanol KW - Fermentation KW - Corn UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41010984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=Co-Culture+Fermentation+to+Produce+Ethanol+from+Dilute+Acid+Pretreated+Corn+Stover&rft.au=McMillen%2C+G+A%3BLowell%2C+A+C%3BDowe%2C+N+S%3BSchell%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=McMillen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Effect of Lignin Removal by Alkaline Peroxide Pretreatment on the Susceptibility of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Individual Cellulolytic and Hemicellulolytic Enzymes T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 41007546; 4889400 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - Selig, M J AU - Decker, S R AU - Himmel, M E Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - Biomass KW - Enzymes KW - Lignin KW - Peroxide UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41007546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+Lignin+Removal+by+Alkaline+Peroxide+Pretreatment+on+the+Susceptibility+of+Lignocellulosic+Biomass+to+Individual+Cellulolytic+and+Hemicellulolytic+Enzymes&rft.au=Selig%2C+M+J%3BDecker%2C+S+R%3BHimmel%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Selig&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Butanol Tolerance in a Selection of Microorganisms T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 41006707; 4889116 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - Knoshaug, E P AU - Zhang, M Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - Microorganisms KW - Butanol UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41006707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=Butanol+Tolerance+in+a+Selection+of+Microorganisms&rft.au=Knoshaug%2C+E+P%3BZhang%2C+M&rft.aulast=Knoshaug&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Exploring Advanced Characterization Tools to Study the Structure of the Plant Cell Wall at the Submicron Scale T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 41006145; 4889214 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - Yarbrough, J M AU - Himmel, M E AU - Ding, S Y AU - Chandler, E AU - Amir, W AU - Squier, J A Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - Plant cells KW - Cell walls UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41006145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=Exploring+Advanced+Characterization+Tools+to+Study+the+Structure+of+the+Plant+Cell+Wall+at+the+Submicron+Scale&rft.au=Yarbrough%2C+J+M%3BHimmel%2C+M+E%3BDing%2C+S+Y%3BChandler%2C+E%3BAmir%2C+W%3BSquier%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Yarbrough&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Process Modeling Results of Various Leading Pretreatment Technologies for Corn Stover and Hybrid Poplar T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 41004151; 4889174 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - Elander, R T AU - Eggeman, T Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - Corn KW - Hybrids KW - Technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41004151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=Process+Modeling+Results+of+Various+Leading+Pretreatment+Technologies+for+Corn+Stover+and+Hybrid+Poplar&rft.au=Elander%2C+R+T%3BEggeman%2C+T&rft.aulast=Elander&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Kinetics of Xylose Reversion Reactions During Acid Pretreatment T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 41002683; 4889168 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - Pilath, H M AU - Nimlos, M R AU - Himmel, M E AU - Johnson, D K Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - Kinetics KW - Xylose KW - Reversion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41002683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=Kinetics+of+Xylose+Reversion+Reactions+During+Acid+Pretreatment&rft.au=Pilath%2C+H+M%3BNimlos%2C+M+R%3BHimmel%2C+M+E%3BJohnson%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Pilath&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Detecting Cellulase Penetration into Corn Stover Cell Walls by Immuno-Electron Microscopy T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 41002179; 4889216 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - Donohoe, B S AU - Selig, M J AU - Viamajala, S AU - Decker, S R AU - Adney, W S AU - Himmel, M E Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - Corn KW - Microscopy KW - Cell walls KW - Cellulase KW - Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41002179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=Detecting+Cellulase+Penetration+into+Corn+Stover+Cell+Walls+by+Immuno-Electron+Microscopy&rft.au=Donohoe%2C+B+S%3BSelig%2C+M+J%3BViamajala%2C+S%3BDecker%2C+S+R%3BAdney%2C+W+S%3BHimmel%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Donohoe&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Enzymatic Saccharification of Xylooligomeric Compounds Present in Hydrolysates from Neutral and Acidic Pretreatments of Lignocellulosic Biomass T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 41001347; 4889321 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - Selig, M J AU - Michener, W AU - Brunecky, R AU - Sluiter, J AU - Decker, S R Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41001347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=Enzymatic+Saccharification+of+Xylooligomeric+Compounds+Present+in+Hydrolysates+from+Neutral+and+Acidic+Pretreatments+of+Lignocellulosic+Biomass&rft.au=Selig%2C+M+J%3BMichener%2C+W%3BBrunecky%2C+R%3BSluiter%2C+J%3BDecker%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Selig&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparing Performance of Several Commercially Available Cellulases on Pretreated Corn Stover T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 41001267; 4889309 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - Mohagheghi, A AU - Dowe, N AU - Schell, D J Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - Corn KW - Cellulase KW - Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/41001267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=Comparing+Performance+of+Several+Commercially+Available+Cellulases+on+Pretreated+Corn+Stover&rft.au=Mohagheghi%2C+A%3BDowe%2C+N%3BSchell%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Mohagheghi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Factors Affecting Lignin/Protein Measurements in Dilute Sulfuric Acid Treated Herbaceous Feedstocks T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 40998942; 4889177 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - Katahira, R AU - Templeton, D W AU - Schell, D J AU - Davis, M F Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Lignin UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40998942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=Factors+Affecting+Lignin%2FProtein+Measurements+in+Dilute+Sulfuric+Acid+Treated+Herbaceous+Feedstocks&rft.au=Katahira%2C+R%3BTempleton%2C+D+W%3BSchell%2C+D+J%3BDavis%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Katahira&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Xylan Redistribution During Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Corn Stover T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 40998432; 4889175 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - Brunecky, R AU - Vinzant, T B AU - Himmel, M E AU - Johnson, D K AU - Porter, S E Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - Corn KW - Xylan UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40998432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=Xylan+Redistribution+During+Dilute+Acid+Pretreatment+of+Corn+Stover&rft.au=Brunecky%2C+R%3BVinzant%2C+T+B%3BHimmel%2C+M+E%3BJohnson%2C+D+K%3BPorter%2C+S+E&rft.aulast=Brunecky&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A Comparison of Rigorous Process and Economic Data for Biochemical and Thermochemical Ethanol Production Technologies T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 40997115; 4889222 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - Aden, A AU - Foust, T Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - Ethanol KW - Economics KW - Biochemistry KW - Technology KW - Data processing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40997115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=A+Comparison+of+Rigorous+Process+and+Economic+Data+for+Biochemical+and+Thermochemical+Ethanol+Production+Technologies&rft.au=Aden%2C+A%3BFoust%2C+T&rft.aulast=Aden&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Preparation and Characterization of Modified Cellulose Substrates for Cellulase Digestion Studies T2 - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 40997049; 4889205 JF - 30th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AU - Park, S AU - Katahira, R AU - Black, S AU - Himmel, M E AU - Johnson, D K Y1 - 2008/05/04/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 May 04 KW - Cellulose KW - Digestion KW - Cellulase KW - Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40997049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.atitle=Preparation+and+Characterization+of+Modified+Cellulose+Substrates+for+Cellulase+Digestion+Studies&rft.au=Park%2C+S%3BKatahira%2C+R%3BBlack%2C+S%3BHimmel%2C+M+E%3BJohnson%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2008-05-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Symposium+on+Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.simhq.org/meetings/30symp/30SympProgramFront.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-25 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prolongation of H sub(2) photoproduction by immobilized, sulfur-limited Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures AN - 20915495; 8289231 AB - Two approaches to prolong the duration of hydrogen production by immobilized, sulfur-limited Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells are examined. The results demonstrate that continuous H sub(2) photoproduction can occur for at least 90 days under constant flow of TAP medium containing micromolar sulfate concentrations. Furthermore, it is also possible to prolong the duration of H sub(2) production by cycling immobilized cells between minus and plus sulfate conditions. JF - Journal of Biotechnology AU - Laurinavichene, T V AU - Kosourov, S N AU - Ghirardi, M L AU - Seibert, M AU - Tsygankov, A A AD - CO 80401 USA, mike_seibert@nrel.gov Y1 - 2008/04/30/ PY - 2008 DA - 2008 Apr 30 SP - 275 EP - 277 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 134 IS - 3-4 SN - 0168-1656, 0168-1656 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Chlorophylls KW - Immobilized cells KW - Cell culture KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii KW - Hydrogen KW - Biotechnology KW - Sulfate KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - K 03320:Cell Biology KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20915495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Prolongation+of+H+sub%282%29+photoproduction+by+immobilized%2C+sulfur-limited+Chlamydomonas+reinhardtii+cultures&rft.au=Laurinavichene%2C+T+V%3BKosourov%2C+S+N%3BGhirardi%2C+M+L%3BSeibert%2C+M%3BTsygankov%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Laurinavichene&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2008-04-30&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01681656&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jbiotec.2008.01.006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorophylls; Biotechnology; Immobilized cells; Cell culture; Hydrogen; Sulfate; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.01.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Renewable hydrogen production AN - 19710892; 8127000 AB - The U.S. Department of Energy and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory are developing technologies to produce hydrogen from renewable, sustainable sources. A cost goal of $2.00-$3.00kg-1 of hydrogen has been identified as the range at which delivered hydrogen becomes cost competitive with gasoline for passenger vehicles. Electrolysis of water is a standard commercial technology for producing hydrogen. Using wind and solar resources to produce the electricity for the process creates a renewable system. Biomass-to-hydrogen processes, including gasification, pyrolysis, and fermentation, are less well-developed technologies. These processes offer the possibility of producing hydrogen from energy crops and from biomass materials such as forest residue and municipal sewage. Solar energy can be used to produce hydrogen from water and biomass by several conversion pathways. Concentrated solar energy can generate high temperatures at which thermochemical reactions can be used to split water. Photoelectrochemical water splitting and photobiology are long-term options for producing hydrogen from water using solar energy. All these technologies are in the development stage. JF - International Journal of Energy Research AU - Turner, John AU - Sverdrup, George AU - Mann, Margaret K AU - Maness, Pin-Ching AU - Kroposki, Ben AU - Ghirardi, Maria AU - Evans, Robert J AU - Blake, Dan AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401-3393, U.S.A., george_sverdrup@nrel.gov Y1 - 2008/04// PY - 2008 DA - Apr 2008 SP - 379 EP - 407 PB - John Wiley & Sons, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0363-907X, 0363-907X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Municipal wastewater KW - Gasoline KW - Fermentation KW - Forests KW - Electricity KW - Hydrogen KW - Crops KW - High temperature KW - Forest residues KW - Solar energy KW - Wind KW - Residues KW - Developmental stages KW - Water temperature KW - Biomass KW - Splitting KW - Pyrolysis KW - USA KW - Sewage KW - Renewable energy KW - Energy KW - Electrolysis KW - gasification KW - Research programs KW - high temperature KW - Technology KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19710892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Energy+Research&rft.atitle=Renewable+hydrogen+production&rft.au=Turner%2C+John%3BSverdrup%2C+George%3BMann%2C+Margaret+K%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching%3BKroposki%2C+Ben%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria%3BEvans%2C+Robert+J%3BBlake%2C+Dan&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2008-04-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Energy+Research&rft.issn=0363907X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fer.1372 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fermentation; Gasoline; Developmental stages; Water temperature; Hydrogen; Electricity; Biomass; Splitting; Crops; Pyrolysis; Sewage; Energy; Forest residues; Electrolysis; Wind; Residues; Municipal wastewater; Forests; High temperature; Renewable energy; Solar energy; high temperature; Research programs; gasification; Technology; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.1372 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterologous Expression of Aspergillus niger b-d-Xylosidase (XlnD): Characterization on Lignocellulosic Substrates AN - 21290956; 11902077 AB - The gene encoding a glycosyl hydrolase family 3 xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase, xlnD, was successfully cloned from Aspergillus niger strain ATCC 10864. The recombinant product was expressed in Aspergillus awamori, purified by column chromatography, and verified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, tandem time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectroscopy of tryptic digests. The T sub(max) was determined using differential scanning microcalorimetry (DSC) to be 78.2C; the K sub(m) and k sub(cat) were found to be 255kM and 13.7s super(-1), respectively, using pNP-b-d-xylopyranoside as substrate. End-product inhibition by d-xylose was also verified and shown to be competitive; the K sub(i) for this inhibition was estimated to be 3.3mM. XlnD was shown to efficiently hydrolyze small xylo-oligomers to monomeric xylose, making it a critical hydrolytic activity in cases where xylose is to be recovered from biomass conversion processes. In addition, the presence of the XlnD was shown to synergistically enhance the ability of an endoxylanase, XynA from Thermomyces lanuginosus, to convert xylan present in selected pretreated lignocellulosic substrates. Furthermore, the addition of the XynA/XlnD complex was effective in enhancing the ability of a simplified cellulase complex to convert glucan present in the substrates. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Selig, Michael J AU - Knoshaug, Eric P AU - Decker, Stephen R AU - Baker, John O AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Adney, William S AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemical and Biosciences Center, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO, 80401, USA, michael_selig@nrel.gov Y1 - 2008/03// PY - 2008 DA - Mar 2008 SP - 57 EP - 68 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 146 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Xylose KW - Column chromatography KW - XynA protein KW - Biomass KW - Cellulase KW - Scanning KW - Xylan KW - Thermomyces lanuginosus KW - Glycosyl hydrolase KW - Lasers KW - Aspergillus awamori KW - Ionization KW - Aspergillus niger KW - glucans KW - K 03410:Animal Diseases KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21290956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Heterologous+Expression+of+Aspergillus+niger+b-d-Xylosidase+%28XlnD%29%3A+Characterization+on+Lignocellulosic+Substrates&rft.au=Selig%2C+Michael+J%3BKnoshaug%2C+Eric+P%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R%3BBaker%2C+John+O%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BAdney%2C+William+S&rft.aulast=Selig&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2008-03-01&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12010-007-8069-z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xylose; Scanning; Xylan; Column chromatography; Lasers; Glycosyl hydrolase; XynA protein; Biomass; Ionization; glucans; Cellulase; Thermomyces lanuginosus; Aspergillus awamori; Aspergillus niger DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-007-8069-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterologous Expression of Two Ferulic Acid Esterases from Penicillium funiculosum AN - 20606744; 9317470 AB - Two recombinant ferulic acid esterases from Penicillium funiculosum produced in Aspergillus awamori were evaluated for their ability to improve the digestibility of pretreated corn stover. The genes, faeA and faeB, were cloned from P. funiculosum and expressed in A. awamori using their native signal sequences. Both enzymes contain a catalytic domain connected to a family 1 carbohydrate-binding module by a threonine-rich linker peptide. Interestingly, the carbohydrate binding-module is N-terminal in FaeA and C-terminal in FaeB. The enzymes were purified to homogeneity using column chromatography, and their thermal stability was characterized by differential scanning microcalorimetry. We evaluated both enzymes for their potential to enhance the cellulolytic activity of purified Trichoderma reesei Cel7A on pretreated corn stover. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Knoshaug, Eric P AU - Selig, Michael J AU - Baker, John O AU - Decker, Stephen R AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Adney, William S AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA, eric_knoshaug@nrel.gov Y1 - 2008/03// PY - 2008 DA - Mar 2008 SP - 79 EP - 87 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA, [mailto:jchasse@humanapr.com], [URL:http://humanapress.com] VL - 146 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Scanning KW - esterase KW - Digestibility KW - Enzymes KW - Column chromatography KW - Hypocrea jecorina KW - Carbohydrates KW - Thermal stability KW - Aspergillus awamori KW - Ferulic acid KW - Penicillium funiculosum KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20606744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Heterologous+Expression+of+Two+Ferulic+Acid+Esterases+from+Penicillium+funiculosum&rft.au=Knoshaug%2C+Eric+P%3BSelig%2C+Michael+J%3BBaker%2C+John+O%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BAdney%2C+William+S&rft.aulast=Knoshaug&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2008-03-01&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12010-007-8074-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scanning; esterase; Digestibility; Column chromatography; Enzymes; Thermal stability; Carbohydrates; Ferulic acid; Hypocrea jecorina; Aspergillus awamori; Penicillium funiculosum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-007-8074-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A look behind the Texas renewable portfolio standard: a case study AN - 37153235; 3874864 JF - Natural resources journal AU - Hurlbut, David AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2008/01// PY - 2008 DA - Jan 2008 SP - 129 EP - 162 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0028-0739, 0028-0739 KW - Economics KW - U.S.A. KW - Resource management KW - Case studies KW - Portfolio management KW - Natural resources KW - Climate change KW - Texas KW - Electricity KW - Public policy KW - Renewable energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/37153235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+resources+journal&rft.atitle=A+look+behind+the+Texas+renewable+portfolio+standard%3A+a+case+study&rft.au=Hurlbut%2C+David&rft.aulast=Hurlbut&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+resources+journal&rft.issn=00280739&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 10961 7625; 10876 4271; 2056 10902; 9891 7625; 2382 2381 8560 9511 4309 4313; 4163 4246; 10472; 8570; 419 433 293 14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Database for validation of design load extrapolation techniques AN - 20295403; 8904143 AB - Extrapolation techniques used for predicting long-term wind turbine loads have produced highly variable loading estimates dependent on the individual designer implementation. To reduce such variability, more precise definition and validation of these techniques are necessary. As part of a wider effort to test loads extrapolation techniques used in wind turbine design, two data sets were created. The first data set was created as an example typical of what designers use to extrapolate loads according to wind turbine design standards. The second data set was a series of year-long simulations that could be used to quantify the accuracy of extrapolation methods. Due to the large number of simulations, care was taken not to reproduce random samplings in individual time series. Additionally, a grid computing architecture was used to run the simulations in a reasonable time frame. The wind speeds where loads were highest were identified, which varied with loading type. The identification of dominant wind speeds is important to ensure an adequate number of simulations at such speeds, which often influence extrapolated loads. In-plane loads and deflections tended to be dominated by high wind speeds near cut-out wind speed. Out-of-plane loads and deflections were most influenced by winds that were near the rated wind speed. Some loads were influenced by a range of wind speeds. The loads dominated by high wind speeds had greater variability in the extreme values, which could be a reflection of the greatly varying wind and also greater sensitivity to higher energy content of the wind at such speeds. JF - Wind Energy AU - Moriarty, Patrick AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA, patrick_moriarty@nrel.gov Y1 - 2008 PY - 2008 DA - 2008 SP - 559 EP - 576 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 1095-4244, 1095-4244 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Wind energy KW - time series analysis KW - Velocity KW - Simulation KW - Design KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20295403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=Database+for+validation+of+design+load+extrapolation+techniques&rft.au=Moriarty%2C+Patrick&rft.aulast=Moriarty&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10954244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.305 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind energy; time series analysis; Simulation; Velocity; Design DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.305 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety-factor calibration for wind turbine extreme loads AN - 20291281; 8904146 AB - Proper prediction of long-term extreme values for operating wind turbine loads and deflections is a critical component of wind turbine design. Direct observations or simulations of long-term extremes are not yet available; therefore, these predictions rely on some combination of large numbers of simulations and extrapolation. Extrapolation methods themselves can have significant uncertainty, and they also require that the wind turbine designer have a greater level of statistical expertise-factors that make the methods less attractive for industrial application. As an alternative to extrapolation, safety factors can be calibrated using techniques that allow designers to use smaller data sets. To calculate such factors, a series of simulations was used to extrapolate 50 year extreme values for a 5MW wind turbine. Two methods are proposed for calculating such safety factors: one based on the mean and standard deviation of extreme values, and one based on the median of extreme values. Through a process of random sampling without replacement, the safety factor based on the median of extreme values was found to be less variable and also more independent of the number of simulations. The safety factors required were as large as 1.7, or were only 1.25 if rotor thrust loads were considered the dominant design drivers. JF - Wind Energy AU - Moriarty, Patrick AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA, patrick_moriarty@nrel.gov Y1 - 2008 PY - 2008 DA - 2008 SP - 601 EP - 612 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 1095-4244, 1095-4244 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - safety engineering KW - Wind energy KW - Simulation KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20291281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=Safety-factor+calibration+for+wind+turbine+extreme+loads&rft.au=Moriarty%2C+Patrick&rft.aulast=Moriarty&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10954244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.306 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - safety engineering; Wind energy; Simulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.306 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detailed Characterization and Profiles of Crankcase and Diesel Particulate Matter Exhaust Emissions Using Speciated Organics AN - 19581431; 8424228 AB - A monitoring campaign was conducted in August-September 2005 to compare different experimental approaches quantifying school bus self-pollution. As part of this monitoring campaign, a detailed characterization of PM sub(2.5) diesel engine emissions from the tailpipe and crankcase emissions from the road draft tubes was performed. To distinguish between tailpipe and crankcase vent emissions, a deuterated alkane, n-hexatriacontane-d sub(74) (n- C sub(36)D sub(74)) was added to the engine oil to serve as an intentional quantitative tracer for lubricating oil PM emissions. This paper focuses on the detailed chemical speciation of crankcase and tailpipe PM emissions from two school buses used in this study. We found that organic carbon emission rates were generally higher from the crankcase than from the tailpipe for these two school buses, while elemental carbon contributed significantly only in the tailpipe emissions. The n-C sub(36)D sub(74) that was added to the engine oil was emitted at higher rates from the crankcase than the tailpipe. Tracers of engine oil (hopanes and steranes) were present in much higher proportion in crankcase emissions. Particle-associated PAH emission rates were generally very low (<1 kg/km), but more PAH species were present in crankcase than in tailpipe emissions. The speciation of samples collected in the bus cabins was consistent with most of the bus self-pollution originating from crankcase emissions. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Weaver, Christopher S AU - Campbell, David AU - Lawson, Douglas R AU - Davey, Mark AU - Hesterberg, Thomas W AU - Liu, L-JSally AU - Larson, Timothy AU - Zielinska, Barbara AU - Ireson, Robert G AD - Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, Nevada 89512-1095, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, Air Quality Management Consulting, Greenbrae, California 94904, Engine Fuel & Emissions Engineering, Inc., Rancho Cordova, California 95742, International Truck and Engine Corporation, Warrenville, Illinois 60555, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Y1 - 2008 PY - 2008 DA - 2008 SP - 5661 EP - 5666 PB - American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St., NW Washington DC 20036 USA VL - 42 IS - 15 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Speciation KW - Organic carbon KW - Particulate matter KW - Environmental sciences KW - Particulates KW - Atmospheric pollution by diesel engines KW - Oil KW - Particulate matter in atmosphere KW - Tracers KW - Carbon KW - Chemical speciation KW - Emissions KW - Exhaust emissions KW - Particle size KW - Alkanes KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Exhausts KW - Air pollution KW - Particulate matter emissions KW - Diesel KW - Diesel engines KW - hopanes KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19581431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Detailed+Characterization+and+Profiles+of+Crankcase+and+Diesel+Particulate+Matter+Exhaust+Emissions+Using+Speciated+Organics&rft.au=Weaver%2C+Christopher+S%3BCampbell%2C+David%3BLawson%2C+Douglas+R%3BDavey%2C+Mark%3BHesterberg%2C+Thomas+W%3BLiu%2C+L-JSally%3BLarson%2C+Timothy%3BZielinska%2C+Barbara%3BIreson%2C+Robert+G&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=5661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes703065h LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alkanes; Oil; Speciation; Tracers; Carbon; Chemical speciation; Particulate matter; Diesel; hopanes; Exhausts; Atmospheric pollution by diesel engines; Particulate matter in atmosphere; Atmospheric pollution; Particulate matter emissions; Environmental sciences; Particle size; Air pollution; Organic carbon; Emissions; Particulates; Diesel engines; Exhaust emissions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es703065h ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of 20% Biodiesel Blends on Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions. T2 - 2007 International Congress on Biodiesel: The Science and The Technologies AN - 40782185; 4784512 JF - 2007 International Congress on Biodiesel: The Science and The Technologies AU - McCormick, R L AU - Williams, A AU - Ireland, J Y1 - 2007/11/05/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Nov 05 KW - Emissions KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40782185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2007+International+Congress+on+Biodiesel%3A+The+Science+and+The+Technologies&rft.atitle=Effects+of+20%25+Biodiesel+Blends+on+Heavy-Duty+Vehicle+Emissions.&rft.au=McCormick%2C+R+L%3BWilliams%2C+A%3BIreland%2C+J&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2007-11-05&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2007+International+Congress+on+Biodiesel%3A+The+Science+and+The+Technologies&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aocs.org/meetings/biodiesel/index.cfm?page=ICB_sessions.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biodiesel Fuel Survey Results for the USA, B100 and B20. T2 - 2007 International Congress on Biodiesel: The Science and The Technologies AN - 40779767; 4784549 JF - 2007 International Congress on Biodiesel: The Science and The Technologies AU - Alleman, T L AU - McCormick, R L Y1 - 2007/11/05/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Nov 05 KW - USA KW - Fuels KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40779767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2007+International+Congress+on+Biodiesel%3A+The+Science+and+The+Technologies&rft.atitle=Biodiesel+Fuel+Survey+Results+for+the+USA%2C+B100+and+B20.&rft.au=Alleman%2C+T+L%3BMcCormick%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Alleman&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2007-11-05&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2007+International+Congress+on+Biodiesel%3A+The+Science+and+The+Technologies&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aocs.org/meetings/biodiesel/index.cfm?page=ICB_sessions.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of Biodiesel Blends on Advanced Emission Control Systems. T2 - 2007 International Congress on Biodiesel: The Science and The Technologies AN - 40779520; 4784510 JF - 2007 International Congress on Biodiesel: The Science and The Technologies AU - Williams, A AU - McCormick, R L AU - Pedersen, D AU - Ireland, J AU - King, C AU - Fang, H Y1 - 2007/11/05/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Nov 05 KW - Emission control KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40779520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2007+International+Congress+on+Biodiesel%3A+The+Science+and+The+Technologies&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Biodiesel+Blends+on+Advanced+Emission+Control+Systems.&rft.au=Williams%2C+A%3BMcCormick%2C+R+L%3BPedersen%2C+D%3BIreland%2C+J%3BKing%2C+C%3BFang%2C+H&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2007-11-05&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2007+International+Congress+on+Biodiesel%3A+The+Science+and+The+Technologies&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aocs.org/meetings/biodiesel/index.cfm?page=ICB_sessions.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atomic resolution modeling of the ferredoxin:[FeFe] hydrogenase complex from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AN - 68396284; 17660315 AB - The [FeFe] hydrogenases HydA1 and HydA2 in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii catalyze the final reaction in a remarkable metabolic pathway allowing this photosynthetic organism to produce H(2) from water in the chloroplast. A [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin is a critical branch point in electron flow from Photosystem I toward a variety of metabolic fates, including proton reduction by hydrogenases. To better understand the binding determinants involved in ferredoxin:hydrogenase interactions, we have modeled Chlamydomonas PetF1 and HydA2 based on amino-acid sequence homology, and produced two promising electron-transfer model complexes by computational docking. To characterize these models, quantitative free energy calculations at atomic resolution were carried out, and detailed analysis of the interprotein interactions undertaken. The protein complex model we propose for ferredoxin:HydA2 interaction is energetically favored over the alternative candidate by 20 kcal/mol. This proposed model of the electron-transfer complex between PetF1 and HydA2 permits a more detailed view of the molecular events leading up to H(2) evolution, and suggests potential mutagenic strategies to modulate electron flow to HydA2. JF - Biophysical journal AU - Chang, Christopher H AU - King, Paul W AU - Ghirardi, Maria L AU - Kim, Kwiseon AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA. christopher_chang@nrel.gov Y1 - 2007/11/01/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Nov 01 SP - 3034 EP - 3045 VL - 93 IS - 9 SN - 0006-3495, 0006-3495 KW - Algal Proteins KW - 0 KW - Ferredoxins KW - Iron-Sulfur Proteins KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - iron hydrogenase KW - EC 1.12.- KW - Hydrogenase KW - EC 1.12.7.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Structural Homology, Protein KW - Animals KW - Thermodynamics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Iron-Sulfur Proteins -- chemistry KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- enzymology KW - Models, Molecular KW - Iron -- chemistry KW - Algal Proteins -- chemistry KW - Ferredoxins -- chemistry KW - Hydrogenase -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68396284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biophysical+journal&rft.atitle=Atomic+resolution+modeling+of+the+ferredoxin%3A%5BFeFe%5D+hydrogenase+complex+from+Chlamydomonas+reinhardtii.&rft.au=Chang%2C+Christopher+H%3BKing%2C+Paul+W%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria+L%3BKim%2C+Kwiseon&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2007-11-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3034&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biophysical+journal&rft.issn=00063495&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2007-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2007-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Eur J Biochem. 2003 Jul;270(13):2750-8 [12823545] Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Jul 1;31(13):3381-5 [12824332] J Comput Chem. 2003 Aug;24(11):1348-56 [12827676] J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun 11;279(24):25711-20 [15082711] Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Jul 1;32(Web Server issue):W665-7 [15215472] J Am Chem Soc. 2003 Jul 30;125(30):9170-8 [15369374] J Mol Biol. 1971 Feb 14;55(3):379-400 [5551392] J Biol Chem. 1981 Aug 10;256(15):7756-63 [7263626] J Biol Chem. 1984 Jul 25;259(14):8832-9 [6746626] J Biol Chem. 1985 Nov 15;260(26):14344-50 [2997205] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1986 Aug 13;851(1):109-22 [3524679] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1987 Feb 1;252(2):426-39 [3028266] Eur J Biochem. 1988 Mar 1;172(2):405-12 [3350005] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 15;89(6):2195-9 [1549581] Eur J Biochem. 1993 Jun 1;214(2):475-81 [8513797] Protein Sci. 1993 Jul;2(7):1126-35 [8102922] Plant Physiol. 1993 Aug;102(4):1349-50 [8278553] J Mol Biol. 1994 Jun 3;239(2):249-75 [8196057] J Bioenerg Biomembr. 1994 Feb;26(1):89-99 [8027025] Biochemistry. 1994 Nov 15;33(45):13321-8 [7947740] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jan 9;93(1):13-20 [8552589] J Mol Graph. 1996 Feb;14(1):33-8, 27-8 [8744570] Proteins. 1995 Dec;23(4):566-79 [8749853] J Mol Biol. 1997 Sep 12;272(1):106-20 [9299341] Eur J Biochem. 1997 Dec 1;250(2):364-8 [9428685] Electrophoresis. 1997 Dec;18(15):2714-23 [9504803] J Mol Biol. 1999 Feb 5;285(5):2177-98 [9925793] Structure. 1999 Jan 15;7(1):13-23 [10368269] Proteins. 1999 May 15;35(3):364-73 [10328272] J Biol Chem. 1999 Oct 8;274(41):29399-405 [10506201] Biochem Soc Trans. 2005 Feb;33(Pt 1):102-4 [15667277] J Mol Graph Model. 2005 Jan;23(4):347-54 [15670955] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Mar 8;102(10):3534-9 [15738403] Inorg Chem. 2005 Jul 11;44(14):4941-6 [15998021] Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Jul 15;1708(3):322-32 [15950924] J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 22;280(29):27319-28 [15917234] FEBS Lett. 2005 Aug 29;579(21):4585-90 [16087182] Structure. 2005 Sep;13(9):1321-9 [16154089] Biochemistry. 2005 Dec 13;44(49):16054-63 [16331965] J Bacteriol. 2006 Mar;188(6):2163-72 [16513746] J Biol Chem. 2006 Apr 14;281(15):10482-8 [16469743] Chem Rev. 2006 May;106(5):1589-615 [16683746] Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1744-5; author reply 1744-5 [16794060] Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1745-6; author reply 1745-6 [16794061] Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2006 Aug;43(4):201-10 [17133763] Inorg Chem. 2007 Jan 8;46(1):108-16 [17198418] J Biol Chem. 2005 Jan 21;280(3):2275-81 [15513928] Biochem Soc Trans. 2005 Feb;33(Pt 1):80-2 [15667271] Plant Physiol. 2000 Jan;122(1):127-36 [10631256] Nat Struct Biol. 2001 Feb;8(2):117-21 [11175898] J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 2;276(9):6125-32 [11096090] J Am Chem Soc. 2001 Apr 25;123(16):3828-9 [11457119] J Am Chem Soc. 2001 Feb 28;123(8):1596-601 [11456758] Biophys J. 2001 Aug;81(2):737-50 [11463622] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Aug 28;98(18):10037-41 [11517324] Plant Physiol. 2001 Nov;127(3):740-8 [11706159] Eur J Biochem. 2002 Feb;269(3):1022-32 [11846805] Plant Cell Physiol. 2003 Feb;44(2):146-55 [12610217] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contaminant occurrence, identification and control in a pilot-scale corn fiber to ethanol conversion process AN - 19884981; 7583128 AB - While interest in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks is increasing, there is still relatively little pilot-plant data and operating experience available for this emerging industry. A series of batch and continuous fermentation runs were performed in a pilot-plant, some lasting up to six weeks, in which corn fiber-derived sugars were fermented to ethanol using glucose-fermenting and recombinant glucose/xylose-fermenting yeasts. However, contamination by Lactobacillus bacteria was a common occurrence during these runs. These contaminating microorganisms were found to readily consume arabinose, a sugar not utilized by the yeast, producing acetic and lactic acids that had a detrimental effect on fermentation performance. The infections were ultimately controlled with the antibiotic virginiamycin, but routine use of antibiotics is cost prohibitive. The severity of the problem encountered during this work is probably due to use of a highly contaminated feedstock. Lignocellulosic conversion facilities will not employ aseptic designs. Instead, techniques similar to those employed in the corn-based fuel ethanol industry to control infections will be used. Effective control may also be possible by using fermentative microorganisms that consume all biomass-derived sugars. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Schell, Daniel J AU - Dowe, Nancy AU - Ibsen, Kelly N AU - Riley, Cynthia J AU - Ruth, Mark F AU - Lumpkin, Robert E AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA, dan_schell@nrel.gov Y1 - 2007/11// PY - 2007 DA - Nov 2007 SP - 2942 EP - 2948 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 98 IS - 15 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Corn fiber KW - Pilot plant KW - Fermentation KW - Contamination KW - Antibiotics KW - Sugar KW - Xylose KW - Data processing KW - Fuels KW - Glucose KW - Virginiamycin KW - Infection KW - Fibers KW - Lactobacillus KW - Lactic acid KW - Arabinose KW - Microorganisms KW - Contaminants KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19884981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Contaminant+occurrence%2C+identification+and+control+in+a+pilot-scale+corn+fiber+to+ethanol+conversion+process&rft.au=Schell%2C+Daniel+J%3BDowe%2C+Nancy%3BIbsen%2C+Kelly+N%3BRiley%2C+Cynthia+J%3BRuth%2C+Mark+F%3BLumpkin%2C+Robert+E&rft.aulast=Schell&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2007-11-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=2942&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2006.10.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Data processing; Xylose; Contamination; Fermentation; Fuels; Glucose; Virginiamycin; Antibiotics; Infection; Fibers; Microorganisms; Arabinose; Lactic acid; Contaminants; Biofuels; Ethanol; Lactobacillus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.002 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - United States Offshore Wind Resource Assessment AN - 21277657; 11696578 AB - The utilization of the offshore wind resource will be necessary if the United States is to meet the goal of having 20% of its electricity generated by wind power because many of the electrical load centers in the country are located along the coastlines. The United States Department of Energy, through its National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), has supported an ongoing project to assess the wind resource for the offshore regions of the contiguous United States including the Great Lakes. Final offshore maps with a horizontal resolution of 200 meters (m) have been completed for Texas, Louisiana, Georgia, northern New England, and the Great Lakes. The ocean wind resource maps extend from the coastline to 50 nautical miles (nm) offshore. The Great Lake maps show the resource for all of the individual lakes. These maps depict the wind resource at 50 m above the water as classes of wind power density. Class 1 represents the lowest available wind resource, while Class 7 is the highest resource. Areas with Class 5 and higher wind resource can be economical for offshore project development. As offshore wind turbine technology improves, areas with Class 4 and higher resource should become economically viable. The wind resource maps are generated using output from a modified numerical weather prediction model combined with a wind flow model. The preliminary modeling is performed by AWS Truewind under subcontract to NREL. The preliminary model estimates are sent to NREL to be validated. NREL validates the preliminary estimates by comparing 50 m model data to available measurements that are extrapolated to 50 m. The validation results are used to modify the preliminary map and produce the final resource map. The sources of offshore wind measurement data include buoys, automated stations, lighthouses, and satellite- derived ocean wind speed data. The wind electric potential is represented as Megawatts (MW) of potential installed capacity and is based on the square kilometers (sq. km) of Class 5 and higher wind resource found in a specific region. NREL uses a factor of 5 MW of installed capacity per sq. km of "windy water" for its raw electric potential calculations. NREL uses Geographic Information System data to break down the offshore wind potential by state, water depth, and distance from shore. The wind potential estimates are based on the updated maps, and on previous offshore resource information for regions where new maps are not available. The estimates are updated as new maps are completed. For example, the updated Texas offshore map shows almost 3000 sq. km of Class 5 resource within 10 nm of shore and nearly 2000 sq. km of Class 5 resource or 10,000 MW of potential installed capacity in water depths of less than 30 m. NREL plans to develop exclusion criteria to further refine the offshore wind potential JF - Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union 2008 Fall Meeting AU - Schwartz, M AU - Haymes, S AU - Heimiller, D Y1 - 2007/10// PY - 2007 DA - Oct 2007 PB - American Geophysical Union KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - M2 551.55:Wind (551.55) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 02261:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21277657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Sustainability+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+M%3BHaymes%2C+S%3BHeimiller%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2007-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=United+States+Offshore+Wind+Resource+Assessment&rft.title=United+States+Offshore+Wind+Resource+Assessment&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - A21E-0222 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Research Needs for Wind Resource Characterization AN - 21259080; 11689965 AB - Currently, wind energy provides about 1 percent of U.S. electricity generation. A recent analysis by DOE, NREL, and AWEA showed the feasibility of expanding U.S. wind energy capacity to 20 percent, comprising approximately 300 gigawatts. Though not a prediction of the future, this represents a plausible scenario for U.S. wind energy. To exploit these opportunities, a workshop on Research Needs for Wind Resource Characterization was held during January 2008. This event was organized on behalf of two DOE organizations; the Office of Biological and Environmental Research and the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Over 120 atmospheric science and wind energy researchers attended the workshop from industry, academia, and federal laboratories in North America and Europe. Attendees identified problems that could impede achieving the 20 percent wind scenario and formulated research recommendations to attack these problems. Findings were structured into four focus areas: 1) Turbine Dynamics, 2) Micrositing and Array Effects, 3) Mesoscale Processes, and 4) Climate Effects. In the Turbine Dynamics area, detailed characterizations of inflows and turbine flow fields were deemed crucial to attaining accuracy levels in aerodynamics loads required for future designs. To address the complexities inherent in this area, an incremental approach involving hierarchical computational modeling and detailed measurements was recommended. Also recommended was work to model extreme and anomalous atmospheric inflow events and aerostructural responses of turbines to these events. The Micrositing and Array Effects area considered improved wake models important for large, multiple row wind plants. Planetary boundary layer research was deemed necessary to accurately determine inflow characteristics in the presence of atmospheric stability effects and complex surface characteristics. Finally, a need was identified to acquire and exploit large wind inflow data sets, covering heights to 200 meters and encompassing spatial and temporal resolution ranges unique to wind energy. The Mesoscale Processes area deemed improved understanding of mesoscale and local flows crucial to providing enhanced model outputs for wind energy production forecasts and wind plant siting. Modeling approaches need to be developed to resolve spatial scales in the 100 to 1000 meter range, a notable gap in current capabilities. Validation of these models will require new instruments and observational strategies, including augmented analyses of existing measurements. In the Climate Effects area, research was recommended to understand historical trends in wind resource variability. This was considered a prerequisite for improved predictions of future wind climate and resources, which would enable reliable wind resource estimation for future planning. Participants also considered it important to characterize interactions between wind plants and climates through modeling and observations that suitably emphasize atmospheric boundary layer dynamics. High-penetration wind energy deployment represents a crucial and attainable U.S. strategic objective. Achieving the 20 percent wind scenario will require an unprecedented ability for characterizing large wind turbines arrayed in gigawatt wind plants and extracting elevated energy levels from the atmosphere. DOE national laboratories, with industry and academia, represents a formidable capability for attaining these objectives. JF - Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union 2008 Fall Meeting AU - Schreck, S J AU - Lundquist, J K AU - Shaw, W J Y1 - 2007/10// PY - 2007 DA - Oct 2007 PB - American Geophysical Union KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M2 551.556:Wind Effects (551.556) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Sustainability+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Schreck%2C+S+J%3BLundquist%2C+J+K%3BShaw%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Schreck&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2007-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Research+Needs+for+Wind+Resource+Characterization&rft.title=Research+Needs+for+Wind+Resource+Characterization&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - A11H-01 INVITED N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Analysis of Wind Characteristics at United States Tall Tower Measurement Sites AN - 21255158; 11696579 AB - A major initiative of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is to ensure that 20% of the country's electricity is produced by wind energy by the year 2030. An understanding of the boundary layer characteristics, especially at elevated heights greater than 80 meters (m) above the surface is a key factor for wind turbine design, wind plant layout, and identifying potential markets for advanced wind technology. The wind resource group at the DOE National Renewable Energy Laboratory is analyzing wind data collected at tall (80+ m) towers across the United States. The towers established by both public and private initiative, measure wind characteristics at multiple levels above the surface, with the highest measurement levels generally between 80 and 110 m. A few locations have measurements above 200 m. Measurements of wind characteristics over a wide range of heights are useful to: (1) characterize the local and regional wind climate; (2) validate wind resource estimates derived from numerical models; and (3) directly assess and analyze specific wind resource characteristics such as wind speed shear over the turbine blade swept area. The majority of the available public tall tower measurement sites are located between the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains. The towers are not evenly distributed among the states. The states with the largest number of towers include Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas. These states have five or six towers collecting data. Other states with multiple tower locations include Texas, Oklahoma, Minnesota, and Ohio. The primary consideration when analyzing the data from the tall towers is identifying tower flow effects that not only can produce slightly misleading average wind speeds, but also significantly misleading wind speed shear values. In addition, the periods-of-record of most tall tower data are only one to two years in length. The short data collection time frame does not significantly affect the diurnal wind speed pattern though it does complicate analysis of seasonal wind patterns. The tall tower data analysis revealed some distinct regional features of wind shear climatology. For example, the wind shear exponent (alpha) at the towers in the Central Plains is generally between 0.15 and 0.25, greater than the commonly used 1/7 power law exponent value of 0.143. Another characteristic of Central Plains wind climatology was that winds from the south had alpha values of 0.2 to 0.3, while northerly winds had lower alpha values from 0.1 to 0.2. The wind resource at a particular tower is affected not only by the regional climatology but also by local conditions such as terrain, surface roughness, and structure of the lower boundary layer. JF - Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union 2008 Fall Meeting AU - Elliott, D AU - Schwartz, M AU - Scott, G AU - Haymes, S Y1 - 2007/10// PY - 2007 DA - Oct 2007 PB - American Geophysical Union KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M2 551.556:Wind Effects (551.556) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21255158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Sustainability+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Elliott%2C+D%3BSchwartz%2C+M%3BScott%2C+G%3BHaymes%2C+S&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2007-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Analysis+of+Wind+Characteristics+at+United+States+Tall+Tower+Measurement+Sites&rft.title=Analysis+of+Wind+Characteristics+at+United+States+Tall+Tower+Measurement+Sites&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - A21E-0223 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water Usage for Current and Future Ethanol Production AN - 20774011; 8207027 AB - The U.S. ethanol industry is growing at an enormous rate. In 2006, almost 5 billion gallons of ethanol were produced, an increase of 1 billion gallons over the previous year. At least 73 corn ethanol plants are currently under construction with eight more undergoing expansion, which will add another 6 billion gallons of new capacity by 2009. President Bush in his 2007 State of the Union Address established his "Twenty in Ten" goal of displacing 20 percent of gasoline in 10 years. This equates to 35 billion gallons of renewable and alternative fuels by 2017. With such rapid growth, water availability, utilization, and quality are key issues that must be addressed. JF - Southwest Hydrology AU - Aden, A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, andy_aden@nrel.gov Y1 - 2007/10// PY - 2007 DA - Oct 2007 SP - 22 EP - 23 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 1552-8383, 1552-8383 KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - USA KW - Gasoline KW - Construction KW - Corn KW - Available Water KW - Capacity KW - Expansion KW - Fuel KW - Water Use KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20774011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwest+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Water+Usage+for+Current+and+Future+Ethanol+Production&rft.au=Aden%2C+A&rft.aulast=Aden&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2007-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwest+Hydrology&rft.issn=15528383&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Construction; Gasoline; Corn; Available Water; Capacity; Expansion; Fuel; Water Use; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photoproduction of hydrogen by sulfur-deprived C. reinhardtii mutants with impaired Photosystem II photochemical activity AN - 19780909; 7622521 AB - Photoproduction of H sub(2) was examined in a series of sulfur-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii D1-R323 mutants with progressively impaired PSII photochemical activity. In the R323H, R323D, and R323E D1 mutants, replacement of arginine affects photosystem II (PSII) function, as demonstrated by progressive decreases in O sub(2)-evolving activity and loss of PSII photochemical activity. Significant changes in PSII activity were found when the arginine residue was replaced by negatively charged amino acid residues (R323D and R323E). However, the R323H (positively charged or neutral, depending on the ambient pH) mutant had minimal changes in PSII activity. The R323H, R323D, and R323E mutants and the pseudo-wild-type (pWt) with restored PSII function were used to study the effects of sulfur deprivation on H sub(2)-production activity. All of these mutants exhibited significant changes in the normal parameters associated with the H sub(2)-photoproduction process, such as a shorter aerobic phase, lower accumulation of starch, a prolonged anaerobic phase observed before the onset of H sub(2)-production, a shorter duration of H sub(2)-production, lower H sub(2) yields compared to the pWt control, and slightly higher production of dark fermentation products such as acetate and formate. The more compromised the PSII photochemical activity, the more dramatic was the effect of sulfur deprivation on the H sub(2)-production process, which depends both on the presence of residual PSII activity and the amount of stored starch. JF - Photosynthesis Research AU - Makarova, Valeria V AU - Kosourov, Sergey AU - Krendeleva, Tatiana E AU - Semin, Boris K AU - Kukarskikh, Galina P AU - Rubin, Andrei B AU - Sayre, Richard T AU - Ghirardi, Maria L AU - Seibert, Michael AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO, 80401, USA, mike_seibert@nrel.gov Y1 - 2007/10// PY - 2007 DA - October 2007 SP - 79 EP - 89 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany, [mailto:subscriptions@springer.de] VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 0166-8595, 0166-8595 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Sulfur KW - Photochemistry KW - Chlorophylls KW - Amino acids KW - Sulphur KW - Photosynthesis KW - Fermentation KW - Arginine KW - Phytoplankton KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii KW - Hydrogen KW - Freshwater KW - Starch KW - Acetic acid KW - pH effects KW - Photosystem II KW - Q1 08481:Productivity KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19780909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photosynthesis+Research&rft.atitle=Photoproduction+of+hydrogen+by+sulfur-deprived+C.+reinhardtii+mutants+with+impaired+Photosystem+II+photochemical+activity&rft.au=Makarova%2C+Valeria+V%3BKosourov%2C+Sergey%3BKrendeleva%2C+Tatiana+E%3BSemin%2C+Boris+K%3BKukarskikh%2C+Galina+P%3BRubin%2C+Andrei+B%3BSayre%2C+Richard+T%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria+L%3BSeibert%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Makarova&rft.aufirst=Valeria&rft.date=2007-10-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photosynthesis+Research&rft.issn=01668595&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11120-007-9219-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photochemistry; Chlorophylls; Sulphur; Photosynthesis; Arginine; Phytoplankton; Photosystem II; Sulfur; Amino acids; Fermentation; Hydrogen; Starch; pH effects; Acetic acid; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11120-007-9219-4 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer: A Challenge for Wind Turbine Operations AN - 1093426354; 11689968 AB - The growth in the installation of very large wind farms has been increasing exponentially. It is not uncommon for such installations to have an aggregate nameplate capacity of 500 MW or more. Currently there are individual wind plants being planned with capacities exceeding 1 GW. While the latest wind turbine designs now provide individual capacities approaching and sometimes exceeding 3 MW, large numbers of such machines will need to be installed and operated in juxtaposition to one another. The challenge for the turbine manufacturers and wind plant designers is to provide an intersection of optimum designs that provides for reliable and efficient wind plant operation while at the same time minimizing the costs of maintenance and repair. Current experience in the operation of large wind plants has shown that a combination of under production and higher maintenance and operation costs are commonplace. The National Wind Technology Center has been involved with developing an understanding of the interaction of atmospheric boundary layer turbulence with operating wind turbines and its operational consequences for almost twenty years. Field measurement campaigns have been employed to acquire very detailed measurements of the turbulent inflow synchronized with the corresponding dynamic responses of operating wind turbines and many of their individual components. The results of this work have identified turbulent conditions associated with the nocturnal or stable atmospheric boundary layer as a being a major source of the structural loads responsible for fatigue accumulation in many wind turbine components. The repetitive nature of various nocturnal turbulence generating processes provides the environment to deliver relatively low levels of loading over a diurnal period. However over longer periods these loads contribute to increased wear and result in shortened component lifetimes. We will provide a brief overview of the atmospheric processes in the stable boundary layer that contribute to this accelerated wear and occasionally are of sufficient severity to cause turbines into fault conditions. We will also discuss what avenues are being investigated to minimize the impact of such conditions in order to improve the operational reliability and lifetime of modern wind turbines. JF - Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union 2008 Fall Meeting AU - Kelley, N D AU - Jonkman, B J Y1 - 2007/10// PY - 2007 DA - Oct 2007 PB - American Geophysical Union KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - American Geophysical Union KW - Atmospheric boundary layer KW - Atmospheric processes KW - Boundary layers KW - Diurnal variations KW - Maintenance KW - Stable boundary layer KW - Technology KW - Turbines KW - Turbulence KW - Wind energy KW - Wind turbines KW - fatigue KW - inflow KW - wear KW - M2 551.551:Atmospheric Turbulence/Variations (551.551) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1093426354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Sustainability+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kelley%2C+N+D%3BJonkman%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2007-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+Stable+Atmospheric+Boundary+Layer%3A+A+Challenge+for+Wind+Turbine+Operations&rft.title=The+Stable+Atmospheric+Boundary+Layer%3A+A+Challenge+for+Wind+Turbine+Operations&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - SuppNotes - A11H-04 INVITED N1 - Last updated - 2012-10-08 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Facilitating Code Reuse for the Rapid Deployment of Web Mapping Applications at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) AN - 1093413463; 11692701 AB - The National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, CO has developed a software platform that provides for the development of fully customized and unique web mapping applications that reuse a common base of software code. The application capabilities that have been developed within this platform include spatial data visualization, large-scale data retrieval and the analysis of various renewable energy resource data-sets. The platform consists of three primary components of reusable co JF - Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union 2008 Fall Meeting AU - Helm, C W AU - Sparks, W AU - Levene, J AU - Hostetler, M Y1 - 2007/10// PY - 2007 DA - Oct 2007 PB - American Geophysical Union KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Computer programs KW - Mapping KW - Renewable energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1093413463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Sustainability+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Helm%2C+C+W%3BSparks%2C+W%3BLevene%2C+J%3BHostetler%2C+M&rft.aulast=Helm&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2007-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Facilitating+Code+Reuse+for+the+Rapid+Deployment+of+Web+Mapping+Applications+at+the+National+Renewable+Energy+Laboratory+%28NREL%29&rft.title=Facilitating+Code+Reuse+for+the+Rapid+Deployment+of+Web+Mapping+Applications+at+the+National+Renewable+Energy+Laboratory+%28NREL%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - IN11A-1022 N1 - Last updated - 2012-10-08 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The disappearance of relict permafrost in boreal North America; effects on peatland carbon storage and fluxes AN - 881453549; 2011-063445 JF - Global Change Biology AU - Turetsky, M R AU - Wieder, R K AU - Vitt, D H AU - Evans, R J AU - Scott, K D Y1 - 2007/09// PY - 2007 DA - September 2007 SP - 1922 EP - 1934 PB - Blackwell Science, Oxford VL - 13 IS - 9 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - peatlands KW - North America KW - terrestrial environment KW - permafrost KW - methane KW - degradation KW - Quaternary KW - sinks KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - global change KW - alkanes KW - Holocene KW - environmental effects KW - climate change KW - carbon dioxide KW - boreal environment KW - Cenozoic KW - organic compounds KW - mires KW - Canada KW - carbon KW - hydrocarbons KW - global warming KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881453549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=The+disappearance+of+relict+permafrost+in+boreal+North+America%3B+effects+on+peatland+carbon+storage+and+fluxes&rft.au=Turetsky%2C+M+R%3BWieder%2C+R+K%3BVitt%2C+D+H%3BEvans%2C+R+J%3BScott%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Turetsky&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2007-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1922&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2486.2007.01381.x L2 - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/gcb LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Based on Publisher-supplied data N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; boreal environment; Canada; carbon; carbon dioxide; Cenozoic; climate change; degradation; environmental effects; global change; global warming; Holocene; hydrocarbons; methane; mires; North America; organic compounds; peatlands; permafrost; Quaternary; sinks; terrestrial environment DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01381.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of biodiesel on pollutant emissions and public health. AN - 68354135; 17917919 AB - An overview of recent studies of the impact of biodiesel and biodiesel blends on air pollutant emissions and health effects is provided. Biodiesel blends of 20% produce reductions of 15% or higher (depending upon engine model and test cycle) in emissions of particulate matter, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, and a group of toxic compounds including vapor-phase hydrocarbons from C1 to C12, aldehydes and ketones up to C8, and selected semivolatile and particle-phase PAH and NPAH. Based on the studies reviewed and recently acquired data, individual engines may show oxides of nitrogen increasing or decreasing, but on average there appears to be no net effect for blends of 20% biodiesel--the most common biodiesel blend. Exhaust from a diesel engine operating on 100% biodiesel was also shown to have only modest adverse effects in an animal exposure study. Studies of the impact of biodiesel on particle size have not produced consistent results and additional research in this area is needed. Biodiesel is also shown to significantly reduce life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions in comparison to petroleum diesel. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - McCormick, Robert L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA. Y1 - 2007/09// PY - 2007 DA - September 2007 SP - 1033 EP - 1039 VL - 19 IS - 12 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Nitrogen Oxides KW - Particulate Matter KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Carbon Monoxide -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Particle Size KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Particulate Matter -- analysis KW - Nitrogen Oxides -- analysis KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis KW - Particulate Matter -- toxicity KW - Public Health KW - Carbon Monoxide -- toxicity KW - Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Nitrogen Oxides -- toxicity KW - Air Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollution -- analysis KW - Air Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Energy-Generating Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68354135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+biodiesel+on+pollutant+emissions+and+public+health.&rft.au=McCormick%2C+Robert+L&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2007-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1033&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=1091-7691&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2007-10-15 N1 - Date created - 2007-10-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microscopic analysis of corn fiber using starch- and cellulose-specific molecular probes AN - 20308734; 7586489 AB - Ethanol is the primary liquid transportation fuel produced from renewable feedstocks in the United States today. The majority of corn grain, the primary feedstock for ethanol production, has been historically processed in wet mills yielding products such as gluten feed, gluten meal, starch, and germ. Starch extracted from the grain is used to produce ethanol in saccharification and fermentation steps; however the extraction of starch is not 100% efficient. To better understand starch extraction during the wet milling process, we have developed fluorescent probes that can be used to visually localize starch and cellulose in samples using confocal microscopy. These probes are based on the binding specificities of two types of carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs), which are small substrate-specific protein domains derived from carbohydrate degrading enzymes. CBMs were fused, using molecular cloning techniques, to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) or to the red fluorescent protein DsRed (RFP). Using these engineered probes, we found that the binding of the starch-specific probe correlates with starch content in corn fiber samples. We also demonstrate that there is starch internally localized in the endosperm that may contribute to the high starch content in corn fiber. We also surprisingly found that the cellulose-specific probe did not bind to most corn fiber samples, but only to corn fiber that had been hydrolyzed using a thermochemical process that removes the residual starch and much of the hemicellulose. Our findings should be of interest to those working to increase the efficiency of the corn grain to ethanol process. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 123-131. JF - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AU - Porter, Stephanie E AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AU - Beery, Kyle E AU - Xu, Qi AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Abbas, Charles A AU - Himmel, Michael E AD - Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, stephanie_porter@nrel.gov Y1 - 2007/09// PY - 2007 DA - Sep 2007 SP - 123 EP - 131 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0006-3592, 0006-3592 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Endosperm KW - Gluten KW - Fermentation KW - Fuels KW - Cellulose KW - Green fluorescent protein KW - Enzymes KW - Starch KW - hemicellulose KW - Fibers KW - red fluorescent protein KW - Confocal microscopy KW - Grain KW - Fluorescent indicators KW - Carbohydrates KW - Ethanol KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20308734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.atitle=Microscopic+analysis+of+corn+fiber+using+starch-+and+cellulose-specific+molecular+probes&rft.au=Porter%2C+Stephanie+E%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon+S%3BBeery%2C+Kyle+E%3BXu%2C+Qi%3BDing%2C+Shi-You%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BAbbas%2C+Charles+A%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.date=2007-09-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.issn=00063592&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbit.21409 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Starch; Fibers; Ethanol; Grain; Carbohydrates; Gluten; Fluorescent indicators; Confocal microscopy; Fermentation; Enzymes; red fluorescent protein; hemicellulose; Fuels; Endosperm; Green fluorescent protein; Cellulose DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.21409 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellulase digestibility of pretreated biomass is limited by cellulose accessibility AN - 19877630; 7586488 AB - Attempts to correlate the physical and chemical properties of biomass to its susceptibility to enzyme digestion are often inconclusive or contradictory depending on variables such as the type of substrate, the pretreatment conditions and measurement techniques. In this study, we present a direct method for measuring the key factors governing cellulose digestibility in a biomass sample by directly probing cellulase binding and activity using a purified cellobiohydrolase (Cel7A) from Trichoderma reesei. Fluorescence-labeled T. reesei Cel7A was used to assay pretreated corn stover samples and pure cellulosic substrates to identify barriers to accessibility by this important component of cellulase preparations. The results showed cellulose conversion improved when T. reesei Cel7A bound in higher concentrations, indicating that the enzyme had greater access to the substrate. Factors such as the pretreatment severity, drying after pretreatment, and cellulose crystallinity were found to directly impact enzyme accessibility. This study provides direct evidence to support the notion that the best pretreatment schemes for rendering biomass more digestible to cellobiohydrolase enzymes are those that improve access to the cellulose in biomass cell walls, as well as those able to reduce the crystallinity of cell wall cellulose. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 112-122. JF - Biotechnology and Bioengineering AU - Jeoh, Tina AU - Ishizawa, Claudia I AU - Davis, Mark F AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Adney, William S AU - Johnson, David K AD - Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, Colorado 80401, David_Johnson@nrel.gov Y1 - 2007/09// PY - 2007 DA - Sep 2007 SP - 112 EP - 122 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0006-3592, 0006-3592 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Digestion KW - Crystallinity KW - Cellulose KW - Digestibility KW - Enzymes KW - Drying KW - Hypocrea jecorina KW - Biomass KW - Cellulase KW - cellobiohydrolase KW - Cell walls KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19877630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.atitle=Cellulase+digestibility+of+pretreated+biomass+is+limited+by+cellulose+accessibility&rft.au=Jeoh%2C+Tina%3BIshizawa%2C+Claudia+I%3BDavis%2C+Mark+F%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BJohnson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Jeoh&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft.date=2007-09-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+and+Bioengineering&rft.issn=00063592&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbit.21408 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Digestion; Crystallinity; Digestibility; Cellulose; Drying; Enzymes; Biomass; cellobiohydrolase; Cellulase; Cell walls; Hypocrea jecorina DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.21408 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Time-Resolved Microwave Photoconductivity Study of P3Ht: Fullerene Bulk Heterojunctions for Organic Photovoltaic Devices T2 - 234th National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AN - 39515882; 4633561 JF - 234th National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AU - Ferguson, Andrew J AU - Kopidakis, Nikos AU - McDonald, Timothy J AU - Piris, Jorge AU - Shaheen, Sean E AU - Heben, Michael J AU - Rumbles, Garry Y1 - 2007/08/19/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Aug 19 KW - Microwave radiation KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39515882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=234th+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Time-Resolved+Microwave+Photoconductivity+Study+of+P3Ht%3A+Fullerene+Bulk+Heterojunctions+for+Organic+Photovoltaic+Devices&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Andrew+J%3BKopidakis%2C+Nikos%3BMcDonald%2C+Timothy+J%3BPiris%2C+Jorge%3BShaheen%2C+Sean+E%3BHeben%2C+Michael+J%3BRumbles%2C+Garry&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2007-08-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=234th+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys2.confex.com/acs/234nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-12-18 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Distributed Reforming of Bio-Oil for Hydrogen Production T2 - 234th National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AN - 39445099; 4633315 JF - 234th National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AU - Evans, Robert J AU - Marda, Jonathan R AU - Czernik, Stefan AU - Dean, Anthony M AU - French, Richard J AU - Ratcliff, Matthew A Y1 - 2007/08/19/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Aug 19 KW - Hydrogen KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39445099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=234th+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Distributed+Reforming+of+Bio-Oil+for+Hydrogen+Production&rft.au=Evans%2C+Robert+J%3BMarda%2C+Jonathan+R%3BCzernik%2C+Stefan%3BDean%2C+Anthony+M%3BFrench%2C+Richard+J%3BRatcliff%2C+Matthew+A&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2007-08-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=234th+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys2.confex.com/acs/234nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-12-18 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Covalently Linked Dimers of 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran: Evidence for Singlet Fission T2 - 234th National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AN - 39438120; 4634682 DE: JF - 234th National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AU - Johnson, Justin C AU - Chen, Xudong AU - Schwerin, Andrew E AU - Havlas, Zdenek AU - Chalupsky, Jakub AU - Popovic, Duska B AU - David, Donald E AU - Rana, Geeta AU - Paci, Irina AU - Ratner, Mark A AU - Michl, Josef AU - Nozik, Arthur J Y1 - 2007/08/19/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Aug 19 KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39438120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=234th+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Covalently+Linked+Dimers+of+1%2C3-Diphenylisobenzofuran%3A+Evidence+for+Singlet+Fission&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Justin+C%3BChen%2C+Xudong%3BSchwerin%2C+Andrew+E%3BHavlas%2C+Zdenek%3BChalupsky%2C+Jakub%3BPopovic%2C+Duska+B%3BDavid%2C+Donald+E%3BRana%2C+Geeta%3BPaci%2C+Irina%3BRatner%2C+Mark+A%3BMichl%2C+Josef%3BNozik%2C+Arthur+J&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft.date=2007-08-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=234th+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys2.confex.com/acs/234nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-12-18 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Algal Biohydrogen Production from Water: A Future Renewable Energy Option T2 - 234th National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AN - 39434355; 4636495 JF - 234th National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AU - Seibert, M Y1 - 2007/08/19/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Aug 19 KW - Renewable energy KW - Algae KW - Conservation KW - Resource management KW - Environment management KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39434355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=234th+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Algal+Biohydrogen+Production+from+Water%3A+A+Future+Renewable+Energy+Option&rft.au=Seibert%2C+M&rft.aulast=Seibert&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2007-08-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=234th+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys2.confex.com/acs/234nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-12-18 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple exciton generation in colloidal silicon nanocrystals. AN - 68143003; 17645368 AB - Multiple exciton generation (MEG) is a process whereby multiple electron-hole pairs, or excitons, are produced upon absorption of a single photon in semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) and represents a promising route to increased solar conversion efficiencies in single-junction photovoltaic cells. We report for the first time MEG yields in colloidal Si NCs using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. We find the threshold photon energy for MEG in 9.5 nm diameter Si NCs (effective band gap identical with Eg = 1.20 eV) to be 2.4 +/- 0.1Eg and find an exciton-production quantum yield of 2.6 +/- 0.2 excitons per absorbed photon at 3.4Eg. While MEG has been previously reported in direct-gap semiconductor NCs of PbSe, PbS, PbTe, CdSe, and InAs, this represents the first report of MEG within indirect-gap semiconductor NCs. Furthermore, MEG is found in relatively large Si NCs (diameter equal to about twice the Bohr radius) such that the confinement energy is not large enough to produce a large blue-shift of the band gap (only 80 meV), but the Coulomb interaction is sufficiently enhanced to produce efficient MEG. Our findings are of particular importance because Si dominates the photovoltaic solar cell industry, presents no problems regarding abundance and accessibility within the Earth's crust, and poses no significant environmental problems regarding toxicity. JF - Nano letters AU - Beard, Matthew C AU - Knutsen, Kelly P AU - Yu, Pingrong AU - Luther, Joseph M AU - Song, Qing AU - Metzger, Wyatt K AU - Ellingson, Randy J AU - Nozik, Arthur J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. matt_ beard@nrel.gov Y1 - 2007/08// PY - 2007 DA - August 2007 SP - 2506 EP - 2512 VL - 7 IS - 8 SN - 1530-6984, 1530-6984 KW - Macromolecular Substances KW - 0 KW - Protons KW - Silicon KW - Z4152N8IUI KW - Index Medicus KW - Electrons KW - Particle Size KW - Molecular Conformation KW - Materials Testing KW - Macromolecular Substances -- chemistry KW - Surface Properties KW - Silicon -- chemistry KW - Nanostructures -- ultrastructure KW - Nanostructures -- chemistry KW - Crystallization -- methods KW - Nanotechnology -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68143003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nano+letters&rft.atitle=Multiple+exciton+generation+in+colloidal+silicon+nanocrystals.&rft.au=Beard%2C+Matthew+C%3BKnutsen%2C+Kelly+P%3BYu%2C+Pingrong%3BLuther%2C+Joseph+M%3BSong%2C+Qing%3BMetzger%2C+Wyatt+K%3BEllingson%2C+Randy+J%3BNozik%2C+Arthur+J&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2007-08-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2506&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nano+letters&rft.issn=15306984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2007-10-19 N1 - Date created - 2007-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anaerobic Acclimation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Anoxic Gene Expression, Hydrogenase Induction, And Metabolic Pathways AN - 19781650; 7557819 AB - Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic photosynthetic microbes experience conditions of anoxia, especially during the night when photosynthetic activity ceases. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, dark anoxia is characterized by the activation of an extensive set of fermentation pathways that act in concert to provide cellular energy, while limiting the accumulation of potentially toxic fermentative products. Metabolite analyses, quantitative PCR, and high density Chlamydomonas DNA microarrays were used to monitor changes in metabolite accumulation and gene expression during acclimation of the cells to anoxia. Elevated levels of transcripts encoding proteins associated with the production of H sub(2), organic acids, and ethanol were observed in congruence with the accumulation of fermentation products. The levels of over 500 transcripts increased significantly during acclimation of the cells to anoxic conditions. Among these were transcripts encoding transcription/translation regulators, prolyl hydroxylases, hybrid cluster proteins, proteases, transhydrogenase, catalase, and several putative proteins of unknown function. Overall, this study uses metabolite, genomic, and transcriptome data to provide genome-wide insights into the regulation of the complex metabolic networks utilized by Chlamydomonas under the anaerobic conditions associated with H sub(2) production. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Mus, Florence AU - Dubini, Alexandra AU - Seibert, Michael AU - Posewitz, Matthew C AU - Grossman, Arthur R AD - Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California 94305, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and Colorado School of Mines, Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Golden, Colorado 80401 Y1 - 2007/08// PY - 2007 DA - August 2007 SP - 25475 EP - 25486 PB - American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda MD 20814-3996 USA, [mailto:asbmb@asbmb.faseb.org] VL - 282 IS - 35 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Translation KW - Chlorophylls KW - Fermentation KW - prolyl hydroxylase KW - Organic acids KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - metabolic networks KW - Phytoplankton KW - Metabolites KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii KW - Freshwater KW - DNA microarrays KW - Gene expression KW - Hybrids KW - Metabolic pathways KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Proteinase KW - genomics KW - Hydrogenase KW - Phylogenetics KW - Ethanol KW - Data processing KW - NAD(P) super(+) transhydrogenase (B-specific) KW - Transcription KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Catalase KW - Anoxia KW - Acclimation KW - organic acids KW - Anoxic conditions KW - Energy KW - DNA KW - Chlamydomonas KW - W 30910:Imaging KW - G 07790:Other Microorganisms KW - Q1 08225:Genetics and evolution KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19781650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Anaerobic+Acclimation+in+Chlamydomonas+reinhardtii%3A+Anoxic+Gene+Expression%2C+Hydrogenase+Induction%2C+And+Metabolic+Pathways&rft.au=Mus%2C+Florence%3BDubini%2C+Alexandra%3BSeibert%2C+Michael%3BPosewitz%2C+Matthew+C%3BGrossman%2C+Arthur+R&rft.aulast=Mus&rft.aufirst=Florence&rft.date=2007-08-01&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=35&rft.spage=25475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Chlorophylls; Anoxic conditions; Organic acids; Nucleotide sequence; DNA; Phytoplankton; Phylogenetics; Translation; Data processing; prolyl hydroxylase; Fermentation; NAD(P) super(+) transhydrogenase (B-specific); metabolic networks; Transcription; Metabolites; Anaerobic conditions; DNA microarrays; Catalase; Anoxia; organic acids; Acclimation; Hybrids; Energy; Metabolic pathways; Polymerase chain reaction; Proteinase; genomics; Hydrogenase; Ethanol; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; Chlamydomonas; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the limits of solar photovoltaics (PV) in traditional electric power systems AN - 20757648; 7764798 AB - In this work, we examine some of the limits to large-scale deployment of solar photovoltaics (PV) in traditional electric power systems. Specifically, we evaluate the ability of PV to provide a large fraction (up to 50%) of a utility system's energy by comparing hourly output of a simulated large PV system to the amount of electricity actually usable. The simulations use hourly recorded solar insolation and load data for Texas in the year 2000 and consider the constraints of traditional electricity generation plants to reduce output and accommodate intermittent PV generation. We find that under high penetration levels and existing grid-operation procedures and rules, the system will have excess PV generation during certain periods of the year. Several metrics are developed to examine this excess PV generation and resulting costs as a function of PV penetration at different levels of system flexibility. The limited flexibility of base load generators produces increasingly large amounts of unusable PV generation when PV provides perhaps 10-20% of a system's energy. Measures to increase PV penetration beyond this range will be discussed and quantified in a follow-up analysis. JF - Energy Policy AU - Denholm, Paul AU - Margolis, Robert M AD - National Renwable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA, Paul_denholm@nrel.gov Y1 - 2007/05// PY - 2007 DA - May 2007 SP - 2852 EP - 2861 PB - Elsevier Science, Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 0301-4215, 0301-4215 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Solar KW - Photovoltaics KW - Intermittency KW - Electric power KW - energy policy KW - Electric power generation KW - solar cells KW - insolation KW - Simulation KW - USA, Texas KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20757648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Policy&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+limits+of+solar+photovoltaics+%28PV%29+in+traditional+electric+power+systems&rft.au=Denholm%2C+Paul%3BMargolis%2C+Robert+M&rft.aulast=Denholm&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2007-05-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2852&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Policy&rft.issn=03014215&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enpol.2006.10.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Electric power; energy policy; Electric power generation; solar cells; Simulation; insolation; USA, Texas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2006.10.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a High-Performance Solar Home in Loveland, Colorado AN - 20646358; 8049037 AB - Building America (BA) partner McStain Neighborhoods built the Discovery House in Loveland, CO, with an extensive package of energy-efficient features, including a high-performance envelope, efficient mechanical systems, a solar water heater integrated with the space-heating system, a heat-recovery ventilator (HRV), and ENERGY STAR appliances. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Building Science Consortium conducted short-term field-testing and building energy simulations to evaluate the performance of the house. These evaluations are utilized by BA to improve future prototype designs and to identify critical research needs. The Discovery House building envelope and ducts were very tight under normal operating conditions. The HRV provided fresh air at a rate of about 35L/s (75cfm), consistent with the recommendations of ASHRAE Standard 62.2. The solar hot water system is expected to meet the bulk of the domestic hot water (DHW) load (>83%), but only about 12% of the space-heating load. DOE-2.2 simulations predict whole-house source energy savings of 54% compared to the BA Benchmark (Hendron, R., 2005 NREL Report No. 37529, NREL, Golden, CO). The largest contributors to energy savings beyond McStain's standard practice are the solar water heater, HRV, improved air distribution, high-efficiency boiler, and compact fluorescent lighting package. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Hendron, Robert AU - Eastment, Mark AU - Hancock, Ed AU - Barker, Greg AU - Reeves, Paul AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401-3393 Y1 - 2007/05// PY - 2007 DA - May 2007 SP - 226 EP - 234 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 129 IS - 2 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Housing KW - prototypes KW - Lighting KW - Solar energy KW - Packaging KW - Energy efficiency KW - Energy conservation KW - Simulation KW - Boilers KW - USA, Colorado KW - benchmarks KW - Renewable energy KW - Residential areas KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20646358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+High-Performance+Solar+Home+in+Loveland%2C+Colorado&rft.au=Hendron%2C+Robert%3BEastment%2C+Mark%3BHancock%2C+Ed%3BBarker%2C+Greg%3BReeves%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Hendron&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2007-05-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.2710248 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy efficiency; benchmarks; Housing; prototypes; Renewable energy; Energy conservation; Residential areas; Lighting; Simulation; Boilers; Solar energy; Packaging; USA, Colorado DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2710248 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction to session 1A AN - 807291421; 13858521 JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Himmel, Michael E AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 80401, Golden, CO, mike_himmel@nrel.gov Y1 - 2007/04// PY - 2007 DA - Apr 2007 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 137-140 IS - 1-12 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807291421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+session+1A&rft.au=Himmel%2C+Michael+E&rft.aulast=Himmel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2007-04-01&rft.volume=137-140&rft.issue=1-12&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12010-007-9034-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-007-9034-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular modeling suggests induced fit of Family I carbohydrate-binding modules with a broken-chain cellulose surface AN - 19881611; 7421396 AB - Cellobiohydrolases are the most effective single component of fungal cellulase systems; however, their molecular mode of action on cellulose is not well understood. These enzymes act to detach and hydrolyze cellodextrin chains from crystalline cellulose in a processive manner, and the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) is thought to play an important role in this process. Understanding the interactions between the CBM and cellulose at the molecular level can assist greatly in formulating selective mutagenesis experiments to confirm the function of the CBM. Computational molecular dynamics was used to investigate the interaction of the CBM from Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I with a model of the (1,0,0) cellulose surface modified to display a broken chain. Initially, the CBM was located in different positions relative to the reducing end of this break, and during the simulations it appeared to translate freely and randomly across the cellulose surface, which is consistent with its role in processivity. Another important finding is that the reducing end of a cellulose chain appears to induce a conformational change in the CBM. Simulations show that the tyrosine residues on the hydrophobic surface of the CBM, Y5, Y31 and Y32 align with the cellulose chain adjacent to the reducing end and, importantly, that the fourth tyrosine residue in the CBM (Y13) moves from its internal position to form van der Waals interactions with the cellulose surface. As a consequence of this induced change near the surface, the CBM straddles the reducing end of the broken chain. Interestingly, all four aromatic residues are highly conserved in Family I CBM, and thus this recognition mechanism may be universal to this family. JF - Protein Engineering Design and Selection AU - Nimlos, Mark R AU - Matthews, James F AU - Crowley, Michael F AU - Walker, Ross C AU - Chukkapalli, Giridhar AU - Brady, John W AU - Adney, William S AU - Cleary, Joseph M AU - Zhong, Linghao AU - Himmel, Michael E AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-7201, USA. The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. San Diego Supercomputer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505, USA. Pennsylvania State University, Mont Alto, PA 17237, USA Y1 - 2007/04// PY - 2007 DA - Apr 2007 SP - 179 EP - 187 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 1741-0126, 1741-0126 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Molecular modelling KW - Cellobiohydrolase I KW - Cellulose KW - Tyrosine KW - Enzymes KW - Hydrophobicity KW - Computer applications KW - cellobiohydrolase KW - Cellulase KW - Mutagenesis KW - Hypocrea jecorina KW - Aromatics KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19881611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Protein+Engineering+Design+and+Selection&rft.atitle=Molecular+modeling+suggests+induced+fit+of+Family+I+carbohydrate-binding+modules+with+a+broken-chain+cellulose+surface&rft.au=Nimlos%2C+Mark+R%3BMatthews%2C+James+F%3BCrowley%2C+Michael+F%3BWalker%2C+Ross+C%3BChukkapalli%2C+Giridhar%3BBrady%2C+John+W%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BCleary%2C+Joseph+M%3BZhong%2C+Linghao%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E&rft.aulast=Nimlos&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2007-04-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Protein+Engineering+Design+and+Selection&rft.issn=17410126&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Molecular modelling; Cellobiohydrolase I; Cellulose; Enzymes; Tyrosine; Hydrophobicity; Computer applications; Cellulase; cellobiohydrolase; Aromatics; Mutagenesis; Hypocrea jecorina ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Tailoring the Interface to Improve V@@dOC@ in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells T2 - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AN - 40586564; 4545543 JF - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AU - Neale, Nathan R Y1 - 2007/03/25/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Mar 25 KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Solar cells KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40586564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Tailoring+the+Interface+to+Improve+V%40%40dOC%40+in+Dye-Sensitized+Solar+Cells&rft.au=Neale%2C+Nathan+R&rft.aulast=Neale&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft.date=2007-03-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys.acs.org/acs/233nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Computational Modeling and Brownian Dynamics Simulation of C. Reinhardtii Hydrogenase - Ferredoxin Docking Complexes T2 - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AN - 40584086; 4541806 JF - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AU - Long, Hai AU - Chang, Christopher H AU - King, Paul AU - Ghirardi, Maria L AU - Kim, Kwiseon Y1 - 2007/03/25/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Mar 25 KW - Simulation KW - Hydrogenase KW - Brownian motion KW - Ferredoxin KW - Computer applications KW - Berthing KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40584086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Computational+Modeling+and+Brownian+Dynamics+Simulation+of+C.+Reinhardtii+Hydrogenase+-+Ferredoxin+Docking+Complexes&rft.au=Long%2C+Hai%3BChang%2C+Christopher+H%3BKing%2C+Paul%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria+L%3BKim%2C+Kwiseon&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Hai&rft.date=2007-03-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys.acs.org/acs/233nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Photobiological and Bio-Hybrid Hydrogen Production based on the Activity of Hydrogenase Enzymes T2 - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AN - 40577039; 4544411 JF - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AU - Ghirardi, M L Y1 - 2007/03/25/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Mar 25 KW - Hydrogen KW - Enzymes KW - Hydrogenase KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40577039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Photobiological+and+Bio-Hybrid+Hydrogen+Production+based+on+the+Activity+of+Hydrogenase+Enzymes&rft.au=Ghirardi%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Ghirardi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2007-03-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys.acs.org/acs/233nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biomass Recalcitrance: Barrier to Economic Ethanol Biorefineries T2 - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AN - 40576813; 4544409 JF - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Adney, William S AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Johnson, David K Y1 - 2007/03/25/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Mar 25 KW - Ethanol KW - Economics KW - Biomass KW - Barriers KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40576813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Biomass+Recalcitrance%3A+Barrier+to+Economic+Ethanol+Biorefineries&rft.au=Himmel%2C+Michael+E%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BDing%2C+Shi-You%3BJohnson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Himmel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2007-03-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys.acs.org/acs/233nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Third Generation Solar Photon Conversion T2 - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AN - 40576397; 4544406 JF - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AU - Nozik, Arthur J Y1 - 2007/03/25/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Mar 25 KW - Photons KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40576397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Third+Generation+Solar+Photon+Conversion&rft.au=Nozik%2C+Arthur+J&rft.aulast=Nozik&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2007-03-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys.acs.org/acs/233nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Optimized Configuration Interaction Method for Electronic Excitations in Nanostructures T2 - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AN - 40574115; 4540176 JF - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AU - Franceschetti, Alberto AU - Troparevsky, Claudia Y1 - 2007/03/25/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Mar 25 KW - Quantum chemistry KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40574115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Optimized+Configuration+Interaction+Method+for+Electronic+Excitations+in+Nanostructures&rft.au=Franceschetti%2C+Alberto%3BTroparevsky%2C+Claudia&rft.aulast=Franceschetti&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft.date=2007-03-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys.acs.org/acs/233nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Carrier Dynamics and Multiple Exciton Generation in Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Applications to Third Generation Solar Photon Conversion T2 - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AN - 40573377; 4544452 JF - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AU - Nozik, Arthur J AU - Ellingson, Randy J AU - Beard, Matthew C AU - Johnson, Justin C AU - Luther, Joseph AU - Gerth, Kathrine A Y1 - 2007/03/25/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Mar 25 KW - Photons KW - Quantum dots KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40573377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Carrier+Dynamics+and+Multiple+Exciton+Generation+in+Semiconductor+Nanocrystals%3A+Applications+to+Third+Generation+Solar+Photon+Conversion&rft.au=Nozik%2C+Arthur+J%3BEllingson%2C+Randy+J%3BBeard%2C+Matthew+C%3BJohnson%2C+Justin+C%3BLuther%2C+Joseph%3BGerth%2C+Kathrine+A&rft.aulast=Nozik&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2007-03-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys.acs.org/acs/233nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hydrogenases as Catalysts for Renewable Hydrogen Production T2 - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AN - 40572414; 4542452 JF - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AU - Ghirardi, M L Y1 - 2007/03/25/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Mar 25 KW - Catalysts KW - Hydrogen KW - Hydrogenase KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40572414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Hydrogenases+as+Catalysts+for+Renewable+Hydrogen+Production&rft.au=Ghirardi%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Ghirardi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2007-03-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys.acs.org/acs/233nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Direct Formation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons during Biomass Pyrolysis T2 - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AN - 40568745; 4541731 JF - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AU - Evans, Robert J AU - Pilath, Heidi M AU - Nimlos, Mark R Y1 - 2007/03/25/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Mar 25 KW - Biomass KW - Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Pyrolysis KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40568745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Direct+Formation+of+Polynuclear+Aromatic+Hydrocarbons+during+Biomass+Pyrolysis&rft.au=Evans%2C+Robert+J%3BPilath%2C+Heidi+M%3BNimlos%2C+Mark+R&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2007-03-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys.acs.org/acs/233nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Chemical and Physical Properties of Pretreated Biomass that Affect Enzyme Accessibility and Digestibility T2 - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AN - 40560994; 4539807 JF - 233rd National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society AU - Davis, Mark F AU - Ishizawa, Claudia AU - Jeoh, Tina AU - Adney, William S AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Johnson, David K Y1 - 2007/03/25/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Mar 25 KW - Biomass KW - Enzymes KW - Digestibility KW - Physical properties KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40560994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Chemical+and+Physical+Properties+of+Pretreated+Biomass+that+Affect+Enzyme+Accessibility+and+Digestibility&rft.au=Davis%2C+Mark+F%3BIshizawa%2C+Claudia%3BJeoh%2C+Tina%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BJohnson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2007-03-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=233rd+National+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys.acs.org/acs/233nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Offshore Wind Electricity: A Viable Energy Option for the Coastal United States AN - 19986516; 7793441 AB - U.S. offshore wind energy resources are abundant, indigenous, and broadly dispersed among the most expensive and highly constrained electricity load centers. Economic capacity expansion models developed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory show that offshore wind energy can compete in future U.S. electric energy markets without major changes in the market variables or revolutionary technological breakthroughs However, significant research, development, and deployment will be needed to bring the current technology through a course of cost reductions. To maximize the resource potential, these reductions need to be made along parallel technology paths that will expand the available resource by allowing wind turbines to be installed in deep water. Analysis shows that incremental technology improvements leading to moderate cost reductions, and reasonable increases in the cost of conventional energy will help offshore wind achieve cost competitiveness by 2030 and become a major contributor to the energy supply of the United Slates. This paper describes a wide range of technical research and development that can reduce costs and improve technology for deep water deployment. JF - Marine Technology Society Journal AU - Musial, W AD - National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2007/03// PY - 2007 DA - Mar 2007 SP - 32 EP - 43 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0025-3324, 0025-3324 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Wind energy resources KW - Resource management KW - Electricity KW - Deep water KW - Wind turbines KW - Turbines KW - USA KW - Wind power KW - Renewable resources KW - Potential resources KW - Wind energy KW - Renewable energy KW - Economics KW - Environment management KW - deep water KW - Research programs KW - Technology KW - competition KW - Marine technology KW - M2 551.55:Wind (551.55) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09170:Nearshore dynamics KW - O 6020:Offshore Engineering and Operations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19986516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Technology+Society+Journal&rft.atitle=Offshore+Wind+Electricity%3A+A+Viable+Energy+Option+for+the+Coastal+United+States&rft.au=Musial%2C+W&rft.aulast=Musial&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2007-03-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Technology+Society+Journal&rft.issn=00253324&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Renewable resources; Resource management; Wind power; Potential resources; Electricity; Environment management; Marine technology; Deep water; Wind turbines; Wind energy resources; Wind energy; Renewable energy; Economics; Research programs; deep water; competition; Technology; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomass Recalcitrance: Engineering Plants and Enzymes for Biofuels Production AN - 19532445; 7248421 AB - Lignocellulosic biomass has long been recognized as a potential sustainable source of mixed sugars for fermentation to biofuels and other biomaterials. Several technologies have been developed during the past 80 years that allow this conversion process to occur, and the clear objective now is to make this process cost-competitive in today's markets. Here, we consider the natural resistance of plant cell walls to microbial and enzymatic deconstruction, collectively known as "biomass recalcitrance." It is this property of plants that is largely responsible for the high cost of lignocellulose conversion. To achieve sustainable energy production, it will be necessary to overcome the chemical and structural properties that have evolved in biomass to prevent its disassembly. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Johnson, David K AU - Adney, William S AU - Nimlos, Mark R AU - Brady, John W AU - Foust, Thomas D AD - Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA, mike_himmel@nrel.gov Y1 - 2007/02/09/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Feb 09 SP - 804 EP - 807 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington DC 20005 USA, [mailto:membership@aaas.org], [URL:http://www.aaas.org] VL - 315 IS - 5813 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - biofuels KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Sugar KW - Fermentation KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - lignocellulose KW - Plant cells KW - Biomaterials KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19532445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Biomass+Recalcitrance%3A+Engineering+Plants+and+Enzymes+for+Biofuels+Production&rft.au=Himmel%2C+Michael+E%3BDing%2C+Shi-You%3BJohnson%2C+David+K%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BNimlos%2C+Mark+R%3BBrady%2C+John+W%3BFoust%2C+Thomas+D&rft.aulast=Himmel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2007-02-09&rft.volume=315&rft.issue=5813&rft.spage=804&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.1137016 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lignocellulose; Sugar; Plant cells; Fermentation; Biomaterials; Enzymes; Biomass; Fuel technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1137016 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and characterization of Cr(VI) reducing Cellulomonas spp. from subsurface soils: Implications for long-term chromate reduction AN - 20187576; 7069962 AB - Microbial enrichments from Cr(VI) contaminated and uncontaminated US Department of Energy Hanford Site sediments produced Cr(VI) reducing consortia when grown in the presence of Cr(VI) with acetate, d-xylose or glycerol as a carbon and energy source. Eight of the nine isolates from the consortia were Gram positive and four of these were identified by 16S rRNA sequence homology and membrane fatty acid composition as belonging to the genus Cellulomonas. Two strains, ES6 and WS01, were further examined for their ability to reduce Cr(VI) under growth and non-growth conditions. During fermentative growth on d- xylose, ES6 and WS01 decreased aqueous Cr(VI) concentrations from 0.04 mM Cr(VI) to below the detection limit (0.002 mM Cr(VI)) in less than three days and retained their ability to reduce Cr(VI) even after four months of incubation. Washed ES6 and WS01 cells also reduced Cr(VI) under non-growth conditions for over four months, both with and without the presence of an exogenous electron donor. K-edge XANES spectroscopy confirmed the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The ability to reduce Cr(VI) after growth had stopped and in the absence of an external electron donor, suggests that stimulation of these types of organisms may lead to effective long-term, in situ passive reactive barriers for Cr(VI) removal. Our results indicate that Cr(VI) reduction by indigenous Cellulomonas spp. may be a potential method of in situ bioremediation of Cr(VI) contaminated sediment and groundwater. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Viamajala, Sridhar AU - Smith, William A AU - Sani, Rajesh K AU - Apel, William A AU - Petersen, James N AU - Neal, Andrew L AU - Roberto, F F AU - Newby, D T AU - Peyton, Brent M AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., MS 3511, Golden, CO 80401, United States, bpeyton@coe.montana.edu Y1 - 2007/02// PY - 2007 DA - Feb 2007 SP - 612 EP - 622 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 98 IS - 3 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cr(VI) reducing bacteria KW - Bioremediation KW - Cr(VI) reduction KW - Cellulomonas KW - Sediment pollution KW - Xylose KW - Chromium KW - Fatty acid composition KW - Spectroscopy KW - Acetic acid KW - Sediments KW - Soil KW - Glycerol KW - Carbon KW - Homology KW - Energy KW - Ground water KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Chromate KW - rRNA 16S KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - A 01410:Mineral Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20187576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+Cr%28VI%29+reducing+Cellulomonas+spp.+from+subsurface+soils%3A+Implications+for+long-term+chromate+reduction&rft.au=Viamajala%2C+Sridhar%3BSmith%2C+William+A%3BSani%2C+Rajesh+K%3BApel%2C+William+A%3BPetersen%2C+James+N%3BNeal%2C+Andrew+L%3BRoberto%2C+F+F%3BNewby%2C+D+T%3BPeyton%2C+Brent+M&rft.aulast=Viamajala&rft.aufirst=Sridhar&rft.date=2007-02-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=612&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2006.02.023 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xylose; Bioremediation; Fatty acid composition; Spectroscopy; Acetic acid; Sediments; Soil; Carbon; Glycerol; Homology; Energy; Ground water; Chromate; rRNA 16S; Sediment pollution; Chromium; Groundwater pollution; Cellulomonas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.023 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Interaction Between Carbon Markets and Voluntary Markets for Renewable Energy T2 - 10th Annual Conference on Clean Air, Mercury, Global Warming and Renewable Energy AN - 39309117; 4509011 JF - 10th Annual Conference on Clean Air, Mercury, Global Warming and Renewable Energy AU - Bird, Lori Y1 - 2007/01/21/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Jan 21 KW - Renewable energy KW - Carbon KW - Conservation KW - Resource management KW - Environment management KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39309117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=10th+Annual+Conference+on+Clean+Air%2C+Mercury%2C+Global+Warming+and+Renewable+Energy&rft.atitle=Interaction+Between+Carbon+Markets+and+Voluntary+Markets+for+Renewable+Energy&rft.au=Bird%2C+Lori&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.date=2007-01-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=10th+Annual+Conference+on+Clean+Air%2C+Mercury%2C+Global+Warming+and+Renewable+Energy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.euec.com/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-09-05 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solubilization, solution equilibria, and biodegradation of PAH's under thermophilic conditions AN - 51398961; 2007-075491 JF - Chemosphere (Oxford) AU - Viamajala, Sridhar AU - Peyton, Brent M AU - Richards, Lee A AU - Petersen, James N Y1 - 2007/01// PY - 2007 DA - January 2007 SP - 1094 EP - 1106 PB - Elsevier VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - degradation KW - fluoranthene KW - laboratory studies KW - phenanthrene KW - mesophilic cultures KW - Geobacilli KW - thermodynamic properties KW - kinetics KW - soils KW - biodegradation KW - fluorene KW - experimental studies KW - physicochemical properties KW - pollution KW - optimization KW - rates KW - solubility KW - equilibrium KW - organic compounds KW - RNA KW - dissolved materials KW - bacteria KW - hydrocarbons KW - DNA KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51398961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere+%28Oxford%29&rft.atitle=Solubilization%2C+solution+equilibria%2C+and+biodegradation+of+PAH%27s+under+thermophilic+conditions&rft.au=Viamajala%2C+Sridhar%3BPeyton%2C+Brent+M%3BRichards%2C+Lee+A%3BPetersen%2C+James+N&rft.aulast=Viamajala&rft.aufirst=Sridhar&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1094&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere+%28Oxford%29&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2006.06.059 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00456535 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CMSHAF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; bacteria; biodegradation; degradation; dissolved materials; DNA; equilibrium; experimental studies; fluoranthene; fluorene; Geobacilli; hydrocarbons; kinetics; laboratory studies; mesophilic cultures; optimization; organic compounds; phenanthrene; physicochemical properties; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; rates; RNA; soils; solubility; thermodynamic properties DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.059 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative Measurement of Biomass Gasifier Tars Using a Molecular-Beam Mass Spectrometer: Comparison with Traditional Impinger Sampling AN - 20551553; 7986783 AB - Removal of tars produced during biomass gasification continues to be a technical barrier confronted by developers of commercial thermochemical conversion systems. Quantitative measurement of tar in the synthesis gas (syngas) stream is important to assess the effectiveness of cleanup and conditioning processes and verify the suitability of the cleaned syngas for its intended downstream use (e.g., catalytic conversion to liquid fuels, hydrogen recovery, or electricity production). In an effort to advance the art of gasifier tar measurement and address some limitations of traditional impinger sampling, we have investigated the use of a molecular-beam mass spectrometer (MBMS) sampling system as an alternative method for quantifying real-time tar concentrations in biomass gasifier-derived syngas. The 0.5 ton/day pilot-scale biomass gasification system of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has enabled direct comparisons between MBMS sampling and replicate impinger sampling during continuous operations. The results have shown some systematic differences between the methods, although they do appear correlated. Using a synthetic tar mixture, as well as actual corn- stover-derived syngas, experiments were carried out to compare the accuracy of the two methods. Both methods demonstrated good reproducibility, but the MBMS measurements appear to be more accurate. Tar concentrations determined from impinger sampling averaged 11-21% lower than expected, depending upon the compound. Average MBMS measurements were within 6% of the known values, demonstrating that the MBMS can be used to improve quantitative, continuous, real-time monitoring of gasifier tar. JF - Energy & Fuels AU - Carpenter, Daniel L AU - Deutch, Steve P AU - French, Richard J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401 Y1 - 2007///0, PY - 2007 DA - 0, 2007 SP - 3036 EP - 3043 PB - American Chemical Society, [mailto:service@acs.org] VL - 21 IS - 5 SN - 0887-0624, 0887-0624 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fuels KW - Electric power generation KW - Renewable energy KW - Tar KW - downstream KW - Hydrogen KW - Biomass KW - gasification KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20551553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Fuels&rft.atitle=Quantitative+Measurement+of+Biomass+Gasifier+Tars+Using+a+Molecular-Beam+Mass+Spectrometer%3A+Comparison+with+Traditional+Impinger+Sampling&rft.au=Carpenter%2C+Daniel+L%3BDeutch%2C+Steve+P%3BFrench%2C+Richard+J&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3036&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Fuels&rft.issn=08870624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fef070193c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Renewable energy; Electric power generation; Fuels; Tar; downstream; Hydrogen; Biomass; gasification DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef070193c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrogenases and Hydrogen Photoproduction in Oxygenic Photosynthetic Organisms AN - 19896385; 8749482 AB - The photobiological production of H sub(2) gas, using water as the only electron donor, is a property of two types of photosynthetic microorganisms: green algae and cyanobacteria. In these organisms, photosynthetic water splitting is functionally linked to H sub(2) production by the activity of hydrogenase enzymes. Interestingly, each of these organisms contains only one of two major types of hydrogenases, [FeFe] or [NiFe] enzymes, which are phylogenetically distinct but perform the same catalytic reaction, suggesting convergent evolution. This idea is supported by the observation that each of the two classes of hydrogenases has a different metallo-cluster, is encoded by entirely different sets of genes (apparently under the control of different promoter elements), and exhibits different maturation pathways. The genetics, biosynthesis, structure, function, and O sub(2) sensitivity of these enzymes have been the focus of extensive research in recent years. Some of this effort is clearly driven by the potential for using these enzymes in future biological or biohybrid systems to produce renewable fuel or in fuel cell applications. JF - Annual Review of Plant Biology AU - Ghirardi, Maria L AU - Posewitz, Matthew C AU - Maness, Pin-Ching AU - Dubini, Alexandra AU - Yu, Jianping AU - Seibert, Michael AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, maria_ghirardi@nrel.gov Y1 - 2007 PY - 2007 DA - 2007 SP - 71 EP - 91 PB - Annual Reviews, Inc., 4139 El Camino Way Box 10139 Palo Alto CA 94303-0139 USA, [mailto:service@annualreviews.org], [URL:http://annualreviews.org] VL - 58 SN - 1040-2519, 1040-2519 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Phylogeny KW - fuel cells KW - Fuels KW - Enzymes KW - Hydrogen KW - Splitting KW - Promoters KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Structure-function relationships KW - Reviews KW - Microorganisms KW - Hydrogenase KW - Cyanophyta KW - Evolution KW - Algae KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - G 07800:Plants and Algae KW - N 14845:Miscellaneous KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19896385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Plant+Biology&rft.atitle=Hydrogenases+and+Hydrogen+Photoproduction+in+Oxygenic+Photosynthetic+Organisms&rft.au=Ghirardi%2C+Maria+L%3BPosewitz%2C+Matthew+C%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching%3BDubini%2C+Alexandra%3BYu%2C+Jianping%3BSeibert%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Ghirardi&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Plant+Biology&rft.issn=10402519&rft_id=info:doi/10.1146%2Fannurev.arplant.58.032806.103848 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phylogeny; fuel cells; Fuels; Enzymes; Hydrogen; Splitting; Promoters; Structure-function relationships; Reviews; Microorganisms; Hydrogenase; Evolution; Algae; Cyanobacteria; Cyanophyta DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.58.032806.103848 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wiring-Up Hydrogenase with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes AN - 19881673; 8021359 AB - Many envision a future where hydrogen is the centerpiece of a sustainable, carbon-free energy supply. For example, the energy in sunlight may be stored by splitting water into H sub(2) and O sub(2) using inorganic semiconductors and photoelectrochemical approaches super(1) or with artificial photosynthetic systems that seek to mimic the light absorption, energy transfer, electron transfer, and redox catalysis that occurs in green plants. super(2) Unfortunately, large scale deployment of artificial water- splitting technologies may be impeded by the need for the large amounts of precious metals required to catalyze the multielectron water-splitting reactions. Nature provides a variety of microbes that can activate the dihydrogen bond through the catalytic activity of [NiFe] and [FeFe] hydrogenases, super(3,4) JF - Nano Letters AU - McDonald, Timothy J AU - Svedruzic, Drazenka AU - Kim, Yong-Hyun AU - Blackburn, Jeffrey L AU - Zhang, S B AU - King, Paul W AU - Heben, Michael J AD - Energy Sciences, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 Y1 - 2007///0, PY - 2007 DA - 0, 2007 SP - 3528 EP - 3534 PB - American Chemical Society, [mailto:service@acs.org] VL - 7 IS - 11 SN - 1530-6984, 1530-6984 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Metals KW - Carbon KW - nanotubes KW - Sunlight KW - Hydrogen KW - Hydrogenase KW - Electron transfer KW - Splitting KW - Catalysis KW - Light effects KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19881673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nano+Letters&rft.atitle=Wiring-Up+Hydrogenase+with+Single-Walled+Carbon+Nanotubes&rft.au=McDonald%2C+Timothy+J%3BSvedruzic%2C+Drazenka%3BKim%2C+Yong-Hyun%3BBlackburn%2C+Jeffrey+L%3BZhang%2C+S+B%3BKing%2C+Paul+W%3BHeben%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nano+Letters&rft.issn=15306984&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fnl072319oPII%3AS1530-6984%2807%2902319-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; Carbon; Sunlight; nanotubes; Hydrogen; Electron transfer; Hydrogenase; Splitting; Light effects; Catalysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl072319oPII:S1530-6984(07)02319-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analysis of hydrogen production from renewable electricity sources AN - 19722125; 7521124 AB - Three aspects of producing hydrogen via renewable electricity sources are analyzed to determine the potential for solar and wind hydrogen production pathways: a renewable hydrogen resource assessment, a cost analysis of hydrogen production via electrolysis, and the annual energy requirements of producing hydrogen for refueling. The results indicate that ample resources exist to produce transportation fuel from wind and solar power. However, hydrogen prices are highly dependent on electricity prices. For renewables to produce hydrogen at $2 kg super(-1), using electrolyzers available in 2004, electricity prices would have to be less than $0.01 kWh super(-1). Additionally, energy requirements for hydrogen refueling stations are in excess of 20 GWh/year. It may be challenging for dedicated renewable systems at the filling station to meet such requirements. Therefore, while plentiful resources exist to provide clean electricity for the production of hydrogen for transportation fuel, challenges remain to identify optimum economic and technical configurations to provide renewable energy to distributed hydrogen refueling stations. JF - Solar Energy AU - Levene, JI AU - Mann, M K AU - Margolis, R M AU - Milbrandt, A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, United States, johanna_levene@nrel.gov Y1 - 2007 PY - 2007 DA - 2007 SP - 773 EP - 780 VL - 81 IS - 6 SN - 0038-092X, 0038-092X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Transportation KW - Wind energy KW - Fuels KW - Renewable energy KW - Economics KW - cost analysis KW - Hydrogen KW - Electricity KW - Solar energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19722125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy&rft.atitle=An+analysis+of+hydrogen+production+from+renewable+electricity+sources&rft.au=Levene%2C+JI%3BMann%2C+M+K%3BMargolis%2C+R+M%3BMilbrandt%2C+A&rft.aulast=Levene&rft.aufirst=JI&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=773&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy&rft.issn=0038092X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solener.2006.10.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transportation; Wind energy; Renewable energy; Fuels; cost analysis; Economics; Electricity; Hydrogen; Solar energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2006.10.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blade load mitigation control design for a wind turbine operating in the path of vortices AN - 19665745; 8636667 AB - As wind turbine rotor size continues to increase, load mitigation becomes an important control objective. Turbines with hub heights of nearly 100m operate in the stable, nocturnal boundary layer where coherent turbulence can be generated by atmospheric phenomena outside the surface layer. These coherent turbulent structures may contribute to blade fatigue loads that can be mitigated with advanced control algorithms. Disturbance accommodating control (DAC) methods were implemented in a wind turbine structural dynamics simulation code to mitigate transient blade load response induced by a simple, Rankine vortex in the inflow. As a best-case scenario, a full-state feedback controller (which included a very detailed disturbance model) showed that blade flap damage equivalent load caused by the vortex passing through the rotor could be reduced by 30% compared to one that resulted from simulation of a typical proportional-integral (PI) controller. A realizable DAC controller that incorporates only the vertical shear component of the vortex reduced loads by 9% compared to that resulting from simulation of a PI controller. The load reduction was even greater when the vortex was superimposed over full-field, homogeneous turbulence. DAC methods have the flexibility to incorporate properties of coherent turbulent inflow structures in the controller design to mitigate blade fatigue loads. Further work must be done to develop disturbance models as more details about the turbulent structures are identified. JF - Wind Energy AU - Hand, M Maureen AU - Balas, Mark J AD - National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd. MS 3811, Golden, CO 80401, USA, maureen_hand@nrel.gov Y1 - 2007///0, PY - 2007 DA - 0, 2007 SP - 339 EP - 355 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk] VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1095-4244, 1095-4244 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - disturbance KW - Vortices KW - Simulation KW - Surface layers KW - fatigue KW - Design KW - Turbines KW - mitigation KW - Wind power KW - Wind energy KW - Vertical shear KW - Boundary layers KW - Structural dynamics KW - inflow KW - Turbulence KW - Turbulent boundary layer KW - Q2 09241:General KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q5 08501:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19665745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=Blade+load+mitigation+control+design+for+a+wind+turbine+operating+in+the+path+of+vortices&rft.au=Hand%2C+M+Maureen%3BBalas%2C+Mark+J&rft.aulast=Hand&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10954244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.225 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Vortices; Wind power; Vertical shear; Structural dynamics; Boundary layers; Surface layers; Turbulent boundary layer; mitigation; disturbance; Wind energy; inflow; Simulation; Turbulence; fatigue; Design DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.225 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aerodynamic structures and processes in rotationally augmented flow fields AN - 19661042; 8636656 AB - Rotational augmentation of horizontal axis wind turbine blade aerodynamics currently remains incompletely characterized and understood. To address this, the present study concurrently analysed experimental measurements and computational predictions, both of which were unique and of high quality. Experimental measurements consisted of surface pressure data statistics used to infer sectional boundary layer state and to quantify normal force levels. Computed predictions included high-resolution boundary layer topologies and detailed above-surface flow field structures. This synergy was exploited to reliably identify and track pertinent features in the rotating blade boundary layer topology as they evolved in response to varying wind speed. Subsequently, boundary layer state was linked to above-surface flow field structure and used to deduce mechanisms underlying augmented aerodynamic force production during rotating conditions. JF - Wind Energy AU - Schreck, Scott J AU - Sorensen, Niels N AU - Robinson, Michael C AD - NREL's National Wind Technology Center, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO, 80401 USA, scott_schreck@nrel.gov Y1 - 2007 PY - 2007 DA - 2007 SP - 159 EP - 178 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 1095-4244, 1095-4244 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Wind energy KW - Boundary layers KW - Aerodynamics KW - Velocity KW - exploitation KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19661042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=Aerodynamic+structures+and+processes+in+rotationally+augmented+flow+fields&rft.au=Schreck%2C+Scott+J%3BSorensen%2C+Niels+N%3BRobinson%2C+Michael+C&rft.aulast=Schreck&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10954244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.214 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind energy; Aerodynamics; Boundary layers; Velocity; exploitation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.214 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time-resolved photoconductivity of PbSe nanocrystal arrays. AN - 68244346; 17165993 AB - We report the sub-picosecond photoconductivity dynamics of chemically treated PbSe nanocrystal arrays utilizing time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS). TRTS allows both the degree of interdot electronic coupling and the carrier dynamics to be extracted simultaneously. The following capping ligands bonded to the quantum dot surface were studied: hydrazine, ethylenediamine, butlyamine, and aniline. In addition, the arrays were treated with NaOH. We find that the treatments affect both the degree of electronic coupling and the carrier dynamics. JF - The journal of physical chemistry. B AU - Murphy, James E AU - Beard, Matthew C AU - Nozik, Arthur J AD - Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA. Y1 - 2006/12/21/ PY - 2006 DA - 2006 Dec 21 SP - 25455 EP - 25461 VL - 110 IS - 50 SN - 1520-6106, 1520-6106 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - Ethylenediamines KW - Hydrazines KW - Ligands KW - Selenium Compounds KW - lead selenide KW - 12069-00-0 KW - hydrazine KW - 27RFH0GB4R KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Sodium Hydroxide KW - 55X04QC32I KW - ethylenediamine KW - 60V9STC53F KW - aniline KW - SIR7XX2F1K KW - Index Medicus KW - Crystallization KW - Photochemistry KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Quantum Dots KW - Electric Conductivity KW - Particle Size KW - Amines -- chemistry KW - Spectrum Analysis -- methods KW - Sodium Hydroxide -- chemistry KW - Aniline Compounds -- chemistry KW - Hydrazines -- chemistry KW - Light KW - Time Factors KW - Ethylenediamines -- chemistry KW - Surface Properties KW - Selenium Compounds -- radiation effects KW - Nanostructures -- chemistry KW - Lead -- chemistry KW - Selenium Compounds -- chemical synthesis KW - Selenium Compounds -- chemistry KW - Lead -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68244346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journal+of+physical+chemistry.+B&rft.atitle=Time-resolved+photoconductivity+of+PbSe+nanocrystal+arrays.&rft.au=Murphy%2C+James+E%3BBeard%2C+Matthew+C%3BNozik%2C+Arthur+J&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2006-12-21&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=50&rft.spage=25455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journal+of+physical+chemistry.+B&rft.issn=15206106&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2007-02-23 N1 - Date created - 2006-12-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing State-Space Controls for the Controls Advanced Research Turbine AN - 20644179; 8048999 AB - Control can improve wind turbine performance by enhancing energy capture and reducing dynamic loads. At the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, we are implementing and testing state-space controls on the controls advanced research turbine (CART), a turbine specifically configured to test advanced controls. We show the design of control systems to regulate turbine speed in region 3 using rotor collective pitch and reduce dynamic loads in regions 2 and 3 using generator torque. These controls enhance damping in the first drive train torsion mode. We base these designs on sensors typically used in commercial turbines. We evaluate the performance of these controls by showing field test results. We also compare results from these modern controllers to results from a baseline controller for the CART. Finally, we report conclusions to this work and outline future studies. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Wright, Alan D AU - Fingersh, Lee J AU - Balas, Mark J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Wind Technology Center, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Mailstop 3811, Golden, CO 80401 Y1 - 2006/11// PY - 2006 DA - Nov 2006 SP - 506 EP - 515 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 128 IS - 4 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Sensors KW - Turbines KW - Wind energy KW - Control systems KW - Renewable energy KW - Solar energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20644179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Testing+State-Space+Controls+for+the+Controls+Advanced+Research+Turbine&rft.au=Wright%2C+Alan+D%3BFingersh%2C+Lee+J%3BBalas%2C+Mark+J&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=2006-11-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=506&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.2349547 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Sensors; Wind energy; Control systems; Renewable energy; Solar energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2349547 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Third Generation Solar Photon Conversion: Multiple Exciton Generation in Semiconductor Quantum Dots T2 - 2006 Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS 06) AN - 39278104; 4363829 JF - 2006 Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS 06) AU - Nozik, Arthur J AU - Ellingson, Randy J AU - Beard, Matthew C AU - Johnson, Justin C AU - Murphy, James E AU - Efros, Alexander AU - Shabaev, Andrew Y1 - 2006/09/10/ PY - 2006 DA - 2006 Sep 10 KW - Photons KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39278104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2006+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society+%28ACS+06%29&rft.atitle=Third+Generation+Solar+Photon+Conversion%3A+Multiple+Exciton+Generation+in+Semiconductor+Quantum+Dots&rft.au=Nozik%2C+Arthur+J%3BEllingson%2C+Randy+J%3BBeard%2C+Matthew+C%3BJohnson%2C+Justin+C%3BMurphy%2C+James+E%3BEfros%2C+Alexander%3BShabaev%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=Nozik&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2006-09-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2006+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society+%28ACS+06%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys.acs.org/acs/232nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-09-05 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Phenyl Cored Thiophene Dendrimers: Synthesis and Application in Photovoltaic Devices T2 - 2006 Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS 06) AN - 39249262; 4364042 DE: JF - 2006 Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS 06) AU - Mitchell, William J AU - Kopidakis, Nikos AU - Rance, William L AU - Rumbles, G AU - Ginley, David S AU - Shaheen, Sean E Y1 - 2006/09/10/ PY - 2006 DA - 2006 Sep 10 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39249262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2006+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society+%28ACS+06%29&rft.atitle=Phenyl+Cored+Thiophene+Dendrimers%3A+Synthesis+and+Application+in+Photovoltaic+Devices&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+William+J%3BKopidakis%2C+Nikos%3BRance%2C+William+L%3BRumbles%2C+G%3BGinley%2C+David+S%3BShaheen%2C+Sean+E&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2006-09-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2006+Meeting+and+Exposition+of+the+American+Chemical+Society+%28ACS+06%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys.acs.org/acs/232nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-09-05 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conditioning hemicellulose hydrolysates for fermentation: Effects of overliming pH on sugar and ethanol yields AN - 17187182; 6859788 AB - Overliming is an effective way of conditioning to reduce the toxicity of hydrolysates generated from pretreatment of lignicellulosic biomass for ethanol production. In this work, a range of target overliming pH values from 9 to 11 was studied, and xylose fermenting Zymomonas mobilis strain 8b was used to evaluate the fermentability of overlimed corn stover hemicellulose hydrolysate. pH 11 overlimed hydrolysate was highly fermentable, but xylose losses were the greatest at this condition. Based on ethanol yield and fermentative xylose conversion, pH 10-conditioned hydrolysate produced the best results, 75% xylose utilization and 76% ethanol yield. This condition also produces the highest overall ethanol yield based on total sugars available in the unconditioned hydrolysate, 70%. Overall mass balance closures were very good averaging between 97 and 100% for all experiments. Calcium and sulfur mass balance closures ranged from 75 to 90% and indicated that approximately 50% of the calcium ends up in the gypsum cake, which is calculated to be approximately 63% gypsum. Overall result shows that the pH of the overliming process is the key factor for improving hydrolysate fermentability but too high a pH destroys some of the available sugars and reduces overall ethanol yield. Thus, it is critical to keep the overliming pH as low as possible while making the hydrolysate fermentable. JF - Process Biochemistry AU - Mohagheghi, Ali AU - Ruth, Mark AU - Schell, Daniel J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA, ali_mohagheghi@nrel.gov Y1 - 2006/08// PY - 2006 DA - August 2006 SP - 1806 EP - 1811 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 41 IS - 8 SN - 0032-9592, 0032-9592 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Lime KW - Gypsum KW - Conditioning KW - Corn stover KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Mass balance KW - Sulfur KW - Sugar KW - Xylose KW - Calcium KW - Sulphur KW - Fermentation KW - Toxicity KW - Biomass KW - hemicellulose KW - Saccharides KW - Cakes KW - gypsum KW - pH effects KW - Hydrolysates KW - Ethanol KW - Abiotic factors KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - Q2 09181:General KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17187182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Process+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Conditioning+hemicellulose+hydrolysates+for+fermentation%3A+Effects+of+overliming+pH+on+sugar+and+ethanol+yields&rft.au=Mohagheghi%2C+Ali%3BRuth%2C+Mark%3BSchell%2C+Daniel+J&rft.aulast=Mohagheghi&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.date=2006-08-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Process+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00329592&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.procbio.2006.03.028 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulphur; Calcium; Xylose; Gypsum; Fermentation; Toxicity; pH effects; Saccharides; Abiotic factors; Sulfur; Sugar; Biomass; hemicellulose; Cakes; gypsum; Hydrolysates; Ethanol; Zymomonas mobilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2006.03.028 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Renewable energy policy AN - 37718526; 3251895 JF - Energy policy AU - Paul, Komor AU - Swezey, Blair G AU - Swezey, Blair G AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2006/07// PY - 2006 DA - Jul 2006 SP - 1221 EP - 1222 PB - iUniverse Inc. VL - 34 IS - 10 SN - 0301-4215, 0301-4215 KW - Economics KW - Energy market KW - New technology KW - Energy policy KW - Competitiveness KW - Renewable energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/37718526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Energy+policy&rft.atitle=Renewable+energy+policy&rft.au=Paul%2C+Komor%3BSwezey%2C+Blair+G&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Komor&rft.date=2006-07-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+policy&rft.issn=03014215&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enpol.2005.01.006 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 10876 4271; 8662 12622; 4258 7711; 2661 2649; 4261 5574 10472 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2005.01.006 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Differences between Weekday and Weekend Air Pollutant Levels in Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Denver, Houston, New York, Phoenix, Washington, DC, and surrounding Areas T2 - 99th Annual Conference and Exhibition of the Air and Waste Management Association AN - 40125331; 4296203 JF - 99th Annual Conference and Exhibition of the Air and Waste Management Association AU - Blanchard, C AU - Lawson, D Y1 - 2006/06/20/ PY - 2006 DA - 2006 Jun 20 KW - USGeorgia, Atlanta KW - USTexas, Houston KW - USIllinois, Chicago KW - USNew York KW - USColorado, Denver KW - USMaryland, Baltimore KW - Air pollution KW - Pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40125331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=99th+Annual+Conference+and+Exhibition+of+the+Air+and+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Differences+between+Weekday+and+Weekend+Air+Pollutant+Levels+in+Atlanta%2C+Baltimore%2C+Chicago%2C+Dallas-Fort+Worth%2C+Denver%2C+Houston%2C+New+York%2C+Phoenix%2C+Washington%2C+DC%2C+and+surrounding+Areas&rft.au=Blanchard%2C+C%3BLawson%2C+D&rft.aulast=Blanchard&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2006-06-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=99th+Annual+Conference+and+Exhibition+of+the+Air+and+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.awma.org/ACE2006/images/2006%20FinalProgram1.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Applications of Photovoltaic Technologies in Oil and Gas Production T2 - 2006 Annual Convention of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG 2006) AN - 40141793; 4079160 JF - 2006 Annual Convention of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG 2006) AU - Thornton, John AU - Meidinger, Brian Y1 - 2006/04/09/ PY - 2006 DA - 2006 Apr 09 KW - Oil and gas production KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40141793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2006+Annual+Convention+of+the+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists+%28AAPG+2006%29&rft.atitle=Applications+of+Photovoltaic+Technologies+in+Oil+and+Gas+Production&rft.au=Thornton%2C+John%3BMeidinger%2C+Brian&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2006-04-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2006+Annual+Convention+of+the+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists+%28AAPG+2006%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aapg.confex.com/aapg/2006am/techprogram/meeting.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-09-05 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reductions in emissions of local air pollutants and co-benefits of Chinese energy policy: a Shanghai case study AN - 38227517; 3001938 JF - Energy policy AU - Changhong, Chen AU - Bingyan, Wang AU - Qingyan, Fu AU - Green, Collin AU - Streets, David G AD - Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences ; National Renewable Energy Laboratory ; Argonne National Laboratory Y1 - 2006/04// PY - 2006 DA - Apr 2006 SP - 754 EP - 762 VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 0301-4215, 0301-4215 KW - Economics KW - Emissions trading KW - Air pollution KW - Case studies KW - Energy policy KW - Consumption KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Policy analysis KW - China UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/38227517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+policy&rft.atitle=Reductions+in+emissions+of+local+air+pollutants+and+co-benefits+of+Chinese+energy+policy%3A+a+Shanghai+case+study&rft.au=Changhong%2C+Chen%3BBingyan%2C+Wang%3BQingyan%2C+Fu%3BGreen%2C+Collin%3BStreets%2C+David+G&rft.aulast=Changhong&rft.aufirst=Chen&rft.date=2006-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=754&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+policy&rft.issn=03014215&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enpol.2004.07.007 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 9617 971; 2056 10902; 891 9818; 5625 5515 2382 2381 8560 9511 4309 4313; 2805 3872 554 971; 4261 5574 10472; 93 116 30 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.07.007 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Catalytic tar Reforming for Cleanup and Conditioning of Biomass-Derived Syngas T2 - 231st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society AN - 40135599; 4118770 JF - 231st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society AU - Dayton, David C AU - Bain, Richard L AU - Phillips, Steven AU - Magrini-Bair, Kimberly A AU - Feik, Calvin Y1 - 2006/03/26/ PY - 2006 DA - 2006 Mar 26 KW - Tar KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40135599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=231st+National+Meeting+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Catalytic+tar+Reforming+for+Cleanup+and+Conditioning+of+Biomass-Derived+Syngas&rft.au=Dayton%2C+David+C%3BBain%2C+Richard+L%3BPhillips%2C+Steven%3BMagrini-Bair%2C+Kimberly+A%3BFeik%2C+Calvin&rft.aulast=Dayton&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2006-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=231st+National+Meeting+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://oasys2.confex.com/acs/231nm/techprogram/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-09-05 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hydrogen Infrastructure Development T2 - 2006 Meeting of the Association of American Geographers AN - 39829973; 4079900 JF - 2006 Meeting of the Association of American Geographers AU - Milbrandt, Anelia AU - Melendez, Margo Y1 - 2006/03/07/ PY - 2006 DA - 2006 Mar 07 KW - Hydrogen KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39829973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2006+Meeting+of+the+Association+of+American+Geographers&rft.atitle=Hydrogen+Infrastructure+Development&rft.au=Milbrandt%2C+Anelia%3BMelendez%2C+Margo&rft.aulast=Milbrandt&rft.aufirst=Anelia&rft.date=2006-03-07&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2006+Meeting+of+the+Association+of+American+Geographers&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://communicate.aag.org/eseries/aag_org/program/SessionList.cfm?AlphaCha r=E LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction to the proceedings of the twenty-seventh symposium on biotechnology for fuels and chemicals AN - 807284447; 13858434 JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - McMillan, James D AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 80401-3393, Golden, CO Y1 - 2006/03// PY - 2006 DA - Mar 2006 SP - iii EP - viii PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 132 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807284447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+the+proceedings+of+the+twenty-seventh+symposium+on+biotechnology+for+fuels+and+chemicals&rft.au=McMillan%2C+James+D&rft.aulast=McMillan&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2006-03-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=iii&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A132%3A01%3A LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:132:01: ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional studies of [FeFe] hydrogenase maturation in an Escherichia coli biosynthetic system. AN - 67713659; 16513746 AB - Maturation of [FeFe] hydrogenases requires the biosynthesis and insertion of the catalytic iron-sulfur cluster, the H cluster. Two radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) proteins proposed to function in H cluster biosynthesis, HydEF and HydG, were recently identified in the hydEF-1 mutant of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (M. C. Posewitz, P. W. King, S. L. Smolinski, L. Zhang, M. Seibert, and M. L. Ghirardi, J. Biol. Chem. 279:25711-25720, 2004). Previous efforts to study [FeFe] hydrogenase maturation in Escherichia coli by coexpression of C. reinhardtii HydEF and HydG and the HydA1 [FeFe] hydrogenase were hindered by instability of the hydEF and hydG expression clones. A more stable [FeFe] hydrogenase expression system has been achieved in E. coli by cloning and coexpression of hydE, hydF, and hydG from the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum. Coexpression of the C. acetobutylicum maturation proteins with various algal and bacterial [FeFe] hydrogenases in E. coli resulted in purified enzymes with specific activities that were similar to those of the enzymes purified from native sources. In the case of structurally complex [FeFe] hydrogenases, maturation of the catalytic sites could occur in the absence of an accessory iron-sulfur cluster domain. Initial investigations of the structure and function of the maturation proteins HydE, HydF, and HydG showed that the highly conserved radical-SAM domains of both HydE and HydG and the GTPase domain of HydF were essential for achieving biosynthesis of active [FeFe] hydrogenases. Together, these results demonstrate that the catalytic domain and a functionally complete set of Hyd maturation proteins are fundamental to achieving biosynthesis of catalytic [FeFe] hydrogenases. JF - Journal of bacteriology AU - King, Paul W AU - Posewitz, Matthew C AU - Ghirardi, Maria L AU - Seibert, Michael AD - Basic Sciences Center, NREL, Golden, CO 80401, USA. paul_king@nrel.gov Y1 - 2006/03// PY - 2006 DA - March 2006 SP - 2163 EP - 2172 VL - 188 IS - 6 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Iron-Sulfur Proteins KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - 7LP2MPO46S KW - iron hydrogenase KW - EC 1.12.- KW - Hydrogenase KW - EC 1.12.7.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Recombinant Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Blotting, Western KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Catalytic Domain -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - S-Adenosylmethionine -- metabolism KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Catalytic Domain -- physiology KW - Iron-Sulfur Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Hydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Hydrogenase -- isolation & purification KW - Hydrogenase -- genetics KW - Iron-Sulfur Proteins -- genetics KW - Iron-Sulfur Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Clostridium acetobutylicum -- enzymology KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology KW - Hydrogenase -- biosynthesis KW - Clostridium acetobutylicum -- genetics KW - Iron-Sulfur Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67713659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.atitle=Functional+studies+of+%5BFeFe%5D+hydrogenase+maturation+in+an+Escherichia+coli+biosynthetic+system.&rft.au=King%2C+Paul+W%3BPosewitz%2C+Matthew+C%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria+L%3BSeibert%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2006-03-01&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-04-10 N1 - Date created - 2006-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Feb 29;1490(3):269-78 [10684972] FEBS Lett. 2005 Jan 17;579(2):469-72 [15642360] J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 2;276(9):6125-32 [11096090] J Am Chem Soc. 2001 Apr 25;123(16):3828-9 [11457119] J Am Chem Soc. 2001 Feb 28;123(8):1596-601 [11456758] J Bacteriol. 2001 Aug;183(16):4823-38 [11466286] FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2001 Aug;25(4):455-501 [11524134] J Biol Chem. 2001 Oct 19;276(42):38602-9 [11507093] Eur J Biochem. 2002 Feb;269(3):1022-32 [11846805] J Mol Biol. 2002 Mar 15;317(1):41-72 [11916378] Plant Physiol. 2002 Jul;129(3):993-1002 [12114555] Biochem Soc Trans. 2002 Aug;30(4):674-80 [12196162] J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 20;277(51):49945-51 [12377778] Science. 2003 Feb 14;299(5609):1067-70 [12586941] Chem Rev. 2003 Jun;103(6):2129-48 [12797826] Eur J Biochem. 2003 Jul;270(13):2750-8 [12823545] Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):76-9 [14704425] Eur J Biochem. 2004 Aug;271(16):3428-36 [15291820] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Mar 1;102(9):3236-41 [15728375] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 May;71(5):2777-81 [15870373] FEBS Lett. 2005 Sep 12;579(22):5055-60 [16137685] J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun 11;279(24):25711-20 [15082711] J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 13;279(33):34721-32 [15180982] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 31;101(35):12870-5 [15317939] Biochemistry. 2004 Sep 21;43(37):11770-81 [15362861] J Mol Biol. 2004 Nov 12;344(1):155-67 [15504408] J Am Chem Soc. 2004 Nov 3;126(43):14239-48 [15506791] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1982 Jan;213(1):37-44 [7036907] J Biol Chem. 1984 Jun 10;259(11):7045-55 [6327705] Eur J Biochem. 1987 Jan 2;162(1):31-6 [3028789] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul;86(13):4932-6 [2544883] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990 Nov 5;1020(2):115-45 [2173950] Mol Microbiol. 1991 Jan;5(1):123-35 [1849603] Biochemistry. 1991 Oct 8;30(40):9697-704 [1911757] Eur J Biochem. 1993 Jun 1;214(2):475-81 [8513797] Eur J Biochem. 1994 Jun 15;222(3):769-74 [8026490] J Biol Chem. 1994 Jul 29;269(30):19597-604 [8034728] Nature. 1995 Feb 16;373(6515):580-7 [7854413] Microbiology. 1995 Jan;141 ( Pt 1):171-80 [7894709] Eur J Biochem. 1995 May 15;230(1):133-8 [7601092] J Bacteriol. 1996 May;178(9):2668-75 [8626337] Arch Microbiol. 1996 May;165(5):333-41 [8661925] Biochemistry. 1998 Mar 3;37(9):2941-8 [9485446] Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1853-8 [9836629] Eur J Biochem. 1998 Dec 1;258(2):572-8 [9874225] Structure. 1999 Jan 15;7(1):13-23 [10368269] J Biochem. 1999 Jul;126(1):10-8 [10393315] J Biol Chem. 1999 Jul 9;274(28):19778-84 [10391920] J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 3;275(9):6234-40 [10692418] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of photovoltaic technologies in pollution prevention and environmental restoration AN - 50470796; 2009-035684 AB - Photovoltaic (PV) technologies generate direct current (DC) electricity through the action of sunlight falling on a doped semiconductor surface. The electricity thus produced can be used to power a wide variety of pollution prevention and environmental restoration applications. PV is compact, portable and easy to deploy, particularly in small sizes. PV systems capable of powering many environmental applications are commercially available, operate independently from the grid, and do not make noise or produce emissions. PV is often the most cost-effective power option for small applications, particularly when an application is located some distance from an existing power line. PV-powered sensors are widely used to sample water and air in facilities such as chemical plants, refineries and oil storage terminals to detect releases of toxic substances. It is also used to power fixed or mobile leak detectors along gas and oil pipelines. PV is frequently used to provide power for restoration tools, such as filters or skimmers, which remove oil, fuel and other hydrocarbons from groundwater. Off-the shelf units are capable of removing up to 12 gallons of floating oil per hour, or operating at well depths in excess of 100 feet. The paper will provide photos and descriptions of several of these applications, including leak-detection, air and water monitoring and oil-skimming. JF - Abstracts: Annual Meeting - American Association of Petroleum Geologists AU - Thornton, John AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2006 PY - 2006 DA - 2006 SP - 106 PB - American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, OK VL - 15 KW - protection KW - mitigation KW - technology KW - energy sources KW - pollutants KW - photovoltaic methods KW - pollution KW - preventive measures KW - solar energy KW - remediation KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50470796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts%3A+Annual+Meeting+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.atitle=Use+of+photovoltaic+technologies+in+pollution+prevention+and+environmental+restoration&rft.au=Thornton%2C+John%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts%3A+Annual+Meeting+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AAPG 2006 annual convention N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06983 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - energy sources; mitigation; photovoltaic methods; pollutants; pollution; preventive measures; protection; remediation; solar energy; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applications of photovoltaic technologies in oil and gas production AN - 50468303; 2009-035683 AB - Photovoltaics (PV), also known as electric power generated from the sun's energy, has long been used to power applications for the oil and gas industry. The first known oil and gas applications of PV are believed to have been for communications on offshore oil platforms during the 1970s. Since then, PV has been used to provide power for many applications including cathodic protection, both on land and offshore; injection of corrosion inhibitors into oil and gas wells; control of oil and gas wells and pipelines; RTU/SCADA (Remote Telemetry Units/Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition); lighting; and communications. One of the newer applications is to use photovoltaic or wind power to pump gas and oil to reduce the use of diesel fuel or grid-supplied electricity. In partnership with the Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center (RMOTC) in Casper Wyoming, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has been conducting experiments with a 500-watt photovoltaic array to ship oil from an intermediate collection point to a central collection point. The intermediate collection point stores oil from several stripper wells, collecting about 30 barrels per day. When sunlight is available, the oil is shipped to the central collection point. Several different system configurations have been tested to date. The paper will describe the system configurations tested, the results of the experiments and future planned experiments. It will also recommend approaches for further development and testing of a pre-commercial system. JF - Abstracts: Annual Meeting - American Association of Petroleum Geologists AU - Thornton, John AU - Meidinger, Brian AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2006 PY - 2006 DA - 2006 SP - 106 PB - American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, OK VL - 15 KW - petroleum engineering KW - cathodic protection KW - technology KW - offshore KW - energy sources KW - photovoltaic methods KW - applications KW - production KW - oil and gas fields KW - electrical currents KW - solar energy KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50468303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts%3A+Annual+Meeting+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.atitle=Applications+of+photovoltaic+technologies+in+oil+and+gas+production&rft.au=Thornton%2C+John%3BMeidinger%2C+Brian%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts%3A+Annual+Meeting+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AAPG 2006 annual convention N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #06983 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; cathodic protection; electrical currents; energy sources; offshore; oil and gas fields; petroleum engineering; photovoltaic methods; production; solar energy; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving the technical, environmental and social performance of wind energy systems using biomass-based energy storage AN - 19705608; 6706274 AB - A completely renewable baseload electricity generation system is proposed by combining wind energy, compressed air energy storage, and biomass gasification. This system can eliminate problems associated with wind intermittency and provide a source of electrical energy functionally equivalent to a large fossil or nuclear power plant. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) can be economically deployed in the Midwestern US, an area with significant low-cost wind resources. CAES systems require a combustible fuel, typically natural gas, which results in fuel price risk and greenhouse gas emissions. Replacing natural gas with synfuel derived from biomass gasification eliminates the use of fossil fuels, virtually eliminating net CO sub(2) emissions from the system. In addition, by deriving energy completely from farm sources, this type of system may reduce some opposition to long distance transmission lines in rural areas, which may be an obstacle to large-scale wind deployment. JF - Renewable Energy AU - Denholm, Paul AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401- 3393, USA, paul_denholm@nrel.gov Y1 - 2006 PY - 2006 DA - 2006 SP - 1355 EP - 1370 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 31 IS - 9 SN - 0960-1481, 0960-1481 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Wind KW - Compressed air energy storage KW - Biomass gasification KW - Transmission KW - Fossil fuels KW - Fuels KW - Biomass KW - Natural gas KW - Storage KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Wind energy KW - Electric power generation KW - Renewable energy KW - farms KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Emissions KW - Nuclear energy KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Carbon dioxide KW - gasification KW - Rural areas KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19705608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renewable+Energy&rft.atitle=Improving+the+technical%2C+environmental+and+social+performance+of+wind+energy+systems+using+biomass-based+energy+storage&rft.au=Denholm%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Denholm&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Renewable+Energy&rft.issn=09601481&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.renene.2005.07.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fossil fuels; Fuels; Biomass; Natural gas; Storage; Nuclear power plants; Wind energy; farms; Renewable energy; Electric power generation; Nuclear fuels; Emissions; Nuclear energy; Carbon dioxide; Greenhouse gases; gasification; Rural areas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2005.07.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catalyst Transport in Corn Stover Internodes Elucidating Transport Nechanisms Using Direct Blue-I AN - 19452335; 6988067 AB - The transport of catalysts (chemicals and enzymes) within plant biomass is believed to be a major bottleneck during thermochemical pretreatment and enzymatic conversion of lignocellulose. Subjecting biomass to size reduction and mechanical homogenization can reduce catalyst transport limitations; however, such processing adds complexity and cost to the overall process. Using high-resolution light microscopy, we have monitored the transport of an aqueous solution of Direct Blue-I (DB-I) dye through intact corn internodes under a variety of impregnation conditions. DB-I is a hydrophilic anionic dye with affinity for cellulose. This model system has enabled us to visualize likely barriers and mechanisms of catalyst transport in corn stems. Microscopic images were compared with calculated degrees of saturation (i.e., volume fraction of internode void space occupied by dye solution) to correlate impregnation strategies with dye distribution and transport mechanisms. Results show the waxy rind exterior and air trapped within individual cells to be the major barriers to dye transport, whereas the vascular bundles, apoplastic continuum (i.e., the intercellular void space at cell junctions), and fissures formed during the drying process provided the most utilized pathways for transport. Although representing only 20-30% of the internode volume, complete saturation of the apoplast and vascular bundles by fluid allowed dye contact with a majority of the cells in the internode interior. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Viamajala, S AU - Selig, MJ AU - Vinzant, T B AU - Tucker, M P AU - Himmel, ME AU - McMillan, J D AU - Decker AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2006 PY - 2006 DA - 2006 SP - 509 EP - 527 VL - 130 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - lignocellulose KW - apoplast KW - Cellulose KW - Drying KW - Enzymes KW - Cell junctions KW - Catalysts KW - Biomass KW - Stems KW - Vascular system KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19452335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Catalyst+Transport+in+Corn+Stover+Internodes+Elucidating+Transport+Nechanisms+Using+Direct+Blue-I&rft.au=Viamajala%2C+S%3BSelig%2C+MJ%3BVinzant%2C+T+B%3BTucker%2C+M+P%3BHimmel%2C+ME%3BMcMillan%2C+J+D%3BDecker&rft.aulast=Viamajala&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lignocellulose; apoplast; Cellulose; Cell junctions; Enzymes; Drying; Catalysts; Stems; Biomass; Vascular system ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metal oxide sensor arrays for the detection, differentiation, and quantification of volatile organic compounds at sub-parts-per-million concentration levels AN - 17117370; 6740571 AB - Sensor arrays were constructed using commercially available heated metal oxide sensors (Figaro TGS2602). These arrays were exposed to several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air streams at concentrations levels in the range 0.01-0.30 parts-per-million (ppmv), a range typical of indoor air quality studies. Partial least squares (PLS-2) calibration models were developed using the steady-state sensor array responses. These PLS-2 calibration models were able to detect, differentiate, and quantify different VOCs at concentration typical of indoor environments. JF - Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical AU - Wolfrum, Edward J AU - Meglen, Robert M AU - Peterson, Darren AU - Sluiter, Justin AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard MS 3322, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2006 PY - 2006 DA - 2006 SP - 322 EP - 329 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 115 IS - 1 SN - 0925-4005, 0925-4005 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Electronic nose KW - Air quality KW - Metal oxide sensor KW - Sensor array KW - Multivariate calibration KW - VOC sensor KW - Particle size KW - Air pollution KW - Pollution detection KW - Sensors KW - Indoor air pollution KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17117370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sensors+and+Actuators+B%3A+Chemical&rft.atitle=Metal+oxide+sensor+arrays+for+the+detection%2C+differentiation%2C+and+quantification+of+volatile+organic+compounds+at+sub-parts-per-million+concentration+levels&rft.au=Wolfrum%2C+Edward+J%3BMeglen%2C+Robert+M%3BPeterson%2C+Darren%3BSluiter%2C+Justin&rft.aulast=Wolfrum&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sensors+and+Actuators+B%3A+Chemical&rft.issn=09254005&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.snb.2005.09.026 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Particle size; Pollution detection; Sensors; Indoor air pollution; Volatile organic compounds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2005.09.026 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Options for Lignocellulosic Biorefineries T2 - 2005 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 2005) AN - 39864115; 4057685 DE: JF - 2005 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 2005) AU - Kelley, S S AU - Sheehan, J Y1 - 2005/12/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Dec 15 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39864115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+International+Chemical+Congress+of+Pacific+Basin+Societies+%28PACIFICHEM+2005%29&rft.atitle=Options+for+Lignocellulosic+Biorefineries&rft.au=Kelley%2C+S+S%3BSheehan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2005-12-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+International+Chemical+Congress+of+Pacific+Basin+Societies+%28PACIFICHEM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.pacifichem.org/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Renewable Hydrogen: Direct Conversion of Photons to Fuel on Iii-V Nitrides T2 - 2005 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 2005) AN - 39779624; 4066436 JF - 2005 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 2005) AU - Deutsch, T G AU - Turner, J A AU - Koval, C A Y1 - 2005/12/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Dec 15 KW - Hydrogen KW - Fuels KW - Photons KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39779624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+International+Chemical+Congress+of+Pacific+Basin+Societies+%28PACIFICHEM+2005%29&rft.atitle=Renewable+Hydrogen%3A+Direct+Conversion+of+Photons+to+Fuel+on+Iii-V+Nitrides&rft.au=Deutsch%2C+T+G%3BTurner%2C+J+A%3BKoval%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Deutsch&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2005-12-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+International+Chemical+Congress+of+Pacific+Basin+Societies+%28PACIFICHEM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.pacifichem.org/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hydricity, Proton Relays and the Development of Molecular Catalysts for Hydrogen Oxidation, Production and Storage T2 - 2005 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 2005) AN - 39777936; 4067484 JF - 2005 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 2005) AU - DuBois, D L AU - Henry, R M AU - Wilson, A AU - DuBois, M Rakowski AU - Blake, D Y1 - 2005/12/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Dec 15 KW - Oxidation KW - Catalysts KW - Hydrogen KW - Storage KW - Protons KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39777936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+International+Chemical+Congress+of+Pacific+Basin+Societies+%28PACIFICHEM+2005%29&rft.atitle=Hydricity%2C+Proton+Relays+and+the+Development+of+Molecular+Catalysts+for+Hydrogen+Oxidation%2C+Production+and+Storage&rft.au=DuBois%2C+D+L%3BHenry%2C+R+M%3BWilson%2C+A%3BDuBois%2C+M+Rakowski%3BBlake%2C+D&rft.aulast=DuBois&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2005-12-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+International+Chemical+Congress+of+Pacific+Basin+Societies+%28PACIFICHEM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.pacifichem.org/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Novel Tools for Quantitative Analysis of Biomass T2 - 2005 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 2005) AN - 39771228; 4057856 JF - 2005 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 2005) AU - Kelley, S S AU - Rials, T G Y1 - 2005/12/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Dec 15 KW - Biomass KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39771228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+International+Chemical+Congress+of+Pacific+Basin+Societies+%28PACIFICHEM+2005%29&rft.atitle=Novel+Tools+for+Quantitative+Analysis+of+Biomass&rft.au=Kelley%2C+S+S%3BRials%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2005-12-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+International+Chemical+Congress+of+Pacific+Basin+Societies+%28PACIFICHEM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.pacifichem.org/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Towards Exciton Splitting for Higher Efficiency Solar Cells T2 - 2005 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 2005) AN - 39754109; 4063005 JF - 2005 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 2005) AU - Michl, J AU - Johnson, J C AU - Nozik, A J AU - Paci, I AU - Ratner, M A AU - Popovic, D B AU - David, D E AU - Chen, X AU - Rana, G Y1 - 2005/12/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Dec 15 KW - Splitting KW - Solar cells KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39754109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+International+Chemical+Congress+of+Pacific+Basin+Societies+%28PACIFICHEM+2005%29&rft.atitle=Towards+Exciton+Splitting+for+Higher+Efficiency+Solar+Cells&rft.au=Michl%2C+J%3BJohnson%2C+J+C%3BNozik%2C+A+J%3BPaci%2C+I%3BRatner%2C+M+A%3BPopovic%2C+D+B%3BDavid%2C+D+E%3BChen%2C+X%3BRana%2C+G&rft.aulast=Michl&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2005-12-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+International+Chemical+Congress+of+Pacific+Basin+Societies+%28PACIFICHEM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.pacifichem.org/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Understanding the Interactions of Amino-Acid with Colloidal Quantum Dots T2 - 2005 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 2005) AN - 39672078; 4061399 DE: JF - 2005 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 2005) AU - Rumbles, G AU - Jones, M AU - Ai, X. AU - Ding, S AU - Xu, Q. AU - Tucker, M AU - Zhang, S AU - Kim, Y AU - Himmel, M Y1 - 2005/12/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Dec 15 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39672078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+International+Chemical+Congress+of+Pacific+Basin+Societies+%28PACIFICHEM+2005%29&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+Interactions+of+Amino-Acid+with+Colloidal+Quantum+Dots&rft.au=Rumbles%2C+G%3BJones%2C+M%3BAi%2C+X.%3BDing%2C+S%3BXu%2C+Q.%3BTucker%2C+M%3BZhang%2C+S%3BKim%2C+Y%3BHimmel%2C+M&rft.aulast=Rumbles&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2005-12-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+International+Chemical+Congress+of+Pacific+Basin+Societies+%28PACIFICHEM+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.pacifichem.org/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature dependence of excitonic radiative decay in CdSe quantum dots: the role of surface hole traps. AN - 68900219; 16351178 AB - Using atomistic, semiempirical pseudopotential calculations, we show that if one assumes the simplest form of a surface state in a CdSe nanocrystal--an unpassivated surface anion site--one can explain theoretically several puzzling aspects regarding the observed temperature dependence of the radiative decay of excitons. In particular, our calculations show that the presence of surface states leads to a mixing of the dark and bright exciton states, resulting in a decrease of 3 orders of magnitude of the dark-exciton radiative lifetime. This result explains the persistence of the zero-phonon emission line at low temperature, for which thermal population of higher-energy bright-exciton states is negligible. Thus, we suggest that surface states are the controlling factor of dark-exciton radiative recombination in currently synthesized colloidal CdSe nanocrystals. JF - Nano letters AU - Califano, Marco AU - Franceschetti, Alberto AU - Zunger, Alex AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. Y1 - 2005/12// PY - 2005 DA - December 2005 SP - 2360 EP - 2364 VL - 5 IS - 12 SN - 1530-6984, 1530-6984 KW - Cadmium Compounds KW - 0 KW - Colloids KW - Selenium Compounds KW - cadmium selenide KW - A7F646JC5C KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Colloids -- radiation effects KW - Colloids -- chemistry KW - Radiometry KW - Half-Life KW - Kinetics KW - Colloids -- analysis KW - Temperature KW - Light KW - Materials Testing KW - Surface Properties KW - Selenium Compounds -- radiation effects KW - Cadmium Compounds -- radiation effects KW - Selenium Compounds -- analysis KW - Quantum Dots KW - Crystallization -- methods KW - Cadmium Compounds -- analysis KW - Nanotechnology -- methods KW - Selenium Compounds -- chemistry KW - Cadmium Compounds -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/68900219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nano+letters&rft.atitle=Temperature+dependence+of+excitonic+radiative+decay+in+CdSe+quantum+dots%3A+the+role+of+surface+hole+traps.&rft.au=Califano%2C+Marco%3BFranceschetti%2C+Alberto%3BZunger%2C+Alex&rft.aulast=Califano&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft.date=2005-12-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nano+letters&rft.issn=15306984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-01-23 N1 - Date created - 2005-12-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - b-d-Glucosidase reaction kinetics from isothermal titration microcalorimetry AN - 21344453; 7536649 AB - The cellobiase activities of nine thermal stable mutants of Thermobifida fusca BglC were assayed by isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC). The mutations were previously generated using random mutagenesis and identified by high-temperature screening as imparting improved thermal stability to the b-d-glucosidase enzyme. Analysis of the substrate-saturation curves obtained by ITC for the wild-type enzyme and the nine thermally stabilized mutants revealed that the wild type and all the mutants were subject to binding of a second substrate molecule. Furthermore, the 'inhibited' enzyme-substrate complexes were shown to retain catalytic activity. In the case of three of the BglC mutants (N178I, N317Y/L444F, and N317Y/L444F/A433V), binding of a second substrate molecule resulted in improved cellobiose turnover rates at lower substrate concentrations. No correlation between denaturation temperatures of the mutants and activity on cellobiose at 25°C was evident. However, one particular mutant, BglC S319C, was significantly improved in both thermal tolerance and cellobiase activity with respect to those of the wild-type BglC. The triple mutant, N317Y/L444F/A433V, had a 5°C increase in denaturation temperature while maintaining activity levels similar to that of the wild type at higher substrate concentrations. ITC provided a highly sensitive and nondestructive means to continuously monitor the reaction of BglC with cellobiose, resulting in abundant data sets that could be rigorously analyzed by fitting to known enzyme kinetics models. One distinct advantage of using data from the ITC was the empirical validation of the pseudo steady state assumption, a necessary condition for obtaining solutions to the proposed mechanisms. JF - Analytical Biochemistry AU - Jeoh, Tina AU - Baker, John O AU - Ali, Mursheda K AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Adney, William S AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA, tina_jeoh@nrel.gov Y1 - 2005/12// PY - 2005 DA - Dec 2005 SP - 244 EP - 253 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 347 IS - 2 SN - 0003-2697, 0003-2697 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - b-Glucosidase KW - Cellobiase KW - Isothermal titration microcalorimetry KW - Enzyme kinetics KW - Substrate inhibition KW - Temperature effects KW - random mutagenesis KW - Denaturation KW - Data processing KW - cellobiose KW - Kinetics KW - Titration KW - Enzymes KW - Thermal stability KW - Mutation KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21344453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=b-d-Glucosidase+reaction+kinetics+from+isothermal+titration+microcalorimetry&rft.au=Jeoh%2C+Tina%3BBaker%2C+John+O%3BAli%2C+Mursheda+K%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BAdney%2C+William+S&rft.aulast=Jeoh&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft.date=2005-12-01&rft.volume=347&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00032697&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ab.2005.09.031 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; random mutagenesis; Data processing; Denaturation; cellobiose; Kinetics; Titration; Enzymes; Thermal stability; Mutation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2005.09.031 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved Accounting of Emissions from Utility Energy Storage System Operation AN - 17229643; 6942891 AB - Several proposed utility-scale energy storage systems in the U.S. will use the spare output capacity of existing electric power systems to create the equivalent of new load-following plants that can rapidly respond to fluctuations in electricity demand and increase the flexibility of baseload generators. New energy storage systems using additional generation from existing plants can directly compete with new traditional sources of load-following and peaking electricity, yet this application of energy storage is not required to meet many of the Clean Air Act standards required of new electricity generators (e.g., coal- or gas-fired power plants). This study evaluates the total emissions that will likely result from the operation of a new energy storage facility when coupled with an average existing U.S. coal-fired power plant and estimates that the emission rates of SO sub(2) and NO sub(x) will be considerably higher than the rate of a new plant meeting Clean Air Act standards, even accounting for the efficiency benefits of energy storage. This study suggests that improved emissions "accounting" might be necessary to provide accurate environmental comparisons between energy storage and more traditional sources of electricity generation. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Denholm, P AU - Holloway, T AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA, paul_denholm@nrel.gov Y1 - 2005/12/01/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Dec 01 SP - 9016 EP - 9022 VL - 39 IS - 23 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Storage KW - Clean Air Act KW - Energy efficiency KW - USA KW - Electric power KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Emissions KW - Power plants KW - Emission standards KW - accounting KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17229643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Improved+Accounting+of+Emissions+from+Utility+Energy+Storage+System+Operation&rft.au=Denholm%2C+P%3BHolloway%2C+T&rft.aulast=Denholm&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2005-12-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=9016&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes0505898 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clean Air Act; Storage; Energy efficiency; Electric power; Sulfur dioxide; Emission standards; Power plants; Emissions; accounting; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0505898 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Self-Excitation and Harmonics in Wind Power Generation AN - 20863375; 8048926 AB - Traditional wind turbines are commonly equipped with induction generators because they are inexpensive, rugged, and require very little maintenance. Unfortunately, induction generators require reactive power from the grid to operate; capacitor compensation is often used. Because the level of required reactive power varies with the output power, the capacitor compensation must be adjusted as the output power varies. The interactions among the wind turbine, the power network, and the capacitor compensation are important aspects of wind generation that may result in self-excitation and higher harmonic content in the output current. This paper examines the factors that control these phenomena and gives some guidelines on how they can be controlled or eliminated. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Muljadi, E AU - Butterfield, C P AU - Romanowitz, H AU - Yinger, R AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 Y1 - 2005/11// PY - 2005 DA - Nov 2005 SP - 581 EP - 587 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 127 IS - 4 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Wind energy KW - guidelines KW - Solar energy KW - Maintenance KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20863375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Self-Excitation+and+Harmonics+in+Wind+Power+Generation&rft.au=Muljadi%2C+E%3BButterfield%2C+C+P%3BRomanowitz%2C+H%3BYinger%2C+R&rft.aulast=Muljadi&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2005-11-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.2047590 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind energy; guidelines; Solar energy; Maintenance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2047590 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blade Three-Dimensional Dynamic Stall Response to Wind Turbine Operating Condition AN - 20641527; 8048916 AB - To further reduce the cost of wind energy, future turbine designs will continue to migrate toward lighter and more flexible structures. Thus, the accuracy and reliability of aerodynamic load prediction has become a primary consideration in turbine design codes. Dynamically stalled flows routinely generated during yawed operation are powerful and potentially destructive, as well as complex and difficult to model. As a prerequisite to aerodynamics model improvements, wind turbine dynamic stall must be characterized in detail and thoroughly understood. The current study analyzed turbine blade surface pressure data and local inflow data acquired by the NREL Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment during the NASA Ames wind tunnel experiment. Analyses identified and characterized two key dynamic stall processes, vortex initiation and vortex convection, across a broad parameter range. Results showed that both initiation and convection exhibited pronounced three-dimensional kinematics, which responded in systematic fashion to variations in wind speed, turbine yaw angle, and radial location. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Schreck, S AU - Robinson, M AD - Applied Research Division, NREL's National Wind Technology Center, Golden, CO 80401 Y1 - 2005/11// PY - 2005 DA - Nov 2005 SP - 488 EP - 495 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 127 IS - 4 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Velocity KW - convection KW - Turbines KW - Wind energy KW - Aerodynamics KW - inflow KW - Solar energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20641527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Blade+Three-Dimensional+Dynamic+Stall+Response+to+Wind+Turbine+Operating+Condition&rft.au=Schreck%2C+S%3BRobinson%2C+M&rft.aulast=Schreck&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2005-11-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=488&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.2035706 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Wind energy; Aerodynamics; inflow; Velocity; convection; Solar energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2035706 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Engineering Challenges for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines T2 - 2005 Copenhagen Offshore Wind Conference and Exhibition AN - 39728084; 4025574 JF - 2005 Copenhagen Offshore Wind Conference and Exhibition AU - Butterfield, Sandy Y1 - 2005/10/26/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Oct 26 KW - Wind KW - Turbines KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39728084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2005+Copenhagen+Offshore+Wind+Conference+and+Exhibition&rft.atitle=Engineering+Challenges+for+Floating+Offshore+Wind+Turbines&rft.au=Butterfield%2C+Sandy&rft.aulast=Butterfield&rft.aufirst=Sandy&rft.date=2005-10-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2005+Copenhagen+Offshore+Wind+Conference+and+Exhibition&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://offshore.windpower.org/media(842,1033)/program.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The sustainable hydrogen economy AN - 51681843; 2005-062837 JF - Geotimes AU - Turner, John A Y1 - 2005/08// PY - 2005 DA - August 2005 SP - 7 PB - American Geological Institute, Alexandria, VA VL - 50 IS - 8 SN - 0016-8556, 0016-8556 KW - technology KW - energy sources KW - hydrogen KW - economics KW - possibilities KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51681843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geotimes&rft.atitle=The+sustainable+hydrogen+economy&rft.au=Turner%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2005-08-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geotimes&rft.issn=00168556&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.geotimes.org/current/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEOTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - economics; energy sources; hydrogen; possibilities; technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solar radiation modeling and measurements for renewable energy applications: data and model quality AN - 20835237; 6113503 AB - Measurement and modeling of broadband and spectral terrestrial solar radiation is important for the evaluation and deployment of solar renewable energy systems. We discuss recent developments in the calibration of broadband solar radiometric instrumentation and improving broadband solar radiation measurement accuracy. An improved diffuse sky reference and radiometer calibration and characterization software for outdoor pyranometer calibrations are outlined. Several broadband solar radiation model approaches, including some developed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, for estimating direct beam, total hemispherical and diffuse sky radiation are briefly reviewed. The latter include the Bird clear sky model for global, direct beam, and diffuse terrestrial solar radiation; the Direct Insolation Simulation Code (DISC) for estimating direct beam radiation from global measurements; and the METSTAT (Meteorological and Statistical) and Climatological Solar Radiation (CSR) models that estimate solar radiation from meteorological data. We conclude that currently the best model uncertainties are representative of the uncertainty in measured data. JF - Energy (Oxford) AU - Myers AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA, daryl_myers@nrel.gov Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - Jul 2005 SP - 1517 EP - 1531 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 30 IS - 9 SN - 0360-5442, 0360-5442 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Computer programs KW - Radiation KW - Renewable energy KW - Reviews KW - Climate KW - Simulation KW - insolation KW - Meteorology KW - Solar radiation KW - Energy sources KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20835237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%28Oxford%29&rft.atitle=Solar+radiation+modeling+and+measurements+for+renewable+energy+applications%3A+data+and+model+quality&rft.au=Myers&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1517&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%28Oxford%29&rft.issn=03605442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.energy.2004.04.034 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; Radiation; Reviews; Renewable energy; Climate; insolation; Simulation; Meteorology; Solar radiation; Energy sources DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2004.04.034 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Policies and market factors driving wind power development in the United States AN - 20762248; 7764597 AB - In the United States, there has been substantial recent growth in wind energy generating capacity, with growth averaging 24 percent annually during the past five years. About 1700MW of wind energy capacity was installed in 2001, while another 410MW became operational in 2002. During 2003, development activity has remained strong, with an estimated 1600MW of capacity installed. With this growth, an increasing number of States are experiencing investment in wind energy projects: currently about half of all States host at least one wind power project. This paper explores the key factors at play in the 12 States in which a substantial amount of wind energy capacity has been developed or planned. Some of the factors that are examined include policy drivers, such as Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), Federal and State financial incentives; as well as market drivers, such as consumer demand for green power, natural gas price volatility, and wholesale market rules. JF - Energy Policy AU - Bird, Lori AU - Bolinger, Mark AU - Gagliano, Troy AU - Wiser, Ryan AU - Brown, Matthew AU - Parsons, Brian AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Energy Analysis Office, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA, lori_bird@nrel.gov Y1 - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DA - Jul 2005 SP - 1397 EP - 1407 PB - Elsevier Science, Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 33 IS - 11 SN - 0301-4215, 0301-4215 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Renewable energy policy KW - Wind energy development KW - Wind energy markets KW - USA KW - Wind energy KW - energy policy KW - portfolios KW - Natural gas KW - uncertainty KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20762248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Policy&rft.atitle=Policies+and+market+factors+driving+wind+power+development+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Bird%2C+Lori%3BBolinger%2C+Mark%3BGagliano%2C+Troy%3BWiser%2C+Ryan%3BBrown%2C+Matthew%3BParsons%2C+Brian&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Policy&rft.issn=03014215&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enpol.2003.12.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind energy; energy policy; portfolios; Natural gas; uncertainty; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2003.12.018 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Energy Generation from the CO Oxidation-Hydrogen Production Pathway in Rubrivivax gelatinosus AN - 17643169; 6415891 AB - When incubated in the presence of CO gas, Rubrivivax gelatinosus CBS induces a CO oxidation-H sub(2) production pathway according to the stoichiometry CO + H sub(2)O arrow right CO sub(2) + H sub(2). Once induced, this pathway proceeds equally well in both light and darkness. When light is not present, CO can serve as the sole carbon source, supporting cell growth anaerobically with a cell doubling time of nearly 2 days. This observation suggests that the CO oxidation reaction yields energy. Indeed, new ATP synthesis was detected in darkness following CO additions to the gas phase of the culture, in contrast to the case for a control that received an inert gas such as argon. When the CO-to-H sub(2) activity was determined in the presence of the electron transport uncoupler carbonyl-cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), the rate of H sub(2) production from CO oxidation was enhanced nearly 40% compared to that of the control. Upon the addition of the ATP synthase inhibitor N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), we observed an inhibition of H sub(2) production from CO oxidation which could be reversed upon the addition of CCCP. Collectively, these data strongly suggest that the CO-to-H sub(2) reaction yields ATP driven by a transmembrane proton gradient, but the detailed mechanism of this reaction is not yet known. These findings encourage additional research aimed at long-term H sub(2) production from gas streams containing CO. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Maness, Pin-Ching AU - Huang, Jie AU - Smolinski, Sharon AU - Tek, Vekalet AU - Vanzin, Gary AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 Y1 - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DA - Jun 2005 SP - 2870 EP - 2874 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 71 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Bacteria KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - A 01014:Others KW - Q1 01206:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - W2 32550:Energy, minerals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17643169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Energy+Generation+from+the+CO+Oxidation-Hydrogen+Production+Pathway+in+Rubrivivax+gelatinosus&rft.au=Maness%2C+Pin-Ching%3BHuang%2C+Jie%3BSmolinski%2C+Sharon%3BTek%2C+Vekalet%3BVanzin%2C+Gary&rft.aulast=Maness&rft.aufirst=Pin-Ching&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2870&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Highly efficient multiple exciton generation in colloidal PbSe and PbS quantum dots. AN - 67821684; 15884885 AB - We report ultra-efficient multiple exciton generation (MEG) for single photon absorption in colloidal PbSe and PbS quantum dots (QDs). We employ transient absorption spectroscopy and present measurement data acquired for both intraband as well as interband probe energies. Quantum yields of 300% indicate the creation, on average, of three excitons per absorbed photon for PbSe QDs at photon energies that are four times the QD energy gap. Results indicate that the threshold photon energy for MEG in QDs is twice the lowest exciton absorption energy. We find that the biexciton effect, which shifts the transition energy for absorption of a second photon, influences the early time transient absorption data and may contribute to a modulation observed when probing near the lowest interband transition. We present experimental and theoretical values of the size-dependent interband transition energies for PbSe QDs. We present experimental and theoretical values of the size-dependent interband transition energies for PbSe QDs, and we also introduce a new model for MEG based on the coherent superposition of multiple excitonic states. JF - Nano letters AU - Ellingson, Randy J AU - Beard, Matthew C AU - Johnson, Justin C AU - Yu, Pingrong AU - Micic, Olga I AU - Nozik, Arthur J AU - Shabaev, Andrew AU - Efros, Alexander L AD - Center for Basic Sciences, National Renewable Energy Laborarory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. randy_ellington@nrel.gov Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 865 EP - 871 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1530-6984, 1530-6984 KW - Colloids KW - 0 KW - Selenium Compounds KW - Sulfides KW - lead selenide KW - 12069-00-0 KW - lead sulfide KW - 2425D15SYM KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Colloids -- radiation effects KW - Colloids -- chemistry KW - Light KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Materials Testing KW - Selenium Compounds -- radiation effects KW - Photochemistry -- methods KW - Selenium Compounds -- analysis KW - Quantum Dots KW - Sulfides -- analysis KW - Sulfides -- chemistry KW - Lead -- chemistry KW - Sulfides -- radiation effects KW - Selenium Compounds -- chemistry KW - Lead -- radiation effects KW - Lead -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67821684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nano+letters&rft.atitle=Highly+efficient+multiple+exciton+generation+in+colloidal+PbSe+and+PbS+quantum+dots.&rft.au=Ellingson%2C+Randy+J%3BBeard%2C+Matthew+C%3BJohnson%2C+Justin+C%3BYu%2C+Pingrong%3BMicic%2C+Olga+I%3BNozik%2C+Arthur+J%3BShabaev%2C+Andrew%3BEfros%2C+Alexander+L&rft.aulast=Ellingson&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nano+letters&rft.issn=15306984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-06-24 N1 - Date created - 2005-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost Analysis of Solar Reflective Hard-Coat Materials Deposited by Ion-Beam-Assisted Deposition AN - 20865328; 8048886 AB - Commercialization of concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies require the development of advanced reflector materials that are low cost and maintain high specular reflectance for extended lifetimes under severe outdoor environments. During the past nine years, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has funded Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) in McLean, Virginia, to develop a promising low-cost advanced solar reflective material (ASRM) combining the best of both thin-glass and silvered-polymer reflectors. The alumina (Al2O3) coating is deposited by ion-beam-assisted physical vapor deposition (IBAD). Materials undergoing testing demonstrate excellent durability under accelerated and outdoor weathering. To help commercialize the technology, NREL had a cost analysis performed incorporating realistic web coating assumptions and the technical improvements made in the ASRM. The biggest process cost items are the alumina and machine burden (which collects the cost of the building and office staff). The switch from a polyethylene terethaphalate (PET) to a steel substrate for the ASRM is a significant contributor to the cost. The cost of high-purity alumina should drop from $400 to $200/kg when purchased in 20 kg quantities. Alumina deposition rate then becomes the critical cost driver. In a previous study, deposition rates above 100 nm/s were not examined, but deposition rates greater than 100 nm/s are being used routinely for thin alumina coatings deposited on commercial web-coaters as barrier coatings. In addition, multiple (2-3) Al2O3 IBAD zones can be used in one roll-coating machine to deposit thicker alumina at a lower web speed. This means that with increasing deposition rate and/or multiple zones, the total production cost of the SAIC ASRM with 1 mm thick Al2O3 on PET will meet both the 1992 cost goal of $10.76/m2 ($1/ft2) and the equivalent cost goal of $13.79/m2 ($1.31/ft2) when the 1992 cost goal is corrected for inflation. There is a minimum deposition rate needed to reach the cost goal and a maximum deposition rate related to the number of zones after which no significant cost gains are observed. These asymptotic total production costs are $8.06/m2 ($7.39/m2 excluding substrate) for a large commercial web-coating company and $7.62/m2 ($6.94/m2 excluding substrate) for a smaller company. As can be seen by these numbers, the $10.76/m2 cost goal can be reached, but the cost of the substrate is still a major consideration. In addition, the width of the web was increased from 600 to 1200 mm, which decreased the asymptotic total production costs. The results of the cost analysis will be described. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Kennedy, C E AU - Swisher, R L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 1617 Cole Boulevard, M/S 3321, Golden, CO 80401-3393 Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 270 EP - 276 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 127 IS - 2 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - USA, Virginia KW - weathering KW - Vapors KW - Renewable energy KW - cost analysis KW - production costs KW - inflation KW - Steel KW - Solar energy KW - Coatings KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20865328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Cost+Analysis+of+Solar+Reflective+Hard-Coat+Materials+Deposited+by+Ion-Beam-Assisted+Deposition&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+C+E%3BSwisher%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1861925 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vapors; Renewable energy; cost analysis; Steel; inflation; production costs; Solar energy; weathering; Technology; Coatings; USA, Virginia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1861925 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optical Durability of Candidate Solar Reflectors AN - 20864074; 8048885 AB - Concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies use large mirrors to collect sunlight to convert thermal energy to electricity. The viability of CSP systems requires the development of advanced reflector materials that are low in cost and maintain high specular reflectance for extended lifetimes under severe outdoor environments. The long-standing goals for a solar reflector are specular reflectance above 90% into a 4 mrad half-cone angle for at least 10 years outdoors with a cost of less than $13.8 /m2 (the 1992 $10.8 /m2 goal corrected for inflation to 2002 dollars) when manufactured in large volumes. Durability testing of a variety of candidate solar reflector materials at outdoor test sites and in laboratory accelerated weathering chambers is the main activity within the Advanced Materials task of the CSP Program at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado. Test results to date for several candidate solar reflector materials will be presented. These include the optical durability of thin glass, thick glass, aluminized reflectors, front-surface mirrors, and silvered polymer mirrors. The development, performance, and durability of these materials will be discussed. Based on accelerated exposure testing the glass, silvered polymer, and front-surface mirrors may meet the 10 year lifetime goals, but at this time because of significant process changes none of the commercially available solar reflectors and advanced solar reflectors have demonstrated the 10 year or more aggressive 20 year lifetime goal. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Kennedy, C E AU - Terwilliger, K AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 1617 Cole Boulevard, M/S 3321, Golden, CO 80401-3393 Y1 - 2005/05// PY - 2005 DA - May 2005 SP - 262 EP - 269 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 127 IS - 2 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - sunlight KW - weathering KW - USA, Colorado KW - Renewable energy KW - inflation KW - Polymers KW - Solar energy KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20864074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Optical+Durability+of+Candidate+Solar+Reflectors&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+C+E%3BTerwilliger%2C+K&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1861926 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Renewable energy; inflation; sunlight; Polymers; Solar energy; weathering; Technology; USA, Colorado DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1861926 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electrochemical oxidation of water by a cellobiose dehydrogenase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium AN - 17100646; 6732037 AB - Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a redox protein containing two electron transfer centers; a flavin coenzyme performing a two-electron transfer reaction and an iron-heme coenzyme facilitating single-electron transfer. Purified CDH from Phanerochaete chrysosporium was immobilized on a pyrolytic graphite electrode and electron transfer from cellobiose to the electrode was generated. With cellobiose present during cyclic voltammetry, this novel enzyme/electrode system exhibited sharp, stable oxidation peaks with slower, though equivalent, reduction peaks. During cyclic voltammetry without substrate, the enzyme was rapidly oxidized during the initial scan, with no corresponding enzyme reduction during the reducing half of the cycle. After resting for several hours in aqueous buffer, the full oxidation current appeared again. These results suggest that the CDH is reduced by water splitting, albeit at a slow rate. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Feng, Jun AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Decker, Stephen R AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, CO 80401, USA, steve_decker@nrel.gov Y1 - 2005/04// PY - 2005 DA - Apr 2005 SP - 555 EP - 560 PB - Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany, [mailto:subscriptions@springer.de], [URL:http://www.springer.de/] VL - 27 IS - 8 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - Cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor) KW - Graphite KW - Electrodes KW - Oxidation KW - flavin KW - Coenzymes KW - Electron transfer KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17100646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Electrochemical+oxidation+of+water+by+a+cellobiose+dehydrogenase+from+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium&rft.au=Feng%2C+Jun%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=Jun&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10529-005-2881-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor); Graphite; flavin; Oxidation; Electrodes; Coenzymes; Electron transfer; Phanerochaete chrysosporium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-005-2881-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emissions and energy efficiency assessment of baseload wind energy systems. AN - 67720606; 15819254 AB - The combination of wind energy generation and energy storage can produce a source of electricity that is functionally equivalent to a baseload coal or nuclear power plant. A model was developed to assess the technical and environmental performance of baseload wind energy systems using compressed air energy storage. The analysis examined several systems that could be operated in the midwestern United States under a variety of operating conditions. The systems can produce substantially more energy than is required from fossil or other primary sources to construct and operate them. By operation at a capacity factor of 80%, each evaluated system achieves an effective primary energy efficiency of at least five times greater than the most efficient fossil combustion technology, with greenhouse gas emission rates less than 20% of the least emitting fossil technology currently available. Life-cycle emission rates of NOx and SO2 are also significantly lower than fossil-based systems. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Denholm, Paul AU - Kulcinski, Gerald L AU - Holloway, Tracey AD - University of Wisconsin--Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. paul_denholm@nrel.gov Y1 - 2005/03/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Mar 15 SP - 1903 EP - 1911 VL - 39 IS - 6 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Fossil Fuels KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Greenhouse Effect KW - Air Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Conservation of Energy Resources KW - Electricity KW - Wind UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67720606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Emissions+and+energy+efficiency+assessment+of+baseload+wind+energy+systems.&rft.au=Denholm%2C+Paul%3BKulcinski%2C+Gerald+L%3BHolloway%2C+Tracey&rft.aulast=Denholm&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2005-03-15&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-25 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acidic sugar degradation pathways. An ab initio molecular dynamics study AN - 879470578; 13858312 AB - Ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to elucidate xylose and glucose degradation pathways. In the case of xylose, a 2,5-anhydride intermediate was observed leading to the formation of furfural through elimination of water. This pathway agrees with one of the mechanisms proposed in the literature in that no open chain intermediates were found. In the case of glucose, a series of intermediates were observed before forming the 2,5-anhydride intermediate that eventually leads to hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). One of these intermediates was a very short-lived open-chain form. Furthermore, two novel side-reaction pathways were identified, which lead to degradation products other than HMF. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Qian, Xianghong AU - Nimlos, Mark R AU - Johnson, David K AU - Himmel, Michael E AD - Rx-Innovation, Inc., 80525, Fort Collins, CO, xianghong_qian@nrel.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - Mar 2005 SP - 989 EP - 997 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 124 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Xylose KW - Glucose KW - Molecular dynamics KW - Furfural KW - Degradation products KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879470578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Acidic+sugar+degradation+pathways.+An+ab+initio+molecular+dynamics+study&rft.au=Qian%2C+Xianghong%3BNimlos%2C+Mark+R%3BJohnson%2C+David+K%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=Xianghong&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A124%3A1-3%3A0989 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Xylose; Glucose; Molecular dynamics; Degradation products; Furfural DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:124:1-3:0989 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continuous hydrogen photoproduction by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using a novel two-stage, sulfate-limited chemostat system AN - 807291136; 13859047 AB - This study demonstrates, for the first time, that it is possible to couple sulfate-limited Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth to continuous H sub(2) photoproduction for more than 4000 h. A two-stage chemostat system physically separates photosynthetic growth from H sub(2) production, and it incorporates two automated photobioreactors (PhBRs). In the first PhBR, the algal cultures are grown aerobically in chemostat mode under limited sulfate to obtain photosynthetically competent cells. Active cells are then continuously delivered to the second PhBR, where H sub(2) production occurs under anaerobic conditions. The dependence of the H sub(2) production rate on sulfate concentration in the medium, dilution rates in the PhBRs, and incident light intensity is reported. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Fedorov, Alexander S AU - Kosourov, Sergey AU - Ghirardi, Maria L AU - Seibert, Michael AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Basic Science Center, 1617 Cole Boulevard, 80401, Golden, CO, maria_ghirardi@nrel.gov Y1 - 2005/03// PY - 2005 DA - March 2005 SP - 403 EP - 412 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 121 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Chlorophylls KW - Algal culture KW - Light intensity KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii KW - Hydrogen KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - photobioreactors KW - Sulfate KW - Growth KW - Anoxic conditions KW - Chemostats KW - algal culture KW - Biotechnology KW - W 30940:Products KW - Q3 08585:Plant culture KW - K 03320:Cell Biology KW - Q1 08585:Plant culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807291136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Continuous+hydrogen+photoproduction+by+Chlamydomonas+reinhardtii.+Using+a+novel+two-stage%2C+sulfate-limited+chemostat+system&rft.au=Fedorov%2C+Alexander+S%3BKosourov%2C+Sergey%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria+L%3BSeibert%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Fedorov&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A121%3A1-3%3A0403 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Algal culture; Chlorophylls; Growth; Anoxic conditions; Light intensity; Hydrogen; Biotechnology; Chemostats; algal culture; Anaerobic conditions; photobioreactors; Sulfate; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:121:1-3:0403 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of genes required for hydrogenase activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AN - 67379473; 15667277 AB - The eukaryotic green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, produces H(2) under anaerobic conditions, in a reaction catalysed by an [FeFe]-hydrogenase. To identify genes that influence H(2) production in C. reinhardtii, a library of 6000 colonies on agar plates was screened with sensitive chemochromic H(2)-sensor films for clones defective in H(2) production. Two mutants of particular interest were fully characterized. One mutant, hydEF-1, is unable to assemble an active [FeFe]-hydrogenase. This is the first reported C. reinhardtii mutant that is not capable of producing any H(2). The second mutant, sta7-10, is not able to accumulate insoluble starch and has significantly lowered H(2)-photoproduction rates in comparison with the wild-type. In hydEF-1, anaerobiosis induces transcription of the two reported C. reinhardtii hydrogenase genes, HydA1 and HydA2, indicating a normal transcriptional response to anaerobiosis. In contrast, the transcription of both hydrogenase genes in sta7-10 is significantly attenuated. JF - Biochemical Society transactions AU - Posewitz, M C AU - King, P W AU - Smolinski, S L AU - Smith, R Davis AU - Ginley, A R AU - Ghirardi, M L AU - Seibert, M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA. Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - February 2005 SP - 102 EP - 104 VL - 33 SN - 0300-5127, 0300-5127 KW - Hydrogenase KW - EC 1.12.7.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Mutagenesis KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- enzymology KW - Hydrogenase -- genetics KW - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67379473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Society+transactions&rft.atitle=Identification+of+genes+required+for+hydrogenase+activity+in+Chlamydomonas+reinhardtii.&rft.au=Posewitz%2C+M+C%3BKing%2C+P+W%3BSmolinski%2C+S+L%3BSmith%2C+R+Davis%3BGinley%2C+A+R%3BGhirardi%2C+M+L%3BSeibert%2C+M&rft.aulast=Posewitz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Society+transactions&rft.issn=03005127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-05 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular dynamics and experimental investigation of H sub(2) and O sub(2) diffusion in [Fe]-hydrogenase AN - 19465545; 7110470 AB - The [Fe]-hydrogenase enzymes are highly efficient H sub(2) catalysts found in ecologically and phylogenetically diverse microorganisms, including the photosynthetic green alga, Chiamydomonas reinhardtii. Although these enzymes can occur in several forms, H sub(2) catalysis takes place at a unique [FeS] prosthetic group or H-cluster, located at the active site. Significant to the function of hydrogenases is how the surrounding protein structure facilitates substrate-product transfer, and protects the active site H-cluster from inactivation. To elucidate the role of protein structure in O sub(2) inactivation of [Fe]-hydrogenases, experimental and theoretical investigations have been performed. Molecular dynamics was used to comparatively investigate O sub(2) and H sub(2) diffusion in Cpl ([Fe]-hydrogenase I from Closthdium pasteurianum). Our preliminary results suggest that H sub(2) diffuses more easily and freely than O sub(2), which is restricted to a small number of allowed pathways to and from the active site. These O sub(2) pathways are located in the conserved active site domain, shown experimentally to have an essential role in active site protection. JF - Biochemical Society Transactions AU - Cohen, J AU - Kim, K AU - Posewitz, M AU - Ghirardi, M L AU - Schulten, K AU - Seibert, M AU - King, P AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA, paul_king@nrel.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 80 EP - 82 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0300-5127, 0300-5127 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Protein structure KW - Phylogeny KW - Prosthetic groups KW - Microorganisms KW - Enzymes KW - Diffusion KW - Catalysts KW - Hydrogenase KW - Catalysis KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19465545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Society+Transactions&rft.atitle=Molecular+dynamics+and+experimental+investigation+of+H+sub%282%29+and+O+sub%282%29+diffusion+in+%5BFe%5D-hydrogenase&rft.au=Cohen%2C+J%3BKim%2C+K%3BPosewitz%2C+M%3BGhirardi%2C+M+L%3BSchulten%2C+K%3BSeibert%2C+M%3BKing%2C+P&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Society+Transactions&rft.issn=03005127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phylogeny; Protein structure; Prosthetic groups; Microorganisms; Enzymes; Diffusion; Catalysts; Hydrogenase; Catalysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nongovernmental valorization of carbon dioxide AN - 16189383; 6160320 AB - Carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) is considered the largest contributor to the greenhouse gas effect. Most attempts to manage the flow of CO sub(2) or carbon into our environment involve reducing net emissions or sequestering the gas into long-lived sinks. Using CO sub(2) as a chemical feedstock has a long history, but using it on scales that might impact the net emissions of CO sub(2) into the atmosphere has not generally been considered seriously. There is also a growing interest in employing our natural biomes of carbon such as trees, vegetation, and soils as storage media. Some amelioration of the net carbon emissions into the atmosphere could be achieved by concomitant large withdrawals of carbon. This report surveys the potential and limitations in employing carbon as a resource for organic chemicals, fuels, inorganic materials, and in using the biome to manage carbon. The outlook for each of these opportunities is also described. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Petersen, G AU - Viviani, D AU - Magrini-Bair, K AU - Kelley, S AU - Moens, L AU - Shepherd, P AU - DuBois, D AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, United States, gene_petersen@nrel.gov Y1 - 2005/02// PY - 2005 DA - Feb 2005 SP - 159 EP - 182 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 338 IS - 3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Managing carbon KW - Storage of carbon KW - Carbon storage in biomass and soils KW - Fuels KW - Chemicals and minerals KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Emissions KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Atmosphere KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16189383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Nongovernmental+valorization+of+carbon+dioxide&rft.au=Petersen%2C+G%3BViviani%2C+D%3BMagrini-Bair%2C+K%3BKelley%2C+S%3BMoens%2C+L%3BShepherd%2C+P%3BDuBois%2C+D&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.volume=338&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2004.06.025 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon sequestration; Emissions; Greenhouse gases; Carbon dioxide; Atmosphere DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.06.025 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Towards a wind energy climatology at advanced turbine hub heights AN - 19981669; 6680062 AB - The size and generation capacity of large utility-scale wind turbines have increased fairly rapidly for the past few years and this trend will continue. Typical turbines in the 1990s were rated below 1 MW, with rotor diameters of around 30 m to 50 m and hub-heights 40 m to 60 m above ground. In contrast, recent technological advances in wind turbine design have increased the generation capacity above 1 MW and raised the hub-height of the machines used in new wind farm projects to around 80 m above ground level. Some turbines currently under development for deployment during the second half of this decade will be rated between 2 MW and 5 MW generation with rotor diameters near 100 m and hub-heights from 100 m to 120 m above ground. These advanced turbines will take advantage of the higher wind speeds aloft to generate more wind energy, but for optimum siting and design of future wind farms specific knowledge of the local and regional wind climate at these heights is necessary. Measurements of the wind characteristics over a wide range of heights up to and above 100 m are useful not only to characterize the local and regional wind climate but also to validate wind resource estimates derived from numerical models, and evaluate changes in the wind characteristics and the wind shear over the rotor swept area. The vast majority of existing wind energy anemometer measurements have been taken at heights of 50 m or lower. State programs, supported by the United States Department of Energy (DOE), that are placing anemometers and vanes on existing tall (90 m +) communication towers have started to fill this data gap. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (DOE) has obtained much of these measurement data and has begun analyzing important wind climate parameters such as wind speed, power, and shear from the tall towers. The distribution of tall tower stations varies from state to state. This paper will concentrate on the results from the states of Kansas, Indiana, and Minnesota that have the greatest number of tall towers with measurement data. Analysis of local and regional wind climatology, plus horizontal and vertical gradients of wind potential from the tall-tower data in these states will start the process of developing a comprehensive climatology for wind energy development areas of the United States. JF - AMS Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation AU - Schwartz, Marc AU - Elliott, D Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 USA, [URL:http://ams.confex.com/ams/htsearch.cgi] KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Climate KW - USA, Kansas KW - Measuring instruments KW - wind measurement KW - USA, Minnesota KW - USA, Indiana KW - Turbines KW - Communications KW - Wind energy KW - Renewable energy KW - State programs KW - Meteorology KW - Climatology KW - Rotors KW - Wind KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.501:Methods of Observation/Computations (551.501) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19981669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Sustainability+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Marc%3BElliott%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Towards+a+wind+energy+climatology+at+advanced+turbine+hub+heights&rft.title=Towards+a+wind+energy+climatology+at+advanced+turbine+hub+heights&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/91911.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-03-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Session: Joint Poster Session 1, General Poster Session I (Joint with Applied Climatology, SMOI, and AASC) N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catalytically Enhanced Endocellulase Cel5A from Acidothermus cellulolyticus AN - 17520326; 6404831 AB - Acidothermus cellulolyticus was changed to Gly (Y245G) by designed mutation, the value of K sub(i) for inhibition of the enzyme by the product cellobiose was increased more than 1480%. This reduction in product inhibition enabled the mutant enzyme (used in conjunction with Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase-I) to release soluble sugars from biomass cellulose at a rate as much as 40% greater than that achieved by the wild-type (WT) enzyme. The mutant was designed on the basis of the previously published crystal structure of the WT enzyme/substrate complex (at a resolution of 2.4 Ae), which provided insights into the enzyme mechanism at the atomic level and identified Tyr245 as a key residue interacting with a leaving group. To determine the origin of the change in activity, the crystal structure of Y245G was solved at 2.4-Ae resolution to an R-factor of 0.19 (R-free = 0.25). To obtain additional information on the enzyme-product interactions, density functional calculations were performed on representative fragments of the WT Cel5A and Y245G. The combined results indicate that the loss of the platform (Y245G) and of a hydrogen bond (from a conformational change in Gln247) reduces the binding energy between product and enzyme by several kilo calories per mole. Both kinetic and structural analyses thus relate the increased enzymatic activity to reduced product inhibition. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Baker, JO AU - McCarley, J R AU - Lovett, R AU - Yu, Ching-Hsing AU - Adney, W S AU - Rignall, T R AU - Vinzant, T B AU - Decker AU - Sakon, J AU - Himmel, ME AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2005 PY - 2005 DA - 2005 SP - 0129 EP - 0148 VL - 121 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Cel5A protein KW - Endocellulase KW - Trichoderma reesei KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Calories KW - cellobiose KW - Cellulose KW - Biomass KW - Hydrogen bonding KW - Crystal structure KW - Hypocrea jecorina KW - Enzymatic activity KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17520326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Catalytically+Enhanced+Endocellulase+Cel5A+from+Acidothermus+cellulolyticus&rft.au=Baker%2C+JO%3BMcCarley%2C+J+R%3BLovett%2C+R%3BYu%2C+Ching-Hsing%3BAdney%2C+W+S%3BRignall%2C+T+R%3BVinzant%2C+T+B%3BDecker%3BSakon%2C+J%3BHimmel%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=0129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - 26th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hypocrea jecorina; Crystal structure; Hydrogen bonding; cellobiose; Enzymatic activity; Calories; Cellulose; Biomass; Sugar ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tip Speed Ratio Influences on Rotationally Augmented Boundary Layer Topology and Aerodynamic Force Generation AN - 20863190; 8048839 AB - Under zero yaw conditions, rotational effects substantially and routinely augment HAWT blade aerodynamic response. To better comprehend the fluid dynamic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, time dependent blade surface pressure data were acquired from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment (UAE), a full-scale HAWT tested in the NASA Ames 80 ftX120 ft wind tunnel. These surface pressure data were processed to obtain normal force and flow field topology data. Further analyses were carried out in a manner that allowed tip speed ratio effects to be isolated from other confounding influences. Results showed clear correlations between normal forces, flow field topologies, and tip speed ratios. These relationships changed significantly at different blade radial locations, pointing to the complex three-dimensional flow physics present on rotating HAWT blades. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Schreck, S AU - Robinson, M AD - Applied Research Division, NREL's National Wind Technology Center, Golden, CO 80401 Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 1025 EP - 1033 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 126 IS - 4 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Laboratory testing KW - fluid dynamics KW - Wind energy KW - Aerodynamics KW - Boundary layers KW - Renewable energy KW - Solar energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20863190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Tip+Speed+Ratio+Influences+on+Rotationally+Augmented+Boundary+Layer+Topology+and+Aerodynamic+Force+Generation&rft.au=Schreck%2C+S%3BRobinson%2C+M&rft.aulast=Schreck&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1025&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1793209 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind energy; Laboratory testing; Renewable energy; Boundary layers; Aerodynamics; fluid dynamics; Solar energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1793209 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sustainable Hydrogen Production AN - 17881664; 5984231 AB - Identifying and building a sustainable energy system are perhaps two of the most critical issues that today's society must address. Replacing our current energy carrier mix with a sustainable fuel is one of the key pieces in that system. Hydrogen as an energy carrier, primarily derived from water, can address issues of sustainability, environmental emissions, and energy security. Issues relating to hydrogen production pathways are addressed here. Future energy systems require money and energy to build. Given that the United States has a finite supply of both, hard decisions must be made about the path forward, and this path must be followed with a sustained and focused effort. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Turner, John A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401-3393, USA., jturner@nrel.gov Y1 - 2004/08/13/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 13 SP - 972 EP - 974 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington DC 20005 USA, [mailto:membership@aaas.org], [URL:http://www.aaas.org] VL - 305 IS - 5686 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Security KW - Renewable energy resources KW - Emission control KW - Hydrogen KW - Buildings KW - Sustainability KW - M3 1240:Sustainable Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17881664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Sustainable+Hydrogen+Production&rft.au=Turner%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-08-13&rft.volume=305&rft.issue=5686&rft.spage=972&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.1103197 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Security; Fuel technology; Renewable energy resources; Emission control; Hydrogen; Buildings; Sustainability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1103197 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wind Powering America: Goals, Approach, Perspectives and Prospects AN - 20199152; 5983829 AB - While wind development activity in the United States has dramatically increased over the last three years, it has been mainly driven by policy mandates in the investor owned utility community. Also, while significant wind development has and is now occurring in the Northwest, the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains, Texas, and several eastern states, there remain a number of states that have excellent resources that are essentially undeveloped. Additionally, the U.S. federal agencies represent the largest institutional load in the world, and thus are a potential large market for green (wind) energy. Rural America is economically stressed and traditional agricultural incomes are seriously threatened,' wind development in these windy regions offers one of the most promising "crops" of the 21st century. Public power serves these communities, and local development of wind with low-cost financing appears to be competitive with new conventional fossil energy sources. JF - SAMPE Journal AU - Flowers, L T AU - Dougherty, P J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA, Larry_Flowers@nrel.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 44 EP - 64 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0091-1062, 0091-1062 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - investors KW - Environmental policy KW - Energy sources KW - Crops KW - North America, Rocky Mts. KW - Mountains KW - financing KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Wind energy KW - income KW - Economics KW - plains KW - USA, Texas KW - Rural areas KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20199152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SAMPE+Journal&rft.atitle=Wind+Powering+America%3A+Goals%2C+Approach%2C+Perspectives+and+Prospects&rft.au=Flowers%2C+L+T%3BDougherty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Flowers&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SAMPE+Journal&rft.issn=00911062&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mountains; financing; Wind energy; investors; income; Economics; plains; Energy sources; Environmental policy; Crops; Rural areas; North America, Rocky Mts.; USA, Great Plains; USA, Texas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal Performance of Unvented Attics in Hot-Dry Climates: Results from Building America AN - 20659436; 8048797 AB - As unvented attics have become a more common design feature implemented by Building America partners in hot-dry climates of the United States, more attention has been focused on how this approach affects heating and cooling energy consumption. By eliminating the ridge and eave vents that circulate outside air through the attic in most new houses and by moving the insulation from the attic floor to the underside of the roof, an unvented attic becomes a semiconditioned space, creating a more benign environment for space conditioning ducts. An energy trade-off is made, however, because the additional surface area (and perhaps reduced insulation thickness) increases the building loss coefficient. Other advantages and disadvantages, unrelated to energy, must also be considered. This paper addresses the energy-related effects of unvented attics in hot-dry climates based on field testing and analysis conducted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Hendron, Robert AU - Farrar-Nagy, Sara AU - Anderson, Ren AU - Reeves, Paul AU - Hancock, Ed AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401-3393 Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 732 EP - 737 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 126 IS - 2 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Housing KW - Climate KW - Energy consumption KW - USA KW - ridges KW - Renewable energy KW - Residential areas KW - Solar energy KW - surface area KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20659436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Thermal+Performance+of+Unvented+Attics+in+Hot-Dry+Climates%3A+Results+from+Building+America&rft.au=Hendron%2C+Robert%3BFarrar-Nagy%2C+Sara%3BAnderson%2C+Ren%3BReeves%2C+Paul%3BHancock%2C+Ed&rft.aulast=Hendron&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=732&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1687795 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ridges; Housing; Renewable energy; Climate; Residential areas; Energy consumption; Solar energy; surface area; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1687795 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design and Performance of the Van Geet Off-Grid Home AN - 20658858; 8048798 AB - The Van Geet home near Denver, Colorado, demonstrates the successful integration of energy conservation measures and renewable energy supply in a beautiful, comfortable, energy-efficient, 295-m2 (3,176-ft2) off-grid home in a cold, sunny climate. Features include a tight envelope, energy-efficient appliances, passive solar heating (direct gain and Trombe wall), natural cooling, solar hot water, and photovoltaics. In addition to describing this house and its performance, this paper describes the recommended design process of (1) setting a goal for energy efficiency at the outset, (2) applying rules of thumb, and (3) using computer simulation to fine-tune the design. Performance monitoring and computer simulation are combined for the best possible analysis of energy performance. In this case, energy savings are estimated as 89% heating and cooling (compared to 95 MEC), 83% electrical, and nearly 100% domestic water heating. The heating and cooling energy use is 8.96 kJ/DGCDTdayDTm2 (0.44 Btu/DGFDTdayDTft2). JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Barley, C Dennis AU - Torcellini, Paul AU - Van Geet, Otto AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., MS 2722, Golden, Colorado 80401 Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 738 EP - 743 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 126 IS - 2 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Energy efficiency KW - Housing KW - Energy conservation KW - Simulation KW - Energy consumption KW - Design KW - USA, Colorado KW - USA, Colorado, Denver KW - Renewable energy KW - solar cells KW - Residential areas KW - Solar energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20658858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Design+and+Performance+of+the+Van+Geet+Off-Grid+Home&rft.au=Barley%2C+C+Dennis%3BTorcellini%2C+Paul%3BVan+Geet%2C+Otto&rft.aulast=Barley&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=738&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1644560 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy efficiency; Housing; Renewable energy; solar cells; Energy conservation; Residential areas; Simulation; Energy consumption; Solar energy; Design; USA, Colorado; USA, Colorado, Denver DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1644560 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of a newly developed integrant of Zymomonas mobilis for ethanol production on corn stover hydrolysate AN - 17933392; 5868726 AB - Efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass requires biocatalysts able to tolerate inhibitors produced by many pretreatment processes. Recombinant Zymomonas mobilis 8b, a recently developed integrant of Zymomonas mobilis 31821(pZB5), tolerated acetic acid up to 16 g l super(-1) and achieved 82%-87% (w/w) ethanol yields from pure glucose/xylose solutions at pH 6 and temperatures of 30 degree C and 37 degree C. An ethanol yield of 85% (w/w) was achieved on glucose/xylose from hydrolysate produced by dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of corn stover after an 'overliming' process was used to improve hydrolysate fermentability. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Mohagheghi, A AU - Dowe, N AU - Schell, D AU - Chou, Yat-Chen AU - Eddy, C AU - Zhang, Min AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA, ali_mohagheghi@nrel.gov Y1 - 2004/02/02/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 02 SP - 321 EP - 325 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - lignocellulose KW - Xylose KW - Fermentation KW - Glucose KW - Biomass KW - pH effects KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Hydrolysates KW - Ethanol KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17933392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Performance+of+a+newly+developed+integrant+of+Zymomonas+mobilis+for+ethanol+production+on+corn+stover+hydrolysate&rft.au=Mohagheghi%2C+A%3BDowe%2C+N%3BSchell%2C+D%3BChou%2C+Yat-Chen%3BEddy%2C+C%3BZhang%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Mohagheghi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-02-02&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; lignocellulose; Xylose; Fermentation; Glucose; Biomass; pH effects; Hydrolysates; Ethanol; Zymomonas mobilis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A New Method for the Rapid Determination of Volatile Organic Compound Breakthrough Times for a Sorbent at Concentrations Relevant to Indoor Air Quality AN - 20630043; 5830254 AB - The use of sorbents has been proposed to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in ambient air at concentrations in the parts-per-billion (ppb) range, which is typical of indoor air quality applications. Sorbent materials, such as granular activated carbon and molecular sieves, are used to remove VOCs from gas streams in industrial applications, where VOC concentrations are typically in the parts-per-million range. A method for evaluating the VOC removal performance of sorbent materials using toluene concentrations in the ppb range is described. Breakthrough times for toluene at concentrations from 2 to 7500 ppb are presented for a hydrophobic molecular sieve at 25% relative humidity. By increasing the ratio of challenge gas flow rate to the mass of the sorbent bed and decreasing both the mass of sorbent in the bed and the sorbent particle size, this method reduces the required experimental times by a factor of up to several hundred compared with the proposed American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers method, ASHRAE 145P, making sorbent performance evaluation for ppb-range VOC removal more convenient. The method can be applied to screen sorbent materials for application in the removal of VOCs from indoor air. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Scahill, J AU - Wolfrum, E J AU - Michener, W E AU - Bergmann, M AU - Blake, D M AU - Watt, A S AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 105 EP - 110 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Relative humidity KW - Pollutant removal KW - Sorbents KW - Air purification KW - Toluene KW - Indoor air pollution KW - Air quality KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Volatile organic compounds in indoor air KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20630043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=A+New+Method+for+the+Rapid+Determination+of+Volatile+Organic+Compound+Breakthrough+Times+for+a+Sorbent+at+Concentrations+Relevant+to+Indoor+Air+Quality&rft.au=Scahill%2C+J%3BWolfrum%2C+E+J%3BMichener%2C+W+E%3BBergmann%2C+M%3BBlake%2C+D+M%3BWatt%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Scahill&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Relative humidity; Indoor air pollution; Air quality; Volatile organic compounds in indoor air; Pollutant removal; Sorbents; Air purification; Toluene; Volatile organic compounds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A bioethanol process development unit: Initial operating experiences and results with a corn fiber feedstock AN - 17518057; 5746097 AB - Interest in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks for use as an alternative fuel is increasing, but near-term commercialization will require a low cost feedstock. One such feedstock, corn fiber, was tested in the US Department of Energy (DOE)/National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) bioethanol pilot plant for the purpose of testing integrated equipment operation and generating performance data. During initial runs in 1995, the plant was operated for two runs lasting 10 and 15 days each and utilized unit operations for feedstock handling, pretreatment by dilute sulfuric-acid hydrolysis, yeast inoculum production, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using a commercially available cellulase enzyme. Although significant operational problems were encountered, as would be expected with the startup of any new plant, operating experience was gained and preliminary data were generated on corn fiber pretreatment and subsequent fermentation of the pretreated material. Bacterial contamination was a significant problem during these fermentations. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Schell, D J AU - Riley, C J AU - Dowe, N AU - Farmer, J AU - Ibsen, K N AU - Ruth, M F AU - Toon, ST AU - Lumpkin, R E AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), National Bioenergy Center, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA, dan_schell@nrel.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 179 EP - 188 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Contamination KW - Fermentation KW - Fuels KW - Energy KW - Inoculum KW - Development KW - Cellulase KW - Ethanol KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17518057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=A+bioethanol+process+development+unit%3A+Initial+operating+experiences+and+results+with+a+corn+fiber+feedstock&rft.au=Schell%2C+D+J%3BRiley%2C+C+J%3BDowe%2C+N%3BFarmer%2C+J%3BIbsen%2C+K+N%3BRuth%2C+M+F%3BToon%2C+ST%3BLumpkin%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Schell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0960-8524%2803%2900167-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fermentation; Ethanol; Energy; Contamination; Inoculum; Development; Fuels; Cellulase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00167-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conversion of Distiller's Grain into Fuel Alcohol and a Higher-Value Animal Feed by Dilute-Acid Pretreatment AN - 17512921; 6404484 AB - Over the past three decades ethanol production in the United States has increased more than 10-fold, to approx 2.9 billion gal/yr (mid-2003), with ethanol production expected to reach 5 billion gal/yr by 2005. the simultaneous coproduction of 7 million t/yr of distiller's grain (DG) may potentially drive down the price of DG as a cattle feed supplement. The sale of residual DG for animal feed is an important part of corn dry-grind ethanol production economics; therefore, dry-grind ethanol producers are seeking ways to improve the quality of DG to increase market penetration and help stabilize prices. One possible improvement is to increase the protein content of DG by converting the residual starch and fiber into ethanol. We have developed methods for steam explosion, SO sub(2), and dilute-sulfuric acid pretreatment of DG for evaluation as a feedstock for ethanol production. The highest soluble sugar yields ( similar to 77% of available carbohydrate) were obtained by pretreatment of DG at 140 degree C for 20 min with 3.27 wt% H sub(2)SO sub(4). Fermentation protocols for pretreated DG were developed at the bench scale and scaled to a working volume of 809 L for production of hydrolyzed distiller's grain (HDG) for feeding trials. The pretreated DG was fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae D sub(5)A, with ethanol yields of 73% of theoretical from available glucans. The HDG was air-dried and used for turkey-feeding trials. The inclusion of HDG into turkey poult (as a model non-ruminant animal) diets at 5 and 10% levels, replacing corn and soybean meal, showed weight gains in the birds similar to controls, whereas 15 and 20% inclusion levels showed slight decreases (-6%) in weight gain. At the conclusion of the trial, no negative effects on internal organs or morphology, and no mortality among the poults, was found. The high protein levels (58-61%) available in HDG show promising economics for incorporation of this process into corn dry-grind ethanol plants. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Tucker, M P AU - Nagle, N J AU - Jennings, E W AU - Ibsen, K N AU - Aden, A AU - Nguyen, Q A AU - Kim, KH AU - Noll, S L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, Bioprocess Engineering Group, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1139 EP - 1160 VL - 115 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - budding yeast KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Fermentation KW - Fuels KW - Economics KW - Distilleries KW - Feeding trials KW - Carbohydrates KW - Ethanol KW - Diets KW - Mortality KW - Soybeans KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - Dietary supplements KW - Grain KW - W2 32550:Energy, minerals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17512921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Conversion+of+Distiller%27s+Grain+into+Fuel+Alcohol+and+a+Higher-Value+Animal+Feed+by+Dilute-Acid+Pretreatment&rft.au=Tucker%2C+M+P%3BNagle%2C+N+J%3BJennings%2C+E+W%3BIbsen%2C+K+N%3BAden%2C+A%3BNguyen%2C+Q+A%3BKim%2C+KH%3BNoll%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=1139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Ethanol; Grain; Economics; Fuels; Mortality; Soybeans; Diets; Fermentation; Carbohydrates; Dietary supplements; Feeding trials; Distilleries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clean energy technology transfer: A review of programs under the UNFCCC AN - 16168268; 5868419 AB - This paper describes the experience and results of programs designed to operationalize the technology transfer provisions of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). These programs share a common goal of demonstrating modalities for developed country parties to fulfill their obligation under the UNFCCC to support technology transfer to developing country parties that facilitates their participation in global efforts to combat climate change. Several related U.S. bilateral programs and programs supported by the Climate Technology Initiative, a multilateral effort on behalf of a number of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, are included in this review. The discussion highlights a number of common elements of the approaches of many of these programs as well as some differences. It presents case studies that focus on methods and results in China, Mexico, and Southern Africa, and catalogues and describes the implementation activities and results that these programs have achieved. It concludes by assessing the implications of this experience for the international community as it moves forward with the climate change technology transfer enterprise. JF - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change AU - Kline, D M AU - Vimmerstedt, L AU - Benioff, R AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1 EP - 35 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1381-2386, 1381-2386 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Developed countries KW - International cooperation KW - Pollution prevention KW - Cooperation KW - Climatic changes KW - Sustainable development KW - Technology transfer KW - Africa, South KW - Mexico KW - Case studies KW - Energy KW - China, People's Rep. KW - United Nations KW - Developing countries KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1110:Atmosphere UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16168268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mitigation+and+Adaptation+Strategies+for+Global+Change&rft.atitle=Clean+energy+technology+transfer%3A+A+review+of+programs+under+the+UNFCCC&rft.au=Kline%2C+D+M%3BVimmerstedt%2C+L%3BBenioff%2C+R&rft.aulast=Kline&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mitigation+and+Adaptation+Strategies+for+Global+Change&rft.issn=13812386&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Developed countries; Case studies; Cooperation; Climatic changes; Technology transfer; United Nations; Developing countries; International cooperation; Pollution prevention; Energy; Sustainable development; Africa, South; Mexico; China, People's Rep. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boundary Layer State and Flow Field Structure Underlying Rotational Augmentation of Blade Aerodynamic Response AN - 20867764; 8048760 AB - Blade rotation routinely and significantly augments aerodynamic forces during zero yaw horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) operation. To better understand the flow physics underlying this phenomenon, time dependent blade surface pressure data were acquired from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment (UAE), a full-scale HAWT tested in the NASA Ames 80-by-120-foot wind tunnel. Time records of surface pressures and normal force were processed to obtain means and standard deviations. Surface pressure means and standard deviations were analyzed to identify boundary layer separation and shear layer impingement locations. Separation and impingement kinematics were then correlated with normal force behavior. Results showed that rotational augmentation was linked to specific separation and impingement behaviors, and to associated three-dimensionality in surface pressure distributions. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Schreck, S AU - Robinson, M AD - Applied Research Division, National Renewable Energy Laboratory's National Wind Technology Center, Golden, CO 80401 Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 448 EP - 456 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 125 IS - 4 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Wind energy KW - Aerodynamics KW - Boundary layers KW - Renewable energy KW - Solar energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20867764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Boundary+Layer+State+and+Flow+Field+Structure+Underlying+Rotational+Augmentation+of+Blade+Aerodynamic+Response&rft.au=Schreck%2C+S%3BRobinson%2C+M&rft.aulast=Schreck&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=448&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1624087 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind energy; Renewable energy; Boundary layers; Aerodynamics; Solar energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1624087 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic Simulation of a Wind Farm With Variable-Speed Wind Turbines AN - 20863219; 8048755 AB - Wind power generation has increased very rapidly in the past few years. The total U.S. wind power capacity by the end of 2002 was 4,685 megawatts. As wind power capacity increases, it becomes increasingly important to study the impact of wind farm output on the surrounding power networks. In this paper, we attempt to simulate a wind farm by including the properties of the wind turbine, the wind speed time series, the characteristics of surrounding power network, and reactive power compensation. Mechanical stress and fatigue load of the wind turbine components are beyond the scope this paper. The paper emphasizes the impact of the wind farms on the electrical side of the power network. We investigate a typical wind farm with variable-speed wind turbines connected to an existing power grid. We also examine different control strategies for feeding wind energy into the power network and present the advantages and disadvantages. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Muljadi, E AU - Butterfield, C P AD - National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 410 EP - 417 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 125 IS - 4 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - time series analysis KW - Simulation KW - Velocity KW - Stress KW - fatigue KW - USA KW - Wind energy KW - farms KW - Solar energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20863219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Dynamic+Simulation+of+a+Wind+Farm+With+Variable-Speed+Wind+Turbines&rft.au=Muljadi%2C+E%3BButterfield%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Muljadi&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=410&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1621674 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind energy; time series analysis; farms; Stress; Velocity; Simulation; Solar energy; fatigue; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1621674 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Output Power Correlation Between Adjacent Wind Power Plants AN - 20863006; 8048771 AB - The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) started a project in 2000 to record long-term, high-frequency (1-Hz) wind power data from large commercial wind power plants in the Midwestern United States. Outputs from about 330 MW of installed wind generating capacity from wind power plants in Lake Benton, MN, and Storm Lake, Iowa, are being recorded. Analysis of the collected data shows that although very short-term wind power fluctuations are stochastic, the persistent nature of wind and the large number of turbines in a wind power plant tend to limit the magnitude of fluctuations and rate of change in wind power production. Analyses of power data confirms that spatial separation of turbines greatly reduces variations in their combined wind power output when compared to the output of a single wind power plant. Data show that high-frequency variations of wind power from two wind power plants 200 km apart are independent of each other, but low-frequency power changes can be highly correlated. This fact suggests that time-synchronized power data and meteorological data can aid in the development of statistical models for wind power forecasting. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Wan, Yih-huei AU - Milligan, Michael AU - Parsons, Brian AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 551 EP - 555 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 125 IS - 4 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Storms KW - Turbines KW - Lakes KW - Wind energy KW - USA, Iowa KW - Renewable energy KW - Meteorology KW - Solar energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20863006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Output+Power+Correlation+Between+Adjacent+Wind+Power+Plants&rft.au=Wan%2C+Yih-huei%3BMilligan%2C+Michael%3BParsons%2C+Brian&rft.aulast=Wan&rft.aufirst=Yih-huei&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1626127 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Lakes; Mathematical models; Wind energy; Renewable energy; Meteorology; Solar energy; Storms; USA, Iowa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1626127 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design of State-Space-Based Control Algorithms for Wind Turbine Speed Regulation AN - 20659181; 8048752 AB - Control can improve the performance of wind turbines by enhancing energy capture and reducing dynamic loads. At the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, we are beginning to design control algorithms for regulation of turbine speed and power using state-space control designs. In this paper, we describe the design of such a control algorithm for regulation of rotor speed in full-load operation (Region 3) for a two-bladed wind turbine. We base our control design on simple linear models of a turbine, which contain rotor and generator rotation, drive train torsion, rotor flap (first mode only), and tower fore-aft degrees of freedom (DOFs). Wind-speed fluctuations are accounted for using Disturbance Accommodating Control (DAC). We show the capability of these control schemes to stabilize the modeled turbine modes via pole placement, while using state estimation to reduce the number of turbine measurements that are needed for these algorithms. These controllers are incorporated into a simulation code and simulated for various conditions. Finally, conclusions to this work and future studies are outlined. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Wright, Alan D AU - Balas, Mark J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401 Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 386 EP - 395 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 125 IS - 4 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Simulation KW - Design KW - Turbines KW - Wind energy KW - Renewable energy KW - Solar energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20659181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Design+of+State-Space-Based+Control+Algorithms+for+Wind+Turbine+Speed+Regulation&rft.au=Wright%2C+Alan+D%3BBalas%2C+Mark+J&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1621673 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Wind energy; Renewable energy; Simulation; Solar energy; Design DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1621673 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Advances in Solar Buildings AN - 20656378; 8048730 AB - In the autumn of 2002, 14 universities built solar houses on the National Mall in Washington, DC, in a student competition-the Solar Decathlon-demonstrating that homes can derive all the energy they need from the sun and celebrating advances in solar buildings. This paper describes recent progress in solar building technology that expands the designer's palette and holds the potential to radically improve building energy performance. The discussion includes market conditions and solar resource data; design integration and modeling; window technology, daylighting, passive solar heating; solar water heating; solar ventilation air preheating; building-integrated photovoltaics; and solar cooling. The Solar Decathlon competition highlighted ways in which these strategies are integrated in successful solar buildings. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Walker, Andy AU - Renne, David AU - Bilo, Susan AU - Kutscher, Chuck AU - Burch, Jay AU - Balcomb, Doug AU - Judkoff, Ron AU - Warner, Cecile AU - King, Richard J AU - Eiffert, Patrina AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401-3393 Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 236 EP - 244 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 125 IS - 3 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Ventilation KW - Housing KW - Buildings KW - solar cells KW - Residential areas KW - Solar energy KW - Technology KW - competition KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20656378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Advances+in+Solar+Buildings&rft.au=Walker%2C+Andy%3BRenne%2C+David%3BBilo%2C+Susan%3BKutscher%2C+Chuck%3BBurch%2C+Jay%3BBalcomb%2C+Doug%3BJudkoff%2C+Ron%3BWarner%2C+Cecile%3BKing%2C+Richard+J%3BEiffert%2C+Patrina&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1592537 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Housing; Ventilation; solar cells; Residential areas; Solar energy; Buildings; competition; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1592537 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using a Concentrating Solar Reactor to Produce Hydrogen and Carbon Black via Thermal Decomposition of Natural Gas: Feasibility and Economics AN - 20257431; 8048716 AB - Producing hydrogen in a cost-effective manner while minimizing environmental impacts is a big challenge. Hydrogen can be generated with carbon as a by-product from thermal decomposition of natural gas. A system using a solar reactor to produce hydrogen on-site for fueling stations was examined for its technical and economic feasibility. Integrated energy and material balance calculations were made to determine the amount of hydrogen that could be produced from a given reactor size and heliostat field area. Hourly solar data were applied to the model to properly estimate real storage requirements. This paper gives the results of the study including the greenhouse gas emissions and energy balance. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Spath, Pamela L AU - Amos, Wade A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401 Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 159 EP - 164 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 125 IS - 2 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Byproducts KW - Hydrogen KW - thermal decomposition KW - black carbon KW - Economics KW - Emissions KW - Solar energy KW - Environmental impact KW - material balance KW - Natural gas KW - Storage KW - Greenhouse gases KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20257431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Using+a+Concentrating+Solar+Reactor+to+Produce+Hydrogen+and+Carbon+Black+via+Thermal+Decomposition+of+Natural+Gas%3A+Feasibility+and+Economics&rft.au=Spath%2C+Pamela+L%3BAmos%2C+Wade+A&rft.aulast=Spath&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1565083 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feasibility studies; Byproducts; Environmental impact; Hydrogen; thermal decomposition; Natural gas; material balance; Storage; black carbon; Economics; Emissions; Greenhouse gases; Solar energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1565083 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Availability of corn stover as a sustainable feedstock for bioethanol production AN - 16175503; 5899887 AB - The amount of corn stover that can be sustainably collected is estimated to be 80-100 million dry tonnes/yr (t/yr), a majority of which would be available to ethanol plants in the near term as only a small portion is currently used for other applications. Potential long-term demand for corn stover by non- fermentative applications in the United States is estimated to be about 20 million dry t/yr, assuming that corn stover-based products replace 50% of both hardwood pulp and wood-based particleboard, and that 50% of all furfural production is from corncobs. Hence, 60-80 million dry t/yr of corn stover should be available to fermentative routes. To achieve an ethanol production potential of 11 billion L (3 billion gal) per year (a target level for a non-niche feedstock), about 40% of the harvestable corn stover is needed. This amount should be available as long as the diversion of corn stover to non-ethanol fermentative products remains limited. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Kadam, K L AU - McMillan, J D AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd. Golden, Colorado, CO 80401 3393, USA, kiran_kadam@nrel.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 17 EP - 25 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 88 IS - 1 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - maize KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - hardwoods KW - Sustainable development KW - Pulp KW - Particulates KW - Hardwoods KW - USA KW - Zea mays KW - Corn KW - Ethanol KW - Furfural KW - Feeds KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W2 32550:Energy, minerals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16175503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Availability+of+corn+stover+as+a+sustainable+feedstock+for+bioethanol+production&rft.au=Kadam%2C+K+L%3BMcMillan%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Kadam&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0960-8524%2802%2900269-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pulp; Hardwoods; Feeds; Furfural; Ethanol; Fuel technology; hardwoods; Corn; Sustainable development; Particulates; Zea mays; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00269-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying the emission benefits of opacity testing and repair of heavy-duty diesel vehicles. AN - 73095847; 12630482 AB - The objective of this study was to begin to quantify the benefits of a smoke opacity-based (SAE J1667 test) inspection and maintenance program. Twenty-six vehicles exhibiting visible smoke emissions were recruited: 14 pre-1991 vehicles and 12 1991 and later model year vehicles. Smoke opacity and regulated pollutant emissions via chassis dynamometer were measured, with testing conducted at 1609 m above sea level. Twenty of the vehicles were then repaired with the goal of lowering visible smoke emission, and the smoke opacity testing and pollutant emissions measurements were repeated. For the pre-1991 vehicles actually repaired, pre-repair smoke opacity averaged 39% and PM averaged 5.6 g/mi. NOx emissions averaged 22.1 g/mi. After repair, the average smoke opacity had declined to 26% and PM declined to 3.3 g/mi, while NOx emissions increased to 30.9 g/mi. For the 1991 and newer vehicles repaired, pre-repair smoke opacity averaged 59% and PM averaged 2.2 g/mi. NOx emissions averaged 12.1 g/mi. After repair, the average opacity had declined to 30% and PM declined to 1.3 g/mi, while NOx increased slightly to 14.4 g/mi. For vehicles failing the California opacity test at >55% for pre-1991 and >40% for 1991 and later model years, the changes in emissions exhibited a high degree of statistical significance. The average cost of repairs was 1088 dollars, and the average is very similar for both the pre-1991 and 1991+ model year groups. Smoke opacity was shown to be a relatively poor predictor of driving cycle PM emissions. Peak CO or peak CO and THC as measured during a snap-acceleration were much better predictors of driving cycle PM emissions. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - McCormick, Robert L AU - Graboski, Michael S AU - Alleman, Teresa L AU - Alvarez, Javier R AU - Duleep, K G AD - Colorado Institute for Fuels and Engine Research, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401-1887, USA. robert_mccormick@nrel.gov Y1 - 2003/02/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Feb 01 SP - 630 EP - 637 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Smoke KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Index Medicus KW - Engineering KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- economics KW - Smoke -- analysis KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Motor Vehicles KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73095847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Quantifying+the+emission+benefits+of+opacity+testing+and+repair+of+heavy-duty+diesel+vehicles.&rft.au=McCormick%2C+Robert+L%3BGraboski%2C+Michael+S%3BAlleman%2C+Teresa+L%3BAlvarez%2C+Javier+R%3BDuleep%2C+K+G&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=630&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analyzing Two Federal Building-Integrated Photovoltaics Projects Using ENERGY-10 Simulations AN - 20591713; 8048696 AB - A new version of the ENERGY-10 computer program simulates the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems and evaluates a wide range of opportunities to improve energy efficiency in buildings. This paper describes two test cases in which the beta release of ENERGY-10 version 1.4 was used to evaluate energy efficiency and building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) for two federal building projects: an office and laboratory building at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Laboratory (SAO) in Hilo, Hawaii, and housing for visiting scientists at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in Edgewater, Maryland. The capabilities of the software, the design assistance provided by ENERGY-10, and a synopsis of results are given. Estimates of annual energy delivery by the five PV arrays of the SAO are compared to F-Chart to help inform a validation of ENERGY-10. Results indicate that, by simulating both the building electrical load and simultaneous PV performance for each hour of the year, ENERGY-10 facilitates a highly accurate, integrated analysis useful early in the design process. The simulation is especially useful in calculating the effect of PV on the building peak load, and associated demand cost savings. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Walker, Andy AU - Balcomb, Doug AU - Kiss, Gregory AU - Weaver, Norm AU - Becker, Melinda Humphry AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401-3393 Y1 - 2003/02// PY - 2003 DA - Feb 2003 SP - 28 EP - 33 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 125 IS - 1 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Energy efficiency KW - project engineering KW - Housing KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Simulation KW - Buildings KW - Computer programs KW - solar cells KW - USA, Hawaii, Hawaii I., Hilo KW - USA, Maryland KW - Solar energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20591713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Analyzing+Two+Federal+Building-Integrated+Photovoltaics+Projects+Using+ENERGY-10+Simulations&rft.au=Walker%2C+Andy%3BBalcomb%2C+Doug%3BKiss%2C+Gregory%3BWeaver%2C+Norm%3BBecker%2C+Melinda+Humphry&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft.date=2003-02-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1531643 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy efficiency; Computer programs; project engineering; Housing; solar cells; Simulation; Solar energy; Buildings; USA, Hawaii; USA, Hawaii, Hawaii I., Hilo; USA, Maryland DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1531643 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Native American issues in geothermal energy AN - 881450145; 2011-065419 AB - The geothermal community has recently paid increased attention to Native American tribes because geothermal energy may offer these tribes economic opportunities, empowerment, and more energy choices. Tribal development of geothermal resources could also contribute to the nation's domestic power supplies. Geothermal resources provide a significant opportunity for rural economic development through direct-use applications. American Indian land comprises 5% of U.S. land, but contains an estimated 10% of all energy resources. This paper discusses the statutory and policy context for those interested in tribal issues relating to geothermal energy, and addresses tribal issues relevant to geothermal development. It briefly describes two tribal geothermal projects, identifies financial opportunities for future projects, and describes the roles and responsibilities of the U.S. Department of Interior's (DOI) Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in assisting the tribes with geothermal development. This paper is based on ongoing activities of the GeoPowering the West Program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and of the Geothermal Program at the BLM. JF - Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council AU - Farhar, Barbara C AU - Dunlevy, Paul AU - Gutierrez-Puente, Hector AU - Garg, Sabodh K Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 419 EP - 422 PB - GRC - Geothermal Resources Council, Davis, CA VL - 27 SN - 0193-5933, 0193-5933 KW - United States KW - geothermal energy KW - U. S. Department of Energy KW - energy sources KW - U. S. Bureau of Land Management KW - land management KW - sustainable development KW - government agencies KW - environmental analysis KW - land use KW - Indian reservations KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881450145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+-+Geothermal+Resources+Council&rft.atitle=Native+American+issues+in+geothermal+energy&rft.au=Farhar%2C+Barbara+C%3BDunlevy%2C+Paul%3BGutierrez-Puente%2C+Hector%3BGarg%2C+Sabodh+K&rft.aulast=Farhar&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+-+Geothermal+Resources+Council&rft.issn=01935933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geothermal resources council, 2003 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - energy sources; environmental analysis; geothermal energy; government agencies; Indian reservations; land management; land use; sustainable development; U. S. Bureau of Land Management; U. S. Department of Energy; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The bacterial scaffoldin: structure, function and potential applications in the nanosciences. AN - 71592181; 15260240 AB - Natural protein complexes may provide the best templates for nanometer-scale technology and new biomaterials. The bacterial cellulosome is becoming a well-understood multi-protein complex found in cellulolytic microorganisms. The scaffoldin subunits of the bacterial cellulosome function to organize and position other protein subunits into the complex. The scaffoldins can also serve as an attachment device for harnessing the cellulosome onto the cell surface and/or for its targeting to substrate. Biochemical and molecular biological evidence have identified a receptor/adaptor type of protein domain pair, called "cohesin and dockerin," which is responsible for cellulosome self-assembly. The recognition between cohesin and dockerin is generally type and/or species specific. More than 80 cohesin and 100 dockerin sequences have been found, mostly from anaerobic bacteria. X-ray crystallography and NMR have been used to determine the three-dimensional structures of representative cohesin and dockerin domains, respectively. The cohesin peptide is about 140 amino acids in length and highly conserved in sequence and domain structure. The dockerin domain comprises about 70 amino acids and contains two 22 amino acid duplicated regions, each of which includes an "F-hand" modification of the EF-hand calcium-binding motif. Biochemical evidence and site-directed mutagenesis have confirmed that the two F-hand motifs are required for function and calcium dependence; at least two amino acids from each motif are critical for cohesin-dockerin recognition. In this report, we review the structure and function of the scaffoldin of the bacterial cellulosome and emphasize a detailed sequence analysis of the cohesin and dockerin domains. We also speculate about potential applications in nanoscience that may be based on cohesin-dockerin recognition. JF - Genetic engineering AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Lamed, Raphael AU - Bayer, Edward A AU - Himmel, Michael E AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd. Golden, CO 80401, USA. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 209 EP - 225 VL - 25 SN - 0196-3716, 0196-3716 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Protein Conformation KW - Bacterial Proteins -- chemistry KW - Bacterial Proteins -- physiology KW - Bacteria -- chemistry KW - Nanotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71592181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetic+engineering&rft.atitle=The+bacterial+scaffoldin%3A+structure%2C+function+and+potential+applications+in+the+nanosciences.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Shi-You%3BLamed%2C+Raphael%3BBayer%2C+Edward+A%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=Shi-You&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetic+engineering&rft.issn=01963716&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Dilute-Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment of Corn Stover in Pilot-Scale Reactor: Investigation of Yields, Kinetics, and Enzymatic Digestibilities of Solids AN - 18771030; 5635896 AB - Corn stover is a domestic feedstock that has potential to produce significant quantities of fuel ethanol and other bioenergy and biobased products. However, comprehensive yield and carbon mass balance information and validated kinetic models for dilute-sulfuric acid (H sub(2)SO sub(4)) pretreatment of corn stover have not been available. This has hindered the estimation of process economics and also limited the ability to perform technoeconomic modeling to guide research. To better characterize pretreatment and assess its kinetics, we pretreated corn stover in a continuous 1 t/d reactor. Corn stover was pretreated at 20% (w/w) solids concentration over a range of conditions encompassing residence times of 3-12 min, temperatures of 165-195 degree C, and H sub(2)SO sub(4) concentrations of 0.5-1.4% (w/w). Xylan conversion yield and carbon mass balance data were collected at each run condition. Performance results were used to estimate kinetic model parameters assuming biphasic hemicellulose hydrolysis and a hydrolysis mechanism incorporating formation of intermediate xylo-oligomers. In addition, some of the pretreated solids were tested in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process to measure the reactivity of their cellulose component to enzymatic digestion by cellulase enzymes. Monomeric xylose yields of 69-71% and total xylose yields (monomers and oligomers) of 70-77% were achieved with performance level depending on pretreatment severity. Cellulose conversion yields in SSF of 80-87% were obtained for some of the most digestible pretreated solids. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Schell, D J AU - Farmer, J AU - Newman, M AU - McMillan, J D Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 69 EP - 86 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA, [URL:http://humanapress.com] VL - 105-108 KW - corn stover KW - ethanol KW - maize KW - xylan KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32550:Energy, minerals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 210:Bioremediation, Bioreactors & BioCycling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18771030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Dilute-Sulfuric+Acid+Pretreatment+of+Corn+Stover+in+Pilot-Scale+Reactor%3A+Investigation+of+Yields%2C+Kinetics%2C+and+Enzymatic+Digestibilities+of+Solids&rft.au=Schell%2C+D+J%3BFarmer%2C+J%3BNewman%2C+M%3BMcMillan%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Schell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=105-108&rft.issue=&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - D-Xylose Transport by Candida succiphila and Kluyveromyces marxianus AN - 18769020; 5635910 AB - The kinetics and regulation of D-xylose uptake were investigated in the efficient pentose fermentor Candida succiphila, and in Kluyveromyces marxianus, which assimilate but do not ferment pentose sugars. Active high-affinity (K sub(m) similar to 3.8 mM; V sub(max) similar to 15 nmol/[mg times min]) and putative facilitated diffusion low-affinity (K sub(m) similar to 140 mM; V sub(max) similar to 130 nmol/[mg times min]) transport activities were found in C. succiphila grown, respectively, on xylose or glucose. K. marxianus showed facilitated diffusion low-affinity (K sub(m) similar to 103 mM; V sub(max) similar to 190 nmol/[mg times min]) transport activity when grown on xylose under microaerobic conditions, and both a low-affinity and an active high-affinity (K sub(m) similar to 0.2 mM; V sub(max) similar to 10 nmol/[mg times min]) transport activity when grown on xylose under fully aerobic conditions. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Stambuk, BU AU - Franden, MA AU - Singh, A AU - Zhang, M Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 255 EP - 264 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA, [URL:http://humanapress.com] VL - 105-108 KW - glucose KW - transport KW - xylose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18769020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=D-Xylose+Transport+by+Candida+succiphila+and+Kluyveromyces+marxianus&rft.au=Stambuk%2C+BU%3BFranden%2C+MA%3BSingh%2C+A%3BZhang%2C+M&rft.aulast=Stambuk&rft.aufirst=BU&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=105-108&rft.issue=&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Automated Filter Paper Assay for Determination of Cellulase Activity AN - 18768043; 5635946 AB - Recent developments in molecular breeding and directed evolution have promised great developments in industrial enzymes as demonstrated by exponential improvements in beta -lactamase and green fluorescent protein (GFP). Detection of and screening for improved enzymes are relatively easy if the target enzyme is expressible in a suitable high-throughput screening host and a clearly defined and usable screen or selection is available, as with GFP and beta -lactamase. Fungal cellulases, however, are difficult to measure and have limited expressibility in heterologous hosts. Furthermore, traditional cellulase assays are tedious and time-consuming. Multiple enzyme components, an insoluble substrate, and generally slow reaction rates have plagued cellulase researchers interested in creating cellulase mixtures with increased activities and/or enhanced biochemical properties. Although the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists standard measure of cellulase activity, the filter paper assay (FPA), can be reproduced in most laboratories with some effort, this method has long been recognized for its complexity and susceptibility to operator error. Our current automated FPA method is based on a Cyberlabs C400 robotics deck equipped with customized incubation, reagent storage, and plate-reading capabilities that allow rapid evaluation of cellulases acting on cellulose and has a maximum throughput of 84 enzyme samples per day when performing the automated FPA. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Decker AU - Adney, W S AU - Jennings, E AU - Vinzant, T B AU - Himmel, ME Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 689 EP - 704 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA, [URL:http://humanapress.com] VL - 105-108 KW - green fluorescent protein KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18768043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Automated+Filter+Paper+Assay+for+Determination+of+Cellulase+Activity&rft.au=Decker%3BAdney%2C+W+S%3BJennings%2C+E%3BVinzant%2C+T+B%3BHimmel%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Decker&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=105-108&rft.issue=&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Effects of Temperature and Moisture on Dilute-Acid Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Corn Stover and Cellulase Enzyme Digestibility AN - 18767950; 5635903 AB - Corn stover is emerging as a viable feedstock for producing bioethanol from renewable resources. Dilute-acid pretreatment of corn stover can solubilize a significant portion of the hemicellulosic component and enhance the enzymatic digestibility of the remaining cellulose for fermentation into ethanol. In this study, dilute H sub(2)SO sub(4) pretreatment of corn stover was performed in a steam explosion reactor at 160 degree C, 180 degree C, and 190 degree C, approx 1 wt% H sub(2)SO sub(4), and 70-s to 840-s residence times. The combined severity (Log sub(10) [R sub(0)]-pH), an expression relating pH, temperature, and residence time of pretreatment, ranged from 1.8 to 2.4. Soluble xylose yields varied from 63 to 77% of theoretical from pretreatments of corn stover at 160 and 180 degree C. However, yields >90% of theoretical were found with dilute-acid pretreatments at 190 degree C. A narrower range of higher combined severities was required for pretreatment to obtain high soluble xylose yields when the moisture content of the acid-impregnated feedstock was increased from 55 to 63 wt%. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of washed solids from corn stover pretreated at 190 degree C, using an enzyme loading of 15 filter paper units (FPU)/g of cellulose, gave ethanol yields in excess of 85%. Similar SSF ethanol yields were found using washed solid residues from 160 and 180 degree C pretreatments at similar combined severities but required a higher enzyme loading of approx 25 FPU/g of cellulose. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Tucker, M P AU - Kim, K-H AU - Newman, M M AU - Nguyen, Q A Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 165 EP - 178 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA, [URL:http://humanapress.com] VL - 105-108 KW - corn stover KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32550:Energy, minerals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 210:Bioremediation, Bioreactors & BioCycling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18767950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Temperature+and+Moisture+on+Dilute-Acid+Steam+Explosion+Pretreatment+of+Corn+Stover+and+Cellulase+Enzyme+Digestibility&rft.au=Tucker%2C+M+P%3BKim%2C+K-H%3BNewman%2C+M+M%3BNguyen%2C+Q+A&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=105-108&rft.issue=&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Microbial Pretreatment of Biomass: Potential for Reducing Severity of Thermochemical Biomass Pretreatment AN - 18767938; 5635893 AB - Typical pretreatment requires high-energy (steam and electricity) and corrosion-resistant, high-pressure reactors. A review of the literature suggests that fungal pretreatment could potentially lower the severity requirements of acid, temperature and time. These reductions in severity are also expected to result in less biomass degradation and consequently lower inhibitor concentrations compared to conventional thermochemical pretreatment. Furthermore, potential advantages of fungal pretreatment of agricultural residues, such as corn stover, are suggested by its effectiveness in improving the cellulose digestibility of many types of forage fiber and agricultural wastes. Our preliminary tests show a three- to five-fold improvement in enzymatic cellulose digestibility of corn stover after pretreatment with Cyathus stercoreus; and a ten- to 100-fold reduction in shear force needed to obtain the same shear rate of 3.2 to 7 rev / s, respectively, after pretreatment with Phanerochaete chrysosporium. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Keller, F A AU - Hamilton, JE AU - Nguyen, Q A Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 27 EP - 43 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA, [URL:http://humanapress.com] VL - 105-108 KW - corn stover KW - maize KW - pretreatment KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18767938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Microbial+Pretreatment+of+Biomass%3A+Potential+for+Reducing+Severity+of+Thermochemical+Biomass+Pretreatment&rft.au=Keller%2C+F+A%3BHamilton%2C+JE%3BNguyen%2C+Q+A&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=105-108&rft.issue=&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Rapid Biomass Analysis: New Tools for Compositional Analysis of Corn Stover Feedstocks and Process Intermediates from Ethanol Production AN - 18767868; 5635891 AB - New, rapid, and inexpensive methods that monitor the chemical composition of corn stover and corn stover-derived samples are a key element to enabling the commercialization of processes that convert stover to fuels and chemicals. These new techniques combine near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and projection to latent structures (PLS) multivariate analysis to allow the compositional analysis of hundreds of samples in 1 d at a cost of about $10 each. The new NIR/PLS rapid analysis methods can also be used to support a variety of research projects that would have been too costly to pursue by traditional methods. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Hames, B R AU - Thomas AU - Sluiter, AD AU - Roth, C J AU - Templeton, D W Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 5 EP - 16 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA, [URL:http://humanapress.com] VL - 105-108 KW - chemical composition KW - corn stover KW - ethanol KW - maize KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32550:Energy, minerals KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18767868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Rapid+Biomass+Analysis%3A+New+Tools+for+Compositional+Analysis+of+Corn+Stover+Feedstocks+and+Process+Intermediates+from+Ethanol+Production&rft.au=Hames%2C+B+R%3BThomas%3BSluiter%2C+AD%3BRoth%2C+C+J%3BTempleton%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Hames&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=105-108&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon Mass Balance Evaluation of Cellulase Production on Soluble and Insoluble Substrates AN - 18651379; 5559097 AB - A methodology is described and applied for performing carbon mass balances across cellulase enzyme production processes using both soluble sugar and insoluble cellulose substrates. The fungus Trichoderma reesei was grown on either glucose, lactose, or cellulose in aerobic batch mode, and the evolution of the main carbonaceous components (cell mass, cellulose, soluble protein, adsorbed protein, sugars, and carbon dioxide) was followed. A variety of analytical techniques were utilized to measure these components, including (i) gravimetric analysis, (ii) near-infrared spectroscopy, (iii) bicinchoninic acid based soluble protein measurement, (iv) gas mass spectrometry and flow rate, (v) CHNS/O elemental analyses, and (vi) high-performance liquid chromatography. The combined set of measurements allowed carbon mass balances across the cellulase production process to be assessed to determine the consistency of the underlying kinetic data. Results demonstrate the capability to determine the levels and distribution of all major carbonaceous components during the cellulase production process on both soluble and insoluble substrates. Average carbon mass balance closures were near 100% during early stages (<72 h) of the cultivations using glucose, lactose, or cellulose as the substrates, but carbon mass closures trended high later in the cultivation. Analysis of carbon allocation results suggests that an error in the gas mass flow rate measurement was the primary cause for carbon mass balance closures to exceed 110% late in the process. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Saez, J C AU - Schell, D J AU - Tholudur, A AU - Farmer, J AU - Hamilton, J AU - Colucci, JA AU - McMillan, J D AD - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus, P.O. Box 9046 Mayaguez, PR 00681-9046, USA, juan_carlos_saez@nrel.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 1400 EP - 1407 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - carbon KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18651379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Carbon+Mass+Balance+Evaluation+of+Cellulase+Production+on+Soluble+and+Insoluble+Substrates&rft.au=Saez%2C+J+C%3BSchell%2C+D+J%3BTholudur%2C+A%3BFarmer%2C+J%3BHamilton%2C+J%3BColucci%2C+JA%3BMcMillan%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Saez&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fbp0200292 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp0200292 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Turbulence Variation on Extreme Loads Prediction for Wind Turbines AN - 20865668; 8048682 AB - The effect of varying turbulence levels on long-term loads extrapolation techniques was examined using a joint probability density function of both mean wind speed and turbulence level for loads calculations. The turbulence level has a dramatic effect on the statistics of moment maxima extracted from aeroelastic simulations. Maxima from simulations at lower turbulence levels are more deterministic and become dominated by the stochastic component as turbulence level increases. Short-term probability distributions were calculated using four different moment-based fitting methods. Several hundred of these distributions were used to calculate a long-term probability function. From the long-term probability, 1- and 50-yr extreme loads were estimated. As an alternative, using a normal conditional distribution of turbulence level produced a long-term load comparable to that of a log-normal conditional distribution and may be more straightforward to implement. A parametric model of the moments was also used to estimate the extreme loads. The parametric model required less data, but predicted significantly lower loads than the empirical model. An input extrapolation technique was also examined. Extrapolating the turbulence level prior to input into the aeroelastic code simplifies the loads extrapolation procedure but, in this case, produces loads lower than most empirical models and may be non-conservative in general. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Moriarty, Patrick J AU - Holley, William E AU - Butterfield, Sandy AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 387 EP - 395 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 124 IS - 4 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Wind energy KW - Simulation KW - Velocity KW - Turbulence KW - Solar energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20865668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Turbulence+Variation+on+Extreme+Loads+Prediction+for+Wind+Turbines&rft.au=Moriarty%2C+Patrick+J%3BHolley%2C+William+E%3BButterfield%2C+Sandy&rft.aulast=Moriarty&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1510137 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind energy; Velocity; Simulation; Solar energy; Turbulence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1510137 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short-Term Power Fluctuations of Large Wind Power Plants AN - 20863845; 8048687 AB - To evaluate short-term wind power fluctuations and their impact on electric power systems, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, in cooperation with Enron Wind, has started a project to record output power from several large commercial wind power plants at the 1-Hertz rate. This paper presents statistical properties of the data collected so far and discusses the results of data analysis. From the available data, we can already conclude that despite the stochastic nature of wind power fluctuations, the magnitudes and rates of wind power changes caused by wind speed variations are seldom extreme, nor are they totally random. Their values are bounded in narrow ranges. Power output data also show significant spatial variations within a large wind power plant. The data also offer encouraging evidence that accurate wind power forecasting is feasible. To the utility system, large wind power plants are not really random burdens. The narrow range of power level step changes provides a lot of information with which system operators can make short-term predictions of wind power. Large swings of wind power do occur, but those infrequent large changes (caused by wind speed changes) are always related to well-defined weather events, most of which can be accurately predicted in advance. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Wan, Yih-huei AU - Bucaneg Jr, Demy AD - National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 427 EP - 431 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 124 IS - 4 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Weather KW - Electric power KW - Velocity KW - spatial distribution KW - Wind energy KW - Renewable energy KW - Power plants KW - Solar energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20863845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Short-Term+Power+Fluctuations+of+Large+Wind+Power+Plants&rft.au=Wan%2C+Yih-huei%3BBucaneg+Jr%2C+Demy&rft.aulast=Wan&rft.aufirst=Yih-huei&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1507762 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weather; spatial distribution; Electric power; Wind energy; Renewable energy; Power plants; Velocity; Solar energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1507762 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental implications of power generation via coal-microalgae cofiring AN - 19810588; 5492576 AB - Electrical power plants are responsible for over one-third of the US emissions, or about 1.7 Gt CO sub(2) per year. Power-plant flue gas can serve as a source of CO sub(2) for microalgae cultivation, and the algae can be cofired with coal. The study objective was to conduct a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to compare the environmental impacts of electricity production via coal firing versus coal/algae cofiring. The LCA results demonstrate that there are potentially significant benefits to recycling CO sub(2) toward microalgae production. As it reduces CO sub(2) emissions by recycling it and uses less coal, there are concomitant benefits of reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are also other energy and fertilizer inputs needed for algae production, which contribute to key environmental flows. Lower net values for the algae cofiring scenario were observed for the following using the direct injection process (in which the flue gas is directly transported to the algae ponds): SO sub(x), NO sub(x), particulates, carbon dioxide, methane, and fossil energy consumption. Lower values for the algae cofiring scenario were also observed for greenhouse potential and air acidification potential. However, impact assessment for depletion of natural resources and eutrophication potential showed much higher values. This LCA gives us an overall picture and impacts across different environmental boundaries, and hence, can help in the decision-making process for implementation of the algae scenario. JF - Energy (Oxford) AU - Kadam, K L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, CO 80401, USA, kiran_kadam@nrel.gov Y1 - 2002/10// PY - 2002 DA - Oct 2002 SP - 905 EP - 922 VL - 27 IS - 10 SN - 0360-5442, 0360-5442 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Eutrophication KW - Life cycle KW - Coal KW - Electricity KW - Recycling KW - Ponds KW - Fertilizers KW - Fossils KW - Power plants KW - Acidification KW - Algae KW - Methane KW - Electric power KW - Flue gas KW - Environmental impact KW - Emission control KW - Greenhouses KW - Decision making KW - Boundaries KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Carbon dioxide KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19810588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%28Oxford%29&rft.atitle=Environmental+implications+of+power+generation+via+coal-microalgae+cofiring&rft.au=Kadam%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Kadam&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%28Oxford%29&rft.issn=03605442&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methane; Eutrophication; Environmental impact; Life cycle; Electricity; Coal; Recycling; Ponds; Greenhouses; Decision making; Fertilizers; Fossils; Power plants; Boundaries; Acidification; Carbon dioxide; Algae; Electric power; Life cycle analysis; Flue gas; Emission control; Greenhouse gases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wind Heat Loss From Corrugated, Transpired Solar Collectors AN - 20618712; 8048660 AB - Heat transfer from a perforated, sinusoidal plate with suction to air flowing over the plate, perpendicular to the corrugations, has been studied numerically and experimentally. This study used a numerical model, validated by wind tunnel tests and hot wire anemometer/resistance thermometer measurements, to determine the heat loss to the air stream over the plate as a function of wind speed, suction velocity, and plate geometry. Both attached and separated flow regimes were observed, and the criterion for flow attachment was determined to be ReV0,P Delta #> 6.93 Re. Correlations were developed for heat transfer to the air stream for each flow regime. For attached flow, the heat transfer can be represented as Nuatt = Nuflat{1 + 0.81(A/P)0.5}. For separated flow, the following correlation applies: Nusep = 2.05(A/P)1.40 Re1.63. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Gawlik, Keith M AU - Kutscher, Charles F AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401 Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 256 EP - 261 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 124 IS - 3 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Velocity KW - Measuring instruments KW - Wind energy KW - heat transfer KW - Solar energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20618712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Wind+Heat+Loss+From+Corrugated%2C+Transpired+Solar+Collectors&rft.au=Gawlik%2C+Keith+M%3BKutscher%2C+Charles+F&rft.aulast=Gawlik&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1487886 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Wind energy; Velocity; heat transfer; Measuring instruments; Solar energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1487886 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photocatalytic Oxidation of Bacteria, Bacterial and Fungal Spores, and Model Biofilm Components to Carbon Dioxide on Titanium Dioxide-Coated Surfaces AN - 18623057; 5524482 AB - We report carbon mass balance and kinetic data for the total oxidation of cells, spores, and biomolecules deposited on illuminated titanium dioxide surfaces in contact with air. Carbon dioxide formation by photocatalytic oxidation of methanol, glucose, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis (cells and spores), Aspergillus niger spores, phosphatidylethanolamine, bovine serum albumin, and gum xanthan was determined as a function of time. The quantitative data provide mass balance and rate information for removal of these materials from a photocatalytic surface. This kind of information is important for applications of photocatalytic chemistry in air and water purification and disinfection, self-cleaning surfaces, and the development of self-cleaning air filters. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Wolfrum, E J AU - Huang, J AU - Blake, D M AU - Maness, P-C AU - Huang, Z AU - Fiest, J AU - Jacoby, WA AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA, daniel_blake@nrel.gov Y1 - 2002/08/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 01 SP - 3412 EP - 3419 VL - 36 IS - 15 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - titanium dioxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18623057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Photocatalytic+Oxidation+of+Bacteria%2C+Bacterial+and+Fungal+Spores%2C+and+Model+Biofilm+Components+to+Carbon+Dioxide+on+Titanium+Dioxide-Coated+Surfaces&rft.au=Wolfrum%2C+E+J%3BHuang%2C+J%3BBlake%2C+D+M%3BManess%2C+P-C%3BHuang%2C+Z%3BFiest%2C+J%3BJacoby%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Wolfrum&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=3412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes011423j LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es011423j ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of a Hot Washing Process for Pretreated Yellow Poplar to Enhance Bioethanol Production AN - 18490637; 5449008 AB - Cost reductions for pretreatment and bioconversion processes are key objectives necessary to the successful deployment of a bioethanol industry. These unit operations have long been recognized for their impact on the production cost of ethanol. One strategy to achieve this objective is to improve the pretreatment process to produce a pretreated substrate resulting in reduced bioconversion time, lower cellulase enzyme usage, and/or higher ethanol yields. Previous research produced a highly digestible pretreated yellow poplar substrate using a multistage, continuously flowing, very dilute sulfuric acid (0.07% (w/v)) pretreatment. This process reduced the time required for the bioconversion of pretreated yellow poplar sawdust to ethanol. This resulted in a substantially improved yield of ethanol from cellulose. However, the liquid volume requirements, steam demand, and complexity of the flow-through reactor configuration were determined to be serious barriers to commercialization of that process. A reconfigured process to achieve similar performance has been developed using a single-stage batch pretreatment followed by a separation of solids and liquids and washing of the solids at a temperatures between 130 and 150 degree C. Separation and washing at the elevated temperature is believed to prevent a large fraction of the solubilized lignin and xylan from reprecipitating and/or reassociating with the pretreated solids. This washing of the solids at elevated temperature resulted in both higher recovered yields of soluble xylose sugars and a more digestible pretreated substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis. Key operating variables and process performance indicators included acid concentration, temperature, wash volume, wash temperature, soluble xylose recovery, and performance of the washed, pretreated solids in bioconversion via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Initial results indicated over a 50% increase in ethanol yield at 72 h for the hot washed material as compared to the control (no washing, no separation) and a 43% reduction of in the bioconversion time required for a high ethanol yield from cellulose. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Nagle, N J AU - Elander, R T AU - Newman, M M AU - Rohrback, B T AU - Ruiz, RO AU - Torget, R W AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Biotechnology Division for Fuels and Chemicals, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, Colorado 80401, USA Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 734 EP - 738 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - Tulip poplar KW - cellulose KW - ethanol KW - xylose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32550:Energy, minerals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18490637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+a+Hot+Washing+Process+for+Pretreated+Yellow+Poplar+to+Enhance+Bioethanol+Production&rft.au=Nagle%2C+N+J%3BElander%2C+R+T%3BNewman%2C+M+M%3BRohrback%2C+B+T%3BRuiz%2C+RO%3BTorget%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Nagle&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=734&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fbp0155078 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp0155078 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Battery thermal models for hybrid vehicle simulations AN - 17100009; 6734883 AB - This paper summarizes battery thermal modeling capabilities for: (1) an advanced vehicle simulator (ADVISOR); and (2) battery module and pack thermal design. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) ADVISOR is developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment. There are several battery models in ADVISOR for various chemistry types. Each one of these models requires a thermal model to predict the temperature change that could affect battery performance parameters, such as resistance, capacity and state of charges. A lumped capacitance battery thermal model in the Matlab/Simulink environment was developed that included the ADVISOR battery performance models. For thermal evaluation and design of battery modules and packs, NREL has been using various computer aided engineering tools including commercial finite element analysis software. This paper will discuss the thermal ADVISOR battery model and its results, along with the results of finite element modeling that were presented at the workshop on "Development of Advanced Battery Engineering Models" in August 2001. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Pesaran, A A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 377 EP - 382 VL - 110 IS - 2 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Computer programs KW - hybrids KW - Batteries KW - Renewable energy KW - Temperature KW - Simulation KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17100009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Battery+thermal+models+for+hybrid+vehicle+simulations&rft.au=Pesaran%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Pesaran&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-7753%2802%2900200-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; hybrids; Batteries; Renewable energy; Temperature; Simulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00200-8 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The production of hydrogen from a CO-oxidation reaction using a unique photosynthetic bacterium AN - 39498988; 3682319 AU - Maness, P-C Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39498988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=The+production+of+hydrogen+from+a+CO-oxidation+reaction+using+a+unique+photosynthetic+bacterium&rft.au=Maness%2C+P-C&rft.aulast=Maness&rft.aufirst=P-C&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Wageneingen Univerity, Dept. of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands; fax: 31-317-482237; email: Biohydrogen.2002@algemeen.pk.wau.nl N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Identification of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genes for the photoproduction of hydrogen AN - 39498942; 3682312 AU - Ghirardi, M Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39498942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Chlamydomonas+reinhardtii+genes+for+the+photoproduction+of+hydrogen&rft.au=Ghirardi%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ghirardi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Wageneingen Univerity, Dept. of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands; fax: 31-317-482237; email: Biohydrogen.2002@algemeen.pk.wau.nl N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Regulation of photosystem II activity, H sub(2) production, and O sub(2) consumption pathways in sulfur-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures AN - 39452961; 3682271 AU - Seibert, M Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39452961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+photosystem+II+activity%2C+H+sub%282%29+production%2C+and+O+sub%282%29+consumption+pathways+in+sulfur-deprived+Chlamydomonas+reinhardtii+cultures&rft.au=Seibert%2C+M&rft.aulast=Seibert&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Wageneingen Univerity, Dept. of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands; fax: 31-317-482237; email: Biohydrogen.2002@algemeen.pk.wau.nl N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the Oxygen Tolerance of a Hydrogenase Linked to a Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Pathway in Rubrivivax gelatinosus AN - 18457892; 5430272 AB - A hydrogenase linked to the carbon monoxide oxidation pathway in Rubrivivax gelatinosus displays tolerance to O sub(2). When either whole-cell or membrane-free partially purified hydrogenase was stirred in full air (21% O sub(2), 79% N sub(2)), its H sub(2) evolution activity exhibited a half-life of 20 or 6 h, respectively, as determined by an anaerobic assay using reduced methyl viologen. When the partially purified hydrogenase was stirred in an atmosphere containing either 3.3 or 13% O sub(2) for 15 min and evaluated by a hydrogen- deuterium (H-D) exchange assay, nearly 80 or 60% of its isotopic exchange rate was retained, respectively. When this enzyme suspension was subsequently returned to an anaerobic atmosphere, more than 90% of the H-D exchange activity was recovered, reflecting the reversibility of this hydrogenase toward O sub(2) inactivation. Like most hydrogenases, the CO-linked hydrogenase was extremely sensitive to CO, with 50% inhibition occurring at 3.9 mu M dissolved CO. Hydrogen production from the CO-linked hydrogenase was detected when ferredoxins of a prokaryotic source were the immediate electron mediator, provided they were photoreduced by spinach thylakoid membranes containing active water-splitting activity. Based on its appreciable tolerance to O sub(2), potential applications of this hydrogenase are discussed. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Maness, P AU - Smolinski, S AU - Dillon, A C AU - Heben, MJ AU - Weaver, P F AD - The National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401- 3393., pinching_maness@nrel.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 2633 EP - 2636 VL - 68 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - tolerance KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18457892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+Oxygen+Tolerance+of+a+Hydrogenase+Linked+to+a+Carbon+Monoxide+Oxidation+Pathway+in+Rubrivivax+gelatinosus&rft.au=Maness%2C+P%3BSmolinski%2C+S%3BDillon%2C+A+C%3BHeben%2C+MJ%3BWeaver%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Maness&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.6.2633-2636.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.6.2633-2636.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Pressing Lignocellulosic Biomass on Sugar Yield in Two-Stage Dilute-Acid Hydrolysis Process AN - 18435512; 5409565 AB - Dilute sulfuric acid catalyzed hydrolysis of biomass such as wood chips often involves pressing the wood particles in a dewatering step (e.g., after acid impregnation) or in compression screw feeders commonly used in continuous hydrolysis reactors. This study addresses the effects of pressing biomass feedstocks using a hydraulic press on soluble sugar yield obtained from two-stage dilute-acid hydrolysis of softwood. The pressed acid-impregnated feedstock gave significantly lower soluble sugar yields than the never-pressed (i.e., partially air-dried or filtered) feedstock. Pressing acid-impregnated feedstocks before pretreatment resulted in a soluble hemicellulosic sugar yield of 76.9% from first-stage hydrolysis and a soluble glucose yield of 33.7% from second-stage hydrolysis. The dilute-acid hydrolysis of partially air-dried feedstocks having total solids and acid concentrations similar to those of pressed feedstocks gave yields of 87.0% hemicellulosic sugar and 46.9% glucose in the first and second stages, respectively. Microscopic examination of wood structures showed that pressing acid-impregnated wood chips from 34 to 54% total solids (TS) did not cause the wood structure to collapse. However, pressing first-stage pretreated wood chips (i.e., feedstock for second-stage hydrolysis) from approximately 30 to 43% TS caused the porous wood matrix to almost completely collapse. It is hypothesized that pressing alters the wood structure and distribution of acid within the cell cavities, leading to uneven heat and mass transfer during pretreatment using direct steam injection. Consequently, lower hydrolysis yield of soluble sugars results. Dewatering of corn stover by pressing did not impact negatively on the sugar yield from single-stage dilute-acid pretreatment. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Kim, Kyoung Heon AU - Tucker, M P AU - Nguyen, Q A AD - Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Division, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA, quang_nguyen@nrel.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 489 EP - 494 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - lignocellulose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18435512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Pressing+Lignocellulosic+Biomass+on+Sugar+Yield+in+Two-Stage+Dilute-Acid+Hydrolysis+Process&rft.au=Kim%2C+Kyoung+Heon%3BTucker%2C+M+P%3BNguyen%2C+Q+A&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Kyoung&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fbp025503i LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp025503i ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Advances in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Technology AN - 20659112; 8048639 AB - Parabolic trough solar technology is the most proven and lowest cost large-scale solar power technology available today, primarily because of the nine large commercial-scale solar power plants that are operating in the California Mojave Desert. These plants, developed by Luz International Limited and referred to as Solar Electric Generating Systems (SEGS), range in size from 14-80 MW and represent 354 MW of installed electric generating capacity. More than 2,000,000 m2 of parabolic trough collector technology has been operating daily for up to 18 years, and as the year 2001 ended, these plants had accumulated 127 years of operational experience. The Luz collector technology has demonstrated its ability to operate in a commercial power plant environment like no other solar technology in the world. Although no new plants have been built since 1990, significant advancements in collector and plant design have been made possible by the efforts of the SEGS plants operators, the parabolic trough industry, and solar research laboratories around the world. This paper reviews the current state of the art of parabolic trough solar power technology and describes the R&D efforts that are in progress to enhance this technology. The paper also shows how the economics of future parabolic trough solar power plants are expected to improve. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Price, Hank AU - Lupfert, Eckhard AU - Kearney, David AU - Zarza, Eduardo AU - Cohen, Gilbert AU - Gee, Randy AU - Mahoney, Rod AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 109 EP - 125 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 124 IS - 2 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - USA, California, Mojave Desert KW - Deserts KW - Reviews KW - Economics KW - Power plants KW - USA, California KW - Solar energy KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20659112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Advances+in+Parabolic+Trough+Solar+Power+Technology&rft.au=Price%2C+Hank%3BLupfert%2C+Eckhard%3BKearney%2C+David%3BZarza%2C+Eduardo%3BCohen%2C+Gilbert%3BGee%2C+Randy%3BMahoney%2C+Rod&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Hank&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1467922 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Deserts; Reviews; Economics; Power plants; Solar energy; Technology; USA, California, Mojave Desert; USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1467922 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding the Environmental Impacts of Electricity: Product Labeling and Certification AN - 16141770; 5535235 AB - Electricity consumers, including businesses and industries, are increasingly gaining the ability to choose among power options from either their current electric utilities or from alternative power providers. In order to help these consumers make informed decisions about their electricity purchases and to compare alternatives, many U.S. states are requiring electricity providers to disclose information regarding the fuel sources used to generate electricity and their associated environmental impacts. Like nutrition labels, environmental disclosure labels present the content or sources of electricity and are typically included with electricity bills and in product offers. These labels allow consumers to compare the environmental impacts of standard and cleaner power options, which are typically available. In fact, more than one-third of electricity customers have access to green power - power generated from renewable sources such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass - directly through a power supplier. And green energy certificates, which represent the environmental attributes of renewable resources, are available nationally - even where the actual resource does not exist. Some products are certified by environmental organizations that verify the sources of power and ensure that environmental benefits are accrued. This article discusses clean, green power options available to power purchasers and the tools and information that can be used to make more sustainable power purchase decisions. JF - Corporate Environmental Strategy AU - Bird, LA AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA, lori_bird@nrel.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 129 EP - 136 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1066-7938, 1066-7938 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - USA KW - Environmental impact KW - Sustainable development KW - Electricity KW - decision making KW - Environmental labelling KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16141770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corporate+Environmental+Strategy&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+Environmental+Impacts+of+Electricity%3A+Product+Labeling+and+Certification&rft.au=Bird%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Corporate+Environmental+Strategy&rft.issn=10667938&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1066-7938%2802%2900008-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental impact; Sustainable development; decision making; Electricity; Environmental labelling; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1066-7938(02)00008-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental benefits on a life cycle basis of using bagasse-derived ethanol as a gasoline oxygenate in India AN - 16138428; 5438529 AB - Bagasse is the fibrous residue generated during sugar production and can be a desirable feedstock for fuel ethanol production. Excess bagasse left after satisfying the mills' energy requirements can be used in a bioconvesion process to make ethanol. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to quantify the environmental benefits of diverting excess bagasse to ethanol production as opposed to disposing it through the current practice of open-field burning. The LCA results demonstrated lower net values for the ethanol scenario for the following: carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons (except methane), SO sub(x), NO sub(x), particulates, carbon dioxide, methane, and fossil energy consumption. Reduced carbon dioxide and methane emissions for the ethanol scenario also lower its greenhouse potential. Additional drivers are the lower values observed for the following impact assessment categories for the ethanol scenario: depletion of natural resources, air acidification potential, eutrophication potential, human toxicity potential, and air odor potential. Specifically, deployment of the bioethanol option, due to its significantly lower greenhouse potential, can be facilitated via the Clean Development Mechanism, as specified under the Kyoto Protocol. JF - Energy Policy AU - Kadam, K L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401-3393, USA, kiran_kadam@nrel.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 371 EP - 384 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0301-4215, 0301-4215 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Fossil fuels KW - Energy requirements KW - Life cycle KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Emission control KW - Air pollution control KW - Energy consumption KW - Toxicity KW - Kyoto Protocol KW - India KW - Bagasse KW - Burning KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Ethanol KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1240:Sustainable Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16138428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Policy&rft.atitle=Environmental+benefits+on+a+life+cycle+basis+of+using+bagasse-derived+ethanol+as+a+gasoline+oxygenate+in+India&rft.au=Kadam%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Kadam&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Policy&rft.issn=03014215&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bagasse; Fossil fuels; Energy requirements; Life cycle; Burning; Toxicity; Greenhouse gases; Carbon dioxide; Kyoto Protocol; Ethanol; Fuel technology; Life cycle analysis; Air pollution control; Emission control; Greenhouse effect; Energy consumption; India ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of NIR and pyrolysis-MBMS coupled with multivariate analysis for detecting the chemical changes associated with brown-rot biodegradation of spruce wood AN - 18390609; 5371002 AB - Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) analysis can be used in conjunction with multivariate regression and principal components analysis to differentiate brown-rot-degraded wood from non-degraded spruce and to follow the temporal changes in wood undergoing brown-rot degradation. Regression of NIR test results vs. percent weight loss for Postia placenta- and Gloeophyllum trabeum-infected spruce wood blocks yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.96. Regression of MBMS test results for the same samples yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.96. Principle components analysis was used to differentiate non-infected wood and P. placenta- and G. trabeum-infected wood. These techniques may be used to detect different types of biodegradation and to develop a better understanding of the chemical changes that the wood undergoes when it is subjected to brown-rot biodegradation. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Kelley, S S AU - Jellison, J AU - Goodell, B AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., 80401 Golden, CO USA Y1 - 2002/03/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 19 SP - 103 EP - 107 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 209 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18390609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Use+of+NIR+and+pyrolysis-MBMS+coupled+with+multivariate+analysis+for+detecting+the+chemical+changes+associated+with+brown-rot+biodegradation+of+spruce+wood&rft.au=Kelley%2C+S+S%3BJellison%2C+J%3BGoodell%2C+B&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-19&rft.volume=209&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of operating parameters on countercurrent extraction of hemicellulosic sugars from pretreated softwood AN - 879470304; 13857879 AB - In a previous study using a continuous countercurrent screw extractor for two-stage dilute-acid hydrolysis, which was focused on the effects of liquid-to-insoluble solids (L/IS) ratio, we demonstrated that by using low volumes of wash water soluble sugars can be recovered from first-stage pretreated softwood at high yields and also at high sugar concentrations. In this study, we investigated the effects of important operating parameters other than the L/IS ratio, such as the feed rates of water and pretreated biomass and the extractor inclined angle, on the performance of the extractor using first-stage pretreated softwood. As biomass and water feed rates increased at the same L/IS ratio, the recovery yield of soluble sugars decreased, probably owing to a reduced solids residence time in the extractor, which is related to the solid/liquid contact time. The sugar recovery yield was higher at a higher extractor inclined angle. This may be attributed to the effects of increased back mixing and a longer residence time for solids at a higher extractor angle. Countercurrent extraction was also carried out with other pretreated biomass having smaller particle sizes and poor drainage rates. The countercurrent screw extractor was found to be unsuitable for these fine materials due to the slow liquid drainage rate and filter-clogging problems. In a test for stability of soluble sugars in first-stage softwood hydrolysate, irrespective of the storage temperature and storage form, the sugar concentration slowly decreased with storage time. However, storage in slurry form showed higher sugar stability compared with that in liquor form at the same conditions. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Kim, Kyoung Heon AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Nguyen, Quang A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, 80401-3393, Golden, CO, quang_nguyen@nrel.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 147 EP - 159 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 98-100 IS - 1-9 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Particle size KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Drainage KW - Slurries KW - Softwoods KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - Hydrolysates KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879470304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+operating+parameters+on+countercurrent+extraction+of+hemicellulosic+sugars+from+pretreated+softwood&rft.au=Kim%2C+Kyoung+Heon%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BNguyen%2C+Quang+A&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Kyoung&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=98-100&rft.issue=1-9&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A98-100%3A1-9%3A147 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Particle size; Sugar; Slurries; Drainage; Softwoods; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Hydrolysates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:147 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of measurement uncertainty analysis to assess accuracy of carbon mass balance closure for a cellulase production process AN - 860390539; 13857913 AB - Closing carbon mass balances is a critical and necessary step for verifying the performance of any conversion process. We developed a methodology for calculating carbon mass balance closures for a cellulase production process and then applied measurement uncertainty analysis to calculate 95% confidence limits to assess the accuracy of the results. Cellulase production experiments were conducted in 7-L fermentors using Trichoderma reesei grown on pure cellulose (Solka-floc), glucose, or lactose. All input and output carbon-containing streams were measured and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas was quantified using a mass spectrometer. On Solka-floc, carbon mass balances ranged from 90 to 100% closure for the first 48 h but increased to 101 to 135% closure from 72 h to the end of the cultivation at 168 h. Carbon mass balance closures for soluble sugar substrates ranged from 92 to 127% over the entire course of the cultivations. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for carbon mass balance closure were typically c11 to 12 percentage points after 48 h of cultivation. Many of the carbon mass balance results did not bracket 100% closure within the 95% CIs. These results suggest that measurement problems with the experimental or analytical methods may exist. This work shows that uncertainty analysis can be a useful diagnostic tool for identifying measurement problems in complex biochemical systems. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Schell, Daniel J AU - Saez, Juan Carlos AU - Hamilton, Jenny AU - Tholudur, Arun AU - McMillan, James D AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, 80401, Golden, CO, dan_schell@nrel.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 509 EP - 523 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 98-100 IS - 1-9 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Lactose KW - Carbon KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - Hypocrea jecorina KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Cellulase KW - Exhausts KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860390539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Use+of+measurement+uncertainty+analysis+to+assess+accuracy+of+carbon+mass+balance+closure+for+a+cellulase+production+process&rft.au=Schell%2C+Daniel+J%3BSaez%2C+Juan+Carlos%3BHamilton%2C+Jenny%3BTholudur%2C+Arun%3BMcMillan%2C+James+D&rft.aulast=Schell&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=98-100&rft.issue=1-9&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A98-100%3A1-9%3A509 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Lactose; Carbon; Cellulose; Glucose; Carbon dioxide; Cellulase; Exhausts; Hypocrea jecorina DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:509 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioreactor design studies for a hydrogen-producing bacterium AN - 860388699; 13857922 AB - Carbon monoxide (CO) can be metabolized by a number of microorganisms along with water to produce hydrogen (H sub(2)) and carbon dioxide. National Renewable Energy Laboratory researchers have isolated a number of bacteria that perform this so-called water-gas shift reaction at ambient temperatures. We performed experiments to measure the rate of CO conversion and H sub(2) production in a trickle-bed reactor (TBR). The liquid recirculation rate and the reactor support material both affected the mass transfer coefficient, which controls the overall performance of the reactor. A simple reactor model taken from the literature was used to quantitatively compare the performance of the TBR geometry at two different size scales. Good agreement between the two reactor scales was obtained. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Wolfrum, Edward J AU - Watt, Andrew S AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, 80401, Golden, CO, ed_wolfrum@nrel.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 611 EP - 625 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 98-100 IS - 1-9 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Temperature effects KW - Bacteria KW - Bioreactors KW - Energy KW - Microorganisms KW - Mass transfer KW - Hydrogen KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Models KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860388699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Bioreactor+design+studies+for+a+hydrogen-producing+bacterium&rft.au=Wolfrum%2C+Edward+J%3BWatt%2C+Andrew+S&rft.aulast=Wolfrum&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=98-100&rft.issue=1-9&rft.spage=611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A98-100%3A1-9%3A611 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Carbon monoxide; Energy; Bioreactors; Microorganisms; Hydrogen; Mass transfer; Carbon dioxide; Models; Bacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:611 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cofermentation of glucose, xylose, and arabinose by genomic DNA-integrated xylose/arabinose fermenting strain of Zymomonas mobilis AX101 AN - 815539238; 13857945 AB - Cofermentation of glucose, xylose, and arabinose is critical for complete bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass, such as agricultural residues and herbaceous energy crops, to ethanol. We have previously developed a plasmid-bearing strain of Zymomonas mobilis (206C[pZB301]) capable of cofermenting glucose, xylose, and arabinose to ethanol. To enhance its genetic stability, several genomic DNA-integrated strains of Z. mobilis have been developed through the insertion of all seven genes necessay for xylose and arabinose fermentation into the Zymomonas genome. From all the integrants developed, four were selected for further evaluation. The integrants were tested for stability by repeated transfer in a nonselective medium (containing only glucose). Based on the stability test, one of the integrants (AX101) was selected for further evaluation. A series of batch and continuous fermentations was designed to evaluate the cofermentation of glucose, xylose, and l-arabinose with the strain AX101. The pH range of study was 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5 at 30C. The cofermentation process yield was about 84%, which is about the same as that of plasmid-bearing strain 206C(pZB301). Although cofermentation of all three sugars was achieved, there was a preferential order of sugar utilization: glucose first, then xylose, and arabinose last. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Mohagheghi, Ali AU - Evans, Kent AU - Chou, Yat-Chen AU - Zhang, Min AD - Biotechnology Division for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, 80401, Golden, CO, mohaghea@tcplink.nrel.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 885 EP - 898 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 98-100 IS - 1-9 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Sugar KW - L-Arabinose KW - Xylose KW - Fermentation KW - Glucose KW - Biomass KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Crops KW - Insertion KW - Energy KW - bioconversion KW - Arabinose KW - genomics KW - pH effects KW - Ethanol KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - G 07800:Plants and Algae KW - N 14810:Methods KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815539238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Cofermentation+of+glucose%2C+xylose%2C+and+arabinose+by+genomic+DNA-integrated+xylose%2Farabinose+fermenting+strain+of+Zymomonas+mobilis+AX101&rft.au=Mohagheghi%2C+Ali%3BEvans%2C+Kent%3BChou%2C+Yat-Chen%3BZhang%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Mohagheghi&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=98-100&rft.issue=1-9&rft.spage=885&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A98-100%3A1-9%3A885 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; L-Arabinose; Sugar; Xylose; Fermentation; Glucose; Biomass; Crops; Insertion; Energy; bioconversion; Arabinose; genomics; pH effects; Ethanol; Zymomonas mobilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:885 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent Progress in Reducing the Uncertainty in and Improving Pyranometer Calibrations AN - 20645335; 8048629 AB - The Measurements and Instrumentation Team within the Distributed Energy Resources Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL, calibrates pyranometers for outdoor testing solar energy conversion systems. The team also supports climate change research programs. These activities led NREL to improve pyranometer calibrations. Low thermal-offset radiometers measuring the sky diffuse component of the reference solar irradiance removes bias errors on the order of 20 Watts per square meter (W/m2) in the calibration reference irradiance. Zenith angle dependent corrections to responsivities of pyranometers removes 15 to 30 W/m2 bias errors from field measurements. Detailed uncertainty analysis of our outdoor calibration process shows a 20% reduction in the uncertainty in the responsivity of pyranometers. These improvements affect photovoltaic module and array performance characterization, assessment of solar resources for design, sizing, and deployment of solar renewable energy systems, and ground-based validation of satellite-derived solar radiation fluxes. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Myers, Daryl R AU - Stoffel, Thomas L AU - Reda, Ibrahim AU - Wilcox, Stephen M AU - Andreas, Afshin M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Distributed Energy Resources Center, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401 Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 44 EP - 50 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 124 IS - 1 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Climatic changes KW - Solar radiation KW - Renewable energy KW - solar cells KW - Solar energy KW - Research programs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20645335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Recent+Progress+in+Reducing+the+Uncertainty+in+and+Improving+Pyranometer+Calibrations&rft.au=Myers%2C+Daryl+R%3BStoffel%2C+Thomas+L%3BReda%2C+Ibrahim%3BWilcox%2C+Stephen+M%3BAndreas%2C+Afshin+M&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Daryl&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1434262 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Renewable energy; solar cells; Climatic changes; Solar radiation; Solar energy; Research programs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1434262 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real-World Vehicle Emissions: A Summary of the Eleventh Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop AN - 20629512; 5355867 AB - The Coordinating Research Council (CRC) held its eleventh workshop in March 2001, focusing on results from the most recent real-world vehicle emissions research. We summarize the presentations from researchers engaged in improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to ambient air quality and emission inventories. Participants in the workshop discussed efforts to improve mobile source emission models and emission inventories, the role of on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems in inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs, particulate matter (PM) emissions, contributions of diesel vehicles to the emission inventory, on-road emissions measurements, fuel effects, unregulated emissions, and microscale and modal emission models, as well as topics for future research. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Cadle, SH AU - Gorse, RA Jr AU - Bailey, B K AU - Lawson AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA, doug_lawson@nrel.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 220 EP - 236 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 1096-2247, 1096-2247 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Air pollution KW - Emission inventories KW - Transportation KW - Motor vehicles KW - Atmospheric pollution conferences KW - Atmospheric pollution by motor vehicles KW - Research programs KW - Exhaust emissions KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 0002:Symposia and Conferences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20629512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Real-World+Vehicle+Emissions%3A+A+Summary+of+the+Eleventh+Coordinating+Research+Council+On-Road+Vehicle+Emissions+Workshop&rft.au=Cadle%2C+SH%3BGorse%2C+RA+Jr%3BBailey%2C+B+K%3BLawson&rft.aulast=Cadle&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10962247&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric pollution conferences; Atmospheric pollution by motor vehicles; Air pollution; Emission inventories; Transportation; Motor vehicles; Research programs; Exhaust emissions ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of single active-site cleft mutation on product specificity in a thermostable bacterial cellulase. AN - 71699061; 12018266 AB - Mutation of a single active-site cleft tyrosyl residue to a glycyl residue significantly changes the mixture of products released from phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PSC) by EIcd, the catalytic domain of the endoglucanase-I from Acidothermus cellulolyticus. The percentage of glucose in the product stream is almost 40% greater for the Y245G mutant (and for an additional double mutant, Y245G/Q204A) than for the wild type enzyme. Comparisons of results for digestion PSC and of pretreated yellow poplar suggest that the observed shifts in product specificity are connected to the hydrolysis of a more easily digestible fraction of both substrates. A model is presented that relates the changes in product specificity to a mutation-driven shift in indexing of the polymeric substrate along the extended binding-site cleft. JF - Applied biochemistry and biotechnology AU - Rignall, Tauna R AU - Baker, John O AU - McCarter, Suzanne L AU - Adney, William S AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Decker, Stephen R AU - Himmel, Michael E AD - Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Division, National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 383 EP - 394 VL - 98-100 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 0 KW - endoglucanase 1 KW - EC 3.2.1.- KW - Cellulase KW - EC 3.2.1.4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Thermodynamics KW - Models, Molecular KW - Catalytic Domain KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Binding Sites KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Hot Temperature KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Stability KW - Crystallography, X-Ray KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Protein Conformation KW - Actinomycetales -- enzymology KW - Cellulase -- chemistry KW - Cellulase -- metabolism KW - Cellulase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71699061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+biochemistry+and+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+single+active-site+cleft+mutation+on+product+specificity+in+a+thermostable+bacterial+cellulase.&rft.au=Rignall%2C+Tauna+R%3BBaker%2C+John+O%3BMcCarter%2C+Suzanne+L%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E&rft.aulast=Rignall&rft.aufirst=Tauna&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=98-100&rft.issue=&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+biochemistry+and+biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exploration of cellulose surface-binding properties of acidothermus cellulolyticus Cel5A by site-specific mutagenesis. AN - 71696019; 12018255 AB - Understanding the interactions between cellulases and cellulosic substrates is critical to the development of an efficient artificial cellulase system for conversion of biomass to sugars. We directed specific mutations to the interactive surface of the Acidothermus cellulolyticus EI endoglucanase catalytic domain. The cellulose-binding domain is not translated in these mutants. Amino acid mutations were designed either to change the surface charge of the protein or to modify the potential for hydrogen bonding with cellulose. The relationship between cellulase-to-cellulose (Avicel PH101) binding and hydrolysis activity was determined for various groupings of mutations. While a significant increase in hydrolysis activity was not observed, certain clusters of residues did significantly alter substrate binding and some interesting correlations emerged. In the future, these observations may be used to aid the design of endoglucanases with improved performance on pretreated biomass. JF - Applied biochemistry and biotechnology AU - McCarter, Suzanne L AU - Adney, William S AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Jennings, Edward AU - Eddy, Fannie Posey AU - Decker, Stephen R AU - Baker, John O AU - Sakon, Joshua AU - Himmel, Michael E AD - Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Division, National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 273 EP - 287 VL - 98-100 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 0 KW - Aspartic Acid KW - 30KYC7MIAI KW - Cellulose KW - 9004-34-6 KW - Arginine KW - 94ZLA3W45F KW - endoglucanase Cel5A KW - EC 3.2.1.- KW - Cellulase KW - EC 3.2.1.4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Models, Molecular KW - Catalytic Domain KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Binding Sites KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Surface Properties KW - Protein Conformation KW - Actinomycetales -- enzymology KW - Cellulase -- chemistry KW - Cellulase -- isolation & purification KW - Cellulase -- metabolism KW - Cellulose -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71696019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+biochemistry+and+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Exploration+of+cellulose+surface-binding+properties+of+acidothermus+cellulolyticus+Cel5A+by+site-specific+mutagenesis.&rft.au=McCarter%2C+Suzanne+L%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BJennings%2C+Edward%3BEddy%2C+Fannie+Posey%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R%3BBaker%2C+John+O%3BSakon%2C+Joshua%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E&rft.aulast=McCarter&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=98-100&rft.issue=&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+biochemistry+and+biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) to characterize forest soil carbon: method and preliminary results. AN - 71436921; 11833912 AB - The components of soil organic matter (SOM) and their degradation dynamics in forest soils are difficult to study and thus poorly understood, due to time-consuming sample collection, preparation, and difficulty of analyzing and identifying major components. As a result, changes in soil organic matter chemical composition as a function of age, forest type, or disturbance have not been examined. We applied pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS), which provides rapid characterization of SOM of whole soil samples. to the Tionesta soil samples described by Hoover, C.M., Magrini, K.A., Evans, R.J., 2002. Soil carbon content and character in an old growth forest in northwestern Pennsylvania: a case study introducing molecular beam mass spectrometry (PY-MBMS). Environmental Pollution 116 (Supp. 1), S269-S278. Our goals in this work were to: (1) develop and demonstrate an advanced, rapid analytical method for characterizing SOM components in whole soils, and (2) provide data-based models to predict soil carbon content and residence time from py-MBMS analysis. Using py-MBMS and pattern recognition techniques we were able to statistically distinguish among four Tionesta sites and show an increase in pyrolysis products of more highly decomposed plant materials at increasing sample depth. For example, all four sites showed increasing amounts of older carbon (phenolic and aromatic species) at deeper depths and higher amounts of more recent carbon (carbohydrates and lignin products) at shallower depths. These results indicate that this type of analysis could be used to rapidly characterize SOM for the purpose of developing a model, which could be used in monitoring the effect of forest management practices on carbon uptake and storage. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Magrini, K A AU - Evans, R J AU - Hoover, C M AU - Elam, C C AU - Davis, M F AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. kim_magrini@nrel.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - S255 EP - S268 VL - 116 Suppl 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Plant Leaves KW - Population Dynamics KW - Organic Chemicals -- analysis KW - Time Factors KW - Trees KW - Carbon -- metabolism KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71436921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Use+of+pyrolysis+molecular+beam+mass+spectrometry+%28py-MBMS%29+to+characterize+forest+soil+carbon%3A+method+and+preliminary+results.&rft.au=Magrini%2C+K+A%3BEvans%2C+R+J%3BHoover%2C+C+M%3BElam%2C+C+C%3BDavis%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Magrini&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals: The Twenty-Third Symposium AN - 18397804; 5384086 AB - In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals: The Twenty-Third Symposium, leading US and international researchers from academia, industry, and government present state-of-the-art research on how biotechnology is being used to produce economically competitive fuels and chemicals. The articles range from a discussion of advances in biomass production and processing, to commercialization of bio-based products. Additional topics include enzyme and microbial biocatalysts, bioprocessing research and development, the pros and cons of mixing oil and ethanol, and emerging biorefinery opportunities. The field continues to expand, and the ideas and techniques described will play important roles in developing new biological processes for producing fuels and chemicals on a large scale, and for reducing pollution and waste disposal problems, and their adverse impacts on global climate change. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals: The Twenty-Third Symposium provides an excellent overview of current research and development in the production of commodity fuels and chemicals via biological transformation. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA, [URL:http://humanapress.com] VL - 98-100 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32600:Proceedings KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 210:Bioremediation, Bioreactors & BioCycling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18397804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Anonymous&rft.aulast=Anonymous&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=1588291715&rft.btitle=Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals%3A+The+Twenty-Third+Symposium&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals%3A+The+Twenty-Third+Symposium&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved Blade Designs and Manufacturing Processes Reduce the Cost of Wind Energy AN - 20867585; 8048602 JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - O'Dell, Kathleen AD - National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden CO 80401 Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 268 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 123 IS - 4 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Manufacturing industry KW - Wind energy KW - Economics KW - Solar energy KW - Design KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20867585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Improved+Blade+Designs+and+Manufacturing+Processes+Reduce+the+Cost+of+Wind+Energy&rft.au=O%27Dell%2C+Kathleen&rft.aulast=O%27Dell&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1409558 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manufacturing industry; Wind energy; Economics; Solar energy; Design DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1409558 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blade Dynamic Stall Vortex Kinematics for a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine in Yawed Conditions AN - 20861843; 8048606 AB - Horizontal axis wind turbines routinely suffer significant time varying aerodynamic loads that adversely impact structures, mechanical components, and power production. As lighter and more flexible wind turbines are designed to reduce overall cost of energy, greater accuracy and reliability will become even more crucial in future aerodynamics models. However, to render calculations tractable, current modeling approaches admit various approximations that can degrade model predictive accuracy. To help understand the impact of these modeling approximations and improve future models, the current effort seeks to document and comprehend the vortex kinematics for three-dimensional, unsteady, vortex dominated flows occurring on horizontal axis wind turbine blades during non-zero yaw conditions. To experimentally characterize these flows, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment turbine was erected in the NASA Ames 80 ftX120 ft wind tunnel. Then, under strictly-controlled inflow conditions, turbine blade surface pressures and local inflow velocities were acquired at multiple radial locations. Surface pressure histories and normal force records were used to characterize dynamic stall vortex kinematics and normal forces. Stall vortices occupied approximately two-thirds of the aerodynamically active blade span and persisted for nearly one-fourth of the blade rotation cycle. Stall vortex convection varied dramatically along the blade radius, yielding pronounced dynamic stall vortex deformation. Analysis of these data revealed systematic alterations to vortex kinematics due to changes in test section speed, yaw error, and blade span location. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Schreck, Scott J AU - Robinson, Michael C AU - Hand, M Maureen AU - Simms, David A AD - Applied Research Division, National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401 Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 272 EP - 281 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA, [URL:http://www.asme.org] VL - 123 IS - 4 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Laboratory testing KW - Velocity KW - convection KW - deformation KW - Turbines KW - Wind energy KW - Aerodynamics KW - Renewable energy KW - inflow KW - Solar energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20861843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Blade+Dynamic+Stall+Vortex+Kinematics+for+a+Horizontal+Axis+Wind+Turbine+in+Yawed+Conditions&rft.au=Schreck%2C+Scott+J%3BRobinson%2C+Michael+C%3BHand%2C+M+Maureen%3BSimms%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Schreck&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1408307 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Historical account; Turbines; Laboratory testing; Wind energy; Renewable energy; Aerodynamics; Velocity; inflow; deformation; convection; Solar energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1408307 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon-based renewables; options for use in managing carbon AN - 52006771; 2003-023423 AB - A major factor in the economic success story of the United States is the availability of an abundant supply of energy to run the industrial base and maintain the standard of industry. Sustainability can infer the rational use of all our indigenous resources. One view of the use of carbon-based renewables for energy is the displacement of fossil fuels hence extending the life of fossil fuel supplies. An ancillary benefit of use of carbon-based renewables is their ability to recycle or store large amounts of carbon both in above and below ground plant tissue but also in soils. This paper will discuss the state of the technology in biobased renewable energy, the limitations for use and application, and the known economics for implementation. Studies have shown that use of dedicated tree plantations and advanced Integrated Gasification and Combined Cycle technology can yield 16 units of energy for each input unit of fossil energy. This process shows 95% carbon closure. Comparisons of life-cycle carbon emissions for other power systems such as coal-fired, combined coal/biomass fired plants, and steam-reforming of methane to hydrogen have also been reported. Initial estimates of carbon storage in trees and soils have been made as well as estimates of the cost of such storage. The valuation of agriculture sites for carbon credits has begun, however the reactions to such efforts are mixed. Technologies for producing power, products, and fuels from renewables will be discussed along with their current state of technical and economic development. JF - Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts - American Association of Petroleum Geologists AU - Petersen, Gene R AU - Chum, Helena L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DA - June 2001 SP - 157 PB - American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists (AAPG), Tulsa, OK VL - 2001 SN - 0094-0038, 0094-0038 KW - United States KW - technology KW - methane KW - development KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - alkanes KW - organic compounds KW - energy sources KW - hydrogen KW - carbon KW - hydrocarbons KW - supply KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52006771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+Expanded+Abstracts+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.atitle=Carbon-based+renewables%3B+options+for+use+in+managing+carbon&rft.au=Petersen%2C+Gene+R%3BChum%2C+Helena+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft.volume=2001&rft.issue=&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+Expanded+Abstracts+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.issn=00940038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Association of Petroleum Geologists 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - APGAB2 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; carbon; development; energy sources; hydrocarbons; hydrogen; methane; organic compounds; supply; technology; United States ER - TY - NEWS T1 - PHOTOVOLTAICS GENERATING POWER FROM THE SUN AN - 388082822 AB - PHOTO DRAWINGS 4 DIAGRAM CHART; Thin-film solar cell technology, above. Staff graphic/Rich Rokicki Drawing: (color) The photovoltaic cell Drawing: (color) Modules Drawing: (color) Arrays Drawing: (color) Wavelengths are measured from one peak to the next. Diagram : (color) Shows how the solar spectrum works. Chart: (color) Comparison of electrical, oil, gas and coal energy costs. JF - South Florida Sun - Sentinel AU - SOURCES: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AU - National Renewable Energy Laboratory AU - THE WAY THINGS WORK AU - Nuclear Energy Institute AU - Natural Resources Defense Council AU - FLORIDA SOLAR ENERGY CENTER Y1 - 2001/05/20/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 May 20 EP - 8G CY - Fort Lauderdale, Fla. KW - General Interest Periodicals--United States UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/388082822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asoutheastnews&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Florida+Sun+-+Sentinel&rft.atitle=PHOTOVOLTAICS+GENERATING+POWER+FROM+THE+SUN%3A+%5BBROWARD+METRO+EDITION%5D&rft.au=SOURCES%3A+U.S.+DEPARTMENT+OF+ENERGY%3BNational+Renewable+Energy+Laboratory%3BTHE+WAY+THINGS+WORK%3BNuclear+Energy+Institute%3BNatural+Resources+Defense+Council%3BFLORIDA+SOLAR+ENERGY+CENTER&rft.aulast=SOURCES%3A+U.S.+DEPARTMENT+OF+ENERGY&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=8.G&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=South+Florida+Sun+-+Sentinel&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - (Copyright 2001 by the Sun-Sentinel) N1 - Last updated - 2010-06-25 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fingerprinting Trichoderma reesei hydrolases in a commercial cellulase preparation AN - 885050063; 13858979 AB - Polysaccharide degrading enzymes from commercial T. reesei broth have been subjected to "fingerprint" analysis by high-resolution 2-D gelelectrophoresis. Forty-five spots from 1125 cm Pharmacia gels have been analyzed by LC-MS/MS and the resulting peptide sequences were compared toexisting databases. Understanding the roles and relationships of component enzymes from the T. reesei cellulase system acting on complex substrates is key to the development of efficient artificial cellulase systems for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to sugars. These studies suggest follow-on work comparing induced and noninduced T. reesei cells at the proteome level, which may elucidate substrate-specific gene regulation and response. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Vinzant, T B AU - Adney, W S AU - Decker AU - Baker, JO AU - Kinter, M T AU - Sherman, N E AU - Fox, J W AU - Himmel, ME AD - Biotechnology Center for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 80401, Golden, CO, mike_himmel@nrel.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - Mar 2001 SP - 99 EP - 107 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 91-93 IS - 1-9 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - hydrolase KW - Gels KW - Databases KW - Sugar KW - Fingerprinting KW - Gene regulation KW - Enzymes KW - Hypocrea jecorina KW - Polysaccharides KW - Biomass KW - Cellulase KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/885050063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Fingerprinting+Trichoderma+reesei+hydrolases+in+a+commercial+cellulase+preparation&rft.au=Vinzant%2C+T+B%3BAdney%2C+W+S%3BDecker%3BBaker%2C+JO%3BKinter%2C+M+T%3BSherman%2C+N+E%3BFox%2C+J+W%3BHimmel%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Vinzant&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=91-93&rft.issue=1-9&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A91-93%3A1-9%3A99 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gels; hydrolase; Sugar; Databases; Fingerprinting; Gene regulation; Enzymes; Biomass; Polysaccharides; Cellulase; Hypocrea jecorina DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:91-93:1-9:99 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fourier transform infrared quantitative analysis of sugars and lignin in pretreated softwood solid residues AN - 879469878; 13858952 AB - Hydrolysates were obtained from dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of whole-tree softwood forest thinnings and softwood sawdust. Mid-infrared (IR) spectra were obtained on sample sets of wet washed hydrolysates, and 45C vacuum-dried washed hydrolysates, using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometrer equipped with a diamond-composite attenuated total reflectance (ATR) cell. Partial least squares (PLS) analyiss of spectra from each sample set was performed. Regression analyses for sugar components and lignin were generated using results obtained from standard wet chemical and high-performance liquid chromatography methods. The correlation coefficients of the predicted and measured values were >0.9. The root mean square standard error of the estimate for each component in the residues was generally within 2 wt% of the measured value except where reported in the tables. The PLS regression analysis of the wet washed solids was similar to the PLS regression analysis on the 45C vacuum-dried sample set. The FTIR-ATR technique allows mid-IR spectra to be obtained in a few minutes from wet washed or dried washed pretreated biomass solids. The prediction of the solids composition of an unknown washed pretreated solid is very rapid once the PLS method has been calibrated with known standard solid residues. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Nguyen, Quang A AU - Eddy, Fannine P AU - Kadam, Kiran L AU - Gedvilas, Lynn M AU - Webb, John D AD - Biotechnology Center for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, 80401, Golden, CO, melvin_tucker@nrel.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - Mar 2001 SP - 51 EP - 61 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 91-93 IS - 1-9 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Sugar KW - Reflectance KW - Softwoods KW - Forests KW - Biomass KW - Sawdust KW - Thinning KW - Lignin KW - Regression analysis KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Hydrolysates KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879469878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Fourier+transform+infrared+quantitative+analysis+of+sugars+and+lignin+in+pretreated+softwood+solid+residues&rft.au=Tucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BNguyen%2C+Quang+A%3BEddy%2C+Fannine+P%3BKadam%2C+Kiran+L%3BGedvilas%2C+Lynn+M%3BWebb%2C+John+D&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Melvin&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=91-93&rft.issue=1-9&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A91-93%3A1-9%3A51 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - High-performance liquid chromatography; Thinning; Sugar; Reflectance; Lignin; Sulfuric acid; Softwoods; Regression analysis; Forests; Biomass; Sawdust; Hydrolysates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:91-93:1-9:51 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of operating conditions and vessel size on oxygen transfer during cellulase production AN - 860390796; 13858962 AB - The production of low-cost cellulase enzyme is a key step in the development of an enzymatic-based process for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol. Although abundant information is available on cellulase production, little of this work has examined oxygen transfer. We investigated oxygen transfer during the growth of Trichoderma reesei, a cellulase-producing microorganism, on soluble and insoluble substrates in vessel sizes from 7 to 9000 L. Oxygen uptake rates and volumetric mass transfer coefficients (k sub(L)a) were determined using mass spectroscopy to measure off gas composition. Experimentally measured k sub(L)a values were found to compare favorably with a k sub(L)a correlation available in the literature for a non-Newtonian fermentation broth during the period of heavy cell growth. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Schell, Daniel J AU - Farmer, Jody AU - Hamilton, Jenny AU - Lyons, Bob AU - McMillan, James D AU - Saez, Juan C AU - Tholudur, Arun AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, 80401, Golden, CO, dan_schell@nrel.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - March 2001 SP - 627 EP - 642 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 91-93 IS - 1-9 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oxygen KW - Fermentation KW - Microorganisms KW - Enzymes KW - Hypocrea jecorina KW - Mass transfer KW - Biomass KW - Cellulase KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860390796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+operating+conditions+and+vessel+size+on+oxygen+transfer+during+cellulase+production&rft.au=Schell%2C+Daniel+J%3BFarmer%2C+Jody%3BHamilton%2C+Jenny%3BLyons%2C+Bob%3BMcMillan%2C+James+D%3BSaez%2C+Juan+C%3BTholudur%2C+Arun&rft.aulast=Schell&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=91-93&rft.issue=1-9&rft.spage=627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A91-93%3A1-9%3A627 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxygen; Fermentation; Microorganisms; Enzymes; Mass transfer; Biomass; Cellulase; Ethanol; Hypocrea jecorina DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:91-93:1-9:627 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continuous countercurrent extraction of hemicellulose from pretreated wood residues AN - 860389539; 13858929 AB - Two-stage dilute acid pretreatment followed by enzymatic cellulose hydrolysisis an effectivemethod for obtaining high sugar yields from wood residuessuchassoftwood forest thinnings. In the first-stage hydrolysis step, most of the hemicellulose is solubilized using relatively mild conditions. The soluble hemicellu losic sugars are recovered from the hydrolysateslurry by washing with water. The washed solids are then subjected tomoresevere hydrolysis conditions to hydrolyze approx 50% of the cellulose to glucose. The remaining cellulose can further be hydrolyzed with cellulase enzyme. Our process simulation indicates that the amount of water used in the hemicellulose recovery step has a significan tim pact on the cost of ethanol production. It is important to keep water usage as low as possible while mainta ining relatively high recovery of solublesugars. To achieve this objective, a prototype pilot-scale continuous countercurrent screw extractor was evaluated for the recovery of hemicellulose from pretreated forest thinnings. Using the 274-cm (9-ft) long extractor, solubles recoveries of 98, 91, and 77% were obtained with liquid-to-insoluble solids (L/1S) ratios of 5.6, 3.4, and 2.1, respectively. An empirical equation was developed to predict the performance of the screwextractor. This equation predicts that soluble sugar recovery above 95% can be obtained with an L/IS ratio as low as 3.0. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Kim, Kyoung Heon AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Keller, Fred A AU - Aden, Andy AU - Nguyen, Quang A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, 80401-3393, Golden, CO, quang_nguyen@nrel.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - Mar 2001 SP - 253 EP - 267 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 91-93 IS - 1-9 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Thinning KW - Mathematical models KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - Forests KW - Enzymes KW - Hydrolysis KW - Cellulase KW - hemicellulose KW - Ethanol KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860389539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Continuous+countercurrent+extraction+of+hemicellulose+from+pretreated+wood+residues&rft.au=Kim%2C+Kyoung+Heon%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BKeller%2C+Fred+A%3BAden%2C+Andy%3BNguyen%2C+Quang+A&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Kyoung&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=91-93&rft.issue=1-9&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A91-93%3A1-9%3A253 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thinning; Sugar; Mathematical models; Cellulose; Glucose; Enzymes; Forests; Hydrolysis; Cellulase; Ethanol; hemicellulose DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:91-93:1-9:253 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for three distinct hydrogenase activities in Rhodospirillum rubrum AN - 910664944; 15667613 AB - Inducer, inhibitor, and mutant studies on three hydrogenase activities of Rhodospirillum rubrum indicate that they are mediated by three distinct hydrogenase enzymes. Uptake hydrogenase mediates H sub(2) uptake to an unknown physiological acceptor or methylene blue and is maximally synthesized during autotrophic growth in light. Formate-linked hydrogenase is synthesized primarily during growth in darkness or when light becomes limiting, and links formate oxidation to H sub(2) production. Carbon-monoxide-linked hydrogenase is induced whenever CO is present and couples CO oxidation to H sub(2) evolution. The enzymes can be expressed singly or conjointly depending on growth conditions, and the inhibitor or inducer added. All three hydrogenases can use methyl viologen as the mediator for both the H sub(2) evolution and H sub(2) uptake reactions while displaying distinct pH optima, reversibility, and sensitivity to C sub(2)H sub(2) gas. Yet, we present evidence that the CO-linked hydrogenase, unlike the uptake hydrogenase, does not link to methylene blue as the electron acceptor. These differences allow conditions to be established to quantitatively assay each hydrogenase independently of the others both in vivo and in vitro. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Maness, P-C AU - Weaver, P AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA, Pinching_maness@nrel.gov PY - 2001 SP - 751 EP - 756 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 57 IS - 5-6 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - methyl viologen KW - Ferredoxin hydrogenase KW - Growth conditions KW - Oxidation KW - Methylene blue KW - Enzymes KW - Rhodospirillum rubrum KW - pH effects KW - Evolution KW - Light effects KW - W 30940:Products KW - A 01490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/910664944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+three+distinct+hydrogenase+activities+in+Rhodospirillum+rubrum&rft.au=Maness%2C+P-C%3BWeaver%2C+P&rft.aulast=Maness&rft.aufirst=P-C&rft.date=2001-02-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-001-0828-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - methyl viologen; Ferredoxin hydrogenase; Growth conditions; Oxidation; Methylene blue; Enzymes; pH effects; Evolution; Light effects; Rhodospirillum rubrum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-001-0828-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Softwood Forest Thinnings as a Biomass Source for Ethanol Production: A Feasibility Study for California AN - 17772664; 4826244 AB - A plan has been put forth to strategically thin northern California forests to reduce fire danger and improve forest health. The resulting biomass residue, instead of being open burned, can be converted into ethanol that can be used as a fuel oxygenate or an octane enhancer. Economic potential for a biomass-to-ethanol facility using this softwood biomass was evaluated for two cases: stand-alone and co-located. The co-located case refers to a specific site with an existing biomass power facility near Martell, California. A two-stage dilute acid hydrolysis process is used for the production of ethanol from softwoods, and the residual lignin is used to generate steam and electricity. For a plant processing 800 dry tonnes per day of feedstock, the co-located case is an economically attractive concept. Total estimated capital investment is approximately $70 million for the co-located plant, and the resulting internal rate of return (IRR) is about 24% using 25% equity financing. A sensitivity analysis showed that ethanol selling price and fixed capital investment have a substantial effect on the IRR. It can be concluded that such a biomass-to-ethanol plant seems to be an appealing proposition for California, if ethanol replaces methyl tert-butyl ether, which is slated for a phaseout. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Kadam, K L AU - Wooley, R J AU - Aden, A AU - Nguyen, Q A AU - Yancey, MA AU - Ferraro, F M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, USA Y1 - 2000/12// PY - 2000 DA - Dec 2000 SP - 947 EP - 957 VL - 16 IS - 6 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - Thinning KW - USA, California KW - ethanol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Fuels KW - Forests KW - Biomass KW - W2 32550:Energy, minerals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17772664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Softwood+Forest+Thinnings+as+a+Biomass+Source+for+Ethanol+Production%3A+A+Feasibility+Study+for+California&rft.au=Kadam%2C+K+L%3BWooley%2C+R+J%3BAden%2C+A%3BNguyen%2C+Q+A%3BYancey%2C+MA%3BFerraro%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Kadam&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2000-12-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biomass; Forests; Fuels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Streamlined LCA of soy-based ink printing AN - 754881318; 13405311 AB - This study provides a benchmark of the life cycle environmental impact characteristics associated with a typical soybased ink used for sheetfed lithographic printing. The scope ineluded a streamlined Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) and Impact Assessment (LCIA). Materials, processes, and life cycle stages that are the same between different printing inks, or were less than one percent by mass of the printing system input materials, were excluded. The LCIA included identification of specific processes in the life cycle of soy-based ink printing that make the greatest contribution to the overall environmental hazard potential in 13 impact categories for the baseline printing system selected. The LCIA approach included both regional scaling for areas that differ in sensitivity to certain impact indicators and normalization against a reference value. Reduction in the use of tall oil rosin and switching from conventional to low or no-till farming appear to be promising opportunities for reducing the environmental hazard potential. JF - International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment AU - Tolle, Duane A AU - Evers, David P AU - Vigon, Bruce W AU - Sheehan, John J AD - Biotechnology Center for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 617 Cole Boulevard, 80401, Golden, CO, USA, tolled@battelle.org tolled@battelle.org tolled@battelle.org Y1 - 2000/11// PY - 2000 DA - Nov 2000 SP - 374 EP - 384 PB - Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft AG & Co. KG, Justus-von-Liebig-Strasse 1 Landsberg D-86899 Germany VL - 5 IS - 6 SN - 0948-3349, 0948-3349 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Sensitivity KW - life cycle analysis KW - Environmental impact KW - no-till cropping KW - environmental hazards KW - scaling KW - Oil KW - life cycle KW - benchmarks KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754881318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Life+Cycle+Assessment&rft.atitle=Streamlined+LCA+of+soy-based+ink+printing&rft.au=Tolle%2C+Duane+A%3BEvers%2C+David+P%3BVigon%2C+Bruce+W%3BSheehan%2C+John+J&rft.aulast=Tolle&rft.aufirst=Duane&rft.date=2000-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Life+Cycle+Assessment&rft.issn=09483349&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02978677 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Sensitivity; benchmarks; life cycle; life cycle analysis; Environmental impact; no-till cropping; environmental hazards; scaling DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02978677 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resonance Raman and Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectra of LH2 Antenna Complex from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Ectothiorhodospira sp. Excited in the Q sub(x) and Q sub(y) Transitions AN - 17600002; 4716384 AB - Well-resolved vibrational spectra of LH2 complex isolated from two photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Ectothiorhodospira sp., were obtained using surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) exciting into the Q sub(x) and the Q sub(y) transitions of bacteriochlorophyll a. High-quality SERRS spectra in the Q sub(y) region were accessible because the strong fluorescence background was quenched near the roughened Ag surface. A comparison of the spectra obtained with 590 nm and 752 nm excitation in the mid- and low-frequency regions revealed spectral differences between the two LH2 complexes as well as between the LH2 complexes and isolated bacteriochlorophyll a. Because peripheral modes of pigments contribute mainly to the low-frequency spectral region, frequencies and intensities of many vibrational bands in this region are affected by interactions with the protein. The results demonstrate that the microenvironment surrounding the pigments within the two LH2 complexes is somewhat different, despite the fact that the complexes exhibit similar electronic absorption spectra. These differences are most probably due to specific pigment-pigment and pigment-protein interactions within the LH2 complexes, and the approach might be useful for addressing subtle static and dynamic structural variances between pigment-protein complexes from different sources or in complexes altered chemically or genetically. JF - Photochemistry and Photobiology AU - Chumanov, G AU - Picorel, R AU - de Zarate, IO AU - Cotton, T M AU - Seibert, M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA, mike_seibert@nrel.gov Y1 - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DA - May 2000 SP - 589 EP - 595 VL - 71 IS - 5 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - LH2 antenna complex KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Rhodobacter sphaeroides KW - Photosynthesis KW - Ectothiorhodospira KW - J 02723:Photosynthesis, electron transport and related phenomena UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17600002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+Photobiology&rft.atitle=Resonance+Raman+and+Surface-Enhanced+Resonance+Raman+Spectra+of+LH2+Antenna+Complex+from+Rhodobacter+sphaeroides+and+Ectothiorhodospira+sp.+Excited+in+the+Q+sub%28x%29+and+Q+sub%28y%29+Transitions&rft.au=Chumanov%2C+G%3BPicorel%2C+R%3Bde+Zarate%2C+IO%3BCotton%2C+T+M%3BSeibert%2C+M&rft.aulast=Chumanov&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+Photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhodobacter sphaeroides; Ectothiorhodospira; Photosynthesis; Raman spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of the cell-wall loosening protein expansin as a possible additive in the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass AN - 954584478; 13858814 JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Baker, John O AU - King, Michele R AU - Adney, William S AU - Decker, Steve R AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Lantz, Suzanne E AU - Nieves, Rafael E AU - Thomas, Steven R AU - Li, Lian-Chao AU - Cosgrove, Daniel J AU - Himmel, Michael E AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Biotechnology Center for Fuels and Chemicals, 1617 Cole Boulevard, 80401, Golden, CO, john_baker@nrel.gov john_baker@nrel.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 217 EP - 223 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 84-86 IS - 1-9 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/954584478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+the+cell-wall+loosening+protein+expansin+as+a+possible+additive+in+the+enzymatic+saccharification+of+lignocellulosic+biomass&rft.au=Baker%2C+John+O%3BKing%2C+Michele+R%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BDecker%2C+Steve+R%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BLantz%2C+Suzanne+E%3BNieves%2C+Rafael+E%3BThomas%2C+Steven+R%3BLi%2C+Lian-Chao%3BCosgrove%2C+Daniel+J%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=84-86&rft.issue=1-9&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A84-86%3A1-9%3A217 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:84-86:1-9:217 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-stage dilute-acid pretreatment of softwoods AN - 879468754; 13858846 AB - Whole treechips obtained from softwood forest thinnings were pretreated via single-and two-stage dilute-sulfuric acid pretreatment. Whole-tree chips were impregnated with dilute sulfuric acid and steam treated in a 4-L steam explosion reactor. In single-stage pretreatment, wood chips were treated using a wide range of severity. In two-stage pretreatment, the first stage was carried out at low severity tomaximize hemicellulose recovery. Solubilized sugars were recovered from the first-stage prehydrolysate by washing with water. In the second stage, water-insoluble solids from first-stage prehydrolysate were impregnated with dilute sulfuric acid, then steam treated at more severe conditions to hydrolyze a portion of the remaining cellulose to glucose and to improve the enzyme digestibility. The total sugar yields obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis of two-stage dilute acid-pretreated samples were compared with sugar yields from single-stage pretreatment. The overall sugar yield from two-stage dilute-acid pretreatment was approx 10% higher, and the net enzyme requirement was reduced by about 50%. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using an adapted Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain further improved cellulose conversion yield and lowered the enzyme requirement. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Nguyen, Quang A AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Keller, Fred A AU - Eddy, Fannie P AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, 80401-3393, Golden, CO, quang_nguyen@nrel.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 561 EP - 576 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 84-86 IS - 1-9 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Fermentation KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - Softwoods KW - Steam KW - Forests KW - Enzymes KW - Hydrolysis KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - hemicellulose KW - Thinning KW - Bioreactors KW - Digestibility KW - Sulfuric acid KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879468754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Two-stage+dilute-acid+pretreatment+of+softwoods&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Quang+A%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BKeller%2C+Fred+A%3BEddy%2C+Fannie+P&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Quang&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=84-86&rft.issue=1-9&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A84-86%3A1-9%3A561 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Fermentation; Cellulose; Steam; Softwoods; Glucose; Enzymes; Forests; Hydrolysis; hemicellulose; Thinning; Bioreactors; Digestibility; Sulfuric acid; Saccharomyces cerevisiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:84-86:1-9:561 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improvements in titer, productivity, and yield using solka-floc for cellulase production AN - 860389608; 13858873 AB - Researchers studying cellulase enzymes for the economical production of fuel ethanol envision cellulose as the carbon source. However, submerged Trichoderma reesei cultures grown on cellulose exhibit high run-to-run variability. Thus, an investigation of 30 batch cellulase production experiments was instrumental in determining fermentation conditions that improved enzyme titers, yields, and productivities. Eighteen of the 30 batch experiments experienced minimal process upsets and were classified into eight groups based on agitation rate, gas sparge rate, and the use of oxygen supplementation. Comparing corn steep liquor with yeast extract/peptone also tested the effect of different sources of nitrogen in the media. Average 7-d enzyme titers were doubled from 4 to 8 FPU/mL primarily by increasing aeration. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Hayward, Tammy Kay AU - Hamilton, Jenny AU - Tholudur, Arun AU - McMillan, James D AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, 80401-3393, Golden, CO, jim_mcmillan@nrel.gov Y1 - 2000/03// PY - 2000 DA - Mar 2000 SP - 859 EP - 874 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 84-86 IS - 1-9 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fermentation KW - Fuels KW - Cellulose KW - Enzymes KW - Cell culture KW - Carbon sources KW - Agitation KW - Aeration KW - Supplementation KW - Cellulase KW - Oxygen KW - peptone KW - Hypocrea jecorina KW - Ethanol KW - Nitrogen KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860389608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Improvements+in+titer%2C+productivity%2C+and+yield+using+solka-floc+for+cellulase+production&rft.au=Hayward%2C+Tammy+Kay%3BHamilton%2C+Jenny%3BTholudur%2C+Arun%3BMcMillan%2C+James+D&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=Tammy&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft.volume=84-86&rft.issue=1-9&rft.spage=859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A84-86%3A1-9%3A859 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fermentation; Fuels; Cellulose; Enzymes; Cell culture; Carbon sources; Agitation; Aeration; Cellulase; Supplementation; Oxygen; peptone; Nitrogen; Ethanol; Hypocrea jecorina DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:84-86:1-9:859 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fourier transform infrared quantification of sugars in pretreated biomass liquors. AN - 71196655; 10849777 AB - The process of converting renewable lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol requires a number of steps, and pretreatment is one of the most important. Pretreatment usually involves a hydrolysis of the easily hydrolyzed hemi-cellulosic component of biomass using some form of thermal/chemical/mechanical action that results in a product that can be further hydrolyzed by cellulase enzymes (the cellulosic portion). The sugars produced can then be fermented to ethanol by fermentative microorganisms. If the pretreatment step is not severe enough, the resultant residue is not as easily hydrolyzed by the cellulase enzyme. More severe pretreatment conditions result in the production of degradation products that are toxic to the fermentative microorganism. In this article, we report the quantitative analysis of glucose, mannose, xylose, and acetic acid using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy on liquors from dilute-acid-pretreated soft-wood and hard-wood slurries. Comparison of FTIR and high-performance liquid chromatography quantitative analyses of these liquors are reported. Recent developments in infrared probe technology has enabled the rapid quantification of these sugars by FTIR spectroscopy in the batch reactor during optimization of the pretreatment conditions, or interfaced to the computer controlling a continuous reactor for on-line monitoring and control. JF - Applied biochemistry and biotechnology AU - Tucker, M P AU - Mitri, R K AU - Eddy, F P AU - Nguyen, Q A AU - Gedvilas, L M AU - Webb, J D AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Biotechnology Center for Fuels and Chemicals, Golden, CO 80401-3393, USA. melvin_tucker@nrel.gov Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 39 EP - 50 VL - 84-86 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Monosaccharides KW - 0 KW - Plant Extracts KW - lignocellulose KW - 11132-73-3 KW - Cellulose KW - 9004-34-6 KW - Lignin KW - 9005-53-2 KW - Cellulase KW - EC 3.2.1.4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared -- methods KW - Fermentation KW - Wood KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Hydrolysis KW - Monosaccharides -- analysis KW - Lignin -- chemistry KW - Cellulose -- chemistry KW - Biomass UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71196655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+biochemistry+and+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Fourier+transform+infrared+quantification+of+sugars+in+pretreated+biomass+liquors.&rft.au=Tucker%2C+M+P%3BMitri%2C+R+K%3BEddy%2C+F+P%3BNguyen%2C+Q+A%3BGedvilas%2C+L+M%3BWebb%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=84-86&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+biochemistry+and+biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2000-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2000-09-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Renewables on Main Street AN - 60696733; 200523230 AB - Photovoltaics (PV), a technology capable of generating electricity directly from sunlight, is commonly viewed as a rural technology that is best suited to supplying power for small villages & remote farms. Most people are surprised to learn that one of the fastest growing markets for PV is in urban areas. Energy generated by PV can be a powerful, cost-effective tool in the hands of municipal planners for low-power, mobile applications when power from the local utility is neither available nor cost-effective to extend. It is quiet, reliable, safe, & environmentally benign. It blends unobtrusively into parks, bus stops, rail stations, & other urban landscapes or streetscapes. In many cases, it is the least expensive option. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2000.] JF - Public Works Management & Policy AU - Thornton, John P AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2000///0, PY - 2000 DA - 0, 2000 SP - 224 EP - 236 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1087-724X, 1087-724X KW - renewable energy sources KW - Sustainable Development KW - Environmental Protection KW - Energy Policy KW - Technology KW - article KW - 9261: public policy/administration; public policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60696733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Works+Management+%26+Policy&rft.atitle=Renewables+on+Main+Street&rft.au=Thornton%2C+John+P&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Works+Management+%26+Policy&rft.issn=1087724X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sustainable Development; Energy Policy; Environmental Protection; Technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimizing the Geographic Distribution of Wind Plants in Iowa for Maximum Economic Benefit and Reliability AN - 20387263; 9059664 AB - By the end of June 1999, 250 MW of wind generation had been dedicated in the State of Iowa. This represents the beginning of what is likely to be significant wind capacity development during the next 20 years in the State as a result of possible governmental mandates and consumers' desire for sustainable sources of energy. After accounting for predicted load growth over the next 15 years, we estimate Iowa's potential wind energy portfolio through to the year 2015. Winds in the Midwest are primarily generated by fronts moving through the region. The purpose of this study is to find the best way to distribute wind-generating capacity among several sites by using an electricity-production, cost and reliability model. We calculate this benefitin terms of reduction in the fuel cost of conventional generators. We also consider system reliability in terms of energy not served (ENS). Our findings indicate that it is beneficial to develop wind power plants at several sites, and that there are many possible combinations of wind locations that can be chosen to obtain diversity benefits. We also calculate capacity credit for the composite wind power plants using two different methods, and calculate a trade-off curve between the economically optimal and the most reliable solutions. The methods we use to find the best geographical locations and sizes of wind power plant are based on a dynamic fuzzy search algorithm and a genetic algorithm. Each procedure produces a solution set that can be analyzed further in other contexts, such as voltage and land use constraints. We illustrate the sensitivity of the fuzzy economic benefit solutions to small perturbations of the capacity selections at each wind site. We find that small changes in site capacity and/or location have small effects on the economic benefit provided by wind power plants. JF - Wind Engineering AU - Milligan, M R AU - Factor, T AD - National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 271 EP - 290 PB - Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd., 5 Wates Way Brentwood Essex CM15 9TB UK, [mailto:mscience@globalnet.co.uk], [URL:http://www.multi-science.co.uk] VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0309-524X, 0309-524X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - composite materials KW - Wind energy KW - USA, Iowa KW - Fuels KW - Economics KW - portfolios KW - Sustainable development KW - Land use KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20387263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Engineering&rft.atitle=Optimizing+the+Geographic+Distribution+of+Wind+Plants+in+Iowa+for+Maximum+Economic+Benefit+and+Reliability&rft.au=Milligan%2C+M+R%3BFactor%2C+T&rft.aulast=Milligan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Engineering&rft.issn=0309524X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - composite materials; Wind energy; Fuels; portfolios; Economics; Sustainable development; Land use; USA, Iowa ER - TY - CONF T1 - Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals AN - 17661651; 4727335 AB - Each year leading researchers from academia, industry, and government offer surveys and reviews of their cuttingedge research and latest applications in the production of fuels and chemicals through biotechnology. This latest volume of Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals focuses on how best to improve and optimize these technologies and their economics to produce the fuels and chemicals so vital to many industrial sectors. Based on major new studies presented at the 21st Symposium, held in Fort Collins, CO, May 2-6, 1999, Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals covers an impressively wide range of topics, including new fuel supplies, the processing of feedstocks, and applied biological and bioprocessing research. Also discussed is work on emerging technologies for industrial chemicals, bioprocessing evaluation and confirmation, enzymatic processes and enzyme production, bioconversion, novel plants, separation, economics, and scaleup issues. The conference demonstrated anew its ongoing success in bringing basic research productively to bear on industrial bioprocessing for both fuels and chemicals. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Finkelstein, M AU - Davison, B H Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 1171 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr. Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07012-1165 USA VL - 84-86 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Reviews KW - Fuels KW - Biotechnology KW - W2 32550:Energy, minerals KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17661651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biotechnology+for+Fuels+and+Chemicals&rft.au=Finkelstein%2C+M%3BDavison%2C+B+H&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=84-86&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pilot-Scale Demonstration of an Innovative Treatment for Vapor Emissions AN - 17427790; 4644858 AB - Researchers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory recently conducted a pilot-scale study at McClellan Air Force Base (AFB) in Sacramento, CA. The objective of the test was to determine the effectiveness of an ambient-temperature, solar-powered photocatalytic oxidation treatment unit for destroying emissions of chlorinated organic compounds from an air stripper. This paper reports test results and discusses applications and limitations of the technology. A 10-standard-cubic-foot-per-minute (SCFM) (28.3 L/min) slip stream of air from an air stripper at Operative Unit 29-31 at McClellan AFB was passed through a reactor that contained a lightweight, perforated, inert support coated with photoactive titanium dioxide. The reactor faced south and was tilted at a 45 degree angle from vertical so that the light-activated catalyst received most of the available sunlight. An online portable gas chromatograph with two identical columns simultaneously analyzed the volatile organic compounds contained in the reactor inlet and outlet air streams. Summa canister grab samples of the inlet and outlet were also collected and sent to a certified laboratory for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method TO-14 analysis and verification of our field analyses. Three weeks of testing demonstrated that the treatment system's destruction and removal officiencies (DREs) are greater than 95% at 10 SCFM with UV intensities at or greater than 1.5 milliwatts/square centimeter (mW/cm super(2)). DREs greater than 95% at 20 SCFM were obtained under conditions where UV irradiation measured at or greater than 2 mW/cm super(2). In Sacramento, this provided 6 hours of operation per clear or nearly clear day in April. A solar tracking system could extend operating time. The air stream also contained trace amounts of benzene. We observed no loss of system performance during testing. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Watt, A S AU - Magrini, KA AU - Carlson, LE AU - Wolfrum, E J AU - Larson, SA AU - Roth, C AU - Glatzmaier, G C AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA Y1 - 1999/11// PY - 1999 DA - Nov 1999 SP - 1368 EP - 1373 VL - 49 IS - 11 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - USA, California, Sacramento KW - titanium dioxide KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollutant removal KW - Organochlorine compounds KW - Emission control KW - Air stripping KW - Vapors KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Photooxidation KW - Solar energy KW - Research programs KW - Technology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17427790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Pilot-Scale+Demonstration+of+an+Innovative+Treatment+for+Vapor+Emissions&rft.au=Watt%2C+A+S%3BMagrini%2C+KA%3BCarlson%2C+LE%3BWolfrum%2C+E+J%3BLarson%2C+SA%3BRoth%2C+C%3BGlatzmaier%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1999-11-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1368&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air stripping; Emission control; Photooxidation; Organochlorine compounds; Ultraviolet radiation; Pollutant removal; Technology; Solar energy; Research programs; Vapors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Process Design and Costing of Bioethanol Technology: A Tool for Determining the Status and Direction of Research and Development AN - 17356687; 4622443 AB - Bioethanol is a fuel-grade ethanol made from trees, grasses, and waste materials. It represents a sustainable substitute for gasoline in today's passenger cars. Modeling and design of processes for making bioethanol are critical tools used in the U.S. Department of Energy's bioethanol research and development program. We use such analysis to guide new directions for research and to help us understand the level at which and the time when bioethanol will achieve commercial success. This paper provides an update on our latest estimates for current and projected costs of bioethanol. These estimates are the result of very sophisticated modeling and costing efforts undertaken in the program over the past few years. Bioethanol could cost anywhere from $1.16 to $1.44 per gallon, depending on the technology and the availability of low cost feedstocks for conversion to ethanol. While this cost range opens the door to fuel blending opportunities, in which ethanol can be used, for example, to improve the octane rating of gasoline, it is not currently competitive with gasoline as a bulk fuel. Research strategies and goals described in this paper have been translated into cost savings for ethanol. Our analysis of these goals shows that the cost of ethanol could drop by 40 cents per gallon over the next ten years by taking advantage of exciting new tools in biotechnology that will improve yield and performance in the conversion process. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Wooley, R AU - Ruth, M AU - Glassner, D AU - Sheehan, J AD - Biotechnology Center for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 794 EP - 803 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - ethanol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Grasses KW - Trees KW - Fuels KW - Wastes KW - Process engineering KW - Reviews KW - W2 32550:Energy, minerals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17356687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Process+Design+and+Costing+of+Bioethanol+Technology%3A+A+Tool+for+Determining+the+Status+and+Direction+of+Research+and+Development&rft.au=Wooley%2C+R%3BRuth%2C+M%3BGlassner%2C+D%3BSheehan%2C+J&rft.aulast=Wooley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=794&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fbp990107u LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fuels; Trees; Reviews; Process engineering; Wastes; Grasses DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp990107u ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymes, Energy, and the Environment: A strategic Perspective on the U.S. Department of Energy's Research and Development Activities for Bioethanol AN - 17350308; 4622445 AB - For well over one hundred years, researchers around the world have pursued ways to make ethanol from biomass such as wood, grasses, and waste materials. To distinguish it from ethanol made from starch and sugars in traditional agricultural crops, we refer to ethanol made from biomass as "bioethanol." The effort to develop bioethanol technology gained significant momentum in the late 1970s as a result of the energy crises that occurred in that decade. This article briefly reviews the broader history of bioethanol technology development. With this as a background, we focus our attention on the strategic thinking behind the U.S. Department of Energy's Bioethanol Program, which envisions remarkable advances in cellulase enzyme research and as the basis for significant future process cost reductions. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Sheehan, J AU - Himmel, M AD - Biotechnology Center for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 817 EP - 827 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - ethanol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Enzymes KW - Crops KW - Energy KW - Reviews KW - W2 32550:Energy, minerals KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17350308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Enzymes%2C+Energy%2C+and+the+Environment%3A+A+strategic+Perspective+on+the+U.S.+Department+of+Energy%27s+Research+and+Development+Activities+for+Bioethanol&rft.au=Sheehan%2C+J%3BHimmel%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fbp990110d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Energy; Enzymes; Crops DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp990110d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and expression of Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I in Pichia pastoris. AN - 70835839; 10514252 AB - Pichia pastoris was transformed with the Trichoderma reesei cbh1 gene, and the recombinant enzyme was purified and analyzed kinetically and by circular dichroism. The P. pastoris rCBH I was recognized by MoAb raised to T. reesei CBH I but was found in multiple molecular weight species on SDS-PAGE gels. Carbohydrate content determination and SDS-PAGE western analysis indicated that the recombinant protein was hyperglycosylated, although a species very similar in molecular weight to the T. reesei enzyme could be isolated chromatographically. The P. pastoris rCBH I also demonstrated activity toward soluble and insoluble substrates (i.e., pNPL and Sigmacell), although at a level significantly lower than the wild-type enzyme. More seriously, the yeast-expressed enzyme showed non-wild-type secondary structure by circular dichroism. We conclude that P. pastoris may not serve as an adequate host for the site-directed mutagenesis of T. reesei CBH I. JF - Biotechnology progress AU - Godbole, S AU - Decker, S R AU - Nieves, R A AU - Adney, W S AU - Vinzant, T B AU - Baker, J O AU - Thomas, S R AU - Himmel, M E AD - Biotechnology Center for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. PY - 1999 SP - 828 EP - 833 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 0 KW - Cellulase KW - EC 3.2.1.4 KW - Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.91 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sequence Analysis, Protein KW - Base Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Kinetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Circular Dichroism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- genetics KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Trichoderma -- genetics KW - Pichia -- genetics KW - Cellulase -- biosynthesis KW - Trichoderma -- enzymology KW - Pichia -- metabolism KW - Cellulase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70835839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+progress&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+expression+of+Trichoderma+reesei+cellobiohydrolase+I+in+Pichia+pastoris.&rft.au=Godbole%2C+S%3BDecker%2C+S+R%3BNieves%2C+R+A%3BAdney%2C+W+S%3BVinzant%2C+T+B%3BBaker%2C+J+O%3BThomas%2C+S+R%3BHimmel%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Godbole&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=828&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-11-15 N1 - Date created - 1999-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bactericidal activity of photocatalytic TiO sub(2) reaction: Toward an understanding of its killing mechanism AN - 17347273; 4629278 AB - When titanium dioxide (TiO sub(2)) is irradiated with near-UV light, this semiconductor exhibits strong bactericidal activity. In this paper, we present the first evidence that the lipid peroxidation reaction is the underlying mechanism of death of Escherichia coli K-12 cells that are irradiated in the presence of the TiO sub(2) photocatalyst. Using production of malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index to assess cell membrane damage by lipid peroxidation, we observed that there was an exponential increase in the production of MDA, whose concentration reached 1.1 to 2.4 nmol times mg (dry weight) of cells super(-1) after 30 min of illumination, and that the kinetics of this process paralleled cell death. Under these conditions, concomitant losses of 77 to 93% of the cell respiratory activity were also detected, as measured by both oxygen uptake and reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride from succinate as the electron donor. The occurrence of lipid peroxidation and the simultaneous losses of both membrane-dependent respiratory activity and cell viability depended strictly on the presence of both light and TiO sub(2). We concluded that TiO sub(2) photocatalysis promoted peroxidation of the polyunsaturated phospholipid component of the lipid membrane initially and induced major disorder in the E. coli cell membrane. Subsequently, essential functions that rely on intact cell membrane architecture, such as respiratory activity, were lost, and cell death was inevitable. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Maness, P-C AU - Smolinski, S AU - Blake, D M AU - Huang, Zh AU - Wolfrum, E J AU - Jacoby, WA AD - The National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401-3393, USA, pinching_maness@nrel.gov Y1 - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DA - Sep 1999 SP - 4094 EP - 4098 VL - 65 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - mechanisms KW - titanium dioxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - U.V. radiation KW - Bactericides KW - Escherichia coli KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Lipid peroxidation KW - A 01066:Antibacterial & bactericidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17347273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Bactericidal+activity+of+photocatalytic+TiO+sub%282%29+reaction%3A+Toward+an+understanding+of+its+killing+mechanism&rft.au=Maness%2C+P-C%3BSmolinski%2C+S%3BBlake%2C+D+M%3BHuang%2C+Zh%3BWolfrum%2C+E+J%3BJacoby%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Maness&rft.aufirst=P-C&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4094&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Bactericides; Antibacterial agents; Lipid peroxidation; U.V. radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellulase for commodity products from cellulosic biomass AN - 17321206; 4591463 AB - A vital objective for second millennium biotechnology will be the enzymatic conversion of renewable cellulosic biomass to inexpensive fermentable sugars; new and more efficient fermentation processes will convert this biological 'currency' to a variety of commodity products. Although early strides will be made using process development and engineering disciplines, mid-term and longer advances must rely heavily on insight gained through protein and metabolic engineering technologies. These challenging goals can be met most effectively by the full integration of academic, federal, and industrial efforts in teams that develop and apply new fundamental knowledge to key cost drivers. JF - Current Opinion in Biotechnology AU - Himmel, ME AU - Ruth, M F AU - Wyman, CE AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA, Michael_Himmel@nrel.gov Y1 - 1999/08// PY - 1999 DA - Aug 1999 SP - 358 EP - 364 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - cellulose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Protein engineering KW - Biomass KW - Cellulase KW - Reviews KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17321206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Cellulase+for+commodity+products+from+cellulosic+biomass&rft.au=Himmel%2C+ME%3BRuth%2C+M+F%3BWyman%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Himmel&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=358&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0958-1669%2899%2980065-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biomass; Reviews; Cellulase; Protein engineering DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0958-1669(99)80065-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dilute acid hydrolysis of softwoods. Scientific note AN - 879471319; 13857504 AB - Whole tree chips obtained from softwood forest thinnings were converted to ethanol via a two-stage dilute acid hydrolysis followed by yeast fermentation. The chips were first impregnated with dilute sulfuric acid, then pretreated in a steam explosion reactor to hydrolyze, more than 90% of the hemicellulose and approx 10% of the cellulose. The hydrolysate was filtered and washed with water to recover the sugars. The washed fibers were then subjected to a second acid im pregnation and hydrolysis to hydrolyze as much as 45% of the reamining cellulose. The liquors from both hydrolysates were combined and fermented to ethanol by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast that had been adapted to the inhibitors. Based on available hexose sugars, ethanol yields varied from 74 to 89% of theoretical. Oligosaccharide contents higher than about 10% of the total available sugar appear to have a negative impact on ethanol yield. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Nguyen, Quang A AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Keller, Fred A AU - Beaty, Delicia A AU - Connors, Kevin M AU - Eddy, Fannie P AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., 80401, Golden, CO Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 133 EP - 142 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 77 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - oligosaccharides KW - Trees KW - Fermentation KW - Cellulose KW - Softwoods KW - Steam KW - Forests KW - Hydrolysis KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - hemicellulose KW - Thinning KW - Fibers KW - Hexose KW - Bioreactors KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Hydrolysates KW - Ethanol KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879471319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Dilute+acid+hydrolysis+of+softwoods.+Scientific+note&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Quang+A%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BKeller%2C+Fred+A%3BBeaty%2C+Delicia+A%3BConnors%2C+Kevin+M%3BEddy%2C+Fannie+P&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Quang&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A77%3A1-3%3A133 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; oligosaccharides; Fermentation; Trees; Cellulose; Steam; Softwoods; Forests; Hydrolysis; hemicellulose; Fibers; Thinning; Hexose; Bioreactors; Sulfuric acid; Hydrolysates; Ethanol; Saccharomyces cerevisiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:133 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A process economic approach to develop a dilute-acid cellulose hydrolysis process to produce ethanol from biomass AN - 860388948; 13857555 AB - Successful deployment of a bioethanol process depends on the integration of technologies that can be economically commercialized. Pretreatment and fermentation operations of the traditional enzymatic bioethanol-production process constitute the largest portion of the capital and operating costs. Cost reduction in these areas, through improved reactions and reduced capital, will improve the economic feasibility of a large-scale plant. A technoeconomic model was developed using the ASPEN Plus super(TN) modeling software package. This model in cluded a two-stage pretreatment operation with a co-current first stage and countercurrent second stage, a lignin adsorption unit, and a cofermentation unit. Data from kinetic modeling of the pretreatment reactions, verified by bench-scale experiments, were used to create the ASPEN Plus base model. Results from the initial pretreatment and fermentation yields of the two-stage system correlated well to the performance targets established by the model. The ASPEN Plus model determined mass and energy-balance information, which was supplied, to an economic module to determine the required selling price of the ethanol. Several pretreatment process variables such as glucose yield, liquid: solid ratio, additional pretreatment stages, and lignin adsorption were varied to determine which parameters had the greatest effect on the process economics. Optimized values for these key variables became target values for the bench-scale research, either to achieve oridentify as potential obstacles in the future commercialization process. Results from this modeling and experimentation sequence have led to the design of an advanced two-stage engineering-scale reactor for a dilute-acid hydrolysis process. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Nagle, Nick AU - Ibsen, Kelly AU - Jennings, Edward AD - Center for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., 80401, Golden, CO, Nick_Nagle@NREL.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - March 1999 SP - 595 EP - 607 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 79 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Fermentation KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - Computer programs KW - Integration KW - software KW - Bioreactors KW - Kinetics KW - Lignin KW - Economics KW - Adsorption KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - A 01390:Forestry KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860388948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=A+process+economic+approach+to+develop+a+dilute-acid+cellulose+hydrolysis+process+to+produce+ethanol+from+biomass&rft.au=Nagle%2C+Nick%3BIbsen%2C+Kelly%3BJennings%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Nagle&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A79%3A1-3%3A595 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Fermentation; Cellulose; Glucose; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Integration; Computer programs; software; Kinetics; Bioreactors; Economics; Lignin; Adsorption; Biofuels; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:79:1-3:595 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzyme production, growth, and adaptation of T. reesei strains QM9414, L-27, RL-P37, and rut C-30 to conditioned yellow poplar sawdust hydrolysate. Scientific note AN - 860388025; 13857519 AB - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has developed a conditioning process that decreases acetic acid levels in pretreated yellow poplar hydrolysate. Trichoderma reesei is sensitive to acetic acid and this conditioning method has enabled applied cellulase production with hardwoods. T. reesei strains QM9414, L-27, RL-P37, and Rut C-30 were screened for growth on conditioned hydrolysate liquor. Tolerance to hydrolysate was found to be strain-dependent. Strain QM9414 was adapted to grow in 80% (v/v) conditioned hydrolysate (40 g/L of soluble sugars and 1.6 g/L acetic acid from pretreated poplar). However, enzyme production was highest at 20% (v/v) hydrolysateusing strain L-27. Cellulasetiters of 2-3 International Filter Paper Units (IFPU)/mL were achieved using pretreated yellow poplar liquors and solids as the sole carbon sources. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Hayward, Tammy Kay AU - Hamilton, Jenny AU - Templeton, David AU - Jennings, Ed AU - Ruth, Mark AU - Tholudur, Arun AU - McMillan, James D AU - Tucker, Mel AU - Mohagheghi, Ali AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., 80401, Golden, CO, tammy_hayward@nrel.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 293 EP - 309 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 77 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Adaptations KW - Enzymes KW - Carbon sources KW - Acetic acid KW - Hardwoods KW - Sawdust KW - Cellulase KW - Energy KW - Filter paper KW - Hypocrea jecorina KW - Hydrolysates KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860388025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Enzyme+production%2C+growth%2C+and+adaptation+of+T.+reesei+strains+QM9414%2C+L-27%2C+RL-P37%2C+and+rut+C-30+to+conditioned+yellow+poplar+sawdust+hydrolysate.+Scientific+note&rft.au=Hayward%2C+Tammy+Kay%3BHamilton%2C+Jenny%3BTempleton%2C+David%3BJennings%2C+Ed%3BRuth%2C+Mark%3BTholudur%2C+Arun%3BMcMillan%2C+James+D%3BTucker%2C+Mel%3BMohagheghi%2C+Ali&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=Tammy&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A77%3A1-3%3A293 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Adaptations; Energy; Filter paper; Enzymes; Carbon sources; Sawdust; Hardwoods; Acetic acid; Cellulase; Hydrolysates; Hypocrea jecorina DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:293 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling the enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute-acid pretreated Douglas Fir AN - 856760891; 13857530 AB - Glucose yield from the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was investigated as a function of cellulase enzyme loading (7-36 filter paper units [FPU]/g cellulose) and solids concentration (7-18% total solids) for up to 72 h on dilute sulfuric-acid pretreated Douglas Fir. The saccharification was performed on whole hydrolysate with no separation or washing of the solids. Enzyme loading had a significant effect on glucose yield; solids concentration had a much smaller effect even at higher glucose concentrations. The data were used to generate an empirical model for glucose yield, and to fit parameters of a cellulose hydrolysis kinetic model. Both models could be used for economic evaluation of a separate hydrolysis and fermentation process. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Schell, Daniel J AU - Ruth, Mark F AU - Tucker, Melvin P AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., 80401-3393, Golden, CO, dan_schell@nrel.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 67 EP - 81 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 77 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Fermentation KW - Kinetics KW - Cellulose KW - Economics KW - Glucose KW - Filter paper KW - Enzymes KW - Hydrolysis KW - Hydrolysates KW - Cellulase KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856760891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+enzymatic+hydrolysis+of+dilute-acid+pretreated+Douglas+Fir&rft.au=Schell%2C+Daniel+J%3BRuth%2C+Mark+F%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P&rft.aulast=Schell&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A77%3A1-3%3A67 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Fermentation; Kinetics; Economics; Cellulose; Filter paper; Glucose; Enzymes; Hydrolysis; Cellulase; Hydrolysates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:77:1-3:67 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation of dilute-acid pretreated yellow poplar hardwood to ethanol using xylose-fermenting Zymomonas mobilis AN - 815536604; 13857559 AB - Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF) was carried out at approximately 15% total solids using conditioned dilute-acid pretreated yellow poplar feedstock, an adapted variant of National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) xylose-fermenting Zymomonas mobilis and either commercial or NREL-produced cellulase enzyme preparations. In 7 d, at a cellulase loading of 12 filter paper units pergram cellulose (FPU/g), the integrated system produced more than 3% w/v ethanol and achieved 54% conversion of all potentially available biomass sugars (total sugars) entering SSCF. A control SSCF employing Sigmacell cellulose and a commercial cellulase at an enzyme loading of 14 FPU/gachieved 65% conversion of total sugars to ethanol. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - McMillan, James D AU - Newman, Mildred M AU - Templeton, David W AU - Mohagheghi, Ali AD - Biotechnology Center for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, 80401-3393, Golden, CO, jim_mcmillan@nrel.gov Y1 - 1999/03// PY - 1999 DA - Mar 1999 SP - 649 EP - 665 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 79 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Xylose KW - Energy KW - Cellulose KW - Filter paper KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Hardwoods KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Cellulase KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - J 02300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815536604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+saccharification+and+cofermentation+of+dilute-acid+pretreated+yellow+poplar+hardwood+to+ethanol+using+xylose-fermenting+Zymomonas+mobilis&rft.au=McMillan%2C+James+D%3BNewman%2C+Mildred+M%3BTempleton%2C+David+W%3BMohagheghi%2C+Ali&rft.aulast=McMillan&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A79%3A1-3%3A649 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Xylose; Energy; Cellulose; Filter paper; Enzymes; Biomass; Hardwoods; Cellulase; Ethanol; Zymomonas mobilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:79:1-3:649 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioconversion of mixed solids waste to ethanol. AN - 69886914; 10399281 AB - A mixed solids waste (MSW) feedstock, comprising construction lumber waste (35% oven-dry basis), almond tree prunings (20%), wheat straw (20%), office waste paper (12.5%), and newsprint (12.5%), was converted to ethanol via dilute-acid pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and yeast fermentation. The MSW was pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid (0.4% w/w) at 210 degrees C for 3 min in a 4-L steam explosion reactor, then washed with water to recover the solubilized hemicellulose. The digestibility of water-washed, pretreated MSW was 90% in batch enzymatic hydrolysis at 66 FPU/g cellulose. Using an enzyme-recycle bioreactor system, greater than 90% cellulose hydrolysis was achieved at a net enzyme loading of about 10 FPU/g cellulose. Enzyme recycling using membrane filtration and a fed-batch fermentation technique is a promising option for significantly reducing the cost of enzyme in cellulose hydrolysis. The hexose sugars were readily fermentable using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain that was adapted to the hydrolysate. Solid residue after enzyme digestion was subjected to various furnace experiments designed to assess the fouling and slagging characteristics. Results of these analyses suggest the residue to be of a low to moderate slagging and fouling type if burned by itself. JF - Applied biochemistry and biotechnology AU - Nguyen, Q A AU - Keller, F A AU - Tucker, M P AU - Lombard, C K AU - Jenkins, B M AU - Yomogida, D E AU - Tiangco, V M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. quang_nguyen@nrel.gov Y1 - 1999 PY - 1999 DA - 1999 SP - 455 EP - 471 VL - 77-79 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - Biomass KW - Time Factors KW - Hydrolysis KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Ethanol -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/69886914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+biochemistry+and+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Bioconversion+of+mixed+solids+waste+to+ethanol.&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Q+A%3BKeller%2C+F+A%3BTucker%2C+M+P%3BLombard%2C+C+K%3BJenkins%2C+B+M%3BYomogida%2C+D+E%3BTiangco%2C+V+M&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.volume=77-79&rft.issue=&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+biochemistry+and+biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1999-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A monolithic photovoltaic-photoelectrochemical device for hydrogen production via water splitting AN - 16343704; 4299126 AB - Direct water electrolysis was achieved with a novel, integrated, monolithic photoelectrochemical-photovoltaic design. This photoelectrochemical cell, which is voltage biased with an integrated photovoltaic device, splits water directly upon illumination; light is the only energy input. The hydrogen production efficiency of this system, based on the short-circuit current and the lower heating value of hydrogen, is 12.4 percent. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Khaselev, O AU - Turner, JA AD - Natl. Renewable Energy Lab., 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401-3393, USA, jturner@nrel.gov Y1 - 1998/04/17/ PY - 1998 DA - 1998 Apr 17 SP - 425 EP - 427 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science VL - 280 IS - 5362 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - water splitting KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16343704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=A+monolithic+photovoltaic-photoelectrochemical+device+for+hydrogen+production+via+water+splitting&rft.au=Khaselev%2C+O%3BTurner%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Khaselev&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1998-04-17&rft.volume=280&rft.issue=5362&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of yellow poplar pretreatment between NREL digester and sunds hydrolyzer AN - 883013811; 13859159 AB - Single-stage cocurrent dilute acid pretreatments were carried out on yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) sawdust using an as-installed and short residence time modified pilot-scale Sunds hydrolyzer and a 4-L bench-scale NREL digester (steam explosion reactor). Pretreatment conditions for the Sunds hydrolyzer, installed in the NREL process development unit (PDU), which operates at 1 t/d (bone-dry t) feed rate, spanned the temperature range of 160 - 210C, 0.1 - 1.0% (w/w) sulfuric acid, and 4-10-min residence times. The batch pretreatments of yellow poplar sawdust in the bench-scale digester were carried out at 210 and 230C, 0.26% (w/w) sulfuric acid, and 1-, 3-, and 4-min residence times. The dilute acid prehydrolysis solubilized more than 90% of the hemicellulose, and increased the enzymatic digestibility of the cellulose that remained in the solids. Compositional analysis of the pretreated solids and liquors and mass balance data show that the two pretreatment devices had similar pretreatment performance. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Tucker, M P AU - Farmer, J D AU - Keller, F A AU - Schell, D J AU - Nguyan, Q A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 80401, Golden, CO Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 25 EP - 35 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 70-72 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Data processing KW - Liriodendron tulipifera KW - Cellulose KW - Digestibility KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Steam KW - Sawdust KW - hemicellulose KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/883013811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+yellow+poplar+pretreatment+between+NREL+digester+and+sunds+hydrolyzer&rft.au=Tucker%2C+M+P%3BFarmer%2C+J+D%3BKeller%2C+F+A%3BSchell%2C+D+J%3BNguyan%2C+Q+A&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=70-72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02920121 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Data processing; Digestibility; Cellulose; Steam; Sulfuric acid; Sawdust; hemicellulose; Liriodendron tulipifera DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02920121 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Yeast adaptation on softwood prehydrolysate AN - 879476189; 13859169 AB - Several strains and genera of yeast, includingSaccharomyces cerevisiae D sub(5)A,Pachysolen tannophilus, S. cerevisiae K-l,Brettanomyces custersii, Candida shehatae, andCandida acidothermophilum, are screened for growth on dilute acid-pretreated softwood prehydrolysate. Selected softwood species found in forest underbrush of the western United States, which contain predominantly hexosan hemicellulose, were studied. This phase of the work emphasized debarked Douglas fir. The two best initial isolates were gradually selected for improved growth by adaptation to increasing prehydrolysate concentrations in batch culture, with due consideration of nutrient requirements. Microaerophilic conditions were evaluated to encourage tolerance of pretreatment hydrolysate, as well as ethanol product. Adaptation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) results are used to illustrate improved performance with an adapted strain, compared to the wild type. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Keller, Fcred A AU - Bates, Delicia AU - Ruiz, Ray AU - Nguyen, Quang AD - Biotechnology Center for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 80401, Golden, CO Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 137 EP - 148 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 70-72 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Nutrient requirements KW - Adaptations KW - Candida shehatae KW - Fermentation KW - Softwoods KW - Forests KW - Drug tolerance KW - Hydrolysates KW - Ethanol KW - hemicellulose KW - Batch culture KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/879476189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Yeast+adaptation+on+softwood+prehydrolysate&rft.au=Keller%2C+Fcred+A%3BBates%2C+Delicia%3BRuiz%2C+Ray%3BNguyen%2C+Quang&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Fcred&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=70-72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02920131 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nutrient requirements; Adaptations; Fermentation; Softwoods; Drug tolerance; Forests; Hydrolysates; Batch culture; hemicellulose; Ethanol; Candida shehatae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02920131 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pretreatment of softwood by acid-catalyzed steam explosion followed by alkali extraction AN - 860372466; 13859158 AB - A process for converting lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol hydrolyzes the hemicellulosic fraction to soluble sugars (i.e., pretreatment), followed by acid- or enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the cellulosic fraction. Enzymatic hydrolysis may be improved by using an alkali to extract a fraction of the lignin from the pretreated material. The removal of the lignin may increase the accessibility of the cellulose to enzymatic attack, and thus improve overall economics of the process, if the alkali-treated material can still be effectively converted to ethanol. Pretreated Douglas fir produced by a sulfuric-acid-catalyzed steam explosion was treated with NaOH, NH sub(4)OH, and lime to extract some of the lignin. The treated material, along with an untreated control sample, was tested by an enzymatic-digestion procedure, and converted to ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using a glucose-fermenting yeast. NaOH was most effective at removing lignin (removed 29%), followed by NH4OH and lime. However, the susceptibility of the treated material to enzymatic digestion was lower than the control and decreased with increasing lignin removal. Ethanol production was similar for the control and NaOH-treated material, and lower for NH sub(4)OH- and lime-treated material. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Schell, Daniel AU - Nguyen, Quang AU - Tucker, Melvin AU - Boynton, Brian AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 80401, Golden, CO Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 17 EP - 24 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 70-72 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Fermentation KW - Lignin KW - Economics KW - Cellulose KW - Steam KW - Softwoods KW - Alkalis KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860372466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Pretreatment+of+softwood+by+acid-catalyzed+steam+explosion+followed+by+alkali+extraction&rft.au=Schell%2C+Daniel%3BNguyen%2C+Quang%3BTucker%2C+Melvin%3BBoynton%2C+Brian&rft.aulast=Schell&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=70-72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02920120 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Fermentation; Cellulose; Economics; Lignin; Softwoods; Steam; Biomass; Alkalis; Hydrolysis; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02920120 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dilute acid pretreatment of softwoods. Scientific note AN - 860372439; 13859163 AB - Selective thinning of forests in the western United States will generate a large, sustainable quantity of softwood residues that can be an attractive feedstock for fuel ethanol production. The major species available from thinning of forests in northern California and the eastern Rocky Mountains include white fir (Abies concolor), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Douglas fir chips were soaked in 0.4% sulfuric acid solution, then pretreated with steam at 200 - 230C for 1 - 5 min. After pretreatment, 90 - 95% of the hemicellulose and as much as 20% of the cellulose was solubilized in water, and 90% of the remaining cellulose can be hydrolyzed to glucose by cellulase enzyme. The prehydrolysates, at as high as 10% total solid concentration, can be readily fermented by the unadapted yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae D sub(5)A. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Nguyen, Q A AU - Tucker, M P AU - Boynton, B L AU - Keller, F A AU - Schell, D J AD - Biotechnology Center for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 80401, Golden, CO Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 77 EP - 87 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 70-72 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Abies concolor KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Fuels KW - Cellulose KW - Steam KW - Glucose KW - Softwoods KW - Enzymes KW - Forests KW - Cellulase KW - hemicellulose KW - Mountains KW - Thinning KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860372439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Dilute+acid+pretreatment+of+softwoods.+Scientific+note&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+Q+A%3BTucker%2C+M+P%3BBoynton%2C+B+L%3BKeller%2C+F+A%3BSchell%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=70-72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02920125 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fuels; Cellulose; Softwoods; Glucose; Steam; Forests; Enzymes; Cellulase; hemicellulose; Mountains; Thinning; Sulfuric acid; Ethanol; Abies concolor; Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02920125 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a novel, two-step process for treating municipal biosolids for beneficial reuse AN - 860372247; 13859207 AB - Modern municipal sewage waste treatment plants use conventional mechanical and biological processes to reclaim wastewaters. This process has an overall effect of converting a water pollution problem into a solid waste disposal problem (sludges or biosolids). An estimated 10 million tons of biosolids, which require final disposal, are produced annually in the United States. Although numerous disposal options for biosolids are available, including land application, landfilling, and incineration, disposal costs have risen, partly because of increased federal and local environmental restrictions(1). A novel, thermomechanical biosolids pre-treatment process, which allows for a variety of potential value-added uses, was developed. This two-step process first employs thermal explosive decompression to inactivate or kill the microbial cells and viruses. This primary step also results in the rupture of a small amount of the microbial biomass and increases the intrinsic fluidity of the biosolids. The second step uses shear to effect a near-complete rupturing of the microbial biomass, and shears the nondigested organics, which increases the overall surface area. Pretreated biosolids may be subjected to a secondary anaerobic digestion process to produce additional fuel gas, and to provide for a high-quality, easily dewatered compost product. This novel biosolids pretreatment process was recently allowed a United States patent. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Rivard, Christopher J AU - Duff, Brian W AU - Nagle, Nicholas J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 80401, Golden, CO Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 569 EP - 577 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 70-72 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Anaerobic digestion KW - biosolids KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - V:22300 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860372247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+novel%2C+two-step+process+for+treating+municipal+biosolids+for+beneficial+reuse&rft.au=Rivard%2C+Christopher+J%3BDuff%2C+Brian+W%3BNagle%2C+Nicholas+J&rft.aulast=Rivard&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=70-72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=569&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02920169 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biosolids DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02920169 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of net present value analysis to evaluate a publicly funded biomass-to-ethanol research, development, and demonstration program and valuate expected private sector participation AN - 839660516; 13859229 AB - One of the functions of government is to invest tax dollars in programs, projects, and properties that will result in greater public benefit than would have resulted from leaving the tax dollars in the private sector or using them to pay off the public debt. This paper describes the use of Net Present Value(npv) as an approach to analyze and select investment opportunities for government money in public research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) programs and to evaluate potential private sector participation in the programs. This approach is then applied to a specific biomass-to-ethanol opportunity in California. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Hinman, Norman D AU - Yancey, Mark A AD - Center for Renewable Fuels and Biotechnology National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, 80401-3393, CO Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 807 EP - 819 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 70-72 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Analysis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839660516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Use+of+net+present+value+analysis+to+evaluate+a+publicly+funded+biomass-to-ethanol+research%2C+development%2C+and+demonstration+program+and+valuate+expected+private+sector+participation&rft.au=Hinman%2C+Norman+D%3BYancey%2C+Mark+A&rft.aulast=Hinman&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=70-72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02920191 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02920191 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continuous culture studies of xylose-fermentingZymomonas mobilis AN - 815537423; 13859189 AB - The continuous cofermentation performance of xylose-fermentingZymomonas mobilis at 30C and pH 5.5 was characterized using a pure-sugar feed solution that contained 8 g/L glucose and 40 g/L xylose. Successful chemostat start up resulted in complete utilization of glucose and greater than 85% utilization of xylose, but was only reproducibly achieved using initial dilution rates at or less than 0.04/h; once initiated, cofermentation could be maintained at dilution rates of 0.04 to 0.10/h. Whereas xylose and cell-mass concentrations increased gradually with increasing dilution rate, ethanol concentrations and ethanol yields on available sugars remained approximately constant at 20-22 g/L and 80-90% of theoretical, respectively. Volumetric and specific ethanol productivities increased linearly with increasing dilution rate, rising from approx 1.0 each (g/L/h or g/g/h) at a dilution rate of 0.04/h to approx 2.0 each (g/L/h or g/g/h) at a dilution rate of 0.10/h. Similarly, specific sugar-utilization rates increased from approx 2.0 g/g/h at dilution rate 0.04/h to approx 3.5 g/g/h at dilution rate of 0.10/h. The estimated values of 0.042 g/g for the maximum Z.mobilis cell-mass yield on substrate and 1.13 g/g/h for the minimum specific substrate utilization rate required for cellular maintenance energy are within the range of values reported in the literature. Results are also presented which suggest that long-term adaptation in continuous culture is a powerful technique for developing strains with higher tolerance to inhibitory hemicellulose hydrolyzates. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Lawford, Hugh G AU - Rousseau, Joyce D AU - Mohagheghi, Ali AU - McMillan, James D AD - Biotechnology Center for Fuels andChemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617Cole Boulevard, 80401, Golden, CO Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 353 EP - 367 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 70-72 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Xylose KW - Adaptations KW - Glucose KW - Drug tolerance KW - Strains KW - hemicellulose KW - Feed composition KW - Continuous culture KW - Chemostats KW - Energy KW - pH effects KW - Biotechnology KW - Ethanol KW - Q1 08562:Fishing vessels and harbours KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - J 02300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815537423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Continuous+culture+studies+of+xylose-fermentingZymomonas+mobilis&rft.au=Lawford%2C+Hugh+G%3BRousseau%2C+Joyce+D%3BMohagheghi%2C+Ali%3BMcMillan%2C+James+D&rft.aulast=Lawford&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=70-72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02920151 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adaptations; Continuous culture; Xylose; Glucose; Strains; Biotechnology; Feed composition; Sugar; Chemostats; Energy; Drug tolerance; pH effects; hemicellulose; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02920151 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cofermentation of glucose, xylose, and arabinose by mixed cultures of two genetically engineeredZymomonas mobilis strains AN - 815536158; 13859183 AB - Cofermentation of xylose and arabinose, in addition to glucose, is critical for complete bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass, such as agricultural residues and herbaceous energy crops, to ethanol. A factorial design experiment was used to evaluate the cofermentation of glucose, xylose, and arabinose with mixed cultures of two genetically engineeredZymomonas mobilis strains (one ferments xylose and the other arabinose). The pH range studied was 5.0-6.0, and the temperature range was 30-37C The individual sugar concentrations used were 30 g/L glucose, 30 g/L xylose, and 20 g/L arabinose. The optimal cofermentation conditions obtained by data analysis, using Design Expert software, were pH 5.85 and temperature 31.5C. The cofermentation process yield at optimal conditions was 72.5% of theoritical maximum. The results showed that neither the arabinose strain nor arabinose affected the performance of the xylose strain; however, both xylose strain and xylose had a significant effect on the performance of the arabinose strain. Although cofermentation of all three sugars is achieved by the mixed cultures, there is a preferential order of sugar utilization. Glucose is used rapidly, then xylose, followed by arabinose. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Mohagheghi, Ali AU - Evans, Kent AU - Finkelstein, Mark AU - Zhang, Min AD - Biotechnology Center for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 80401, Golden, CO Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 285 EP - 299 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 70-72 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Data processing KW - Xylose KW - Mixed culture KW - Glucose KW - Biomass KW - Crops KW - Computer programs KW - software KW - Energy KW - bioconversion KW - Arabinose KW - pH effects KW - Ethanol KW - G 07800:Plants and Algae KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815536158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Cofermentation+of+glucose%2C+xylose%2C+and+arabinose+by+mixed+cultures+of+two+genetically+engineeredZymomonas+mobilis+strains&rft.au=Mohagheghi%2C+Ali%3BEvans%2C+Kent%3BFinkelstein%2C+Mark%3BZhang%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Mohagheghi&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=70-72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02920145 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Sugar; Xylose; Data processing; Mixed culture; Glucose; Biomass; Crops; Computer programs; software; Energy; bioconversion; Arabinose; pH effects; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02920145 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction to session 3 AN - 807291281; 13859194 JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Bajpai, Rakesh AU - Glassner, David A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 415 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 70-72 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807291281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+session+3&rft.au=Bajpai%2C+Rakesh%3BGlassner%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Bajpai&rft.aufirst=Rakesh&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=70-72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02920156 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02920156 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey and analysis of commercial cellulase preparations suitable for biomass conversion to ethanol AN - 16398010; 4308190 AB - Commercial cellulase enzymes have been used in the food, detergent, and textile industries, and are potentially effective for processing biomass feedstocks. A survey was undertaken to identify major manufacturers/distributors of cellulases in the USA and to evaluate 13 representative commercial preparations for enzyme activity, protein concentration, and chemical composition. Samples were subjected to activity measurements using filter paper, carboxymethylcellulose, cellobiose, and p-nitrophenyl- beta -D-glucopyranoside as substrates. To ascertain the microbial origin of the commercial preparations, Western blots utilizing monoclonal antibodies specific for Trichoderma reesei CBH I and Aspergillus niger beta -D-glucosidase were developed. Eleven of the cellulases tested were of T. reesei or T. viride origin and two were from A. niger. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Nieves, R A AU - Ehrman, C I AU - Adney, W S AU - Elander, R T AU - Himmel, ME AD - Biotechnology Center for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DA - Mar 1998 SP - 301 EP - 304 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16398010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Survey+and+analysis+of+commercial+cellulase+preparations+suitable+for+biomass+conversion+to+ethanol&rft.au=Nieves%2C+R+A%3BEhrman%2C+C+I%3BAdney%2C+W+S%3BElander%2C+R+T%3BHimmel%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Nieves&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a low-cost fermentation medium for ethanol production from biomass AN - 16231170; 4216772 AB - Nutrient cost is an important aspect in the fermentation of biomass to ethanol. With a goal of developing a cost-effective fermentation medium, several industrially available nutrient sources were evaluated for their effectiveness in the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of pretreated poplar with Saccharomyces cerevisiae D sub(5)A. These studies showed that a low-cost medium containing 0.3% corn steep liquor and 2.5 mM MgSO sub(4) - 7H sub(2)O was similar in performance to a nutrient-rich medium. Besides its low cost, this alternative medium consists of components that are available on a commercial scale, thereby making it industrially relevant. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Kadam, K L AU - Newman, M M AD - Biotechnology Center for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 1997/06// PY - 1997 DA - Jun 1997 SP - 625 EP - 629 VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - biomass KW - budding yeast KW - ethanol KW - fermentation KW - media (culture) KW - nutrients KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16231170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+low-cost+fermentation+medium+for+ethanol+production+from+biomass&rft.au=Kadam%2C+K+L%3BNewman%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Kadam&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Candida acidothermophilum in ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass AN - 899135966; 15667425 AB - A Saccharomyces-cerevisiae-based simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of lignocellulosic biomass is limited to an operating temperature of about 37 degree C, and even a small increase in temperature can have a deleterious effect. This points to a need for a more thermotolerant yeast. To this end, S. cerevisiae D sub(5)A and a thermotolerant yeast, Candida acidothermophilum, were tested at 37 degree C, 40 degree C, and 42 degree C using dilute-acid-pretreated poplar as substrate. At 40 degree C, C. acidothermophilum produced 80% of the theoretical ethanol yield, which was higher than the yield from S.cerevisiae D sub(5)A at either 37 degree C or 40 degree C. At 42 degree C, C. acidothermophilum showed a slight drop in performance. On the basis of preliminary estimates, SSF with C. acidothermophilum at 40 degree C can reduce cellulase costs by about 16%. Proportionately greater savings can be realized at higher temperatures if such a high-temperature SSF is feasible. This demonstrates the advantage of using thermophilic or thermotolerant yeasts. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Kadam, K L AU - Schmidt, S L AD - Biotechnology Center for Fuels and Chemicals, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, Colorado 80401, USA, US PY - 1997 SP - 709 EP - 713 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Fermentation KW - Candida KW - Biomass KW - Cellulase KW - Ethanol KW - K 03340:Effects of Physical & Chemical Factors KW - A 01390:Forestry KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899135966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Candida+acidothermophilum+in+ethanol+production+from+lignocellulosic+biomass&rft.au=Kadam%2C+K+L%3BSchmidt%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Kadam&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-02-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002530051120 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Fermentation; Biomass; Cellulase; Ethanol; Candida DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051120 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of pretreated hardwoods. Effect of Native Lignin Content AN - 911149222; 13858636 AB - A series of correlations was made between the performance of 15 wood species in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and their respective chemical compositions. A compelling inverse trend (p < 0.001) was demonstrated between the percent conversion of glucan to ethanol during SSF and the Klason lignin content of the wood samples before dilute acid pretreatment. No significant relationships were found between the glucan, xylan, and ash compositions of the native wood samples and ethanol yield. This observation is unique and provides a convenient predictor of biomass conversion efficiency. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Ehrman, Christine I AU - Adney, William S AU - Thomas, Steven R AU - Himmel, Michael E AD - Applied Biological Sciences Section, Alternative Fuels Division, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., 80401, Golden, CO Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 99 EP - 104 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fermentation KW - Xylan KW - Lignin KW - Biomass KW - Hardwoods KW - glucans KW - Ethanol KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/911149222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+saccharification+and+fermentation+of+pretreated+hardwoods.+Effect+of+Native+Lignin+Content&rft.au=Vinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BEhrman%2C+Christine+I%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BThomas%2C+Steven+R%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E&rft.aulast=Vinzant&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02787987 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xylan; Fermentation; Lignin; Biomass; Hardwoods; glucans; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02787987 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of lactic acid from wastepaper as a cellulosic feedstock AN - 762281966; 13777677 AB - Lactic acid promises to be an important commodity chemical in the future as a monomer for the production of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA). As the demand for lactic acid increases, the need to explore alternative feedstock sources and process options that are inexpensive and efficient is bound to gain importance. This paper reports the results of a study of the production of lactic acid from wastepaper as a representative cellulosic feedstock, using a batch, bench-scale simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process. The effect on process performance of operating parameters such as pH, temperature, enzyme loading, solids concentration, and enzyme preparation has been examined. A lactic acid product yield of 84% of theoretical was achieved at a solids loading of 5%, using 25 filter paper units (FPU) of cellulase per gram of cellulose, at 45C and pH5.0. The pH and temperature of operation have been selected to achieve good performance of both the cellulase and the microoganism in the SSF process. Our studies show that a feedstock such as wastepaper offers considerable promise and opportunity in the future for development of a biomass-based process for lactic acid production. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Schmidt, S AU - Padukone, N AD - Alternative Fuels Division, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401-3393, USA, US Y1 - 1997/01// PY - 1997 DA - Jan 1997 SP - 10 EP - 14 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Monomers KW - Fermentation KW - Polylactic acid KW - Cellulose KW - Lactic acid KW - Filter paper KW - Enzymes KW - pH effects KW - Biodegradability KW - Cellulase KW - W 30940:Products KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762281966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Production+of+lactic+acid+from+wastepaper+as+a+cellulosic+feedstock&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+S%3BPadukone%2C+N&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.jim.2900339 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monomers; Temperature effects; Fermentation; Polylactic acid; Cellulose; Filter paper; Lactic acid; Enzymes; Biodegradability; pH effects; Cellulase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900339 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Power plant flue gas as a source of CO sub(2) for microalgae cultivation: economic impact of different process options AN - 16455511; 4380561 AB - As CO sub(2) plays a central role in the economics of microalgae cultivation, an accurate estimate of its cost is essential. Toward this end, an economic model was developed for CO sub(2) recovery from power-plant flue gas and its delivery to microalgae ponds. A design basis was devised for recovering CO sub(2) from flue gas emitted by a typical 500 MW power plant located in the Southwestern United States. For the standard process, which included monoethanolamine (MEA) extraction, compression, dehydration, and transportation to the ponds, a delivered CO sub(2) cost of $40/t was estimated. The model was also used to evaluate the efficacy of directly using the flue gas, however, this option was found to be more expensive. The economics of microalgae cultivation using power-plant flue gas can be evaluated by integrating this model for CO sub(2) recovery with a previously developed model for microalgae cultivation. The model predictions for a long-term process are: a lipid cost of $1.4/gal (unextracted) and a mitigation cost of $30/t CO sub(2) (CO sub(2) avoided basis). These costs are economically attractive and demonstrate the promise of microalgal technology. JF - ENERGY CONVERS. MANAGE. AU - Kadam, K L Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - S505 EP - S510 VL - 38 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16455511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ENERGY+CONVERS.+MANAGE.&rft.atitle=Power+plant+flue+gas+as+a+source+of+CO+sub%282%29+for+microalgae+cultivation%3A+economic+impact+of+different+process+options&rft.au=Kadam%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Kadam&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ENERGY+CONVERS.+MANAGE.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National Wind Technology Center sitewide, Golden, CO; environmental assessment AN - 52162706; 2002-000116 AB - The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the nation's primary solar and renewable energy research laboratory, proposes to expand its wind technology research and development program activities at its National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) near Golden, Colorado. Proposed activities include the construction and reuse of buildings and facilities, installation of up to 20 wind turbine test sites, improvements in infrastructure, and subsequent research activities, technology testing, and site operations. In addition to wind turbine test activities, NWTC may be used to support other NREL program activities and small-scale demonstration projects. This document assesses potential consequences to resources within the physical, biological, and human environment, including potential impacts to: air quality, geology and soils, water resources, biological resources, cultural and historic resources, socioeconomic resources, land use, visual resources, noise environment, hazardous materials and waste management, and health and safety conditions. Comment letters were received from several agencies in response to the scoping and predecisional draft reviews. The comments have been incorporated as appropriate into the document with full text of the letters contained in the Appendices. Additionally, information from the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site on going sitewide assessment of potential environmental impacts has been reviewed and discussed by representatives of both parties and incorporated into the document as appropriate. JF - DOE/EA (U. S. Department of Energy. Environmental Assessment) Y1 - 1996/11// PY - 1996 DA - November 1996 SP - 138 PB - U. S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC KW - wind energy KW - United States KW - soils KW - programs KW - Golden Colorado KW - Jefferson County Colorado KW - impact statements KW - pollution KW - optimization KW - research KW - environmental analysis KW - waste management KW - energy sources KW - risk assessment KW - ecology KW - National Renewable Energy Laboratory KW - Colorado KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52162706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=National+Wind+Technology+Center+sitewide%2C+Golden%2C+CO%3B+environmental+assessment&rft.title=National+Wind+Technology+Center+sitewide%2C+Golden%2C+CO%3B+environmental+assessment&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from NTIS database, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Technical Information Service, (703)605-6000, order number DE97004345NEG, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04197 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colorado; ecology; energy sources; environmental analysis; Golden Colorado; impact statements; Jefferson County Colorado; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; optimization; pollution; programs; research; risk assessment; soils; United States; waste management; wind energy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of an epi-fluorescence assay for monitoring yeast viability and pretreatment hydrolysate toxicity in the presence of lignocellulosic solids. AN - 78048062; 8669916 JF - Applied biochemistry and biotechnology AU - Combs, N AU - Hatzis, C AD - Bioprocess Development Branch, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 649 EP - 657 VL - 57-58 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - lignocellulose KW - 11132-73-3 KW - Cellulose KW - 9004-34-6 KW - Lignin KW - 9005-53-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Fluorometry KW - Staining and Labeling KW - Hydrolysis KW - Lignin -- pharmacology KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- growth & development KW - Cellulose -- pharmacology KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78048062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+biochemistry+and+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Development+of+an+epi-fluorescence+assay+for+monitoring+yeast+viability+and+pretreatment+hydrolysate+toxicity+in+the+presence+of+lignocellulosic+solids.&rft.au=Combs%2C+N%3BHatzis%2C+C&rft.aulast=Combs&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=57-58&rft.issue=&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+biochemistry+and+biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-06 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and expression of full-length Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I cDNAs in Escherichia coli. AN - 78046882; 8669906 AB - The process of converting lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol via fermentation depends on developing economic sources of cellulases. Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase (CBH) I is a key enzyme in the fungal cellulase system; however, specific process application requirements make modification of the enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) an attractive goal. To undertake SDM investigations, an efficient, cellulase-free host is required. To test the potential of Escherichia coli as a host, T. reesei CBH I cDNA was expressed in E. coli strain GI 724 as a C-terminal fusion to thermostable thioredoxin protein. Full-length expression of CBH I was subsequently verified by molecular weight, Western blot analysis, and activity on soluble substrates. JF - Applied biochemistry and biotechnology AU - Laymon, R A AU - Adney, W S AU - Mohagheghi, A AU - Himmel, M E AU - Thomas, S R AD - Applied Biological Sciences Branch, Alternative Fuels Division, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 389 EP - 397 VL - 57-58 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Thioredoxins KW - 52500-60-4 KW - Cellulase KW - EC 3.2.1.4 KW - Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.91 KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Trichoderma KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression KW - Escherichia coli KW - RNA, Messenger -- isolation & purification KW - Gene Library KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Cellulase -- biosynthesis KW - Thioredoxins -- genetics KW - Cellulase -- genetics KW - Thioredoxins -- biosynthesis KW - DNA, Complementary -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/78046882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+biochemistry+and+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+expression+of+full-length+Trichoderma+reesei+cellobiohydrolase+I+cDNAs+in+Escherichia+coli.&rft.au=Laymon%2C+R+A%3BAdney%2C+W+S%3BMohagheghi%2C+A%3BHimmel%2C+M+E%3BThomas%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Laymon&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=57-58&rft.issue=&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+biochemistry+and+biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-08-06 N1 - Date created - 1996-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perspective on High-efficiency Cu(In, Ga)Se sub(2)-based Thin-film Solar Cells Fabricated by Simple, Scalable Processes AN - 1448721424; 18560133 AB - We have fabricated high-efficiency Cu(In, Ga)Se sub(2)(CIGS)-based photovoltaic (PV) devices by four different processes. Each process may be characterized as cither sequential or concurrent deposition of the metals with or without an activity of selenium. A world-record, total-area efficiency of 17.1% has been achieved by the concurrent delivery of the metals in the presence of selenium. Gallium has been introduced into the device in such a manner as to produce homogeneous, normal profiling and double-profiling graded bandgap structures. This has resulted in an open-circuit voltage (V sub(oc)) parameter of 680 mV and a fill factor of over 78%. A growth model has been developed allowing for simple translation of these processes to a manufacturing environment for the large-scale production of modules. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Tuttle, J R AU - Contreras, MA AU - Gabor, A M AU - Ramanathan, K R AU - Tennant, AL AU - Albin, D S AU - Keane, J AU - Noufi, R AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA. Y1 - 1995/11// PY - 1995 DA - Nov 1995 SP - 383 EP - 391 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 3 IS - 6 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Metals KW - Selenium KW - Gallium KW - Solar cells KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448721424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Perspective+on+High-efficiency+Cu%28In%2C+Ga%29Se+sub%282%29-based+Thin-film+Solar+Cells+Fabricated+by+Simple%2C+Scalable+Processes&rft.au=Tuttle%2C+J+R%3BContreras%2C+MA%3BGabor%2C+A+M%3BRamanathan%2C+K+R%3BTennant%2C+AL%3BAlbin%2C+D+S%3BKeane%2C+J%3BNoufi%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tuttle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-11-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.4670030603 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Selenium; Metals; Gallium; Solar cells DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.4670030603 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Economic development through biomass system integration; summary report AN - 52627803; 1998-003537 AB - Alfalfa is a well-known and widely-planted crop that offers environmental and soil conservation advantages when grown as a 4-year segment in a 7-year rotation with corn and soybeans. Alfalfa fixes nitrogen from the air, thereby enhancing soil nitrogen and decreasing the need for manufactured nitrogen fertilizer. With alfalfa yields of 4 dry tons per acre per year and the alfalfa leaf fraction sold as a high-value animal feed the remaining alfalfa stem fraction can be economically viable fuel feedstock for a gasifier combined cycle power plant. This report is a feasibility study for an integrated biomass power system, where an energy crop (alfalfa) is the feedstock for a processing plant and a power power plant (integrated gasification combined cycle) in a way that benefits the facility owners. The sale of an animal feed co-product and electricity both help cover the production cost of alfalfa and the feedstock processing cost, thereby requiring neither the electricity or leaf meal to carry the total cost. The power plant provides an important continuous demand for the feedstock and results in continuous supply of leaf product to provide a reliable supply needed for the leaf meal product. JF - Economic development through biomass system integration; summary report AU - DeLong, M M Y1 - 1995/10// PY - 1995 DA - October 1995 SP - 64 VL - NREL/TP-430-20517 KW - soils KW - fertilizers KW - recycling KW - markets KW - biomass KW - pollution KW - power plants KW - feasibility studies KW - conservation KW - report KW - economics KW - waste disposal KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52627803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=DeLong%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=DeLong&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Economic+development+through+biomass+system+integration%3B+summary+report&rft.title=Economic+development+through+biomass+system+integration%3B+summary+report&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from NTIS database, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Technical Information Service, (703)605-6000, order number DE96000496NEG, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - SuppNotes - Contract AC36-83CH10093 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gravity anomalies and crustal structure at the Mesozoic Blake Spur fracture zone AN - 50162708; 1999-016359 AB - A number of recent studies have used gravity data from mid-ocean ridges to infer along-axis crustal thickness variations, and hence variations in melt supply. A problem with these studies is that it is difficult to distinguish the effects of crustal thickness variations from those of crustal and mantle density variations. We analyze gravity data from the 12-13 km offset Blake Spur Fracture Zone in 140 Ma crust in the western North Atlantic. The advantage of studying this area is that mantle density variations are likely to be much smaller than those at the ridge axis, and crustal thickness variations are well constrained by expanding spread profiles (ESPs). Thus we are able to separately quantify the contributions made to the gravity anomaly by crustal thickness and crustal density variations. After removal of the gravity effects of the seabed and the oceanic basement topography, as defined by a grid of multichannel seismic reflection profiles, the gravity data show a linear 5-mGal high along the fracture zone. After removal of the effects of crustal thickness variations defined by the ESPs, and of a basal high-velocity layer beneath the fracture zone interpreted to be partially serpentinized upper mantle, the data show a 5-mGal gravity low at the fracture zone. An alternative interpretation of the basal layer, as a thickened Moho transition zone, also leads to a residual gravity low. These results, together with other recent results from fracture zones on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, suggest that crustal thickness variations at fracture zones may be consistently understimated by studies based on gravity data. The discrepancy may be explained by variations in crustal density due to enhanced fracturing in the vicinity of fracture zones, and to disproportionate thinning of oceanic layer 3 near segment boundaries. Copyright 1995 by the American Geophysical Union. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Minshull, T A AU - Morris, E AU - Detrick, R S Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - September 1995 SP - 17 EP - 17,779 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 100 IS - B9 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - crustal thickening KW - seismic profiles KW - geophysical surveys KW - density KW - geophysical methods KW - mantle KW - Blake Spur fracture zone KW - Mesozoic KW - seismic methods KW - gravity methods KW - gravity anomalies KW - fracture zones KW - velocity structure KW - surveys KW - geophysical profiles KW - Blake Plateau KW - North Atlantic KW - Blake Nose KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50162708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Gravity+anomalies+and+crustal+structure+at+the+Mesozoic+Blake+Spur+fracture+zone&rft.au=Minshull%2C+T+A%3BMorris%2C+E%3BDetrick%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Minshull&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=B9&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F95JB01692 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1999-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; Blake Nose; Blake Plateau; Blake Spur fracture zone; crustal thickening; density; fracture zones; geophysical methods; geophysical profiles; geophysical surveys; gravity anomalies; gravity methods; mantle; Mesozoic; North Atlantic; seismic methods; seismic profiles; surveys; velocity structure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95JB01692 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thin Films: Past, Present, Future AN - 1448719531; 18560125 AB - Thin-film photovoltaics was developed as a means of substantially reducing the cost of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The rationale for this was that thin-film modules would be cheaper to manufacture owing to their reduced material costs, energy costs, handling costs and capital costs. However, thin films had to he developed using new materials, including amorphous silicon, copper indium diselenide, cadmium telluride and film crystalline silicon. In all cases, these technologies faced major technical and financial hurdles. The most crucial technical barriers are described within the text. Today, much progress has been made and the performance of the best thin-film laboratory cells approaches the best performance of polycrystalline silicon cells. Outdoor stability has been a problem, especially with amorphous silicon, but this material and newer thin films now display good to excellent stability. It appears that the goal of thin films-truly low-cost PV electricity that can be sold into energy-significant markets-can be achieved. However, its achievement will require both the continuing resolution of technical problems and the ongoing investment of significant public and/or private resources. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Zweibel, Ken AD - Thin Film Partnership Program, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden CO 80401, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 279 EP - 293 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 3 IS - 5 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Silicon KW - Indium KW - Energy KW - Economics KW - Cadmium KW - Capital costs KW - Copper KW - Technology KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448719531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Thin+Films%3A+Past%2C+Present%2C+Future&rft.au=Zweibel%2C+Ken&rft.aulast=Zweibel&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.4670030503 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Silicon; Energy; Indium; Economics; Capital costs; Cadmium; Copper; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.4670030503 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Future of Amorphous Silicon Photovoltaic Technology AN - 1439217300; 18560127 AB - Amorphous silicon modules are commercially available. They are the first truly commercial thin-film photovoltaic (PV) devices. Well-defined production processes over very large areas (> 1 m super(2)) have been implemented. There are few environmental issues during manufacturing, deployment in the field or with the eventual disposal of the modules. Manufacturing safety issues are well characterized and controllable. The highest measured initial efficiency to date is 13.7% for a small triple-stacked cell and the highest stabilized module efficiency is 10%, There is a consensus among researchers that in order to achieve a 15% stabilized efficiency, a triple-junction amorphous silicon structure is required. Fundamental improvements in alloys are needed for higher efficiencies. This is being pursued through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory/US Department of Energy (NREL/DOE) Thin-Film Partnership Program. Cost reductions through improved manufacturing processes are being pursued under the NREL/DOE-sponsored research in manufacturing technology (PVMaT). Much of the work in designing a-Si devices is a result of trying to compensate for the Staebler-Wronski effect. Some new deposition techniques hold promise because they have produced materials with lower stabilized defect densities. However, none has yet produced a high-efficiency device and shown it to be more stable than those from standard glow discharge-deposited material. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Crandall, R AU - Luft, W AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. Y1 - 1995/09// PY - 1995 DA - Sep 1995 SP - 315 EP - 332 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 3 IS - 5 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Manufacturing industry KW - Silicon KW - Solar cells KW - Energy KW - Renewable energy KW - Economics KW - Alloys KW - Technology KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1439217300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=The+Future+of+Amorphous+Silicon+Photovoltaic+Technology&rft.au=Crandall%2C+R%3BLuft%2C+W&rft.aulast=Crandall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.4670030506 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manufacturing industry; Silicon; Renewable energy; Energy; Solar cells; Economics; Alloys; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.4670030506 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Effect of leachate recirculation on landfill gas production and leachate quality; a controlled laboratory study AN - 52775186; 1997-001460 AB - This report summarizes the results of a laboratory study conducted during 1992-1994 at Argonne National Laboratory. The study examined biogas production and leachate chemistry in parallel anaerobic assays run under either leachate recycle or leachate drainage regimes over a period of 400 days. A standardized synthetic refuse (paper, grass, food) was used in an experimental design which evaluated two elevated moisture contents and two added soils. All assays were conducted in vitro in 125 mL serum bottles. Four recycle/drainage events were completed during the 400 days of this experiment. Sufficient replicates (10 or 20) for each trial were included in the experimental design to permit destructive sampling of assay solids after each recycle/drainage event. Changes in the chemistry of solid, liquid, and gaseous phases were evaluated during the decomposition process. Analyses included major gases (CH4, CO2, O2, N2), selected chemical constituents of leachate (Cl-C5 carboxylic acids, total organic carbon, Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, iron, zinc, and chloride), leachate pH and conductivity, and selected solids analysis (gravimetric moisture content, volatile solids, total carbon, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). JF - Effect of leachate recirculation on landfill gas production and leachate quality; a controlled laboratory study AU - Bogner, J AU - Spokas, K Y1 - 1995/05// PY - 1995 DA - May 1995 SP - 77 VL - NREL/TP-430-7973 KW - landfills KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - production KW - carbon KW - leachate KW - geochemistry KW - sanitary landfills KW - soils KW - esters KW - experimental studies KW - chemical analysis KW - methane KW - acetates KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - correlation KW - alkanes KW - petroleum products KW - gases KW - organic compounds KW - biogenic processes KW - metals KW - hydrocarbons KW - anaerobic environment KW - waste disposal KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52775186?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Bogner%2C+J%3BSpokas%2C+K&rft.aulast=Bogner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Effect+of+leachate+recirculation+on+landfill+gas+production+and+leachate+quality%3B+a+controlled+laboratory+study&rft.title=Effect+of+leachate+recirculation+on+landfill+gas+production+and+leachate+quality%3B+a+controlled+laboratory+study&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from NTIS database, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Technical Information Service, (703)605-6000, order number DE95009215NEG, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - SuppNotes - Contract AC36-83CH10093 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Photocatalytic oxidation of gas-phase BTEX-contaminated waste streams AN - 52650279; 1998-003657 AB - Researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have been exploring heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) as a remediation technology for air streams contaminated with benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylenes (BTEX). This research is a continuation of work performed on chlorinated organics. The photocatalytic oxidation of BTEX has been studied in the aqueous phase, however, a study by Turchi et al. showed a more economical system would involve stripping organic contaminants from the aqueous phase and treating the resulting gas stream. Another recent study by Turchi et al. indicated that PCO is cost competitive with such remediation technologies as activated carbon adsorption and catalytic incineration for some types of contaminated air streams. In this work we have examined the photocatalytic oxidation of benzene using ozone (O (sub 3) ) as an additional oxidant. We varied the residence time in the PCO reactor, the initial concentration of the organic pollutant, and the initial ozone concentration in a single-pass reactor. Because aromatic hydrocarbons represent only a small fraction of the total hydrocarbons present in gasoline and other fuels, we also added octane to the reaction mixture to simulate the composition of air streams produced from soil-vapor-extraction or groundwater-stripping of sites contaminated with gasoline. JF - Photocatalytic oxidation of gas-phase BTEX-contaminated waste streams AU - Gratson, D A AU - Nimlos, M R AU - Wolfrum, E J Y1 - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DA - March 1995 SP - 11 VL - NREL/TP-473-7575 | CONF-950646-9 KW - soils KW - chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - aquifer vulnerability KW - leaking underground storage tanks KW - toluene KW - pollutants KW - oxidation KW - pollution KW - techniques KW - aqueous solutions KW - benzene KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - organic compounds KW - catalysis KW - hydrocarbons KW - halogenated hydrocarbons KW - xylene KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52650279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Gratson%2C+D+A%3BNimlos%2C+M+R%3BWolfrum%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Gratson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Photocatalytic+oxidation+of+gas-phase+BTEX-contaminated+waste+streams&rft.title=Photocatalytic+oxidation+of+gas-phase+BTEX-contaminated+waste+streams&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from NTIS database, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 1998-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Technical Information Service, (703)605-6000, order number DE95004058NEG, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - SuppNotes - Presented at the Air and Waste Management Association meeting, San Antonio, TX, June 18-23, 1995; Contract AC36-83CH10093 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Assessment of landfill reclamation and the effects of age on the combustion of recovered municipal solid waste AN - 52792282; 1997-002078 AB - This report summarized the Lancaster county Solid Waste Management Authorities's (LCSWMA) landfill reclamation activities, ongoing since 1991. All aspects have been analyzed from the manpower and equipment requirements at the landfill to the operational impacts felt at the LCSWMA Resource Recovery Facility (RRF) where the material is delivered for processing. Characteristics of the reclaimed refuse and soil recovered from trommeling operations are discussed as are results of air monitoring performed at the landfill excavation site and the RRF. The report also discusses the energy value of the reclaimed material and compares this value with those obtained for significantly older reclaimed waste streams. The effects of waste age on the air emissions and ash residue quality at the RRF are also provided. The report concludes by summarizing the project benefits and provides recommendations for other landfill reclamation operations and areas requiring further research. JF - Assessment of landfill reclamation and the effects of age on the combustion of recovered municipal solid waste AU - Forster, G A Y1 - 1995/01// PY - 1995 DA - January 1995 SP - 128 VL - NREL/TP-430-7449 KW - United States KW - soils KW - southeastern Pennsylvania KW - regulations KW - reclamation KW - landfills KW - pollution KW - combustion KW - urban environment KW - waste management KW - controls KW - chemical properties KW - waste disposal KW - Pennsylvania KW - solid waste KW - Lancaster County Pennsylvania KW - sanitary landfills KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52792282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Forster%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Forster&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Assessment+of+landfill+reclamation+and+the+effects+of+age+on+the+combustion+of+recovered+municipal+solid+waste&rft.title=Assessment+of+landfill+reclamation+and+the+effects+of+age+on+the+combustion+of+recovered+municipal+solid+waste&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from NTIS database, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Technical Information Service, (703)605-6000, order number DE95004002NEG, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - SuppNotes - Contract AC36-83CH10093 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gravity anomalies and crustal thickness at the Mesozoic Blake Spur fracture zone AN - 52387561; 2000-019484 JF - Terra Abstracts AU - Minshull, T A AU - Morris, E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 147 PB - Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford VL - 7, Suppl. 1 SN - 0954-4887, 0954-4887 KW - oceanic crust KW - geophysical surveys KW - density KW - geophysical methods KW - Blake Spur fracture zone KW - Mohorovicic discontinuity KW - Mesozoic KW - gravity methods KW - gravity anomalies KW - fracture zones KW - transition zones KW - thickness KW - surveys KW - North Atlantic KW - crust KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - mid-ocean ridges KW - 18:Solid-earth geophysics KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52387561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Terra+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Gravity+anomalies+and+crustal+thickness+at+the+Mesozoic+Blake+Spur+fracture+zone&rft.au=Minshull%2C+T+A%3BMorris%2C+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Minshull&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=7%2C+Suppl.+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Terra+Abstracts&rft.issn=09544887&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - European Union of Geosciences 8 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2000-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; Blake Spur fracture zone; crust; density; fracture zones; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; gravity anomalies; gravity methods; Mesozoic; mid-ocean ridges; Mohorovicic discontinuity; North Atlantic; oceanic crust; surveys; thickness; transition zones ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accelerated publication 17.1% efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se sub(2)-based thin-film solar cell AN - 1448719905; 18560120 AB - We report a world-record, total-area efficiency of 17.1% for a polycrystalline thin-film Cu(In,Ga)Se sub(2)-based photovoltaic solar cell. the incorporation of Ga to raise the absorber bandgap has been accomplished successfully and in such a manner that an open-circuit voltage of 654 mV and a fill factor of greater than 77% have been achieved. We describe briefly the deposition process, the device structure, and the device performance characteristics. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Tuttle, J R AU - Contreras, MA AU - Gillespie, T J AU - Ramanathan, K R AU - Tennant, AL AU - Keane, J AU - Gabor, A M AU - Noufi, R AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO, 80401, USA. Y1 - 1995 PY - 1995 DA - 1995 SP - 235 EP - 238 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Solar cells KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448719905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Accelerated+publication+17.1%25+efficient+Cu%28In%2CGa%29Se+sub%282%29-based+thin-film+solar+cell&rft.au=Tuttle%2C+J+R%3BContreras%2C+MA%3BGillespie%2C+T+J%3BRamanathan%2C+K+R%3BTennant%2C+AL%3BKeane%2C+J%3BGabor%2C+A+M%3BNoufi%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tuttle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.4670030404 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Solar cells DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.4670030404 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Overview of solar detoxification activities in the United States AN - 52770782; 1997-001794 AB - The U.S. Department of Energy, through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Sandia National Laboratories, has been investigating a process that uses solar energy to destroy hazardous wastes in air and water. The process, photocatalytic oxidation, uses ultraviolet light in conjunction with the semiconductor titanium dioxide to generate highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. Early research and development activities have demonstrated that photocatalysis may be cost effective for some applications. The Department of Energy is currently working to establish a commercial industry that uses solar energy to destroy hazardous wastes in air, water, and soil. To achieve this objective, NREL and Sandia are bringing together environmental firms, solar manufacturers, and organizations that have waste or remediation problems. JF - Overview of solar detoxification activities in the United States AU - Mehos, M AU - Williams, T AU - Turchi, C Y1 - 1994/10// PY - 1994 DA - October 1994 SP - 7 VL - NREL/TP-471-7262 KW - water KW - United States KW - soils KW - hazardous waste KW - toxic materials KW - degradation KW - pollution KW - research KW - solar energy KW - remediation KW - hydroxyl ion KW - titanium oxides KW - chemical reactions KW - decontamination KW - oxides KW - air KW - technical cooperation KW - review KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52770782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Mehos%2C+M%3BWilliams%2C+T%3BTurchi%2C+C&rft.aulast=Mehos&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Overview+of+solar+detoxification+activities+in+the+United+States&rft.title=Overview+of+solar+detoxification+activities+in+the+United+States&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from NTIS database, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 1997-01-01 N1 - Availability - National Technical Information Service, (703)605-6000, order number DE95000264NEG, Springfield, VA, United States N1 - SuppNotes - Contract AC36-83CH10093 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fostering public preparations for natural hazards; lessons from the Parkfield earthquake prediction AN - 50253094; 1994-028760 JF - Environment (St. Louis) AU - Mileti, Dennis S AU - Fitzpatrick, Colleen AU - Farhar, Barbara C Y1 - 1994/04// PY - 1994 DA - April 1994 SP - 16 EP - 20, 36-39 PB - Scientists' Institute for Public Information, 1969-?; Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation, St. Louis, MO VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0013-9157, 0013-9157 KW - United States KW - geologic hazards KW - public awareness KW - statistical analysis KW - magnitude KW - prediction KW - displacements KW - preventive measures KW - California KW - San Andreas Fault KW - earthquake prediction KW - Monterey County California KW - Coalinga earthquake 1983 KW - probability KW - Parkfield California KW - earthquakes KW - faults KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50253094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+%28St.+Louis%29&rft.atitle=Fostering+public+preparations+for+natural+hazards%3B+lessons+from+the+Parkfield+earthquake+prediction&rft.au=Mileti%2C+Dennis+S%3BFitzpatrick%2C+Colleen%3BFarhar%2C+Barbara+C&rft.aulast=Mileti&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.date=1994-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+%28St.+Louis%29&rft.issn=00139157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - PubXState - MO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 plates, 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - ENVTAR N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - California; Coalinga earthquake 1983; displacements; earthquake prediction; earthquakes; faults; geologic hazards; magnitude; Monterey County California; Parkfield California; prediction; preventive measures; probability; public awareness; San Andreas Fault; statistical analysis; United States ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Gender, Energy, and Environmental Policy: Perspectives from an International Workshop T2 - American Sociological Association AN - 61735188; 94S30354 AB - In Jan 1994, thirty experts from developing & developed countries convened near Dakar, Senegal, to discuss the topic: "Women & Global Energy: New Directions for Policy Research." Participants concluded that women may have a special role to play in the development of sustainable economies that incorporate efficiency & renewable energy technologies. "Green loan" types of economic development programs may be linked with energy & sustainable development concepts. Women borrowers pay back these types of loans very reliably. Linking these successful experiences with new energy & environmental policy & program approaches could be a productive avenue for development. Fostering analytical capabilities among the women in developing & developed countries within the context of a network offers the potential for them to adapt technological, policy, & institutional knowledge to their own unique cultural settings with high potential payoffs for their people & the environment. JF - American Sociological Association AU - Farhar, Barbara C Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 KW - sustainable development/renewable energy technologies, women's role KW - 1994 international conference, Dakar, Senegal KW - Senegal KW - Industrial Societies KW - Environmental Attitudes KW - Womens Roles KW - Developing Countries KW - Economic Development KW - Energy Policy KW - proceeding KW - 2983: feminist/gender studies; sociology of gender & gender relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61735188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=Gender%2C+Energy%2C+and+Environmental+Policy%3A+Perspectives+from+an+International+Workshop&rft.au=Farhar%2C+Barbara+C&rft.aulast=Farhar&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1994 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methane metabolism in raised bogs of northern wetlands AN - 50213788; 1994-046284 JF - Geomicrobiology Journal AU - Brown, D Ann AU - Overend, R P Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 35 EP - 48 PB - Crane, Russak & Co., New York, NY VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0149-0451, 0149-0451 KW - terrestrial environment KW - organic residues KW - biomass KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - Ottawa Ontario KW - sediments KW - paludal environment KW - chemical composition KW - bogs KW - organic materials KW - experimental studies KW - methane KW - metabolism KW - alkanes KW - Ontario KW - peat KW - organic compounds KW - mires KW - biogenic processes KW - Canada KW - wetlands KW - hydrocarbons KW - peat bogs KW - Eastern Canada KW - microorganisms KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50213788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomicrobiology+Journal&rft.atitle=Methane+metabolism+in+raised+bogs+of+northern+wetlands&rft.au=Brown%2C+D+Ann%3BOverend%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomicrobiology+Journal&rft.issn=01490451&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEJODG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; biogenic processes; biomass; bogs; Canada; chemical composition; Eastern Canada; experimental studies; hydrocarbons; metabolism; methane; microorganisms; mires; Ontario; organic compounds; organic materials; organic residues; Ottawa Ontario; paludal environment; peat; peat bogs; sediments; terrestrial environment; wetlands ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Stakeholder Analysis Methodologies T2 - American Sociological Association AN - 61721964; 93S26716 AB - Evidence suggests that policymakers are able to increase the efficiency & effectivenss of implementing policies & projects, & mitigate the adverse social impacts, when stakeholder interests are recognized in the early stages of the policy-making process. Here, two prototypes that can assist decisionmakers in understanding the stakeholders' interests are presented: an objective stakeholder analysis prototype, which is based on the premise that analysts are able to credibly identify the stakeholders' interests through objective data collection techniques, eg, content analysis of archival data & secondary analysis of data-sets developed for other projects; & a subjective stakeholder analysis prototype, which rests on the premise that the stakeholders' interests are best identified through direct input from the stakeholders. The steps comprising each prototype are discussed, & strengths & weaknesses of both considered. JF - American Sociological Association AU - Babiuch, William M AU - Farhar, Barbara C Y1 - 1993///0, PY - 1993 DA - 0, 1993 KW - policy/project implementation, objective/subjective stakeholder analysis prototypes KW - Program Implementation KW - Decision Making KW - Investment KW - Interest Groups KW - Policy Implementation KW - proceeding KW - 2462: policy, planning, forecasting; policy sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61721964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=American+Sociological+Association&rft.atitle=Stakeholder+Analysis+Methodologies&rft.au=Babiuch%2C+William+M%3BFarhar%2C+Barbara+C&rft.aulast=Babiuch&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Sociological+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-10 N1 - Publication note - 1993 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct mass spectrometric studies of the destruction of hazardous wastes. 2. Gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene over TiO2 products and mechanisms AN - 13697939; 199302724 AB - Experiments on the destruction of trichloroethylene (TCE) in wastewaters by gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation over titanium dioxide confirmed results of earlier work that high rates of destruction could be achieved. Direct-sampling mass spectrometry and gas-phase Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of significant amounts of by-products, namely phosgene, dichloroacetyl chloride, carbon monoxide, and molecular chlorine. The possible mechanisms involved are considered. The results are discussed in comparison with aqueous-phase photocatalytic oxidation of TCE where chlorinated intermediates had been observed. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Nimlos, M R AU - Jacoby, WA AU - Blake, D M AU - Milne, T A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colo. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 732 EP - 740 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Dichloroacetyl chloride KW - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy KW - Phosgene KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13697939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Direct+mass+spectrometric+studies+of+the+destruction+of+hazardous+wastes.+2.+Gas-phase+photocatalytic+oxidation+of+trichloroethylene+over+TiO2+products+and+mechanisms&rft.au=Nimlos%2C+M+R%3BJacoby%2C+WA%3BBlake%2C+D+M%3BMilne%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Nimlos&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=732&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Field test results for the solar photocatalytic detoxification of fuel-contaminated groundwater AN - 13680422; 199405075 AB - A prototype solar photocatalytic reactor system for oxidation of fuel-derived contaminants in the groundwater at the Tyndall Air Force Base near Panama City, Fla., is described and the results of technical and economic feasibility studies for the elimination of the aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) present in the groundwater are reported. The system utilized an array of 15 modules each incorporating sixty-six 0.25 in diameter UV-transparent plastic tubes, giving a total collection area of 2.0 m2, oriented towards the south and inclined at 15 degrees to the horizontal. The groundwater was dosed with 100 mg hydrogen peroxide per litre and commercial P25 titanium dioxide was suspended in the liquid at a concentration of 0.05 or 0.1 per cent by weight. The tests used the indigenous groundwater (pH 6) which was adjusted to a constant concentration equal to 2 mg BTEX per litre at the start of each run. Some tests using spiked city water were also carried out. Hydrogen peroxide caused an initial decrease in BTEX concentration, which was followed by further reductions due to the photocatalytic oxidation but the catalyst activity rapidly declined, the surface of the titanium dioxide becoming coated with a layer of BTEX material. As a result fresh catalyst was required for each run and the cost of the catalyst became the overriding factor determining the economies of the process. Estimates for a scaled-up treatment plant (10,000 U.S. gpd) were prepared but the costs did not justify further investment in the absence of some form of pretreatment to permit catalyst recycling. JF - Chemical Oxidation: Technologies for the Nineties. Proceedings Third International Symposium, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., U.S.A., Volume 3 AU - Turchi, C S AU - Klausner, J F AU - Goswami, D Y AU - Marchand, E Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 9 EP - 224 KW - Reduction KW - Suspended KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13680422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Turchi%2C+C+S%3BKlausner%2C+J+F%3BGoswami%2C+D+Y%3BMarchand%2C+E&rft.aulast=Turchi&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Field+test+results+for+the+solar+photocatalytic+detoxification+of+fuel-contaminated+groundwater&rft.title=Field+test+results+for+the+solar+photocatalytic+detoxification+of+fuel-contaminated+groundwater&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Application. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Solar photocatalytic detoxification of groundwater: developments in reactor design AN - 13680101; 199405277 AB - The commercial application of semiconductor catalysed UV irradiation treatments for the destruction of organic contaminants was hampered by the high purchase and operating costs of the mercury lamps employed as sources of UV light. To counteract this, tests were carried out with solar collector systems with different reflector configurations (flat plate versus parabolic reflectors) and with a titanium dioxide catalyst either as a slurry or in a supported film arrangement. The trials were carried out in the laboratory or at the field experiment station at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Details of the test procedures are given and the findings presented. Slurry systems performed better than catalyst deposited on a wire mesh and flat-plate reflectors performed better than parabolic trough reflectors. The flat-plate reflectors used in conjunction with a 1 m deep reactor proved to be independent of the catalyst loading in the range 0.1 to 1.0 g per litre. The flat-plate system exhibited a rate of trichloroethylene destruction equal to 2-3 times that of the trough reactor, consistent with the 2.1 times higher intensity of illumination in the flat-plate reaction system. Further field experiments with an outdoor flat-plate design of solar collector and reactor are proposed. JF - Chemical Oxidation: Technologies for the Nineties. Proceedings Second International Symposium, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., Volume 2 AU - Turchi, C S AU - Mehos Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 14 EP - 314 KW - Flat plate KW - Light KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13680101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Turchi%2C+C+S%3BMehos&rft.aulast=Turchi&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Solar+photocatalytic+detoxification+of+groundwater%3A+developments+in+reactor+design&rft.title=Solar+photocatalytic+detoxification+of+groundwater%3A+developments+in+reactor+design&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Two-Dimensional Unsteady Aerodynamic Processes in Low Frequency Shedding under Rotational Augmentation AN - 744611466; 12635295 AB - Anomalously low Strouhal shedding frequencies previously were observed on rotating wind turbine blades under conditions of rotational augmentation. To explain this phenomenon, pertinent blade surface pressure data previously acquired from the NREL UAE Phase VI HAWT were analyzed. Time varying surface pressure data for a fixed radial location were analyzed to track chordwise movement of vorticity concentrations above the blade surface, and to ascertain the influence of these vorticity concentrations on sectional aerodynamic force production. Analyses revealed that shedding periods, and thus frequencies, were strongly governed by the chordwise extent and speed of vorticity travel. This and subsequent research will help understand fatigue loads that prematurely exhaust turbine component service life, and will improve the accuracy and reliability of aerodynamic predictions for wind energy machine design and analysis. JF - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1801 Alexander Bell Dr., Suite 500 Reston VA 20191-4344 USA. [np]. AU - Schreck, S J PB - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1801 Alexander Bell Dr., Suite 500 Reston VA 20191-4344 USA, [URL:http://www.aiaa.org] KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - AIAA 2009-1222 KW - Travel KW - fatigue KW - Turbines KW - Wind energy KW - Aerodynamics KW - service life KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744611466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Sustainability+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Schreck%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Schreck&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Two-Dimensional+Unsteady+Aerodynamic+Processes+in+Low+Frequency+Shedding+under+Rotational+Augmentation&rft.title=Two-Dimensional+Unsteady+Aerodynamic+Processes+in+Low+Frequency+Shedding+under+Rotational+Augmentation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Rapid identification and quantification of soil organic carbon forms using pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry AN - 19347705; 7087172 AB - A critical need exists to better understand both the amount of soil organic matter (SOM) as a result of land use and management practices and its chemical (and structural/molecular) composition. Rapid quantitative analysis of soil carbon and SOM is required for assessing and monitoring managed agricultural and forest soils to establish carbon sequestration baselines, uptake, and retention. This need is not currently being met in carbon sequestration studies and instrumentation and methodologies must be developed so that SOM inventories can be measured and quantitated in the terrestrial biosphere. We are using analytical pyrolysis coupled with molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) and multivariate statistical analysis to rapidly analyze (5-minutes) and quantify SOM in well-characterized agricultural soils (from eleven Midwestern states) provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Soils Laboratory in Lincoln, NE. Multivariate statistical analysis of the mass spectral and characterization data demonstrate that carbon contained in the particulate organic matter (POM), mineral (Cmin), and microbial biomass (SMBC) soil fractions can be measured as a metric expressed as mg-g fraction/g soil. Figure 1 shows principal component analysis of mass spectra from the 0-5 cm depth increment of prairie soils under varied management practice. We have used this technique to assess impacts on SOM accumulation in agricultural soils under the USDA's Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) management and unambiguously show that eighteen-year old CRP soils have not yet reached native SOM or total carbon content. Additional work with forest soils subjected to periodic disturbance shows that soil chemistry, depths, and location can easily be distinguished based on mass spectral signatures. We are using these results to develop data based models to predict soil carbon content in SMBC, POM, and Cmin soil fractions that can then be used in assessing carbon sequestration pathways and progress. JF - GREENHOUSE GASES & CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY. AU - Magrini, KA PB - Kansas State University KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Organic carbon KW - Statistical analysis KW - USA, Midwest KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Forests KW - Biosphere KW - Carbon sequestration KW - carbon sinks KW - Forestry KW - soil chemistry KW - Organic matter KW - Fractions KW - Biomass KW - Spectrometry KW - Pyrolysis KW - USA KW - Conservation KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Accumulation KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1110:Atmosphere UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19347705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Sustainability+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Magrini%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Magrini&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Rapid+identification+and+quantification+of+soil+organic+carbon+forms+using+pyrolysis+molecular+beam+mass+spectrometry&rft.title=Rapid+identification+and+quantification+of+soil+organic+carbon+forms+using+pyrolysis+molecular+beam+mass+spectrometry&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of an Analytical Optical Evlauation Tool for Line-Focus Concentrating Solar Collectors T2 - 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2013) AN - 1504725826; 6268490 JF - 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2013) AU - Zhu, Guangdong KW - Solar collectors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1504725826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2013+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2013%29&rft.atitle=Development+of+an+Analytical+Optical+Evlauation+Tool+for+Line-Focus+Concentrating+Solar+Collectors&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Guangdong&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Guangdong&rft.date=&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2013+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2013%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2013//pdfs/FinalProgram.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-28 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-07 ER -