TY - RPRT AN - 00960501 AU - Resendes, R AU - MARTIN, K H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAVING LIVES THROUGH ADVANCED SAFETY TECHNOLOGY: INTELLIGENT VEHICLE INITIATIVE 2002 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 2003/05/15 SP - 25 p. AB - This annual report provides an overview of the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative's (IVI's) progress and accomplishments during 2002. Progress and accomplishments are listed under the following table of contents headings: Safety of In-Vehicle Information Systems; Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI) Naturalistic Driving Study; Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership; Driver Distraction and Workload Studies; Technology to Improve Driver Performance in Degraded Driving Conditions; Driver Condition Monitoring; Vision Enhancement; Vehicle Stability; Crash-Avoidance Technology; Light Vehicle Collision Warning Systems; Transit Vehicle Collision Warning Systems; Commercial and Specialty Vehicle Collision Warning Systems; Long-Term Research: Intersection Collision Avoidance Technology. KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Distraction KW - Drivers KW - Driving KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent vehicles KW - Intersections KW - Light vehicles KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Special purpose vehicles KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Technology KW - Vehicles KW - Vision KW - Warning systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/23000/23500/23572/13821.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659979 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962903 AU - Sarasua, W A AU - Clarke, D B AU - Davis, W J AU - Clemson University AU - South Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF INTERSTATE HIGHWAY CAPACITY IN SHORT-TERM WORK ZONES PY - 2003/05/15 SP - 50 p. AB - The South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) initiated a research study to quantitatively examine the development and implementation of a methodology for use in determining an updated lane closure policy within work zones along the interstate highway system. Specific emphasis of the study focused on determining the number of vehicles per lane per hour that can pass through short-term, interstate work zone lane closures, with minimum or acceptable levels of delay. The research tasks included a literature review and survey of states; instrumentation and field data collection; and data analysis and methodology development. A software tool based on the methodology was also developed. This report documents the work conducted on this project. KW - Data collection KW - Highway capacity KW - Instrumentation KW - Interstate highways KW - Lane closure KW - Literature reviews KW - Policy KW - Software KW - States KW - Surveys KW - Traffic delays KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660930 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459047 TI - Security and Emergency Response 2003 Survey of State Transportation Agencies AB - This project is a follow-up to the TRB/AASHTO November 2001 Security and Emergency Response Survey of State Transportation Agencies. KW - Emergency response time KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - National security KW - Research projects KW - Security KW - State departments of transportation KW - Surveys UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=644 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227259 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960419 AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OREGON STATEWIDE TRANSIT TRIP PLANNING EVALUATION PLAN PY - 2003/05/09 SP - n.p. AB - The Oregon Statewide Transit Trip Planning Project is funded in part by the FY2001 Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Integration Program, a program designed to accelerate the integration and interoperability of ITS solutions in metropolitan and rural areas. Oregon's Trip Planner was one of several projects selected for national evaluation. According to the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT), "nearly one third of all Oregonians - primarily the elderly, people with disabilities, and lower income families - have trouble getting around." A lack of information about available public transportation services is one barrier to both the effective use of those services and the mobility of Oregon's citizens. ODOT summarizes the purpose of the Trip Planner project as follows: "The Trip Planner is intended to make public transportation of all kinds easier to use by increasing the availability, quality, and amount of information about these services, and improving the ability of travelers to plan a trip, especially using multiple transportation providers." This document presents an evaluation of Release 1.0 of the Trip Planner. In 2002, ODOT released a request for proposals for the design and deployment of Release 1.0. This Evaluation Plan addresses only the design and development of Release 1.0. Release 1.0 will offer various map and text-based tools for directing transit users to the most appropriate services to meet their travel needs. The system will be accessible through the Oregon TripCheck traveler information Website (www.tripcheck.com), and serve as a single source of current transit information for the more than 200 public transportation service providers in Oregon. Release 1.0 is referred to as a "zone-to-zone" trip planner that will allow users to select an origin area (or "zone") and a destination zone. The trip planner application will identify the connecting public transportation service providers that can meet a user's trip needs. This document is organized as follows: Section 1. Introduction. Section 2. Background. This section provides additional background about the context into which the project is being implemented including an overview of the existing transportation service providers, existing information systems and supporting programs. Section 3. Trip Planner Project Description. This section describes the Trip Planner project in terms of functional requirements, technical scope, expected benefits, project management, stakeholders, and deployment schedule. Section 4. Evaluation Approach. This section presents the evaluation activities to be performed as part of the System Impact Study and the Institutional Challenges Review for the Trip Planner project. Section 5. Risk Assessment. This section presents an assessment of the risks that may affect the meaningfulness and timeliness of the evaluation results. Section 6. Evaluation Management Plan. This section provides an overview of the Evaluation Team's organization, the level of effort, deliverables and schedule. Following Section 6 are two appendices. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Design KW - Development KW - Evaluation KW - Information dissemination KW - Information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems programs KW - Maps KW - Oregon KW - Oregon TripCheck KW - Origin and destination KW - Public transit KW - Software KW - Transit riders KW - Trip Planner KW - Trip planning KW - Websites (Information retrieval) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/29000/29200/29248/13835.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661694 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459150 TI - Conversion of Medora GWEN to Nationwide Differential Global Positional System (NDGPS) AB - This project will address the conversion of the Medora, ND GWEN site as an ITS infrastructure component to aid in future deployment of ITS. Because of the rural nature of North Dakota, the major ITS components that will rely on NDGPS are vehicle assist technology, fleet management, incident management, and traveler information. KW - Fleet management KW - Global Positioning System KW - Incident management KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Research projects KW - Technological innovations KW - Traveler information and communication systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227362 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01463157 TI - Extending the Season for Concrete Construction and Repair AB - The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, CRREL, proposes to develop, demonstrate, and document a cost-effective technology to permit the reliable and durable emplacement of unheated concrete in subfreezing temperatures. The objective is to provide clearly defined procedures that allow a transportation agency to specify antifreeze-protected concrete with confidence and minimum cost penalty. The procedures will include formulations that use admixtures obtainable from usual commercial sources. KW - Antifreeze KW - Cold weather construction KW - Concrete construction KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Durability KW - Research projects KW - Seasons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231382 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459163 TI - Research Development Needs in Highway Construction Engineering AB - No summary provided. KW - Construction engineering KW - Development KW - Highways KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227375 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459162 TI - Testing of Large & Small Sign Supports AB - The objective of this project is to provide a means for studying the overall performance of sign supports to better understand how they perform. It will also provide a relatively simple method for participating states to get a limited number of sign supports qualified for federal aid. KW - Federal aid KW - Performance evaluations KW - Research projects KW - Sign supports KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227374 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459161 TI - Expert Systems for Highway Applications AB - The objectives of this project are to: 1) survey current expert systems activities; 2) review state level needs and application areas; and 3) select and develop a candidate expert system. KW - Expert systems KW - Highway departments KW - Research projects KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989184 AU - Vandervalk-Ostrander, A AU - Margiotta, R AU - Meunier, J AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SMALL COMMUNITIES BENEFITS: INNOVATIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN SMALL COMMUNITIES. PERFORMANCE MEASURES FOR SMALL COMMUNITIES PY - 2003/05/01 SP - 60 p. AB - As transportation planning and operating agencies strive to improve their efficiency and effectiveness, they have increasingly turned to performance measures to provide credible, quantitative information to support their analysis and decision-making. Measurement of transportation system condition and performance has become a more explicitly acknowledged component not only of the planning process, but also in programming, budgeting, and system operation. Measures help agencies provide accountability to the public, stay focused on intended results, improve communication with internal and external customers, and improve service. Previously published case studies of performance measurement applications have tended to focus on the activities of larger metropolitan planning organizations and state departments of transportation. This report, in contrast, identifies roadway operations performance measures, as well as the component techniques such as data collection and analysis, performance reporting, and decision-support, that are most suitable for implementation in small communities. A summary of key findings describes the state-of-practice in small communities while a recommendation section outlines strategies for small communities related to the implementation of roadway operations performance measures programs. An appendix contains a performance measures database with nearly 200 entries. KW - Communities KW - Data collection KW - Decision support systems KW - Highway operations KW - Measurement KW - Performance KW - Recommendations KW - Reports KW - Small towns KW - State of the practice KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/754969 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510742 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Bridge of Lions over the Matanzas River, St. Augustine and St. Johns counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/05//Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295066 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 01443108 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Sullivan, J J TI - Walls of fame [designing aesthetically pleasing noise barriers] PY - 2003/05 VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - 10-7 KW - Aesthetics KW - Aesthetics KW - Concrete KW - Concrete KW - Design KW - Design KW - Environment KW - Environment KW - Freeway KW - Freeways KW - Noise barrier KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise control KW - Public opinion KW - Public opinion KW - Public participation KW - Public participation KW - Usa UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03may/03.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1210916 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01388735 AU - Staplin, L AU - Lococo, K H AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center TI - Model driver screening and evaluation program: volume 3: guidelines for motor vehicle administrators PY - 2003/05 IS - FHWA-HRT-809-581 SP - 79p AB - These Guidelines present an update of report number DOT HS 807 853 published in August 1992. They reflect current understanding of the relationship between functional capabilities and driving impairment gained through review of existing medical review programs, and the experience of jurisdictions in implementing pilot screening and evaluation activities. The results of the Maryland Pilot Older Driver Study are relied upon most extensively in the identification of procedures that can be recommended as most valid and feasible for implementation by jurisdictional (State and Provincial) driver licensing agencies. Practical, technical, and administrative issues associated with the development and implementation of a screening program for the detection of functionally impaired drivers are addressed in these guidelines. A summary of the research syntheses and empirical findings that support these guidelines may be found in Volumes 1 and 2 of the Final Technical Report for NHTSA contract number DTNH22-96-C-05140, "Model Driver Screening and Evaluation Program." Additional supporting documentation is provided in the Safe Mobility for Older People Notebook, report number DOT HS 808 853, published in April 1999. KW - Accident proneness KW - Accident proneness KW - Aged driver KW - Aged drivers KW - Driver licenses KW - Driver licensing KW - Driver performance KW - Driver performance KW - Driver testing and licensing KW - Driving tests KW - Fitness to drive KW - Health KW - Health KW - Highway safety KW - Impaired drivers KW - Mobility KW - Mobility KW - Policy KW - Policy KW - Road safety KW - Road safety (human factors) KW - Usa UR - http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/olddrive/modeldriver/vol3scr.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1156501 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01388734 AU - Staplin, L AU - Lococo, K H AU - Gish, K W AU - Decina, L E AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center TI - Model driver screening and evaluation program final technical report: volume 2: Maryland pilot older driver study PY - 2003/05 IS - FHWA-HRT-809-581 SP - 133p AB - This research project studied the feasibility as well as the scientific validity and utility of performing functional capacity screening with older drivers. A Model Program was described encompassing procedures to detect functionally impaired drivers who pose an elevated risk to themselves and others; to support remediation of functional limitations if possible; to provide mobility counseling to inform and connect individuals with local alternative transportation options; and to educate the public and professionals about the link between functional decline and driving safety. A database of scores on functional ability measures, driving habits information, and crash and violation history was created for over 2,500 drivers in three samples drawn from license renewal, medical referral, and residential community populations. Cost estimates for functional capacity screening and related Model Program activities were developed for research and production settings. A 477-page Safe Mobility for Older People Notebook (DOT HS 808 853) was developed to support program initiatives promoting the safe mobility of older persons across all States and Provinces, including an Annotated Research Compendium of Driver Assessment Techniques for Age- Related Functional Impairments. A set of guidelines for motor vehicle administrators was also produced to update the 1992 publication by NHTSA and AAMVA of the same title. KW - Accident proneness KW - Accident proneness KW - Aged driver KW - Aged drivers KW - Data collection KW - Data collection KW - Driver licenses KW - Driver licensing KW - Driver performance KW - Driver performance KW - Driver testing and licensing KW - Driving tests KW - Fitness to drive KW - Health KW - Health KW - Highway safety KW - Impaired drivers KW - Maryland, USA KW - Mobility KW - Mobility KW - Road safety KW - Road safety (human factors) UR - http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/olddrive/modeldriver/vol2scr.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1156500 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01388733 AU - Staplin, L AU - Lococo, K H AU - Gish, K W AU - Decina, L E AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center TI - Model driver screening and evaluation program final technical report: volume 1: project summary and model program recommendations PY - 2003/05 IS - FHWA-HRT-809-582 SP - 48p AB - This research project studied the feasibility as well as the scientific validity and utility of performing functional capacity screening with older drivers. A Model Program was described encompassing procedures to detect functionally impaired drivers who pose an elevated risk to themselves and others; to support remediation of functional limitations if possible; to provide mobility counseling to inform and connect individuals with local alternative transportation options; and to educate the public and professionals about the link between functional decline and driving safety. A database of scores on functional ability measures, driving habits information, and crash and violation history was created for over 2,500 drivers in three samples drawn from license renewal, medical referral, and residential community populations. Cost estimates for functional capacity screening and related Model Program activities were developed for research and production settings. A 477-page Safe Mobility for Older People Notebook (DOT HS 808 853) was developed to support program initiatives promoting the safe mobility of older persons across all States and Provinces, including an Annotated Research Compendium of Driver Assessment Techniques for Age- Related Functional Impairments. A set of guidelines for motor vehicle administrators was also produced to update the 1992 publication by NHTSA and AAMVA of the same title. KW - Accident proneness KW - Accident proneness KW - Aged driver KW - Aged drivers KW - Data collection KW - Data collection KW - Driver licenses KW - Driver licensing KW - Driver performance KW - Driver performance KW - Driver testing and licensing KW - Driving tests KW - Fitness to drive KW - Health KW - Health KW - Highway safety KW - Impaired drivers KW - Mobility KW - Mobility KW - Road safety KW - Road safety (human factors) KW - Usa UR - http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/olddrive/modeldriver/vol1scr.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1156499 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01108746 AU - Hawkins, Neil M AU - Fuentes, Juan B AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Structural Condition Assessment and Service Load Performance of Deteriorated Pretensioned Deck Beam Bridges PY - 2003/05//Project Report SP - 437p AB - Three 30-year old deteriorated pretensioned deck beams were removed from an existing bridge in Illinois and re-assembled in the laboratory into a bridge sub-assemblage. Non-destructive and destructive tests and evaluation of three beams were made in three phases: (1) detailed visual condition assessments of the as-delivered beams; (2) the service load performance under truck type loadings of a bridge sub-assemblage constructed with the three beams; and (3) the strength and ductility of the individual beams in tests to failure. Detailed descriptions are provided of the results of each study, of deterioration assessments made by two independent contractors, of coupon tests on prestressing steel and concrete samples taken from the beams, and of the chloride profiles measured through the soffit and sides of the samples taken from the beams. Theoretical aspects of the response of deck beam bridges, including the modeling of the response of the sub-assemblage were studied. A method based on the beam on elastic foundation theory was developed to replicate the effects of changing the stiffness of the longitudinal joint between beams. Using that procedure bending moments in individual beams along and across the width of a bridge, inter girder shear forces, and beam deflections were calculated and deflections compare with those measured experimentally on the sub-assemblage. With that method appropriate load distribution factors for deteriorated existing deck beam bridges can be calculated. The condition of the transverse tie rod was found to be critical to service load performance. Cracking of the longitudinal joint had little effect on the stiffness of a bridge provided the transverse tie rod was snug. However, loss of snugness with time or corrosion increased substantially the potential for overloading a deteriorated beam. KW - Beams KW - Bridge decks KW - Chlorides KW - Condition surveys KW - Corrosion protection KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Deterioration KW - Load tests KW - Pretensioning KW - Visual bridge inspection UR - http://www.ict.uiuc.edu/Publications/report%20files/TES-124.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/868235 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074939 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Greensboro-High Point Road (SR 1486-SR 4121) improvements, Guilford County : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/05//Volumes held: Draft, F, Fapp KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834333 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074836 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Woodhaven Road project, Philadelphia, Bucks and Montgomery Counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/05//Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834230 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074702 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Milan Beltway Extension (FAU 5822) Airport Road to Blackhawk Road/John Deere Expressway Rock Island County : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/05//Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074528 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Vancouver Rail project, City of Vancouver, Clark County : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/05//Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833922 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01045472 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CMAQ: Advancing Mobility and Air Quality PY - 2003/05 SP - 31p AB - While the primary goal of the Congestion Mitigation Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) program is to clean the air, may of the efforts supported by CMAQ contribute directly to the Nation's mobility goals. Projects that improve air quality through better traffic flow, enhanced transit services, provision of other modes of travel, or more choices for shippers also provide substantial benefits to the transportation system. Such improvements are often overlooked as the congestion piece of the CMAQ program is viewed as a goal secondary to air quality. This report provides some examples of mobility enhancements attributed to CMAQ. KW - Air quality KW - Benefits KW - Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program KW - Freight transportation KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway travel KW - Mobility KW - Mode choice KW - Public transit KW - Shippers KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Transportation modes KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/air_quality/cmaq/research/advancing_mobility/index.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/805452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00988088 AU - Western Transportation Institute AU - Montana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Idaho Transportation Department AU - Wyoming Department of Transportation AU - Department of the Interior TI - GREATER YELLOWSTONE RURAL ITS PROJECT WORK ORDER II-2E: GIS TETON COUNTY LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE MODELS FOR APPLICATION IN RURAL SETTINGS: LITERATURE REVIEW PY - 2003/05 SP - 32 p. AB - There are several interconnected reasons why rural sprawl - a pattern of rural residential settlement characterized principally by low densities and scattered development - and transportation infrastructure is one of the most pressing concerns facing the rural countryside. The central concerns for the purposes of this review are to understand the connections between the influence of rural travel patterns and land use change in the rural countryside. The general outline of this review is to provide background on the issue of sprawl and its causes and consequences, modeling for land use change and modeling transportation infrastructure development. Impacts resulting from sprawl include a range of social and economic costs to rural resident populations as well as the loss of open landscapes and farmland; and ecological disturbance of sensitive lands. The format of the review is to: a) provide background on recent population growth in the Rocky Mountain West, b) discuss topics of concern stemming from the impacts of population growth and transportation in high growth rural areas, c) review the major relevant models of land use change and transportation with special emphasis on two emergent softwares that seem particularly applicable to rural settings: Land Use/Land Cover Change Prediction System and Community Viz, and d) provide some topics of further research and directions for modeling land use and transportation in a rural settings. KW - Ecology KW - Economic impacts KW - Externalities KW - Geographic information systems KW - Greater Yellowstone Rural ITS project KW - Infrastructure KW - Land use KW - Land use models KW - Literature reviews KW - Population growth KW - Rocky Mountain States KW - Rural areas KW - Rural sprawl KW - Software KW - Travel patterns UR - http://www.wti.montana.edu/ForceDownloadHandler.ashx?name=427972_WOII-2E_GIS.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753731 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00979996 AU - Smith, E B AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SUMMARY OF THE NCHRP REPORT 350 CRASH TEST RESULTS FOR THE NARROW CONNECTICUT IMPACT ATTENUATION SYSTEM PY - 2003/05 SP - 78 p. AB - This report on the Narrow Connecticut Impact Attenuation System (NCIAS) is another in a series of test reports that document NCHRP Report 350 compliance of various Connecticut-designed and -developed impact attenuation systems. The report summarizes the results of six full-scale crash tests performed on the NCIAS. All tests were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of NCHRP Report 350 for Test Level 3 devices. NCHRP Report 350 specifies eight tests for redirective, non-gating devices. Three of the eight tests were not conducted on the NCIAS because they are similar to three tests conducted under the NCHRP Report 230 requirements, which the NCIAS passed. The five remaining tests were performed. One test was repeated after one of the cylinders was strengthened. The NCIAS passed all requirements for 4 out of the 5 test designations. It did not pass the requirements for the reverse hit test; therefore, it is required that the installation of the NCIAS not be at locations where it may be struck from the reverse direction. The Federal Highway Administration has approved the use of the NCIAS on the National Highway System at locations where reverse-direction impacts are unlikely. KW - Compliance KW - Crash cushions KW - Cylinders (Geometry) KW - Impact tests KW - NCHRP Report 350 KW - Steel UR - http://docs.trb.org/00979996.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740773 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970605 AU - Rauch, A F AU - Katz, L E AU - Liljestrand, H M AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANISMS AND EFFICACY OF THREE LIQUID CHEMICAL SOIL STABILIZERS: VOLUME 1 PY - 2003/05 SP - 204 p. AB - Liquid chemical products are marketed by a number of companies for stabilizing pavement base and subgrade soils. If effective, these products could be used as alternatives for treating sulfate-rich soils, which are susceptible to excessive heaving when treated with traditional, calcium-based stabilizers like lime, cement, and fly ash. However, the chemical composition, stabilizing mechanisms, and performance of these liquid products are not well understood. The primary objective of this study was to investigate and identify the mechanisms by which clay soils are modified or altered by these liquid chemical agents. Three representative, commercial products were selected for study: an ionic product, an enzyme product, and a polymer product. The chemical composition of each was characterized using standard chemical test methods. The three products were then reacted with three reference clays (kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite) and several native Texas soils. In the "micro-characterization" study, the mechanisms of soil modification at the particle level were studied using physical-chemical analyses of untreated and treated soil samples. Very high product application rates were used so that possible soil modifications could be observed. In a paired "macro-characterization" study, standard geotechnical laboratory tests were performed on untreated and treated compacted soil specimens. The products were mixed at the suppliers' recommended application rates and at ten times the recommended application rates. These tests failed to show significant, consistent changes in the engineering properties of the test soils following treatment with the three selected products at the application rates used. The findings of this study clearly point to the need to conduct standard laboratory tests, prior to specifying the use of these products in field applications, to prove the effectiveness of the treatment on a particular soil type at a given chemical application rate. KW - Application rates KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Chemicals KW - Clay soils KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Illites KW - Kaolinite KW - Laboratory tests KW - Liquid chemical stabilizers KW - Montmorillonite KW - Physical chemistry KW - Soil stabilization KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Sulfate-rich soils UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1993_1_volume1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970444 AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE FREIGHTLINER INTELLIGENT VEHICLE INITIATIVE FIELD OPERATIONAL TEST PY - 2003/05 SP - v.p. AB - The intent of the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI), sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), is to improve the safety and efficiency of motor vehicle operations significantly by reducing the probability of motor vehicle crashes. These safety improvements could also show secondary benefits such as increased transportation mobility, productivity, or other operational improvements. In 1999, USDOT entered into cooperative agreements with four partnerships to conduct Generation 0 Field Operational Tests (FOTs) of advanced intelligent vehicle safety systems (IVSS). These systems, which were expected to begin production preparations before the end of fiscal year 2003, were designed for use in commercial trucks and specialty vehicles (e.g., snowplows and emergency vehicles). An important activity of the IVI program is to evaluate the benefits and costs of IVSS as they are deployed in the FOTs and learn about factors that influence the future deployment and commercialization of IVSS. Thus, the USDOT contracted with Battelle to perform an independent evaluation for each of the four IVI FOTs. This report presents the evaluation results from one of the commercial truck FOTs, namely the Freightliner IVI FOT. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Field tests KW - Highway safety KW - Intelligent Vehicle Initiative KW - Intelligent vehicles KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13871.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/698484 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969935 AU - Bahia, H U AU - Kanitpong, K AU - University of Wisconsin, Madison AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE EXTENT OF HMA MOISTURE DAMAGE IN WISCONSIN AS IT RELATES TO PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE PY - 2003/05 SP - 83 p. AB - The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between the performance of asphalt pavements in the field and the Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) values measured in the laboratory on the original asphalt mixtures used in constructing the pavements. In addition, the study included evaluating the effects of anti-stripping additives on field performance and their impact on the cost of the production and construction of the pavements. To assess the moisture damage problem in the field, a total of 21 existing Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) pavement sections that were built to meet the specification, prior to 1992, when the requirement of the TSR parameter was adopted, were selected to cover a wide range of locations and aggregate sources. The TSR data and the Pavement Distress Index (PDI) for these projects were collected from the TSR database and the WisDOT Pavement Management Database, respectively. Analysis of these data indicated that there is no relationship between TSR and the field pavement performance as measured by the PDI reported in 2001. In addition, there was no relationship between the TSR and specific pavement distresses that are known to be related to the moisture damage (surface raveling and rutting). To evaluate the effect of using anti-stripping additive, a database study and a laboratory study were conducted. Results from the database showed that there is an effect of using anti-stripping additives on the pavement performance (as measured by PDI) and also an effect on the specific pavement distresses that are related to the moisture damage (surface raveling and rutting). In the laboratory, the anti-stripping additives were mixed with an asphalt binder, and the changes in binder properties were evaluated. Anti-stripping additives were not found to change the rheological properties of asphalt binders, nor to improve the rutting and fatigue related properties of asphalt binder as measured by the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). However, they were found to increase the adhesion of asphalt binder to selected mineral surfaces, especially when the binder bond is exposed to water. The cost estimation of the pavement with anti-stripping additives is found very similar to the cost of the pavement without anti-stripping additives when taking into consideration the cost of maintenance every 5-6 years of the pavement service life. The recommendations from this study include considering either improvement of the TSR test or replacing the TSR procedure with other easier, less costly procedures. The improvement of the TSR testing protocol is needed to control the excessive variability that occurs during the standard procedure. Such improvements could lead to better quantifiable test and better correlation to the field pavement performance. It is further recommended that for a better assessment of causes and consequences of moisture damage of asphalt mixtures, the role of asphalt binder and aggregate should be studied separately by using adhesion and cohesion testing. KW - Adhesion KW - Antistrip additives KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Bituminous binders KW - Costs KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Field strength KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Laboratory tests KW - Moisture damage KW - Pavement distress KW - Pavement performance KW - Rheological properties KW - Rutting KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Tensile strength KW - Wisconsin UR - http://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/6861/03%2007.pdf UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/01-03hmamoisturedamage-f1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969934 AU - Bahia, H U AU - Stakston, A AU - University of Wisconsin, Madison AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE EFFECT OF FINE AGGREGATE ANGULARITY, ASPHALT CONTENT AND PERFORMANCE GRADED ASPHALTS ON HOT MIX ASPHALT PERFORMANCE PY - 2003/05 SP - 155 p. AB - The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) has implemented the Superpave recommendations in the 2000 Supplemental Specifications. This research was directed towards better understanding of the influence of angularity of fine aggregates, asphalt content, and performance grade of asphalts on hot mix asphalt (HMA) performance. Aggregates from four sources across the state of Wisconsin were used in this study. Each source provided two blends that vary in gradation: (1) a fine blend and (2) an S-shaped blend. Testing was accomplished using the Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) and a device that fits inside of the SGC known as the gyratory load plate assembly (GLPA). Mixture densification and performance indices were calculated based on the data obtained from both the SGC and GLPA. Two indices reported data relating to the construction compaction phase of the gyratory compaction (initial stage) and two indices related to the traffic densification stage (later stage). Volumetric properties were also reported. The results of this study do not support the assumption that higher values of Fine Aggregate Angularity (FAA) would always result in better performing mixtures. The findings show the effect of FAA to be highly dependent on the source of the aggregates and their gradation. For certain blends of aggregates the laboratory compaction data show adverse effect of angularity on mixture resistance to shearing. It is therefore difficult to suggest a limit on FAA independent of the source or gradation that would improve quality of asphalt mixtures. The results of this study confirm earlier findings that varying the asphalt content has an important influence on critical properties of HMA mixtures, which include volumetric and frictional resistance of mixtures. The effect is found to be highly dependent on the source of the aggregate. The effect of asphalt content is found to be more important during the initial stages of compaction compared to the final stages for the majority of the blends tested in this study. The results indicate that the new parameters selected, compaction energy index (CEI) and traffic densification index (TEI), are sensitive to asphalt content and follow the known trend of changes. Because of this sensitivity, they show the potential of complementing the volumetric properties in selecting a mixture design that would result in good performance. The results of this study indicate that varying the performance grade of the asphalt has an important influence on certain critical properties of HMA mixtures. The effect is found to be highly dependent on the source of the aggregate. The effect of the performance grade is found to be more important during the final stages compared to the initial stages of compaction for the majority of the blends tested in this study. Because of the lack of trends between FAA values and the indices measured in this study, it is recommended that actual testing of the mixture with the selected asphalt be conducted and that the selection be based on the results of CEI, TEI, and volumetrics. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Aggregate sources KW - Angularity KW - Asphalt content KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Compaction KW - Densification KW - Fine aggregates KW - Gyratory testing machines KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Performance KW - Superpave KW - Volumetric analysis UR - http://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/6859/03%2004.pdf UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/45-98fineaggregateangularity-f1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681109 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969432 AU - Courage, K AU - WILLIS, M AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF TRAFFIC OPERATIONS SOFTWARE TOOLS PY - 2003/05 SP - 46 p. AB - The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) has led the way in developing and maintaining an integrated set of signal optimization and analysis tools. The new Windows computing environment has created a need to revisit these tools. The objectives of this report were to provide the FDOT with improved preprocessor, postprocessor and communications support for traffic engineering and planning software to replace the existing MS-DOS versions with new versions compatible with the Windows environment. The product of this research is a set of productivity enhancement tools that provide a high degree of connectivity between existing and future design, optimization and analysis models used by FDOT in planning, project development and engineering, roadway design, traffic operations and intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The tools are integrated into a single software product referred to as the "Arterial Analysis Package" (AAP) version 2K. This report describes the operation of the AAP. It provides full instructions for installation, setup and operation of the program. It is essentially the user's guide for the program. KW - Analysis KW - Arterial highways KW - Computer program documentation KW - Design KW - Development KW - Florida KW - Highway traffic KW - Operations KW - Optimization KW - Planning KW - Software KW - State departments of transportation KW - Traffic KW - Traffic engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680342 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969772 AU - Lewin, I AU - Box, P AU - Stark, R E AU - Lighting Sciences, Incorporated AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROADWAY LIGHTING: AN INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF THREE DIFFERENT LIGHT SOURCES PY - 2003/05 SP - 137 p. AB - Nighttime visibility has been shown to be influenced by the lamp type used for roadway lighting, because the lamp's spectral output can influence sensors in the retina that are active at night. This report investigates the nature of these spectral effects and provides an in-depth review of available knowledge. It also addresses lighting levels and their relationship to driver safety. Three candidate lamp types have been analyzed in terms of technical characteristics and associated costs. This involves factors such as the efficacy with which the sources produce light, lamp life, and maintenance characteristics. Ideal lighting designs have been performed using the three sources for identical road sections, and initial and operating costs have been calculated, to assist in contrasting the difference between the sources. Two research plans have been developed for further investigations. One is a major project of field experimentation to determine relationships between visibility, safety, lighting level and lamp type under practical driving conditions. The other is based on using roadway sections lighted by the three sources respectively for the collection of accident data. KW - Costs KW - Future KW - Highway safety KW - Lamps KW - Maintenance KW - Night visibility KW - Operating costs KW - Research KW - Service life KW - Street lighting UR - http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/statepubs/id/1235/rec/1 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24600/24606/AZ522.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969775 AU - Sabers, D P AU - Pluta, J J AU - Mancini, M AU - DMJM Harris AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LIGHT USE STUDY FOR VERTICAL CHANNELIZATION DEVICES PY - 2003/05 SP - 88 p. AB - Although the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) does not require the use of warning lights on channelization devices, the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) has historically required their use on all traffic control devices used at nighttime construction zones. This report documents research done for ADOT on the use of steady-burn warning lights on vertical panels in roadway construction zones. Specific tasks included a review of the requirements and policies of the departments of transportation of other states regarding the use of flashing warning lights on traffic control devices, a review of ADOT's construction zone requirements, a search for relevant research, reviews of construction zone accident reports and incident logs, and interviews with ADOT field construction staff regarding the past performance of the Ultra Panels (Type III sheeting) with and without steady-burn warning lights. The literature search found sources that support this requirement and other sources that state it is unnecessary. Two of the thirty-four transportation agencies that responded to the survey reported that they had requirements for steady-burn lights similar to Arizona requirements: the Alberta (Canada) Ministry of Transportation and the Illinois Department of Transportation (for roadways with traffic levels over 2,500 vehicles per day). The Ultra Panel, a type of vertical panel, has been successfully used without warning lights on three highway construction projects in Arizona. ADOT field construction staff associated with these projects strongly supported the use of these vertical panels without warning lights. A review of accident records and incident reports did not reveal any significant deficiencies associated with the vertical panels used without warning lights. KW - Arizona KW - Crash records KW - Flashing lights KW - Lighting KW - Literature reviews KW - Night KW - State departments of transportation KW - Surveys KW - Traffic channelization KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic incidents KW - Vertical panels KW - Warning lights KW - Work zone traffic control UR - http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/statepubs/id/1249/rec/2 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24600/24607/AZ554.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00968574 AU - Zwahlen, H T AU - Russ, A AU - Badurdeen, F AU - Vatan, S AU - Ohio University, Athens AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF ODOT ROADWAY/WEATHER SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR SNOW AND ICE REMOVAL OPERATIONS. PART II: RWIS PAVEMENT SENSOR BENCH TEST PY - 2003/05 SP - 93 p. AB - Road Weather Information System (RWIS) pavement sensors from three vendors were evaluated under controlled conditions in a climate chamber. The chamber had a maximum cooling rate of about 5.6 deg C in the first 15 minutes (about 5.8 deg C in the first hour) and could cool from a room temperature of about 22 deg C to a minimum temperature of approximately -17 deg C in about 15 hours. One vendor supplied an active (cooling/heating cycle) sensor with an active-passive sensor as a combined system, and the other two supplied passive sensors. Each sensor was installed in a concrete block cut from a bridge deck and positioned in a large climate-controlled chamber. The sensors were tested for accuracy and precision of temperature, freezing point determination, chemical percentage or index, surface status, and liquid depth, where appropriate. Testing parameters included salt type (pure water; 7%, 13%, and 19% NaCl in water; 17% and 30% CaCl2 in water; and two mixtures of the two salts in solution), and liquid depth (0.5 mm, 1.5 mm, 3 mm, 6 mm). The temperature in the chamber was reduced until the liquid froze or a minimum temperature below -15 deg C was attained. Independent temperature probes were placed on and near the block for comparison to sensor readings. Results obtained for the three sensors varied considerably. The surface status (wet/dry) reported by Vendor C's sensor was accurate at the beginning of each run 100% of the time, but accurate only 81% of the time at the end of the run. For Vendor A the corresponding accuracy rates were 97% and 92%. Vendor B's more detailed scheme was accurate only 19% of the time at the beginning of each run and 47% at the end. The surface temperature reported by each passive or active-passive sensor during cooling of the climate chamber was found to lag behind that measured by the independent probes placed in the liquid and on the surface of the block. The average maximum lag in temperature and the average time at which it was observed for each vendor were: Vendor A: 5.6 deg C at 150 minutes, Vendor B: 4.0 deg C at 157 minutes, and Vendor C: 7.0 deg C at 128 minutes. Vendor A's active sensor freezing point values varied considerably from expected values, and also changed during runs. The chemical percentage reported by Vendor B's passive sensor showed an appropriate variation with NaCl concentration, though at higher concentrations the initial reported concentration was low; this bias was also reflected in the freezing point values computed by the system. Percentages were less accurate with CaCl2 or NaCl-CaCl2 mixtures, for which the system was not calibrated. Vendor C's chemical index did not appear to correlate with salt concentration at all. Because of these results, none of these sensors in their present state is recommended for use at the present time. Any future sensor deployment should be contingent on the ability of the chosen sensor to perform those functions considered necessary by the Ohio Department of Transportation. KW - Accuracy KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Freezing point KW - Laboratory tests KW - Precision KW - Road weather information systems KW - Salts KW - Sensors KW - Temperature measurement KW - Wet dry cycles UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A52905459 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679611 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964798 AU - Lee, K T AU - Bullock, D AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAFFIC SIGNALS IN SCHOOL ZONES PY - 2003/05 SP - 97 p. AB - Traffic signals are used to control the right of way at intersections. Strict engineering guidelines are published in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) that engineers use to determine if a traffic signal is "warranted". The warrants provide consistent national balance between mobility, safety, efficiency, and costs. However, signalized intersections are often viewed by the general public as safer than unsignalized intersections. This belief is often heightened when there are personal injuries and even higher when children are involved. Parents, city officials, and local interest groups often vigorously request the installation of a traffic signal. After these requests are received, an engineering study is performed, and a traffic signal is often determined to be not warranted. It is the traffic engineer's responsibility to explain to the public why a signal is not needed. These results are not the desired response and in turn the public becomes more diligent for their cause and the cycle continues. This cycle of request and denial for a traffic signal is often seen at intersections adjacent to schools. This report examines signal installations at minimally warranted intersections between 1991 and 1999. Before and after accident data were analyzed at each of these intersections showing a difference in annualized crash rates for accident type and severity. The data suggest that for intersections not meeting warrants defined by the MUTCD, traffic signals should not be installed. KW - Before and after studies KW - Crash data KW - Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices KW - School zones KW - Traffic signals KW - Warrants (Traffic control devices) UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1683&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661530 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962817 AU - Barker, A V AU - Cox, D A AU - Ebdon, J S AU - Bryson, G M AU - Hamlin, R L AU - University of Massachusetts, Amherst AU - Massachusetts Highway Department AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEICING SALTS, SALT-TOLERANT VEGETATION AND CALCIUM SULFATE PY - 2003/05 SP - 130 p. AB - A study of deicing salts, salt-tolerant vegetation, and calcium sulfate was undertaken as part of the Massachusetts Highway Department Research Program. The objectives of this research were (1) to conduct a literature search to characterize chemical processes and subsequent damage to vegetation from airborne and soil-borne deicing salts, (2) to characterize roadside conditions in Massachusetts by assessment of damage to trees, shrubs, and grasses along highways, (3) to conduct a survey of cold-region highway departments for methods and specifications of mitigating salt damage along highways, (4) to prepare specifications and methodology for ameliorative practices and recommendations for evaluation of salt-tolerant plants. The research process began in January 2000 with research continuing in the spring, summer, and fall of 2000. The literature search and survey of highway departments showed that sodium chloride (NaCl) is the most common deicing agent used. In Massachusetts, an average of 240 lb of NaCl is used per lane mile in multiple applications per year, an amount that is common with other agencies (280 lb per lane mile). The total amount of NaCl used in Massachusetts is about 290,000 tons per year. Highway departments reported that salt damage occurred commonly to roadside vegetation within about 50 ft of the pavement. Dieback, defoliation, and abnormal branching were identified in the literature and in the survey as symptoms of salt injury to roadside plants. Aerial spray was a major means of transmission of salts to plants. Evergreen, coniferous trees were reported to suffer more damage than deciduous trees and damage was on the side of trees facing the road. Analysis for sodium (Na) indicated that the evergreen trees accumulated more foliar Na than deciduous trees and that the accumulation diminished with distance from the highway. Na concentration in soil also diminished with distance from the highway. It was not determined whether airborne delivery or soil-borne delivery of salt was the more ruinous process. The review of literature identified salt-tolerant grasses and woody ornamentals for roadside planting. Nurseries in New England were surveyed for the availability of the woody plant materials, and a list of available plants by nursery was prepared along with a list of vendors for grasses. Experiments were designed to test ameliorative practices and salt-tolerant plants along medians and at intersections of highways as considerations for future research. The survey suggested that ameliorative practices were not used commonly by other agencies in cold regions and hence were untested. Highway departments in cold-weather regions generally do not monitor salt damage to vegetation and have not evaluated practices to ameliorate damage. Vegetation differs considerably in tolerance to salt, but much plant materials have not been tested in roadside conditions. Future research could address landscape design in planting patterns and use of salt-tolerant plants and, in severely affected areas, the use of ameliorating agents to lessen salt damage to roadside plants. KW - Calcium sulfates KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Frigid regions KW - Future KW - Grasses KW - Landscape design KW - Literature reviews KW - Research KW - Roadside flora KW - Salt damage KW - Salt tolerant plants KW - Shrubs KW - Sodium chloride KW - Surveys KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Trees KW - Vegetation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660859 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962812 AU - Chen, G AU - Barker, M AU - Dharani, L R AU - Ramsay, C AU - University of Missouri, Columbia AU - University of Missouri, Rolla AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SIGNAL MAST ARM FATIGUE FAILURE INVESTIGATION PY - 2003/05 SP - 69 p. AB - The Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) has discovered and documented failures in several cantilever mast arms in recent years. The failures were primarily by fatigue at the weld of the arm to the base plate attached to the mast. With over 6000 mast arms in service in Missouri, the failures raised concerns with the existing mast arm inventory and future mast arm design. This report presents findings from an effort to determine the cause of unexpected cracking in Missouri mast arms. Three causes of premature failure were investigated: the stress ranges experienced at the weld detail were higher than anticipated, the number of cycles experienced at the weld detail were larger than anticipated, and/or the weld quality was less than expected. The results show that the main culprit for the premature fatigue failure of mast arms in Missouri can be attributed to poor weld quality. The new "fatigue-resistant" weld detail, without quality welding techniques, does not improve the situation. The loads and cycles of loads experienced by the mast arms are not necessarily critical if the weld is of high quality. Recommendations for possible solutions for existing in-service mast arms and for new mast arms are presented. The recommendations range from insuring weld quality to dampers on the mast arms. KW - Cracking KW - Failure analysis KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Loads KW - Missouri KW - Quality of work KW - Recommendations KW - Repeated loads KW - Signal mast arms KW - Signal supports KW - Welding UR - http://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/Ri97019/RDT03010.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56000/56075/RDT03010.PDF UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962166 AU - Stuefen, R AU - Card, M AU - Kaufman, C AU - University of South Dakota, Vermillion AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SDDOT ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT 2002. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 2003/05 SP - 22 p. AB - This report offers an organizational health assessment of the South Dakota Department of Transportation (SDDOT) in 2002. The assessment and its findings must be evaluated in terms of where the organization wants to be in fulfilling its mission to its employees and to the people of the State of South Dakota. Four objectives provided a solid foundation directing the activities and tasks undertaken to complete this study. They were: to measure the SDDOT's employees' perceptions and level of satisfaction regarding organizational health; to identify the SDDOT's organizational strengths and weaknesses; to evaluate progress in making desired changes in the SDDOT's organizational culture, through comparison of the current assessment with the baseline measurements of the first assessment; and, finally, to refine a survey instrument that can be used to periodically assess the SDDOT's organizational health. KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Organizational health KW - South Dakota Department of Transportation KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962167 AU - Stuefen, R AU - Card, M AU - Kaufman, C AU - University of South Dakota, Vermillion AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SDDOT ORGANIZATIONAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT 2002 PY - 2003/05 SP - 176 p. AB - This report offers an organizational health assessment for the South Dakota Department of Transportation (SDDOT) in 2002. The assessment and its findings must be evaluated in terms of where the organization wants to be in fulfilling its mission to its employees and to the people of the State of South Dakota. Four objectives provided a solid foundation directing the activities and tasks undertaken to complete this study. They were: to measure the SDDOT's employees' perceptions and level of satisfaction regarding organizational health; to identify the SDDOT's organizational strengths and weaknesses; to evaluate progress in making desired changes in the SDDOT's organizational culture, through comparison of the current assessment with the baseline measurements of the first assessment; and, finally, to refine a survey instrument that can be used to periodically assess the SDDOT's organizational health. KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Organizational health KW - South Dakota Department of Transportation KW - State departments of transportation UR - http://www.sddot.com/business/research/projects/docs/SD2002_06.Final_Report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660588 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962123 AU - Hearn, G AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR RETAINING WALLS AND SOUND BARRIERS PY - 2003/05 SP - 106 p. AB - Management systems for retaining walls and sound barriers are feasible and can be modeled on existing systems for bridge management. A new management system requires the creation of data and procedures specific to walls and barriers, such as: an inventory record, elements and components, condition states, inspection practices, maintenance actions, and asset valuation. In this study, proposals for data and procedures in each of these are examined. No impediment is found to full development of standard data and procedures for walls and sound barriers. Moreover, wall/barrier management can be implemented within existing software for bridge management such as AASHTOWare's Pontis management system. This final report contains a proposed inventory record for walls and barriers, elements for walls and barriers, the use of components for hidden elements of walls, condition states, and appraisals, together with initial recommendations on inspection practice and intervals. Tasks for full development of wall and barrier management are presented. Tasks are sequential and provide first for collection of basic inventory data, continuing to element-level data, and then to inspections and condition data. After this, procedures for automated evaluation of wall performance, and automated planning of maintenance, repair and replacement actions can be developed. KW - Asset management KW - Automation KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Inspection KW - Inventory KW - Maintenance KW - Management systems KW - Noise barriers KW - Planning KW - Recommendations KW - Retaining walls KW - Task analysis UR - http://www.dot.state.co.us/publications/PDFFiles/retainingwallmgt.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660567 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00961961 AU - Pisano, P AU - Goodwin, L C AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BEST PRACTICES FOR ROAD WEATHER MANAGEMENT, VERSION 2.0 PY - 2003/05 SP - 120 p. AB - Weather threatens surface transportation nationwide and impacts roadway safety, mobility, and productivity. Weather affects roadway safety through increased crash risk, as well as exposure to weather-related hazards. Weather impacts roadway mobility by increasing travel time delay, reducing traffic volumes and speeds, increasing speed variance (i.e., a measure of speed uniformity), and decreasing roadway capacity (i.e., maximum rate at which vehicles can travel). Weather events influence productivity by disrupting access to road networks, and increasing road operating and maintenance costs. There is a perception that transportation managers can do little about weather. However, three types of road weather management strategies may be employed in response to environmental threats: advisory, control, and treatment Strategies. Advisory strategies provide information on prevailing and predicted conditions to both transportation managers and motorists. Control strategies alter the state of roadway devices to permit or restrict traffic flow and regulate roadway capacity. Treatment strategies supply resources to roadways to minimize or eliminate weather impacts. Many treatment strategies involve coordination of traffic, maintenance, and emergency management agencies. These mitigation strategies are employed in response to various weather threats including fog, high winds, snow, rain, ice, flooding, tornadoes, hurricanes, and avalanches. This report contains 30 case studies of systems in 21 states that improve roadway operations under inclement weather conditions. Each case study has six sections including a general description of the system, system components, operational procedures, resulting transportation outcomes, implementation issues, as well as contact information and references. Appendix A presents an overview of environmental sensor technologies. Appendix B is an acronym list. Appendix C contains online resources, including 39 statewide road condition web sites. In Appendix D hundreds of road weather publication titles, abstracts and sources are tabulated. KW - Avalanches KW - Best practices KW - Case studies KW - Control KW - Floods KW - Fog KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway safety KW - Hurricanes KW - Ice KW - Impacts KW - Maintenance KW - Mobility KW - Operating costs KW - Productivity KW - Rain KW - Road weather information systems KW - Snow KW - Snow and ice control KW - Strategic planning KW - Tornadoes KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic flow KW - Travel time KW - Treatment strategies KW - Wind UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13828.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660506 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962119 AU - Douglas, K D AU - Park, S-B AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SELECTION CRITERIA FOR USING NIGHTTIME CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS PY - 2003/05 SP - 134 p. AB - Like other state departments of transportation, the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) has emphasized preservation of existing highways and bridges. Thus, ODOT has done construction and maintenance work at night in order to minimize the disruption of daytime traffic. However, nighttime operations produce a new set of concerns such as safety, public relations, productivity, and quality. Decision-making for using nighttime operations in Oregon has been subjective and has relied on judgment without the benefit of analytical data and evaluation criteria. Therefore, a decision model that facilitates the determination of when to use nighttime road construction and maintenance work was developed. From the literature review, 19 factors affecting decision-making were identified and used to create a survey. The investigators surveyed ODOT personnel, ODOT's contractors, and the representative personnel from other departments of transportation. After analyses of various perspectives, the overall result was fairly consistent with the results from the individual respondent groups. The results provided the ability to eliminate unimportant factors, determine weights of important factors, and build a decision model to improve the effectiveness of decision-making. The decision model was tested by applying it to actual ODOT projects and comparing its recommendations on when to conduct the projects with actual decision makers' decisions. The overall testing results were consistent with current decision makers' subjective decisions because of the impact of congestion within the decision model. The decision model in this study provides a practical and useful tool to help decision makers in real work environments analyze when to use nighttime work. The model will be useful for making decisions consistently and provides a means to explain the decision to the stakeholders. KW - Construction and maintenance KW - Decision making KW - Decision model KW - Literature reviews KW - Night KW - Oregon KW - Productivity KW - Quality of work KW - State departments of transportation KW - Surveys KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic safety UR - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/SelCritNighttimeCon.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660563 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962097 AU - Rose, D AU - SWEROAD AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BEST PRACTICES IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT PY - 2003/05 SP - 173 p. AB - The Arizona Department of Transportation's (ADOT's) ability to manage a cost-effective construction program delivery and be accountable to policy-makers and customers regarding the cost and timeliness of highway projects is at risk. The following is ADOT's current situation: There is little consistency in project management; ADOT is not actively managing and controlling budget and scope; The organization does not hold itself and managers accountable for scope, budget, and quality; ADOT's process, tools, and procedures do not enable the most effective use of human and other resources; and There will be continued impacts to ADOT's organizational capacity and health. The following are the desired outcomes from improving ADOT's project management process: (a) ADOT will be able to manage construction program delivery against scope, schedule, budget, and quality objectives on a department-wide basis at the program and project levels; (b) ADOT will hold itself accountable for delivering the program vs. scope, schedule, budget, and quality objectives; (c) The strategic importance of project management will be emphasized by ADOT management; (d) ADOT will increase its project focus to establish a project management culture; (e) The importance and role of project managers and the project management discipline will be elevated; (f) A consistent process at the project level will be established. In this way, more discipline and predictability will be brought to the process. This will strengthen ADOT's ability to manage overall program delivery; and (g) Scopes will be set and budgets managed at the project level. The role and authority of project managers will be strengthened to accomplish these objectives. The decision-making will be proactive, recognizing that in project delivery scope, schedule, and budget decisions impact each other. KW - Accountability KW - Arizona Department of Transportation KW - Best practices KW - Budgeting KW - Construction scheduling KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Decision making KW - Project management KW - Strategic planning UR - http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/statepubs/id/1230/rec/1 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660556 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962099 AU - Skszek, S L AU - Skszek (Sherry L) AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COORDINATION OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE DATA COLLECTED BY AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC COUNTER (ATC) AND WEIGH-IN-MOTION (WIM) PY - 2003/05 SP - 90 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to examine the current state of commercial vehicle data handling in an effort to identify ways in which the Arizona Department of Transportation's (ADOT's) practices can be improved. This is done through a threefold approach that includes a literature review, survey of other states' practices, and an ADOT needs assessment. The literature review shows an absence of a best practices consensus relative to coordination of commercial vehicle data. Obstacles to developing an effective program appear to be lack of funding, data quality, timeliness of delivery, and incompatible data formats. Success is contingent on inter- and intra-agency cooperation among data collection units. A survey of state practices showed data collection is typically centralized in one or two departments. Data collection is part of a permanent program using permanent data collection sites supplemented by portable equipment. No apparent method of operation led to an "effective" or "very effective" self-rating. Commercial vehicle data are primarily used to meet federal reporting requirements with limited use for size and weight enforcement. The needs assessment showed the lack of commercial vehicle data for effective size and weight enforcement as the area where the current system falls short of user needs. This is due in part to the lack of coordination and communication between data collection units. Additionally, a large percentage of traffic count and classification equipment is in need of repair or replacement. Weigh-in-motion equipment is absent on critical interstate highways and truck bypass routes. KW - Arizona KW - Automatic data collection systems KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Data collection KW - Data sharing KW - Information processing KW - Law enforcement KW - Literature reviews KW - Needs assessment KW - Size KW - State of the practice KW - States KW - Surveys KW - Traffic counts KW - Vehicle classification KW - Weigh in motion KW - Weight UR - http://apps.azdot.gov/ADOTLibrary/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ526.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660558 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00961939 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DATA FUSION FOR DELIVERING ADVANCED TRAVELER INFORMATION SERVICES PY - 2003/05 SP - 164 p. AB - Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) is one of several Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) technologies that offers users integrated traveler information before and during travel, thereby providing a wider range of choices about how, when, and where to travel based on individual interests and needs. One of the major reasons ATIS services has garnered public and professional interest is the concern created by the continuing disparity between the growth in surface transportation travel demand and the relatively minor addition of travel capacity. This combination has resulted in increased regional roadway congestion, greater uncertainty in travel time estimates, and higher real or perceived costs in safety and productivity. Increasing transportation capacity by building roads and other related infrastructure is not a feasible solution in many urban areas due to the high costs as well as environmental and associated societal concerns. Alternative solutions are necessary. To be effective, ATIS systems must work with a broad set of source data and information, combine and qualify the information to yield better traveler information, and disseminate the information when needed by travelers. One component of this complex process is data fusion. The purpose of ATIS data fusion is to combine data (in the broadest sense of the term) to estimate or predict the state of some aspect of the surface transportation world. These estimates may include statements about current or future vehicular speeds, mean speeds, vehicular classifications and volumes on selected roadway segments, environmental information, transit system performance, and similar topics of interest to travelers. The overall effectiveness of data fusion needs to be evaluated in a systems context, taking into consideration the overarching system mission and purpose, architectures, data processing capabilities, data validation and verification, human-system interface, and institutional arrangements. A study was completed, examining these issues, the findings of which can be found in this report. The process of the study was threefold. First, a literature review was conducted of the ATIS and data fusion fields to examine current practices. The review also included an examination of relevant field case studies and discussions with selected ATIS practitioners to determine the extent and direction of their data fusion interests and applications. Second, an appropriate ATIS data fusion model was developed, along with guidelines to enable a multitude of source data to be fused to create ATIS products and services. The model describes ATIS data fusion using five distinct levels of functional activities. Third, appropriate metrics were identified that describe quantitatively and qualitatively how data quality can be verified, modeled, and processed so that traveler information products can be considered more reliable and useful. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Costs KW - Data fusion KW - Data fusion model KW - Environment KW - Environmental protection KW - Estimating KW - Forecasting KW - Ground transportation KW - Human system interface KW - Information dissemination KW - Information processing KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Measurement KW - Performance KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Speed KW - System architecture KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic volume KW - Transportation safety KW - Travel demand KW - Travel time KW - Urban areas KW - Validation KW - Vehicle classification UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/29000/29200/29250/13837.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13837.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00961943 AU - Jung, S H AU - Larkin, J AU - Shah, V AU - Toppen, A AU - Vasudevan, M AU - Wunderlich, K AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ON-TIME RELIABILITY IMPACTS OF ATIS, VOLUME III: IMPLICATIONS FOR ATIS INVESTMENT STRATEGIES PY - 2003/05 SP - 105 p. AB - The effect of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) accuracy and extent of ATIS roadway instrumentation on the on-time reliability benefits to routine users of ATIS are evaluated through the application of Heuristic On-line Web-linked Arrival Time Estimation (HOWLATE) methodology. The HOWLATE methodology employs archived estimates of roadway travel times to recreate hypothetical, retrospective paired driving trials between travelers with and without ATIS. Previous research using this technique demonstrated that travelers who receive notification of current congestion prior to departure can realize substantial time management benefits from improved on-time reliability and trip predictability, and that these savings can be converted to a dollar-valued benefit. In this report, the authors expand the repertoire of applications of HOWLATE to investigate the impacts of ATIS accuracy and geographic coverage levels on the value of ATIS service, and how to best conduct ATIS evaluations using small data sets. They then examine the implications of these findings on the development of cost-effective ATIS deployment strategies. Based on 12-month case studies in the cities of Washington DC, Minneapolis/St. Paul, and Los Angeles they predict that the net benefit from ATIS use across all potential trips in each network is positive only if the error in ATIS reporting is below the range of 10% to 21%. For ATIS services with worse accuracy, only certain subsets of the driving populations such as those with relatively long or highly variable trips may realize any benefit. Further, they observed that near-optimal geographical deployments of ATIS can garner as much as 50% to 80% of benefits from as little as the first 30% of deployment. Yet, identifying the near-optimal is not as simple as ATIS implementation on links with highest variability. In making effective tradeoff decisions about how to invest in improved ATIS, be it increasing geographic coverage or increasing accuracy, the findings of this report underscore the importance of understanding what levels of accuracy are required to generate ATIS user benefit based on regional day-to-day roadway variability. KW - Accuracy KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Benefits KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Deployment KW - Driving KW - Geography KW - Highway travel KW - HOWLATE KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Investments KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Minneapolis (Minnesota) KW - On time performance KW - On time reliability KW - Saint Paul (Minnesota) KW - Simulation KW - Traffic congestion KW - Travel time KW - Trip length KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13859_files/13859.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660491 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960507 AU - Werner, A AU - Wilson, G AU - New York Metropolitan Transportation Council AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - New York State Department of Transportation TI - 2000 HUB BOUND TRAVEL REPORT: TRANSPORTATION TO THE MANHATTAN CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT PY - 2003/05 SP - 78 p. AB - The first travel survey of the Manhattan central business district (CBD) was conducted and published in 1924. The report refers to the Manhattan CBD as the Hub. Geographically, the Hub consists of Manhattan Island's lower portion, from 60th Street in the north to Battery Park in the south. At 8.5 square miles, the land area itself is less than 0.1% of the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council region's total land area and home to about 3.5% of the region's residents. The Hub also has one of the highest concentrations of business activity in the nation, hosting about 21% of the region's jobs. This report provides data and analyses on the numerous transportation services and facilities serving the Hub of the region. The report also details total travel by mode, time of day, facility, and by sector. The report examines travel to and from the Hub by modes of public transportation, private motor vehicle, or bicycle. The public transit options include the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA)-New York City Transit subway and bus lines; the Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) subway; MTS-Long Island Rail Road (LIRR); MTA-Metro North Railroad; New Jersey Transit; Amtrak; privately-owned bus carriers; ferries (both the Staten Island ferry and privately-owned operations); and the Roosevelt Island Tramway. Private vehicle travel includes the use of automobiles, taxis, vans, trucks and bicycles. Most of the data were collected on a business day in October, 2000. The data presented in the report details entry to, and exit from the Hub at specific facilities for each hour of the business day. KW - Amtrak KW - Automobiles KW - Bicycles KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Ferries KW - Long Island Rail Road KW - Manhattan (New York, New York) KW - New Jersey KW - New York Metropolitan Area KW - New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority KW - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - Subways KW - Taxicabs KW - Travel surveys KW - Trucks KW - Vans UR - http://www.nymtc.org/files/hub_bound/hb2000report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659985 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960052 AU - Green, E R AU - Agent, K R AU - Barrett, M L AU - Pigman, J G AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROADWAY LIGHTING AND DRIVER SAFETY PY - 2003/05 SP - 120 p. AB - The objectives of this project were to: a) analyze the safety benefits associated with roadway lighting; b) determine the design of the lighting installation necessary to provide an adequate level of lighting; c) investigate how lighting affects the driver and the roadway's surrounding environment; d) review the economic correlation between effective lighting and cost savings for the State; e) provide input for updating the current section on street and highway lighting in the Traffic Guidance Manual; and f) analyze crash data to identify nighttime high crash locations. The procedure involved a literature search, a survey of states, crash data analysis, and collection of illumination data. The survey of states found that most states used information from either "An Information Guide for Roadway Lighting" by AASHTO or "American Standard Practice for Roadway Lighting" (ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00) as a basis for their warrants and design of highway lighting. A procedure was developed to identify spots or sections that have a critical number or rate of nighttime crashes. An interactive nighttime critical rate analysis program was developed. Crashes at spots and intersections having a high number or rate of nighttime crashes were reviewed. A large number of the locations identified as having a high nighttime crash rate are rural locations where the nighttime crashes can be addressed with improved delineation (pavement markings and signage). The illumination data show that the AASHTO guidelines can be met with a limited number of properly located luminaires. For example, one luminaire placed across from the single approach at a T-intersection or two luminaires on diagonal quadrants of a "cross-intersection" (adjacent to the side street stop approach) were found to meet the guidelines if properly located. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crash data KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - High risk locations KW - Highway safety KW - Literature reviews KW - Location KW - Luminaires KW - Luminous intensity KW - Nighttime crashes KW - Rural areas KW - States KW - Street lighting KW - Surveys UR - http://www.ktc.uky.edu/files/2012/06/KTC_03_12_SPR_247_02_1F.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/23000/23700/23780/KTC_03_12_SPR_247_02_1F.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659832 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00943494 AU - Dupont, B AU - Palle, S AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESSMENT AND MODELING OF STREAM MITIGATION PROCEDURES PY - 2003/05 SP - 111 p. AB - As population increases, so does the need to improve and augment the road network. Construction of new roadways or modification of existing roads often requires diversion or modification of streams. If a stream is disturbed, government regulations require mitigation or compensatory replacement of the affected area in a similar environment. Stream mitigation is of particular importance in Kentucky, as Kentucky ranks second in the United States for having the most miles of waterways. Consequently, stream mitigation has become a significant factor in roadway construction costs. To date, no studies have been made to assess the execution of the mitigation plans or to determine the performance of mitigation projects. In a move to rectify this situation, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet requested this study. KW - Environmental policy KW - Kentucky KW - Regulations KW - Road construction KW - Stream mitigation KW - Streams UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643581 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00943495 AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE SYSTEMS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, OCTOBER 27-30, 2002, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON PY - 2003/05 SP - 212p AB - This report documents the proceedings from the 11th International High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Systems Conference held in Seattle, Washington on October 27-30, 2002. These proceedings summarize the presentations from the general sessions and the breakout sessions. The breakout sessions were organized around the three topic areas of HOV facilities, bus rapid transit (BRT), and managed lanes. The theme of the conference was "HOV Facilities - Evolution or Revolution?" The sessions were developed to help participants share, compare, and contemplate the role and promise of what HOV, BRT, and managed lanes hold for current and future travelers. Speakers discussed recent experiences with a variety of projects, policy efforts in different areas, and potential future directions. U1 - 11th International Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle SystemsTransportation Research Board HOV Systems Committee; Sound Transit; Washington State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration.Seattle, Washington StartDate:20021027 EndDate:20021030 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board HOV Systems Committee; Sound Transit; Washington State Department of Transportation; and Federal Highway Administration. KW - Bus rapid transit KW - Conferences KW - Future KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Managed lanes KW - Transportation policy UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13810.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/645966 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00943493 AU - Udd, E AU - Kunzler, M AU - Blue Road Research AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF FIBER OPTIC SENSORS PY - 2003/05 SP - 59 p. AB - This study investigated the feasibility of using fiber optic sensors to capture traffic data. Funding from the study was used to develop a prototype sensor using fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) technology. The sensor was tested on a high volume portland cement concrete highway and found to be feasible for use in monitoring light and heavy traffic. Signals from the sensor were processed with a demodulator system, and captured on a computer. For testing purposes, the signal was converted to a scaled analog voltage signal and successfully output to a conventional traffic classifier recorder. The sensors have the potential for long-lasting, cost-effective solutions in vehicle classification applications. With modification, the FBG strain sensor shows potential for use in weigh-in-motion applications. The system is sensitive enough to detect adjacent lane traffic, opening possibilities of shoulder area monitoring for less traffic disruption and increased safety. With two sensors, the system can capture speeds as well as weights of both sides of a vehicle. Future development of dedicated demodulator/interfacing electronic hardware and auto-tuning grating system could eventually lead to cost effective solutions for traffic classification and weigh-in-motion applications. KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Fiber optics KW - Monitoring KW - Operating speed KW - Sensors KW - Traffic data KW - Vehicle classification KW - Vehicle weight KW - Weigh in motion UR - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/DevAndEvalFiberOptics.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643580 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00943729 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Hatch, S E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A LIFELINE LINK PY - 2003/05 VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - p. 38-41 AB - The collapse of a portion of the upper deck of the east span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge underscored the critical need for seismic safety upgrades on all Bay Area bridges. The deck portion was repaired, but the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) realized that the east span of the bridge was vulnerable to seismic shaking and the liquefaction that occurs when soils, especially saturated sands, turn into a liquid state. A subsequent Caltrans study determined that replacing the existing east span with a new bridge would be more cost-effective than seismically retrofitting the existing structure. This article describes the creation, design, and construction of the new east span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge from Oakland to Yerba Buena Island, roughly halfway between Oakland and San Francisco. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge engineering KW - Bridge waterways KW - California Department of Transportation KW - Earthquake resistant structures KW - Highway bridges KW - San Francisco Bay Area KW - San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge KW - Seismicity KW - State departments of transportation UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03may/06.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/646154 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00943730 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - King, R B AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A BENCHMARK FOR LIVABLE PROGRESS PY - 2003/05 VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - p. 42-45 AB - In Delaware, the trend of modern transportation severing links with historical and ecological landmarks was challenged and changed with development of the Blue Ball Properties (BBP) project in Wilmington. The goal of the BBP project was to interlock the public aspects--transportation and transit improvements, park development, and preservation of the historic Blue Ball Dairy Barn--with the private aspect involving the expansion of a corporate headquarters located on U.S. 202. This article describes how the State of Delaware, while recognizing that progress was required in this region, remained determined in not allowing uncontrolled growth, lost habitats, or unbearable traffic congestion in the construction of the BBP project. KW - Blue Ball Properties Project (Delaware) KW - Environmental design KW - Environmental protection KW - Historic preservation KW - Public private partnerships KW - Regional development KW - Transportation planning KW - Wilmington (Delaware) UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03may/07.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/646155 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00943731 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Kenney, M AU - Stearns, A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE FAST LANE TO INNOVATION PY - 2003/05 VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - p. 46-50 AB - As the U.S. grows and strives to develop a safe, environmentally friendly, and efficient transportation system, investments in human and capital resources are needed to explore new issues, address existing concerns, and chart innovative ground in the transportation field. In response to these needs, the Federal University Transportation Centers (UTC) Program aims to advance technology and expertise in the transportation field through education, cutting-edge research, and technology transfer at university-based centers of excellence. Described in this article, the UTC Program awards grants to nonprofit institutions of higher learning to create and maintain research centers. KW - Education and training methods KW - Federal government KW - Investments KW - Research and educational facilities KW - Technology transfer KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States KW - Universities and colleges KW - University Transportation Centers Program UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03may/08.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/646156 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00943724 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Lefchik, T E AU - Ruegsegger, L R AU - Henthorne, R W AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AVOIDING VOIDS PY - 2003/05 VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - p. 2-5 AB - In the U.S., abandoned underground mines have become a serious threat to highway safety, especially in rural areas experiencing increased levels of highway and residential development. Mines present a danger to the traveling public from potential pavement collapses, sinkhole formations in the shoulder and side slopes, bridge and structure settlement, and slides from mine collapse or drainage. This article describes some of the ways that federal and state highway agencies are dealing with the dangers that abandoned mines pose to ground transportation in the U.S. KW - Crash causes KW - Ground transportation KW - High risk locations KW - Highway departments KW - Highway safety KW - Mineral deposits KW - Mines KW - Roadside hazards KW - Rural areas KW - Rural development KW - Sinkholes KW - Slope failure KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - Underground structures KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03may/01.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/646149 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00943726 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Sullivan, J J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WALLS OF FAME PY - 2003/05 VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - p. 10-17 AB - In the past, transportation agencies focused on ensuring that barriers reduce noise, but recently designers have given more attention to the aesthetic qualities of barrier walls. The most successful highway noise barriers complement their surroundings while performing their intended acoustical functions. A barrier's size, shape, materials, texture, treatments, and context all contribute to how the wall looks to motorists and community members alike. This article provides an overview of how, across the U.S., highway designers are involving the public in making decisions about the aesthetics of existing and new barriers. KW - Aesthetics KW - Highway design KW - Noise barriers KW - Public participation KW - Roadside structures KW - Sound absorption KW - Traffic noise KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03may/03.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/646151 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00943728 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Weingroff, R F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE MAN WHO CHANGED AMERICA: PART II PY - 2003/05 VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - p. 22-37 AB - This article is the second of a 2-part series describing the contributions President Dwight D. Eisenhower made to highway transportation in the U.S. and, in particular, to the funding, design, and construction of the U.S. national Interstate Highway System. President Eisenhower's support was instrumental in seeing through the passage of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, the legislation that made construction of the interstate highway network possible. A historical context approach is used, with many details of 1950s U.S. transportation policy made available. KW - Eisenhower, Dwight David KW - Federal Aid Highway Act KW - Federal aid highways KW - Government funding KW - History KW - Interstate highways KW - Local government officials KW - Transportation policy KW - U.S. President KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03may/05.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/646153 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00943725 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - PETZOLD, R AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROACTIVE APPROACH TO SAFETY PLANNING PY - 2003/05 VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - p. 6-9 AB - Highway safety is a serious public health issue in the U.S. In 2001, more than 3 million injuries and 42,000 fatalities occurred on U.S. roads. In all, 6 million crashes in 2001 resulted in an estimated financial loss of $230 billion to America. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is dedicated to saving lives and believes that safety-conscious planning is the starting place and a key component of a safer transportation system. This article provides an overview of how the FHWA's focus has shifted from increasing capacity and reducing traffic congestion to placing a much greater emphasis on reducing traffic fatalities by means of safety-conscious planning strategies. KW - Fatalities KW - Federal government agencies KW - Highway safety KW - Injuries KW - Planning methods KW - Safety campaigns KW - Safety programs KW - Safety-conscious planning KW - Traffic crash victims KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03may/02.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/646150 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00943727 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Tang, T AU - Tonjes, S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LESSONS LEARNED PY - 2003/05 VL - 66 IS - 6 SP - p. 18-21 AB - Environmental impact statements (EISs) for a major transportation project often take many years to develop and approve. This article describes lessons learned during the development and approval process of the EIS for the John Young Parkway in Orlando, Florida, which only took 28 months to complete. The step-by-step overview provided herein shows how the EIS for the John Young Parkway can offer a model for streamlining of other EISs in the future. KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Highway planning KW - John Young Parkway (Florida) KW - Needs assessment KW - Orlando (Florida) KW - Planning methods KW - Project management KW - Road construction UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03may/04.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/646152 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00942608 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Roskin, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 2002, MAY 5-7, 2002, PORTLAND, OREGON PY - 2003/05 IS - E-C050 SP - 104 p. AB - The Transportation and Economic Development 2002 Conference was designed to provide transportation, economic development, and planning professionals with a broader understanding of the most timely and important issues in the linkage between transportation and economic development. The conference covered a variety of themes related to the crosswalk between transportation and economic development. Some sessions and speakers focused on rural development, with an especially close look at the role of the Appalachian Development Highway System in addressing the rural poverty that characterized pockets of Appalachia throughout much of the 20th century. Another series of sessions explored the overlap of transportation and economic development in major urban areas throughout the world, including Paris, Mexico City, and London. Other speakers focused on various aspects of causation; while speakers and attendees generally recognized a correlation between transportation and economic vitality, a number of speakers discussed the roles of benefit-cost analysis, new econometric modeling tools, and case studies in exploring the actual causal relationship between forms of transportation investment and improved economic productivity. Additional speakers broadened their exploration of transportation investment's impacts to address the capacity of strategic investments to build social capital by considering principles of environmental justice and seeking environmentally and socially conscious investment decisions to implement principles of sustainability and improve low income individuals' access to health care, work opportunities, and educational opportunities. This E-Circular provides a synopsis of each speaker's remarks. U1 - Transportation and Economic Development 2002 ConferenceAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Appalachian Regional Commission; Federal Highway Administration; Rahall Appalachian Transportation Institute, Marshall University; and Transportation Research Board.Portland, Oregon StartDate:20020505 EndDate:20020507 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; Appalachian Regional Commission; Federal Highway Administration; Rahall Appalachian Transportation Institute, Marshall University; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Access KW - Appalachian Development Highway System KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Case studies KW - Econometric models KW - Economic development KW - Education KW - Employment KW - Environmental justice KW - Health care KW - Investments KW - Low income groups KW - Productivity KW - Rural development KW - Social factors KW - Sustainable development KW - Transportation KW - Urban areas UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec050.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/645283 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00965893 AU - Chang, N-Y AU - Oncul, F AU - University of Colorado, Denver AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THREE-DIMENSIONAL LOAD TRANSFER OF COLORADO TYPE 7 AND TYPE 10 RAILS ON INDEPENDENT MOMENT SLAB UNDER HIGH TEST LEVEL IMPACT LOAD PY - 2003/04/30 SP - 134 p. AB - The AASHTO LRFD Bridge Specifications changed the rail impact load requirement ranging from TL1 to TL6 with progressively increasing loads to accommodate heavier vehicles traveling at higher speeds to assure the safety of all traveling motorists and reduce maintenance time. Safety rails are usually top-mounted on retaining walls with independent moment slab and crashing vehicles can severely damage the retaining walls. Besides the safety concerns, the 2000 specs intend to mitigate the severe damage to rails and walls to facilitate cost-effective and speedy repair or reset. In the United States, over two million walls are mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls with modulus block facings, which are weaker than the reinforced concrete wall facings in hybrid walls. The Federal Highway Administration recommended the implementation of the 2000 Specs. The AASHTO Specs provide no design details or guidelines, but recommend the use of finite element analysis as a design tool. The consensus from the survey of all state DOT's indicates that the inertia resistance of rail-slab-wall systems should be included as resistance to the rail movement under high impact loads. Finite element analyses were performed to assess the need for design guidelines revisions to address the need for the high impact loads resistance enhancement. This study uses the three-dimensional nonlinear finite element program, NIKE-3D, to assess the performance of Colorado Type 7 and Type 10 rails under different impact loads. Results show that the 200-ft length is the minimum length requirement and the rail end (or edge) needs strong foundation support. The Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) has already begun the implementation of the 200-ft minimum rail length requirement and the examination of the need for foundation improvement at the rail end and the anchor for rail stability enhancement and displacement reduction. The research proposal for further study of rail stability enhancement submitted by CDOT has been recommended for funding by the NCHRP advisory committee. KW - Bridges KW - Design KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Earth walls KW - Finite element method KW - Foundations KW - Guardrails KW - Guidelines KW - Highway safety KW - Impact loads KW - Independent moment slabs KW - Inertia (Mechanics) KW - Length KW - Load transfer KW - Performance KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Retaining walls KW - Stability (Mechanics) UR - http://www.dot.state.co.us/publications/PDFFiles/RailLoadTransfer.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/678115 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960472 AU - Raman, M AU - Schweiger, C AU - Shammout, K AU - Williams, D AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDANCE FOR DEVELOPING AND DEPLOYING REAL-TIME TRAVELER INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR TRANSIT PY - 2003/04/30 SP - 138 p. AB - The advent of automatic vehicle location systems not only has provided the transit industry with tools to monitor and control operations, but with the opportunity to provide customers with real-time information. This real-time information enables existing and potential riders to make better pre-trip and en-route decisions. Providing real-time information has additional benefits to the transit agency: improving customer service; increasing customer satisfaction and convenience; maintaining or increasing ridership; and improving visibility of transit in the community. This document offers guidance for transit agencies that are considering the deployment of real-time transit information systems. An understanding of the current state of the practice in these systems is presented, along with information on the components of successful systems, issues and challenges that must be addressed in deployment, recommended practices for successful deployment, and a description of the future of these systems. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Deployment KW - Development KW - Guidelines KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Public transit KW - Real time information KW - State of the practice UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/23000/23600/23663/RTTIS_Final.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659952 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01546055 TI - Traffic Signal State Transition Logic Using Enhanced Sensor Information AB - The objective of this project is to develop traffic signal state transition logic that innovatively employs sensor information. The logic will serve to improve the safety and mobility of vehicles, pedestrians, trains, and light rail transit. The project is not intended to develop a fully implementable product but to prove the concept and justify its further development for implementation. KW - Implementation KW - Logic circuits KW - Mobility KW - Sensors KW - State of the art KW - Traffic signal phases KW - Traffic signals KW - Transition elements KW - Vehicle detectors UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=820 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1333007 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459194 TI - Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP AB - This project will evaluate the effect of including RAP on the overall properties of the asphalt concrete mixture. The project will look at how properties change as different percentages of RAP are added and the variation in these properties if different sources (types) of RAP and virgin materials are used. Rheological properties such as dynamic modulus, phase angle, and creep compliance will be evaluated as a function of testing time or frequency and temperature to develop master curves. These rheological properties are needed as input parameters for the AASHTO 2002 Design Guide. Additionally, the properties required for the Simple Performance Test will be measured to predict the field performance of the mixtures. Destructive testing will be performed to evaluate the strength and fatigue resistance of the various mixtures. KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Fatigue strength KW - Mix design KW - Pavement design KW - Performance evaluations KW - Recycled materials KW - Research projects KW - Rheological properties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227406 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459190 TI - Laboratory Foamed-Asphalt-Producing Plant AB - This technical problem solving project with the Maine Department of Transportation evaluated a laboratory foamed asphalt plant at a facility at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. KW - Asphalt based materials KW - Foamed asphalt KW - Mix design KW - Performance evaluations KW - Research projects KW - Test sections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227402 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459189 TI - Fatigue and Durability of Recycled Stabilized Base Course AB - This research project is being conducted by Dr. Khaled Sobhan of New Mexico State University. The project will evaluate the technical performance of a new composite base course made from crushed RCA, cement, high volume coal fly ash, and strips of shredded reclaimed plastics. The primary motivation of this project will be to find innovative reuse of recyclable materials in highway pavements by conducting systematic characterization studies aimed at providing valuable insights into the long-term performance and durability issues of such composites. State departments of transportation and industry are involved. KW - Aggregate mixtures KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Durability KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fibers KW - Recycled materials KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227401 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459184 TI - Synthetic Light Weight Aggregate (SLA) from Fly Ash and Waste Plastic AB - This project will be conducted by Mohsen G. Kashi of GEI Consultants, Winchester, Massachusetts along with colleagues from the University of Massachusetts at Lowell and Tufts University. It will develop a new product from two materials currently sent to disposal facilities; namely coal fly ash and waste plastics. The final product, a light weight synthetic aggregate, will be a granular material to be used in such applications as light weight fill, precast concrete elements, concrete structures and insulation for utility pipelines. This project proposes the use of various ash to plastic ratios, plastics of different thermal properties, and various production methods. KW - Binders KW - Construction KW - Fly ash KW - Performance evaluations KW - Research projects KW - Synthetic fibers KW - Thermoplastic materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227396 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459169 TI - Highway Transportation Technology Exchange -- Chihauhua AB - No summary provided. KW - Highways KW - Information dissemination KW - Information technology KW - Research projects KW - Technology transfer KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227381 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01464901 TI - Supplementary Cementitious Materials to Enhance Durability of Concrete Bridge Decks AB - The objective of this research is to develop a methodology for designing hydraulic cement concrete mixtures incorporating supplementary cementitious materials that will result in enhanced durability of cast-in-place concrete bridge decks. The research shall consider the use of fly ash, silica fume, slag, and natural pozzolans both singularly and in combination. KW - Bridge decks KW - Cast in place concrete KW - Cement content KW - Concrete bridges KW - Fly ash KW - Materials KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Pozzolan KW - Research projects KW - Silica fume UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=474 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233134 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460860 TI - Field Inspection of In-Service FRP Bridge Decks AB - The objective of this project is to develop recommended field procedures, evaluation guidelines, and reporting standards for periodic inspection of in-service FRP bridge decks. A training course for FRP bridge deck inspectors shall also be developed. KW - Bridge decks KW - Evaluation KW - Fiber reinforced materials KW - Field tests KW - Guidelines KW - Inspection KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - Training programs UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=284 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229078 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459050 TI - Transportation Security Information Clearinghouse & White Paper AB - A transportation security information web site portal is being developed. The panel met in June 2003. A prototype was presented in October 2003. A draft white paper is anticipated in December 2004. KW - Information technology KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - National security KW - Research projects KW - Security KW - Transportation safety KW - Websites (Information retrieval) UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=644 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227262 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01464657 TI - Implementation Plan and Products AB - Background: The AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan has a goal to reduce annual deaths by 5,000 to 7,000 by implementing a comprehensive set of safety strategies in a cost-effective manner. One of the key items to achieve this goal is the technical knowledge and skills to identify and select the best combination of safety strategies and countermeasures at optimum implementation levels. NCHRP Project 17-18 is developing the tools to achieve the AASHTO Safety Plan Goal. NCHRP Project 17-18(03) is developing a series of guides that will provide the foundation for reducing deaths and injuries in a particular emphasis area (run-off-the-road, aggressive driving, etc.). The best set of strategies and countermeasures to impact the emphasis area including the probable effectiveness, deployment requirements, and a considerable amount of knowledge and best practices in both hard copy and electronic format is being developed. NCHRP Project 17-18(05) is developing an integrated management process. The objective is to provide an approach that will reduce the potential for "stove piping" and provide direction to stakeholders on working together and selecting the best combination of strategies and countermeasures to achieve the goal of reducting fatalities in a performance based manner. A implementation plan is needed to convince key safety stakeholders to implement these effective strategies in the emphasis areas and adapt an enhanced performance based integrated management process.

Objectives:The objectives of this project are to develop a implementation plan for the products from NCHRP Projects 17-18(03) and 17-18(05) and to implement the implementation plan.

Tasks: To accomplish these objectives, the following tasks are envisioned: (1) Meet with the NCHRP panel and SCOHTS Task Group to review the products being developed under Project 17-18. (2) Identify the audience for the products. (3) Identify an approach to "sell" the product. (4) Develop an icon or entity to denote the products from NCHRP Project 17-18. (5) Submit a draft implementation plan for approval by the NCHRP. (6) Develop the products outlined in the approved implementation plan.

Status: The contractor has submitted all of the deliverables.

Product Availability: One-page summarizes of NCHRP Report 500 Volumes 1-13 and copies of previously distributed newsletters.
KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crash injuries KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Implementation KW - Injury severity KW - Traffic safety UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=443 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1232889 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460911 TI - AVL Equipped Vehicles as Probes - Phase 3 AB - Past phases of this research have demonstrated in the laboratory that it is possible to estimate travel speeds as well as construct travel times through corridors using existing transit vehicles equipped with automatic vehicle locators (AVL). These results could be used to augment the existing sensor network of loops, cameras and radar. This phase will incorporate these "virtual" sensors into the existing Transportation Management System real time database so they can be used by traffic management staff in the same way that loop data is used. The system will be updated to use global positioning systems (GPS). KW - Automatic vehicle detection and identification systems KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Global Positioning System KW - Loop detectors KW - Research projects KW - Speed detectors KW - Speed indicators KW - Traffic measurement KW - Traffic models KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229129 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989182 AU - Hyman, W A AU - Booz Allen Hamilton AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDE TO PERFORMANCE-BASED OPERATIONS CONTRACTING PY - 2003/04/15 SP - 101 p. AB - Performance Based Operations Contracting (PBOC) can be applied to highway and other types of transportation operations with considerable beneficial effect. PBOC is increasingly being used around the world in applications involving Intelligent Transportation Systems, maintenance contracting with operational elements, and other applications. PBOC combines performance specifications with penalties and incentives to achieve desired outcomes rather than telling the contractor how to perform the work via method specifications and excessive use of technical specifications. The focus of a performance based contract is (or should be) on achieving desirable outcomes linked to key agency strategic goals and program objectives. The crux of a performance based contract is to develop practical, cost-effective performance measures tied to the contract objectives that can be used to measure how well the contractor achieves desired outcomes. This guide provides step-by-step guidance regarding how to develop a performance based contract for transportation operations. It discusses establishing the acquisition team, conducting market research to determine feasible solutions and performance measures, developing a contracting strategy, preparing a performance work statement (or Statement of Objectives), establishing penalties and incentives, selecting a contractor, selecting a quality assurance evaluator, monitoring contractor performance, and closing out the contract. Performance based contracting is not a new concept and its use in contracting is growing rapidly. Indeed the goal of the Procurement Executives Council of the federal government is to increase performance based service contracting to at least 50% of all eligible contracts by 2005. KW - Construction KW - Contracting KW - Guidelines KW - Incentives KW - Maintenance KW - Penalties KW - Performance based specifications KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/754967 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459235 TI - Rapid Response AB - The objective of this research project is to provide the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) with quick response technical and administrative services. KW - Administration KW - Administrative procedures KW - Research projects KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227447 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459234 TI - Transportation Conformity, Enhanced Communications and Technical Assistance AB - This task area will include a number of efforts to enhance communications on conformity issues and monitor conformity issues in the field. In particular, the contractor will serve as a technical resource in support of a transportation conformity "Community of Practice" website which will be designed to promote the exchange of information on conformity developments. The website is envisioned to provide stakeholders involved in conformity issues an opportunity to exchange information, keep abreast of new developments, and ask questions of the FHWA. The contractor will assist FHWA as needed in responding to questions and developing communications to support this website. In addition, the contractor will develop an evaluation process after the website is in place for several months to assess whether the site is serving its intended purpose and to suggest improvements that may be needed. Another activity included in this task area will include monitoring conformity issues in the field and keeping up to date on issues and developments related to transportation conformity in California and other areas as needed. This effort is initially focused on California due to the large number of nonattainment areas (15 air basins and 58 counties) and the complexities of the process in California (e.g., different modeling process, county-based transportation plans in rural areas, overlapping boundaries in some air basins and counties). As part of monitoring conformity issues, the contractor will assist FHWA in the analysis of conformity issues, and keep the Transportation Conformity Reference Guide up to date on an ongoing basis. Further, as conformity rule revisions occur, the contractor will support FHWA's communication and outreach efforts. The contractor will also work to assess the current practices being used in nonattainment and maintenance areas to address issues such as: multi-state nonattainment areas, multiple nonattainment areas within one metropolitan planning organization (MPO), multiple MPOs within one nonattainment area, and resource agencies and tribal lands practices with respect to compliance with transportation conformity requirements. This effort will assist the FHWA in working through the many unresolved issues relating to the 8-hour ozone standard and will enable the FHWA to advise MPOs and States on ways to address the conformity requirements for 8-hour ozone nonattainment areas. KW - Communication systems KW - Communications KW - Information technology KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Nonattainment areas KW - Research projects KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227446 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459233 TI - Conduct Uniform Act Listening Sessions AB - This project involves providing technical support to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in two areas. The first task will be to organize and facilitate three listening sessions. The second task will be to gather, record and report to FHWA on the comments made at the listening sessions. KW - Information technology KW - Organizational effectiveness KW - Organizations KW - Research projects KW - Technical assistance KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227445 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459232 TI - Revised Guidance for Brownfields and Other Waste Sites AB - The objective of this project is to develop the materials needed for a revised guidance document on Brownfields, hazardous waste sites, and contaminated substances encountered, either during the development and implementation of a transportation project, or within the highway right-of-way. As one objective, the materials will be used by the FHWA to provide procedures, guidelines, and policy to States for the appropriate use of Federal-aid funds on Brownfields or hazardous waste sites. A second objective is to help States identify procedures to be followed when contaminated substances are encountered during construction, operation, or maintenance of a highway/transportation project. KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Hazards KW - Highways KW - Implementation KW - Policy making KW - Research projects KW - Right of way (Traffic) KW - Waste disposal facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227444 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459228 TI - Historic Context for the Federal System AB - This project is divided into several tasks, which include: (1) conducting an extensive literature search; (2) defining preliminary themes by preparing a chronological overview of the development of the Interstate System; (3) conducting symposiums; and (4) developing a preliminary and final version of the historical context of the Federal System. Monthly progress meetings and/or conference calls with FHWA's headquarters office should occur throughout the project, in order to discuss status, problems, next steps, etc. A maximum of four of these meetings will take place in FHWA headquarters office, while the remainder can be conference calls. Detailed minutes of each meeting / conference call should be prepared. KW - Federal aid KW - History KW - Interstate highways KW - Literature reviews KW - Research projects KW - Technical reports KW - Transportation planning KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227440 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459226 TI - Techniques and Methodologies to Rehabilitate Historic Bridges on Low Volume Roads AB - The objective of this project is to re-write text, consistent with the recommendations provided on the annotated hard copy, providing additional information, re-ordering of text, editorial corrections, and additional contractor provided photographic illustrations where indicated in accordance with FHWA Guidelines. It will complete a full edit of the revised text pursuant to comments provided by the FHWA reviewer, layout text and graphics, and submit for FHWA approval. The project will also incorporate any indicated corrections and format document in camera-ready form for printing by FHWA. KW - Bridges KW - Guidelines KW - Historic bridges KW - History KW - Low volume roads KW - Manuals KW - Photographic materials KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227438 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459225 TI - Development of the FHWA Air Toxics Research Program AB - The deliverable product from Task A should be a short report summarizing the AT research that has been completed and which is currently in progress or planned. It should include an annotated bibliography summarizing the findings of each report reviewed. Also included in this task should be an initial set of recommended subject areas for future research based on the review of reports from past and current studies and from discussions with researchers involved in air toxics research. The report should be provided in both hardcopy and electronic format and it should be 508 compliant (See http://www.section508.gov/) so that it can be posted on the FHWA Environmental Website (see www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment). At the completion of this task, the contractor should arrange a meeting with FHWA to present both the written report and outline the findings and recommendations for future studies. The deliverable product from the second task is a list of at least 75 names that will be selected for the panel and the reason for their nomination. It should be provided in a very short report discussing the individuals considered, their background, and how they will be able to contribute to the development of the air toxics research strategy. The product from the third task will be recommendations for an AT research plan. The presentations and discussions that occur should be summarized by the contractor and provided to the FHWA along with recommendations for the research. These recommendations should include time and financial estimates for conducting the studies. KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality KW - Guidelines KW - Manuals KW - Research projects KW - Technical reports KW - Toxicity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227437 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459224 TI - Transportation Air Quality Photography AB - In this project, the contractor will collect, develop and produce high-resolution photographs (TIFF file, 300 dpi or higher for print and JPEG file, 72 dpi for the web site) of CMAQ facilities. The contractor will label and number all pictures for easy identification. A corresponding Table of Contents will be provided to aid our access and use of the pictures and should be delivered in a three ring binder or similar display type medium. The photos shall be visually pleasing, positive, attractive, obvious/self-explanatory, take advantage of the natural and built environmental beauty, and convey the appropriate image of the program. The contractor shall provide photographic equipment. KW - Air quality KW - Binders KW - Photographs KW - Photography KW - Photography KW - Research projects KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227436 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459223 TI - Accounting for Commercial Vehicles In Urban Transportation Models AB - This study is a research investigation into how commercial vehicle trips should be handled in urban transportation planning. The study will attempt to answer the following specific questions: (1) how much of the traffic in a metropolitan area is attributable to commercial vehicle movements? (2) how are commercial vehicle trips distributed, geographically, temporally, and by type of transportation facility? (3) an commercial vehicle trips be classified into meaningful categories, amenable to modeling and forecasting? (4) what economic, demographic, and/or land use factors influence the magnitude and distribution of commercial vehicle trips in a metropolitan area? and (5) what data is needed to estimate and forecast commercial vehicle trips? How can this data be acquired? Depending on the answers to the above questions, technical guidance may be developed to help transportation planners better account for commercial vehicles traffic in their travel demand forecasts. This study will be conducted in two phases. Phase I will identify the nature and magnitude of the problem, summarize and assess the research done to date, and recommend an approach for addressing the problem. Phase II will complete the research and prepare the technical guidance, as appropriate. Implementation of Phase II is subject to funding availability. The following statement of work and current funding cover only Phase I. KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Land use planning KW - Research projects KW - Traffic KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227435 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459222 TI - Safety Conscious Planning Outreach AB - The objectives of this project are to: (1) conduct additional SCP Forums to bring the safety and planning communities together to improve safety; (2) develop materials and make presentations to promote the SCP concept and be aware of best practices; and (3) provide facilitation, administration and coordination support to the SCP Committee to promote SCP. KW - Administration KW - Coordination KW - Facilities KW - Improvements KW - Planning KW - Research projects KW - Safety programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227434 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459221 TI - Forecasting Person Travel by Time of Day AB - This effort will research and document the value structures and decision processes that travelers in the U.S. use to schedule their regular travel and develop forecasting methods based on the research findings. The research will specifically identify trip valuation, prioritization, scheduling and schedule actions in response to changes in transport service availability and quality. This project will: (1) develop a classification structure for the decision processes that travelers use to schedule their regular travel; (2) develop innovative aggregate and disaggregate modeling techniques that dynamically adjust person travel by time of day according to changes in transport service availability, quality and policy; (3) demonstrate the techniques using available data; and (4) develop materials for practitioner implementation and stakeholder information on the research findings, classification structure, methods, and demonstration results. KW - Decision making KW - Forecasting KW - Implementation KW - Research projects KW - Time KW - Travel time KW - Travelers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227433 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459220 TI - Strategic Planning and Research Assistance: Climate Change, Air Toxics, and TEA-21 Reauthorization AB - The objective of this project is to outline the process of Reauthorization and describes the Environment Task Force facilitation, and reauthorization option papers and recommendations are presented. The DOT Center for Climate Change and Environmental Forecasting are also discussed. KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality management KW - Climatic regions KW - Climatology KW - Environmental impacts KW - Research projects KW - Strategic planning KW - Toxicity KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227432 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459219 TI - Census Data Technical Assistance for Metropolitan Planning Organizations AB - An on-site staff person is serving as the primary point of contact for day-to-day activities for the FHWA's various projects relating to the Year 2000 Census. This includes providing technical assistance to Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) regarding the use of GIS technology and census data; serving as staff to the Census/Transportation Working Group; and facilitating and coordinating activities for incorporating traffic analysis zone geography, improving the work place address files, and other transportation issues in the Year 2000 Census development process. KW - Analysis KW - Census KW - Data collection KW - Geography KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Research projects KW - Technical assistance KW - Traffic KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227431 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459218 TI - Analysis of the Impact of Microsimulation Aggregation on Emission Estimates AB - No summary provided. KW - Aggregation (Chemistry) KW - Analysis KW - Emission control devices KW - Estimates KW - Research projects KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227430 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459217 TI - GPS for Travel Time and Speed Monitoring AB - The high level of time and effort needed to process raw GPS data and map match the data to travel facilities, manage the large amount of data collected, and analyze the resulting information seriously hinders its potential use and negates its promise. KW - Global Positioning System KW - Mapping KW - Monitoring KW - Research projects KW - Speed KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227429 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459216 TI - Technical Support for FHWA's Implementation of TRANSIMS in Portland AB - Throughout the study METRO shall be responsible for understanding TRANSIMS software and performing computer runs with the TRANSIMS software. METRO shall maintain an ongoing log of computer runs and a comparison of runs to existing conditions. The contractor may draw on the logs and computer runs to meet the requirements of the tasks. The contractor may also make additional runs, using TRANSIMS results generated by METRO, to prepare information for specific studies and reports. The contractor should develop a familiarity with TRANSIMS software. KW - Computer programs KW - Implementation KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Research projects KW - Simulation KW - Software packages KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227428 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459215 TI - Census Transportation Planning Package 2000 (CTPP) Electronic Guidebook AB - This task order is for the preparation of an electronic guidebook on using the Census Transportation Planning Package 2000, using the storyboards from the CTPP Outreach Materials task order. KW - Census KW - Data collection KW - Electronic materials KW - Guidelines KW - Research projects KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227427 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459214 TI - Provide FHWA with Quick Response Technical and Administrative Services AB - The objective of this research project is to provide the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) with quick response technical and administrative services. KW - Administration KW - Administrative and managerial personnel KW - Research projects KW - Serviceability KW - Technical assistance KW - Time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227426 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459168 TI - Highway Transportation Technology Exchange -- Nuevo Leon AB - No summary provided. KW - Highways KW - Information dissemination KW - Information technology KW - Research projects KW - Technology transfer KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227380 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962902 AU - Sarasua, W A AU - Clarke, D B AU - Davis, W J AU - Clemson University AU - South Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF INTERSTATE PAVEMENT MARKING RETROREFLECTIVITY PY - 2003/04/12 SP - 85 p. AB - With new federal minimum pavement marking retroreflectivity requirements looming on the horizon, the South Carolina Department of Transportation initiated a research project to develop a systematic methodology to quantitatively evaluate pavement marking materials used on South Carolina's interstate highways. The project began with a number of objectives--all of which were accomplished. These included conducting a literature review of previous work, surveying state departments of transportation concerning their pavement marking practices, comparing different devices for collecting retroreflectivity data, and developing models that could predict the degradation of retroreflectivity over time. This report documents the work conducted on this project. KW - Data collection KW - Degradation (Materials) KW - Interstate highways KW - Literature reviews KW - Mathematical models KW - Retroreflectivity KW - Retroreflectometers KW - Road marking materials KW - Road markings KW - South Carolina KW - State departments of transportation KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660929 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01557258 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning. Task 41. Non-Response to Personal Travel Surveys (support for NCHRP 8-37) AB - The purpose of this task is to conduct a non-response follow-up survey in St. Louis that will attempt to ascertain reasons for not responding to the original survey, incentives or other strategies that could have been used to improve response, and to collect some information on the demographics of the household and a summary of their travel. The research team will also conduct a literature review at the outset, both to identify what is already known about non-respondents to household travel surveys and to assist in the design of the non-response survey for this research. KW - Data collection KW - Follow up investigation KW - Incentives KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - St. Louis (Missouri) KW - Surveying methods and processes KW - Surveys KW - Travel surveys UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=1255 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1346918 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460855 TI - Simplified Live-Load Distribution-Factor Equations AB - The objective of this project is to develop new recommended LRFD live-load distribution-factor design equations for shear and moment that are simpler to apply and have a wider range of applicability than those in the current LRFD. The need for refined methods of analysis should be minimized. KW - Analysis KW - Distributions (Statistics) KW - Factor analysis KW - Live loads KW - Load factor KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=350 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229073 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01458663 TI - Design and Construction of Driven Pile Foundations AB - No summary provided. KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Design build KW - Foundations KW - Pile driving KW - Pile foundations KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1226874 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942611 AU - Peirce, S AU - Lappin, J AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACQUISITION OF TRAVELER INFORMATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON TRAVEL CHOICES: EVIDENCE FROM A SEATTLE-AREA TRAVEL DIARY SURVEY PY - 2003/04/07 SP - v.p. AB - Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) offer the promise of better informed travel decisions and more efficient use of transportation infrastructure. However, no firm consensus has emerged as to how travelers decide to access information, or how they actually incorporate this information into their travel choices. This paper is designed to complement existing research in this area with results from a large-scale survey of travelers in the Seattle area. The paper focuses on how characteristics of the traveler and of the trip itself influence these choices. The analysis reveals that Seattle-area travelers seek information on a narrow share of their daily travel--just over 3% of respondents recorded trip segments involved information usage, with radio traffic reports the most common source. The decision to seek information does not seem to be strongly influenced by traditional demographics such as sex or income, but is correlated with employment status, Internet usage, and experience with congestion. Trip characteristics are also influential, with travelers much more prone to seek information where (1) information is likely to be available for the route or mode in question, (2) the trip is arrival-time sensitive, and (3) there is a great deal of variability or uncertainty about the travel time. Thus, a typical traveler is about 20 times more likely to seek information on a peak-period, 25-mile commute trip to work than on an off-peak shopping trip. However, studies of ATIS usage should not limit themselves to commute trips, since other time-sensitive trips, such as those to the airport and to medical appointments, also exhibit above-average levels of information acquisition. If expanding ATIS use beyond this narrow segment of trips is a public policy goal, this will require increasing the benefits of ATIS and/or reducing the costs of access. In light of earlier research on travelers' ATIS enhancement priorities, this implies that improvements in fundamental data quality--in particular, more frequent updates and greater geographical coverage--will be most useful. These improvements would broaden the range of trips on which travelers would perceive information acquisition to have a favorable benefit-cost profile. Travelers' response to the information they receive is complex, and their reactions in real-world settings are not easily modeled. This paper does confirm results from earlier work, such as the fact that information acquisition rarely leads to a shift in travel modes. In contrast to some studies, however, it also indicates that changes in route are more common than changes in departure time and that personal characteristics, such as gender, do not have a strong influence on this decision. The most common response is to make no travel-related change at all in response to the information received, suggesting that many travelers may be seeking "serenity" or "peace of mind" benefits. This is a phenomenon to be explored in more detail with the next wave of the survey. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Data quality KW - Decision making KW - Mode choice KW - Peak periods KW - Route choice KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Travel diaries KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time KW - Travelers KW - Trip purpose UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22900/22994/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644144 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459060 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on the Environment. Task 3. Assessment and Mitigation Strategies for Land Development Impacts of Transportation Improvements AB - Increasingly, National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) documents for major transportation projects report that dispersed land development is likely to be a secondary impact. Dispersed development can contribute to serious environmental problems including, air and water degradation, habitat loss, and a decline in ecosystem functions. This study will identify techniques used to predict, control or mitigate land development impacts of transportation projects. KW - Air quality KW - Development KW - Ecosystems KW - Environmental impacts KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Project management KW - Research projects KW - Transportation planning UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=761 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227272 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460922 TI - Rapid Processing and Transmission of WSDOT-Specific Shakemaps AB - A quick response by the Preservation Office to a major earthquakes is predicated on the availability of information concerning the magnitude of shaking experienced throughout the Puget Sound area. This study would customize and improve the Rapid Alert for Cascadian Earthquakes (RACE) system to provide specific information on WSDOT structures. Earthquake acceleration data, estimates of likely damage, and locations of affected structures will be provided to our Bridge Preservation section. Primary benefit is a quicker and more efficient response to earthquake events. KW - Alertness KW - Bridges KW - Earthquake resistant structures KW - Earthquakes KW - Maps KW - Research projects KW - Structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229140 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460851 TI - Riprap Design Criteria, Specifications, and Quality Control AB - The objective of this research is to develop design guidelines, material specifications and test methods, construction specifications, and construction inspection and quality control guidelines for riprap at streams and riverbanks, bridge piers, bridge abutments, guidebanks, and other locations requiring scour countermeasures. KW - Bridge abutments KW - Bridge piers KW - Design standards KW - Materials KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Quality control KW - Quality control KW - Research projects KW - Riprap KW - Rivers KW - Scour KW - Specifications UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=722 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229069 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460500 TI - Coordination of Safety Research AB - In response to the problem of 42,000 annual deaths from highway crashes, the R &amp; T Forum Partnership created a National Highway Safety Research Agenda. In addition to a research agenda, a process to coordinate ongoing and planned safety research on a national scale was proposed. The purpose of this coordination proposal was to achieve greater research efficiency, identify research gaps and eliminate duplication. The Research Agenda consists of eight safety themes. One of those themes, Highway Infrastructure Safety was chosen to pilot-test the proposed coordination process. KW - Coordination KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Infrastructure KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - National Highway System Designation act of 1995 KW - Research management KW - Research projects UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=441 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01587770 AU - Nee, Jennifer AU - Hallenbeck, Mark E AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of the Instant Tow Dispatch Pilot Program in the Tacoma Area (A Supplement to the Evaluation of the Service Patrol Program in the Puget Sound Region) PY - 2003/04 SP - 23p AB - As part of a larger Service Patrol Pilot Demonstration effort, the Service Patrol Study Steering Committee proposed a separate element, the Instant Tow dispatch program (IT)—also known as an “expedited” rotational call-out tow truck program—to be evaluated for its potential to reduce incident response time. The goals of the IT test program were to decrease congestion and reduce potential safety risk on the highway by providing timely removal of blocking collisions or disabled vehicles. In the original test operations from January through April 2002, the IT dispatch was not successfully implemented as designed because the protocol for the expedited dispatch process was not followed consistently. The project partners subsequently decided that additional effort should be made, and another round of data collection over a three-month period followed from September through November 2002. While efforts were made to ensure that the protocol for the expedited dispatch process was consistently followed, the use of expedited tows in the Tacoma study area was still limited in the coverage area during the hours of its operation. As a result of the limited number of data collected, no definitive conclusion about the program’s effectiveness can be established. However, the available information seems to indicate that the IT protocol allows tow vehicles to be notified more quickly than the standard rotational tow truck call-out protocol; hence it would help decrease overall incident time and resulting traveler delay. This supplement summarizes the institutional and operation issues affecting the IT Dispatch pilot program, the evaluation results based on the operations from September through November 2002, and the evaluation’s recommendations. KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Incident management KW - Pilot studies KW - Recommendations KW - Tacoma (Washington) KW - Tow trucks KW - Traffic delays UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/518.2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1391696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512498 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Louisville-southern Indiana, Ohio River bridges project, Jefferson County, Kentucky and Clark County, Indiana : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/04//Volumes held: Draft (2v), F(4v), FDsup, Fsup, Record of decision B1 KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296822 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01469414 AU - Hurst, Bryan K AU - Williams, Gary AU - Oklahoma Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of a Fixed Anti-icing Tracking System for Snow Removal and Ice Control PY - 2003/04//Final Report Draft SP - 34p AB - The Fixed Anti-icing Tracking System is a stand alone, anti-icing liquid chemical spray system normally mounted on preselected highway bridges. These systems are designed to help prevent a strong bond of snow and/or ice from developing on a bridge deck. This, in turn, aids in reducing traffic accidents related to snow and/or ice events by producing safer highway driving conditions for the public. This is achieved by the application of anticing liquids onto a pavement prior to and even during a snow and/or ice event. As motorists drive across the treated bridges, the chemical is “tracked” onto, across and off the end of the bridge. While performing snow removal and ice control obligations, maintenance managers and personnel are potentially provided with more options when possessing this kind of technology. Furthermore, the anti-icing chemicals used by this system are less corrosive than traditional methods and cause less damage to bridges, roads, equipment, cars, etc. Fixed anti-icing tracking systems are fabricated to be low maintenance, affordable and user friendly. The system can be connected to any Windows-based computer, and monitored for humidity, precipitation accumulation, dew point, wet or dry pavements, road temperature and if freezing is developing along with other important system information. In November 2001, the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) placed a fixed anti-icing tracking system consisting of four (4) on-site stations which treat six (6) preselected bridges on US-412 in Division VI, Woodward County, Oklahoma. The fixed anti-icing tracking system has been evaluated since it’s inception. Evaluation activity includes the monitoring and documentation of system construction, data collection of system operation by way of monitoring and documentation prior to, during, and subsequent to inclement winter weather conditions. Other surveys consist of compiling and processing data regarding system capability, capacity, and effectiveness. In the two (2) years since the placement of this system, road and traveling conditions during snow and/or ice events at this location have improved. The main problem encountered was the traveling public not driving in the inside lane to produce the “tracking” effect in that lane. However, the splashing of the anti-icing chemical and air turbulence from vehicles in the outside lane did provide some coverage to the inside lane. Upgrades and inventive concepts of this system are constantly in progress and although some minor maintenance may be needed on occasion, this system has been and is performing well. KW - Anti-icing KW - Bridges KW - Deicing KW - Highway safety KW - Oklahoma KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Snow removal KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/hqdiv/p-r-div/spr-rip/library/reports/fhwa-ok0304.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1237872 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01390155 AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Office of Research, Development and Technology TI - Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center: organizational and expertise directory PY - 2003/04 IS - FHWA-RD-03-062 SP - 33p KW - Directory KW - Personnel KW - Personnel KW - Research and educational facilities KW - Research organization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1157921 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01158140 AU - Mimbela, Luz-Elena Y AU - Pate, Jim AU - Copeland, Scott AU - Kent, Perry M AU - Hamrick, John AU - New Mexico State University, Las Cruces AU - New Mexico Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Applications of Fiber Optics Sensors in Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) Systems for Monitoring Truck Weights on Pavements and Structures PY - 2003/04//Final Report SP - 158p AB - The main objective of this project was to investigate emerging technologies and to establish criteria for evaluating fiber optic sensors used to measure actual dynamic loads on pavements and structures. The dynamic load of particular interest for this project was the vertical component of the load caused by vehicles as they move over the pavement or structure, which is referred to as weigh-in-motion (WIM). Therefore, this project was aimed at determining the state-of-the-art of fiber optic WIM systems. KW - Dynamic loads KW - Fiber optic sensors KW - Fiber optics KW - Pavements KW - State of the art KW - Weigh in motion UR - http://dot.state.nm.us/content/dam/nmdot/Research/NM97ITD02WIMApplications2003.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/918664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074896 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - South corridor light rail project, Charlotte-Mecklenburg County : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/04//Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074857 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Butler SR 63 extension to US 127 (Trenton area access), Butler County : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/04//Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Ohio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834251 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074846 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Missouri River Corridor, Front Street, Chouteau Trafficway, South Riverfront Expressway, and Little Blue Expressway, Jackson and Clay counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/04//Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834240 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074675 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Reference Post (RP) 13, new interchange at RP 13 on I-15 and City Road in Washington City, Washington County : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/04//Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834069 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074299 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Sakonnet River Bridge rehabilitation replacement project, Portsmouth, Tiverton, Newport counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/04//Volumes held: Draft(4v), Final (4v)(v.2 in 3 pts), KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Rhode Island UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062173 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US-31 Petoskey Area Transportation Improvement Project, City of Petoskey, Emmet County : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/04//Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821669 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01049394 AU - Dye Management Group, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Transportation/Air Quality Issues in Rural Areas PY - 2003/04//Final Report SP - 26p AB - Although air quality has been mainly an urban concern, it is beginning to become an issue that rural areas will also have to manage. Several rural counties have exceeded the national standard for one or more air pollutants. The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of how many rural areas are facing this problem and to identify the main causes for their exceeding air quality standards. The study also focuses on transportation's contribution to the air quality problems in rural areas and how these areas are meeting certain Clean Air Act requirements related to motor vehicle emission sources. In order to build this understanding, the research identified rural nonattainment and maintenance areas: how many are there, where are they, and are they isolated rural areas or donut areas? Once the delineation of areas was accomplished, the study's in-depth evaluation of air quality and transportation conformity issues was restricted to only isolated rural areas. The research reported in this paper accomplished the following: (1) Determined if transportation is generating the pollutants in each isolated rural area or if another source is primarily responsible for the pollutant; (2) Identified what analysis rural areas have conducted to meet the Clean Air Act requirements for transportation conformity and the control measures they have undertaken to address transportation-related sources of pollutants; and (3)Assessed the resources and planning capabilities of isolated rural areas to address the issue of conformity between transportation plans for their areas and State Implementation Plans (SIPs). KW - Air quality KW - Air quality management KW - Clean Air Act KW - Conformity KW - Exhaust gases KW - Nonattainment areas KW - Rural areas KW - State implementation plans UR - http://www.planning.dot.gov/Documents/Rural/rural_aq_final_rpt.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/808891 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01024500 AU - Cable, J K AU - Anthony, M L AU - Fanous, F S AU - Phares, B M AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Iowa Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of Composite Pavement Unbonded Overlays: Phases I and II PY - 2003/04 SP - 28p AB - In recent years, thin whitetopping has evolved as a viable rehabilitation technique for deteriorated asphalt cement concrete (ACC) pavements. Numerous projects have been constructed and tested. These projects allow researchers to identify the important elements contributing to the projects' successes. These elements include surface preparation, overlay thickness, synthetic fiber reinforcement usage, joint spacing and joint sealing. Although the main factors affecting thin whitetopping performance have been identified by previous research, questions still existed as to the optimum design incorporating these variables. The objective of this research is to investigate the interaction between these variables over time. Laboratory testing and field-testing were planned in order to accomplish the research objective. Laboratory testing involved shear testing of the bond between the portland cement concrete (PCC) overlay and the ACC surface. Field testing involved falling weight deflectometer deflection responded, measurement of joint faulting and joint opening, and visual distress surveys on the 9.6 mile project. The project was located on Iowa Highway 13 extending north from the city of Manchester, Iowa, to Iowa Highway 3 in Delaware County. Variables investigated included ACC surface preparation, PCC thickness, synthetic fiber reinforcement usage and joint spacing. This report documents the planning, equipment selection, construction, field changes and construction concerns of the project built in 2002. The data from this research could be combined with historical to develop a design specification for the construction of thin, unbonded overlays. KW - Asphalt cement KW - Bituminous overlays KW - Composite pavements KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Field tests KW - Joint faulting KW - Joint sealing KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Synthetic fibers KW - Thin whitetopping KW - Unbonded overlays UR - http://www.ctre.iastate.edu/reports/hr1093construction.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/782433 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01016479 AU - Turnbull, Katherine F AU - Higgins, Laura L AU - Gilliland, Cynthia A Weatherby AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Safety Guidelines for Rural and Small Urban Transit Agencies PY - 2003/04 SP - 94p AB - Providing safe and secure public transportation services is important in major metropolitan regions, small cities, and rural areas in Texas. The safety and security issues associated with transit services in these areas are different, however, with agencies in the state’s urban centers facing greater exposure to potentially more dangerous and widespread concerns. Public transportation agencies providing service in small communities and rural areas must address many of the same basic safety and security issues as their urban counterparts, frequently with fewer staff and financial resources. This guidebook presents information on safety-related topics for rural and small urban transit agencies in Texas. The information is targeted toward helping ensure the safe operation of transit services in the state and the safety of all transit employees and passengers, and motorists and pedestrians using the roadways. The guidelines are organized under the four general headings of: operator and employee selection and training, vehicle maintenance, drug and alcohol abuse programs, and safety data acquisition and analysis. These categories represent the core safety program elements identified in the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Model Transit Bus Safety Program for rural and small urban transit agencies. Each section contains a general description of key issues and examples of specific approaches to address these concerns. Examples of procedures, forms, and techniques are provided for use by the transit agencies in the state. Additional references on sources of safety-related information and assistance are provided in the appendices. KW - Alcohol abuse KW - Alcoholism treatment programs KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Drug abuse KW - Drug treatment programs KW - Employees KW - Guidelines KW - Hiring policies KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Safety programs KW - Small cities KW - Texas KW - Training KW - Transit authorities KW - Transit safety KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - http://www.cutr.usf.edu/bussafety/documents/0-4008-P1_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/772409 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01000951 AU - Ren, Wei-Xin AU - Harik, Issam E AU - Blandford, George E AU - Lenett, Michael AU - Baseheart, T Michael AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Structural Evaluation of the Historic John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge PY - 2003/04//Final Report SP - 123p AB - The John A. Roebling suspension bridge, formerly the Covington-Cincinnati suspension bridge, over the Ohio River was completed in 1867 and is still serving the Northern Kentucky community. The objective of this study was to assess the bridge load capacity via the dynamics-based technique. The scope of research includes finite element modeling and modal analysis, field ambient vibration testing, finite element model calibration to field test results, and bridge load-capacity evaluation. It is demonstrated that stress stiffening of cable elements plays an important role in both static and dynamic analyses of the Roebling suspension bridge. Large deflection behavior has been shown to have a limited effect on the member forces and deflections. Dominant vibration modes in the low frequency range are shown to be in the transverse direction. Higher free vibration modes of the bridge are coupled. In the structural evaluation under dead loading, the main cable area is reduced by 10% to 40% to simulate deterioration and corrosion of the cables. It is observed that the safety margin of the main cables remains fair (larger than one) even for the conservative 40% cable area reduction and extreme live loading pattern that equals 40% of uniform dead loading. Similarly, the truss member forces are within the maximum capacity. The current load limit posting for the Roebling bridge is adequate. In case the load limit will be increased in the future, it is recommended that a detailed study be conducted to evaluate the need to strengthen the top chord truss members in order to increase the loading capacity of the truss. KW - Bearing capacity KW - Cables KW - Finite element method KW - Historic bridges KW - Load limits KW - Structural analysis KW - Suspension bridges KW - Trusses KW - Vibration tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/756778 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989261 AU - Latham, F E AU - Trombly, J W AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LOW COST TRAFFIC ENGINEERING IMPROVEMENTS: A PRIMER PY - 2003/04 SP - 28 p. AB - Transportation agencies throughout the country have implemented various successful and effective low cost strategies to improve safety and reduce traffic congestion. This report presents the results of an investigation into these low cost traffic engineering improvements, including types of actions, costs, and benefits. The report is divided into five parts. Following the introductory section, the second part describes several low cost traffic engineering improvements that have been implemented in a variety of locations. The third part discusses why low cost traffic engineering improvements are important. One of the most significant reasons cited for pursuing low cost improvements is that limited funding is available to local jurisdictions for managing growing safety and capacity problems. The fourth part examines the benefits that have been derived from the implementation of low cost improvements based on several examples that have been implemented in different parts of the nation. The fifth part describes several experimental or innovative low cost approaches to increasing safety and mitigating congestion. KW - Benefits KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Improvements KW - Innovation KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/low_cost_traf/low_cost_traf.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/755037 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00977162 AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF DOWEL BAR PLACEMENT ACCURACY WITH A DOWEL BAR INSERTER PY - 2003/04 SP - 39 p. AB - Dowel bar inserters (DBIs) on concrete paving equipment eliminate the need for manually placing dowel bar baskets. Reduced manual labor eventually pays off the initial investment in a DBI and ultimately results in reduced portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP) costs to the roadway owner. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the dowel bar placement accuracy of a DBI with the performance of conventional dowel baskets. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used to measure dowel bar skew, translation, and depth at specific joint locations on a US 60 jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) construction project near Van Buren. KW - Accuracy KW - Construction equipment KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Dowel bar inserters KW - Dowel depth KW - Dowel skew KW - Dowel translation KW - Dowels (Fasteners) KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Road construction UR - http://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/Ri01049/RDT03009.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22700/22703/RDT03009.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/703236 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00961227 AU - Fancher, Paul AU - Bareket, Zevi AU - Peng, Huei AU - Ervin, Robert AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Bayerische Motoren Werke AU - DaimlerChrysler Corporation AU - Nissan Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha TI - RESEARCH ON DESIRABLE ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL BEHAVIOR IN TRAFFIC STREAMS PY - 2003/04 SP - 45, 13 p. AB - This report describes a research program focused on the influences of adaptive cruise control (ACC)-equipped vehicles on traffic behavior. The program is directed at increasing the understanding of how various modes of motion occur and in developing microscopic knowledge that can be applied in assuring that strings of ACC vehicles will not have an adverse effect on traffic flow. The report first discusses the concepts used in designing a driver model. Parameters used in representing steady following and transient behavior are described. Simulation results are presented regarding inherently sustainable strings. Traffic flow characteristics related to longitudinal control properties are then described. The report presents conclusions and findings from this phase 2 research as well as recommendations for applying the findings from both phases 1 and 2. KW - Adaptive control KW - Cruise control KW - Simulation KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00975952 AU - Rilett, L AU - Kumar, A AU - Doddi, S AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EL PASO TRANSIMS CASE STUDY PY - 2003/04 SP - 98 p. AB - The Transportation Analysis and Simulation System (TRANSIMS), which was developed as part of the Travel Model Improvement Program (TMIP), has been touted by its backers as a replacement for the four-step planning model. TRANSIMS is an integrated system of travel forecasting models which is designed to give transportation planners accurate, complete information on traffic impacts, congestion, and pollutant emissions. Because TRANSIMS represents a significant shift from the current state of practice, the transportation planning community will need to spend significant human and capital resources preparing for the transition. This report will provide some insight into these transitional issues based on research on the El Paso planning network in Texas. This report is comprised of three main sections. First the report provides a detailed overview of the TRANSIMS architecture. It is subsequently compared and contrasted with the four-step planning process. The next section describes the detailed data requirements, provides a description of the steps taken to create a TRANSIMS network for El Paso, and discusses the microsimulation results. Because TRANSIMS 1.1, which was used in this research, did not contain all the modules, the research primarily focused on the microsimulation and emissions modules. Lastly, the TRANSIMS emission estimation process is described. Subsequently, this module is compared and contrasted to the MOBILE5 suite of emissions models. A "lessons learned" section is provided at the end of each section outlining the important findings. KW - Case studies KW - El Paso (Texas) KW - Estimating KW - Exhaust gases KW - Forecasting KW - Microsimulation KW - Simulation KW - System architecture KW - TRANSIMS (Computer model) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/702730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00975842 AU - Salmon, M AU - Wyneken, J AU - Foote, J AU - Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPACTS OF COASTAL ROADWAY LIGHTING ON ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SEA TURTLES PY - 2003/04 SP - 19 p. AB - Florida's oceanic beaches are the primary nesting sites for the world's second largest population of loggerhead sea turtle (a threatened species), and for smaller, but increasing, populations of green turtles and leatherbacks (both endangered species). But coastal development in the state has led to habitat degradation in the form of "photopollution": exposure of formerly dark beaches to artificial lighting. Lighting repels many females from those beaches. It also interferes with the ability of hatchlings that emerge from nests at night to locate the sea. In many locations statewide, lighting reaches nesting beaches from coastal roadway streetlights. This project was sponsored by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) to help resolve coastal roadway lighting impacts at adjacent nesting beaches, and to assist in revisions to the FDOT Roadway Lighting Standards to include sea turtle conservation measures. With this end in mind, the following tasks were completed: (i) Roadways adjacent to nesting beaches were inspected and criteria were developed to categorize the severity of roadway lighting problems; (ii) Sites were selected and procedures were formulated for correcting lighting problems and for measuring the efficacy of lighting modifications; and (iii) Experiments were carried out to determine whether two recent technologies of lighting management (use of filters to exclude portions of the luminaire spectra; and use of embedded roadway lighting) would provide effective protection to both females and their hatchlings. KW - Beaches KW - Coastal development KW - Coasts KW - Countermeasures KW - Embedded roadway lighting KW - Endangered species KW - Environmental impacts KW - Florida KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Light filters KW - Sea turtles KW - Street lighting UR - http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_EMO/FDOT_BB850_rpt.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/702625 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00974292 AU - Dailey, Donald J AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ITS BACKBONE INFRASTRUCTURE PY - 2003/04 SP - 21 p. AB - In this brief report, the author provides a description of the activities in each of the areas to which the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Backbone contributes, and provides supporting statistics for each of these contributions. The form of these statistics varies by application area: (1) potential viewers, in the case of TrafficTV, (2) page views, in the case of MyBus, (3) data stream use, in the case of Busview, and (4) number of downloads, in the case of the SDD Toolkit. KW - Applications KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Real time information KW - Statistics UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/565.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/698055 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00973774 AU - National Park Service AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GOING-TO-THE-SUN ROAD, REHABILITATION PLAN/FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT, GLACIER NATIONAL PARK PY - 2003/04 SP - 354 p. AB - Glacier National Park is considering the rehabilitation of the 50-mile (80-kilometer) Going-to-the-Sun Road, a National Historic Landmark. Road rehabilitation is needed to correct structural deficiencies in the deteriorating roadway, improve safety, preserve historic and cultural resources, provide a safe and pleasant driving experience, and to upgrade visitor use facilities adjacent to the Road such as parking and pullouts, and roadside trails. To fully consider the options for improvements, four alternatives including a No Action Alternative were evaluated. The National Park Service's Preferred Alternative is to rehabilitate the Going-to-the-Sun Road over a 7- to 8-year period beginning in 2004. Rehabilitation includes repairs to historic retaining walls, guardwalls, tunnels, and other structural features contributing to the historic character of the Road. The National Park Service also proposes to implement mitigation measures such as transit service during construction, additional exhibits and interpretive information, and other visitor use improvements and programs to aid visitors and businesses during rehabilitation. Under the Preferred Alternative, the Road and access to Logan Pass would remain open during the visitor season. The National Park Service concluded that the Preferred Alternative provides the best overall balance in addressing needed Road rehabilitation, protecting and preserving historic, scenic, and natural resources, while allowing continued visitor access and minimizing impacts on regional businesses. Other alternatives considered for rehabilitation of the Going-to-the-Sun Road included: the No Action Alternative - rehabilitation of the Road over a 50-year period based on current levels of funding; Priority Rehabilitation over 20 years; or an Accelerated Completion Alternative, which would take 6 to 8 years to complete. The consequences of these actions on socioeconomic, cultural, and natural resources were initially discussed in a Draft Environmental Impact Statement released for a 60-day comment period in September 2002. Following public hearings and receipt of comments, the National Park Service has made minor revisions to the proposed action and conducted additional analysis of potential environmental and economic impacts. The Final Environmental Impact Statement includes those revisions and responses to substantive comments received on the Draft EIS. The Final Environmental Impact Statement will be available 30 days prior to issuance of a Record of Decision by the National Park Service. KW - Construction KW - Deterioration KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental protection KW - Glacier National Park KW - Going-to-the-Sun Road KW - Highway safety KW - Historic preservation KW - Improvements KW - Montana KW - National parks KW - Natural resources KW - Park roads KW - Parking KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Retaining walls KW - Roadside improvement KW - Scenic highways KW - Tourists KW - Trails KW - Tunnels UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22900/22933/2003roadeis.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/697695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942452 AU - Pan, Y AU - Foster, E AU - Vaivoda, A AU - Portland State University AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTS OF BROMACIL, DIURON, GLYPHOSATE, AND SULFOMETURON-METHYL ON PERIPHYTON ASSEMBLAGES AND RAINBOW TROUT PY - 2003/04 SP - 43 p. AB - This study documents the testing of several common herbicides used by the Oregon Department of Transportation in vegetation management. The project assessed the short- and long-term effects of Roundup, Krovar and Oust on periphyton and rainbow trout. The active ingredient in Roundup is glyphosate; Krovar uses bromacil and diuron; and Oust uses sulfometuron-methyl. Short-term (96-hour) exposure tests used actual road shoulder runoff collected after herbicide application, using a simulated rain and a natural rain event. Long-term exposure tests assessed effects of a 14-day exposure using lab-mixed solutions of deionized lab water and herbicides, individually and in mixture. The data showed that the short-term exposure had no statistically significant effects on periphyton. The short-term exposure reduced survivorship of rainbow trout, but the effects were observed both in treated and untreated runoff; thus the toxicity was likely due to other factors. The long-term exposure tests showed that herbicides, especially Krovar and the mixture of three chemicals, reduced periphyton algal biomass. The declined trend in biomass was more evident in live cell density than in chlorophyll a concentration, suggesting that algal responses to chemicals may vary among groups (green algae vs. diatoms). The long-term exposure had no statistically significant effects on fish mortality and dry weight. Individual herbicide bioassays showed no significant differences between the changes in wet weight, but significant differences in wet weight were found between treatments in the mixture bioassay. The study showed that periphyton assemblages could be altered by some chemicals. While rainbow trout fish showed no statistical effects for dry weight, the effect on other sublethal endpoints remains a possibility. KW - Algae KW - Bioassay KW - Biomass KW - Environmental impacts KW - Fishes KW - Herbicides KW - Roadside KW - Runoff KW - Vegetation control KW - Water quality UR - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/EffBromDiurGlyRainbowTrout.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970608 AU - Yildirim, Y AU - Qatan, A AU - Kennedy, T W AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF HOT AND COLD POUR CRACK SEALING TREATMENTS ON ASPHALT SURFACED PAVEMENTS PY - 2003/04 SP - 84 p. AB - This is the second report from the Center for Transportation Research on the Project 4061. It presents the results, findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on the field surveys of the test sections for the second year of a 3-year study. This study comes as an attempt to determine the feasibility of using both hot pour and cold pour sealants. This will be achieved by comparing the long-term performance of both hot and cold pour sealing materials. For the purpose of the study, seven sealing materials were selected; four hot pour sealants designated as H1, H2, H3, and H4 and three cold pour sealants designated as C1, C2, and C3. These materials were applied on eight pavement maintenance sections for testing purposes in five districts in Texas. The investigation on test sections was based on AASHTO P20-94, "Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Crack Sealing Treatment on Asphalt Surfaced Pavements." Three investigation visits were conducted; the first one about three months after the construction (Summer 2001), the second one about one year after the construction (Winter 2002), and the third one which was completed approximately 18 months after the construction (Summer 2002). The visits indicated relatively excellent performance for the hot pour sealants in the majority of the test sections. On the other hand, cold pour sealants showed drastic decline in their performance with time. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Cold pour sealants KW - Hot pour sealants KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Performance KW - Sealing (Technology) KW - Sealing compounds KW - Test sections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696580 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969793 AU - Byrne, M P AU - Wang, J-H AU - Shao, D M AU - University of Rhode Island, Kingston AU - Rhode Island Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF INDEPENDENT ASSURANCE SAMPLING AND TESTING VARIATION LIMITS PY - 2003/04 SP - 24 p. AB - The principal objective of this project is to examine the existing Independent Assurance Sampling and Testing (IAST) data and to suggest variation limits for the currently listed IAST tests. These suggested variation limits might serve as criteria to determine the accuracy and validity of the acceptance sampling testing and process control protocols and help compare individual testing results. In developing these new IAST limits, past data (since 1991) were entered into a computer and analyzed by statistical software. This report summarizes the analysis carried out by the University of Rhode Island (URI) on Rhode Island Department of Transportation data of various test results from 1991 to 1999. Test data were analyzed for the following materials: hot mix asphalt, portland cement concrete, and soils. Also, a paired t-test was conducted to investigate if a significant difference exists between the IAST and the acceptance tests. Statistical approaches were employed to develop new variation limits for each of the tests conducted on the three materials. Comparisons were made between existing IAST limits and the limits developed by URI. For each test, various IAST variation limits were compared with the limits developed in this study. Comparisons were made on data regarding the gradation and asphalt content of hot mix asphalt, the slump and air content and the aggregate gradation of portland cement concrete, and in place density and moisture content of soils. A standard procedure was suggested to determine IAST limits for a new test. KW - Acceptance sampling KW - Acceptance tests KW - Accuracy KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Air content KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt content KW - Density KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Independent assurance KW - Moisture content KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Process control KW - Slump test KW - Soils KW - T test KW - Validity KW - Variation limits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680708 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969773 AU - MCQUIDDY, B AU - System Innovations, Incorporated AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ARIZONA ROAD WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM (RWIS) COMMUNICATIONS PLAN PY - 2003/04 SP - 58 p. AB - There have been two implementations of Roadway Weather Information Systems (RWISs) in Arizona, known as RWIS Phase 0 and Phase 1. Each Phase has met with limited success and has on-going issues that need to be addressed before new RWIS sites are implemented. This research project provides a Communications Plan for Phase 2 and addresses the basic communications problems previously encountered. These include a lack of reliable communications links in rural locations, interoperability of the RWIS sites and communications infrastructure, and publication of the RWIS data to all interested Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) personnel. NTCIP (National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocols) standards, newer commercially available communication equipment, and Internet-based publication methods will be used to successfully meet these challenges. Also, a single contractor has been chosen to upgrade existing RWIS sites and install new RWIS sites; thus ensuring a consistent implementation approach and equipment interoperability. KW - Arizona KW - Communications KW - Equipment KW - Information dissemination KW - Internet KW - Interoperability KW - Planning KW - Road weather information systems KW - Standards KW - System architecture UR - http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/statepubs/id/1237/rec/1 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24600/24641/AZ525.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680649 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964967 AU - Gullerud, K AU - Cramer, S AU - University of Wisconsin, Madison AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTS OF AGGREGATE COATINGS AND FILMS ON CONCRETE PERFORMANCE PY - 2003/04 SP - 75 p. AB - Coarse aggregates containing surface coatings were collected throughout Wisconsin and characterized to determine composition. Based on the results of these tests, a subset of the sample aggregates was selected to further study the effects of the coatings on concrete performance. It was hypothesized that coatings consisting of clay material are more deleterious than coatings consisting of either dust or carbonate material. The 10-batch concrete mixing plan tested coarse aggregates from three different sources and in the following three conditions: (1) coated aggregates that were sampled in the field; (2) aggregates washed in the laboratory; and (3) aggregates with added coatings. The effect of each aggregate coating on concrete performance was assessed from changes in compressive strength, tensile strength, drying shrinkage, freeze-thaw durability, and chloride ion penetrability as influenced by washed versus coated aggregates. In general terms, this research suggested that the effects of aggregate coatings as sampled in Wisconsin are minor, but could not rule out the possible existence of problem aggregates not included in the small sample. The test results confirmed that coatings with a high clay content are more deleterious to concrete strength and durability than coatings that consist largely of dust or carbonate material. While the carbonate coatings appeared to slightly improve performance, the clay coatings appeared to significantly decrease strength and durability. Although current field washing procedures do not need to be changed, it was recommended that the Wisconsin Department of Transportation consider adoption of the California Test 227. KW - Carbonates KW - Chlorides KW - Clay KW - Coarse aggregates KW - Coatings KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete KW - Dust KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Performance KW - Permeability KW - Shrinkage KW - Tensile strength KW - Wisconsin UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/00-07aggregrcoatings-f1.pdf UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/00-07aggregrcoatings-f1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964861 AU - Saiidi, M S AU - Mortensen, C AU - University of Nevada, Reno AU - Nevada Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CREEP AND SHRINKAGE LOSSES IN HIGHLY VARIABLE CLIMATES PY - 2003/04 SP - 179 p. AB - This study had several objectives, including studying the effects of aggregate type and climate on creep and shrinkage losses, determining and quantifying the effects of moist-curing concrete (after prestressing), and proposing necessary revisions to the current AASHTO equations for creep and shrinkage loss prediction. In Reno and Las Vegas, twelve post-tensioned concrete beams made with local aggregates were monitored for creep and shrinkage losses along with a number of cylinder specimens that were monitored for creep and shrinkage strains independently. At each location, two box girders were left indoors exposed to a more stable environment, and two box girders and two solid beams were left outdoors exposed to precipitation and a wider varying environment. Of each pair of beams, one beam was kept moist for two weeks after prestressing (moist-curing) and one beam was not. Testing and analysis found that moisture can increase the stiffness of aged concrete by 20%, possibly reducing creep and shrinkage losses. Aggregate type was found to influence concrete susceptibility to creep and shrinkage losses and the effects of moisture. Testing and analysis also found that in some cases the lifetime creep and shrinkage losses calculated from measured extrapolated surface strains exceeded the losses predicted by current prestress loss prediction methods from AASHTO, Naaman, and Nawy. Based on these findings, necessary revisions to the AASHTO equations for creep and shrinkage losses were proposed. KW - Aggregates KW - Beams KW - Box girders KW - Climate KW - Concrete KW - Creep KW - Equations KW - Moist curing KW - Posttensioning KW - Shrinkage KW - Stiffness UR - http://www.nevadadot.com/uploadedFiles/NDOT/About_NDOT/NDOT_Divisions/Planning/Research/RDT_03-033_Creep_Shrinkage_Losses_Highly_Variable_Climates.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962849 AU - Zhang, Z AU - Farrag, K AU - Morvant, M AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC FIBERS AND NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILE REINFORCEMENT ON THE STABILITY OF HEAVY CLAY EMBANKMENTS PY - 2003/04 SP - 90 p. AB - This study evaluates two methods for repairing slope surface failures of clayey soil embankments. One method involves reinforcing the cohesive soils with randomly oriented synthetic fibers; the other method incorporates nonwoven geotextiles. The performance of soils reinforced using these two methods was studied in the laboratory and in the field. In the laboratory, a parametric study was conducted to compare the performances of soil and fiber-soil in terms of their shear strengths. Both a large direct shear and a standard triaxial apparatus were used to experimentally evaluate the shear strengths of the reinforced materials. The interface friction between the geotextile fabric and the soil was also evaluated using the large direct shear apparatus. The specimens of soil, fiber-soil, and fabric-soil materials were tested at various moisture contents and confining stresses. Various fiber contents were also used to evaluate their effect on shear strength. The laboratory results indicated that, in the short term, the fiber reinforcement will compensate the loss of soil shear strength caused by the increase in soil moisture content. The best results were achieved with a fiber content of 0.1% by weight. Field evaluation included experimental repairs of failed slopes and monitoring their performance. Site investigations indicated that slope surface failures occurred when surface water trapped in fissures or cracks saturated the adjacent soils. To investigate the long-term stability, seven experimental slope sections with fiber and geotextile reinforcements were constructed at various compaction efforts and moisture contents. The performance of these slopes was monitored and the results indicated that repairing failed slopes with the nonwoven geotextile was a good option to battle repetitive surface failures in slopes of high plastic soils. Accordingly, a simple procedure of repairing the slope with the low-cost material was recommended for use by maintenance crews in daily rehabilitation activities. KW - Clay soils KW - Cohesive soils KW - Embankments KW - Fiber content KW - Field studies KW - Friction KW - Geotextiles KW - Interfaces KW - Laboratory studies KW - Moisture content KW - Nonwoven textiles KW - Repairing KW - Shear strength KW - Slope failure KW - Synthetic fibers UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/report_373.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660876 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962781 AU - Avery, R P AU - Ishimaru, J M AU - Nee, J AU - Hallenbeck, M E AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CENTRAL PUGET SOUND FREEWAY NETWORK USAGE AND PERFORMANCE, 2001 UPDATE PY - 2003/04 SP - 117 p. AB - This summary report presents an overview of the level of traveler usage (e.g., how many vehicles use the freeways) and travel performance (e.g., how fast they are traveling, where and how often congestion occurs) on the principal urban freeways in the central Puget Sound area. The freeways studied in this project are managed by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) using its FLOW system, a coordinated network of traffic monitoring, measuring, information dissemination, and control devices that operates on urban state and Interstate highways in the central Puget Sound region. Data presented in this report were collected by the WSDOT's freeway surveillance system. The project that led to this report is intended to meet two separate purposes: 1) to enhance WSDOT's ability to monitor and improve its traffic management efforts on Seattle-area highways, and 2) to provide useful information to the public and decision makers about the status of the freeway system's operational performance. This report is primarily intended to meet the second of these objectives. However, the software developed to assist in freeway data analysis for this project and many of the graphics presented in this report are directly applicable to the first objective. KW - Freeway operations KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Puget Sound Region KW - Software KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Urban areas KW - Utilization UR - http://depts.washington.edu/trac/bulkdisk/pdf/563.1.pdf UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/563.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660841 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962171 AU - Pearson, S F AU - Washington Department of Natural Resources AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BREEDING PHENOLOGY, NESTING SUCCESS, HABITAT SELECTION, AND CENSUS METHODS FOR THE STREAKED HORNED LARK IN THE PUGET LOWLANDS OF WASHINGTON PY - 2003/04 SP - 39 p. AB - The Streaked Horned Lark is a recognized subspecies of the Horned Lark and is a federal and state candidate for listing under the state and federal Endangered Species Act. In the spring and summer of 2002 research was conducted on this subspecies at four sites in the south Puget Sound. The specific objectives of this research were five-fold: 1) Describe Streaked Horned Lark breeding phenology and life history; 2) Assess reproductive success in four of the populations where males have been reported singing and performing flight displays; 3) Identify habitat features important to successful breeding at the nest site and territory scales; 4) Assess the impacts of human activities on Streaked Horned Larks at the 13th Division Prairie; and 5) Develop a Streaked Horned Lark survey protocol that could be used by Washington Department of Transportation biologists to determine species presence or absence. As a result of this study, the following specific management recommendations are made: (a) Human activities that are likely to disrupt Lark breeding should be minimized in areas being used by breeding Larks from early March until early August; (b) Streaked Horned Lark habitat restoration should focus on creating habitats consisting of sparsely vegetated areas composed of short annual grasses and with a relatively high percent of bare ground; and (c) Transects are preferred over point counts because they resulted in higher repeatability among observers, they result in fewer non-detections, and because they provide more precise estimates of Streaked Horned Lark abundance or density. KW - Birds KW - Endangered species KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental protection KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Management KW - Puget Sound Region KW - Recommendations KW - Restoration ecology UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/567.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660592 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00961960 AU - WILSON, E AU - Van Buren, D AU - Rice, G AU - KNAPP, K AU - Harwood, D AU - Halladay, M AU - Griffith, M C AU - Costales, T AU - Crow, M AU - BAXTER, J AU - Bower, D AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - American Trade Initiatives TI - MANAGING AND ORGANIZING COMPREHENSIVE HIGHWAY SAFETY IN EUROPE PY - 2003/04 SP - 72 p. AB - Effective development and implementation of a roadway strategic safety plan typically require the coordination of a variety of safety elements, funding sources, and people. The Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and National Cooperative Highway Research Program sponsored a scanning study of Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom to investigate management and organization of comprehensive highway safety programs. The U.S. delegation observed that the countries view highway safety as a public health or quality of life issue and base safety decisions on a common philosophy. The countries take a proactive approach to highway safety that includes a fully integrated and nationally accepted plan with measurable fatality and injury reduction targets. The scanning team's recommendations for U.S. application include developing a national safety plan with achievable safety improvement targets, creating a safety performance incentive program, and implementing a demonstration project involving corridor or area-wide safety improvements. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fatalities KW - Germany KW - Highway safety KW - Incentives KW - Injuries KW - Management KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Netherlands KW - Organization KW - Performance KW - Public health KW - Quality of life KW - Recommendations KW - Safety programs KW - Strategic planning KW - Sweden KW - Traffic safety KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United Kingdom KW - United States UR - http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pdfs/pl03006.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660505 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962100 AU - Keeling, M AU - Kalina, S AU - Logue, D AU - Data Site Consortium AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THIRD PARTY TRANSACTION COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS PY - 2003/04 SP - 118 p. AB - This project involves a comprehensive analysis of direct and indirect costs of transacting business via third parties versus Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) Motor Vehicle Division (MVD) field offices, including long term and short term costs. The analysis examines the third party process in detail and compares it with the same process within MVD operations to determine the cost to MVD of providing a transaction through a third party versus the cost to provide the same transaction in an MVD office. Using lessons learned from a review of prior models, review of relevant literature, and interviews with key personnel, a Third Party Transaction Cost model was constructed, populated with relevant data, and analyzed. Utilizing the model and cost and transaction data for the most recent fiscal year data available (July 1, 2001 - June 30, 2002), a summary table shows the costs per transaction by Channel-MVD Customer Service ($12.80), Renew-by-Mail ($2.42), traditional Third Party ($11.74), and Service Arizona (Internet) ($4.60). It is noted that Renew-by-Mail and Service Arizona only include registration renewals. In addition to the cost savings of the Third Party Program, the Program provides a number of significant intangible benefits, such as: reduced wait times in existing Customer Service offices; more convenient hours and days of service availability; reduced customer travel time and improved customer goodwill; reduced need for new buildings, MVD staff, and equipment; improved image of MVD responsiveness; process improvement; and demonstrated success of e-government and private/public partnerships. KW - Arizona Department of Transportation KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Convenience KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Customer service KW - Improvements KW - Internet KW - Interviewing KW - Literature reviews KW - Mathematical models KW - Public private partnerships KW - Registration KW - Travel time KW - Waiting time UR - http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/statepubs/id/10407/rec/1 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/55000/55700/55743/AZ539.PDF UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660559 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960156 AU - Aghazadeh, Fereydoun AU - Knapp, G AU - Ray, T AU - Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF USER WAITING COSTS FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON LOUISIANA'S INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM PY - 2003/04 SP - 170 p. AB - The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development is interested in applying the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) life cycle cost analysis procedures and model to large roadway construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation projects within the state. The purpose of this study was to validate the application of one component of this model - estimation of user delay costs - to projects in Louisiana. The main objective of this research is to determine if the results given for the user delay costs by the FHWA model are sufficiently accurate for use in determining user delay costs for the Louisiana system. A procedure for the study is specified in the body of the report. The study evaluated the delay times incurred by users on interstate highway projects on I-10 in the LaPlace area and I-10 near Lake Charles. The delay times were calculated from the data collected at the site, and compared to the values obtained from the FHWA model. KW - Accuracy KW - Costs KW - Estimating KW - Interstate highways KW - Life cycle costing KW - Louisiana KW - Mathematical models KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Road construction KW - Traffic delays KW - Travelers KW - Validation UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/report_372.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960150 AU - Serra, D AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT REHABILITATION PY - 2003/04 SP - 21 p. AB - This report covers several experimental concrete pavement cracking rehabilitation methods on Interstate 80, Section 074, Montour County, Engineering District 3-0. The project is divided into 9 "zones" and each zone contains a different rehabilitation method. Some of these design methods have never been used in District 3-0, and some have never been used in the state of Pennsylvania. The two primary experimental methods are dowel bar retrofits and Steel Paving Mesh. Both methods are designed to address the growth of existing cracks and/or to mitigate reflective cracking. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Design methods KW - Pavement cracking KW - Reflection cracking KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Retrofitting KW - Steel paving mesh KW - Test sections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659892 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960014 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - National Association of Governors' Highway Safety Representatives TI - MODEL MINIMUM UNIFORM CRASH CRITERIA (MMUCC) GUIDELINE. SECOND EDITION PY - 2003/04 SP - 174 p. AB - The purpose of the Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria (MMUCC) is to provide a data set for describing crashes of motor vehicles that will generate the information necessary to improve highway safety within each state and nationally. Efforts to standardize crash data have increased since the MMUCC guideline was originally recommended as a voluntary guideline in 1998. The review and update of the MMUCC Guideline, 1st Edition (1998) has been structured to obtain maximum input from all sectors of the highway safety community. Over a 12-month period during 2001-2002, feedback was obtained from meetings, via the Web, email, phone, mail, etc., before producing the MMUCC Guideline, 2nd Edition (2003). The 113 data elements contained in the MMUCC Guideline, 1st Edition were revised in response to emerging issues and other highway safety needs. The second edition of the MMUCC Guideline contains 111 data elements. The second edition recommends that states implement all 111 data elements. To reduce the data collection burden, MMUCC recommends that law enforcement at the scene should collect 77 of the 111 data elements. From crash scene information, 10 data elements can be derived while the remaining 24 data elements, related to the person and roadway involved, should be obtained after linkage to driver history, injury and roadway inventory data. No changes will be made to the MMUCC Guideline, 2nd Edition for five years. During this period, each of the data elements and their attributes will be monitored to determine their usefulness and reliability. The MMUCC Guideline, 2nd Edition is organized as follows: Executive Summary; Introduction; Summary of Changes to the MMUCC Guideline, 1st Edition (1998); Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria; Glossary: Acronyms and MMUCC Terminology; and Reference Appendices. KW - Crash data KW - Data collection KW - Glossaries KW - Highway safety KW - Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria KW - On the scene crash investigation KW - Standardization KW - States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659795 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960012 AU - Buth, C E AU - Sheikh, N AU - Bligh, R P AU - Menges, W L AU - Haug, R R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Montana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NCHRP REPORT 350 TESTING OF THE MONTANA PORTABLE CONCRETE SAFETY SHAPED BARRIERS PY - 2003/04 SP - 93 p. AB - The existing Montana Department of Transportation (DOT) concrete median barrier sections are 3.048 m (10 ft) long New Jersey shaped barriers with a pin-and-loop connection. Two pairs of 25 mm (1 in.) diameter wire rope loops are connected using a 660 mm (26 in.) long, 25 mm (1 in.) diameter pin that is not restrained at the bottom. Since the system has a low probability of complying with the NCHRP Report 350 guidelines, and the expected dynamic barrier deflection under design impact conditions is greater than desired by Montana DOT, two alternate barrier connection concepts were proposed and evaluated using computer simulations. These included a modified pin-and-loop connection and a newly conceived lapped splice connection. After these two designs appeared to perform acceptably during simulation, the proposed designs were constructed for full-scale crash testing to determine whether the designs would actually meet NCHRP Report 350 crash test criteria. This report presents the details of the simulation analysis, the details of the proposed barrier designs, the details of the full-scale crash tests, and the NCHRP Report 350 evaluation of each of the tests. Both the modified pin-and-loop barrier and the lapped splice connection barrier performed acceptably for NCHRP Report 350 test 3-11. KW - Impact tests KW - Lapped splice connection KW - Median barriers KW - NCHRP Report 350 KW - Performance KW - Pin and loop connection KW - Prototype tests KW - Simulation KW - Structural connection KW - Temporary barriers UR - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/other/research/external/docs/research_proj/crash_test/final_report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942628 AU - Mass, C AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A NEXT-GENERATION LAND SURFACE MODEL FOR THE PREDICTION OF PAVEMENT TEMPERATURE PY - 2003/04 SP - 9 p. AB - To meet the information needs of highway maintenance managers, a system for real-time prediction of pavement temperatures was developed at the University of Washington. This system utilizes the NOAH land surface model (National Center for Environmental Prediction, Oregon State University, Air Force, Hydrologic Research Lab LSM) to estimate fluxes of energy to and from the pavement surface and resulting pavement surface temperatures. Data from real-time MM5 weather prediction model forecasts, performed twice daily at the University of Washington, were used as initial and boundary conditions in pavement temperature simulations. Results of these simulations were compared to observations and the system's forecast skill was verified. KW - Accuracy KW - Heat flux KW - Highway maintenance KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Pavements KW - Real time information KW - Surface temperature KW - Washington (State) KW - Weather forecasting UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/564.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643268 ER - TY - SER AN - 00942609 JO - TechBrief PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AUTOMATED GEOTECHNICAL INFORMATION AND DESIGN SYSTEM (AGIDS) PY - 2003/04 SP - 4 p. AB - The Geotechnical team at the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center is integrating all research-quality databases and newly developed design improvements into a comprehensive automated geotechnical information and design system (AGIDS). This system will help bridge engineers evaluate design alternatives and obtain information quickly and economically from a centrally located computer source. FHWA scientists are developing common features and designing user-interface applications for performing cross queries, correlations, and engineering analyses. Several of the databases within AGIDS already contain modules for performing these operations, but these modules now will be linked through a single system that will generate design solutions based on interactive user inputs. This objective, quantitative system will support sound management in geotechnical design. The six databases within AGIDS are described in this TechBrief. They include the National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites Database, Deep Foundations Load Test Database, Shallow Foundations Database, Ground Improvement Technology Database, Publications Database, and National Bridge Inventory Database. KW - Automated Geotechnical Information and Design System KW - Bridge design KW - Databases KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Integrated systems KW - Interactive computer systems KW - User interfaces (Computer science) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/645284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942591 AU - Boisvert, D M AU - New Hampshire Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DURABILITY OF TRUNCATED DOME SYSTEMS (A.K.A. DETECTABLE WARNINGS ON WALKING SURFACES) PY - 2003/04 SP - 22 p. AB - The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has established accessibility requirements for State and local government facilities, places of public accommodation and commercial facilities. Under the ADA, the Access Board has developed and maintains design guidelines known as the ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG). ADAAG establish minimum requirements for new construction and alterations, which primarily cover facilities on sites, but has added new provisions specific to public rights-of-way. The provisions include the installation of truncated domes on sidewalks at roadway intersections. The guidelines apply where a pedestrian route is altered as part of a planned project to improve existing public rights-of-way. This report summarizes a test program to document the durability of eight truncated dome systems under winter maintenance conditions of plowing and surface deicing treatment. Sidewalk test sections were prefabricated and dome systems were applied in a shop during December 2002 and January 2003. Following field assembly of the test sections, snow plowing operations were conducted as part of the City of Concord maintenance schedule in March 2003. The test area was also manually covered with snow and plowed repeatedly to compensate for the late start of the project. After 20 plowing cycles, two of the four products complying with the current dimensional requirements of the ADAAG stood out in their performance. Two of the four non-compliant products were also found to have durable qualities. KW - Accessibility KW - ADA Accessibility Guidelines KW - Americans with Disabilities Act KW - Blind persons KW - Concord (New Hampshire) KW - Deicing KW - Detectable warning surfaces KW - Durability KW - Guidelines KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Sidewalks KW - Snow removal KW - Test sections KW - Truncated warning domes KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://docs.trb.org/00942591.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942564 AU - Cousins, T E AU - Nassar, A AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF TRANSFER LENGTH, DEVELOPMENT LENGTH, FLEXURAL STRENGTH, AND PRESTRESS LOSSES IN LIGHTWEIGHT PRESTRESSED CONCRETE GIRDERS PY - 2003/04 SP - 48 p. AB - Encouraged by the performance of high performance normal weight concrete composite girders, the Virginia Department of Transportation has sought to exploit the use of high performance lightweight concrete (HPLWC) composite girders to achieve economies brought about by the reduction of dead loads in bridges. Transfer length measurements (conducted on two AASHTO Type IV HPLWC prestressed girders) indicated an average transfer length of 17 in., well below the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and American Concrete Institute (ACI) requirements. Two HPLWC AASHTO Type II girders and a 48 x 8 in. normal weight 4000-psi concrete deck were fabricated. The girders were cast of concretes with a compressive strength of 6380 psi and a unit weight of 114 pcf. Full scale testing of the girders was conducted to evaluate development length and flexural strength in HPLWC composite girders. Embedment lengths of five, six, and eight ft were evaluated. Tests indicated a development length of about 72 in., marginally below the ACI and AASHTO requirements. All tested girders exceeded their theoretical flexural capacity by 24% to 30%. A third composite Type II girder was cast of high performance normal weight concrete and topped with a 48 x 8 in. normal weight 4000-psi concrete deck. This girder was intended as a control specimen. Prestress losses in the HPLWC AASHTO Type IV girders monitored over a nine-month period were found to be less than those calculated using the ACI and Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) models. KW - Compressive strength KW - Development length KW - Flexural strength KW - Girders KW - High performance concrete KW - Lightweight concrete KW - Prestress losses KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prototype tests KW - Transfer length UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37100/37128/03-CR20.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643209 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941394 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Akgul, F AU - Frangopol, D M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FORECASTING LIFETIME SAFETY AND SERVICEABILITY FOR MANAGEMENT OF A NETWORK OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES IN COLORADO PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 323-334 AB - A probabilistic framework forecasting the lifetime safety and serviceability of a network of highway bridges located along U.S. Highway 36 in Colorado is presented. In addition to performing a live load rating analysis for each bridge, performance functions defining the failure conditions for superstructure components are derived, in terms of both the ultimate strength and the serviceability limit states, using load and capacity requirements defined by AASHTO specifications. The performance functions are established by grouping the random variables and constant parameters in such a way that the formulas are applicable to any type of bridge having similar superstructure components. Thus, the developed performance functions are applicable to other similar bridges, which creates the possibility of evaluating a larger number of bridges in a wider network area, such as a transportation region within the state of Colorado. Using the developed performance functions, initial reliability indices have been determined for the components of the selected highway bridges. By defining the potential failure of the superstructure through a system model, a system reliability index is calculated for each bridge. Resulting component and system reliability indices are compared with the corresponding load ratings of the bridges. A time-varying truckload model and a material degradation model are used to determine the reliability indices of each bridge component and system over the bridge's lifetime. Both safety and serviceability of each bridge are observed over its lifetime based on the predicted load increase and strength reduction. The resulting reliability profiles form the basis for a network-level management planning study for a group of similar bridges that is based on structural reliability. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Colorado KW - Forecasting KW - Highway bridges KW - Live loads KW - Load factor KW - Reliability indices KW - Safety KW - Serviceability KW - Structural reliability KW - Ultimate strength UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644496 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941396 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sivakumar, B AU - Minervino, C M AU - Edberg, W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NEW BRIDGE PERFORMANCE MEASURES FOR PRIORITIZING BRIDGES PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 348-360 AB - The Sufficiency Rating (SR) has been used by the Federal Highway Administration to establish eligibility for federal bridge funds. Increasingly, the states have viewed this system as needing improvement to better reflect bridge performance. Most states have begun implementing bridge management systems that require collection of element-level condition data that are more detailed than National Bridge Inventory (NBI) condition ratings. Hence, there is a need for new bridge performance measures that provide performance information that is more specific than that of the SR. Task 97 of National Cooperative Highway Research Program Project 20-07 was initiated by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in 1998 to develop new bridge performance measures. Four individual performance subindexes and a weighted composite index have been proposed. Databases of eight states with a combined total of 13,392 bridges were evaluated, and results are compared with the NBI SR. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management systems KW - Condition surveys KW - Databases KW - Performance measurement KW - Strategic planning KW - Sufficiency rating UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644498 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941392 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Richardson, E V AU - Pagan-Ortiz, J E AU - Schall, J D AU - Price, G R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MONITORING AND PLANS FOR ACTION FOR BRIDGE SCOUR: INSTRUMENTS AND STATE DEPARTMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION EXPERIENCES PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 292-305 AB - There are more than 484,000 bridges over waterways in the U.S. Bridge Inventory. In 1988 the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a Technical Advisory (TA) to guide states in evaluating bridges over waterways for vulnerability to failure from scour. The evaluation to date has identified 26,140 bridges as scour-critical. These bridges require replacement or countermeasures to protect them from failure. The TA recommends that a Plan of Action (POA) be developed for each scour-critical bridge. Monitoring a bridge for scour, combined with a POA that details procedures if scour threatens a bridge, is an acceptable countermeasure. Research sponsored by the FHWA and Transportation Research Board has developed several fixed and portable scour-monitoring instruments. Fixed instruments are low-cost sonar, buried stainless steel pipe with a magnetic sliding collar, and float-out cylinders with radio transmitters. These instruments can use solar panel with battery for power, data loggers to store the data, and telemetry to send the data to central locations so personnel can act if the bridge is in danger of failure. The portable instruments include sounding weights, rods, fathometers, and geophysical devices. This study describes the instruments and experience with their installation. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management KW - Bridges KW - Case studies KW - Countermeasures KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Instrumentation KW - Monitoring KW - Plan of action KW - Scour KW - State departments of transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644494 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941393 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - O'Brien, E J AU - Gonzalez, A AU - Znidaric, A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ASSESSING THE SAFETY AND SERVICEABILITY OF EXISTING HIGHWAY STRUCTURES PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 309-322 AB - Although considerable effort has been put into the development of new standards and codes for the design of new structures, comparatively little has been done on the development of documents for the assessment of existing structures. The results are discussed in a European action that addresses that imbalance. The action, known as COST 345, "Procedures Required for Assessing Highway Structures," is supported by the European Commission's COST program (COoperation in Science and Technology) and involves experts from 16 countries. The purpose is to identify the procedures and documentation required to inspect and assess the condition of structures such as bridges, culverts, earth-retaining walls, and tunnels. The action also defines the requirements for future research work, provides information on the stock of highway structures (this can be used as input to budgetary plans for maintenance works and operating cost models and also for establishing recommendations for construction options), and identifies those structures not amenable to simple numerical analysis. In particular, the focus is on the work carried out by Working Groups 4 and 5 within the COST 345 action on procedures and numerical methods for assessing the safety and serviceability of highway structures. These working groups cover issues such as overall assessment procedures and levels of assessment, uncertainty modeling (load, material, and structural response modeling), and reliability analysis and target reliability levels. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Condition surveys KW - COST (COoperation in Science and Technology) Program KW - Culverts KW - Europe KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Highway bridges KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance management KW - Mathematical models KW - Operating costs KW - Reliability KW - Retaining walls KW - Safety KW - Serviceability KW - Tunnels KW - Uncertainty UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644495 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941400 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gaal, GCM AU - VAN DER VEEN, C AU - Walraven, J C AU - Djorai, M H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PREDICTION OF DETERIORATION: START APPLICATION OF DEICING AGENT TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 407-417 AB - Predicting future deterioration is not as easy as extrapolating observed deterioration from the past. During the last century many aspects of bridge construction changed in ways that will influence tomorrow's condition. Three of the most influential changes are application of deicing agents, cover thickness, and the diffusion coefficient. These changes influence the rate of deterioration. The structure's age when the deicing agent was first applied has a significant influence on the chloride ingress, as a result of the decline of the coefficient of diffusion in time. An equation with a time-dependent coefficient of diffusion that includes the duration of exposure to the deicing agent and the age when exposure started was developed. The well-known phenomena that cause deterioration of concrete are alkali-silicate reaction, sulfate attack, frost-thaw, acid attack, carbonation, and chloride ingress. Taking all these phenomena into consideration would lead to a complex deterioration model. For the time being, it is more useful to take the decisive phenomenon into consideration--chloride-initiated corrosion. The probability of corrosion from chloride ingress is determined with Fick's second law of diffusion. Only by using a first-order reliability method can the results be compared with observed deterioration. The observed deterioration of more than 50 bridges during a period of 10 years was compared with the predicted deterioration from the newly proposed model that includes the point in time that application of deicing agents began. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bridges KW - Chlorides KW - Corrosion KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Deterioration KW - Equations KW - Field measurements KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Time dependence UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644502 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941395 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Capers, H A AU - Tobin, M F AU - Harris, R C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PERFORMANCE-BASED PROGRAMMING OF BRIDGES IN NEW JERSEY PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 337-347 AB - Although all bridge management systems (BMSs) supply a tremendous amount of technical data on an owner's bridge inventory and can be valuable assets in recommending projects and programs, for other than the bridge engineer they fall short of measuring performance. Further, while providing a large amount of information on the condition of any one bridge or the system as a whole, BMSs are a tool based only on those performance measures an agency decides to monitor. For New Jersey, an older state with extremely large traffic volumes on its roads, bridge conditions are a subject of significant concern. As part of an overall exercise for developing a capital investment strategy, bridge staff at the New Jersey Department of Transportation worked with state metropolitan planning organizations; state capital programming, local government aid, and construction staff; and the Federal Highway Administration New Jersey Division Office staff. The objective was to develop a set of performance-based goals, objectives, and performance measures and to devise alternative investment scenarios as programming tools for policy makers for the state's bridges. In this way, the state developed its investment strategy for bridges by setting goals and objectives, measurable performance measures, and benchmarks. With the state BMS serving as a tool to determine the starting point and model various scenarios, a capital plan was developed that is currently driving state investments and focusing decision makers on the needs of the system rather than on individual projects. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Benchmarks KW - Bridge management systems KW - Capital investments KW - Decision making KW - New Jersey KW - Performance measurement KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Strategic planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644497 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941397 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kong, J S AU - Frangopol, D M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SYSTEM RELIABILITY MODELING IN BRIDGE MANAGEMENT PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 361-372 AB - Most decisions required during the process of bridge management are made under conditions of uncertainty. Uncertainties associated with mechanical and environmental bridge loadings and with bridges' actual load-carrying capacities make it impossible to predict exactly the lifetime performance of these structures. Therefore, realistically, satisfactory bridge performance can be predicted only in terms of a probabilistic measure of assurance of performance (i.e., in terms of reliability). Also, uncertainties associated with future maintenance and user costs make it impossible to predict exactly the whole life costing of bridge maintenance programs. In light of these uncertainties, bridge management systems have to be reliability-based. A framework was developed for modeling system reliability in bridge management. The proposed framework is applicable to both individual bridges and bridge groups. Examples of bridge system reliability modeling under various maintenance scenarios and selection of the optimum solution in a reliability-based context were also developed. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management KW - Bridge management systems KW - Maintenance management KW - Mathematical models KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Optimization KW - Performance KW - Reliability (Statistics) KW - System reliability KW - Uncertainty UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644499 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941399 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Attoh-Okine, N O AU - CHAJES, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ADDRESSING UNCERTAINTIES IN BRIDGE MANAGEMENT WITH INFLUENCE DIAGRAMS PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 390-404 AB - A bridge management system is designed to provide information and useful data for analysis so that bridge engineers can make more consistent, cost-effective, and defensible decisions for the maintenance, rehabilitation, and preservation of bridges. In a bridge management system, problem setting often involves many uncertain, interrelated quantities, attributes, and alternatives derived from information of highly varying quality. Recently, there has been considerable interest in addressing uncertainties in bridge management. This paper proposes the use of a type of Bayesian influence diagram known as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). DAGs express outcomes in terms of combinations of primitive events. The graphical structure of these models also captures the dependency structure among events, which enables the decision maker to exploit conditional independence to reduce specification and computation. The influence diagrams give users a clear view of the variables within the framework of a bridge management system and the relationships among them. Influence diagrams provide an appealing knowledge representation that can express uncertain knowledge, beliefs, and preferences in both qualitative and quantitative forms. With influence diagrams, the question can be addressed of perfect and imperfect information in bridge management system decision making. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management systems KW - Decision making KW - Directed acyclic graphs KW - Influence diagrams KW - Uncertainty UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644501 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941401 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Babaei, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - METHODOLOGY FOR PREDICTION OF CONDITION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS AT NETWORK LEVEL PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 418-429 AB - Bridge management systems (BMSs) are useful tools for highway agencies' projection of the future condition of bridges to identify repair and maintenance needs at the network level. However, when a BMS is first implemented, no historical data on the condition of bridges are available for developing prediction models. A study was conducted by Wilbur Smith Associates and sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration to develop a methodology for highway agencies to predict the condition of concrete bridge decks at the network level for use in the Pontis BMS (or similar systems) when historical condition data are unavailable. The methodology was developed in a step-by-step format so that matrices can be constructed to determine the probability of transitioning bridge decks from one condition state to another in 1 year. These matrices can readily be used by highway agencies to predict the percentage of network bridge decks in each Pontis condition state for any future given year. In developing the methodology, it was recognized that corrosion of the reinforcing steel is the main cause of deterioration of concrete bridge decks in the United States. Prediction of the condition of bridge decks was possible by taking into account the severity of the corrosive environment, the permeability of concrete, and the concrete cover thickness. To construct the transition probability matrices for highway agencies, bridge decks were divided into groups with three levels of deicing salt exposure, three levels of specified water-cement ratio, and three levels of bar cover depth. By combining these bridge deck groups, 27 categories of decks were identified for the majority of U.S. highway bridge decks. Bridge decks in the same category share the same deicer exposure, specified water-cement ratio, and cover depth. Accordingly 27 transition probability matrices were developed to predict the performance of decks in each category. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge management systems KW - Concrete KW - Corrosion KW - Cover depth KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Deterioration KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Matrices (Mathematics) KW - Methodology KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Water cement ratio UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644503 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941391 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Jones, J S AU - Richardson, E V AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PHYSICAL MODELING OF SCOUR IN BRIDGE MANAGEMENT PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 277-291 AB - The equations and methods for determining local scour depths given in the Federal Highway Administration's Hydraulic Engineering Circulars 18, 20, and 23 give satisfactory answers for the design and evaluation of bridges with noncomplex foundations or waterway conditions. However, the design or evaluation for scour of bridges with complex foundations or waterway conditions may require one- and two-dimensional physical model studies. Model studies are a combination of art and science. This study provided similitude, some requirements for modeling fluvial systems, and case histories of model studies for analyzing scour at highway bridges. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge management KW - Case studies KW - Highway bridges KW - Scale models KW - Scour UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644493 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941398 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Loo, T AU - Williamson, D AU - Quinton, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BRIDGE EXPERT ANALYSIS AND DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 375-389 AB - Alberta Transportation is in the process of developing an expert system that will support the department's bridge management functions. The system's primary objectives are to facilitate consistent and accurate decisions to optimize the allocation of bridge funds, evaluate system performance, and plan and manage bridge construction, rehabilitation, and maintenance actions. The Bridge Expert Analysis and Decision Support (BEADS) system will be a major component of a larger departmentwide integrated Transportation Infrastructure Management System (TIMS) and will routinely interact with the corporate data repository and other TIMS components. In addition to improvement needs related to condition and functionality, the BEADS system will respond to highway network expansion plans and socioeconomic decisions. The BEADS system consists of individual modules that address bridge structure elements and functional limitations. These include the Substructure, Superstructure, Paint, Strength, Bridge Rail, Bridge Width, Vertical Clearance, Replacement, and Culvert Modules. On the basis of existing and predicted condition and functionality states, the modules identify potential work activities, including their timing and cost, throughout the economic life cycle. The Strategy Builder Module then assembles and groups the identified work activities into feasible life-cycle strategies. A life-cycle cost analysis ranks the strategies. Once the project-level analysis results have been determined, a network-level analysis may be performed to facilitate short-term programming, analysis of long-range budget scenarios, evaluation of network status, and assessment of the impact of policy decisions. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Alberta Transportation KW - Bridge management systems KW - Construction management KW - Decision support systems KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Expert systems KW - Fund allocation KW - Impacts KW - Life cycle costing KW - Long range planning KW - Optimization KW - Performance KW - Policy KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Short range planning KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Strategic planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644500 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941384 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Zhang, Z AU - Sun, X Q AU - Wang, X AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DETERMINATION OF BRIDGE DETERIORATION MATRICES WITH STATE NATIONAL BRIDGE INVENTORY DATA PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 207-218 AB - This paper presents the results of a study using Louisiana's National Bridge Inventory (NBI) to determine matrices of the deterioration of bridge components (elements) that can be used in Pontis software. These matrices are for a simplified three-element bridge preservation model the authors developed for the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development. The results indicate that the deterioration of bridge components does not correlate well with the age of bridges and that the Markov transition probability is a good tool for predicting bridge deterioration. When using state NBI data to generate Markov matrices of bridge components' deterioration, the resulting probabilities will be affected by the average bridge age in the database and the time intervals depending upon which NBI data are initially analyzed. This fact should be considered in the use of these deterioration matrices for predicting future bridge deterioration. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridges KW - Deterioration KW - Louisiana KW - Markov matrices KW - Markov transition probability KW - National Bridge Inventory KW - Pontis (Computer program) KW - Service life UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644486 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941387 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Orndoff, CJW AU - Vasudevan, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WEB-BASED BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 239-243 AB - A web-based bridge management system (BMS) is a system built by combining the geographic information system (GIS) and the Internet. The latest technological advances in hardware and networking have led to a tremendous increase in Internet usage in the United States. Considering the popularity of the World Wide Web, a web-based system is an ideal means for information dissemination. The stakeholders, elected officials, and the public need to have access to information, and this Internet-based system is an efficient way to reach a large number of users at a low cost. Evaluated here is the use of ArcIMS, an off-the-rack software package, to build a web-based BMS. ArcIMS helps in distributing geographic information over the Internet, which allows for real-time integration of data. A web-based system helps departments share data, potentially paving the way for a comprehensive asset management system. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - ArcIMS (Software package) KW - Asset management KW - Bridge management systems KW - Data integration KW - Data sharing KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information dissemination KW - Internet KW - Real time information UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644489 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941388 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lassen, B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BRIDGE MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE INTERNET WITH DANBROWEB PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 244-251 AB - The DANBROweb bridge management system (BMS) focuses on managing the day-to-day activities related to bridge maintenance. Consequently, access to continuously updated information is essential. DANBROweb has been developed as a 100% web-based client-server system that permits all parties involved in the management of the structures to access the same data. The Inventory Module provides relevant technical and administrative data on the structures, supplemented with photos, technical drawings, specifications, and other kinds of digital information. The structures are defined in a six-level element hierarchy. Technical and administrative properties can be registered on all element levels, tailored to each type of element. The Principal Inspection Module holds information on the condition of the bridges and their individual components, thus providing an overview of the condition of the entire bridge stock and identifying the bridges in need of rehabilitation. The Activity Management Module keeps track of all inspection, maintenance and rehabilitation works, budgets, and costs. The general idea of activity management is that a job goes through different stages of execution and the person responsible for each stage changes the status of the job accordingly. The value of immediate access for everybody to continuously updated information is significant in two areas. In activity management it is essential that everybody involved has access to updated information on job statuses. In a distributed organization the concept ensures that the centrally located administration has a continuously updated overview of the structures, their condition, and the funding needs. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Activity management KW - Administration KW - Bridge management systems KW - Inspection KW - Internet KW - Inventory KW - Updating (Modules) UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644490 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941378 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Henriksen, A AU - Larsen, E S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ASSET NEEDS FROM THE BOTTOM UP PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 139-148 AB - During the last decade increasing effort has been applied in asset management. Many ideas and reports were created during this period by or for top management. The goal of asset management is to create tools for the use of the final decision maker, so that each project will be evaluated in an easy and comparable manner. During a long period, various management systems have used different methods to rank major repair projects, and many administrations are using poor tools and methods for spending their funds. The gap between the ministry, the top administration of infrastructure, bridge management, and the final decision maker is too big, and understanding among the parties is limited. The projects evaluated here are those for which a reconstruction is expected to take place within the next 10 to 15 years. Long-term budget needs are evaluated through good and proper inventory combined with studies of lifetime. Ranking may be complicated, and it is not always clear which parameters should be included. Parameters are evaluated here, and parallels are drawn to the net present value method. The need for funds has to be well documented, and consequences have to be explained clearly. Methods must be easy to understand at all levels of administration, and it must be easy to see and explain the included parameters in the evaluation and planning of maintenance. A preliminary introduction is given to net present value, an extended and well-considered ranking method from an economical point of view, to discuss why assets may be evaluated from the bottom up. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Asset management KW - Bridge management KW - Bridge management systems KW - Budgeting KW - Decision making KW - Net present value method KW - Present value KW - Reconstruction KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644480 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941380 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - HUDSON, S W AU - MOSER, L AU - Scheinberg, T AU - Herd, D AU - Prewitt, B AU - Watson, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATEWIDE IMPLEMENTATION OF A BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AS PART OF INTEGRATED ASSET MANAGEMENT IN KENTUCKY PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 154-175 AB - The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) has implemented an integrated highway asset management system on a statewide basis. The commercial off-the-shelf software suite used in the implementation has primary systems for bridge management, pavement management, equipment and fleet management, and maintenance management. As part of this implementation, the TRDI bridge management system, Visual/BMS, was specifically configured, through its flexible framework, for the state of Kentucky and will thus be referred to as the KYBMS. This primary asset management subsystem assists KYTC decision makers in the process of managing a population of bridges within the context of an entire roadway network. The software is a Microsoft Windows-compatible program designed as a client-server application to ideally function within a coordinated suite of transportation asset management systems. KYBMS provides extensive capabilities in the key elements of an effective BMS. These key elements include inventory, environment, and traffic data; history of construction, maintenance, and improvements; condition inspection data; database management system; data analysis capability; bridge improvement program; bridge maintenance program; and report generation. A comprehensive and easily accessible database is the foundation for the system. On the basis of these data, the analysis results can be clearly understood by many groups both inside and outside of the agency. A flexible framework permits an agency to configure the entire set of analysis and simulation models. Thus, the system may be configured and calibrated to match the agency's engineering philosophy and operating procedures. An integrated maintenance module interfaces with the MMS and provides bridge-specific maintenance recommendations and history. The KYBMS allows a wide range of predefined and user-defined reporting and graphics capabilities. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Asset management KW - Bridge management systems KW - Calibration KW - Computer graphics KW - Configuration management KW - Decision making KW - Implementation KW - Kentucky KW - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet KW - Maintenance management KW - Software UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644482 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941382 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Yanev, B AU - Testa, R B AU - Garvin, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MAINTENANCE STRATEGY TO MINIMIZE BRIDGE LIFE-CYCLE COSTS PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 189-198 AB - Cost-benefit assessment of bridge maintenance strategies is possible if related expenditures can be correctly evaluated over an appropriate life cycle and if they produce a known effect on structural performance. A method for such assessment was proposed by the authors in earlier publications and was based on data from the 762 bridges under New York City management. A program was developed for investigating alternative strategies to see not only which gives the lowest life-cycle cost, but also how the various cost components vary over the life of a bridge. The allocation of limited resources to bridge maintenance in optimal fashion was explored using the program, which provided numerical results and formal optimization techniques. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bridge management systems KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance KW - New York (New York) KW - Optimization KW - Resource allocation KW - Strategic planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644484 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941386 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Estes, A C AU - Frangopol, D M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - UPDATING TIME-DEPENDENT RELIABILITY OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES WITH PONTIS BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INSPECTION RESULTS PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 229-236 AB - Time-dependent reliability analyses are increasingly used to predict structural performance and develop an optimum lifetime maintenance strategy for structural systems, including highway bridges. These analyses require a significant amount of input data and predict structural behavior over several decades. The input data must be updated through inspection. While targeted nondestructive evaluation inspections are preferred, they can be expensive and are not available for all bridges. Biannual visual inspection programs are in place for the nation's highway bridges, and states use bridge management systems (BMSs) to ensure public safety and prioritize the use of scarce maintenance funds. To update the reliability analysis of a highway bridge, the data in the current Pontis BMS must be revised for use of data from visual inspection. Suggestions include a segment-based inspection that gives the analyst the location of defects on the bridge. Also proposed are conservative assumptions, numerical quantification of condition-state descriptions, and linear deterioration of condition states over time. The suggestions were illustrated on a sample highway bridge with defects that can be observed and those that cannot. The strengths and limitations of the proposals were assessed. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management systems KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Highway bridges KW - Inspection KW - Location KW - Pontis (Computer program) KW - Reliability KW - Updating (Models) UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644488 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941389 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lee, Y-J AU - CHANG, L-M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ECONOMETRIC MODEL FOR PREDICTING DETERIORATION OF BRIDGE DECK EXPANSION JOINTS PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 255-265 AB - Bridge deck expansion joints are an important element of bridge structures. When the joints fail to function properly, the performance of bridges can be seriously affected. Numerous research projects have been conducted to investigate the problems caused by the expansion joints and their causes. Some of this prior research was based on field observations while other research utilized in-house laboratory tests. However, a systematic approach to exploring the relationship between the joint condition and the influence of the environmental factors does not yet exist. Also, while the Markov model is frequently used in deterioration modeling, it cannot be applied when the condition rating has only a few levels and is discrete and ordinal. To address these two problems, a methodology is presented that uses the econometric model to predict the joint condition. The joint condition data have three rating levels, i.e., good, fair, and poor; and the ordered probit model is used to estimate the condition by the parameters, including age, traffic volumes, weather, skew angle, etc. Three joint types are investigated in the research: compression seal, strip seal, and integral abutment. The source data are from the 1998 bridge inspection records provided by the Indiana Department of Transportation. The estimation results confirm the findings from the previous field studies as to the parameters' influence on the joint condition. In addition, the results show how the developed deterioration curves can be used for comparing the performance among different types of joints and being incorporated into the life-cycle cost analysis. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge management systems KW - Compression seals KW - Deterioration KW - Econometric models KW - Expansion joints KW - Integral abutments KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Probits KW - Strip seals UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644491 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941381 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Klatter, H E AU - Van Noortwijk, J M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LIFE-CYCLE COST APPROACH TO BRIDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 179-188 AB - The Dutch Directorate General for Public Works and Water Management is responsible for management of the national road infrastructure in the Netherlands. Structures such as bridges and tunnels are important structures in the road network and largely determine the functionality of the road network as well as necessary maintenance budgets. A methodology for a probabilistic life-cycle cost approach to bridge management was applied to the concrete highway bridges in the Netherlands. The Dutch national road network contains over 3,000 highway bridges, most of which are 30 years old or more. The annual maintenance cost of these bridges is a substantial part of the total maintenance cost. The question arises of when to carry out bridge replacements. A fundamental solution is to take a life-cycle cost approach with costs of maintenance and replacement and service lifetime as key elements. Maintenance strategies were drawn up for groups of similar elements, such as concrete elements, preserved steel, extension joints, and bearings. The structures were categorized into generic types, each with its own maintenance characteristics. For each structure, the maintenance cost was estimated on the basis of the life-cycle cost analyses of the underlying elements. After aggregation over the entire stock, this process eventually led to the maintenance cost on a network level. To calculate the life-cycle cost, lifetime distributions for concrete bridges were determined, and the expected cost of replacing the bridge stock was computed. The uncertainty in the lifetime of a bridge can best be represented with a Weibull distribution, which can be fit on the basis of aggregating the lifetimes of demolished bridges (complete observations) and the ages of current bridges (right-censored observations). Using renewal theory, the future expected cost of replacing the bridge stock can then be determined while taking into account current bridge ages and the corresponding uncertainties in future replacement times. The proposed methodology has been used to estimate the cost of replacing the Dutch stock of concrete bridges as a function of time. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management KW - Bridge management systems KW - Concrete bridges KW - Highway bridges KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance costs KW - Netherlands KW - Replacement costs KW - Service life KW - Weibull distributions UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644483 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941383 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Chajes, M J AU - Shenton, H W AU - O'Shea, D AU - Chaudhri, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BRIDGE TESTING TO ENHANCE BRIDGE MANAGEMENT IN DELAWARE PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 201-203 AB - In most cases, assessments of bridge condition are based on visual inspections, and bridge ratings are determined by simple analytical methods without use of data on bridge response. Estimates of bridge load-carrying capacity generated in this manner tend, for good reason, to be fairly conservative. Reliable assessments of condition are essential to ensure the safety of the traveling public. Furthermore, because load-carrying capacity is often used to prioritize bridges for repair, rehabilitation, and replacement and funds for these actions are limited, it is more important than ever that these estimates be as accurate as possible. To achieve this goal, researchers at the University of Delaware have been working with engineers at the Delaware Department of Transportation to improve the state's ability to evaluate a wide range of bridges through a variety of field-testing methods. The study produced an overview of field-testing methods and of the impact of testing on bridge management in Delaware. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bridge management KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridge rating KW - Bridge replacement KW - Condition surveys KW - Delaware KW - Field tests KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Strategic planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644485 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941385 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gurenich, D I AU - Robert, W E AU - Courant, N A AU - Marks, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SYNTHESIS OF ELEMENT CONDITION DATA FOR AGGREGATE ANALYSES IN BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 219-228 AB - In bridge management systems such as Pontis, owned by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and the National Bridge Investment Analysis System (NBIAS), owned by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), a preservation policy specifies the optimal action to be taken in each condition state for each structural element that may exist on a bridge. Application of an optimal preservation policy requires element-level data for the bridges in an inventory. Working with FHWA, Cambridge Systematics has developed NBIAS to analyze bridge needs at a national level with an element-level approach. To take advantage of the strengths of the element-level approach without the benefit of complete element-level data, Cambridge Systematics and FHWA have developed a set of models for synthesizing element-level data for individual bridges from information recorded for these bridges in the National Bridge Inventory. These synthesis, quantity, and condition (SQC) models use the available data to predict which elements are likely to exist on a bridge, the approximate quantities of each element, and their condition. The SQC models used in NBIAS were developed by combining engineering judgment and statistical analysis of a sample set of approximately 14,000 bridges. The results of this research may enable agencies to perform aggregate analysis of bridge needs without complete element-level data and to validate their element-level data collection programs. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management systems KW - Bridge preservation policy KW - Data collection KW - Element-level approach KW - Engineers KW - Judgment (Human characteristics) KW - National Bridge Inventory KW - National Bridge Investment Analysis System KW - Pontis (Computer program) KW - Statistical analysis KW - Structural elements UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644487 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941390 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - CANISIUS, TDG AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STRUCTURAL PATCH REPAIR OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES: TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RISK-BASED IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURE PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 266-274 AB - A repaired bridge has to fulfill strength and durability criteria to achieve a specified safe and useful design life with expected levels of maintenance. During structural patch repair, the structural behavior of a concrete member can change during the excavation of old concrete and in subsequent replacement with new material, and this behavioral change needs to be considered before carrying out the repair. Currently, little guidance is available on the redistribution of stresses within a reinforced concrete structure during and after such repair. Also, there are different views among engineers on whether a structure should be propped or left unpropped during patch repair. However, structural properties and loading conditions are not the only factors important for achieving a successful repair operation. It is not only the stresses present during and after repair that affect the short- and long-term behavior of a repaired structure but also other aspects, such as environmental conditions and compatibility of repair material with original concrete. As the effects of these many facets of patch repair on the behavior of a structure are different, it is difficult to make decisions by comparing them directly. Thus, a risk-based methodology is suggested to help in decision making related to the implementation of patch repair. Discussed are the importance of a risk-based approach to structural patch repair implementation and the parameters to be considered in developing such a methodology. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Decision making KW - Environmental conditions KW - Patching KW - Patching mortar KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Repairing KW - Risk analysis KW - Stresses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644492 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941379 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Johnson, M B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONDITION-BASED BRIDGE ASSET VALUATION PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 149-153 AB - Understanding the relative value of infrastructure assets such as roadways, bridges, and other transportation facilities is important when making decisions regarding the allocation of funding across different infrastructure types. The criterion used to allocate available funds is generally a function of identified needs weighed against a required service level or political process. By understanding the relative value of the various infrastructure assets, better decisions can be made in the split of preservation funds. In addition to the benefits in the preservation fund allocation process, new requirements coming from the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) Statement 34 have required bridge owners to provide a value for all major infrastructure assets constructed after June 30, 1980. To comply with the requirements of GASB 34, the California Department of Transportation has developed a methodology for asset valuation that is based on the various materials, design types, and current condition of the bridges in the state. The procedure developed to assess the value of the state-owned bridges in California is described. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Asset management KW - Bridge management KW - Bridge management systems KW - California KW - California Department of Transportation KW - Condition surveys KW - Decision making KW - Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statement 34 KW - Valuation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644481 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941377 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Anidi, D AU - Centore, A AU - DeMarco, D B AU - Harrison, F D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CUSTOMIZATION OF THE PONTIS BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A TRANSIT AGENCY PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 128-135 AB - The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA), the nation's sixth largest mass transit system and the oldest continuously operating light rail system in the country, has recently customized a version of Pontis--the most widely used program for bridge management for use with transit structures. This implementation addresses the specific needs of MBTA for managing the maintenance and reconstruction of highway, rail, and pedestrian bridges. Key customization activities include extension of the MBTA database to include information specific to rail bridges; new structure lists to facilitate views of the bridge network by line and bridge type; development of an inspection applet that allows MBTA to continue use of its existing inspection forms--the applet supports several different inspection types for highway, rail, and pedestrian bridges, including routine, fracture critical, and underwater inspections; and development of an applet to store information about utilities on each bridge. The MBTA experience provides an example of how Pontis customization can provide a quick and cost-effective bridge management solution for transit properties. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management systems KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Customization KW - Inspection KW - Light rail transit KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Pontis (Computer program) KW - Public utilities KW - Railroad bridges UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644479 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941371 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - BAKKER, J D AU - VOLWERK, J J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TISBO INFRASTRUCTURE MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: INTEGRATING INSPECTION REGISTRATION AND MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 61-69 AB - To practice output management, a more transparent and balanced determination process and a higher quality of justification for nationally desired maintenance budgets were required by the government of the Netherlands. Output management aims at allocating and justifying resources in relation to social demands or desired performance. With the aim of integrating functional, economical, and technical considerations into a standardized and transparent management process, the Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works, and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat) is in the last stages of developing an Infrastructure Maintenance Management System, named TISBO. This computer program integrates inspection registration and maintenance management to produce rationalized and justified short- and long-term maintenance programs and required maintenance budgets on a local, regional, and national level in a controlled and transparent fashion. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management systems KW - Budgeting KW - Federal government KW - Infrastructure KW - Inspection KW - Local government KW - Long range planning KW - Maintenance management KW - Netherlands KW - Regional government KW - Rijkswaterstaat KW - Short range planning KW - TISBO (Computer program) UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644473 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941372 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Thompson, P D AU - Sobanjo, John O AU - Kerr, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FLORIDA PROJECT-LEVEL MODELS FOR PONTIS PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 70-84 AB - In 2002 the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) developed a project-level bridge management decision support model to complement the existing network-level functionality of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials' Pontis. This work was done as part of a series of research projects FDOT has undertaken in recent years to adapt Pontis to its own management processes and to build useful functionality on top of Pontis to fill unmet needs. In previous efforts, FDOT had developed a new user cost model, with emphasis on accident risk; a new model of maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation costs; and a new set of transition probabilities for the Pontis element-level deterioration model. All of these models were designed to fit within the existing network-level analytical framework of Pontis. In the current project, the Pontis analysis has been significantly extended to better serve the needs of project-level decision making. A graphical decision support tool was developed to help the engineer explore the economic tradeoffs of scoping and timing inherent in project-level decisions. Developed in Microsoft Excel and Visual Basic, the tool uses Pontis network-level results for policy guidance and long-term economic consequences of actions, and draws on the Pontis inventory and inspection process supplemented with FDOT enhancements. A new analytical process was developed to generate candidate alternatives that are tailored to FDOT policies and that explore the range of practical scope and timing alternatives. Using the graphical presentation, engineers can quickly grasp the economic structure of each individual bridge and incorporate this perspective into their decision making. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management systems KW - Decision support systems KW - Economics KW - Florida Department of Transportation KW - Graphical user interfaces KW - Policy KW - Pontis (Computer program) KW - Project management UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644474 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941368 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - VESIKARI, E AU - Soderqvist, M-K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LIFE-CYCLE MANAGEMENT OF CONCRETE INFRASTRUCTURES FOR IMPROVED SUSTAINABILITY PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 15-28 AB - The LIFECON Life-Cycle Management System (LMS) is a European model of a predictive and integrated LMS for concrete infrastructures. It is generic in nature and will be suitable for different categories of structures, from buildings, bridges, and nuclear power plants, to lighthouses. LIFECON LMS has two planning phases: long term and short term. The system is also divided into three levels of structural hierarchy: component and module, object, and network. The component- and module-level system addresses structural components such as beams and columns and their combinations in modules. The object-level system deals with complete structures or buildings. The network-level system treats networks of objects such as stocks of bridges or buildings. The LIFECON LMS is capable of considering the many requirements and aims involved in decision making. Besides a structure's observed condition and evaluated urgency of repair, many other requirements should be taken into account, such as life-cycle costs, user costs, minimum requirements of structural performance, structural risks, traffic and other operational requirements, aesthetics, environmental risks, and ecological pressures. Thus, the method of multiple-attribute planning is applied on all hierarchical levels of the system. The life-cycle analysis and optimization module involves the data applications for studying the economy of the life cycle and cost-effectiveness of optional maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation strategies. Alternative strategies are compared as life-cycle activity profiles over a defined time frame. The purpose of life-cycle analyses is to find the optimal activity profiles to reach the targets. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management systems KW - Concrete bridges KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Decision making KW - Europe KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Long range planning KW - Multiple criteria decision making KW - Optimization KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Short range planning KW - Strategic planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644470 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941375 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Marshall, A R AU - Hackforth, C AU - Scherschligt, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SYNCHRONIZING AN AGENCY'S BRIDGE INFORMATION BETWEEN MULTIPLE VENDOR SYSTEMS: KANSAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION APPROACH PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 102-111 AB - The Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) has implemented the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials' (AASHTO's) Pontis Bridge Management System in its Bridge Management Section, where the AASHTO product serves a number of important roles in managing the state's structures. At the same time, KDOT has implemented Exor Corportation's Highways product, which provides a Structures Manager module for bridge information, where data created and managed within the Pontis system must also be stored and changed. KDOT business practices mandate that new structures be set up initially within the Exor Highways software and be transmitted to the Bridge Management Section for incorporation in the Pontis database. In attempting to maintain data consistency and high levels of availability across disparate software systems, KDOT faces challenges very similar to those of other transportation agencies. To facilitate the transmission process and eliminate significant staff intervention wherever possible, a suite of automated data synchronization brokerage routines has been created by KDOT that periodically synchronizes all changes for shared data items between the two software systems. A combination of Oracle database procedures effects this synchronization nightly and generates automatic reports with database log tables and e-mail notification to track data exchange activities. The organization of the synchronization system is described within the context of KDOT business rules, the data organization of the separate software packages, and user requirements. The results of a period of active service for the brokerage software were reviewed to identify benefits realized or anticipated, difficulties encountered, and potential improvements to the system that KDOT may undertake in the future, including application of extensible markup language technology to enhance and strengthen the brokerage mechanism. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Automated data synchronization KW - Bridge management systems KW - Data integration KW - Exor Corporation Highways (Software) KW - Kansas Department of Transportation KW - Pontis (Computer program) UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644477 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941367 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Adey, Bryan T. AU - BRUHWILER, E AU - HAJDIN, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUPPLY AND DEMAND SYSTEM APPROACH TO DEVELOPING BRIDGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: COMPARISON WITH TWO EXISTING APPROACHES PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 3-14 AB - Optimal management strategies for a group of bridges that may incur damage from flooding during a 15-year period were determined using three approaches, and then the strategies were compared. The three approaches are the supply and demand system approach and two approaches used in existing bridge management systems: the supply bridge approach and the supply and demand bridge approach. The comparison investigates the approaches' abilities to determine optimal management strategies when multiple bridges are likely to be affected simultaneously. With probabilistic concepts, the likelihood of inadequate service resulting from the damage was determined. The comparison shows that when bridges may be adversely affected simultaneously, the use of the supply and demand system approach can result in increased savings as compared with both the supply bridge approach and the supply and demand bridge approach. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management systems KW - Flood damage KW - Management KW - Optimization KW - Strategic planning KW - Supply and demand system approach UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644469 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941374 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kuznetsov, V M AU - Tseitlin, G AU - Hitrov, V A AU - Zaitchik, J U AU - Brodski, G AU - Brodskaia, E AU - Enutin, Y A AU - Shesterikov, V I AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR CITY OF MOSCOW PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 96-101 AB - The Moscow Bridge Management System (MOST) provides oversight for approximately 850 structures, including bridges, overpasses, tunnels, embankments, and pedestrian crossings. MOST contains the software necessary for inspecting structures taking into account their deterioration, for servicing structures, and for planning the optimal strategy for maintenance and repair within budgetary constraints. To describe a structure, MOST employs a specially developed expandable catalog of standard structural elements (SSEs), to which correspond a deterioration model, a set of several condition states, and a set of standard repair procedures. Unlike other bridge management systems (BMSs), MOST develops a bridge's inspection plan and establishes bidirectional correspondence between bridge drawings and the list of SSEs in the database. This is extremely helpful in making adequate repair assignments. Maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation activities and their associated budget are planned and optimized from data obtained during standard inspections. Plans can be drafted for the entire network of bridges, for several selected structures, or even for a particular group of SSEs. Calculations are performed in an interactive mode, which makes it possible for the user to change coefficients and criteria in relation to specific conditions. Through implementation of this BMS, municipal services of the Moscow government have gained the ability to objectively evaluate the condition of city structures and optimize planning for long- and short-term repair activities. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management systems KW - Budgeting KW - Drawings KW - Inspection KW - Interactive computer systems KW - Moscow (Russia) KW - Optimization KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Standard structural elements KW - Strategic planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644476 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941376 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Thompson, P D AU - Ellis, R M AU - Hong, K AU - Merlo, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTATION OF ONTARIO BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 112-127 AB - Development of the Ontario Bridge Management System (OBMS) began in 1998 and proceeded into the first steps of implementation in 2000. Implementation began with the bridge inspection and data management features, which are used heavily by inspectors in ministry regional offices as well as by consultants. Analytical features of the software, to be used by headquarters and regional offices, were completed in 2002, and their implementation is now under way. OBMS was designed with equal priority given to project-level and network-level functionality, but the implementation process has tended to favor the project level so far. Innovative features for navigating the data about each bridge, including photos, documents, and commentary, were completed first and have been well received in conjunction with a new element-level bridge inspection manual. The inventory is fully populated (except for smaller culverts) with a first round of inspections. The system's project-level decision support features have very flexible scoping rules, Markovian deterioration models, and a costing procedure based on the ministry's highway cost estimation system. Engineers can modify the scope and cost of a project, and predicted performance measures will be updated automatically. The OBMS network level is a graphical tradeoff analysis in which the manager can experiment with funding levels and performance targets and view immediate answers to such questions as: how much does it cost to achieve a given standard of performance, or how much performance can be purchased for a given investment? U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management systems KW - Cost estimating KW - Decision support systems KW - Graphical user interfaces KW - Implementation KW - Innovation KW - Inspection KW - Inventory KW - Investments KW - Ontario (Province) KW - Performance UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644478 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941369 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Scherschligt, D AU - Kulkarni, R B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PONTIS-BASED HEALTH INDEXES FOR BRIDGE PRIORITY EVALUATION PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 29-45 AB - The Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) has been using priority formulas for the past 20 years to select projects for major rehabilitation, modification, or replacement of roadways and bridges. The department currently uses a bridge priority formula based on National Bridge Inventory (NBI) ratings for deck and structural conditions. Since 1994, KDOT has also conducted element-level inspections for use in the Pontis Bridge Management System. To avoid duplication of data collection and better utilize the Pontis system's detailed element-level data, KDOT evaluated whether to replace the NBI ratings with the Pontis inspection data in the bridge priority formula. Pontis also offers priority rankings of bridges on the basis of cost-benefit analysis. KDOT wanted to explore whether the Pontis system should replace the bridge priority formula as the method for prioritizing bridge improvements and selecting bridges for major rehabilitation or replacement. KDOT took several approaches for determining how best to integrate Pontis into the prioritization of bridge projects. The final approach selected for implementation uses health indexes that can be derived from Pontis element-level inspection analysis. The development of this approach and its impact on evaluating bridge priorities are discussed. The current bridge priority formula and the role of NBI ratings are described in the next section. Alternative approaches to integrating Pontis data or output into evaluation of bridge priorities are presented. Bridge priorities using alternative approaches are compared, and the factors in the choice of the approach for implementation are described. The final section contains a summary and conclusions. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge management systems KW - Data files KW - Implementation KW - Inspection KW - Kansas Department of Transportation KW - National Bridge Inventory KW - Pontis (Computer program) KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Strategic planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644471 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941370 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Robert, W E AU - Marshall, A R AU - Shepard, R W AU - Aldayuz, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PONTIS BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: STATE OF THE PRACTICE IN IMPLEMENTATION AND DEVELOPMENT PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 49-60 AB - The Pontis bridge management system (BMS), a product of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, is now in its fourth major version, Release 4. Pontis continues to support the complete bridge management cycle, including bridge inspection and inventory data collection and analysis, recommending an optimal preservation policy, predicting needs and performance measures for bridges, and developing projects to include in an agency's capital plan. Transportation agencies licensing Pontis use the system in greatly varying ways and frequently have taken advantage of the system's flexibility to customize their implementation of Pontis to meet agency needs. A description is given of how U.S. transportation agencies are using the Pontis BMS, approaches taken to implementing the system, and agency-specific developments or customizations that may be of relevance to other agencies. Details are provided that include the level of use and degree of customization for agencies licensing Pontis with regard to supporting data collection and management, supporting the asset management process, and supporting other agency-specific needs. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Asset management KW - Bridge management systems KW - Customization KW - Data collection KW - Implementation KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Inventory KW - Pontis (Computer program) UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644472 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941366 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - 9TH INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE, ORLANDO, FLORIDA, APRIL 28-30, 2003 PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - 435 p. AB - This publication contains papers presented at the 9th International Bridge Management Conference. The objective of the conference was to provide a forum for the exchange of information about the state of the practice and state of the art in bridge management systems between practitioners and researchers in all levels of the public and private sectors. The papers are on the following topics: concepts, strategies, and health indexes; management system implementation; bridge management aspects of asset management; life-cycle cost considerations; bridge load testing; deterioration and reliability; utilizing the Internet; expansion joints, coating systems, etc.; scour modeling and experiences; safety and serviceability; performance measures and reliability; expert systems and uncertainties; and concrete deterioration. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Asset management KW - Bridge management KW - Bridge management systems KW - Coatings KW - Conferences KW - Deterioration KW - Expansion joints KW - Expert systems KW - Implementation KW - Internet KW - Life cycle costing KW - Load tests KW - Performance KW - Performance measurement KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Scour KW - Serviceability KW - State of the art KW - State of the practice KW - Strategic planning KW - Uncertainty UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644468 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00941373 JO - Transportation Research E-Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Thompson, P D AU - Campbell, J AU - Duray, J AU - Marshall, Alec M AU - Robert, W AU - Aldayuz, J AU - Hurst, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTEGRATION OF AASHTO'S BRIDGEWARE PRODUCTS PY - 2003/04 IS - E-C049 SP - p. 85-95 AB - The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) BRIDGEWare Task Force has launched an effort to link its bridge-related software products--Pontis for bridge management, Virtis for load rating, and Opis for bridge design--into an integrated suite of tools to be known as BRIDGEWare. The three software systems share many features, including a common client-server architecture and several individuals who have served on all three projects over the years. The task forces overseeing the products were recently merged. In 2002 development was completed of an integrated database and new versions of all three products to operate on this database. The BRIDGEWare Strategic Plan anticipates that, for the foreseeable future, the three products will remain separate for project management and licensing purposes but will gradually develop useful linkages through adoption of common standards and tools. For example, all products will share a common eXtensible markup language schema for data interchange and Internet-enabled functionality. Initially this standard will be put to work in an integrated report writer that can extract and merge data from any of the three systems. Shared capabilities for security and document management are also in the works. In the long term, the potential for exploiting this linkage is exciting and includes incorporation of life-cycle costs from bridge management into bridge design; greatly enhanced cost estimation for bridge construction and rehabilitation; incorporation of seismic, fatigue, and scour analysis in bridge management; and integration of freight movement operational policies, including permit management, with bridge design and management. U1 - 9th International Bridge Management ConferenceTransportation Research Board, Federal Highway AdministrationOrlando, Florida StartDate:20030428 EndDate:20030430 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge management systems KW - Cost estimating KW - Databases KW - Electronic data interchange KW - Integrated data KW - Internet KW - Life cycle costing KW - Load factor KW - Opis (Computer program) KW - Permits KW - Pontis (Computer program) KW - Virtis (Computer program) UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec049.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939330 AU - Chong, S-L AU - Yao, Y AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LABORATORY EVALUATION OF WATERBORNE COATINGS ON STEEL PY - 2003/04 SP - 44 p. AB - Ten commercial waterborne coatings formulated for protecting new steel (SSPC-SP 10) from corrosion were evaluated; they included five acrylic coatings, four epoxy coatings, and one polyurethane coating. The volatile organic compound content of all these waterborne coating materials was below 300 grams per liter. Several key chemical and physical properties were determined to investigate their effect on coating performance. In general, the binder-to-pigment weight ratio stayed above 1.0 for acrylic primers but remained below 1.0 for epoxy primers. A rapid infrared spectroscopic technique was developed in this study to distinguish styrene-modified acrylics from unmodified acrylics (vinyl acrylics). It was found that unmodified acrylics performed better than styrene-modified acrylics in terms of corrosion resistance at scribe. Most of the acrylic primers contained zinc phosphate that was otherwise not present in the epoxy primers. Virtually all the waterborne coatings showed adhesion strengths greater than 14 mega pascals. Both laboratory and outdoor tests were conducted for the performance evaluation. Two 3,000-h cyclic laboratory tests consisted of freeze, UV/condensation, salt-fog/dry-air cycles but 2 different salt solutions were used to generate salt fog-0.35 percent ammonium sulfate plus 0.05 percent sodium chloride (test A) and 5 percent sodium chloride (test B). Another set of test panels was exposed at Sea Isle City, NJ for 2 years for comparison purposes. Topcoat gloss and topcoat color all changed significantly after the tests. In general, little coating surface failures were observed, but all the coating systems developed creepage at an intentional scribe. The scribe creepage was used as the main parameter to compare coating performance; it was found to grow linearly with test time after the first detection time in all cases. The test results showed that the waterborne coating systems performed poorer than the zinc-rich systems. For the waterborne coatings, the performance ranked in the order of acrylics > epoxy > polyurethane. The performance of the currently used waterborne acrylic formulations has been significantly improved and the results are competitive with the best performing solvent-borne acrylic and epoxy barrier coatings. Furthermore, it is encouraging that properly formulated two-coat acrylic and epoxy systems can perform as well as generically-similar three-coat coating systems with different formulations. The analysis of the test results showed strong discrimination against zinc-rich systems by test A but not by test B. The cyclic freeze/UV-condensation/salt fog-dry air test that used 5 percent sodium chloride solution to generate salt fog was found to produce coating performance similar to that in salt-rich environment including zinc-rich and waterborne coatings. KW - Acrylic resins KW - Adhesive strength KW - Coatings KW - Corrosion protection KW - Creep KW - Epoxy coatings KW - Laboratory tests KW - Metals KW - Performance KW - Polyurethane resins KW - Steel KW - Water KW - Zinc UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/structures/03032/index.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731002 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460876 TI - A Guide for Including Access Management in Transportation Plans AB - The objective of this research is to produce a guide for transportation policymakers and practitioners on how to incorporate access management into transportation plans. The scope of this study includes statewide, metropolitan, local, and rural regional transportation plans. KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Decision making KW - Guidelines KW - Management KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Policy making KW - Research projects KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=922 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229094 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01370214 AU - Ostria, Sergio J AU - ICF Consulting AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of U.S. Commercial Motor Carrier Industry Challenges and Opportunities PY - 2003/03/31 SP - n.p. AB - The U.S. commercial motor carrier industry is facing a number of challenges that threaten to erode its productivity and compromise the high level of service currently provided to shippers. Heightened security presents a challenge, particularly for carriers of hazardous materials. Marketplace shifts and deteriorating transportation system performance can contribute to difficult operating conditions for motor carriers. Other challenges include regulatory actions concerning safety and the environment that could potentially impose significant cost and service disruptions on trucking companies. Because the motor carrier industry is so vital to the U.S. economy, these challenges demand attention. The purpose of this study is to identify and assess the challenges, and to discuss possible public and private sectors strategies to mitigate their negative effects. The remainder of this section presents an overview of the study findings, focusing on possible solutions. Section 2 presents an overview of the commercial motor carrier industry, including a description of the industry’s principal segments, their basic operating characteristics, and some data on the size and level of activity of the various segments. Section 3 describes the study methodology, including the selection of issues for analysis and the characteristics of the organizations that were interviewed as part of this work. Sections 4 – 11 discuss each of the major challenges and issues assessed in the study, including the causes of the issue and its effects on the motor carrier industry, possible solutions, and needs for additional research. According to the motor carrier industry experts interviewed for this study, the issues that pose the greatest threat to trucking productivity and service quality are: rising insurance costs, changes to the hours of service rule, and fuel price volatility. Nearly all interviewees placed these three issues near the top of the list in terms of importance. Interviewees identified three other issues as being somewhat less pressing but potentially having significant negative effects: urban congestion, new emissions and fuel standards, and driver waiting and loading times. KW - Challenges KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Hours of labor KW - Insurance rates KW - Level of service KW - Motor carriers KW - Motor fuels KW - Prices KW - Trucking UR - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/publications/eval_mc_industry/index.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1137195 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00968298 AU - Soot, S AU - DiJohn, J AU - Christopher, E AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Metropolitan Transportation Support Initiative AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMMUTING IN THE CHICAGO AREA: EMERGING TRENDS PY - 2003/03/28 SP - 13 p. AB - As part of the decennial census the Census Bureau collects information on where we live and where we work. Using these data the authors will show that from 1970 to 2000 the Chicago area experienced an evolutionary change in economic activity and traffic. As will be seen, several existing trends were extended, some new ones emerged while others demonstrated a marked shift. This report provides a brief overview of the most noteworthy changes in commuting patterns since 1970. It highlights a substantial decline in bedroom communities. All of the collar counties experienced major increases in commutes to the county. DuPage County experienced a growth of more than 100,000 commuters to the county (23%) while Lake County registered a lower growth in numbers (81,000) but a higher percentage change (33%). Now, they both import more commuters than they export. They are no longer places with stereotypical bedroom communities. More importantly, the growth in population now outpaced the growth in commuters for the first time in at least forty years. Specifically the alarms raised in the 1970s and 1980s about major increases in congestion due to expected increases in population have not materialized. Still congestion has increased with longer commutes, perhaps reflecting the increasing specialization in our labor force resulting in an expanded geographic pool from which workers are drawn. KW - Chicago Metropolitan Area KW - Cities KW - Commuting KW - Economic conditions KW - Highway traffic KW - Population movements KW - Suburbs KW - Traffic congestion KW - Travel patterns KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban areas UR - http://www.utc.uic.edu/research/reports/Co2Co9.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679141 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01547931 TI - Heat-Straightening Repair of Damaged Steel Bridge Girders: Fatigue and Fracture Performance AB - For many years, heat-straightening of damaged steel bridge girders has been more an art than a science. As a result, its use as a repair technique has been limited by concerns about its effects on the properties of the steel. Even with this limited use, heat-straightening has often proven to be an effective repair procedure. Recent research has better quantified heat-straightening in engineering terms. Key factors such as heating temperatures and patterns required for specific damage configurations as well as methods for calculating degree of damage and for predicting movement during heat-straightening are now better defined. Less certain, however, are the fracture and fatigue performance of heat-straightened steel compared to undamaged steel and the degree to which the damage and heat-straightening history of the steel affect that performance. These questions have been prompted by situations in which field-repaired beams subsequently fractured. This project will evaluate the fatigue and fracture performance of heat-straightened steel to better understand issues such as the engineering properties of repaired materials and the limits on the degree of damage reparable by heat-straightening. An upcoming pooled-fund project to be undertaken by Louisiana department of Transportation and Development (DOTD) and the Federal Highway Administration will develop criteria for the field use of heat-straightening considering the degree of damage and the required jacking forces as well as the application of this repair process to high-performance steels. The complementary work of these two projects will promote more rational use of heat-straightening for bridge steel repair. The objectives of this study are to: (1) determine the relative effects of damage and subsequent heat-straightening on the fatigue and fracture performance of steel girders; (2) identify and quantify the material and process parameters that may affect the fatigue and fracture performance of heat-straightened steel girders; and (3) establish guidelines, including limits on initial damage and critical process parameters, to minimize the potential for fracture and fatigue problems in heat-straightened steel girders. KW - Bridge design KW - Fatigue strength KW - Fracture tests KW - Girders KW - Heating KW - Heating KW - Steel KW - Straightening UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=283 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1335579 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460845 TI - Methods for Determining Transportation and Economic Consequences of Terrorist Attacks AB - The scope includes the examination of tools, methodologies, models, and other scientific methods that can aid in meeting or achieving the objectives of identifying, characterizing, and estimating the costs of certain potential transportation network disruptions, as well as to identify and prioritize potential strategic investments in strengthening adaptive responses (via guidelines). The applicability of this project is the U.S. surface transportation system, including rail, highways, maritime, sea and inland ports, waterways, and access to, but not including, airports. This study will specifically exclude references and inferences to military transportation, facilities, bases, and other homeland or national defense facilities. The panel will meet in July 2003 to review the interim report. KW - Cost estimating KW - Economic impacts KW - Investments KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - National security KW - Research projects KW - Strategic planning KW - Terrorism KW - Transportation UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=629 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229063 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459042 TI - Research for AASHTO Standing Committee on Highways. Task 171. Identification of Conflicts with AASHTO Publications Related to Clear Zone AB - This study will identify conflicts and inconsistencies on clear zone guidance contained in AASHTO publications and present the findings to the relevant AASHTO Committees so they can revise the publications. The draft report will be submitted in September. A time extension is being processed to allow time for the panel's review and comments. KW - Clear zones KW - Conflict management KW - Drafting KW - Identification systems KW - Manuals KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=509 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227254 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01032997 AU - Kravitz, Deborah AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LTAP—The Pennsylvania Local Roads Program Final Report for LTAP Maintenance and Safety Contracts PY - 2003/03/18/Final Report SP - 25p AB - This report summarizes the broad range of services provided by Pennsylvania Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) to its customers, the municipalities of Pennsylvania, during the period from August 25, 1999 through February 24, 2003. The report presents PA LTAP’s successes, as well as its continuing challenges, in providing transportation training and technical assistance to local governments. Included are the progress made to the LTAP program in the areas of technology exchange, improved T² methodologies, web development and improved IT, and the growing international partnership with Russia, while maintaining functions set forth in the operations plan. Pennsylvania LTAP continues to be one of the national leaders in transportation T². The contents demonstrate that Pennsylvania LTAP has maintained a high level of service to its customers and continues to successfully meet the challenge in transferring transportation technology to Pennsylvania’s local governments, fulfilling a much-needed service. The PA LTAP has proven to be a cost-effective program through actual evaluations, and its customers continue to give the program excellent ratings in terms of the quality of services provided. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Home pages (Websites) KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Local Technical Assistance Program KW - Maintenance KW - Partnerships KW - Pennsylvania KW - Quality of service KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Safety KW - Technology transfer KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/788573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01032994 AU - Tikalsky, Paul J AU - Schokker, Andrea J AU - Tepke, David G AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Potential Concrete Mixture Designs for the I-99 Corridor PY - 2003/03/18/Final Report SP - 7p AB - The Phase I research on Work Order #81 resulted in a compiled a list of the candidate trial mixtures proposed for the high-performance concrete bridge decks along the I-99 Corridor from Port Matilda to Bald Eagle, Pennsylvania. The candidate mixtures were chosen from more than 150 trial mixtures completed in the laboratory as part of the Stage I testing of high-performance concrete implementation for bridge deck applications in the Commonwealth. Initial test results indicate that these mixtures will be the best candidates for meeting or exceeding all of the high-performance concrete specifications pertinent to bridge decks as outlined in the previously submitted work plan. The 26 mixtures selected for further testing, as well as corresponding strength data and strength ratio data, are presented in this report. KW - Bald Eagle (Pennsylvania) KW - Bridge decks KW - Concrete KW - Concrete curing KW - High performance concrete KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mix design KW - Mixtures KW - Performance specifications KW - Permeability KW - Port Matilda (Pennsylvania) KW - Shrinkage KW - Strength of materials KW - Temperature UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/788567 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01032990 AU - Camisa, Steven J AU - Tikalsky, Paul J AU - Schokker, Andrea J AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Instrumentation and Monitoring of HPC Bridge Decks PY - 2003/03/18/Final Report SP - 18p AB - The primary focus of this research project involved the instrumentation and on-site monitoring of the construction of the eastbound Kernville Viaduct bridge deck. While the Great Bend Bridge in District 4-0 used the same protocol, the descriptions herein use the Kernville Viaduct as the example. The instrumentation serves to gather strain and temperature data from the bridge superstructure during construction and as long-term in-situ performance monitors. The monitors are used in the assessment of the quality control, construction procedures, and the performance of the deck. A detailed summary of all instrumentation and monitoring equipment and installation are included in this report. KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Concrete curing KW - Construction KW - Construction practices KW - High performance concrete KW - Instrumentation KW - Kernville Viaduct KW - Monitoring KW - Quality control KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Temperature UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/788589 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01032987 AU - Goel, Savita AU - Tikalsky, Paul J AU - Schokker, Andrea J AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Improving Concrete Mixture Designs for Reduced Shrinkage in High Performance Concrete PY - 2003/03/18/Final Report SP - 126p AB - High-Performance concrete (HPC) is the concrete designed to produce a durable structure for the specific environmental and structural conditions. In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, concrete durability of bridge decks is primarily influenced by deterioration mechanisms such as shrinkage, freeze-thaw, scaling, corrosion of embedded reinforcement bars, compressive strength, and alkali-silica reactivity. This study characterizes HPC mixtures to minimize shrinkage in the bridge decks. A shrinkage prediction model is an important tool for a design engineer, particularly when designing special structures such as very tall buildings, very long-span bridges, cooling towers, etc. This study evaluates shrinkage as per the prediction models Bazant and Baweja, 2000 (B3); Gardner, 2000 (GZ); ACI 209, 1997 (ACI) and Branson to assess their validity for high-performance concrete mixtures containing supplementary cementitious materials, chemical admixtures and low water-to-cementitious materials ratio. The results show that HPC can be economically designed to minimize shrinkage strains for concrete bridge decks. The necessary changes to current practice include the reduction in total cementitious content, increased use of ternary cementitious mixtures, rapid initial curing procedures, curing concrete a minimum of 7 days, and maintaining a modest w/cm ratio. KW - Alkali silica reactions KW - Bridge decks KW - Cement content KW - Cementitious materials KW - Compressive strength KW - Concrete curing KW - Corrosion KW - Deterioration KW - Fly ash KW - Freeze thaw tests KW - Granulated slag KW - High performance concrete KW - Mix design KW - Pennsylvania KW - Rapid curing KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Scaling (Concrete) KW - Shrinkage KW - Silica fume KW - Water cement ratio UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/788591 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969792 AU - Barbero, E J AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATING TRENCHLESS PIPELINING TECHNOLOGIES PY - 2003/03/18 SP - v.p. AB - Due to the rapid deterioration of the existing sewer collection systems in Pennsylvania, the municipalities will be required to invest heavily in the rehabilitation of sewer and storm water collection systems. Municipal engineers have two options for rehabilitation of buried sewer systems: (a) replacement and (b) trenchless lining of existing pipe. The conventional method involves digging and excavating the existing pipe and then replacing it. This method is not cost-effective and in some cases where the pipeline runs below a home or an establishment, it is difficult. The solution to this problem is found in Trenchless Pipe Rehabilitation (TPR). In trenchless lining, a polymer or reinforced polymer is applied to the inside of the existing host pipe without disturbing the soil or any above-ground facilities. For the rehabilitation of an existing pipeline, the municipality would call for bids from various manufacturers/installers. The primary goal of this research project was to write a specification document that would help the municipalities to effectively evaluate each bid that is submitted to them for a particular site and then decide on the winning bid. The specification document also provides in detail the installation procedure to be followed, the quality control test to be performed, and the list of documents to be submitted by the manufacturer/installer for the purpose of bidding, as well as post-installation submittals. KW - Bids KW - Documents KW - Installation KW - Pennsylvania KW - Quality control KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Sewers KW - Specifications KW - Storm sewers KW - Trenchless technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681657 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969790 AU - Davis, C R AU - Johnson, P A AU - Miller, A C AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS TO DETERMINE BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE PY - 2003/03/18 SP - 212 p. AB - Best management practices (BMPs) are activities, practices, maintenance procedures, and other management practices designed to prevent or reduce the pollution of air and water. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation is required to select erosion and sediment control devices from a list of approved best management practices. Some of the practices are required at all construction sites regardless of their effectiveness. The intent of this study was to develop evaluation and measurement procedures to effectively assess BMPs that are planned in conjunction with Interstate 99 construction and identify erosion and sediment control measures that are appropriate for use in a public highway environment. This report presents the progress and results obtained during Phase I of the project. The report provides a literature review, the site and parameter selection, and a preliminary set of data, as well as initial observations made by the authors at the various sites and measures. KW - Best practices KW - Erosion control KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Literature reviews KW - Road construction KW - Sediment control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969791 AU - LAMAN, J A AU - Linzell, D G AU - Leighty, C A AU - Fennema, J L AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - METHODOLOGY TO PREDICT MOVEMENT AND STRESSES IN INTEGRAL ABUTMENT BRIDGES PY - 2003/03/18 SP - v.p. AB - The primary purpose of this project was to develop and assemble remote, long-term, monitoring data acquisition systems for four integral abutment bridges in the Port Matilda, Pennsylvania area. In addition, a comprehensive literature review of previous and related studies was conducted. One bridge monitoring system was partially installed at one of the four integral abutment bridge sites and a complete weather monitoring station was constructed in the Port Matilda area. In conjunction with the bridge monitoring, numerical models of each of the four bridges were developed that may form the basis of integral abutment bridge design methodologies. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Data collection KW - Jointless bridges KW - Literature reviews KW - Mathematical models KW - Monitoring KW - Port Matilda (Pennsylvania) KW - Remote sensing KW - Stresses KW - Weather stations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681655 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964954 AU - Solaimanian, M AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MUNICIPAL PRODUCTS EVALUATIONS 2: BASE STABILIZATION WITH FOAMED ASPHALT PY - 2003/03/18 SP - 36 p. AB - The use of foamed asphalt for stabilizing the base of roadway pavements is not a new concept. The method has been used successfully in many projects. Two projects of this kind were selected for performance evaluation under a Pennsylvania Department of Transportation sponsored research program. The two municipal, low-traffic roads are located in Pennsylvania in Cecil and Peters Townships. The deteriorated roads needed rehabilitation. Therefore, they were milled, pulverized, and stabilized with foamed asphalt bases during July and August 2001. The stabilized road provided a strong base for the hot mix asphalt overlay that was placed during September 2001. During this period, construction was monitored by the research team. The roads were inspected at different time intervals for signs of distress. Loose samples from the stabilized base material were procured at the time of construction and were characterized in the laboratory. The results of evaluation indicate that the roads have been performing very well. No signs of distress have been observed on either of the roads. This research project, as well as several other projects, has indicated that base stabilization with foamed asphalt can be a very effective and economical approach for rehabilitation of deteriorated pavements. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Economics KW - Foamed asphalt KW - Inspection KW - Laboratory tests KW - Low volume roads KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Samples KW - Small towns KW - Stabilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661599 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964953 AU - Luo, Y AU - Earls, C J AU - University of Pittsburgh AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE COMPOSITE RESPONSE ASSESSMENT OF THE STEEL STRINGER-FRP DECK SYSTEM IN THE BOYER BRIDGE PY - 2003/03/18 SP - 157 p. AB - Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites have been considered as good alternatives for the repair and rehabilitation of damaged or deteriorating structures (e.g., highway bridges) recently. The present study reports on the field study of a steel stringer-FRP deck composite bridge in Pennsylvania. The objective of the study was to assess the composite action between the steel stringer-FRP deck system by evaluating the neutral axis location, the effective compression flange width and the distribution factors at service load conditions. The research results support the notion of employing a design approach, for both interior and exterior girders of a composite floor system, which is consistent with current practice related to steel girders acting compositely with concrete decking. It appears from the results that FRP decks and floors acting compositely with underlying steel girders exhibit an effective width approaching 75% of the actual girder spacing "s" for interior beams, and 90% of the total distance, made up of one half the value "s" added to the deck overhang for exterior beams. In addition, the live load distribution factors (DFs) obtained from the field tests show a very good agreement to the expected DFs for the case of steel stringers with concrete decking. KW - Bridge decks KW - Composite structures KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Field studies KW - Girders KW - Live loads KW - Load transfer KW - Pennsylvania KW - Spacing KW - Steel KW - Stringers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964892 AU - Patten, M L AU - Hallinan, M P AU - PRIBYL, O AU - Goulias, K G AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE SMARTRAVELER ADVANCED TRAVELER INFORMATION SYSTEM IN THE PHILADELPHIA METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 2003/03/18 SP - 56 p. AB - The two main objectives of this study were: (1) To determine the value of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) to drivers in the Philadelphia area; and (2) To determine the usage and awareness of the SmarTraveler service in the Philadelphia area. A survey of more than 1,100 residents in the greater Philadelphia area targeting the evaluation of travel information usage and the SmarTraveler service is presented in this memorandum. First the background and design of the survey are presented and the outcome of the process followed in conducting the study is explained. The key findings of the study include: (1) A substantial proportion of respondents seek travel information; (2) Travel information is sought when time and arrival time are critical factors; (3) Information is useful when there is bad weather and/or congestion; (4) Commercial radio is the most effective medium for disseminating travel information followed by variable message signs and television; and (5) A small percentage (13.3%) of the respondents was aware of the services provided by SmarTraveler; and of those that accessed the SmarTraveler service, there was a favorable opinion of the information provided. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Awareness KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Radio KW - SmarTraveler KW - Surveys KW - Television KW - Utilization KW - Variable message signs UR - http://www.mautc.psu.edu/docs/PSU-2001-02.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661590 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962816 AU - Stoffels, S M AU - Ganesan, V P AU - Morian, D A AU - Antle, C E AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES FOR VIDEOLOGGING AND PAVEMENT CONDITION DATA COLLECTION PY - 2003/03/18 SP - 132 p. AB - The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation contracts the videologging of its entire pavement network. This videologging includes semi-automated visual pavement condition surveys, roughness and rutting measurements, panoramic roadway and right-of-way images, and location referencing. Findings from the Long-Term Pavement Performance program, the experience of other states and provinces, and data specific to the Department's equipment and procedures have been reviewed and analyzed. Specific recommendations for quality assurance measures to be applied to the videologging data collection have been developed. The quality assurance plan includes provisions for calibration, control, blind verification, and acceptance sampling. KW - Acceptance sampling KW - Calibration KW - Condition surveys KW - Control KW - Data collection KW - Location KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Measurement KW - Pennsylvania KW - Quality assurance KW - Recommendations KW - Referencing KW - Roughness KW - Rutting KW - Videologging UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660858 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01463144 TI - Multimodal Level of Service Analysis For Urban Streets AB - The objective of this project is to develop and test a framework and enhanced methods for determining levels of service for automobile, transit, bicycle, and pedestrian modes on urban streets, in particular with respect for the interaction among the modes. This project is the first stage of what is anticipated to be a two-stage research project. Funding for the second stage of the research has not been committed. The objective of the second stage of the research would be to validate and refine the framework and enhanced methods developed in Stage 1, propose new material for future editions of the HCM and the TCQSM, and develop sample problems and initial software. KW - Automobiles KW - Bicycle travel KW - Highway capacity KW - Level of service KW - Multimodal transportation KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Pedestrians KW - Public transit KW - Research projects KW - Urban highways UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=824 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231369 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01458661 TI - Completion of 'Tests of Standards to Identify Compatible Combinations of Individually Acceptable Concrete Materials' AB - No summary provided. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Concrete KW - Identification systems KW - Materials KW - Research projects KW - Standards KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1226872 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962909 AU - Davenport, A F AU - Anderson, J A AU - Hood, M M AU - Horton, M A AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY SAFETY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING TRAINING NEEDS DATA COLLECTION AND INTERACTIVE SYNTHESIS OF OPTIONS PY - 2003/03/14 SP - 43 p. AB - The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PENNDOT) Bureau of Highway Safety and Traffic Engineering (BHSTE) identified a need to substantially update the technical knowledge base in the highway safety and traffic engineering community. A data collection activity, compiled into an interactive synthesis of options addressing necessary technical knowledge and skills for PENNDOT employees and Commonwealth-engaged engineering consultants, was developed. The researchers investigated and addressed: 1) Training and education validation processes within the traffic safety and engineering arena including certification issues; 2) Training resources, logistical coordination concerns, and technical knowledge needs; 3) A framework for discerning optional lists of knowledge priorities; and 4) The identification and review of existing literature and material germane to the highway safety and traffic engineering community's knowledge and certification, i.e., Professional Traffic Operations Engineer, needs. The key aspects of the most appropriate and pertinent training issues were assimilated into an interactive data analysis tool addressing all technical levels within the PENNDOT BHSTE community. This tool will specifically provide a framework for the user to classify technical assessment options, and to address knowledge and skill list options. KW - Certification KW - Consultants KW - Data collection KW - Education and training KW - Engineering personnel KW - Highway safety KW - Knowledge KW - Literature reviews KW - Motor skills KW - Pennsylvania KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic engineers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660936 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01458662 TI - Perform Statistical Analysis on GPS Data Collected AB - No summary provided. KW - Analysis KW - Data collection KW - Data communications KW - Global Positioning System KW - Research projects KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1226873 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00974169 AU - Tamura, T M AU - Eisinger, D S AU - Sonoma Technology, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION-RELATED AIR TOXICS: CASE STUDY MATERIALS RELATED TO US 95 IN NEVADA PY - 2003/03/07 SP - v.p. AB - This white paper provides the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) with a brief technical evaluation of the on-road air toxics issues identified by the Sierra Club, with respect to both regional and localized (hot spot) impacts, both in general and as they apply to Las Vegas. It provides answers to three broad questions: (1) What is the contribution of on-road mobile sources to regional air toxics problems? (2) What is the relative importance of on-road mobile sources to local, or hot spot, air toxic pollution problems? (3) What key on-road mobile source air toxics findings are available from the MATES-II study and how transferable are those findings from Los Angeles to Las Vegas? The white paper is organized into sections that address various aspects of the questions being raised. Section 1 provides an introduction. Section 2 provides background information regarding air toxics, with respect to both how this category is defined and how quantitative cancer risk assessments are typically conducted. Section 3 provides background information on air toxics at the regional scale, and includes a summary of the MATES-II study and its conclusions regarding regional air toxics and transportation impacts. Section 4 addresses the issue of localized air toxics impacts. Section 5 includes comments related to issues raised by the Sierra Club, including the transferability of the MATES-II findings to Las Vegas and information regarding PM2.5. Overall results and conclusions, including a summary of the comments from the Sierra Club and appropriate technical considerations, are included in Section 6. Section 7 provides references cited in this white paper. Appendix A provides additional technical information concerning the assessment of diesel particulate matter (DPM) concentrations and composition of DPM; Appendix B provides additional information with respect to the assessment of health risks from DPM; and Appendix C provides details concerning the mobile source emission factor model runs completed to compare vehicle emission factors in southern California and Las Vegas. KW - Air pollution KW - Air toxics KW - Case studies KW - Diesel engine exhaust gases KW - Health KW - Impact studies KW - Las Vegas (Nevada) KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Mobile sources KW - Particulates KW - Risk assessment KW - Toxicity UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/air_quality/air_toxics/research_and_analysis/us_95_nevada_case_study/us95nv00.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/698515 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964893 AU - Mahoney, K M AU - Porter, R J AU - Donnell, E T AU - Lee, D W AU - Pietrucha, M T AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF CENTERLINE RUMBLE STRIPS ON LATERAL VEHICLE PLACEMENT AND SPEED ON TWO-LANE HIGHWAYS PY - 2003/03/07 SP - 44 p. AB - Transportation agencies are using a variety of rumble strip patterns to improve highway safety. Previous studies have documented the efficacy of this low cost treatment in reducing certain categories of crashes. This experience and associated evaluations have led to the routine and experimental application of rumble strips in additional settings. Before implementing any strategy on a wide scale, transportation agency decision makers seek information on the probable consequences of the strategy. An evaluation of the effect a treatment has on operational characteristics can be conducted and reported in much less time than an evaluation based on crash data, although the latter is a much preferred basis for assessing safety consequences. Previous research indicated a relationship between the variance of lateral vehicle placement and crash frequency. This research investigated the effect of centerline rumble strips on lateral vehicle placement and vehicle speeds on two-lane highways through a before-after observational study. Data were collected using tapeswitches at two treatment sites and two comparison sites; lane widths were 11 and 12 ft. Data analysis and statistical testing indicate the centerline rumble strips had a significant effect on lateral vehicle placement at both treatment sites. The observed change in lateral vehicle placement was away from the centerline rumble strips at both treatment sites. Data collected at the corresponding comparison sites during the before and after periods indicate the change in lateral vehicle placement was not significant. In comparing before and after data, a significant reduction in the variance of lateral vehicle placement was found at both treatment sites; no significant change was found in the before-after variances of lateral vehicle placement for either comparison site. The study found that lateral vehicle placement in travel lanes may not be normally distributed as was previously assumed. Further evaluation of lateral vehicle placement distribution should be conducted using larger sample sizes and different roadway cross sections. Analysis of speed data did not reveal a consistent effect of centerline rumble strips on the mean or variance of the speed distribution. KW - Before and after studies KW - Center lines KW - Field studies KW - Lateral placement KW - Rumble strips KW - Speed KW - Two lane highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661591 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01032991 AU - Linzell, Daniel G AU - Laman, Jeffrey A AU - Bell, Brad AU - Bennett, Aaron AU - Colon, Jose AU - Lobo, John AU - Norton, Elizabeth AU - Sabuwala, Tapan AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - I-99 Advanced Technology Test Bed Work Order 79: Prediction of Movement and Stresses in Curved and Skewed Bridges PY - 2003/03/05/Final Report SP - 166p AB - Certain aspects of curved and skewed bridge behavior, especially during construction, are still not completely understood. There is also a general lack of field data on the behavior of these structures under both dead and live loads. The I-99 Advanced Technology Test Bed offers a unique opportunity to actually study curved and skewed bridges both during construction and while in service. A total of five bridges are being field monitored and tested in association with Work Order 79, with two of the structures being horizontally curved steel bridges and three being skewed bridges with either steel or prestressed concrete girders. This document: (1) provides a detailed review of available literature, design guidelines and specifications for curved and skewed bridges; (2) gives detailed descriptions of the structures that are being examined; (3) outlines and presents preliminary results from a companion numerical study examining the effects of geometric imperfections on curved bridge behavior; (4) presents a detailed work plan for the project; (5) discusses preliminary analyses and resulting instrumentation plans for the five field-monitored structures; and (6) discusses instrument calibration that was performed in anticipation of the field monitoring and testing. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Construction KW - Curved bridges KW - Field tests KW - Girders KW - Guidelines KW - I-99 Advanced Transportation Technology Test Bed KW - Literature reviews KW - Live loads KW - Skewed structures KW - Static loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/788568 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00973001 AU - List, G AU - Falcocchio, J AU - Meyburg, A AU - University Transportation Research Center AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - New York State Department of Transportation TI - NEW YORK CITY ARTERIAL FREIGHT STUDY - IMPACT OF FUTURE FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION NEEDS ON NEW YORK CITY PY - 2003/03/05 SP - 10 p. AB - This project focuses on planning Region 11, NYSDOT freight related actions. The Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) for New York City has needed a more accurate reflection of freight needs for network enhancement. The TIP is the list of projects approved for funding with federal monies by the Metropolitan Planning Organization, in this instance NYMTC. The City's principle arterials have been the major focus, especially in the boroughs of Kings (Brooklyn), Queens, and the Bronx. The main question has been: where would strategic investments in capacity, geometric improvements, and support services, such as Intelligent Transportation Systems, and changes in regulations affecting trucks and commercial vans have the greatest beneficial impacts on freight mobility and economic development. KW - Arterial highways KW - Capacity restraint KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Economic development KW - Freight transportation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Investments KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Mobility KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - New York (New York) KW - Planning KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation Improvement Program KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/697439 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460844 TI - Emergency Traffic Operations Management AB - An interim report was received in June 2002, and a preliminary draft final report was received in October 2003. The panel met with the research team in October 2003, and again in March 2004. The project scope was expanded subsequent to the March 2004 meeting. A preliminary draft final report was received in September 2004, and workshopped in October 2004. KW - Emergency response time KW - Emergency transportation KW - Management KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Operations KW - Research projects KW - Traffic control UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=631 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229062 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964955 AU - Boyle, M AU - Christensen, D W AU - Valley Forge Laboratories, Incorporated AU - Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MATERIALS-RELATED FORENSIC ANALYSIS AND SPECIALIZED TESTING: 4.75 MM SUPERPAVE HMA MIXES PLUS RUBBER AND RUBBER WITH ADDITIVE FOR SGC SAMPLE TESTING PY - 2003/03/03 SP - 21 p. AB - This report relates to the use of Superpave 4.75 mm Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size (NMAS) mixtures. The NMAS mixtures are suitable for thin overlay applications, such as those less than 40 mm (1.5 in.) in depth. They provide workability and positive appearance through the minimization of segregation, which are desirable qualities of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixtures. Current AASHTO standards and specifications for Superpave do not include Superpave 4.75 mm NMAS mixtures. This study analyzes three 4.75 mm NMAS HMA mixtures that were developed using the Superpave volumetric mix design method and one Pennsylvania Department of Transportation ID-2 Wearing Course mixture developed using the Marshall mix design method. The three 4.75 mm mixtures include a control (dense-graded) mixture, a mixture containing crumb-rubber additive, and a mixture containing crumb-rubber additive in combination with Vestenamer, a proprietary asphalt/crumb rubber modifier manufactured by DeGussa. KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Bituminous overlays KW - Crumb rubber KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Mix design KW - Segregation (Aggregates) KW - Superpave KW - Workability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661600 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01462983 TI - Cost-Effectiveness of Sealing Transverse Contraction Joints in Concrete Pavements AB - The objective of this project is to answer the questions of what are the effects on long-term performance of unsealed transverse joints in concrete pavements, of different sealant materials, of climate and traffic. KW - Concrete pavements KW - Contraction KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Pavement performance KW - Research projects KW - Sealing compounds KW - Traffic loads KW - Transverse cracking KW - Transverse joints UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231208 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01032992 AU - Coben, Jeffrey H AU - McKay, Mary Pat AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pennsylvania’s Graduated Driver Licensing Program PY - 2003/03/01/Final Report SP - 36p AB - Between September 1999 and January 2000, Pennsylvania implemented a strengthened Graduated Driver License (GDL) system. This new system added considerable restrictions to both the learner’s permit and junior driver phases. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of Pennsylvania’s strengthened GDL system. The evaluation consisted of a series of focus groups involving teens and their parents, a statewide survey of teens and their parents, and an analysis of crash data to determine the specific impact of the GDL system. This evaluation revealed that the implementation of Pennsylvania’s new GDL system was associated with a significant decrease in the number of teen crashes, injuries, and fatalities. This was particularly true for 16-year-olds, who are at greatest risk and who are most specifically targeted by GDL programs. The implementation of the GDL system was associated with a 28% decrease in the number of crashes involving 16-year-old drivers. For crashes involving 16-year-old drivers, there was a 48.8% decline in the number of fatal crashes, a 61.9% decline in the number of drivers killed, and a 61.0% decline in the number of individuals killed following implementation of the GDL system. The evaluation also uncovered several other important findings, which help to explain the positive results achieved and also suggest opportunities for further lifesaving interventions. KW - 16 Year olds KW - Adolescents KW - Crashes KW - Driver licensing KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Fatalities KW - Graduated licensing KW - High risk drivers KW - Injuries KW - Lifesaving KW - Parents KW - Pennsylvania KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/788598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01477762 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Arizona Department of Transportation TI - Southern Arizona Region State - Tribal Transportation Forum, Proceedings Report PY - 2003/03//Final Report SP - 104p AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), in conjunction with the ADOT Tribal Strategic Partnering Team (ATSPT), sponsored the Southern Arizona Region State-Tribal Transportation Forum to provide tribal and non-tribal government officials with an understanding of current highway funding and transportation coordination processes in Arizona. The major goals of the Forum were to: 1. Improve tribal-state-federal relations. 2. Improve tribal-state-federal coordination. 3. Improve tribal participation in the statewide transportation planning and programming processes. KW - Arizona KW - Coordination KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Highways KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Programming (Planning) KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - Tribal government UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/46000/46700/46749/Tribal_20Southern_20Final_web.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1245603 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 01442902 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Sunde, D TI - Putting the pieces together: Washington State's safety management system helps communities to reduce crash rates and save lives PY - 2003/03 VL - 66 IS - 5 SP - 40-3 KW - Accident countermeasure KW - Decision support KW - Decision support systems KW - Documentation KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Highway safety KW - Local government KW - Local government KW - Management KW - Management KW - Policy KW - Policy KW - Road safety KW - State government KW - State government KW - Traffic safety KW - Washington, USA UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03mar/07.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1210710 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 01442901 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Mathis, P TI - Behind the scenes at the Olympics [traffic management in Salt Lake City] PY - 2003/03 VL - 66 IS - 5 SP - 6-9 KW - Education KW - Education KW - Highway traffic control KW - Incident management KW - Incident management KW - Salt Lake City, Utah, USA KW - Special event KW - Special events KW - Traffic management KW - Traffic sign KW - Traffic signs KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel behaviour KW - Travel information KW - Traveler information and communication systems UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03mar/02.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1210709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01155836 AU - Bolduc, Matthew W AU - Shahrooz, Bahram M AU - Miller, Richard A AU - University of Cincinnati AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites for Repair or Retrofit of Prestressed Box Girders PY - 2003/03//Final Report SP - 226p AB - Viable retrofit schemes are necessary to delay or offset replacement of deteriorating concrete bridge members. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) pultruded plates can be especially effective when retrofitting bridge members where stiffness, fatigue resistance, ease of installation, and weathering characteristics are a concern. The research reported in Chapter 1 was undertaken to examine the influence of fatigue loading, prior cracking, and patch materials on flexural performance of reinforced concrete members retrofitted with externally bonded CFRP plates. Moreover, experimental data from the six reinforced concrete beams tested as part of this research are expected to further evaluate available design equations for external retrofitting of reinforced concrete structures. The test results do not suggest a significant effect of fatigue loads; show that existing cracks do not significantly impact the strength of retrofitted members; and indicate that patch materials can reduce the available bond strength, and require additional surface preparation. The research reported in Chapter 2 presents a novel design approach utilizing externally bonded CFRP plates developed in an attempt to overcome construction errors in a member removed from an adjacent box girder bridge. The design methodology was evaluated based on data from testing of a retrofitted girder along with previous tests on as-is girders. Test data suggest appreciable improvements in terms of load carrying capacity and stiffness of the retrofitted girder. The relatively simple retrofit plan developed could have been used to delay replacement of the deficient girders. The research reported in Chapter 3 is aimed at filling some of the gaps in the available test data through retrofitting and testing of a 18.3 m (60 ft) prestressed box girder retrofitted with CFRP composite plates with mechanical anchors. Prior research on the use of CFRPs for retrofitting of existing structures has predominantly focused on mildly reinforced concrete members, and application to prestressed members is rather limited. Moreover, data regarding performance of mechanical anchors for enhancing bond characteristics of CFRP composites are scant. After a description of the design procedure, the test data are used to evaluate the design method, current design recommendations, and performance of mechanical anchors. KW - Box girder bridges KW - Composite construction KW - Concrete bridges KW - Fiber reinforced polymers KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Repairing KW - Retrofitting KW - Strengthening (Maintenance) KW - Testing UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A52122060 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/916424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01155833 AU - Busby, Henry R AU - Wolfe, William E AU - Butalia, Tarunjit S AU - Ohio State University, Columbus AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of Composite Post-Tensioning System on Bridge SCI-23-0096, Scioto County PY - 2003/03//Final Report SP - 90p AB - Aging highway infrastructure, increasing traffic loads and the high cost of rehabilitation have combined to make novel repair methodologies increasingly attractive. Several new products now receiving attention in bridge rehabilitation are made from high strength, durable composite materials. In the current project, carbon fiber rods were affixed to a four span steel girder, concrete deck bridge. The project was divided into three phases. The first phase consisted of the installation of strain and displacement sensors on the existing structure and the measurement of deflections during controlled traffic loads. Carbon fiber rods were attached in the second phase. During the third phase the response of the newly reinforced bridge to vehicular and environmental loads was monitored. No actual improvement in bridge performance was detected after the carbon fiber rods were installed. The slight difference between the before and after deflections and strains was less than the variability that should be expected in the readings. KW - Bridges KW - Composite materials KW - Girder bridges KW - Posttensioning KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Retrofitting UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A52519484 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/916451 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01155825 AU - Zoghi, M AU - Bowman, D R AU - University of Dayton AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Structural Health Monitoring of the Tech 21 All-Composite Vehicular Bridge PY - 2003/03//Final Report SP - 132p AB - Ohio’s first all-composite bridge, christened the Tech 21 Bridge, was installed on Smith Road in Butler County in July 1997. The bridge superstructure is made entirely of continuous E-glass reinforcement in a polyester matrix. The two-lane vehicular bridge is 10.1 m long, 7.3 m wide and satisfies all pertinent American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials’ (AASHTO) design Specifications. The resulting bridge design, based on the HS20-44 Standard Truck Load and maximum live load deflection of L/800, is stiffness critical and has a surplus factor of safety in strength. Finite-element analysis (FEA) was utilized to verify the strength and deflection performance, and to determine the stress distribution throughout the bridge superstructure. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Composite structures KW - Fiber reinforced materials KW - Finite element method KW - Structural health monitoring UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A52421284 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/916435 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01155822 AU - Wolfe, William E AU - Busby, Henry R AU - Butalia, Tarunjit S AU - Ohio State University, Columbus AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluation of Composite Post-Tensioning System on Bridge COS-79-0955, Coshocton County PY - 2003/03//Final Report SP - 42p AB - Aging highway infrastructure, increasing traffic loads and the high cost of rehabilitation have combined to make novel repair methodologies increasingly attractive. Several new products now receiving attention in bridge rehabilitation are made from high strength, durable composite materials. In the current project, fiberglass rods were affixed to a 14-meter long single span concrete T-beam bridge. The project was divided into three phases. The first phase consisted of the installation of strain and displacement sensors on the existing structure and the measurement of deflections during controlled traffic loads. Composite rods were attached in the second phase. During the third phase the response of the newly reinforced bridge to vehicular and environmental loads was monitored. No actual improvement in bridge performance was detected after the fiberglass rods were installed. The slight difference between the before and after deflections and strains was less than the variability that should be expected in the readings. KW - Composite materials KW - Concrete bridges KW - Fiberglass KW - Posttensioning KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Retrofitting KW - Rods UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A52519482 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/916432 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01155821 AU - Grace, Nabil F AU - Lawrence Technological University AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Environmental/Durability Evaluation of FRP Composite Strengthened Bridges PY - 2003/03//Final Report SP - 323p AB - The experimental evaluation of the durability of RC beams externally strengthened with CFRP plates/fabrics is presented. Experimental investigation consisted of testing a total of seventy eight RC beams under various environmental conditions such as 100% humidity, dry-heat, salt-water and alkaline solutions, freeze-thaw and thermal expansion cycles, and repeated load effects. Accelerated aging procedures were used to correlate the strength and stiffness degradation as per ASTM standards. All the test beams were subjected to ultimate load test after appropriate environmental conditioning. A durability based design approach for analysis and design of externally strengthened beams is also presented. This report consists of 6 chapters as given below: Chapter 1- Introduction, Chapter 2- Literature Review, Chapter 3- Experimental Program, Chapter 4- Results and Discussion, Chapter 5- Durability based design, Chapter 6- Conclusions and Recommendations. KW - Beams KW - Bridges KW - Carbon fibers KW - Durability KW - Fabrics KW - Fiber reinforced polymers KW - Load tests KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Strengthening (Maintenance) UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A52262460 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/916433 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01079175 AU - Bennert, Thomas A AU - Maher, Ali AU - Marukic, Ivana AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Characterization of NJ HMA – Part I PY - 2003/03//Final Report SP - 33p AB - The research project encompassed developing a testing procedure to accompanying the HMA volumetric design. Currently, there does not exist a simple performance test that addresses whether or not a HMA mix will perform adequately once compacted in the field. Recent efforts through the NCHRP program has proposed a method that could be used, however, the method utilizes sample coring and cutting methods that make the test procedure highly labor intensive. Therefore, it was proposed to develop a testing method that could be conducted immediately after the mix design procedure without the need for extensive sample preparation. The test method to be used also had to have an accepted testing procedure and simulate the rutting mechanisms found in the field. A rutting criteria is proposed to be used with the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA). The APA is a loaded-wheel test that uses a 100 lb. steel wheel load applied to a 100 psi pressurized hose that lays overtop of the asphalt samples. The samples are easily compacted to a required 77mm tall and air void content of 7% using the gyratory compactor, with no need to cutting or coring. The samples are heated to a temperature of 64oC for fours hours prior to testing. After this conditioning stage is complete, the steel wheels then run back and forth over the samples for a total of 8,000 loading cycles. The total rutting that occurs after the 8,000 loading cycles is then used in the proposed pass/fail criteria. The criteria was developed by testing eleven different mix designs. Six designed for very heavy traffic, four designed for heavy traffic and one designed for medium to low traffic. Both coarse and fine gradations were used, as well a three different PG binder grades; PG64-22, PG70-22, and PG76-22. The results of the testing allowed for the construction of the criteria based on the design gyration number. The rutting criteria was verified in the laboratory by using the NY/NJ Port Authority’s Heavy Volume Mixes (HVM), as well as other industry mixes. However, as to this date, field verification has not been conducted. KW - Air voids KW - Asphalt Pavement Analyzer KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Gyratory compaction KW - Heavy traffic KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Mix design KW - New Jersey KW - Pavement design KW - Rutting UR - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/FHWA-NJ-2002-027.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/836526 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074553 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Appalachian Corridor I-66 from US 23 in Pike County Kentucky to the King Coal Highway in Mingo County West Virginia : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/03//Volumes held: Draft, F KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833947 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074428 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - State Route 22/West Orange County Connection : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/03//Volumes held: Draft(2v), F(4v) KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833822 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074291 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - State routes 78/111 Brawley Bypass, Imperial County: environmental impact statement PY - 2003/03//Volumes held: Draft, F KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01042094 AU - Ozbay, Kaan AU - Bartin, Bekir AU - Rutgers University, Piscataway AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Development of a Simulation Model of an ITS Corridor PY - 2003/03 SP - 98p AB - In this project, the South Jersey highway priority corridor is chosen as the evaluation network. From historical observations, it is well known that South Jersey highways have already reached high traffic congestion levels. This is especially evident during the morning peak hours due to the demand originating from Camden County destined to the Philadelphia business district. A detailed simulation model of the South Jersey highway network is developed using PARAMICS micro simulation software. Several Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) scenarios, such as vehicle routing using variable message signs and ramp metering, are evaluated. The cost/benefit analysis of these technologies is also performed based on the simulation results. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Camden County (New Jersey) KW - High volume roads KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Microsimulation KW - Paramics (Computer program) KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Ramp metering KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic sensors KW - Traffic simulation KW - Transportation corridors KW - Variable message signs UR - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/FHWA-NJ-2003-018.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/798561 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01032949 AU - Chowdhury, Mashrur AU - Derov, Nichole AU - Tan, Paulin AU - University of Dayton AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Evaluating the Effects of Prohibiting Left Turns and the Resulting U-Turn Movement PY - 2003/03//Final Report SP - 36p AB - The objective of this research was to evaluate the operational and safety effects of restricting direct left turns from a driveway and providing alternatives to accommodate the left turn deterred traffic. This study was conducted in three phases: survey of state agencies, operational analysis, and safety assessment. Very little operational difference was found between no restrictions on direct left turns versus the restrictions with the U-turn alternative movements from site to site. While changes in the traffic volumes on the mainline had an impact in specific instances, no definite trends were apparent. As a result of all findings in this study, it is proposed that alternatives must be evaluated on a site-by-site basis. This study also found the jughandle design to be a superior alternative for accommodating left-turn deterred traffic for multi-lane divided and undivided sites compared to mid-block or intersection U-turns. The safety assessment revealed that a right turn followed by a U-turn movement is safer than the direct left turn. KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Driveways KW - Highway safety KW - Jughandle intersections KW - Left turns KW - Multilane highways KW - Operational analysis KW - Surveys KW - Traffic volume KW - U turns UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A51940742 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/788286 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001561 AU - Ghorbanpoor, Al AU - Benish, Neal AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Non-Destructive Testing of Wisconsin Highway Bridges PY - 2003/03//Final Report SP - 108p AB - The management of in-service bridges throughout the United States is an important task. An effective assessment of the condition of these bridges is an essential requirement for this task. Nondestructive evaluation can be an effective tool in the inspection and condition assessment of bridge structures. It can provide knowledge that may not be possible to deduce from visual observation alone. The integration of both visual and nondestructive inspection methods is key to complete bridge condition assessment and management. Once a full representation of the overall bridge condition is determined, appropriate and economical decisions regarding the possible rehabilitation or replacement of bridge members or the entire structure can be made. In this report, the basic inspection techniques for reinforced concrete, prestressed or posttensioned concrete, and steel bridge structures are discussed. Guidelines relating common flaws identified during visual inspection to appropriate nondestructive testing techniques are provided in this report as they can provide an effective aid to those responsible for bridge inspection. The guidelines included in this report would help the maintenance personnel and bridge engineers to obtain a more complete visualization of bridge structure condition. KW - Condition surveys KW - Decision making KW - Guidelines KW - Highway bridges KW - Inspection KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Posttensioning KW - Prestressed concrete bridges KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Replacement (Bridges) KW - Steel structures UR - http://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/6889/05%2007.pdf UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/00-15nondestructivetesting-f.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56100/56178/WI-00-15NONDESTRUCTIVETESTING-F.PDF UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/757399 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01001433 AU - Bennert, Thomas AU - Maher, Ali AU - Gucunski, Nenad AU - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - Evaluation of Modified Binders PY - 2003/03//Final Report SP - 213p AB - The report pertains to the laboratory evaluation of hot mix asphalt modifiers (HMA-M). These modifiers are defined as materials that are added to hot mix asphalt (HMA) to improve its working capacity, whether for permanent deformation, fatigue/low temperature cracking, or both. The HMA-M is not a standard, approved material for the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT). They are typically materials that customers bring to the NJDOT, with the understanding that the HMA-M would improve the working capacity of the HMA. However, the extent of the improvement is unknown. Therefore, a methodology to evaluate the extent of the improvement was necessary. And since the additives involved in this study claimed to aid in the rut resistance of the HMA, the performance testing focused on the mixes' resistance to permanent deformation. A total of six binders were evaluated in the study. Three of the binders were NJDOT approved materials and were used as baseline comparisons. They were a PG64-22 from Citgo, and a PG76-22 from both Citgo and Koch Materials. The three HMA-M evaluated in the study were: (1) Eastman's EE-2 polymer additive, (2) Creanova's Vestoplast polymer additive, and (3) Hydrocarbon Technology's Carbon Black. The HMA-M were added to the PG64-22 baseline sample by using the manufacturer's recommended procedures. This allowed for the direct comparison between the initial mix (PG64-22) and the modified mix. The two PG76-22 mixes were used as a high end comparison. All additives and binders were mixed to make a 12.5mm Coarse Superpave mix designed for heavy traffic (3 to 30 million ESALs). The compacted samples were tests in the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA), Superpave Shear Tester (SST), under the Repeated Shear (RSCH), Frequency Sweep (FSCH), and Simple Shear (SSCH) test modes. The results showed that the SST test was extremely useful at evaluating HMA-M for stiffness, creep, and permanent deformation. RSCH and APA results compared favorably, as did the FSCH and binder test results. The Creanova Vestoplast HMA-M ranked as the best HMA-M tested, however, the Vestoplast did not perform as well as either of the PG76-22 mixes. An evaluation procedure and test parameters are recommended for future use of evaluating HMA-M. KW - Additives KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt Pavement Analyzer KW - Cracking KW - Creep KW - Deformation KW - Equivalent single axle loads KW - Evaluation KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Improvements KW - Modified binders KW - Performance tests KW - PG64-22 KW - PG76-22 KW - Ruts (Pavements) KW - Stiffness KW - Superpave UR - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/FHWA-NJ-2003-017.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/757203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00988113 AU - Whitney, D AU - Etcheverry, L AU - Wheat, H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CATHODIC PROTECTION: COORDINATING CORROSION TO SAVE STATE STRUCTURES PY - 2003/03 SP - 4 p. AB - Research Project 7-2945, Performance Evaluation of Cathodic Protection Systems for Queen Isabella PR 100, evaluated the potential for use of cathodic protection for corrosion protection of the splash zone area elements in the substructure of the Queen Isabella Causeway (QIC) connecting Port Isabel, Texas, with South Padre Island, Texas. The splash zone is the area immediately above the water line where the elements go through routine wetting and drying cycles. The elements in that area that were protected by cathodic protection systems (CPSs) included footings and tie beams. Findings of the research indicated that durability of the systems was challenged much more by the harsh marine environment than by the normally anticipated electrical consumption of the anode systems. In addition, the researchers encountered many problems trying to maintain the impressed current systems and would not recommend this approach in the future. KW - Anodes KW - Bridge substructures KW - Cathodic protection KW - Causeways KW - Corrosion protection KW - Drying KW - Durability KW - Footings KW - Port Isabel (Texas) KW - Seawater KW - South Padre Island (Texas) KW - Structures KW - Tie beams KW - Wetting UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/7_2945_S.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753755 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00976004 AU - Hutter, W AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CRACK REDUCTION STRATEGIES ON A PAVEMENT WARRANTY PROJECT (INTERSTATE 25 AT FOUNTAIN, COLORADO) PY - 2003/03 SP - 32 p. AB - As part of a mandated pavement warranty pilot program, a 4-mi segment of I-25 south of Fountain, Colorado was rehabilitated during the summer of 1998. The northbound and southbound lanes were overlaid with 5 in. of hot bituminous pavement (HBP) under a warranty contract. Prior to the overlay, the roadway was milled to a depth of 1 in. over the entire project, with the exception of the first 9 test section locations (approximately 3,600 ft) where the driving lane was milled an additional 1 1/2 in. depth (trench section) and after the specific treatments were applied, the trench was overlaid with HBP. Treatments consisted of 8 crack prevention methods over the 2 1/2 in. (1 1/2 in. trench in a 1 in. milled section of the driving lane) as well as the standard 1-in. milled surface. Although a specially assigned Pavement Evaluation Team (PET) evaluated the project's performance, the Research Division became involved in the performance evaluation for the 3-year warranty period. The evaluation consisted of project inspection prior to construction, crack prevention treatments during construction, and the 3-year post-construction evaluation. Findings confirmed that the least recurrence of cracks was noticed in the "trenched" section that had the additional 1 1/2 in. hot mix pavement. Furthermore, the majority of the recurrent cracking was observed after the first year, with additional cracking becoming visible after the third year. KW - Bituminous overlays KW - Depth KW - Fountain (Colorado) KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Interstate highways KW - Milling KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement performance KW - Prevention KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Warranty UR - http://www.dot.state.co.us/Publications/PDFFiles/Warrantyreport.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/702770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00974287 AU - Younce, R AU - Palle, S AU - Hopwood, T AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MAINTENANCE PAINTING OF VARIOUS BRIDGE PROJECTS DURING 2001-2002, KENTUCKY HIGHWAY INVESTIGATIVE TASK 42 PY - 2003/03 SP - 108 p. AB - The Kentucky Transportation Center (KTC) at the University of Kentucky has performed a series of research studies for the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) to monitor various experimental bridge painting projects and conduct investigative work focusing on new paint systems. The research study presented in this report addressed experimental projects in fiscal years 2001 and 2002. KTC and KYTC Project Design Team joint efforts in 2000 into early 2001 centered on the preparation of experimental bridge maintenance painting special notes, preliminary field testing/development of new experimental paint systems and testing of proprietary and KYTC standard specification coatings. The laboratory tests identified candidate coating systems that were subsequently used in the KYTC experimental bridge maintenance painting projects conducted under this study. Developmental work focused on total removal and some overcoating systems. The objectives of experimental project monitoring were to: assess the condition of existing paint systems on bridges prior to maintenance painting, monitor the project throughout completion, note problems, describe problem resolution, appraise the condition of the final product, and report observations and/or conclusions about the project. This report begins with a summary of the coatings testing work undertaken by KTC researchers and the KYTC Project Design Team. The experimental bridge maintenance painting monitoring work is presented for each bridge in the appendices. The overall results/findings of this research study are contained in the "Conclusions" section of this report. KW - Before and after studies KW - Bridges KW - Coatings KW - Condition surveys KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Maintenance KW - Painting UR - http://www.ktc.uky.edu/files/2012/06/KTC_03_04_KH_43_01_1F.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/698050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00972260 AU - Chowdhury, A AU - Bhasin, A AU - Button, J W AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AS-BUILT PROPERTIES OF TEST PAVEMENTS ON IH-20 IN ATLANTA DISTRICT PY - 2003/03 SP - 122 p. AB - The primary objectives of this research project were to measure as-built properties of nine test pavements and populate a database to be used in a future project for evaluating relationships between pavement performance and measured properties during construction. Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Atlanta District constructed nine test sections on IH-20 in Harrison County. These sections were constructed with nine (three mixture types x three aggregate types) different mixtures as surface courses. Type B limestone mixture was used as asphaltic concrete pavement base for all nine test sections. Several agencies participated in both field and laboratory testing and data collection. Different field and laboratory tests were performed before, during, and after construction. Researchers from Texas Transportation Institute conducted several laboratory tests including asphalt pavement analyzer (APA), permeability, mixture proportion, and indirect tensile tests on both roadway cores and plant mixes. Dynamic modulus tests were conducted only on plant mix materials. Results from the tests performed by other agencies were collected for analysis and populating the database. This report documents the as-built properties. Detailed test results and as-built properties were recorded in electronic format on a compact disk and provided to TxDOT with this report. Nine test sections were grouped and ranked on the basis of their laboratory test results. All the mixtures were of good quality; so their laboratory test results were not much different from each other. Preliminary assessment reveals that field air void contents affect performance significantly, especially permeability and indirect tensile strength. Another important factor for quality control is to maintain proper asphalt content during plant production. KW - Air voids KW - Asphalt content KW - Asphalt Pavement Analyzer KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Dynamic modulus of elasticity KW - Field tests KW - Harrison County (Texas) KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mix design KW - Pavement performance KW - Permeability KW - Quality control KW - Tension tests KW - Test sections UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/697094 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969906 AU - Toppen, A AU - Wunderlich, K AU - Lappin, J AU - Petrella, M AU - Peirce, S AU - Mitretek Systems AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CORROBORATING QUALITATIVE BENEFITS OF ONLINE ATIS WITH MODELING: LOS ANGELES CASE STUDY PY - 2003/03 SP - 34 p. AB - This report documents a modeling study performed as a follow-up to a qualitative online evaluation of the Traveler Advisory News Network (TANN) and SmarTraveler traffic information web sites by researchers at the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center. The Volpe study found that users of these web sites perceived that they saved time and arrived on time more reliably as a result of accessing these web sites for real-time traffic information. As a follow-up to this qualitative study, the study presented in this paper uses an analytic approach using field data to empirically corroborate these findings. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Field data KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Real time information KW - Websites (Information retrieval) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13895_files/13895.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681032 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00968570 AU - Wolfe, P J AU - Hauser, E C AU - Richard, B H AU - Hick, J AU - Greer, M AU - Luke, B A AU - Zoghi, M AU - Wright State University AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL COLLAPSE FEATURES UNDER HIGHWAYS PY - 2003/03 SP - 135 p. AB - The overall goal of this project was to develop a reconnaissance geophysical method for locating zones in coal mine regions where a highway has the potential for collapse. The zones identified by the reconnaissance survey would then receive detailed study by drilling and additional geophysical surveys to ascertain the need for remedial action. Phase I of the project progressed through planning and data acquisition, processing and interpretation. In 1998, two sites on Ohio Route 32 were studied: one in Jackson County and the other in Vinton County. The investigated geophysical tools included ground penetrating radar (GPR), gravity, P-wave and S-wave seismic refraction, seismic reflection, and surface wave studies. The site in Jackson County was given priority because of serious concerns about potential road failure. The study of this site was completed. Drilling and subsequent excavation revealed extensive collapsing shallow coal mines. At the Vinton County site, five holes had been drilled before the geophysical surveys commenced. These holes provided limited ground truth. No holes were drilled subsequent to the surveys. The geophysical evidence was less clear at this site because the steep bedrock topography and the highway construction produced highly variable subsurface materials. The conclusion of these studies show that the most effective methods for locating potential collapse zones are P-wave seismic refraction, S-wave seismic refraction, 2D-resistivity imaging, and surface wave profiling. These methods were pursued further in Phase II. The methods that showed less promise for this particular problem were gravity, seismic reflection, GPR, and spectral analysis of surface waves. In 1999, Phase II of the project was conducted in Perry County, Ohio along State Route 13. At this site, several abandoned mine workings are located below State Route 13. Based on results from the Jackson County site, seismic refraction and 3D-resistivity imaging were judged to have the greatest potential for differentiating the subsurface locations of abandoned mine workings from those of intact rock. Both seismic refraction and resistivity recorded anomalous data at roadway locations overlying mapped abandoned mine workings. Additional zones of possible unmapped mine workings were also identified. The Phase II plan was to drill holes at selected locations to verify the geophysical results. Due to the environmental concerns of drilling into the abandoned mines at this location, the Ohio Department of Transportation decided the risks of drilling were too high and drilling was not performed. KW - Air voids KW - Bedrock KW - Collapse KW - Detection and identification KW - Drilling KW - Geophysical prospecting KW - Gravity KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Highways KW - Jackson County (Ohio) KW - Mines KW - Perry County (Ohio) KW - Reconnaissance KW - Resistivity method KW - Seismic prospecting KW - Spectral analysis of surface waves KW - Subsidence (Geology) KW - Surface wave profiling KW - Surveying KW - Vinton County (Ohio) UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A52363098 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00968294 AU - Daigle, J AU - Zimmerman, C A AU - University of Maine, Orono AU - Battelle AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACADIA NATIONAL PARK ITS FIELD OPERATIONAL TEST: BUSINESS SURVEY RESULTS PY - 2003/03 SP - 70 p. AB - Using data from surveys of businesses during the Fall of 2002, this report describes local businesses; their perceptions of tourism and relationship to Acadia National Park as well as summer travel on Mount Desert Island and in Acadia National Park. The report also describes business perceptions of the Island Explorer bus system and awareness/use as well as the benefits associated with intelligent transportation systems (ITS) components. Information was collected from businesses using a mail-back questionnaire. A total of 454 questionnaires were mailed to businesses. Businesses returned 257 usable questionnaires for a 60 percent response rate. The survey of Mount Desert Island businesses confirmed the importance of tourism to the local economy. Businesses reported multiple benefits of being situated near Acadia National Park in terms of economic potential of attracting customers as well as other benefits to the community. Business managers are concerned about summer travel on Mount Desert Island and in Acadia National Park. Clearly, many business managers believe that the Island Explorer bus system helps to address some of their concerns about summer travel on Mount Desert Island and in Acadia National Park. In assessing the impact of ITS on businesses, the evaluation revealed that businesses perceive many important benefits to users but limited economic benefit to their own business. Further support of ITS within the business community might be built on illustrating the association between use of ITS, the Island Explorer, and length of stay. KW - Acadia National Park KW - Attitudes KW - Benefits KW - Bus travel KW - Businesses KW - Economic benefits KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mount Desert Island (Maine) KW - National parks KW - Summer KW - Surveys KW - Tourism UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13864/13864.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964779 AU - Sebaaly, P E AU - Tohme, P AU - Hitti, E AU - Stansbury, K AU - Epps, J AU - University of Nevada, Reno AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASPHALT CONCRETE ANTI-STRIPPING TECHNIQUES PY - 2003/03 SP - 153 p. AB - In 1999 the South Dakota Department of Transportation initiated a research project to assess asphalt concrete anti-stripping techniques. The overall objective of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-stripping additives in reducing the moisture damage of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. The research evaluated the best method of adding lime to HMA mixtures to minimize personnel exposure and environmental impacts, determined the effectiveness of other anti-stripping additives, and developed guidelines for future use of anti-stripping additives in South Dakota. The research constructed six test sections at two locations in the eastern and western parts of the state, respectively. The test sections included none (control), lime, UP5000, and liquid anti-strip additives. The mixtures were sampled during construction and two years after construction. The moisture sensitivity of the various mixtures was evaluated in the laboratory using resilient modulus, tensile strength, resistance to permanent deformation, and resistance to thermal cracking. The analysis of the laboratory data indicated that the addition of lime has the best potential of reducing the moisture sensitivity of South Dakota's asphalt concrete mixtures. On the other hand, the two years in-service did not show any significant variations in the performance of the various treatments. Based on the data generated from this research, it has been recommended that lime on wet aggregate should be used to minimize moisture damage of asphalt concrete mixtures in South Dakota. KW - Antistrip additives KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Calcium oxide KW - Cracking KW - Deformation KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Laboratory tests KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Moisture damage KW - Moisture sensitivity KW - South Dakota KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Tensile strength KW - Test sections KW - Thermal fatigue UR - http://www.sddot.com/business/research/projects/docs/SD1999_10_Final_Report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661511 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962165 AU - Parameswaran, V N AU - Shukla, A AU - McEwen, E AU - University of Rhode Island, Kingston AU - Rhode Island Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REMOTE BRIDGE MONITORING: A SURVEY PY - 2003/03 SP - 39 p. AB - A comprehensive survey on remote bridge monitoring is reported. This includes information on the state of the art techniques employed and details of the various sensors used to monitor different parameters such as strain, deflection, corrosion, inclination and scour. The details of various bridges in Rhode Island are reviewed and typical service problems of interest for remote monitoring are identified. These include post-tension monitoring and monitoring of strain levels at diaphragm connections and cover plate welds for assessing fatigue crack susceptibility. Appropriate sensor type, configuration and monitoring schemes are suggested for these issues. Finally some recommendations based on forethought are suggested for remote monitoring and inspection of the newly proposed Providence River Bridge. KW - Bridges KW - Corrosion KW - Cracking KW - Deflection KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Inspection KW - Monitoring KW - Recommendations KW - Remote sensing KW - Rhode Island KW - Scour KW - Sensors KW - State of the art KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Structural connection KW - Surveys KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660586 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962122 AU - Xi, Y AU - Shing, B AU - Abu-Hejleh, N AU - Asiz, A AU - Suwito, A AU - Xie, Z C AU - Ababneh, A AU - University of Colorado, Boulder AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE CRACKING PROBLEM IN NEWLY CONSTRUCTED BRIDGE DECKS IN COLORADO PY - 2003/03 SP - 162 p. AB - Early age cracking on concrete bridge decks has been experienced by many state departments of transportation (DOTs). In Colorado the cracking problem on newly constructed bridge decks has not been completely solved. In this study, the extent and causes of the cracking problem were investigated, and necessary changes to alleviate the cracking problem were identified. To achieve these goals, current Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) practice was reviewed and compared with other DOTs practices for construction of bridge decks. A database analysis of field inspection results was performed. Presently, 18% of newly constructed bridge decks in Colorado have no early cracking problem, and the rest (82%) have various degrees of cracking problems. The results of the database analysis were then confirmed by field inspections conducted on nine newly constructed bridge decks. An extensive literature review was performed. Past research activities in Colorado were reviewed, current CDOT practices for controlling the bridge deck cracking problem were assessed, and recommendations to alleviate the cracking problem were identified. From the literature survey and previous research studies, the causes of cracking in newly constructed bridges can be categorized as material, design, construction, and environmental factors. High early age shrinkage of concrete is a major contributor among the adverse material factors. The cracking can also be a direct result of several structural design factors. Based on the results of field inspections, the cracks typically form above supporting members, such as girders or piers, and have large and uniform spacing. This is a result of tensile stresses from negative bending moments in the deck above supports. The construction and environmental factors (such as wind speed, temperature, and curing procedures) greatly affect the shrinkage of the concrete. Due to very limited information regarding deck curing or placement conditions, it has not been possible to determine the specific impact of these factors on early age deck cracking of the inspected bridges. Recommendations to reduce the cracking problem in newly constructed bridges in terms of materials, design, and construction factors are presented. Based on findings of Research Report No. CDOT-DTD-R-2001-11, new concrete mix designs Class H and Class HT have been implemented in the 2003 CDOT Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction. Most of the recommendations for construction of bridge decks have also been implemented in the 2003 CDOT specifications. The study recommendations for the structural design factors of bridge decks should also be implemented in CDOT Bridge Guidelines. KW - Bending moments KW - Bridge decks KW - Colorado KW - Concrete KW - Concrete curing KW - Concrete placing KW - Construction KW - Cracking KW - Environmental impacts KW - Field studies KW - Literature reviews KW - Location KW - Mix design KW - Prevention KW - Recommendations KW - Shrinkage KW - Spacing KW - Specifications KW - Stresses KW - Structural design UR - http://www.dot.state.co.us/publications/PDFFiles/newdeckcracking.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660566 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962085 AU - Callaway, C AU - Fichter, K AU - SMITH, R AU - Young, F AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION COORDINATION: LESSONS LEARNED FROM DOMESTIC SCAN TOUR PY - 2003/03 SP - 36 p. AB - Designing transportation systems that enhance mobility, economic opportunity, and community livability is a major challenge for many communities across the country. In the United States, political leaders, planning professionals, and private citizens are increasingly aware of the connections between land use policies and transportation planning. The Federal Highway Administration sponsored a domestic scan tour to learn about projects in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming aimed at successfully integrating land use and transportation planning. A delegation of Federal and local government representatives, visited these projects to collect, synthesize, and distribute information on innovative approaches to this issue. As a result of the trip, the team documented lessons learned about challenges and opportunities encountered by the projects visited, and offered recommendations that provide ideas and suggestions to be used at all levels of government, for communities across the United States investigating the interrelationships between transportation planning and land use policies. The recommendations include the meaningful involvement of key stakeholders and community participants; the use of emerging analytic and public involvement techniques to inform decision making; the consideration of a wide range of community, economic, and environmental impacts throughout the transportation process; and the importance of a close relationship between transportation and community planning. KW - Colorado KW - Decision making KW - Impact studies KW - Land use KW - Mobility KW - Partnerships KW - Public participation KW - Real estate development KW - Recommendations KW - Stakeholders KW - Study tours KW - Sustainable development KW - Transportation planning KW - Utah KW - Wyoming UR - http://www.planning.dot.gov/Documents/DomesticScan/domscan603.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660544 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962090 AU - Scullion, T AU - Guthrie, S AU - Sebesta, S AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FULL DEPTH RECYCLING IN TEXAS PY - 2003/03 SP - 188 p. AB - In the early 1990s several Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) districts started using full depth recycling (FDR) techniques to rehabilitate their roadways. A variety of stabilizers were used including cement, lime, fly ash, and asphalt emulsions. Project 0-4182 was initiated to survey the performance of the initial FDR projects, to document what successes and problems have been identified, and to develop recommendations for those districts wishing to embark on FDR programs. In this project nondestructive testing (NDT) was conducted in six districts with both the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and ground penetrating radar (GPR), visual condition surveys were completed and discussions were held with district and area office personnel. Although the majority of the pavements surveyed in this study were found to be performing well, several problems were documented. These problems include longitudinal cracking in sections built in east Texas on clay subgrades, bonding problems with primarily fly ash treated bases, and excessive cracking with some cement treated bases. To address each of these problems the TxDOT districts have developed new construction specifications and improved design criteria, which are documented in this report. Environmental factors also appear to play a big role in constructability and performance of emulsions and fly ash treated bases. Their performance has been good in west Texas and the panhandle, but they have not performed well in the high humidity/high rainfall areas of east Texas. The NDT in the project design phase to assist in the pavement design process and the heavy involvement of the district laboratory in selecting and controlling the stabilization process on a project-specific basis appear to be key factors in establishing a successful FDR program. Based on the results presented, consideration should be given to modifying the current construction specifications. KW - Asphalt emulsions KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Bonding KW - Calcium oxide KW - Cement KW - Clay KW - Condition surveys KW - Falling weight deflectometers KW - Fly ash KW - Full-depth reclamation KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Humidity KW - Longitudinal cracking KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Rainfall KW - Recycling KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Road construction KW - Specifications KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962069 AU - Gannett Fleming, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - HIGHWAY AND RAIL TRANSIT TUNNEL MAINTENANCE AND REHABILITATION MANUAL PY - 2003/03 SP - 103 p. AB - This manual provides specific information for the maintenance and rehabilitation of both highway and rail transit tunnels. Although several components are similar in both types of tunnels, a few elements are specific to either highway or rail transit tunnels and are defined accordingly. The following chapters are contained in this manual: (1) Introduction - This chapter presents a brief history of the project development and outlines the scope and contents of the Maintenance and Rehabilitation Manual; (2) Tunnel Construction and Systems - This chapter defines the following major systems: tunnel types, ventilation systems, lighting systems, and other systems/appurtenances; (3) Preventive Maintenance - This chapter provides specific recommendations for performing preventive maintenance to the tunnel structure, mechanical systems, electrical elements, track systems, and miscellaneous appurtenances; and (4) Rehabilitation of Structural Elements - This chapter offers general procedural recommendations for making structural repairs to various types of tunnel liner materials. Appendix A of this manual includes a general discussion of life-cycle cost methodology. A glossary is provided. KW - Glossaries KW - Highways KW - Life cycle costing KW - Lighting systems KW - Maintenance KW - Manuals KW - Parts of tunnels KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Rail transit KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunnels KW - Ventilation systems UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/tunnel/maintman00.cfm#s04 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/23000/23700/23727/Maint.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660539 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962068 AU - Gannett Fleming, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - HIGHWAY AND RAIL TRANSIT TUNNEL INSPECTION MANUAL PY - 2003/03 SP - 110 p. AB - This manual provides specific information for the inspection of both highway and rail transit tunnels. Although several components are similar in both types of tunnels, a few elements are specific to either highway or rail transit tunnels and are defined accordingly. The manual is organized in the following chapters: (1) Introduction - This chapter presents a brief history of the project development and outlines the scope and contents of the Inspection Manual; (2) Tunnel Construction and Systems - This chapter defines tunnel types, ventilation systems, lighting systems, and other systems/appurtenances; (3) Fundamentals of Tunnel Inspection - This chapter contains sections on inspector qualifications, inspection team responsibilities, equipment/tools, preparation, methods of access, and safety practices; (4) Inspection Procedures - General Discussion - This chapter presents recommended frequencies and specific defects to look for in each of the following categories: structural elements, mechanical systems, electrical systems, and other systems/appurtenances; and (5) Inspection Documentation - This chapter offers suggestions on how to properly record the results of an in-depth inspection. A glossary is provided. KW - Glossaries KW - Highways KW - Inspection KW - Inspection documentation KW - Lighting systems KW - Manuals KW - Occupational safety KW - Parts of tunnels KW - Rail transit KW - Reports KW - Tunnels KW - Ventilation systems UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/tunnel/inspectman00.cfm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/23000/23700/23726/inspect.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960456 AU - Janoo, V AU - Irwin, L AU - Haehnel, R AU - U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PAVEMENT SUBGRADE PERFORMANCE STUDY: PROJECT OVERVIEW PY - 2003/03 SP - 79 p. AB - Mechanistic design or evaluation of pavements requires fundamental material properties and material failure criteria as a function of load and environmental effects such as temperature and moisture content. The strength or weakness of a pavement structure is based on the performance of the subgrade. The current subgrade failure criteria used in many mechanistic design/evaluation methodologies were surmised mainly from tests that did not consider the effects of subgrade soil type or moisture content. Because of these limitations the current Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)-sponsored Subgrade Performance Study was designed to investigate and upgrade the failure criteria of subgrade materials. The project plans to study the effect of subgrade type and moisture content on the failure criteria. This international study includes testing at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, where test sections are being constructed using four subgrade types and three moisture contents and subjected to accelerated loading. The sections are instrumented with stress, strain, moisture, and temperature sensors. In this study the ambient temperature is held at around 20 degrees C. This report provides an overview of the test program and testing procedure. Subsequent reports will detail the construction of each test section, the data acquired, and the results. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Failure KW - Loads KW - Moisture content KW - Pavement performance KW - Properties of materials KW - Sensors KW - Soils KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Stresses KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Subgrade materials KW - Temperature KW - Test sections KW - Testing UR - http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA415860 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659937 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960038 AU - Kreis, D AU - O'Connell, L AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - KENTUCKY HIGHWAY RATING SYSTEM PY - 2003/03 SP - 34 p. AB - This study had two goals: (1) Formulate a new method for generating roadway adequacy ratings; and (2) Construct an appropriate data set and then test the method by comparing it to the results of the HPMS-AP method. The recommended methodology builds on the previous methodology, the HPMS-AP. However, the recommended methodology differs from the HPMS-AP in that it incorporates crash data into the adequacy rating and increases the relative weight given to indicators of roadway safety for the appropriate functional classification of highways. The software for the proposed highway rating system is in a format that permits "what if" scenarios. The comparison of the proposed method with the HPMS-AP shows the former more effectively identifies the roads with inadequacies. KW - Adequacy ratings KW - Crash data KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Kentucky KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Ratings KW - Software KW - Types of roads UR - http://www.ktc.uky.edu/files/2012/06/KTC_02_30_SPR_256_01_1F.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/23000/23700/23772/KTC_02_30_SPR_256_01_1F.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659818 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960011 AU - Marvin, R R AU - Clark, D J AU - Marvin and Associates AU - Montana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF SHOULDER RUMBLE STRIPS IN MONTANA PY - 2003/03 SP - 87 p. AB - An evaluation of shoulder rumble strip's effectiveness in reducing off-road and rollover crashes on Montana's highway system utilized 10 years of crash data on 393 miles of Interstate Highways and 213 miles of National Highway System (NHS) and Primary Highways. Statistical analysis of crash data involved rumble strip segments and control segments without rumble strips for 3 year periods before and after implementation of shoulder rumble strips. Descriptive statistics were developed from global data sets and comparative statistics on equivalent segments produced a finding of significant crash reductions on Interstate Highways, while the effect of shoulder rumble strips on NHS and Primary Highways was uncertain due to an inadequate sample size. Analysis of contingency tables indicate that the reduction in Interstate off-road crash rates attributable to shoulder rumble strips was 14.0% with a corresponding reduction of 23.5% in severity rates. The benefit/cost ratio for construction of shoulder rumble strips on Interstate highways was 19.5. A shoulder rumble strip driver survey involving questions related to knowledge of rumble strips, frequency of encounters, reaction to exposure, and general opinions on their use was incorporated as part of the study. The survey indicated that 95% of the driving public was familiar with rumble strips and their use with the majority of drivers encountering rumble strips on every highway trip. The overwhelming majority of motorists liked the benefits that shoulder rumble strips provide. KW - Before and after studies KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Crash data KW - Drivers KW - Interstate highways KW - Montana KW - National Highway System KW - Primary highways KW - Ran off road crashes KW - Road shoulders KW - Rollover crashes KW - Rumble strips KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surveys UR - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/other/research/external/docs/research_proj/rumble_final_report.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/45000/45800/45865/rumble_final_report87.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942627 AU - Chayanan, S AU - Nebergall, M AU - Shankar, V AU - Juvva, N AU - Ouyang, Y AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTERACTION BETWEEN THE ROADWAY AND ROADSIDE--AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DESIGN AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING SEGMENT ACCIDENT RATES PY - 2003/03 SP - 64 p. AB - The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between roadway and roadside accident rates for Washington State highways to improve the Washington State Department of Transportation's (WSDOT's) process of modeling roadway and roadside accident rates and to arrive at possible improvements in the efficiency of WSDOT's safety project programming process. The project tested the use of the seemingly unrelated regression estimation (SURE) model to model the roadway and roadside simultaneously. The theoretical advantage of the SURE approach is that it does not impose any a priori assumptions on the explicit linkage between roadway and roadside accident rates, and there is no theoretical support for explicit linkage, either. The data used to derive this model were from a random sample of 500 one-mile sections from the Washington State highway system. Traffic data included traffic volumes, truck compositions, annual average daily traffic, traffic speeds, and other relevant information. Geometric data included lane, shoulder, median, curve, and intersection information. Historical weather data such as monthly precipitation and temperature were collected from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration database. In comparing significant explanatory variables between the roadway accident rate and roadside accident rate models, very few variables were common. This confirms that it is preferable to specify separate functional forms for roadway and roadside accident rates. Empirical results indicated that correlation between roadway and roadside accident rates was insignificant, indicating that efficiency gains from the SURE model would be minimal. The important finding from a programming standpoint is that jointly modeling the roadway and roadside simultaneously would not result in significant efficiency improvements in comparison to the current state-of-the-practice in Washington State. KW - Correlation analysis KW - Crash rates KW - Geometric design KW - Mathematical models KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Roadside KW - Safety KW - Traffic data KW - Traffic lanes KW - Washington (State) KW - Weather conditions UR - http://depts.washington.edu/trac/bulkdisk/pdf/562.1.pdf UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/562.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643267 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942625 AU - Symans, M D AU - Shattarat, N K AU - McLean, D I AU - Cofer, W F AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF DISPLACEMENT-BASED METHODS AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE FOR SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES PY - 2003/03 SP - 103 p. AB - The response of bridges when subjected to seismic excitation can be evaluated by a number of analysis methods. The traditional approach to seismic analysis focuses on forces (so-called force-based methods of analysis) while current design practice is moving towards an increased emphasis on displacements (so-called displacement-based methods of analysis). The primary objective of this research project was to evaluate the effectiveness of various commercially available computer programs for performing practical displacement-based seismic analysis of highway bridges. A secondary objective was to identify the fundamental differences between force-based and displacement-based methods of analysis, particularly as they apply to highway bridges. The objectives of the project were met by utilizing four different computer programs to evaluate the seismic response of a simple two-span highway bridge. The seismic response was evaluated using two force-based methods of analysis (response spectrum and time-history) and two displacement-based methods (capacity spectrum and inelastic demand spectrum). Furthermore, the effects of two different abutment and bent foundation support conditions were evaluated. The experience gained by utilizing the computer software revealed that some programs are well suited to displacement-based analysis, both from the point-of-view of being efficient and providing insight into the behavior of plastic hinges. The results of the seismic analyses demonstrated that force-based methods of analysis may be conveniently used to prioritize cases under which displacement-based methods of analysis should be applied. Furthermore, the displacement-based methods of analysis that were used produced different predictions of nonlinear response with neither method being regarded as producing accurate results due to a number of simplifications inherent in the methods. Finally, the displacement-based methods of analysis appear to be attractive to practicing engineers in the sense that they emphasize a graphical evaluation of seismic performance. KW - Computer programs KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Highway bridges KW - Seismic analysis UR - http://www.ce.wsu.edu/TRAC/Publications_Reports/WA-RD_553_1.pdf UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/553.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643265 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942601 AU - McLean, D I AU - Peterson, S T AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL RESPONSE AND ANALYSIS OF THE EVERGREEN POINT FLOATING BRIDGE PY - 2003/03 SP - 82 p. AB - On January 20, 1993, the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge incurred structural damage at two mooring cables and at various other locations during a storm event of approximately a 20-year return period magnitude. The two mooring cables damaged were the shorter and stiffer cables located at the ends of the bridge. Following the 1993 storm, larger mooring cables with Sealink elastomeric devices were installed at the areas where cable distress was noted to resist higher cable loads and to provide energy absorption and reduced cable stiffness. In this study, cable forces were measured during the winter season of 2001-2002 to evaluate the effectiveness of the replacement mooring cables. From the experimental measurements, it was found that the special replacement mooring cables have reduced the load attraction at the shorter end cables when compared to cable tension values reported for the pre-retrofit analysis. However, the measurements indicate that the replacement cables continue to attract loads between 64% and 79% higher than those measured at the longer and more flexible cables located near the midspan of the floating bridge during storm events of a 1-year return period magnitude. KW - Elastomers KW - Energy absorption KW - Floating structures KW - Loss and damage KW - Measurement KW - Mooring cables KW - Performance KW - Pontoon bridges KW - Retrofitting KW - Stiffness KW - Storms UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/558.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643247 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942588 AU - Jacobson, L N AU - PB Farradyne, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY TRAFFIC OPERATIONS AND FREEWAY MANAGEMENT: STATE-OF-THE-PRACTICE PY - 2003/03 SP - 44 p. AB - This paper focuses on the proactive management of freeway facilities to balance the capacity of the transportation system and the prevailing demands and to respond to out-of-the-ordinary conditions (e.g., incidents, adverse weather, work zones, special events, and emergency evacuations). This paper will benefit all that are involved with highway traffic operations and freeway management, including State departments of transportation, tollway and toll authority traffic operations managers, and the people who directly support them. Specifically, this document summarizes the state-of-the-practice in freeway management and operations in order to provide a basis for recommending actions that will address gaps between the state-of-the-practice and state-of-the-art. The paper will help those involved with the operation and management of highways by providing them with the opportunity to: determine if parts of their system can be considered state-of-the-art or state-of-the-practice; develop ideas for what would be needed to move to state-of-the-art or state-of-the-practice; and develop ideas of activities needed to close the gap between state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice nationally. This paper is interrelated to, and can be considered a companion document with, the new Freeway Management and Operations Handbook (FMOH). The FMOH is intended to be an introductory manual - a resource document that provides an overview of the various institutional and technical issues associated with the planning, design, operation, and management of a freeway network. It is intended to provide the user with a better understanding of the life-cycle considerations for the freeway network (in the context of the overall surface transportation network) and the associated freeway operations and management strategies, including intelligent transportation system components. KW - Freeway management systems KW - Freeway operations KW - Highway operations KW - Highway traffic control KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - State of the art KW - State of the practice UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/22000/22600/22634/Freeway_Management_SOP_V.7.2.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643233 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942593 AU - Durkis, T J AU - New Hampshire Department of Agriculture, Markets and Food AU - New Hampshire Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE IN NEW HAMPSHIRE 1997-2001 PY - 2003/03 SP - 59 p. AB - Purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria, is an invasive, non-native plant introduced in the United States from Europe and Asia beginning in the early nineteenth century. As the purple loosestrife population expanded, concerns increased about its potential impact in moist habitats. Since the 1950s, a variety of mechanical, cultural, and chemical controls have been employed in an attempt to control the effect of the species on natural and manmade wetlands. These methods were either impractical or abandoned due to ineffectiveness or environmental concerns. Biological control of weeds utilizes the introduction of natural enemies to reduce population levels of undesirable plants. Biological control is considered a safe, sustainable, cost effective, long-term method for reducing invasive plant populations. This report summarizes a pilot program instituted by the New Hampshire Department of Agriculture, Markets and Food and the New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT) to control purple loosestrife in New Hampshire wetlands between 1997 and 2001. The program included the screening, selection and rearing of candidate insects, controlled releases, and monitoring at numerous sites throughout the state. A total of 130,400 Galerucella spp. leaf-eating beetles were released during the period. The program was successful in establishing viable populations of these beetles at several locations. The release of beetles adjacent to and within areas proposed for future wetland mitigation creation and along NHDOT right-of-ways established diversity in the introduction of biocontrol of loosestrife over a wider region. It is recommended that biocontrol of this species be maintained and expanded. Community rearing and release is encouraged, and continued monitoring should occur. Further investigations into the possible use of root feeding weevils is recommended. KW - Biological control KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Insects KW - Monitoring KW - New Hampshire KW - Plants KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Vegetation control KW - Weeds KW - Wetlands UR - http://www.nh.gov/dot/org/projectdevelopment/materials/research/projects/documents/12323q_report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643239 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942569 AU - Kiel, D AU - Shea, S AU - Marsters, R AU - GeoDecisions AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - 2002 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS PLAN. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND FINAL REPORT PY - 2003/03 SP - 104 p. AB - The consultant provided services in support of preparation of South Dakota Department of Transportation's (SDDOT's) Geographic Information System (GIS) Plan. The consultant initially conducted a kickoff meeting to refine the scope of the project, goals, risks, and expectations. An introductory workshop for GIS was also held. The project then proceeded with a review of relevant SDDOT literature. A GIS Visionary Workshop was then conducted by the consultant for SDDOT personnel, during which goals and strategic objectives were set for the next five years. Following the Workshop, the consultant conducted on-site interviews with SDDOT business units and external agencies regarding GIS knowledge and use, data access and usage, expectations for GIS, possible projects, and other related issues. The interview results yielded a listing of recommended actions and proposed applications for GIS at SDDOT. The consultant then further analyzed the proposed applications through development and deployment of a prioritization form tool, which contained a methodology for assigning numerical ratings for various components of each application. Each proposed action was assigned a final numerical rating, and a proposed, prioritized list of projects was compiled. These projects were further scheduled and phased according to expected budget conditions over the next five years. To ensure the future viability of the prioritization tool, the consultant prepared an accompanying update methodology guide to support revisions in the prioritization approach, accommodate new proposed projects, and permit editing and reevaluation of existing scheduled projects based upon changing conditions. KW - Applications KW - Budgeting KW - Geographic information systems KW - Interviewing KW - Literature reviews KW - Planning KW - Recommendations KW - South Dakota Department of Transportation KW - Strategic planning KW - Workshops UR - http://www.sddot.com/business/research/projects/docs/SD2002_09_Final_Report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643213 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00942149 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Bergeron, K A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A CONDUIT FOR NEW TECHNOLOGY PY - 2003/03 VL - 66 IS - 5 SP - p. 15-19 AB - Each year, millions of dollars are spent on highway-related research. However, once an innovation has emerged from that research, it is difficult to determine how much it will cost to inform the transportation community about the new development. This article provides an overview of videoconferencing, one possible solution to this problem which has shown great promise. Sections are devoted to the predecessors of videoconferencing, federal use of videoconferencing, and experience within the highway industry with this form of information sharing. KW - Communications KW - Information dissemination KW - Information technology KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology transfer KW - Teleconferencing UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03mar/04.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/645083 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00942148 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Sullivan, J J AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TECHNOLOGY GOES LOCAL PY - 2003/03 VL - 66 IS - 5 SP - p. 10-14 AB - Small and rural transportation agencies are responsible for building or maintaining nearly 3 million miles of roadways and more than 29,000 bridges in the U.S. Ensuring that these local agencies have access to the knowledge and tools they need to do their jobs effectively depends on getting information about proven, new technologies and processes from the research centers into the hands of the transportation professionals who can implement them in the field. This article provides an overview of the Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP), introduced in the 1980s by the Federal Highway Administration to facilitate information exchange in support of local road and bridge agencies. The focus is on LTAP's Product Demonstration Showcase Program, unveiled in 1995 with the goal of reducing the timeline for moving new technologies from state-of-the-art status to state-of-the-practice at the local level. KW - Bridge engineering KW - Highway engineering KW - Local government agencies KW - Product development KW - Rural areas KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States KW - Workshops UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03mar/03.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/645082 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00942150 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Weingroff, R F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE MAN WHO CHANGED AMERICA, PART I PY - 2003/03 VL - 66 IS - 5 SP - p. 20-35 AB - This article provides a historical overview of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's early interest in the construction of better roads in the U.S. The events leading up to the passage of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 during the Eisenhower Administration are also outlined and discussed. A second part to this article will appear in a subsequent issue of this magazine. KW - Federal Aid Highway Act KW - Federal aid highways KW - History KW - Interstate highways KW - Laws and legislation KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03mar/05.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/645084 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942455 AU - Ping, W V AU - Leonard, M AU - Yang, Z AU - Florida State University, Tallahassee AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LABORATORY SIMULATION OF FIELD COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS (PHASE I) PY - 2003/03 SP - 106 p. AB - When fill materials are used during highway construction, improving the engineering properties of the soil by compacting it is always necessary. The direct consequence of soil compaction is densification, which in turn results in higher strength, lower compressibility, and lower permeability. Most construction specifications for fill materials are based on laboratory compaction tests. These laboratory compaction tests are designed to represent the highest degree of compaction that can reasonably be achieved in the field. The most common of these laboratory tests are the standard and modified Proctor tests. Both of these tests utilize impact compaction, although impact compaction shows no resemblance to any type of field compaction and is ineffective for granular soils. Since the development of the Proctor tests, there have been dramatic advances in field compaction equipment. Therefore, the Proctor tests no longer represent the maximum achievable field density. The primary objectives of this project included a survey of current field compaction equipment, laboratory investigation of compaction characteristics, field study of compaction characteristics, and laboratory simulation of field compaction characteristics. The findings from the laboratory and field compaction programs were used to establish preliminary guidelines for a suitable laboratory compaction procedure. KW - Compaction equipment KW - Densification KW - Field studies KW - Fills KW - Laboratory simulation KW - Laboratory tests KW - Road construction KW - Soil compaction KW - Soil compaction test KW - Specifications KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643193 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942456 AU - Ping, W V AU - Xing, G AU - Leonard, M AU - Yang, Z AU - Florida State University, Tallahassee AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF LABORATORY COMPACTION TECHNIQUES FOR SIMULATING FIELD SOIL COMPACTION (PHASE II) PY - 2003/03 SP - 199 p. AB - Higher compaction efforts, routinely seen in the field, not only result in higher unit weights but also lower optimum moisture contents than those found by the Modified Proctor test. The primary objective of this project was to further the Phase I study, which was to investigate the potential of using gyratory compaction for field simulation, and try to establish the standard test procedure for compacting silty and sandy soils. The gyratory compaction was found to be the most effective compaction technique. The three variables of the gyratory compactor (angle of gyration, vertical pressure, and number of gyrations) were further evaluated and the proposed gyratory test procedure was established for popular granular soils (A-3, and A-2-4 soils) in Florida. The variable setting (Vertical Pressure = 200 kPa, Gyration Angle = 1.25 deg, Number of Gyrations = 90, Gyration Rate = 20 Gyrations/minute) was proved to be the most suitable condition to simulate the field test results. KW - Compactors KW - Field tests KW - Granular soils KW - Gyratory compactors KW - Gyratory testing machines KW - Laboratory simulation KW - Laboratory tests KW - Sandy soils KW - Silty soils KW - Soil compaction KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643194 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942454 AU - McVay, M AU - Kuo, C L AU - Guisinger, A L AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CALIBRATING RESISTANCE FACTORS FOR LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN FOR STATNAMIC LOAD TESTING PY - 2003/03 SP - 129 p. AB - The Statnamic device, developed by Berminghammer Foundation Equipment in the early 1980s, has a 7500-ton capacity. Because of this large loading capacity, as well as quick and easy mobilization, the device has become a viable alternative for load testing drilled shafts. However, there exists no recommended published Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) resistance factors or Allowable Stress Design (ASD) factor of safety for the back-computed Statnamic static capacities. Moreover, since the Statnamic device is relatively new to practicing engineers, their theoretical understanding of the test and data interpretation is limited. The goal of this project was to establish a database of measured and predicted capacities and to establish the LRFD resistance factors and associated ASD factor of safety for the Statnamic device. Also, as part of this work, a summary of the available literature, as well as modeling (numerical) of the test was investigated to better understand the assumptions and limitations of the Statnamic device and results. KW - Allowable stress design KW - Bridge foundations KW - Calibration KW - Drilled shafts KW - Literature reviews KW - Load and resistance factor design KW - Load tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Statnamic device KW - Testing equipment UR - http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_STR/FDOT_BC354_42rpt.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643192 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942449 AU - Titus-Glover, L AU - Mallela, J AU - Jiang, Y J AU - Ayers, M E AU - Shami, H I AU - ERES Consultants, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED LTPP MATERIAL DATA TABLES AND DEVELOPMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE TEST TABLES PY - 2003/03 SP - 304 p. AB - This report documents an evaluation of selected Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) material data tables as of January 2000. Issues addressed include the availability, characteristics, and quality of the data in the selected tables. Anomalies in the data were identified and corrected where possible, and the "cleaned-out" data were used in developing representative data tables. Recommendations for adjustments in the current data collection process are also presented. KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Concrete pavements KW - Data collection KW - Data quality KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Pavement performance KW - Recommendations KW - Tables (Data) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942444 AU - Nee, J AU - Hallenbeck, M E AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A MOTORIST AND PEDESTRIAN BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS RELATING TO PEDESTRIAN SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS PY - 2003/03 SP - 45 p. AB - The objective of this project was to evaluate motorist and pedestrian behavioral changes that resulted from changes in the roadway environment, traffic enforcement activities, and a public information campaign. A "before" and a four-phased "after" analysis was conducted to evaluate motorist and pedestrian behavioral changes at the study sites: N. 165th St and N. 170th St on SR 99 in the City of Shoreline. The main measures of effectiveness used to evaluate this project were pedestrian crossing locations, changes in pedestrian behaviors (e.g., whether pedestrians used the crosswalks), and changes in motorist behaviors (e.g., the willingness of drivers to stop for pedestrians in crosswalks before and after the improvements). The results of the study showed that the safety treatments had a positive effect on pedestrian behavior in that pedestrians used the installed refuge island for crossing. The safety treatments also significantly improved vehicle compliance in yielding for pedestrians. However, poor driving behavior can still be improved. A reduction in pedestrian conflict rates and a lack of change in vehicle evasive behavior imply that pedestrians were not any less careful after implementation of the treatments. While the true effect of each treatment phase may have been limited at the study sites because of the implementation process, construction constraints, and project schedule, the study observed the following findings for the various treatments. First, no meaningful difference was observed in vehicles yielding at marked vs. unmarked crosswalks. The push-button activated roving eyes signs had a positive effect on motorists' yielding action. Motorists responded positively to yield bars. This study may be limited in reflecting the true impact of traffic enforcement. KW - Before and after studies KW - Behavior KW - Behavior modification KW - Compliance KW - Crosswalks KW - Drivers KW - Location KW - Pedestrian refuge islands KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Pedestrian signs KW - Pedestrian vehicle interface KW - Pedestrians KW - Safety campaigns KW - Traffic conflicts KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Yield bars UR - http://depts.washington.edu/trac/bulkdisk/pdf/560.1.pdf UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/560.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643182 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941649 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - United States. National Highway Safety Administration TI - GUIDANCE FOR USING RED LIGHT CAMERAS PY - 2003/03 AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) have developed this guidance for the use of state and local agencies on the implementation and operation of red light camera systems. Although not a regulatory requirement, the guidance is intended to provide critical information for state and local agencies on relevant aspects of red light camera systems in order to promote consistency and proper implementation and operation, and to ensure that this effective tool and other forms of technology remain available to transportation agencies around the nation. This guidance can be used by state and local agency managers transportation engineers, and law enforcement officials to identify and properly address safety problems resulting from red light running within their jurisdiction. This guidance outlines proven and effective practices implemented in the United States, and generally provides guidance that can be followed to ensure that cost-effective solutions are implemented by state and local agencies KW - Cameras KW - Law enforcement KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic surveillance UR - http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/enforce/guidance03/Guidancereport.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644104 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941440 AU - Hag-Elsafi, O AU - Kunin, J AU - Alampalli, S AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IN-SERVICE EVALUATION OF A CONCRETE BRIDGE FRP STRENGTHENING SYSTEM PY - 2003/03 SP - 22 p. AB - In November 1999, bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminates were used to strengthen a single span, reinforced concrete T-beam bridge in New York State. The laminate system was installed to strengthen the structure in flexure and shear, and to contain observed freeze-thaw cracking. The bridge was then instrumented and load tested before and after installation of the laminates, to evaluate effectiveness of the strengthening FRP system. In November 2001, the load test was repeated to monitor in-service performance of the system. The test results indicated that the quality of bond between the laminates and concrete, and effectiveness of the system have not deteriorated after two years of service. Further inspection using an infrared thermography camera did not show any significant delamination in the system, in agreement with the test results. KW - Before and after studies KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Cracking KW - Fiber reinforced plastics KW - Flexure KW - Inspection KW - Laminates KW - Load tests KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Shear reinforcement KW - Strengthening (Maintenance) KW - Thermographs UR - https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d-repository/sr139.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/55000/55700/55792/FHWA-NY-SR-03-139.PDF UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00940909 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A GUIDE FOR HOT LANE DEVELOPMENT PY - 2003/03 SP - v.p. AB - In the face of growing urban congestion, the range of strategies to maintain and improve highway service is also increasing. The traditional approach has been the addition of general-purpose lanes. However, because of the high costs and impacts of creating new capacity, increasing attention is also being given to strategies that make the maximum use of existing highway capacity. One of the most recent management concepts - High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lanes - combines HOV and pricing strategies by allowing single occupancy vehicles to gain access to HOV lanes by paying a toll. The lanes are "managed" through pricing to maintain free flow conditions even during the height of rush hours. The appeal of this concept is tri-fold: (1) It expands mobility options in congested urban areas by providing an opportunity for reliable travel times to users prepared to pay a significant premium for this service. (2) It generates a new source of revenue, which can be used to pay for transportation improvements, including enhanced transit service. (3) It improves the efficiency of HOV facilities, which is especially important given the recent decline in HOV mode share in 36 of the 40 largest metro areas. The combined ability of HOT operations to introduce additional traffic to existing HOV facilities, while using price and other management techniques to control the number of additional motorists and maintain high service levels, renders the HOT lane concept a promising means of reducing congestion and improving service on the existing highway system. With only four HOT lane facilities operating in the Untied States in 2002, decision makers may not have the familiarity necessary to recognize the potential of the concept and consider it in situations where it could be appropriate. This guide is intended to encourage further consideration of the concept by providing transportation professionals with information and insight gained from the nation's initial experiments with HOT lanes. KW - High occupancy toll lanes KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway operations KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway traffic control KW - Mobility KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Quality of service KW - Reliability KW - Revenues KW - Road pricing KW - Strategic planning KW - Tolls KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic lanes KW - Travel time KW - United States KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13668_files/images/13668.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731817 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941313 AU - Fitch, G M AU - Anderson, J E AU - Ridout, S AU - Goodall, J L AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTEGRATION OF MULTIBAND IMAGERY AS A MEANS OF MONITORING WETLAND RESOURCES FOR THE VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PY - 2003/03 SP - 25 p. AB - Digital multispectral imagery is a data collection technique that provides digital frame coverage in four spectral bands for color infrared imaging, allowing for the detection of soils, vegetation, water bodies, chemically contaminated areas, and various other resources. It is anticipated that using multispectral digital imagery technology for wetlands data collection will aid the Virginia Department of Transportation's (VDOT's) Environmental Division in meeting the increasingly stringent monitoring requirements placed on it by state and federal regulatory agencies. Previous research conducted by the Virginia Transportation Research Council and Virginia Commonwealth University concluded that multispectral imagery was technically feasible and significantly less expensive than traditional field methods. The primary objective of this research was to aid VDOT in implementing digital multispectral imagery to acquire some of the vegetation data required for the monitoring of its wetland mitigation program by determining the accuracy of the data collected with this technology and comparing it with data collected manually in the field. This was done in the hopes of convincing VDOT and the regulatory agencies that data collected by this means could replace some of the vegetation information currently collected manually. Multispectral imagery collected at a resolution of 1 m was found to be capable of identifying major plant communities in wetland mitigation sites with an accuracy of approximately 80%. Thus, it can provide more complete information on the major plant communities than can random field sampling alone. In addition, the decreased labor needs and costs associated with using multispectral imagery to collect data as compared to traditional field methods make the technology an effective tool in determining the vegetation composition of wetland mitigation sites. KW - Accuracy KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Infrared imagery KW - Monitoring KW - Multispectral imagery KW - Plants KW - Vegetation KW - Wetlands UR - http://virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/03-cr19%20.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642589 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00941020 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Sunde, D AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PUTTING THE PIECES TOGETHER PY - 2003/03 VL - 66 IS - 5 SP - p. 40-43 AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991 mandated that each U.S. state develop and implement a safety management system (SMS), a set of systematic processes used to identify opportunities to improve driver and vehicle safety in each phase of road construction projects and in development of other vehicle and transportation programs. While the original ISTEA mandate was later repealed, Washington State's Department of Transportation (WSDOT) embarked on a mission to develop a manual to help local agencies implement SMSs, known as local agency SMSs, or (LASMSs). This article describes the components of the 83-page WSDOT manual, completed in 1998, which provides local agencies with a detailed explanation of how to develop and structure an LASMS. KW - Highway safety KW - Local government agencies KW - Manuals KW - Safety management KW - Safety programs KW - State departments of transportation KW - Washington (State) KW - Washington State Department of Transportation UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03mar/07.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644280 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00941021 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Busch, T N AU - Funderburg, K A AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WHERE THE RAIL MEETS THE ROAD PY - 2003/03 VL - 66 IS - 5 SP - p. 44-47 AB - In 2000, highways in the U.S. had more than 250,000 roadway-rail crossings, according to the Federal Railroad Administration. As urban growth continues and more roads are built, this number will likely rise. Unless trains are rerouted, the building of new roads can delay rail traffic and movement of commercial goods. Once a road is complete, trains passing through the crossing can interrupt vehicle traffic, closing the new road for minutes at a time. These delays and interruptions cause congestion and air pollution, frustrating motorists, railroad workers, and train travelers alike. This article provides an overview of an innovative tunneling method used in Russia that could end these frustrations by employing soft-earth tunneling techniques to run a highway beneath a train track. The technique effectively negates the problems caused by the roadway-rail crossing points. KW - At grade intersections KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - High risk locations KW - Highway safety KW - Railroad engineering KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Soft soils KW - Tunneling KW - Underground structures UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03mar/08.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644281 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00941019 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Davis, N AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LIVING UP TO A LANDMARK PY - 2003/03 VL - 66 IS - 5 SP - p. 36-39 AB - This article gives an overview of the design and ongoing construction of a new road and bridge project traversing the Black Canyon gorge at the site of Hoover Dam on the Arizona-Nevada border. The new route will provide a bypass for through traffic from Arizona into Nevada and relieve concerns about congestion, safety, and security on the existing historic highway, while conforming to roadway design criteria for reduced air pollution. Sections are devoted to the project partnership efforts, a new innovative bridge design, and cultural and aesthetic concerns. KW - Arizona KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge engineering KW - Highway bridges KW - Historic sites KW - Hoover Dam KW - Nevada KW - Scenic highways UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03mar/06.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644279 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00941017 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Middleton, L AU - King, M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A NATURAL CHOICE PY - 2003/03 VL - 66 IS - 5 SP - p. 2-5 AB - Controlling erosion and re-establishing vegetation are key parts of most road or highway construction/rehabilitation projects. Roadside embankments, shoulders, medians, and other nonpaved surfaces can be vulnerable to the elements, leading to excessive runoff, rutting, and damaged aesthetics. Conventional methods to prevent these conditions include root reinforcement systems and hydroseeding. This article discusses an alternative erosion control mechanism that has been gaining in popularity: the use of compost mixtures for roadside revegetation. The focus is on an FHWA test project along the Blue Ridge Parkway near Asheville, NC, in which a compost mixture was used to repair an area of the Parkway that was damaged by a landslide. Results indicate that compost shows so much potential that it should be considered as a best management practice. Compost also has an added environmental benefit of reducing biodegradable wastes that go to landfills. KW - Biodegradability KW - Blue Ridge Parkway KW - Compost KW - Embankments KW - Environmental protection KW - Erosion control KW - Highway engineering KW - Highway maintenance KW - North Carolina KW - Revegetation KW - Roadside improvement KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03mar/01.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644277 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00941018 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Mathis, P AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BEHIND THE SCENES AT THE OLYMPICS PY - 2003/03 VL - 66 IS - 5 SP - p. 6-9 AB - From February 8-24, 2002, Salt Lake City, Utah, hosted the XIX Olympic Winter Games, with more than 75 events scheduled, 2,500 athletes, and 750,000 visitors, including 11,500 members of the media. The Utah Department of Transportation, in concert with a multitude of local, state, and federal agencies, successfully provided the public attending the Olympic festivities with a highly efficient, safe, and effective transportation system. This article details some of the secrets behind this success, and the lessons learned that can benefit the planning and implementation of transportation systems at future major events, as well as aid local transport agencies better manage day-to-day operations. KW - Olympic games KW - Olympic Winter Games KW - Regional transportation KW - Special events KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Utah KW - Utah Department of Transportation UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03mar/02.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644278 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941269 AU - Stordahl, D M AU - Jones, J W AU - CDM AU - Montana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: FIELD MANUAL PY - 2003/03 SP - 142 p. AB - The Erosion and Sediment Control Best Management Practices Field Manual was developed to assist in design, construction, and post-construction phases of Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) projects. This manual provides background to concepts of erosion and sediment control. Most of MDT's best management practices (BMPs) are listed within the manual based on application categories. Each BMP is described; its applications and limitations are listed, as well as its design criteria. Construction phase and post-construction phase BMPs are described. This manual is a field guide and condensed version of the Erosion and Sediment Control Design Construction Best Management Practices Manual, which contains more detailed discussion on the topics found within this field manual. KW - Best practices KW - Erosion control KW - Highway design KW - Manuals KW - Montana KW - Post-construction phase KW - Road construction KW - Sediment control UR - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/research/projects/env/erosion.shtml UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642561 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941260 AU - Dougan, C E AU - Stephens, J E AU - Mahoney, J AU - Hansen, G AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - E* - DYNAMIC MODULUS: TEST PROTOCOL - PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS PY - 2003/03 SP - 70 p. AB - The Connecticut Department of Transportation (DOT) is the lead state in a 13-state pooled funds project, to assess the Dynamic Modulus, E*, as a test method to characterize hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mix designs. The project is a 30-month effort to: evaluate problems in implementing the protocol into DOT operations as part of the 2002 Pavement Design Guide; conduct a round robin test of the protocol; and recommend changes or modifications to the protocol. This report sets forth problems encountered with the protocol and offers recommendations on changes to the protocol and its use in DOT operations. The results of a 9-laboratory round robin series of tests are presented. E* test results for typical HMA mixes submitted by eight sponsor states are also presented in an appended CD. KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Dynamic modulus of elasticity KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mix design KW - Problem identification KW - Problem solving KW - Test procedures UR - http://docs.trb.org/00941260.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939834 AU - Lundy, J R AU - Remily, M D AU - Oregon Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FIELD TRIAL OF SOLVENT-FREE EMULSION IN OREGON PY - 2003/03 SP - 72 p. AB - This final report summarizes construction, laboratory and performance information gathered by Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) personnel from a single field trial of solvent-free emulsion mix constructed in June 2001. The solvent-free emulsion mix presented several placement problems as it built up on the laydown screed and gouged the mat. A second project trial section, scheduled for construction during 2001, was not completed due to construction scheduling problems. Following standard ODOT design policy, both the solvent-free and conventional emulsion mixes were overlaid with a chip seal shortly after placement. After fourteen months, the performance of both mixes appeared to be equal. The indirect tensile strengths of the two mixes were statistically similar at all ages up to one year. KW - Asphalt emulsions KW - Chip seals KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Oregon KW - Pavement performance KW - Road construction KW - Solvent-free emulsion mixes KW - Tensile strength UR - http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ResearchReports/FieldTrialSolventFree.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731202 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939354 AU - Blomberg, J M AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LABORATORY STUDY - LABORATORY TESTING OF BRIDGE DECK MIXES PY - 2003/03 SP - 74 p. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to develop bridge deck mixes that will improve field performance and minimize cracking potential compared to Missouri Department of Transportation's (MoDOT's) current (B-2) bridge deck mix design. The mix designs developed in this study were tested and compared to the control B-2 mixes for strength, durability, permeability, and shrinkage potential. This paper presents laboratory test results from nine different concrete mix designs that will be considered by MoDOT's bridge deck quick action (QA) team to replace the current bridge deck mixes. The mixes differed mainly by the amounts and combinations of supplementary cementitious materials, which included Class C fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), silica fume, and ternary combinations of these materials. The research conducted should give MoDOT a bridge deck mix that is more economical, increases the service life, and reduces the maintenance costs of bridge decks in the future. KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridges KW - Concrete KW - Durability KW - Fly ash KW - Granulated slag KW - Laboratory studies KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mix design KW - Performance KW - Permeability KW - Shrinkage KW - Silica fume KW - Strength of materials UR - http://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/Ri01044/RDT03004.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13000/13029/RDT03004.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731014 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460984 TI - Improved Specifications and Protocols for Acceptance Tests on Processing Additions in Cement Manufacturing AB - Processing additions," such as granulated blast furnace slag, limestone, and fly ash, are interground with clinker in the manufacture of some portland cements to improve the efficiency of the manufacturing process. These additions also may improve product quality, reduce carbon dioxide emissions and energy requirements during the cement manufacturing process, and provide other economic and environmental benefits. However, there has been considerable debate recently about the effects of such additions on cement and concrete properties and on the performance and durability of the highway pavements and structures in which these materials are used. In addition, current cement specifications do not address, in a consistent manner, the use of such additions in cement manufacturing. Although a great deal of research has been performed on the effects of portland cement characteristics on concrete properties and durability, only limited research has dealt with the effects of incorporating inorganic processing additions. There are no clear conclusions concerning the effects of using processing additions in the manufacturing process on the performance and durability of highway pavements and structures. Further research is needed to assess these effects, to develop recommendations to help improve cement specifications and test protocols with regard to the use of such processing additions, and to develop guidance on the use of these cements in highway concrete. The objective of this research is to recommend potential improvements to specifications and test protocols to determine the acceptability of cements with processing additions. This research will deal with inorganic processing additions (i.e., it will not deal with organic grinding aids commonly used in cement manufacture). KW - Cement KW - Concrete KW - Concrete pavements KW - Durability KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - Specifications KW - Test procedures UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=477 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229202 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00961938 AU - SRF Consulting Group, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation TI - BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN DETECTION PY - 2003/02/27 SP - 29 p. AB - The majority of traffic detection technology and sensor research has focused on the detection of "motorized" traffic. This has left a need for objective information on the performance of "non-motorized' traffic detectors. Bicycles and pedestrians are the two most common types of non-motorized traffic. In recent years, sensors have been developed to detect the presence of pedestrians and the speed and presence of bicycles. This has been accomplished with a variety of technologies, including microwave, infrared, video and inductive loops. With the development of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications, automated pedestrian detectors are beginning to compliment the existing pushbutton detectors. These applications optimize intersection operations and improve safety by reducing the conflicts between vehicles and pedestrians. Similarly, bicycle detectors are being used to provide detection inputs to traffic signals for call and extend functions. These technologies are also a valuable tool in gathering historic data. This report documents the current state of pedestrian and bicycle detection and presents evaluation results from a field test conducted of six different bicycle/pedestrian sensors. KW - Bicycles KW - Detectors KW - Field tests KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intersections KW - Motor vehicles KW - Nonmotorized transportation KW - Pedestrian detectors KW - Pedestrians KW - Sensors KW - Technology KW - Traffic conflicts KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signals UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/23000/23300/23330/BikePedDetFinalReport.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941453 AU - Keller, E A AU - Sicking, D L AU - Faller, R K AU - Polivka, K A AU - Rohde, J R AU - University of Nebraska, Lincoln AU - Nebraska Department of Roads AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR ATTACHMENTS TO BRIDGE RAILS AND MEDIAN BARRIERS PY - 2003/02/26 SP - 74 p. AB - Highway agencies are often presented with the need to add attachments of various configurations to the top or backside of crashworthy traffic barriers. Although the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report No. 350 offers guidance for the safety performance evaluation of traffic barriers, it offers no guidance toward the evaluation of attachments on or near these barriers. The objective of the research project was to collect crash test data relating to bridge rails and median barriers, to collect information about common attachments to traffic barriers, and to evaluate this information for the purpose of developing guidelines for the design and placement of traffic barrier attachments. A comprehensive review of full-scale crash testing of bridge rails and median barriers was conducted in order to establish Zones of Intrusion (ZOIs) for traffic barriers. The primary goal of this review was to identify the extent that a pickup or single-unit truck intrudes over the top of a traffic barrier during a vehicular impact. A field site investigation was undertaken to determine the types of devices commonly attached to traffic barriers. The field survey also categorized the traffic barriers which contained attachments. Finally, based on the combined results from the crash test review and the field investigation, recommendations for the placement and design of attachments are made. KW - Attachments (Traffic barriers) KW - Bridge railings KW - Design KW - Field studies KW - Guidelines KW - Impact tests KW - Location KW - Median barriers KW - Pickup trucks KW - Recommendations KW - Zones of intrusion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942568 AU - JAFFE, R S AU - Eisenhart, B AU - Consensus Systems Technologies AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOUTH DAKOTA RURAL ITS ARCHITECTURE PY - 2003/02/25 SP - 176 p. AB - A statewide Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) architecture was developed for South Dakota conforming to Federal Highway Administration Rule 940 and corresponding Federal Transit Administration policy. Following a literature review to identify the ITS architecture of existing projects and ITS project investments in neighboring states, a series of stakeholder workshops were held, and a consensus based ITS architecture was developed responsive to the requirements articulated by the stakeholders. This ITS architecture was documented using the defacto standard for ITS architecture: Turbo Architecture V2, and was additionally documented on a website for broad dissemination as a tool for stakeholder review. Finally, an institutional and technical methodology for maintaining the ITS architecture is included in this report. A Users Guide to the Turbo Architecture Extensions that were developed to prepare the website documentation is also included here, so that South Dakota DOT staff or their consultants can maintain this ITS architecture in the future. KW - Computer architecture KW - Computer program documentation KW - Consensus KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Literature reviews KW - Rural areas KW - South Dakota KW - Stakeholders KW - System architecture KW - Workshops UR - http://www.sddot.com/business/research/projects/docs/SD2002_03_Final_Report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643212 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460945 TI - Implementing TRAC PAC2 - A Hands-on Educational Program AB - The objective of this study is to develop a set of marketing, promotional, and motivational tools to optimize the acceptance and implementation of the TRAC PAC2 program. KW - Civil engineering KW - High school students KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Recommendations KW - Research projects KW - Technology assessment KW - Transportation KW - User interfaces (Computer science) UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=608 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941452 AU - HISER, N R AU - Faller, R K AU - Sicking, D L AU - Rohde, J R AU - Reid, J D AU - Polivka, K A AU - University of Nebraska, Lincoln AU - Nebraska Department of Roads AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BRIDGE RAILS AND TRANSITIONS FOR PEDESTRIAN PROTECTION PY - 2003/02/20 SP - 108 p. AB - It is desirable to protect pedestrians on bridges from motor vehicles. However, transition problems arise at the ends of bridges where the bridge rail, bridge rail end treatment, and pedestrian walkway compete for the limited available space. The objective of this study was to identify the most common scenarios in which the protection of pedestrians on bridges is desirable, and then to develop bridge rail and bridge rail end treatment configurations to accommodate those situations. The objective was achieved by performing a field investigation, a survey of state transportation agencies, and a literature review. Recommendations for the placement and general design of standard barrier configurations have been provided in the form of thirteen generalized site drawings. The barrier configurations outlined within this report were based on National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report No. 350 approved hardware, roadside hardware meeting prior safety standards, hardware believed to provide moderate safety, hardware currently under development, and sound engineering judgement. Therefore, the barrier configurations recommended herein are not equivalent in terms of the level of pedestrian safety provided. As a result, sound engineering judgement is required when determining which barrier configuration to implement for providing pedestrian protection on and near the ends of bridges. KW - Bridge railings KW - Design KW - Drawings KW - End treatment KW - Engineering personnel KW - Field studies KW - Guardrail transition sections KW - Guardrails KW - Judgment (Human characteristics) KW - Literature reviews KW - NCHRP Report 350 KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Standards KW - State departments of transportation KW - Surveys KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642694 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01549323 TI - Improved Procedure for Laboratory Aging of Asphalt Binders in Pavements AB - Use of the Superpave asphalt binder specification (AASHTO M320) requires short- and long-term aging procedures that accurately and reliably predict or rank the asphalt binder aging that occurs in hot mix asphalt (HMA) during field mixing and compaction and in service. The resources available to the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) asphalt research program did not allow a conclusive investigation of either short- or long-term binder aging, specifically for modified systems. The procedures used in the Superpave mix design method -- the rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT, AASHTO T240) and the pressure-aging vessel (PAV, AASHTO PP1) -- were selected because of previous experience with their use and the promise they showed during development and in very limited validation with unmodified asphalt binders recovered from in-service pavements. Recent research and experience show that the RTFOT, while satisfactory for unmodified binders, is not an appropriate aging procedure for modified binders. During the test, modified asphalt binder films often do not flow within the rotating bottle, violating the basic premise of the test method, i.e., that the binder is exposed to heated air in a continuously moving thin film. This problem was evaluated in National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 9-10, "Superpave Protocols for Modified Asphalt Binders"; that research reached the same conclusion, that the present RTFOT does not adequately simulate the aging of modified asphalt binders that occurs in the field. Work is underway in NCHRP Project 9-23, "Environmental Effects in Pavement Mix and Structural Design Systems," to (1) verify the estimated period or rate of aging simulated by the current Superpave long-term binder aging and HMA conditioning procedures -- AASHTO PP1 and PP2 -- with data from Long Term Pavement Performance Seasonal Monitoring Program (LTPP SMP) and other relevant field experiments and (2) recommend any revisions to the procedures necessary to better match the laboratory aging to the original estimates. Due to the lack of SMP sections constructed with modified asphalt binders, this effort will necessarily concentrate on the behavior of unmodified materials. There has been considerable activity in recent years, both in the United States and in other countries, to find a more effective laboratory-aging procedure for asphalt binders. Most of this activity has focused on mimicking the physical property changes that occur during field aging; however, researchers have also considered chemical changes that occur during aging, particularly with respect to the kinetics of long-term field aging. Therefore, the development of new binder aging procedures should preferably consider both short- and long-term aging as well as the physicochemical characterization of the asphalt. Clearly, a new procedure to properly mimic short-term and long-term aging must be developed that is suitable for routine specification use, is user friendly, and has a short completion cycle. A single procedure, as long as it properly represents both short- and long-term field-aging mechanisms, should ideally replace both the RTFOT and PAV procedures. However, the approach selected in this project is to develop a procedure that is suitable for short-term aging and extendible to long-term aging. The first step, undertaken here, is the identification of potential procedures for calibration and validation with the laboratory aging of HMA mixes. Field calibration and validation will be pursued in future projects. The objective of this study is to develop and validate a recommended procedure for the short-term laboratory aging of asphalt binders usable in a purchase specification such as AASHTO M320 that (1) is equally applicable to neat and modified materials, (2) mimics the physical changes that occur in HMA mixes conditioned in accordance with AASHTO PP2, (3) quantifies binder volatility, and (4) is extendible to long-term binder aging. KW - Aging (Materials) KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Binder content KW - Binders KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Laboratory tests KW - Pavements KW - Volatility UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=970 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1339639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962811 AU - Spring, G S AU - University of Missouri, Rolla AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SHOULDER RUMBLE STRIPS IN MISSOURI PY - 2003/02/14 SP - 24 p. AB - The objective of this multi-phase project was to develop a set of guidelines for the use and design of rumble strips in Missouri which addresses the needs of both motorists and bicyclists and to specifically answer the two design questions posed. With regard to these questions, it was found that shoulder rumble strips (SRS) narrower than the current width and that would fit within the construction joint area could indeed be designed and used safely. Key recommendations pertaining to SRS use are as follows: (1) Install on all rural freeways and expressways; (2) Do not install in urban areas unless an engineering study has been conducted and has found that run-off-road crash history exceeds acceptable values and it is determined that SRS would be effective in reducing those numbers; (3) Speed limit must exceed 45 mph; (4) On non-freeway/expressway sections, free shoulder width must exceed 4 ft (5 ft in guard rail sections). Shoulders not meeting these criteria are not wide enough to accommodate both SRS and cyclists. In this latter event, decision must be made whether, for shoulders wider than 2 ft, crash history or cyclist usage should be given priority on the facility. When SRS are installed in this case, cyclists must be denied access to the facility. For shoulders less than 2 ft wide, SRS should not be installed; and (5) The uninterrupted length of highway must exceed 1/30 of the design speed. The following SRS design recommendations are proposed: (1) Milled-in SRS with 5-in. grooves, 7/16 in. deep, on 12-in. spacing; (2) For all freeways use continuous strips that are 16 in. wide and 6 in. offset from the shy line; (3) For non-freeways with shoulder widths exceeding 6 ft, use intermittent strips (12-ft gaps with 60-ft cycles) that are 16 in. wide and 6 in. offset from the shy line; (4) For non-freeways with shoulder widths from 5 ft to 6 ft, use intermittent strips (same pattern as above) that are 12 in. wide, on the shy line; (5) For non-freeways with shoulder widths from 2 ft to 5 ft, conduct needs studies based upon crash histories and bicycle use; and (6) For non-freeways with shoulder widths less than 2 ft, do not install SRS. A process for evaluating the on-site performance of rumble strips to be used to refine the guidelines to best suit Missouri's conditions is also provided. KW - Cyclists KW - Design KW - Expressways KW - Freeways KW - Guidelines KW - Missouri KW - Recommendations KW - Road shoulders KW - Rumble strips KW - Rural areas KW - Speed limits KW - Utilization KW - Width UR - http://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/Ri01057/RDT03007.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56000/56074/RDT03007.PDF UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660852 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460742 TI - Applying Development Pattern Metrics to Understand Land Use/Tranportation AB - This project will expand research on analytical tool for estimateing potential effectiveness of TDM and Land Use strategies for communities in the I-405 Corridor KW - Communities KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - Performance evaluations KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1228960 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00940842 AU - Paulsen, T J AU - Sicking, D L AU - Holloway, J C AU - University of Nebraska, Lincoln AU - Nebraska Department of Roads AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EMBANKMENT WIDENING AND SLOPES FOR ENERGY ABSORBING END TERMINALS PY - 2003/02/07 SP - 37 p. AB - Full-scale crash testing has shown that W-beam guardrails do not perform well when installed on even modest roadside slopes. In order to provide the maximum clear recovery area, guardrails are installed as far as possible from the traveled way. This practice causes guardrail terminals to be placed adjacent to roadside slopes and embankments. Vehicles that strike guardrail terminals are often allowed to pass through the systems at a relatively high speed. There is a concern that even moderate embankments placed near the end of a guardrail could cause these vehicles to rollover. Safety performance evaluation criteria contained in NCHRP Report 350 recommend that guardrail terminals be tested on flat ground. Hence, there is a great deal of uncertainty regarding acceptable terrain configurations near a guardrail terminal. One important finding from this study is that energy-absorbing terminals greatly reduce the velocity of small vehicles. Energy-absorbing terminals were found to reduce speeds by 75% during head-on impacts and approximately 50% when the terminal is struck at an angle of 15 degrees. These large reductions in vehicle velocity greatly reduce the risk of vehicle rollover as it moves onto roadside slopes and ditches. The HVOSM modeling effort predicted that energy absorbing terminals, when installed adjacent to roadside slopes of 4:1, would not be likely to cause rollovers. Further, the simulation efforts did not predict rollover for nominal levels of friction, even when 3:1 slopes were placed behind the guardrail. The simulation study only predicted rollover when the tire ground friction was increased to artificially high levels to model wheel rutting in soft soil. Even under that circumstance, rollover was predicted for only one of the four crash tests included in the study. KW - Embankments KW - Energy absorbing materials KW - Guardrail terminals KW - Guardrails KW - Highway safety KW - Rollover crashes KW - Simulation KW - Slopes KW - Speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01518978 AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Mitretek Systems AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Weather in the Infostructure PY - 2003/02/04/Final Report SP - 26p AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Operations is currently investigations the overall information data requirements necessary to support a minimum level of management and operation of the transportation system in real time. This proposed network of data collection and dissemination for system management is known as the Infostructure. To date, the FHWA has identified three primary areas where the Infostructure is relevant: 1) Congestion Management; 2) Security Management; and 3) Weather Response. This paper addresses the Weather Response component. Its primary purpose is to discuss the fundamental data needs of the weather Infostructure component, and to estimate an aggregate cost for national deployment of road weather data collection systems. It does this by first documenting a methodology for determining the number of Road Weather Information System (RWIS) sensors (sometimes called “environmental sensing stations,” or ESS) needed across the country to support basic road weather needs, and then documenting a methodology for determining the cost. The paper does not address the information systems needed to convert the sensor data into timely, accurate, and relevant road weather information for specific users. This paper concentrates on metropolitan areas with populations greater than one million, of which there are 61 according to the latest census information. KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Methodology KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Road weather information systems KW - Sensors KW - United States KW - Weather conditions UR - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/weather/best_practices/WeatherInInfostructure2003.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1300463 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00963106 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PLANNING IT SAFE: INTEGRATING SAFETY IN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM DESIGN AND OPERATIONS, KANSAS CITY, FEBRUARY 4, 2003 PY - 2003/02/04 SP - 20p AB - In 1998, Congress passed the Transportation Equity Act for the 21 st Century or TEA-21. For the first time, this legislation requires state departments of transportation (DOTs) and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) to incorporate safety and security as priority factors in their respective transportation planning processes and activities. Prior to TEA-21, safety was sometimes a prominent factor in project development and design, but this legislation calls for safety consciousness in a more comprehensive, systemwide, multimodal context. It implies collaboration with the other safety communities, transit operators, local jurisdictions and others. The Washington meeting identified several action steps for promoting safety conscious planning (SCP), and an informal ad hoc working group was formed to provide guidance and track progress. One of the recommended initiatives was to encourage a series of forums bringing representatives of the various interests together to discuss strategies for sharing resources and working collaboratively. The Working Group intended for each forum to be tailored to the needs of the individual jurisdictions. This is accomplished through a pre-forum planning meeting with the forum's leaders. The Mid-America Regional Council is one of 12 transportation planning agencies to commit resources and provide leadership in safety conscious planning by hosting a partnership forum. A planning meeting took place in July 2002. The purpose was to articulate the purpose and objectives for the forum, outline an agenda, develop a participant list and address the logistical and process issues for conducting the event. The planning group articulated the following objectives for the Forum: (1) Improve the transportation planning process from a safety perspective; (2) Educate the constituent agencies and organizations to elevate their understanding of safety issues; (3) Gain momentum on continuing projects, e.g. the Smart Moves transit project, Kansas City Scout (the region's freeway management system) and Operation Green Light, the region's arterials traffic signal coordination project; (4) Increase knowledge of data systems and access to quality data and information; (5) Understand and address the problems associated with heightened awareness of homeland security issues; (6) Identify and clarify the connection between operations and safety, especially as it relates to proactive and reactive planning strategies; and (7) Address a series of questions: (a) What is the state-of-the-art in transportation safety planning? (b) What is our vision and what do we need to manage as we move forward? (c) What is working now and what needs improvement? (d) In what areas do system management and safety overlap? (e) How do we make it happen and what should our action plan contain? U1 - PLANNING IT SAFE: Integrating Safety in Transportation System Design and OperationsMid-America Regional Council, U.S. Department of TransportationKansas City, Missouri StartDate:20030204 EndDate:20030204 Sponsors:Mid-America Regional Council, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Arterial highways KW - Databases KW - Education KW - Freeway management systems KW - Kansas City (Missouri) KW - National security KW - Operations KW - Partnerships KW - Public transit KW - Safety conscious planning KW - State departments of transportation KW - State of the art KW - System design KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation safety UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/scp/scpmofrm.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/664039 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459195 TI - National Transportation Enhancements Clearinghouse AB - No summary provided. KW - National security KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Research projects KW - Trails KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Warehousing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227407 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01458684 TI - Services to Operate the FHWA Information Products Distribution Center AB - No summary provided. KW - Information systems KW - Information technology KW - Operations KW - Product development KW - Research projects KW - Serviceability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1226895 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074598 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Upgrade State Route 149 to Four-Lane Expressway, from Route 40 north of Orville to Route 99 south of Chico, in Butte County : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/02//Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833992 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00974962 AU - Wunderlich, K AU - Hardesty, D AU - Mitretek Systems AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A SNAPSHOT OF SUMMER 2001 WORK ZONE ACTIVITY PY - 2003/02 SP - v.p. AB - Researchers conducted a survey of 789 work zones posted on 13 state road closure and construction websites during a two-week snapshot of the peak summer roadwork season in 2001. The goal of this study was to catalogue the work zone related content of these websites and explore the use of the data obtained to estimate national-level statistics such as the number of miles on the National Highway System (NHS) with work zones during the peak of the summer roadwork season. The number of work zones as well as the data reported by each state varied widely, because states have different criteria for selecting work zones for posting on the web. Some states reported many work zones but provided fewer data elements while others reported on fewer work zones but provided more data elements. Attributes of roadwork that are determined early and are unlikely to change were more frequently reported, e.g., project duration and purpose. Less frequently reported elements included attributes that are difficult to predict in advance or those that change frequently (such as work zone length, and the time-of-day when lane closures occur). Predictions of delay beyond a simple advisory are rare, particularly quantitative estimates of delay. KW - Summer KW - Surveys KW - Websites (Information retrieval) KW - Work zones UR - http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/docs/2001WZSnapshot(final).pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/29000/29200/29208/2001WZSnapshot_final_.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/698527 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00974286 AU - Hopwood, T AU - Palle, S AU - Younce, R AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF BRIDGE CLEANING OPERATIONS PY - 2003/02 SP - 62 p. AB - Cleaning (washing) operations of existing leaded paints on bridges were studied to determine the level of lead contamination in the resulting wastewater. Twelve experimental overcoating projects were let on bridges with various types of existing paint in varying states of deterioration. The projects employed different washing pressures ranging from 2500 psi to 10,000 psi and various wash nozzles (fan and 0 deg spinner tips). Kentucky Transportation Cabinet standard filtration was used on 10 projects and 2 projects used an experimental filtration unit having a sand filter and two types of chemical filter media. Prior to painting, the existing paint was analyzed for thickness, adhesion, and lead content. Wastewater generated during maintenance painting operations (potable, unfiltered and filtered) was sampled and analyzed for lead content (total and dissolved), total suspended solids and pH. No clear correlations were obtained between lead in the wastewater, wash pressures, nozzle type, or any of the existing paint parameters tested. The sand filter and chemical filter media of the experimental filtration unit provided significant removal of lead from wastewater. KW - Blast cleaning KW - Bridges KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Filters KW - Filtration KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Lead based paint KW - Lead content KW - Nozzles KW - pH value KW - Suspended solids KW - Washing KW - Wastewater UR - http://www.ktc.uky.edu/files/2012/06/KTC_03_03_SPR_224_01_1F.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/698049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00972252 AU - Aubeny, C AU - Lytton, R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LONG-TERM STRENGTH OF COMPACTED HIGH-PI CLAYS PY - 2003/02 SP - 100 p. AB - Moisture infiltration into earth slopes and structures constructed of high-plasticity clays will lead to a reduction in soil suction and strength that can ultimately result in stability failure. This research presents a rational analysis of this process that: establishes a relationship between soil suction and strength, and provides a framework for predicting the time rate of strength loss due to moisture infiltration into an earth mass. This research utilizes a generalized form of the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion to characterize the effects of suction on soil strength. A diffusion equation governs changes in soil moisture and suction. This equation is in general non-linear for unsaturated soils; however, this research uses a linearized formulation through appropriate transformation of variables. This research also presents methods for estimating the necessary material parameters needed for input into the moisture diffusion model. The suction-strength relationships and moisture diffusion analyses are applied to back-analyzing a number of shallow slope failures in Texas high-PI (plasticity index) clays. The moisture diffusion analysis is also extended to typical Texas Department of Transportation earth-retaining structures to predict decreases in suction during the life of these structures. Based on these suction predictions, estimates of soil strength within an earth structure as a function of location and time are possible. KW - Compacted clays KW - Earth walls KW - Embankments KW - Linear equations KW - Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion KW - Moisture diffusion KW - Plasticity index KW - Slope stability KW - Soil strength KW - Soil suction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/697086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970607 AU - Tsyganov, A AU - Machemehl, R AU - Harrison, R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COMPLEX WORK ZONE SAFETY PY - 2003/02 SP - 84 p. AB - During the past several years, the continuous industrial development in Texas, as well as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), led to a population increase and a significant growth of freight movements through Texas. This caused an overload of the existing highway network in many Texas regions and in turn necessitated alterations and improvements to bring the transportation system up to date. Numerous work zones currently cause significant changes in traffic operation and safety. The present research was focused on identifying existing problems and developing recommendations that better address complex work zone traffic control situations as an overall system. An extended literature review regarding different impacts of complex work zones on traffic operation and safety allowed for determination of the most frequent types of accidents and the major contributing factors. The researchers analyze different work zone designs from safety and operational perspectives, and compare the obtained findings with current design standards. Studies of drivers' behavior and reactions at different workloads were conducted. Improvement solutions were identified, and recommendations for complex work zone traffic control plan designs were developed. KW - Behavior KW - Contributing factors (Accidents) KW - Crash types KW - Design standards KW - Drivers KW - Literature reviews KW - Work zone safety KW - Work zone traffic control KW - Work zones KW - Workload UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/4021_3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696579 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970610 AU - Bhat, C R AU - Srinivasan, S AU - Guo, J Y AU - Sivakumar, A AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACTIVITY-BASED TRAVEL-DEMAND MODELING FOR METROPOLITAN AREAS IN TEXAS: A MICRO-SIMULATION FRAMEWORK FOR FORECASTING PY - 2003/02 SP - 56 p. AB - The project aims to comprehensively model the activity-travel patterns of workers as well as nonworkers in a household. The activity-travel system will take as input various land-use, sociodemographic, activity system, and transportation level-of-service attributes. It will provide as output the complete daily activity-travel patterns for each individual in the household. This report presents a methodology to apply the developed model system for forecasting. A micro-simulation framework is developed and details of the proposed implementation scheme are discussed. KW - Activity choices KW - Forecasting KW - Households KW - Land use KW - Level of service KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Microsimulation KW - Texas KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/4080_4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696582 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970599 AU - Chavez, CIM AU - Dossey, T AU - McCullough, B F AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UPDATED STATUS OF THE CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DATABASE IN TEXAS: IMPROVEMENTS AND TRENDS PY - 2003/02 SP - 74 p. AB - This report describes the most current tasks developed under Research Project 0-1778 of the Texas Department of Transportation. The report focuses on the description of the continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) sections contained in the Rigid Pavement Database, which compiles 26 years of information about representative pavement sections spread across the state. A demographic analysis of the CRCP sections in the database, achieved and pursued tasks, and recommendations are among the topics treated herein. KW - Condition surveys KW - Continuously reinforced concrete pavements KW - Databases KW - Inventory KW - Pavement management systems KW - Pavement performance KW - Rigid pavements KW - Texas UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1778_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970578 AU - Quiroga, C AU - Kraus, E AU - Stockton, B AU - Harrison, R AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TEXAS MODEL BORDER CROSSING PROJECT: RETROFIT REPORT PY - 2003/02 SP - 98 p. AB - This document describes work undertaken as part of the Texas Model Border Crossing Project (Study 5-9014) commissioned by the Texas Department of Transportation in 2000. This is an evaluation of the feasibility of retrofitting existing border crossings with elements of the prototype border crossing facility developed in the early stages of the study. Seven components were identified in the prototype design, five in the federal facility and two in the adjoining state vehicle safety inspection facility. The report evaluates northbound truck processing and is based on the Automated Commercial Environment (ACE)/International Trade Data System (ITDS) systems currently being developed by U.S. Customs. This permits electronic checking of tractor, trailer (or chassis/container), cargo, and driver data to complete more traditional inspection activities. The retrofit analysis is a pre-feasibility physical evaluation of the prototype characteristics--based on site visits and aerial photographs. The photographs are of particular interest to those working at the border since they were taken in mid to late 2001. KW - Aerial photography KW - Automated Commercial Environment KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Inspection KW - International borders KW - International Trade Data System KW - Mexico KW - Ports of entry KW - Retrofitting KW - Security KW - Texas UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/9014_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969938 AU - Aubeny, C AU - Lytton, R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ESTIMATING STRENGTH VERSUS LOCATION AND TIME IN HIGH-PLASTICITY CLAYS PY - 2003/02 SP - 60 p. AB - Suction strongly influences the soil strength in slopes and earth structures constructed of high-plasticity clays. Strength degradation in earth structures can be explained in terms of moisture infiltrating into the soil mass, which reduces the suction and therefore strength of the soil. A moisture diffusion coefficient, alpha, controls the rate of moisture diffusion into a soil mass. Changes in suction during the life of a structure can be predicted from analytical and numerical solutions of the diffusion equation. This manual provides guidelines for predicting soil strength from estimated values of suction, estimating the moisture diffusion coefficient, and predicting suction as a function of location and time based on the estimated moisture diffusion coefficient. From these three steps, soil strength can be estimated as a function of location and time in slopes and earth structures. KW - Clay soils KW - Earth structures KW - Estimating KW - Guidelines KW - Location KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Moisture diffusion KW - Plasticity KW - Slopes KW - Soil strength KW - Soil suction KW - Time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969810 AU - Hopkins, T C AU - Beckham, T L AU - Sun, L AU - Butcher, B AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A STATEWIDE LANDSLIDE INVENTORY PROGRAM PY - 2003/02 SP - 59 p. AB - Development of a comprehensive geotechnical database for risk management of highway landslide problems is described. Computer software selected to program the client/server application in a data window, components and structure of the geotechnical database, and some of the primary factors considered in constructing the database are discussed. In the establishment of a large database that will be used widely, it is extremely important to select development software that will allow simultaneous use of the database by numerous users. Major integrated components of the database include landslide, rock slope, and soil and rock engineering data. This report mainly focuses on the landslide component. The landslide database module provides programmed procedures for gathering field data and rating the severity of landslides. Secondary components of the database include statistical analyzers and engineering applications for performing "on-line" analysis of data, developing correlation between different soil parameters, and performing engineering analysis and designs. Procedures for entering historical soil and rock engineering data have been developed. Procedures for entering and retrieval of landslide and rock slope data have been developed. Methods for "capturing" geotechnical data in a "real-time" mode, which will allow the storage of geotechnical data as it is generated, are currently being programmed. Issues concerning database security, engineering units, and storing and displaying maps, graphics, and photographs are discussed. The database contains procedures for dynamically overlaying the locations of landslides, rock slopes, and borings onto embedded roadway and digitized geological maps. Latitudes and longitudes of rock slopes and landslides were determined using Global Positioning System equipment (sub-meter accuracy). Strategies and illustrations of graphical user interfaces for data entry and retrieval are discussed. Some 1,400 highway landslides were identified and rated using a simple system devised by the University of Kentucky Transportation Center and the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet. KW - Data collection KW - Data storage KW - Databases KW - Digital maps KW - Engineering geology KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Global Positioning System KW - Graphical user interfaces KW - Inventory KW - Kentucky KW - Landslide rating KW - Landslides KW - Real time data processing KW - Risk management KW - Rock slopes KW - Software UR - http://www.ktc.uky.edu/files/2012/06/KTC_03_07_SPR_176_98_1F.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680755 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00965946 AU - Muzio, R R AU - Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DESIGN AND OPERATION OF AN ELECTRONIC SCREENING SYSTEM FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES IN GEORGIA PY - 2003/02 SP - 10 p. AB - The purpose of this study was Georgia Department of Transportation (DOT) deployment of an operations center for its Automated Vehicle Identification (AVI) system. The function of the operations center is to download an enrolled vehicle file to the weigh stations, monitor AVI activity at the stations, upload station activity logs, and to modify station parameters such as pull-in rates. This operations center function has been previously performed by the Kentucky Transportation Center (KTC). The Georgia operations center provides centralized control and monitoring at the state level. Training for employment of the operations center utilized the operators manual provided by KTC. To ensure proper functioning of the operations center, AVI computers were replaced at the Monroe County weigh stations on I-75 in Georgia, and a technician was trained to perform this function at the other four I-75 weigh stations. Four new hard drives were cloned in order to assist with the replacement of AVI computers at the other stations. The external interface of the AVI system was evaluated for possible integration with the Weigh in Motion (WIM) and "Open/Closed" changeable message sign (CMS) systems at Georgia's weigh stations. Technical documentation for the AVI system's external interface was obtained, and the electronic interface between the AVI system and the CMS was characterized. Documentation for the WIM and CMS subsystems, however, was unavailable; hence this task could not be completed. KW - Automatic vehicle identification KW - Commercial vehicle operations KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Electronic screening KW - Georgia KW - Variable message signs KW - Weigh in motion KW - Weigh stations UR - http://g92018.eos-intl.net/ELIBSQL14_G92018_Documents/2013.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/678148 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00965929 AU - PARRISH, A AU - Brown, D AU - University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AU - Alabama Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REPORT: INTEGRATION OF CRASH, PAVEMENT, ADT AND FRICTION DATA FOR ALABAMA PY - 2003/02 SP - 62 p. AB - The objective of this study and software development project was to improve safety capability by identifying the relationship between several roadway characteristics and safety. The Critical Analysis Reporting Environment (CARE) software was used as the information mining engine to perform the analysis. Relationships were obtained between crashes, average daily traffic (ADT), shoulder surface type, number of lanes, lane width, outer and inner lane superelevation, average grade, sag/crest, and pavement friction. The entire roadway was modeled so that characteristics of crash locations could be compared with those at non-crash locations within specific ADT ranges. This enabled the determination of potentially hazardous locations prior to any crashes occurring. For example, a cross-tabulation of curvature and superelevation enables identification of locations where extreme negative superelevation occurs on sharp curves. KW - Alabama KW - Average daily traffic KW - Crash characteristics KW - Crash data KW - Crash locations KW - Friction KW - Highway grades KW - Highway safety KW - Paved shoulders KW - Pavements KW - Road shoulders KW - Software KW - Superelevation KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic safety KW - Width UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/678131 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964792 AU - Frosch, R J AU - Blackman, D T AU - Radabaugh, R D AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF BRIDGE DECK CRACKING IN VARIOUS BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURE SYSTEMS PY - 2003/02 SP - 281 p. AB - Many bridges in the state of Indiana have been identified to have cracking in the concrete deck. Cracking has been identified in the negative and positive moment regions of bridges on both the top and bottom surfaces and can appear before or shortly after the opening of the structure to live loads. Significant crack widths and various degrees of cracking exist in different bridge systems including both concrete and steel superstructures. This research project was divided into five phases to determine the factors affecting transverse and longitudinal bridge deck cracking, as well as, to develop design recommendations that minimize or prevent these types of bridge deck cracking. The research focused on the design and construction of new bridge decks. However, an overview of overlay cracking is also presented. The first phase was a field evaluation to investigate the scope of the problem. Using the information gathered from the first phase, the second phase instrumented a typical bridge structure to provide an understanding of the behavior of transverse cracks in a concrete bridge deck. With the findings from the previous two phases, the third phase conducted a laboratory investigation to study the effects of shrinkage and restraint of a concrete deck and to determine the contribution of stay-in-place steel forms to the formation of transverse cracking. The fourth phase evaluated the effect of formwork type on restrained shrinkage. In the final phase, the effect of reinforcing bar spacings and epoxy thickness on crack width and spacings were evaluated. Based on the research investigation, transverse deck cracking is caused by restrained shrinkage of the concrete deck while longitudinal cracking is caused by a combination of factors including restrained shrinkage and a construction detail that turns the leg of an angle used to support stay-in-place formwork into the deck. Design and construction recommendations are provided to minimize transverse, longitudinal, and overlay map cracking. KW - Bridge decks KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Epoxy resins KW - Field studies KW - Formwork KW - Indiana KW - Laboratory studies KW - Longitudinal cracking KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Shrinkage KW - Spacing KW - Stay-in-place steel forms KW - Thickness KW - Transverse cracking KW - Width UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1605&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661524 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964793 AU - Corson, L A AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A DATABASE AND SYSTEM FOR ANALYZING THE ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF EXISTING AND PLANNED INDOT SITES PY - 2003/02 SP - 373 p. AB - The objectives of this research were: (1) to identify the source, character, currency and format of environmental, ecological, geological and other data for each existing facility site and organize it is a "hard copy" and/or computerized framework to aid the prioritization and planning process for facility upgrades to protect the environment, for regulatory compliance, and for potential replacement or relocation of existing sites; (2) to identify and assess the criteria currently employed by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to select locations for new and/or relocated facilities, including the ASTM Phase I and II Environmental Site Assessment criteria, and to recommend additional criteria including those required to mitigate potential environmental impacts at new sites, if necessary; (3-4) to recommend Best Management Practices (BMPs) for implementation at existing sites to protect the environment and for new facilities sited at locations where potential environmental impacts exist, and to provide cost estimates of BMPs involving engineering upgrades for existing and new facilities; and (5) to recommend procedures and policies for decommissioning facilities prior to their closure and relocation. The research entailed a review of available geographic information system (GIS) databases from all government, institutional and private sources and the preparation of specific GIS maps depicting locations of INDOT facilities and highways and the publication of a directory and CD-ROM for use by INDOT staff. The GIS database investigation identified nine environmental sensitivity criteria that could be used to prioritize facilities relative to the potential threat they pose to the surrounding environment. The study included a thorough investigation of the literature concerning BMPs for control of storm water. A CD-ROM was prepared which included documents from 23 public, institutional and private sources and their hyperlinks. The study concludes with an analysis of the ASTM Phase I and II Standards for Environmental Site Assessments and the recommendation of the RISC Investigation Report format to supplement the use of Phase I and II for assessment of future facility sites and prior to closing existing facilities. KW - Best practices KW - Compliance KW - Cost estimating KW - Databases KW - Decommissioning KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental protection KW - Facilities KW - Geographic information systems KW - Indiana Department of Transportation KW - Literature reviews KW - Maps KW - Modernization KW - Planning KW - Regulations KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - State departments of transportation KW - Storm water management KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation facilities UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1530&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661525 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964788 AU - Stiady, J L AU - Hand, AJT AU - Noureldin, A S AU - Galal, K AU - Hua, J AU - White, T D AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NATIONAL POOLED FUND STUDY NO. 176: VALIDATION OF SHRP ASPHALT MIXTURE SPECIFICATIONS USING ACCELERATED TESTING PY - 2003/02 SP - 571 p. AB - This study was initiated in 1997 and incorporated two phases. The purpose of Phase I was to evaluate the sensitivity of tests to changes in certain factors within the framework of the Superpave specifications. The purpose of Phase II was to provide data for analysis of the effects of the primary factors of the study. The overall objectives of this study were to validate various Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) aggregate specifications and volumetric relationships established by Superpave. Specifically, the study addressed the effects of voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), fine aggregate angularity (FAA), and HMA mixture gradation on the rutting performance of mixtures designed in accordance with the Superpave volumetric mixture design procedure (N-design of 96). Mixture designs were conducted using a single neat PG64-22 binder, two nominal maximum aggregate sizes (19 and 9.5 mm), two coarse aggregate types (limestone and granite), three fine aggregate types possessing FAA values of 39, 44, and 50, and three gradation types (above, through, and below the restricted zone). The rutting performance of the mixtures were evaluated using the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT)/Purdue Accelerated Pavement Test Facility (APT), the Purdue Laboratory Wheel Track Test Device (PURWheel), and the Superpave Shear Tester (SST). In addition, triaxial testing was utilized to identify critical VMA. Test results indicate that APT, PURWheel, SST, and triaxial test are sensitive to material property changes. The observed VMA associated with rutting was higher than the Superpave minimum VMA requirements. VMA could not be correlated with performance data. Film thickness was identified as a robust mixture property that correlated better with rutting performance than traditional volumetric properties. Fine aggregate angularity was found to correlate with performance, but incorporating very high fine aggregate angularity did not necessarily provide better performance. Gradation influences APT, PURWheel, SST, and triaxial test results. However, the restricted zone may not be adequate to characterize gradation to ensure acceptable performance. The asphalt binder content corresponding to optimum triaxial strength and PURWheel rutting performance ranged from 0.0 to 0.5% less than the Superpave design asphalt binder content for most mixtures. Based on all test results and analyses, it is suggested that film thickness be included in mixture design procedures with an acceptable range of 7 to 9 microns. Stringent VMA criteria are not suggested because many factors can impact VMA process, such as asphalt binder content and density. These factors could deceive the essence of VMA as a durability or HMA structure parameter. The use of a typical value of FAA (45) is suggested for acceptable rutting performance. The mixture design and performance data suggest that achieving 4.0% air voids when using high FAA (50) blends can lead to excess asphalt and thus poor rutting performance. The selection of gradation with respect to the Superpave restricted zone as a requirement for performance is not suggested. KW - Accelerated tests KW - Aggregate gradation KW - Air voids KW - Angularity KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Binder content KW - Fine aggregates KW - Granite KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Limestone aggregates KW - Mix design KW - Pavement performance KW - Rutting KW - Specifications KW - Superpave KW - Triaxial shear tests KW - Validation KW - Voids in mineral aggregate UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1624&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661520 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964791 AU - Salgado, R AU - Yoon, Sangyol AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DYNAMIC CONE PENETRATION TEST (DCPT) FOR SUBGRADE ASSESSMENT PY - 2003/02 SP - 98 p. AB - In-situ penetration tests have been widely used in geotechnical and foundation engineering for site investigation in support of analysis and design. The standard penetration test (SPT) and the cone penetration test (CPT) are two typical in-situ penetration tests. The dynamic cone penetration test (DCPT) shows features of both the CPT and the SPT. The DCPT is performed by dropping a hammer from a certain fall height and measuring penetration depth per blow for each tested depth. The DCPT is a quick test to set up, run, and evaluate on site. Due to its economy and simplicity, better understanding of DCPT results can reduce efforts and cost for evaluation of pavement and subgrade soils. Present practice in determining the adequacy of a compacted subgrade is to determine the dry density and water content by either the sand-cone method or the nuclear gauge. The use of the resilient modulus (M sub r) has recently become mandatory for pavement design. To find the M sub r, a time-consuming test is required which demands significant effort. Therefore, a faster and easier alternative for compaction control in road construction practice is desired. To this end, the present project is a step towards the generation of sufficient data to create appropriate correlations between subgrade parameters and DCPT results. The present research considers several subgrade soils at different road construction sites. Each soil is tested in the field and in the laboratory. The field testing includes the DCPT and nuclear density gauge tests. Based on analysis of this testing, the relationships between the DCPT results and the subgrade parameters such as unconfined compression strength and resilient modulus are obtained. KW - Compaction KW - Compressive strength KW - Correlation analysis KW - Dynamic penetration test KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Modulus of resilience KW - Nuclear gages KW - Road construction KW - Subgrade (Pavements) UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1544&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962098 AU - Trinchieri, D AU - Ramsay, A AU - Delaney, T AU - Gilliland, M AU - Pic'l, G AU - Grove, L AU - Covansys AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF INTEGRATED DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (IDMS) OPTIONS FOR THE ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (ADOT) PY - 2003/02 SP - 267 p. AB - This report presents the comprehensive findings of Covansys relative to the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) Integrated Document Management System (IDMS) engagement. The overriding sense is that ADOT, while running with a significant level of efficiency and productivity, can still further optimize operations and client service through strategic implementation of IDMS technologies. Sound implementation of IDMS technologies will flatten the business process and raise service levels both internally and to the drivers and highway users of the State of Arizona. This report outlines the options and opportunities that exist for further deployments of IDMS and the appropriate design approach and steps towards acquiring and implementing IDMS related technologies, to increase the competitive advantage and service levels within ADOT. The report also presents a number of sample IDMS procurement scenarios, which describe the expenditures required to implement IDMS solutions within specific target areas of ADOT. These scenarios are presented as generic templates, which can be used across sections within ADOT, and also as a basis for future budget allocation processes by ADOT. KW - Arizona Department of Transportation KW - Budgeting KW - Customer service KW - Documents KW - Expenditures KW - Implementation KW - Integrated Document Management System KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Operations KW - Optimization KW - Procurement KW - Strategic planning UR - http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/statepubs/id/1234/rec/1 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660557 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960499 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates, Incorporated AU - South Western Regional Planning Agency AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CONGESTION MITIGATION SYSTEMS PLAN "VISION 2020" PY - 2003/02 SP - 85 p. AB - This study has developed a vision for southwestern Connecticut that will help reduce congestion, improve air quality and promote economic growth. It will build upon existing transportation assets and strive to improve overall system efficiency. It will also offer the transportation users choices. The study focus was to provide transportation system capacity in a way that both achieves study goals and allows transportation users to make choices rather than be required to change their way of life. The resulting vision is a hybrid of bus, rail and roadway strategies that offers customers improved flexibility in their travel options and could be incrementally expanded to meet future growth in demand. KW - Air quality KW - Bus transit KW - Connecticut KW - Countermeasures KW - Economic growth KW - Highway travel KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.swrpa.org/Files/Transfer.aspx?pid=529 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659977 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960158 AU - Shukla, A AU - Parameswaran, V AU - Kovolyan, E AU - University of Rhode Island, Kingston AU - Rhode Island Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DYNAMIC STRENGTH CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE PY - 2003/02 SP - 41 p. AB - A study has been performed investigating the effect of damage on the dynamic compressive strength and dynamic splitting strength of three different types of high performance concrete (HPC). Cylindrical concrete specimens were cored out of slabs cast and cured as ASTM C 192-95. The damage was induced into the samples by controlled impact using a drop weight tower and the amount of damage was quantified using a statistical microscopy technique. The samples were loaded in compression and indirect tension using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Apparatus. The results of the test indicated that the dynamic compressive strength of the three HPCs without damage was 2.5 times the static compressive strength. The strength reduction due to damage was insignificant. The dynamic splitting strength of the HPCs without damage was three times the static splitting strength, however, the strength decreased considerably with increasing levels of damage. However, the residual dynamic splitting strength at the highest level of damage was twice the static splitting strength. Quasi-static fracture toughness measurements were also carried out and the results are presented. KW - Compressive strength KW - Dynamic tests KW - Fracture properties KW - High performance concrete KW - Induced damage KW - Static tests KW - Tensile strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659900 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960043 AU - Allen, D L AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF FIELD PERMEABILITY AND LABORATORY SHEAR STRESS FOR WESTERN KENTUCKY PARKWAY, MILEPOST 18.240 TO MILEPOST 25.565, CALDWELL-HOPKINS COUNTIES PY - 2003/02 SP - 12 p. AB - This report lists and discusses results of field permeability tests and laboratory shear tests on samples from a construction project on the Western Kentucky Parkway in Caldwell-Hopkins Counties. Approximately 6,500 tons of asphaltic concrete overlay placed on this project failed to meet minimum density requirements. Field permeability tests were performed and the results showed that in areas where the mat failed to meet density requirements there was very high permeability. The laboratory shear tests also showed that there was a direct relationship between shear strength and density. A linear elastic layer stress analysis also indicated that the shear strength of all of the laboratory test specimens except one was less than the theoretical stresses that would occur under wheel loadings experienced in the field. It was concluded that the overlay would probably have a shortened service life due to the low densities which would possibly cause excessive raveling and rutting. It was recommended the material be removed and replaced. KW - Asphalt concrete KW - Density KW - Field tests KW - Kentucky KW - Laboratory tests KW - Overlays (Pavements) KW - Permeability KW - Rutting KW - Service life KW - Shear strength KW - Shear tests KW - Stripping (Pavements) UR - http://www.ktc.uky.edu/files/2012/06/KTC_03_05_SPR_245_02_1I.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/23000/23700/23766/KTC_03_05_SPR_245_02_1I.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659823 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942589 AU - Daigle, J AU - Zimmerman, C AU - University of Maine, Orono AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACADIA NATIONAL PARK ITS FIELD OPERATIONAL TEST--VISITOR SURVEY PY - 2003/02 SP - 104 p. AB - In 2002, as part of the Acadia National Park Field Operational Test, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) components were deployed to help visitors travel around Mount Desert Island and in Acadia National Park. Using data from surveys of visitors from July 29, 2002 to September 1, 2002, this report describes visit and visitor characteristics and visitor experiences using the traveler information. Information was collected from visitors (actually tourists and a small number of local residents) using two different survey instruments: an on-site interview and a more extensive mail-back questionnaire. A total of 1,278 questionnaires were mailed to visitors. Visitors returned 928 usable questionnaires for a 74% response rate. This survey of visitors to Acadia National Park and Mount Desert Island confirmed findings of previous studies that the experience was overwhelmingly positive for visitors. In assessing the impact that ITS had on visitors, the evaluation revealed that both users and non-users of the technologies had a pleasant experience and were able to enjoy their stay based on their choice of travel. Yet, when looking at the survey data in more detail, a picture clearly emerges that reveals definite benefits to the ITS users and the potential that ITS offers for both visitors, the Park, and the community of Mount Desert Island at large. KW - Acadia National Park KW - Benefits KW - Field tests KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Interviewing KW - Mount Desert Island (Maine) KW - National parks KW - Questionnaires KW - Residents KW - Surveys KW - Tourists KW - Travelers UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13806_files/13806.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643234 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942440 AU - Shukla, A AU - Bose, A AU - LEE, K W AU - Kovolyan, E AU - Barbare, N AU - University of Rhode Island, Kingston AU - Rhode Island Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DURABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF NOVEL CONCRETE-CENOSPHERE COMPOSITES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS PY - 2003/02 SP - 59 p. AB - A study has been conducted to further understand the performance of a lightweight concrete containing cenospheres instead of sand as the fine aggregate. Specifically the strength at low temperature, resistance to repeated freeze-thaw cycles and the effect of silane coating on cenospheres in concrete were investigated. The study is a continuation of a previous research project titled "Processing and Characterization of a Lightweight Concrete Using Cenospheres" in which a lightweight concrete was processed by replacing sand with cenospheres on a volume basis. The admixture silica fume was used (7%) to help enhance the interfacial properties between the cenospheres and cement matrix. The mechanical properties, including compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and fracture toughness, were tested at 0 deg C. The compressive strength increased by 30% at 0 deg C when compared to the room temperature value. Virtually no deterioration was found after 300 freeze-thaw cycles. The moisture adsorption capacity of cenospheres was observed to be 18 times greater than sand used in normal concrete. Water absorption by cenosphere concrete was greater than the normal concrete. The drying phenomenon of cenospheres, sand, and cenosphere concrete and the normal concrete was also studied. KW - Absorption KW - Cenospheres KW - Coatings KW - Compressive strength KW - Drying KW - Durability KW - Flexural strength KW - Fracture properties KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Lightweight concrete KW - Low temperature KW - Performance KW - Silane KW - Silica fume KW - Strength of materials KW - Tensile strength KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941444 AU - Ozbay, Kaan AU - Noyan, N AU - Rutgers University, Piscataway AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MIS INTERFACE PY - 2003/02 SP - 39 p. AB - The New Jersey Department of Transportation has been working on creating a digital database of its roadway plans and Right-of-Way (ROW) maps by scanning them to allow easy access to all prospective users. The scanned documents are location specific, and can be referenced to a specific geographical location on the New Jersey highway system. The best and most efficient way to search for these documents is clearly through their geographical locations. Thus, it is quite natural to develop a system that integrates the digitized document database with a Geographical Information System (GIS)-based highway database. The main goal of the prototype GIS-based Information System (GISMIS) is to provide an intelligent and easy to use computer tool to process this large database of digital roadway plans and ROW maps. GISMIS tool is connected to a third party product namely, Falcon/DMS, that is used to manage this large database of digital roadway plans and ROW maps. The user can easily identify his/her new location on the GIS map and then search the database for the scanned roadway plans and ROW maps associated with the location identified on the GIS map. KW - Database management systems KW - Digital maps KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information management KW - New Jersey Department of Transportation KW - Right of way (Land) UR - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/FHWA-NJ-2003-002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941343 AU - Bishara, Safwat W AU - MAHONEY, D AU - McReynolds, R L AU - King, G N AU - Kansas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MODIFICATION OF BINDER WITH ACID - ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES PY - 2003/02 SP - 37 p. AB - Modification (hardening) of binder by an acid extends the upper application limit and protects from possible rutting of a mix. Antistripping agents (ASA), on the other hand, have active amino hydrogens that, on mixing with a binder, help the latter adhere to aggregate surface and minimize moisture damage. It is not uncommon that the two effects that are simultaneously sought are a higher upper limit and a suitable protection from moisture attack. That is, both types of modifiers, acid and ASA, may be present in the same binder. Although each of the two types of modifiers has advantages when used separately, it is not known whether their coexistence in the same binder would enhance each other's benefits, limit the individual advantages of each or may even be detrimental. It is also not known whether there is an optimum amount of each modifier type when both are used together. To address these questions, two parameters were followed: first, the high critical temperature of the binder alone and in presence of each modifier type separately and combined; and second, the pH value of the aqueous layer obtained after extraction with water from the binder toluene solution. The pH measurements are similarly carried out on the binder alone and in presence of each modifier type separately then combined. The pH value provides a quantitative measure of the acidity (or alkalinity) of the water soluble constituents of a binder. This information might serve two purposes: first, an alkaline pH value denotes presence of an ASA and an acidic value denotes an acid; and second, a low pH value points to possible field interactions with an alkaline environment such as a limestone aggregate. KW - Acids KW - Antistrip additives KW - Bituminous binders KW - pH value KW - Rutting KW - Temperature UR - http://www.ksdot.org/PublicLib/publicDoc.asp?ID=003670579 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642620 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941312 AU - Mills, T AU - Beliveau, Y AU - Jung, K AU - Ilich, M AU - Graziani, C AU - Joshi, K AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVED DECISION MAKING IN CONSTRUCTION USING VIRTUAL SITE VISITS PY - 2003/02 SP - 26 p. AB - This study explored the dynamics of information exchange involving field issues relating to construction and the assistance that a virtual site visit can provide to the field decision-making process. Such a process can be used for inspection and surveillance situations in addition to field decision making. The virtual site visit integrates advanced digital audio/video/data conferencing technology in wired and wireless Internet formats to assist in communicating field situations to remote off-site personnel. At its highest development, project information can be transmitted wirelessly through the Internet from a remote construction site to a residency and then to multiple locations through existing communication networks. This research demonstrates the ability to provide high levels of information transfer at relatively low cost, thus enabling critical and timely decisions. This is done through the use of available hardware and software assembled in a manner that allows interactive real-time audio/video transmission and reception. The research identifies the types and applicability of information critical to design and construction operations and the applicability of the Internet and advanced technologies to improve communication and decision making. In addition, the technical limitations on implementation of low-cost real-time audio-visual information transfer were explored. KW - Construction management KW - Construction sites KW - Decision making KW - Digital audio KW - Digital video KW - Inspection KW - Internet KW - Real time information KW - Surveillance KW - Teleconferencing KW - Virtual reality KW - Virtual site visits UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37100/37120/03-CR8.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642588 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941316 AU - McGhee, K K AU - Flintsch, G W AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGH-SPEED TEXTURE MEASUREMENT OF PAVEMENTS PY - 2003/02 SP - 26 p. AB - This study was conducted to validate high-speed texture measuring equipment for use in highway applications. The evaluation included two high-speed systems and a new static referencing device. Tests were conducted on 22 runway and taxiway test sections from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Wallops Flight Facility and 7 surfaces from Virginia's Smart Road. Texture estimates recorded with the high-speed (dynamic) equipment correlated extremely well with estimates made with static referencing methods. The system developed by International Cybernetics Corporation was very functional for most conventional highway surfaces. However, a better correlation may be achieved with the referencing methods by using a system (such as the MGPS surface system developed by the Federal Highway Administration) that produces the American Society for Testing and Materials' standard mean profile depth. Finally, an analysis conducted using the CTMeter (circular track meter, a laser-based but static system) demonstrated an important advantage of combining indices produced from high-definition surface profiles. By comparing the mean profile depth with the root mean square data for a particular surface, it is possible to characterize more fully the shapes that contribute to a pavement's macrotexture. KW - High speed texture measuring equipment KW - Macrotexture KW - Mean profile depth KW - Measuring instruments KW - Pavements KW - Static referencing devices KW - Surface profile KW - Surface texture tests UR - http://virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/03-r9.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37100/37121/03-r9.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642592 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941318 AU - Clemena, G G AU - Pritchett, M B AU - Napier, C S AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - APPLICATION OF CATHODIC PREVENTION IN A NEW CONCRETE BRIDGE DECK IN VIRGINIA PY - 2003/02 SP - 39 p. AB - Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete bridges has been a major factor in limiting the service life of many such structures. As part of a concerted effort to identify cost-effective options for eliminating corrosion of reinforcement, the application of cathodic prevention was tried in a recently constructed concrete bridge deck. The incorporation of an impressed-current cathodic prevention system in a new concrete bridge deck while it was being constructed was made possible by the use of titanium mesh ribbon anodes coated with mixed-metal oxide. The anodes were spaced 32 cm (13 in.) apart and transversely across the entire bridge deck to allow for the trouble-free placement of the concrete. The system has been operating for almost 2 years with no extraordinary problems. A comparison of the long-term cost of this option with those of other options, such as the use of corrosion-resistant clad bars or stainless steel bars, indicated that this option is not economically favorable. KW - Bridge decks KW - Cathodic protection KW - Corrosion protection KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Virginia UR - http://virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/03-r11.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37100/37122/03-r11.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642594 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941317 AU - Miller, A B AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBILITY OF ROADS IN VIRGINIA PY - 2003/02 SP - 104 p. AB - At present, there are no clear standards for objectively researching and determining the National Register eligibility of roadways in Virginia. Basic historic documentation of Virginia roads is often poor, incomplete, or incorrect. These facts, along with the large number of old roads that lie within the borders of the Commonwealth, necessitate the identification of standards for historical documentation and a rating system for accurately and objectively determining the historic significance of roads in Virginia. This project identified standards for historical documentation of roads in Virginia and identified objective criteria for determining their historic significance (i.e., National Register eligibility). A general historical background of roads in Virginia, procedures for their evaluation for historic significance, and a number of case studies of various types of Virginia roads are included in this report. A series of recommendations are offered to address inconsistencies in the evaluation of Virginia roads for historic significance and misconceptions concerning various aspects of National Register designation. KW - Case studies KW - Documents KW - Historic sites KW - History KW - National Register of Historic Places KW - Roads KW - Virginia UR - http://virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/03-r10.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37100/37124/03-r10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642593 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941267 AU - Conrey, R Y AU - Mills, L S AU - University of Montana, Missoula AU - Montana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAYS AS POTENTIAL BARRIERS TO MOVEMENT AND GENETIC EXCHANGE IN SMALL MAMMALS PY - 2003/02 SP - 122 p. AB - Small mammal populations separated by highways may be partially or completely isolated from one another due to low dispersal capabilities, low probability of surviving highway crossing attempts, and/or avoidance of areas adjacent to highways. The objective was to determine how population connectivity is influenced by highways of different widths and traffic levels for several small mammal species that may experience varying success in crossing highways. Mark-recapture techniques were used to compare movement adjacent to highways to movement across highways for southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), yellow pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus), and red-tailed chipmunks (Tamias ruficaudus) in forested areas of western Montana. In addition, genetic techniques were used to compare gene flow (movement plus reproduction) adjacent to highways to gene flow across highways for red-backed voles, deer mice, and vagrant shrews (Sorex vagrans). Overall, 2.5 times more individuals moved adjacent to highways than across highways, and more crossed 2-lane than 4-lane highways. Observed movements varied among species, with forest-associated species (red-backed voles and chipmunks) more inhibited by highways than habitat generalists (deer mice). However, decreased movement has not yet led to genetic divergence for voles separated by highways. Gene flow across highways in deer mice was highly variable among sites, with an 11% decline in gene flow evident at one 4-lane highway site, in spite of relatively high numbers of observed movements at this site. Shrew gene flow was reduced by both 2- and 4-lane highways, and surprisingly, effect sizes (up to 37% decline) were largest for this habitat generalist. KW - Connectivity KW - Environmental impacts KW - Four lane highways KW - Gene flow KW - Genetics KW - Highways KW - Mammals KW - Montana KW - Population KW - Small mammals KW - Two lane highways UR - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/other/research/external/docs/research_proj/vert_barriers/final_report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642559 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941271 AU - Stordahl, D M AU - Jones, J AU - CDM AU - Montana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE SURVEY PY - 2003/02 SP - 65 p. AB - The Erosion and Sediment Control Organizational Structure Report was developed to aid in the development of a construction erosion and sediment control best management practices manual and training program. A survey of state departments of transportation was conducted to gain knowledge related to erosion and sedimentation organizational structures, controls, designs, implementation, monitoring, maintenance, and removal. The results of the survey are summarized and discussed in this report. KW - Best practices KW - Erosion control KW - Manuals KW - Montana KW - Organization KW - Organizational structure KW - Road construction KW - Sediment control KW - State departments of transportation KW - Surveys KW - Training UR - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/research/projects/env/erosion.shtml UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642563 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941273 AU - Stordahl, D M AU - CDM AU - Montana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: USERS SURVEY PY - 2003/02 SP - 96 p. AB - The Erosion and Sediment Control Manual and Training Program Users Survey Report was developed to aid in the development of a construction erosion and sediment control best management practices (BMPs) manual and training program. A survey of the Montana Department of Transportation personnel and other erosion and sediment control manual users was conducted to determine the following: design sources currently used; the choices of type of manuals; BMPs presently used with their efficiencies and inefficiencies; information that should be included in the manual and training program; as well as suggestions of how to restructure the present organization to incorporate personnel responsible for erosion and control tasks. The results of the survey are summarized and discussed in this report. KW - Best practices KW - Erosion control KW - Manuals KW - Montana KW - Organization KW - Organizational structure KW - Personnel KW - Road construction KW - Sediment control KW - Surveys KW - Training programs UR - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/research/docs/research_proj/erosion/users_survey.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642565 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941272 AU - Stordahl, D M AU - Huffsmith, R L AU - CDM AU - Montana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: REFERENCE MANUAL PY - 2003/02 SP - 300 p. AB - The Erosion and Sediment Control Construction Best Management Practices Manual was developed to assist in the design, construction, and post-construction phases of Montana Department of Transportation projects. This manual provides background to State and Federal regulations associated with erosion and sediment control practices including a general overview of the erosion and sediment processes. Best management practices (BMPs) are listed within the manual based on application categories. Each BMP is described; its applications and limitations are listed, as well as its design criteria. The design phase includes development of construction plans, notice of intent (NOI), and Stormwater Pollution and Prevention Plan (SWPPP). Construction phase includes the finalization of the SWPPP, NOI, and the implementation of BMPs. Post-construction phase includes monitoring, maintenance, and removal activities. KW - Best practices KW - Erosion control KW - Highway design KW - Manuals KW - Montana KW - Post-construction phase KW - Regulations KW - Road construction KW - Sediment control UR - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/research/projects/env/erosion.shtml UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642564 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941268 AU - Cuelho, E AU - Stephens, J AU - McDonald, C AU - Western Transportation Institute AU - Montana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A REVIEW OF THE PERFORMANCE AND COSTS OF CONTEMPORARY PAVEMENT MARKING SYSTEMS PY - 2003/02 SP - 31 p. AB - The objective of this study is to provide the Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) with information that will be useful in selecting cost effective pavement marking systems. This report begins with a description of available pavement marking technologies, including a discussion of performance parameters of importance and the advantages and disadvantages offered by the various technologies. A review of some of the pertinent studies completed by other states (Pennsylvania, Kansas, Minnesota, Virginia, Wyoming, North Dakota, and Idaho) on their pavement marking programs is subsequently presented. Based on the summary of the states included in this study, pavement markings such as conventional paints are viable in areas where pavement markings do not experience high levels of wear due to traffic or winter maintenance activities. In areas where more durability is required, such as intersections, highways in snowy areas, etc., durable products like epoxy paints or thermoplastics are justified. Since the MDT is able to procure epoxy paint markings for a very reasonable cost, greater use of this durable pavement marking is certainly justified, especially considering the level of wear Montana state highways experience from snowplowing and sanding. MDT's investigation of the use of mid-durable paints is warranted due to increased durability and lower cost of these products. In spite of their high cost, extruded thermoplastics and preformed tapes are still viable in areas of high wear, such as intersections and urban streets, according to the results of the studies reviewed in this report. KW - Costs KW - Durability KW - Epoxy resins KW - Idaho KW - Kansas KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance KW - Minnesota KW - Montana KW - North Dakota KW - Pennsylvania KW - Road marking materials KW - Road marking tapes KW - Thermoplastic materials KW - Traffic paint KW - Virginia KW - Wyoming UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24700/24765/426425_Final_Report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642560 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941270 AU - Stordahl, D M AU - Jones, J W AU - CDM AU - Montana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: LITERATURE REVIEW PY - 2003/02 SP - 46 p. AB - The literature review identifies documents to aid in the development of an Erosion and Sediment Control Construction Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual and Training Program. Documents were obtained from several state departments of transportation, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Montana Department of Environmental Quality, the Federal Highway Administration, the Transportation Research Information Services, internal CDM documents, and other sources. These references contain erosion and sediment control information such as product acceptability lists; BMP selection, design, and maintenance; BMP evaluation and assessment; limitations of BMPs; and erosion and sediment control training. KW - Best practices KW - Erosion control KW - Literature reviews KW - Manuals KW - Montana KW - Road construction KW - Sediment control KW - Training UR - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/other/research/external/docs/research_proj/erosion/literature_review.pdf UR - http://www.mdt.mt.gov/research/projects/env/erosion.shtml UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642562 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939353 AU - Wenzlick, J D AU - Yin, Xinfeng AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF STAINLESS STEEL REINFORCEMENT, CONSTRUCTION REPORT PY - 2003/02 SP - 63 p. AB - Stainless steel reinforcement has greater corrosion resistance than that of the conventional reinforcement. In this project, bridge A6059, the first in Missouri utilizing stainless steel reinforcement in the deck, was constructed, along with bridge A6060, a control bridge using conventional rebars. An evaluation of the performance of stainless steel reinforcement will be conducted and will focus primarily on the durability and field performance of the stainless steel reinforced deck in comparison to that of the epoxy coated steel reinforced deck. The bridges will be researched utilizing non-destructive tests to monitor salt application and chloride penetration in correlation to presence of (or lack of) corrosion. Fiber optic chloride sensors were incorporated into both bridge decks. Cylinders were taken and tested for chloride permeability, and chloride samples were taken from the cylinders to get a base line chloride content of the concrete. In addition, half-cell potentials were taken and will continue to be taken to determine any corrosion. Maintenance costs will be documented in an effort to determine and compare life-cycle costs. KW - Bridge decks KW - Bridges KW - Chloride content KW - Chlorides KW - Corrosion KW - Durability KW - Epoxy coatings KW - Evaluation KW - Fiber optics KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Penetration resistance KW - Performance KW - Permeability KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Reinforcing steel KW - Sensors KW - Stainless steel UR - http://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/Ri00027/RDT03003.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13000/13045/RDT03003.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731013 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939355 AU - Bowders, J J AU - Blanco, A AU - Parra, J AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - University of Missouri, Columbia AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CHARACTERIZATION OF PERMEABILITY OF PAVEMENT BASES IN MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION'S SYSTEM PY - 2003/02 SP - 134 p. AB - The results of field (in-situ) and laboratory permeability testing showed Missouri Department of Transportation's (MoDOT's) predominant pavement base "Type 5" (and the upper "working" surface of the 2-foot rock fill alternative) has hydraulic conductivities that are several orders of magnitude (10-3 to 10-5 cm/s) lower than the freely-draining value of 1 cm/sec. Using the measured hydraulic conductivities in the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) DRIP 2.0 analysis for evaluating pavement performance resulted in drainage quality rankings of poor to very poor. Preliminary strength testing was performed on the Type 5 base in order to quantify the strength behavior. Results of cyclic triaxial tests under saturated, undrained conditions performed on compacted, Type-5 base showed the saturated base loses most of its strength within a few load cycles. Drained cyclic tests resulted in the same behavior - almost complete loss of strength in just a few load cycles. The findings indicate that the Type 5 base does not allow moisture to escape (drain) sufficiently fast enough during traffic loading, resulting in build up of excess pore water pressure and loss of strength in the layer. Given these findings, it is concluded that Missouri pavements are likely to require more frequent maintenance and are not lasting as long as they could be if adequate drainage were provided. It is recommended that a more durable roadway base be developed - one that provides an adequate working platform during construction and good drainage for extended lifetimes. Several tasks are recommended in order to gather high quality data (evidence) that are prerequisite for the development of an effective specification for roadway base in Missouri. A program of laboratory strength testing, in situ permeability testing, instrumented pavement sections and a geographical information system-based pavement performance database should be undertaken. Such a program will provide the necessary evidence on which to initiate changes to Missouri's pavement base system, which will provide higher performance, longer-lasting and more economical pavement systems. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Cyclic tests KW - Drainage KW - Durability KW - Missouri KW - Pavement performance KW - Permeability KW - Permeability coefficient KW - Repeated loads KW - Service life KW - State departments of transportation KW - Strength of materials KW - Traffic loads KW - Triaxial shear tests UR - http://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/Ri01006/RDT03005.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13000/13030/RDT03005.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731015 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939352 AU - Cardimona, S AU - Willeford, B AU - Webb, D AU - Hickman, S AU - Wenzlick, J AU - Anderson, N AU - University of Missouri, Rolla AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AUTOMATED PAVEMENT ANALYSIS IN MISSOURI USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR PY - 2003/02 SP - 158 p. AB - Current geotechnical procedures for monitoring the condition of roadways are time consuming and can be disruptive to traffic, often requiring extensive invasive procedures (e.g., coring). Ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology offers a methodology to perform detailed condition assessment of existing roadways, with the added advantage over other techniques of being rapid and cost-effective. This project and report were split into four different sections based on the type of roadway being surveyed. The first section presents the results of a GPR survey over portions of Interstate 44 near Springfield, Missouri. The goal of this survey was to evaluate concrete pavement layer thickness and continuity within the specific study regions. The second section applies GPR techniques to a survey along Interstate 70 across the state of Missouri. Goals of this survey were threefold: 1) determine layer thicknesses every tenth mile; 2) update history information related to types of pavements that make up I70 across Missouri; and 3) note regions where the radar signal appears anomalous. The third section applies GPR techniques to 35 test pavements of the Strategic Highways Research Program LTTP sites across the state of Missouri. The result is a correlation of GPR reflection character and GPR-derived layer thickness estimates with design information for each test pavement. In the last section of the report, GPR surveys were performed over 42 miles of secondary highways to determine the thickness of the asphalt pavement and also to determine if indications of potential maintenance problem areas could be identified. Asphalt surface layering proved to be the easiest to image, creating a strong signal in the GPR data. Not as consistently clear is the concrete-to-baserock interface where the dielectric contrast between these two media is not always strong enough to create a high amplitude reflected signal. It was also determined by correlation of GPR data and coring that anomalous areas could be characterized, especially to recognize pavement where the asphaltic cement was stripping from the aggregate. KW - Analysis KW - Asphalt KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - History KW - Long-Term Pavement Performance Program KW - Missouri KW - Pavement layers KW - Pavement maintenance KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Signals KW - Strategic Highway Research Program KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surveying KW - Test sections KW - Thickness UR - http://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/Ri98002/RDT03002.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13000/13027/RDT03002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731012 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962175 AU - Kranc, S C AU - Sagues, Alberto A AU - University of South Florida, Tampa AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADVANCED ANALYSIS OF CHLORIDE ION PENETRATION PROFILES IN MARINE SUBSTRUCTURE PY - 2003/01/31 SP - 87 p. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to examine the suitability of more advanced transport models for chloride analysis, and of operator-independent procedures, to improve the accuracy of the analysis of chloride data from field extracted cores and related durability projections. The work conducted involved formulating the transport processes in concrete, examining alternative methods for sampling and analysis, and developing appropriate improved procedures. A user-friendly computer spreadsheet program was developed using those procedures. Alternative approaches to fitting slice data were developed, capitalizing on the observation that many profiles still maintain a "square root of time" dependence even if not reflecting simple diffusion. These techniques permit forward prediction of chloride intrusion, and with chloride binding information may provide much improved durability estimates. The effect of surface layers which produce "peaks" in the profile data was investigated also. Relatively simple modeling was found to provide a satisfactory estimate of the chloride profile. Modeling indicates that the carbonation/release mechanism had little or no effect on the total chloride profile ahead of the carbonation front, so that a square root of time dependence of the profile shape is maintained, facilitating durability projection. Core slicing strategies to optimize the prediction of chloride intrusion and minimize costs associated with analysis were developed. Chloride profile fitting procedures including time dependent diffusion and cylindrical geometries were examined. It was tentatively concluded that cores cut from typical cylindrical piles can be analyzed by assuming planar geometry. A new fitting procedure to include chloride binding was developed. If the potential for physico-chemical binding exists, the choice of a model for chloride intrusion will be impacted. It was concluded that in the presence of binding the simplified (Fickian) analysis will produce conservative (but not accurate) predictions of time to corrosion initiation. An advanced binding model was developed and tested, which produces binding parameter information from a total chloride profile alone. KW - Chloride content KW - Concrete structures KW - Cores (Specimens) KW - Corrosion KW - Durability KW - Marine engineering KW - Mathematical models KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcing steel UR - http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_SMO/FDOT_BB880_rpt.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660596 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00940840 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Iowa Department of Transportation TI - AVENUE G VIADUCT AND CONNECTING CORRIDOR, CITY OF COUNCIL BLUFFS, POTTAWATTAMIE COUNTY, IOWA FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PY - 2003/01/30 SP - 67 p. AB - The purpose of the Project is to improve access for local emergency services and to improve safety through expanded capacity across the rail corridor. The project is in the community of Council Bluffs, Iowa, Pottawattamie County, and consists of a viaduct on avenue G seven blocks north of Broadway and a roadway connection to Kanesville Boulevard. Avenue G is an east-west arterial street, parallel to Broadway. The proposed viaduct and roadway connection would provide improved emergency service, safety, transportation continuity, community service and enhanced economic stability and development. Avenue G is an important link in the commercial, industrial and residential network of roadways within Council Bluffs. Alternative 1 (North 6th/7th One-way Pair) was identified as the preferred alternative in the draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). This remains the preferred alternative in the Final EIS. KW - Access KW - Arterial highways KW - Communities KW - Economic development KW - Emergency medical services KW - Emergency transportation KW - Emergency trips KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway capacity KW - Improvements KW - Iowa KW - Railroads KW - Transportation safety KW - Viaducts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731508 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01458335 TI - Comprehensive Highway Safety Improvement Model Software Development AB - This project is developing a set of software tools called SafetyAnalyst for use by state and local highway agencies in management of site-specific highway safety improvement programs. KW - Highway safety KW - Improvements KW - Program management KW - Research projects KW - Safety KW - Software packages KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1226546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00940843 AU - Polivka, K A AU - Faller, R K AU - Holloway, J C AU - Rohde, J R AU - University of Nebraska, Lincoln AU - Nebraska Department of Roads AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFETY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MINNESOTA'S LOW-HEIGHT, TEMPORARY RIGID PANEL SIGN STAND PY - 2003/01/23 SP - 23 p. AB - A wide variety of traffic controlling devices are used in work zones, some of which are not normally found on the roadside or in the traveled way outside of the work zones. These devices are used to enhance the safety of the work zones by controlling the traffic through these areas. Due to the placement of the traffic control devices, the devices themselves may be potentially hazardous to both workers and errant vehicles. The impact performance of many work-zone traffic control devices is mainly unknown and to date limited crash testing has been conducted, under the criteria of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report No. 350, Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features. The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety performance of a modified work-zone traffic control device through dynamic bogie testing according to the Test Level 3 (TL-3) criteria set forth in the NCHRP Report No. 350. Both of the impacts on the low-height, temporary rigid panel sign supports resulted in acceptable safety performances. Following the analysis of these crash tests as well as the test results from other testing programs, it has been found that slight variations in design features of the work-zone traffic control devices can lead to very different performance results. Therefore, extreme care should be taken in applying crash test results from one work-zone traffic control device to similar work-zone traffic control devices with slight variations. The results of the crash tests were documented and the temporary work-zone device was accepted by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) as a crashworthy device. KW - Design KW - Highway safety KW - Impact tests KW - Performance evaluations KW - Portable equipment KW - Rigid panels KW - Safety KW - Sign supports KW - Traffic control devices KW - Work zone safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731511 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01557270 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning. Task 28. Rural Conformity: A Survey of Practice AB - The objective of this task is to survey department's of transportation (DOT's) and metropolitan planning organization's (MPO's) across the country who have experience with conformity in rural areas and determine what institutional, decision making, and analytical methods they have used in their conformity analyses and prepare a list of recommended procedures and methods for performing conformity in rural areas. KW - Analysis KW - Decision making KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Planning KW - Regulations KW - Research projects KW - Rural areas KW - State departments of transportation KW - Surveys UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=909 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1346930 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01557264 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning. Task 35. Evaluating State DOT Planning Practices in Rural Planning AB - The objective of this research effort is to evaluate the planning practices of state department's of transportation (DOT's) in rural areas. The research should consider the extent to which the statewide plans consider the following elements in rural areas: (1) the detailed identification of needs for all modes; (2) the integration of transportation and land use planning; (3) the consideration of social, environmental and economic issues; (4) the needs of the elderly and transit dependent; (5) the level of public involvement in rural areas; (6) the existence and role of regional planning organizations; and (7) how rural issues and needs are reflected in the State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP). KW - Decision making KW - Economic analysis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Regional planning KW - Research projects KW - Rural areas KW - Rural transportation KW - Social benefits KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=909 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1346924 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460843 TI - Research Support for the AASHTO Special Committee on Transportation Security AB - This project is a continuation of Project 20-7/151C, and provides continuing support to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Transportation Security Task Force. Work items include a review of procedures used by State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) for handling sensitive security information; support for the AASHTO transportation security website; review of other security project materials in development; and a white paper on options for sunsetting the AASHTO Transportation Security Task Force, for consideration at its next meeting in April 2003. KW - Information dissemination KW - Information technology KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - National security KW - Research projects KW - Security KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation safety UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=633 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229061 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459237 TI - State and Local Customer Survey AB - No summary provided. KW - Customers KW - Local transportation KW - Research projects KW - States KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227449 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459091 TI - Evaluating Cultural Resource Significance-Implementation Tools AB - The objectives of this research are to (1) prepare a concise summary of the draft final report for NCHRP Project 8-40 and (2) develop prototype tools that will assist in improving the collection, organization and management of the collected data. KW - Culture (Social sciences) KW - Data collection KW - Implementation KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Research projects KW - Resource allocation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=914 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227303 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459239 TI - Facilitation of the Pilot Assessment of the Human-Centered System Lab AB - No summary provided. KW - Assessments KW - Laboratories KW - Laboratory studies KW - Laboratory tests KW - Pilot studies KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227451 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459240 TI - Evaluation of the FreezeFree Anti-Icing System AB - No summary provided. KW - Anti-icing KW - Deicing KW - Freeze thaw durability KW - Performance evaluations KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00943427 AU - Dieringer Research Group, Incorporated AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE OCCUPATIONAL LICENSING PROGRAM PY - 2003/01/10 SP - 31 p. AB - This report is a comprehensive analysis of the results of a three-phase project to evaluate the effectiveness of Wisconsin's Occupational Licensing program. Phase 1, Situation Assessment, was a literature review and survey of US states and Canadian provinces about their policies and practices concerning hardship licenses. The survey received responses from 40 US states, 7 Canadian provinces and 1 Canadian territory. Phase 2, Current Perceptions, evaluated professional and public understanding of the Wisconsin Occupational Licensing program. Professional understanding was evaluated through in-depth interviews with police officers, judges, attorneys, legislators, insurance companies and private employers. Public understanding was evaluated through a telephone survey of random adult Wisconsin residents. Phase 3, Occupational Licensee Assessment, identified characteristics, activities, driving habits, opinions and perceptions of Wisconsin drivers who operate with Occupational Licenses or who have lost their licenses and did not apply or were denied an Occupational License. The methodology included focus groups and mailed surveys, as well as in-depth analyses of six Wisconsin Department of Transportation driver databases. KW - Attorneys KW - Canada KW - Driver licenses KW - Drivers KW - Employers KW - Focus groups KW - Hardship driver licenses KW - Insurance industry KW - Interviewing KW - Judges KW - Limited driver licenses KW - Literature reviews KW - Occupational driver licenses KW - Police KW - Policy KW - Restricted driver licenses KW - Revocation KW - Surveys KW - Suspensions KW - United States KW - Wisconsin UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/02-10summary-f1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643504 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00974806 AU - White, T D AU - Buchanan, M S AU - Mississippi State University, Mississippi State AU - Mississippi Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECT OF END-POINT COMPACTION ON SUPERPAVE MIX DESIGNS PY - 2003/01/10 SP - 138 p. AB - In the Superpave hot mix asphalt (HMA) mix design system, gyratory specimens are compacted to varying levels of initial (Ninitial), design (Ndesign) and maximum (Nmaximum) gyrations. Initially, in the Superpave system, specimens were compacted to Nmaximum and their volumetric properties backcalculated at Ndesign. However, there can be errors in the HMA volumetric properties at Ndesign, as a result of the backcalculation. This study was conducted to determine differences in volumetric properties and design asphalt content for commonly used HMA mixes in Mississippi. Forty-eight mixes were first designed by compacting directly to Ndesign. Afterwards specimens were compacted to Ndesign and Nmaximum at the determined design asphalt content. Volumetric properties of specimens compacted directly to Ndesign were compared to those backcalculated from Nmaximum. Additionally, the Corelok vacuum sealing procedure, along with the conventional water displacement technique, was used to determine the bulk specific gravity of all compacted specimens. An evaluation of the effect of the Corelok device on the mix design asphalt content and voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) was conducted. Differences in the volumetric properties, as a result of compacting specimens directly to Ndesign, will result in a reduction of 0.14% design asphalt content and 0.29% VMA. By using the Corelok device and compacting specimens directly to Ndesign overall average increases in the design asphalt content and VMA of 0.15% and 0.35%, respectively, were observed. KW - Air voids KW - Asphalt content KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Backcalculation KW - Compaction KW - Corelok device KW - Gyratory testing machines KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Mix design KW - Superpave UR - http://www.gomdot.com/Divisions/Highways/Resources/Research/pdf/Reports/InterimFinal/SS145.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/44000/44500/44549/State_Study_145_-_Effect_of_End-Point_Compaction_on_Superpave_Hot_Mix_Asphalt__HMA__Mix_Designs.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/698219 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460944 TI - Simplified Shear Design of Structural Concrete Members AB - The objective of this project is to supplement the LRFD methods for shear design with procedures providing a direct solution for transverse and longitudinal reinforcement of concrete structures of common proportions. Recommendations for additions to the LRFD specifications and detailed design examples illustrating application of the proposed specifications shall be provided. The specifications shall be applicable to precast concrete strengths up to 18 ksi and cast-in-place concrete strengths to 10 ksi. KW - Cast in place concrete KW - Concrete KW - Design KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Precast concrete KW - Research projects KW - Shear strength KW - Shear stress KW - Structural design UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=349 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229162 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01459059 TI - Research for the AASHTO Standing Committee on the Environment. Task 5. Assessing the Current State of the NEPA Environmental Review Process AB - The objective of this study is to compile and analyze new and objective quantitative evidence from state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) about potential sources of delay associated with the NEPA process; and produce a set of succinct project case studies that illustrate the findings. KW - Case studies KW - Environmental impacts KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Process control KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Research projects KW - Reviews KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=761 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227271 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01463173 TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 34-08. Use of Ultra-Thin Whitetopping AB - Ultra-Thin Whitetopping (UTW) is a recently developed rehabilitation technique in which a 2 to 4 inch later of high-strength, fiber reinforced, Portland cement concrete is placed over a milled surface of rutted and/or cracked asphalt concrete pavement. The highway community would benefit from a synthesis of the use, criteria for selection, and performance of UTW. A survey of this literature, state DOTs, and highway research facilities will be performed to gather information for the synthesis. KW - Asphalt concrete pavements KW - Fiber reinforced concrete KW - Milling KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Portland cement KW - Portland cement concrete KW - Research projects KW - Whitetopping UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=64 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1231398 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01461326 TI - Alternate Corrosion Resistant Protection System for Post- Tensioned Bridge Members AB - The development of new post-tensioning materials and systems in recent years has made some of the durability research in this area obsolete. The current research is evaluating the corrosion resistance of both existing and potential post-tensioning materials as well as examining construction practices for the new systems. The research is funded by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Texas Department of Transportation (TXDOT). The new post-tensioning systems being investigated include combinations of strand, duct (with and without couplers), bearing plated and electrical isolation. The experimental program includes both long-term exposure tests and accelerated corrosion tests. The long-term program is modeled after previous post-tensioning durability research at the University of Texas. To provide continuity between the two projects and comparable results, this research used construction practices, exposure methods and monitoring conditions similar to those used in the previous research, with the exception that the current specimen uses only one-eighth of the materials used in previous specimens. The compact specimens should yield data fully comparable to that from the larger specimens of the previous project. This presentation focuses on the design and fabrication of the long-term exposure specimens. The accelerated testing of the materials and evaluation of construction practices will be completed in 2013 and report submitted. KW - Bridge members KW - Construction management KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion protection KW - Field exposure conditions KW - Materials tests KW - Posttensioning KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229545 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01460942 TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Highway Problems. Topic 34-11. Geographic Information System Applications in Pavement Management AB - Highway agencies are collecting an ever-increasing amount of information associated with the nationwide network of highways. The information is in a wide variety of formats such as drawings, pictures, maps, text descriptions, tables, and experience. There is a consequently a demand for efficient tools for managing that information. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology allows the integration of these highway operations by establishing common spatial relationships between geographical objects. The objective of this synthesis is to systematically document the state-of-the-practice of GIS applications in pavement management. This will be done by literature review and survey of the state DOTs. KW - Geographic information systems KW - Highway departments KW - Information technology KW - Mapping KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program KW - Networks KW - Pavement management systems KW - Research projects UR - http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=67 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1229160 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512561 AU - United States Federal Highway Administration TI - Memphis to Atlanta Corridor from I-65 in North Central Alabama eastward to the Georgia state line : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/01//Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final Appendix KW - Alabama KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074628 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Avenue G viaduct and connecting corridor, City of Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie County : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/01//Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Iowa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834022 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074590 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Ironton-Russell Bridge replacement project, Lawrence and Greenup counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/01//Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833984 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074550 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - U. S. Route 34 (FAP 313) Carman Road (east of Gulfport) to Monmouth, Henderson and Warren counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/01//Volumes held: Draft, DappC(folio), Final, Final AppendixC(folio) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833944 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074407 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - East Harrison County connector, Harrison County : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/01//Volumes held: Draft, Dapp, Final, Final Appendix(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Mississippi UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833801 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073980 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Chicago-St. Louis high-speed rail project : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/01//Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833374 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062251 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SR 509/South access road corridor project, Cities of SeaTac, Des Moines, Kent, and Federal Way, King County : environmental impact statement PY - 2003/01//Volumes held: Draft, Drev, Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821747 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01032985 AU - Mahoney, James AU - Stephens, Jack E AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Uniformity of Unmodified Asphalt Binders in Large Storage Tanks PY - 2003/01//Final Report SP - 6p AB - A prime concern in regard to the storage of asphalt binder in storage tanks is that material allowed to stand in a tank will begin to stratify. This stratification could cause the material to not be homogeneous throughout the tank. If the material is not homogeneous or if the material changes in the storage tank, the Performance Grading (PG) grade of the material would then be in question. Asphalt binder suppliers throughout the Northeast were asked to provide several samples of asphalt binder. These samples were drawn off of a storage tank that contained a neat asphalt binder. This study examined neat asphalts only. The goal was to get samples that represented the tank when it was full, two-thirds full, one-third full and nearly empty. The samples were taken from tanks that would take at least 1 week to empty. The rationale behind this was that if stratification were to occur, this would allow enough time for the material to stratify. The samples were sent to the Connecticut Advanced Pavement Lab for American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) MP-1 testing. The samples were tested so that trends in the data could be analyzed regarding changes to the material in the tank. The results of the testing indicate that the unmodified asphalt stored in the suppliers’ tanks appears to remain homogeneous as the level of binder in the tanks is drawn down. The results obtained were within the published AASHTO precision and bias values for each type of testing. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Asphalt KW - Bituminous binders KW - Pressure aging vessels KW - Rheometers KW - Rolling thin film oven test KW - Samples KW - Storage facilities KW - Stratification KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/788565 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01003776 AU - Stone, John R AU - Tanaka, Krista M AU - Karr, Alan J AU - Sanil, Ashish AU - North Carolina State University, Raleigh AU - National Institute of Statistical Sciences AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Using GIS Based Property Tax Data for Trip Generation PY - 2003/01//Final Report SP - 81p AB - This project assesses the feasibility of using statistically clustered property tax data instead of windshield survey data for input into the Internal Data Summary (IDS) trip generation model used by the North Carolina Department of Transportation. The report summarizes the clustering analysis and its data requirements. To gauge clustering resource requirements for a case study application, the North Carolina State University researchers examine the Town of Pittsboro. Comparing the traffic flow outputs of the traditional modeling techniques and those resulting from the use of the clustering method to 56 ground count stations, the research finds that clustering and traditional methods yield similar results. An 85% reduction in man-hours required to gather the input data is the main benefit resulting from the use of the clustering technique. The major drawback is that advanced statistical training is required to implement the technique. KW - Cluster analysis KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Geographic information systems KW - Property taxes KW - Time savings KW - Traffic counts KW - Traffic flow KW - Trip generation UR - http://www.ncdot.org/planning/development/research/download/2001-08FinalReport.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/760218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942604 AU - Ullman, G L AU - Schrock, S D AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVING TRAFFIC CONTROL EFFECTIVENESS IN COMPLEX WORK ZONES PY - 2003/01 SP - 42 p. AB - Information from driver studies performed during the first year of the project identified several features and conditions that created confusion and anxiety in traversing the work zone. Many of these conditions represented deficiencies in the work zone traffic control from the standpoint of positive guidance principles. This report describes the efforts to tailor the application of positive guidance procedures to work zone traffic control installations reviews. Four key steps, hazard visibility assessment, expectancy violation determination, information load analysis, and information needs specification, are described in the context of traffic control at potentially complex work zones. A methodology is presented for applying these steps in a field review process to be performed as part of the work zone traffic control installation process. KW - Deficiencies KW - Driver expectancy KW - Hazards KW - Improvements KW - Information load KW - Information needs specification KW - Positive guidance KW - Visibility KW - Work zone traffic control UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/4021-2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643250 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970614 AU - Mehta, T AU - Kottapalli, A AU - Mahmassani, H S AU - Bhat, C AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MEASURES: METHODOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS PY - 2003/01 SP - 172 p. AB - This study attempts to define a framework for comparing various modeling approaches that can be used to assess the impact of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) strategies on mobile source emissions. The study begins by reviewing the connection between transportation and air quality, and by reviewing methodologies that have been employed in literature on the impact of ITS on emissions. An analysis framework is developed that provides a platform for performing a comparative evaluation of various network modeling and emission modeling approaches in the context of air quality assessment of ITS strategies. Procedures and tools required to implement such a framework are then described in some detail. Two case studies are conducted on the Fort Worth network and Houston network using this framework. Carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) estimates from the simulation runs are then discussed and analyzed. KW - Air quality KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Case studies KW - Environmental impacts KW - Exhaust gases KW - Fort Worth (Texas) KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Literature reviews KW - Mathematical models KW - Networks KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Simulation KW - Transportation UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/4197_3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696586 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969922 AU - Public Technology, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CROSSING BOUNDARIES: ON THE ROAD TO PUBLIC-PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS PY - 2003/01 SP - 64 p. AB - The importance of public-public partnerships is easily overlooked, despite the fact that these partnerships are the backbone of numerous technology, operations and infrastructure initiatives in metropolitan areas across the U.S. Few studies prior to this white paper have explored the dynamics of crossing the boundaries necessary to establish fruitful partnerships among public agencies. This report recommends strategies for improving collaboration from the bottom up. The recommendations come from local and state leaders who are currently leading the charge within the atmosphere of TEA-21 reauthorization to accommodate the new demands placed on them as a result of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. The paper's intent is to focus attention on both vertical and horizontal public/public partnerships. "Collaboration" is defined as any cooperative effort between and among governmental entities (as well as with private partners). Such collaboration can range from very informal, ad hoc activities to more planned, organized and formalized ways of working together. The collaborative parties work toward mutual advantage and common goals. They share a sense of public purpose, leverage resources to yield improved outcomes, and bridge traditional geographic, institutional, and functional boundaries. Collaboration leads to improved understanding of the ways various levels of government interact and carry out their roles and responsibilities. The resulting effect frequently streamlines operations and enhances quality of life for residents of the localities involved. KW - Cooperation KW - Government agencies KW - Local government KW - Partnerships KW - Public private partnerships KW - State government KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681073 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964795 AU - Zahnke, R C AU - Drake, M L AU - Thomaz, J AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SAFETY ENFORCEMENT ON CHANGING DRIVER BEHAVIOR - RUNS ON RED, VOLUME 2 PY - 2003/01 SP - 37 p. AB - Red light running (RLR) is a dangerous act. Approximately 22% of urban crashes at signalized intersections are caused nationwide by RLR. Nearly 1,036 deaths were caused nationwide by RLR in the year 2000. Indiana had no previous research conducted in this area; therefore, this research was aimed at estimating the RLR problem in Indiana. The other objectives of this research included: learning drivers' opinions on the problem, studying the effectiveness of selected countermeasures, and studying the legal issues related to photo-enforcement. A crash statistics study, telephone survey, and extended monitoring of a selected intersection were the three major approaches chosen to estimate the magnitude of the problem. The crash statistics for the 1997-1999 period showed that 22% of signalized intersection crashes were caused in Indiana by RLR. RLR preceded 50% of fatal crashes at these intersections. The telephone survey showed that 67% of Indiana drivers felt that RLR was a problem in the state. 12% of them claimed to have been involved in a RLR crash. The extended monitoring of the through movements at the study intersection also recorded a considerable violation rate. These results indicate that RLR may be considered a problem in Indiana. Traffic at a selected intersection in West Lafayette, Indiana, was videotaped and the video material was used to detect the red light violations. The expected number of drivers arriving at the start of the red signal has been proposed as a true measure of exposure to RLR. The authors call it an opportunity for RLR. This exposure was used to estimate the RLR rate. The statistical significance of the difference in the RLR rates between different periods was estimated using binomial distribution. Police enforcement was evaluated and found to reduce the violation rate by approximately 75% in the week immediately after the enforcement. A reduction of 37% was observed after another two weeks. The photo-enforcement reduced the violation rate by 62% during the week of enforcement and by 35% during the week immediately following. Young people violated red lights more frequently than other drivers. The legal issues that related to RLR and photo-enforcement were studied. The present state law in Indiana does not support the use of photo-enforcement. KW - Age KW - Binomial distributions KW - Countermeasures KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Indiana KW - Legal factors KW - Monitoring KW - Photo-enforcement KW - Red light running KW - Signalized intersections KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic violations KW - Video cameras KW - West Lafayette (Indiana) UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1559&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661527 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964799 AU - McDaniel, R AU - Shah, A AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ASPHALT ADDITIVES TO CONTROL RUTTING AND CRACKING PY - 2003/01 SP - 127 p. AB - This report presents the results of an investigation of the performance of a variety of materials added to asphalt binders and mixtures to change their properties, particularly with respect to rutting and cracking. The approach included a field trial of seven polymer and particulate modifiers, supplemented by laboratory characterization of the materials used in the field. The modifiers evaluated included PAC, Novophalt, Multigrade asphalt cement, polyester fibers, Neoprene, SBR and asphalt rubber. The field trial showed that different modifiers do yield different performance. Modifiers are not essential to ensure that the pavement will not rut. None of the mixtures evaluated here exhibited appreciable rutting. Dramatic differences were noted in the cracking behavior, however. Newly developed laboratory tests were able to identify binders that would be more prone to cracking. All of the materials evaluated did change the properties of the binders or mixtures in some way. Some of the modifiers, however, were more effective at modifying the properties to provide improved field performance in a cost effective manner. KW - Asphalt additives KW - Asphalt rubber KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Neoprene KW - Pavement cracking KW - Performance KW - Polyester fibers KW - Polymer asphalt KW - Rutting KW - Styrene butadiene rubber UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1495&context=jtrp UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/jtrp/24/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661531 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964794 AU - Tarko, A P AU - Reddy, NLK AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SAFETY ENFORCEMENT ON CHANGING DRIVER BEHAVIOR - RUNS ON RED, VOLUME 1 PY - 2003/01 SP - 166 p. AB - Red light running (RLR) is a dangerous act. Approximately 22% of urban crashes at signalized intersections are caused nationwide by RLR. Nearly 1,036 deaths were caused nationwide by RLR in the year 2000. Indiana had no previous research conducted in this area; therefore, this research was aimed at estimating the RLR problem in Indiana. The other objectives of this research included: learning drivers' opinions on the problem, studying the effectiveness of selected countermeasures, and studying the legal issues related to photo-enforcement. A crash statistics study, telephone survey, and extended monitoring of a selected intersection were the three major approaches chosen to estimate the magnitude of the problem. The crash statistics for the 1997-1999 period showed that 22% of signalized intersection crashes were caused in Indiana by RLR. RLR preceded 50% of fatal crashes at these intersections. The telephone survey showed that 67% of Indiana drivers felt that RLR was a problem in the state. 12% of them claimed to have been involved in a RLR crash. The extended monitoring of the through movements at the study intersection also recorded a considerable violation rate. These results indicate that RLR may be considered a problem in Indiana. Traffic at a selected intersection in West Lafayette, Indiana, was videotaped and the video material was used to detect the red light violations. The expected number of drivers arriving at the start of the red signal has been proposed as a true measure of exposure to RLR. The authors call it an opportunity for RLR. This exposure was used to estimate the RLR rate. The statistical significance of the difference in the RLR rates between different periods was estimated using binomial distribution. Police enforcement was evaluated and found to reduce the violation rate by approximately 75% in the week immediately after the enforcement. A reduction of 37% was observed after another two weeks. The photo-enforcement reduced the violation rate by 62% during the week of enforcement and by 35% during the week immediately following. Young people violated red lights more frequently than other drivers. The legal issues that related to RLR and photo-enforcement were studied. The present state law in Indiana does not support the use of photo-enforcement. KW - Age KW - Behavior KW - Binomial distributions KW - Countermeasures KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Indiana KW - Legal factors KW - Monitoring KW - Photo-enforcement KW - Red light running KW - Signalized intersections KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic violations KW - Video cameras KW - West Lafayette (Indiana) UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1559&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661526 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964789 AU - Williams, T A AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP AU - Indiana Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CLASSIFICATION OF RAILROAD CROSSINGS IN INDIANA BY ROUGHNESS PY - 2003/01 SP - 370 p. AB - The objective of this research was to determine if roughness data on railroad crossings could be extracted from the Indiana Department of Transportation's (INDOT's) road network database in order to determine the need and priority of repair projects. This "railroad roughness" was to be correlated to the general public's perception of riding comfort by using the panel rating method. From this information a Railroad Crossing Index (RCI) would be developed so that the INDOT could search the database to generate a list of crossings that require repair and prioritize them. To calculate RCI four methods were proposed: (1) The first proposed method equates International Roughness Index (IRI) and RCI. By this method the user would specify the distance over which the RCI (IRI) is calculated, from 10 ft to 0.1 mi, centered around the crossing. (2) The second proposed method was to calculate a difference in IRIs by generating an IRI for a section of road, including the railroad crossing data, then use the same raw data to generate a second IRI after "masking out" the railroad crossing data, and take the difference of the two. (3) The third method proposed is similar to method one, but does not result in a standard IRI number. In addition to enabling the user to specify the distance over which the RCI is calculated (method one), the user may also specify the "long wave" parameter used in the IRI calculation. (4) The final proposed method uses a calculated elevation profile. The RCI is the summation of the absolute values of the change in height from a reference index and a moving average of data points surrounding the point under consideration. The repeated failure of the profiler's computer system resulted in a series of delays and eventually to complete revision of the computer system and software. During the revision of the software, several changes were made to put the system back in service after a lengthy period of downtime. Unfortunately, some of the changes that were made to the software had an adverse effect on the study. Due to the size of the sampling interval, locating the railroad-highway grade crossings in the data generated by the profiler was extremely difficult. This problem was compounded by the fact that the profiler uses a receiver-averaging board to generate a sensor footprint in the height measuring system. Therefore the resolution of the distinguishing features was so poor as to be almost unrecognizable. After locating the railroad-highway crossings in the data, and generating the RCI values for each crossing using the two remaining methods, the results were correlated to public perception of acceptable, or unacceptable, levels of roughness. A logistical regression analysis was performed on the data to see if enough probability of predicting the acceptability/unacceptability of roughness associated with railroad-highway grade crossings existed to validate either of the proposed methodologies for calculating RCI. Both methods failed to meet the minimum amount of probability necessary to validate either method. KW - Correlation analysis KW - Indiana KW - International Roughness Index KW - Maintenance KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Ride quality KW - Roughness KW - Software KW - Strategic planning UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1506&context=jtrp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661521 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962899 AU - Schunk, D L AU - University of South Carolina, Columbia AU - South Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND ITS ECONOMIC IMPACT ON THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA PY - 2003/01 SP - 34 p. AB - The South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) holds the primary responsibility for transportation investment in South Carolina. The many activities of SCDOT entail a broad range of economic benefits for the state. SCDOT investments in the transportation system result in substantial short-term benefits, estimated at $2.1 billion of economic output, $768.6 million in labor earnings, $91.6 million in recurring tax revenue, and 24,360 jobs annually. Over the longer-term, transportation system enhancements benefit the state's economy via positive impacts on business costs and productivity, labor market access, economic competitiveness, attractiveness to new businesses, residents, and tourists, property values, and long-term tax revenues. KW - Economic benefits KW - Economic impacts KW - Investments KW - Jobs KW - South Carolina KW - South Carolina Department of Transportation KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660926 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00963105 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IOWA SAFETY CONSCIOUS PLANNING FORUM AND PEER EXCHANGE, AMES, IOWA, JANUARY 28-29, 2003 PY - 2003/01 SP - 16p AB - To initiate discussion on the Transportation Equity Act for the 21 st Century (TEA-21) safety-planning factor, approximately 40 experienced professionals convened in Washington, DC in May 2000 to explore the independent planning processes and to identify data, tools, partners and other resources that are currently available or in need of development for implementing the safety requirement. They discovered there is a lack of dialogue, coordination and communication between safety and transportation planners and that safety integration is a nontraditional role for planning agencies. The participants concluded that while it may be unwise to merge the safety and planning processes because of the many different timeframes and funding criteria, it is highly advisable for all segments of the road safety community to work collaboratively by establishing common safety goals, sharing information and designing complementary programs. Furthermore safety integration should include both a multidisciplinary focus, e.g. planning, education, engineering, enforcement and emergency management as well as multimodal components, such as rail, transit, commercial vehicle and non-motorized modes of travel. The Washington meeting identified several action steps for promoting safety conscious planning (SCP), and an informal ad hoc working group was formed to provide guidance and track progress. One of the recommended initiatives was to encourage a series of forums bringing representatives of the various interests together to discuss strategies for sharing resources and working collaboratively. The Working Group intended for each forum to be tailored to the needs of the individual jurisdictions. This is accomplished through a pre-forum planning meeting with the forum's leaders. A planning meeting for the Iowa forum took place in August 2002. The purpose was to articulate the objectives, outline an agenda, develop a participant list and address the logistical and process issues for conducting the event. The objectives for the Iowa Forum were: (1) Educate especially the planning community and create a general awareness of the costs and benefits associated with planning and implementing safety initiatives; (2) Facilitate a philosophical shift in the planning approach to make safety considerations an integral part of planning and selecting roadway improvement projects; (3) Encourage planning participation in local multidisciplinary safety teams; (4) Create local "safety champions" to generate support for state safety programs; (5) Present and explain the available tools that support safety integration in the planning process; and (6) Create a document for use as a briefing portfolio for Iowa Department of Transportation (IDOT) management, the Transportation Commission and other potential supporters. U1 - Iowa Safety Conscious Planning Forum and Peer ExchangeIowa Department of Transportation, Governor's Traffic Safety Bureau, Federal Highway AdministrationAmes, Iowa StartDate:20030128 EndDate:20030129 Sponsors:Iowa Department of Transportation, Governor's Traffic Safety Bureau, Federal Highway Administration KW - Benefits KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Costs KW - Education KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Implementation KW - Improvements KW - Iowa KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Nonmotorized transportation KW - Public transit KW - Railroad safety KW - Railroads KW - Safety conscious planning KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transit safety KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation safety UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/scp/scpiafrm.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/664038 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960022 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - 2002 PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT PY - 2003/01 SP - 34 p. AB - This report discusses the progress that the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and its partners have made towards achieving the goals that were outlined in the FHWA fiscal year (FY) 2002 Performance Plan. These six strategic goals include safety, mobility, productivity, human and natural environment, national security, and organizational excellence. The contents of the report are organized as follows: Letter from the Administrator; Program Accomplishments; Financial Highlights; Performance Measures; Acronyms; and FHWA Offices. KW - Accountability KW - Annual reports KW - Environmental protection KW - Financial analysis KW - Highway safety KW - Mobility KW - National security KW - Organizational effectiveness KW - Performance KW - Productivity KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942626 AU - Yonge, D AU - Roelen, P AU - Washington State University, Pullman AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF STORMWATER PERMEABLE RAPID INFILTRATION BARRIERS FOR USE IN CLASS V STORMWATER INJECTION WELLS PY - 2003/01 SP - 108 p. AB - Stormwater injection wells are widely used as stormwater management systems. These wells may act as a low resistance conduit for contaminants transported by stormwater to enter groundwater. This paper summarizes the testing of a natural filtration medium, referred to as a Stormwater Permeable Rapid Infiltration Barrier (SPRIB), that has been proposed as a potential retrofit option for stormwater injection wells in Spokane, Washington because of its theoretical contaminant attenuation capabilities and its good hydraulic properties. This medium was tested in the laboratory and at field site using near field-scale columns to determine its useful life span in terms of metal (Cu, Pb and Zn) removal capacity and maintenance of acceptable infiltration rates. After a series of simulated storm events, the SPRIB demonstrated contaminant concentration reduction rates of total metals greater than 99% and soluble metals from 91 to 98%. Surface clogging of the columns by stormwater particulate matter was shown to be the limiting factor in the useful life span of an unmaintained SPRIB. Based on the observed linear decline in infiltration rates due to sediment loading, the predicted life span of SPRIB is 20 to 22 storms (roughly 6 months in the Spokane area) before infiltration falls below acceptable rates (8 to 12 in./hr). A significantly longer life span is expected if pretreatment for suspended solids or periodic SPRIB maintenance is performed. KW - Field tests KW - Filtration KW - Groundwater KW - Hydraulic properties KW - Infiltration KW - Laboratory tests KW - Maintenance KW - Metals KW - Particulates KW - Retrofitting KW - Runoff KW - Service life KW - Spokane (Washington) KW - Storm water management KW - Storms KW - Stormwater injection wells KW - Water quality management KW - Wells UR - http://www.ce.wsu.edu/trac/publications_reports/wa-rd_559_1.pdf UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/559.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643266 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00942571 AU - Fitzpatrick, K AU - Brewer, M A AU - Venglar, S AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANAGED LANE RAMP AND ROADWAY DESIGN ISSUES PY - 2003/01 SP - 98 p. AB - Texas is exploring the use of managed lanes in congested urban corridors. This report discusses the findings from an evaluation of managed lane ramp design issues. Most of the recent literature regarding ramp design has focused on ramp design speed and truck performance. To have an appreciation for current department of transportation practices, a search of each state's design manual was conducted via the Internet. Of the 23 states that had all or part of their design manuals online, 12 had some material available concerning the design of ramps. The potential managed lane system in Texas could contain elements of systems that are currently in use in other communities. As part of this research project, members of the research team visited the New Jersey Turnpike. Simulation was used to obtain an appreciation of the effects on corridor operations when several pairs of ramps are modeled. Speed was the primary measure of effectiveness used to evaluate the effects of different ramp spacings, volume levels, and weaving percentages. The research found that a direct connect ramp between a generator and the managed lane facility should be considered when 400 veh/hr is anticipated to access the managed lanes. If a more conservative approach to preserving freeway performance is desired, then a direct connect ramp should be considered at 275 veh/hr (which reflects the value when the lowest speeds on the simulated corridor for the scenarios examined were at 45 mph or less). KW - Design KW - Freeways KW - Managed lanes KW - New Jersey Turnpike KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Spacing KW - Speed KW - State departments of transportation KW - Texas KW - Traffic simulation KW - Traffic volume KW - Weaving traffic UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/4160-10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643215 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941456 AU - Cothron, A S AU - Skowronek, Douglas A AU - Kuhn, B T AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENFORCEMENT ISSUES ON MANAGED LANES PY - 2003/01 SP - 48 p. AB - This report provides an overview of enforcement issues for operating freeways with managed lanes. The term "managed lanes" encompasses a variety of facility types, including high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) express lanes, special-use lanes, and truck lanes. The role of enforcement is explored through identifying the available enforcement strategies and elements of enforcement area design. The state-of-the-practice for managed lane enforcement at various locations around the country gives insight of items to consider when developing an effective enforcement program. Lastly, this report acknowledges managed lane enforcement is becoming ever more dependent on technological advancements in presenting innovations in the area of automated enforcement technology, specifically, automated vehicle identification (AVI), license plate recognition (LPR), and electronic toll collection (ETC). KW - Automated enforcement KW - Automated toll collection KW - Automatic license plate readers KW - Automatic vehicle identification KW - Express lanes KW - Freeways KW - High occupancy toll lanes KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Managed lanes KW - Single occupant vehicles KW - Special use lanes KW - State of the practice KW - Strategic planning KW - Technological innovations KW - Texas KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Truck lanes UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/4160-11.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642698 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941455 AU - Kuhn, B AU - Jasek, D AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATE AND FEDERAL LEGISLATIVE ISSUES FOR MANAGED LANES PY - 2003/01 SP - 42 p. AB - The managed lane concept is currently being considered on major freeway projects in Texas cities. The term "managed lanes" encompasses a variety of facility types, including high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) express lanes, special-use lanes, and truck lanes. The premise of the managed lanes concept is to increase freeway efficiency and provide free-flow operations for certain freeway users by packaging various operational and design strategies. The strategies deployed offer the flexibility to be adjusted to match changing corridor and regional goals. This report documents the research undertaken in task seven of this project. The objective of this task was to assess the federal and state legislative needs necessary for Texas to successfully implement the various types of managed lane facilities across the state and provide recommendations regarding necessary changes to federal and state legislation. KW - Express lanes KW - Federal laws KW - Freeways KW - High occupancy toll lanes KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Highway operations KW - Implementation KW - Legislation KW - Managed lanes KW - Recommendations KW - Single occupant vehicles KW - Special use lanes KW - State laws KW - Texas KW - Traffic control KW - Truck lanes UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/4160-8.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941451 AU - Roy, A AU - Wang, L AU - Seals, R K AU - Metcalf, J B AU - Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge AU - Louisiana Transportation Research Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STABILIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR REACTIVE AGGREGATE IN SOIL-CEMENT BASE COURSE PY - 2003/01 SP - 79 p. AB - Anhydrite (CaSO4) beds occur as a cap rock on a salt dome in Winn Parish in north Louisiana. Locally known as Winn Rock, it has been quarried for gravel for road building. It has been used as a surface course for local parish and logging roads. Stabilization of these roads with Type I portland cement followed by an overlay of asphaltic concrete sometimes resulted in heaving. The causes of heaving and possible solutions were investigated. In the laboratory, 2 in. x 4 in. molds of Winn Rock containing soil were stabilized with various cementitious mixes and cured in a 40 deg C water bath, in a 100% relative humidity room, in a sealed plastic bag at room temperature, and in air. The mixes contained 5% to 20% cementitious material. The cementitious materials were Type I portland cement, lime, and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) such as granulated blast furnace slag (BFS), Class C fly ash, silica fume and amorphous silica. The expansion of the specimens over time was monitored. Mineralogical and microstructural analyses of the specimens were also performed over time and correlated to expansion. The Winn Rock gravel was partially weathered in the soil to gypsum, which was detected in all size fractions. The highest amount of expansion occurred in Winn Rock soil stabilized by lime cured at 40 deg C in a water bath. The magnitude of the expansion is directly proportional to the amount of Type I portland cement, the amount of available moisture, and the curing temperature. Replacement of a part of the portland cement by BFS reduced the expansion by almost an order of magnitude even at the highest moisture content. No expansion was detected when a mixture of Class C fly ash and amorphous silica was used as a partial replacement. The costs of portland cement and blast furnace slag mixtures are less than the cost of portland cement only. The addition of amorphous silica or silica fume to the cementitious mix will increase the cost significantly. KW - Base course (Pavements) KW - Calcium oxide KW - Calcium sulfates KW - Costs KW - Expansion KW - Fly ash KW - Gypsum KW - Heaving KW - Laboratory tests KW - Louisiana KW - Microstructure KW - Mineralogy KW - Moisture content KW - Portland cement KW - Reactive aggregates KW - Silica KW - Silica fume KW - Slag KW - Soil cement KW - Soil stabilization KW - Temperature UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/Winn_Rock_Report_2002_64.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941441 AU - Nichnadowicz, V F AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MITIGATION OF ACID-PRODUCING SOILS PY - 2003/01 SP - 14 p. AB - This project produced a method for stabilizing the pH of acid-producing soils in order that the soils could support the growth of vegetation needed to minimize erosion. Recipes for the modification of acid-producing soils have been successfully used by the National Minelands Reclamation Center and the Arkansas Power and Light Company. Those recipes rely on the ability of a fly ash/kiln dust to bind with the sulfur in the soils to thus minimize the production of sulfuric acid. This project used a mixture of lime-stabilized sewage sludge as an amendment. KW - Acid soils KW - Erosion control KW - Fly ash KW - Lime stabilized sewage sludge KW - Limestone dust KW - pH value KW - Soil remediation KW - Sulfur KW - Vegetation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642688 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00940908 AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTS OF CATASTROPHIC EVENTS ON TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS CROSS CUTTING STUDY PY - 2003/01 SP - 55 p. AB - In order to provide a better understanding of how transportation is both affected and utilized in an emergency situation, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) commissioned a series of four case studies examining the effects of catastrophic events on transportation system management and operations. Each of the case studies examined a specific event and the regional response. This cross cutting study summarizes the surface transportation activities associated with four catastrophic events and the lessons learned from each. Each of the events resulted in substantial, immediate, and adverse impacts on the transportation system, and each has had a varying degree of influence on the longer-term operation of transportation facilities and services in its respective region. This document has two main sections. The first section provides an overview of each of the four case studies. This overview includes a chronology of key events on the day of and days after the disaster, a description of the affected area, a description of key decisions taken by agencies, and a brief description of conditions in the months following the event. The four case studies are: 1. New York City terrorist attack on September 11, 2001; 2. Washington, D.C. terrorist attack on September 11, 2001; 3. Baltimore, Maryland Howard Street rail tunnel fire on July 18, 2001; and 4. Northridge, California earthquake on January 18, 1994. The second section discusses findings that cut across the four case studies. Each of the four events presented transportation and emergency response agencies with a different set of challenges in dealing with response and recovery. This section includes an assessment of the following key questions: How well were the key participants prepared? What happened and who took action? What aspects of the emergency response worked well and why, and what aspects did not work well and why? What role did technology play in these aspects with respect to transportation emergency response and recovery? What was learned, what could be done differently, and what can be incorporated into the disaster planning process? KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Case studies KW - Decision making KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Earthquakes KW - Emergencies KW - Emergency medical services KW - Emergency response time KW - Emergency transportation KW - Fires KW - Ground transportation KW - Highway travel KW - Impacts KW - New York (New York) KW - Northridge (California) KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroad tunnels KW - Security KW - Technology KW - Terrorism KW - Terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation safety KW - Transportation system management KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13780.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13780_files/13780.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941348 AU - Moudon, A V AU - Hess, P M AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - Washington State Department of Transportation AU - TransNow, Transportation Northwest AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN SAFETY AND TRANSIT CORRIDORS PY - 2003/01 SP - 48 p. AB - This research examines the relationship between pedestrian accident locations on state-owned facilities (highways and urban arterials) and the presence of rider boardings and alightings from bus transit. Many state facilities are important metropolitan transit corridors with large numbers of bus stops users, so that these facilities expose higher numbers of pedestrians to traffic and an increased number of collisions. The research also examines the association between pedestrian collisions and other pedestrian travel generators, such as concentrations of retail activity and housing, as well as environmental conditions such as wide roadways, high traffic volumes, and high speed limits. On the basis of a retrospective sampling approach and logistic regression models, the study shows that bus stop usage is strongly associated with pedestrian collisions along state facilities. Less strong but significant associations are shown to exist between retail location and size, traffic volume and number of traffic lanes, and locations with high levels of pedestrian-vehicle collisions. The findings suggest that facilities with high numbers of bus riders need to accommodate people walking safely along and across the roadway. They support the development of state department of transportation (DOT) programs for multi-modal facilities that integrate travel modes in major regional facilities within local suburban communities and pay specific attention to the role of transit in shaping the demand for non-motorized travel on the facilities. Also, state DOT, local jurisdiction, and transit staff must work together to identify facilities and locations where bus riders are at risk and take appropriate steps to ensure pedestrian safety. KW - Arterial highways KW - Bus stops KW - Crash locations KW - Dwellings KW - Multilane highways KW - Multimodal facilities KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Pedestrian vehicle interface KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Shopping facilities KW - Speed limits KW - State highways KW - Traffic volume KW - Transit corridors UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/556.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642625 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00941330 AU - Ardani, A AU - Hussain, S AU - LaForce, R AU - Colorado Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EVALUATION OF PREMATURE PCCP LONGITUDINAL CRACKING IN COLORADO PY - 2003/01 SP - 44 p. AB - This report presents an evaluation of several portland cement concrete pavements with premature longitudinal cracking. All of the locations discussed are in Region 1 of the Colorado Department of Transportation. Included in this report is an overview of the causes of the premature longitudinal cracking, a description of field and laboratory investigations, and a list of strategies to eliminate such occurrences. Although there were some isolated cases of differential settlements related to the high swell potential (high PI/lower R-value) of the subgrade soil and/or poor subgrade compaction, this study found the shallow depth of the longitudinal saw-cuts at the shoulder joint to be the main reason for longitudinal cracking. Malfunctioning paver vibrators and unsuitable soils also contributed to the problem. The tests also proved that the wider slab design (14-ft slab) was not a contributing factor. This study resulted in two new specifications: (1) Requiring the engineer to measure saw-cut depth at intervals of 1 per 1/10 of a mile (528 ft); and (2) Requiring paving contractors to equip their paving machines with vibrator monitoring devices. KW - Colorado KW - Concrete pavements KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Longitudinal cracking KW - Monitoring KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavers KW - Saw-cut depth KW - Sawed joints KW - Specifications KW - Vibration UR - http://www.dot.state.co.us/Publications/PDFFiles/PrematurePCCPCracking.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/642606 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939835 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - 2002 STATUS OF THE NATION'S HIGHWAYS, BRIDGES, AND TRANSIT: CONDITIONS & PERFORMANCE. REPORT TO CONGRESS PY - 2003/01 SP - 508 p. AB - This is the fifth in a series of combined documents prepared by the U.S. Department of Transportation to satisfy requirements for reports to Congress on the condition, performance, and future capital investment requirements of the Nation's highway and transit systems. This report incorporates highway and bridge information required by Section 502(g) of Title 23, United States Code (U.S.C.), as well as transit system information required by Section 308(e) of Title 49, U.S.C. Beginning in 1993, the Department combined two existing report series that covered highways and transit separately to form this report series. This report draws primarily on 2000 data. This document is intended to provide Congress and other decision makers with an objective appraisal of highway, bridge and transit physical conditions, operational performance, financing mechanisms and future investment requirements. This report offers a comprehensive, factual background to support the development and evaluation of legislative, program, and budget options at all levels of government. It also serves as a primary source of information for national and international news media, transportation associations, and industry. This report consolidates conditions, performance, and finance data provided by States, local governments, and mass transit operators, to provide a national level summary. Some of the underlying data are available through the Department's regular statistical publications. The future investment requirements analyses are developed specifically for this report and provide national level projections only. The report begins with an Executive Summary section that highlights the key findings in each chapter. This section is also distributed as a separate stand-alone summary document. The main body of the report is organized into five major sections: (I) Description of Current System (Chapters 1 through 6); (II) Investment/Performance Analyses (Chapters 7 through 10); (III) Federal Bridge Program/Status of the Nation's Bridges (Chapter 11); (IV) Special Topics (Chapters 12 through 22); and (V) Supplemental Analyses of System Components (Chapters 23 through 27). The report also contains three technical appendices that describe the investment/performance methodologies used in the report for highways, bridges, and transit. KW - Bridges KW - Condition surveys KW - Financing KW - Highways KW - Investments KW - Performance KW - Public transit KW - United States KW - United States Congress UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/2002cpr/es.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939836 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - 2002 STATUS OF THE NATION'S HIGHWAYS, BRIDGES, AND TRANSIT: CONDITIONS & PERFORMANCE. REPORT TO CONGRESS - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 2003/01 SP - 40 p. AB - This document is a summary of the "2002 Status of the Nation's Highways, Bridges, and Transit: Conditions & Performance" report to Congress (C&P report). The C&P report is intended to provide Congress and other decision makers with an objective appraisal of highway, bridge and transit physical conditions, operational performance, financing mechanisms and future investment requirements. This edition of the C&P report is the fifth in the series that combines information on the Nation's highway and transit systems. It is the first C&P report that begins to capture the effects of investment in highways, bridges and transit undertaken since the enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in 1998. Based on data for 2000, the report also reflects enhancements in ongoing work by the Federal Highway and Federal Transit Administrations to improve the estimation of the conditions and performance of highways, bridges and transit and to forecast the future investment that will be required to maintain and improve this transportation infrastructure. KW - Bridges KW - Condition surveys KW - Financing KW - Highways KW - Investments KW - Performance KW - Public transit KW - United States KW - United States Congress UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/2002cpr/pdf/execsummary_book.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33400/33458/2002StatusSummary.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731204 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939351 AU - Bowders, J J AU - Loehr, J E AU - Luna, R AU - Petry, T AU - University of Missouri, Columbia AU - University of Missouri, Rolla AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF MODOT GEOTECHNICAL RELATED PROBLEMS WITH EMPHASIS ON EFFECTIVENESS OF DESIGN FOR BRIDGE APPROACH SLABS AND PAVEMENT EDGE DRAINS PY - 2003/01 SP - 127 p. AB - Surveys, interviews and site visits were used to identify, observe and document geotechnical-related problems in Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) infrastructure. Documented issues were evaluated and prioritized. Additional attention was focused on Pavement Edge Drains and Bridge Approach Slabs since new designs for both were instituted in the early 1990's. In general, issues did not merit critical consideration until they impacted the pavement. The most critical issues include slope stability (soil), pavement (stability, sub-base support, drainage), erosion control (on new construction and long-term facilities) and bridge approach slabs. Half of all the issues, including all of the critical ones, involve excess or uncontrolled water. Long-term performance monitoring should be initiated on the most critical issues in order to develop a baseline of performance, identify the root causes of poor performance and provide for "evidence-based" redesigns where necessary. Some of the problems identified result directly or indirectly from a succinct discontinuity of the role of the geotechnical unit throughout the design, construction and maintenance operations of MoDOT. KW - Bridge approaches KW - Construction and maintenance KW - Design KW - Drainage KW - Edge drains KW - Erosion control KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Missouri KW - Monitoring KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Slabs KW - Slope stability KW - Soils KW - Subbase (Pavements) UR - http://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/Ri99029/RDT03001.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/13000/13000/13026/RDT03001.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00939329 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROGRAM GUIDE: UTILITY RELOCATION AND ACCOMMODATION ON FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY PROJECTS. SIXTH EDITION PY - 2003/01 SP - v.p. AB - This utility program guide has been developed by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to assist individuals administering Federal-aid highway programs that involve the use of Federal-aid highway funds for the relocation and adjustment of utility facilities, and the accommodation of utility facilities and private lines on Federal-aid highway right-of-way. This is the sixth edition of the guide. It supersedes all previous editions. Laws dealing with utility relocation and accommodation are contained in the United States Code, title 23, sections 123 and 109(l)(1), respectively. These laws are contained in the Appendix and will be cited in this guide as 23 U.S.C. 123 and 23 U.S.C. 109(l)(1). Regulations dealing with utility relocation and accommodation matters are based upon laws contained in 23 U.S.C. and are found in the Code of Federal Regulations, title 23, chapter I, subchapter G, part 645, subparts A and B. These regulations are contained in the Appendix and will be cited in this guide as 23 CFR 645. Material presented in 23 CFR 645 is reviewed by subject matter in this guide. A historical perspective is included for several items to explain why certain policy requirements were established. Examples are included showing how certain provisions have been applied. This guide also incorporates information from several FHWA Headquarters responses to field inquiries that have served as interpretations or explanations of various policy provisions. KW - Electric utilities KW - Electric utility facilities KW - Federal aid highways KW - Gas utilities KW - Laws KW - Policy KW - Public utilities KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Transmission lines KW - Water utilities UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/utilguid/index.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/731748 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00938246 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Leiphart, K L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PUSHING THROUGH THE SAFETY PLATEAU PY - 2003/01 VL - 66 IS - 4 SP - p. 38-41 AB - Roughly 10 years ago, U.S. highway fatality numbers reached a plateau (between 39,000 and 42,000) and have remained static ever since. In order to restore progress in highway safety, the transportation community must find new, cost-effective methods that can be implemented in a timely manner. The development of these safety measures should include an awareness of needs in different localities and funcational road classes. After development, the innovations must reach the transportation professionals, who can then implement and use them to break through the safety plateau. This article focuses on the FHWA communication component of this needed technology transfer. KW - Automobile travel KW - Communication KW - Crash data KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Safety education KW - Safety programs KW - Technology transfer KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03jan/08.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/733607 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00938248 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Alicandri, E AU - Warren, D L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANAGING SPEED PY - 2003/01 VL - 66 IS - 4 SP - p. 48-52 AB - The dual challenges of the transportation system are to move traffic both safely and efficiently. Although highways and motor vehicles are designed to operate safely at speeds traveled by most motorists, almost 1 in 3 traffic fatalities in the U.S. is related to speeding, either involving exceeding the posted speed limit or driving too fast for certain conditions. Because speeding is a complex problem involving many factors (personal behavior, roadway features, and enforcement strategies), the U.S. Department of Transportation organized a multidisciplinary, multiagency Speed Management Team (SMT) to deal with this problem. This article provides an overview of the structural makeup and outreach efforts of the SMT. KW - Automobile driving KW - Crash causes KW - Highway safety KW - Safety campaigns KW - Safety programs KW - Speed control KW - Speed Management Team (U.S. DOT) KW - Traffic speed KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03jan/10.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/733609 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00938247 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Griffith, M S AU - Hayden, C AU - Kalla, H AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DATA IS KEY TO UNDERSTANDING AND IMPROVING SAFETY PY - 2003/01 VL - 66 IS - 4 SP - p. 42-47 AB - The amount and quality of available data are key components for improving highway safety performance. The continuing challenge at this juncture is gathering complete and accurate data, and making it more accessible and easier-to-use for transportation leaders and decisionmakers. This article discusses the recent improvement in data collection tools available for tapping into safety knowledge, and introduces a new software resource (SafetyAnalyst) that is under development. KW - Crash data KW - Data collection KW - Highway safety KW - Safety engineering KW - SafetyAnalyst (Software) KW - Software packages KW - Traffic crashes KW - Transportation engineers UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03jan/09.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/733608 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00938243 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Opiela, K S AU - Andersen, C K AU - Schertz, G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DRIVING AFTER DARK PY - 2003/01 VL - 66 IS - 4 SP - p. 22-25 AB - The challenges to driving at night are much greater than during the day as many of the visual cues necessary for safe driving are harder to see. According to data in Traffic Safety Facts 2000, published by the National Traffic Safety Administration, fatal crash rates for nighttime driving are 3-4 times that for daytime driving. A high proportion of nighttime crashes are single vehicle, run-off-road crashes, suggesting that driver inability to recognize delineation, guidance, or warning information may be a contributing factor. To provide state and local agencies with information on verifiable improvements that can save lives and reduce the cost of crashes to society, the FHWA maintains an ongoing research program for improving the performance of retroflective signs and markings, assessing the potential impact of new vehicle headlight technologies, analyzing effectiveness of roadway lighting, and studying other aspects of human vision, visibility, and driver performance. This article describes this FHWA research program in some detail. KW - Automobile driving KW - Crash causes KW - Crash rates KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Night visibility KW - Ran off road crashes KW - Research projects KW - Retroreflectivity KW - Road markings KW - Safety programs KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03jan/05.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/733604 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00938245 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Redmon, T AU - Boodlal, L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LIFE IN THE CROSSWALK PY - 2003/01 VL - 66 IS - 4 SP - p. 32-37 AB - On average, a pedestrian is killed or injured in a traffic crash every 7 min. With pedestrians now accounting for approximately 11% of roadway fatalities/year, FHWA has modified its approach on roadway safety to include more effort and funding to safeguard walkers and bicyclists. FHWA's new approach, described herein, now includes education and outreach, with a 3-pronged strategy: 1) educate the public about safe pedestrian behavior; 2) get drivers into the habit of watching for and yielding to pedestrians; and 3) ensure that engineers and planners accommodate nonmotorized traffic when they design roadways and other transportation facilities. KW - Bicycle crashes KW - Crash causes KW - Crosswalks KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Pedestrian education KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Safety education KW - Traffic crash victims KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03jan/07.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/733606 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00938240 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - TRENTACOSTE, M F AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HELPING RESEARCH PAY OFF PY - 2003/01 VL - 66 IS - 4 SP - p. 6-9 AB - Statistics show that highway safety has improved significantly over the past 2 decades, with fatalities decreasing by 19% during a period when the number of drivers increased by 47% and the level of travel increased 76%. However, highway-related injuries and fatalities remain at an unacceptably high level. In order to be successful in improving road safety, the entire highway safety community must improve the coordination of research, development, and technology programs. In December 1997, AASHTO adopted a "Strategic Highway Safety Plan," designed to help raise the level of coordination among highway safety stakeholders to leverage the limited funding available for research, to accommodate the full spectrum of multidimensional driver-vehicle roadway interactions, and to improve the likelihood of successful technology best practices implementation and adoption. This article provides an overview of this AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan. KW - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials KW - Automobile travel KW - Coordination KW - Crash data KW - Highway safety KW - Safety management KW - Safety programs KW - Stakeholders KW - United States KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/733601 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00938241 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - TAYLOR, H W AU - Meczkowski, L AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAFER ROADSIDES PY - 2003/01 VL - 66 IS - 4 SP - p. 10-15 AB - Each year, according to FHWA data, more than 16,000 people are killed and another 1 million are injured in run-off-the-road (ROR) vehicle crashes, costing society $80 billion/year. Numerous governmental agencies are working to combat the ROR problem, which has been on the rise and made up 33% of total crashes in 1995 and 38% in 2000. By 2007, FHWA would like to reduce fatalities involving roadway departure crashes by 10%. This article describes some of the specific programs being undertaken as part of a new FHWA approach that aims to help meet this objective including research, working cooperatively with other organizations, and developing and implementing strategies such as new computer analysis tools. KW - Automobile driving KW - Automobile travel KW - Crash causes KW - Crash locations KW - Highway safety KW - Ran off road crashes KW - Roadside hazards KW - Safety programs KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03jan/03.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/733602 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00938244 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Bared, J G AU - Hasson, P AU - Ranck, F N AU - Kalla, H AU - Ferlis, R A AU - Griffith, M S AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REDUCING POINTS OF CONFLICT PY - 2003/01 VL - 66 IS - 4 SP - p. 26-31 AB - The FHWA identified safety as one of its Vital Few goals. As a means of focusing its safety efforts, FHWA's strategic goal is to reduce the number of highway-related fatalities and injuries by 20% by 2008. Additionally, FHWA also aims to reduce intersection fatalities 10% by 2007. To this end, FHWA and number of other highway organizations are orchestrating a variety of innovative activities and research initiatives. This article provides an overview of these efforts, from informational guidebooks to research programs and international scans, design of smarter roundabouts and signalized intersections, reduced red light running, and other cutting-edge research to increase the safety of U.S. automobile travel. KW - Automobile driving KW - Fatalities KW - High risk locations KW - Highway safety KW - Injuries KW - Intersections KW - Roundabouts KW - Safety programs KW - Traffic circles KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03jan/06.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/733605 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00938239 JO - Public Roads PB - Federal Highway Administration AU - Ostensen, A G AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SAVING LIVES: A VITAL FHWA GOAL PY - 2003/01 VL - 66 IS - 4 SP - p. 2-5 AB - Due to FHWA efforts, as well as those of highway engineers, state departments of transportation, local transportation agencies, and the automobile industry, driving has become an increasingly safer activity. From 1966-2001, the fatality rate declined from 5.5/100 million highway vehicle miles traveled (HVMT) to 1.52 fatalities/HVMT. However, despite advances and improvements, more than 42,000 people died in automobile crashes in 2001: 1 death every 13 minutes--far too high a price to pay for mobility. The FHWA is continuing to keep highway safety as the centerpoint of its efforts as one of the agency's 3 must-do goals--safety, environmental stewardship and streamlining, and congestion mitigation. This article discusses the ongoing FHWA focus on increasing safety and reducing fatalities on the road. KW - Automobile travel KW - Crash data KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Safety campaigns KW - Safety education KW - Safety programs KW - Traffic crashes KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/03jan/01.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/733600 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938460 AU - Medley, S B AU - Demetsky, M J AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF CONGESTION PERFORMANCE MEASURES USING ITS INFORMATION PY - 2003/01 SP - 44 p. AB - The objectives of this study were to define a performance measure(s) that could be used to show congestion levels on critical corridors throughout Virginia and to develop a method to select and calculate performance measures to quantify congestion in a transportation system. Such measures could provide benchmarks or base values of congestion to aid in measuring changes in the performance of the highway system. A general method was developed to monitor congestion using performance measures and the intelligent transportation system information from the Virginia Smart Travel Lab. Two performance measures were selected for investigation: total delay and the buffer index. These performance measures were applied to evaluate congestion levels on the roadways in the Hampton Roads region of Virginia. Each measure shows a different dimension of congestion. In general, total delay is better suited for use by transportation professionals because it is given in units of vehicle-minutes and applies to all vehicles on a segment of roadway. The buffer index is suitable for use by the public because it addresses individual vehicle trip travel time and can be used for trip planning. The buffer index is also important to transportation professionals as a measure of variability. This research provides information on the changing state of congestion on selected corridors throughout Virginia. It will help the Virginia Department of Transportation determine the best ways to measure congestion and provide a way to compare congestion over periods of time to ascertain if the delay has grown worse or improved. This research can also help establish a benchmark for traveler delay on Virginia's roadways. KW - Benchmarks KW - Hampton Roads (Virginia) KW - Highway corridors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Measurement KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic delays KW - Travel time UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/03-r1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20000/20004/PB2003102180.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730681 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00938459 AU - Scully, J R AU - Marks, C A AU - Hurley, M F AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - Virginia Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TESTING OF SELECTED METALLIC REINFORCING BARS FOR EXTENDING THE SERVICE LIFE OF CONCRETE BRIDGES: TESTING IN SOLUTIONS PY - 2003/01 SP - 52 p. AB - Stainless steel-clad rebar provides an opportunity to significantly increase the chloride threshold concentration associated with active corrosion initiation compared to plain carbon steel. However, threshold chloride concentrations for 316L stainless steel-clad rebar are unknown. Moreover, the impact of possible galvanic corrosion between the clad layer and any exposed carbon steel core has not been investigated. The chloride threshold concentrations for corrosion initiation on clad 316L stainless steel (with a thickness of about 1 mm over a carbon steel core), solid 316LN stainless steel, and plain carbon steel were examined in saturated calcium hydroxide plus various concentrations of sodium chloride. The electrochemical properties of "intact" 316L stainless steel-clad rebar were found to be similar to those of solid 316LN stainless steel according to several electrochemical criteria. The chloride threshold concentrations for corrosion initiation were increased to chloride/hydroxide molar ratios as high as 17 to 24 even at high anodic potentials for "intact" 316L-clad and solid 316LN stainless steel, respectively. Thus, active corrosion of "intact" 316L-clad rebar could be delayed for many years due to the high chloride/hydroxide molar ratios required at the stainless steel/concrete interface and the slow transport rate of chloride in concrete. In contrast, the threshold chloride concentration for corrosion initiation on carbon steel was low (chloride/hydroxide molar ratio < 1.5) at all potentials. Cladding with a physical breech exhibited chloride/hydroxide thresholds dominated by the exposed plain carbon steel. Galvanic coupling between exposed plain carbon steel and the stainless steel-cladding accelerated corrosion of the plain carbon steel only at and above the chloride/hydroxide ratio necessary for corrosion initiation on carbon steel. KW - Carbon steel KW - Chloride content KW - Clad metals KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Electrochemical corrosion KW - Galvanic coupling KW - Hydroxides KW - Reinforced concrete bridges KW - Reinforcing bars KW - Service life KW - Stainless steel UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37100/37117/03-CR11.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730680 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00936912 AU - National Highway Institute TI - THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY INSTITUTE TRANSPORTATION TRAINING RESOURCE CATALOG. CD-ROM PY - 2003/01 SP - 256 p. AB - The transportation sector continues to be impacted by the changing economy, technology, demographics, and numerous other factors. Nearly 50 percent of the current workforce at Federal, State and local levels will be eligible to retire in the next 10 years. The transportation community faces a daunting task of addressing these challenges with less people in a rapidly changing environment. Focusing on the FHWA vision to "improve transportation for a strong America," NHI has placed particular emphasis on delivering courses to advance Administrator's "vital few" goals of safety, congestion mitigation and environmental stewardship and streamlining. Specifically, these courses advance current practices, incorporate new technologies, and keep abreast of current federal policies. This CD-ROM provides information about current training courses in: (1) structures; (2) materials and pavements; (3) design of traffic operations; (4) construction and maintenance; (5) hydraulics; (6) ITS; (7) environment; (8) financial management; (9) civil rights; (10) highway safety and other related topics. Each course description provides the course number, title, fee, length, course objectives, target audience and appropriate course contacts. Also included is a list of other Transportation/Highway related organizations, which also provide Training Courses/Programs. KW - Financial analysis KW - Highway safety KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Manuals KW - Structures KW - Traffic congestion KW - Training KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730141 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01570173 AU - North Carolina State University, Raleigh TI - Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Ecology & Transportation (ICOET 2003) PY - 2003 SP - 688p AB - The mission of the International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET) is to identify and share quality research applications and best management practices that address wildlife, habitat, and ecosystem issues related to the delivery of surface transportation systems. ICOET is the primary forum for an international gathering of the foremost experts in the field of transportation development, related scientific study, and administrative processes that can enhance both the project development process and the ecological sustainability of transportation systems. On August 24, 2003, the second ICOET opened in Lake Placid, New York. The theme for ICOET 2003 was “Making Connections”. Papers are organized into 16 sessions: 1) Overview of International and Federal Activities; 2) Aquatic Ecosystems: Fish Passage and Protection; 3) Aquatic Ecosystems: Streams; 4) Aquatic Ecosystems: Wetlands; 5) Aquatic Ecosystems: Watersheds; 6) Habitat Connectivity: Planning and Assessment; 7) Habitat Connectivity: Placement of Crossing Structures; 8) Habitat Connectivity: Monitoring of Crossing Structures; 9) Animal-Vehicle Collision Reduction; 10) Wildlife Impacts - Mammals; 11) Wildlife Impacts - Herpetiles; 12) Wildlife Impacts - Birds and Insects; 13) Vegetation and Roadsides; 14) Technology Applications for Planning and Assessment; 15) Stewardship, Streamlining and Context-Sensitive Solutions; and 16) Planning for Sustainable Systems. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Aquatic life KW - Best practices KW - Conferences KW - Ecology KW - Ecosystems KW - Environmental protection KW - Ground transportation KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Roadside flora and fauna KW - Sustainable transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Wildlife KW - Wildlife crossings UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03ICOETProceedings.pdf UR - http://www.icoet.net/ICOET_2003/03proceedings.asp UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1359559 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01532321 AU - Carter, Robert K AU - Gardner, Kevin H AU - Hjelmar, Ole AU - Lopez, Sarynna AU - Kosson, David S AU - University of New Hampshire, Durham AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Mineralogical and Leaching Characteristics Of Weathered Industrial Ash PY - 2003///Final Report SP - 11p AB - It has been observed that waste materials from high-temperature processes are thermodynamically unstable in the natural environment and weather in a similar fashion to volcanic ash. The large surface area, small particle size and high pH enhance natural weathering processes. Experiments were conducted on municipal solid waste incinerator ash material to accelerate the individual mechanisms involved in this geochemical transformation process (dissolution, precipitation, carbonation and pH reduction) and pH-dependent leaching experiments were used to characterize changes in the availability of lead in the weathered materials. The development of crystalline mineral material with artificial weathering was compared with naturally aged pulverized coal fly ash, as well as previous experimental materials, to determine a concurrence in the artificial weathering method used to natural weathering products. Use of x-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy show more defined crystalline mineral composition of the naturally weathered and artificially weathered ash materials when compared to carbonated or fresh ash materials. The use of elevated temperatures in addition to increase pressures and varying moisture contents proved to be comparable to natural weathering processes in initial weathering product tendencies. However combined weathering methods of carbonation and artificial weathering proved more effective at reduction of lead leaching than did either method alone. KW - Fly ash KW - Leaching KW - Lead (Metal) KW - Mineralogy KW - Waste products KW - Weathering UR - http://rmrc.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/3-4final.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1315574 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01532308 AU - Carter, Robert AU - Gardner, Kevin AU - Shimaoka, Takayuki AU - Miyawaki, Kentaro AU - University of New Hampshire, Durham AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Long-term Leaching Behavior Changes in Granular Waste Materials due to Chemical Weathering Processes: Implications for Beneficial Use PY - 2003///Final Report SP - 8p AB - One of the important aspects of using recycled materials in a beneficial manner in roadway construction is assurance of human health and environmental protection. Long-term leaching of metals from ashes, slags, and foundry materials, that are excellent candidates for base materials, is a process that requires further elucidation, particularly as these materials are subject to chemical weathering over time. Chemical weathering has the potential to significantly impact estimates of long-term leaching from byproduct materials, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are still not well understood or documented. This paper presents an investigative technique reliant largely on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), in combination with complementary analytical techniques, to characterize phase changes in municipal solid waste (MSW) bottom ash that has been weathered in a lysimeter for 3 years. FTIR results demonstrate the weathering of allophane and proto-immogolite allophane tending toward halloysite, which implies a limiting factor in the weathering process and further suggests that the weathering products of ash materials may be intentionally altered by control of the porewater chemistry. KW - Bottom ash KW - Fourier transforms KW - Infrared spectroscopy KW - Leaching KW - Waste products KW - Weathering UR - http://rmrc.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/3-4final.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1317216 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01519405 AU - Pisano, Paul AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Advanced Decision Support for Winter Road Maintenance. PY - 2003 SP - 3p AB - The Maintenance Decision Support System (MDSS) is a decision support tool that has the ability to provide weather predictions focused toward the road surface. These predictions are then merged with customized rules of practice that have been captured from maintenance managers and coded into a computer algorithm. The outcome is a set of treatment recommendations that will help an agency maintain the highest level of service possible given available staff and equipment resources, while minimizing the amount of material applied to the roads. An initial demonstration of the MDSS prototype was deployed and evaluated during the second half of the winter of 2002-2003 in central Iowa. Three Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) maintenance garages took part. While there were some startup problems and the recognition that some aspects of roadway weather forecasting are pushing the state-of-the-science of what is currently possible, everyone agreed that the effort was worthwhile, and the system should continue to be developed and tested. After integrating lessons-learned from the winter demonstration and adding additional capabilities, there are plans to conduct a second, longer demonstration in Iowa over the winter of 2003-2004. KW - Decision support systems KW - Iowa KW - Maintenance management KW - Prototypes KW - Weather conditions KW - Weather forecasting KW - Winter maintenance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30600/30600/mdss_article.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1302465 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01462770 TI - Development of a Structurally Optimized Ultra-High Performance Decked Bridge Girder AB - The characteristics of UHPC are particularly well suited to the structural and environmental challenges that are placed on every highway bridge. Specifically, the compressive strength allows for high levels of prestressing and the tensile strengths allow for reduction or elimination of mild (i.e., shear, shrinkage, temperature) steel reinforcement. The durability allows for long-lasting concrete structures which is especially important for bridge decks. The FHWA's research into optimal uses of UHPC in bridges is focusing on methods of economically and efficiently using this concrete to produce long-lasting, very durable bridges that can be fabricated and constructed quickly. A first generation superstructure/deck combination has been developed and tested. In general terms, the structural member is a prestressed girder with a bulbed double-tee cross-section that was designed to meet the structural and environmental loading demands of a standard highway bridge while also significantly reducing erection and overall construction times. The knowledge gained from the fabrication and testing of the first generation girder has led to the design of a second generation solution. Physical testing of the structural behavior of this next generation solution is pending. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge superstructures KW - Compressive strength KW - Durability KW - Girder bridges KW - Highway bridges KW - Prestressing KW - Research projects KW - Shrinkage KW - Tensile strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230993 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01462481 TI - Multiple Corrosion Protection Systems For Reinforced Concrete Bridge Components AB - The objective of this research is to conduct a study of techniques for making epoxy-coated reinforcement (ECR) more corrosion resistant by using multiple corrosion protection strategies for ECR in bridge decks as well as for bridge members in a marine environment where abundant salt, moisture, and high temperatures (tropical weather) are prevalent. This objective will be achieved using laboratory and field tests, the results of which will be used to compare the performance of the corrosion protection systems on the basis of chloride threshold, corrosion rate, life expectancy, and cost effectiveness. Fusion-bonded thermoset epoxy-coated reinforcement will be evaluated in conjunction with inorganic and organic corrosion inhibitors, bars initially coated with zinc prior to epoxy application, and chemical pretreatments and epoxy formulations that increase the adhesion of the epoxy coating. The laboratory work will be initiated following a thorough review of the literature that will build on a broadly based corrosion literature archive that has been accumulated at the University of Kansas. KW - Bridges KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Corrosion resistant materials KW - Corrosion resistant steel KW - Highway bridges KW - Research projects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1230702 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01390243 AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Research and Technology Office AU - United States. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Research and Technology TI - Corporate master plan for research and deployment of technology and innovation PY - 2003 IS - FHWA-RD-03-077 SP - 20p KW - Federal government KW - Innovation KW - Innovation KW - National government KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research and educational facilities KW - Research needs KW - Research organization KW - Technology KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1158009 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01334405 AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Byways to the Past Technical Series: 20th Century Resources, Volume 2 PY - 2003 AB - This CD-ROM contains a Microsoft Access database, Pennsylvania Historic Resources Survey Forms, and available photographs, compiled from the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission's Bureau for Historic Preservation's extensive records and databases. Included are some of the most difficult resource types to evaluate for the thirty-year period of the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s. Volume 2 contains the following: Motor Courts, Post Offices, Subdivisions, and Theaters. KW - 20th century KW - Architecture KW - Historic sites KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1097773 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01334404 AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Byways to the Past Technical Series: 20th Century Resources, Volume 1 PY - 2003 SP - v.p. AB - This CD-ROM contains a Microsoft Access database, Pennsylvania Historic Resources Survey Forms, and available photographs, compiled from the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission's Bureau for Historic Preservation's extensive records and databases. Included are some of the most difficult resource types to evaluate for the thirty-year period of the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s. Volume 1 contains the following: Attractions, Banks, Company Housing, Diners, Drive-In Theaters, Fire Stations, Garages, and Gas Stations. KW - 20th century KW - Architecture KW - Historic sites KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1097772 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01120614 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Transportation Asset Management Case Studies: Highway Economic Requirements System: The Oregon Experience PY - 2003 SP - 11p AB - Since 1991, the Oregon Department of Transportation has used computer models to support its investment decision-making processes. Initially, Oregon relied on the Highway Performance Monitoring System Analytical Process (HPMS AP). The HPMS AP is an imvestment/performance simulation model designed to predict the investment required to correct current and future highway system deficiencies. This approach relies primarily on engineering considerations and only marginally considers the highway user. While developing its 1999 Oregon Highway Plan, ODOT decided to change their methodology to one that incorporated economics and the impact of investment decisions on highway users. At about this time, ODOT became aware of the Highway Economic Requirements System (HERS), a new investment/performance model that had just been introduced by the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) for use at the Federal level. The HERS differs from the HPMS AP in that it incorporates economics into its investment selection simulation procedures. Initially, the national version of HERS was not available for State use, but ODOT obtained a copy through a contractor working on the update of its Highway Plan. ODOT worked closely with the contractor in modifying the software to make it useful as a State-level planning tool. The revised program, which came to be known as HERS-OR, was successfully used in producing the 1999 Oregon Highway Plan. ODOT continues to use the HERS model for selected planning and policy analyses, and envisions significant new applications in the future. ODOT is one of the first States to use the HERS model for planning and policy analysis at the State level. Recently, Oregon has begun to upgrade from HERS-OR to HERS-ST, the State-level HERS model supported by USDOT. HERS-ST has most of the features of HERS-OR, but also has updated formulas and calculations and is considerably more user friendly. This case study report examines the Oregon experience with HERS. KW - Asset management KW - Case studies KW - Decision making KW - Economic analysis KW - Highway Economic Requirements System KW - Investments KW - Oregon KW - Oregon Department of Transportation KW - Planning KW - Policy analysis UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/asstmgmt/dior.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/880553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01076758 AU - Applied Technology Council AU - Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Recommended LRFD Guidelines for the Seismic Design of Highway Bridges Part II: Commentary and Appendices PY - 2003 SP - 294p AB - This document contains Commentary and Appendices that were developed to clarify and explain the technical basis for the Specifications provided in Part O of the Recommended LRFD Guidelines for the Seismic Design of Highway Bridges. Commentary are provided for each chapter. Also included is a complete list of references including those cited as well as those considered but not cited, and a list of acronyms is also provided. KW - AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications KW - Bridge design KW - Commentary KW - Earthquake resistant design KW - Guidelines KW - Highway bridges KW - Recommendations KW - Seismicity KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/820600 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074665 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - United States Highway 2, US Highway 85 to West of US Highway 52 Williams, Mountrail and Ward counties: environmental impact statement PY - 2003///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix, Final, Final Appendix. KW - Environmental impact statements KW - North Dakota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/834059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074587 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - U. S. 287/26 from Moran Junction to 12 miles west of Dubois, Teton and Fremont counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2003///Volumes held: Draft, F(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Wyoming UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01073954 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Dave Lyle Boulevard extension, York and Lancaster counties : environmental impact statement PY - 2003///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - South Carolina UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833348 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01062330 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - US 219 between Springville to Salamanca, Improvements from NY 39 to NY 17 : environmental impact statement PY - 2003///Volumes held: D,DappA/B(fol),DappC,DappD, DappE,DappF,DappG,DappG Attachments(fol), DappH, DappI,DappJ, DappK,DappL, DappM,DappN,DappO, DappP,DappQ,DappR,F(v.1,v.3-7),FappA-B(fol), FappG(fol) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/821827 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01042421 AU - UCLA Extension Public Policy Program TI - Traffic Congestion: Issues and Options, June 26-27, 2003, Washington, D.C. - A Conference Summary PY - 2003 SP - 51p AB - With a focus on the policy issues relevant to the upcoming Transportation Efficiency Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) reauthorization, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) organized a conference on Traffic Congestion: Issues and Options in Washington, D.C. on June 26 - 27, 2003 to assess the severity of the congestion problem, to discuss its causes and consequences, and to explore feasible technical, institutional, and policy strategies for mitigating congestion. The conference brought together transportation agency and industry leaders, policymakers, opinion leaders, practitioners, and researchers to debate how congestion and its impacts may be quantified most accurately, and what congestion related goals are realistic: reducing congestion, emphasizing increased reliability over increased speeds, simply preventing worsening of congestion, or simply learning to live with it. This report summarizes the conference. The ten session titles include: 1. Understanding Traffic Congestion; 2. Addressing Congestion with Capacity Improvements; 3. The Federal Role in Addressing Traffic Congestion; 4. Improving Goods Movement in Congested Areas; 5. Using New Technologies and Information to Better Manage Multimodal Traffic Flow; 6. Views from Capitol Hill on Traffic Congestion and TEA-21 Reauthorization; 7. The Roles of Land Use Planning and Improved Public Transit in Relieving Congestion; 8. Traffic Congestion and Air Quality; 9. The Prospects for Market-Oriented Solutions to Congestion; and 10. Synthesis. U1 - Traffic Congestion: Issues and OptionsAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)American Public Transportation AssociationAmerican Road & Transportation Builders AssociationFederal Highway AdministrationNational Cooperative Highway Research ProgramEnvironmental Protection AgencyUniversity of California Transportation Center (UCTC)Washington,D.C.,United States StartDate:20030626 EndDate:20030627 Sponsors:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), American Public Transportation Association, American Road & Transportation Builders Association, Federal Highway Administration, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Environmental Protection Agency, University of California Transportation Center (UCTC) KW - Air quality KW - Conferences KW - Federal government KW - Freight traffic KW - Highway capacity KW - Information systems KW - Institutional barriers KW - Land use planning KW - Markets KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Reduction (Decrease) KW - Reliability KW - Roles KW - Speed KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic mitigation KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century UR - http://www.uclaextension.edu/unex/departmentalPages/publicpolicy/report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/802768 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01036375 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Keeping it Simple: Easy Ways to Help Wildlife Along Roads PY - 2003 SP - 58p AB - The purpose of this brochure is to highlight, for the transportation community and the traveling public, easy ways of reducing highway impacts on wildlife. The brochure highlights more than 100 simple, successful activities from all 50 states and from the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA's) Western Federal Lands Division. The brochure notes ways to keep it simple along roads, on or near bridges, on or along waterways, and on wetlands and uplands. Wildlife signs, fences, less mowing of transition zones, dimming lights, and digging trenches are only a few of the many successful activities used to protect the large number and widely varying species of wildlife from being negatively impacted by our infrastructure. KW - Bridges KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental protection KW - Fences KW - Highway travel KW - Highways KW - Infrastructure KW - Lighting KW - Mowing KW - Signs KW - Travelers KW - Trenches KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/790940 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01023840 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ACTT Workshop - Project Pegasus: September 9-11, 2003, Dallas, Texas PY - 2003 SP - 84p AB - Accelerated Construction Technology Transfer (ACTT) is a strategic process that identifies innovative techniques and technologies to reduce construction time on major highway projects while enhancing safety and improving quality. In September 2003, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) hosted a two-day workshop that applied ACTT principles and practices to the real-life case of "Project Pegasus," a major reconstruction of the downtown Dallas IH 30/IH 35E interchange as well as other portions of both highways, now in the planning phases. Its purpose was twofold: to draw on the expertise of participants to help generate specific, practical recommendations for the ongoing development of Dallas' Project Pegasus; and to demonstrate for attendees how the ACTT process works in a real-life scenario so that they could apply ACTT in their own agencies. The key element of the workshop was the brainstorming session, which brought together experts from across the country with their local counterparts to search for methods and measures that would help TxDOT achieve its chief project objectives, namely minimizing construction time and traffic delays.This report of the workshop is presented in four chapters covering (1) ACTT background and purpose, (2) project details, (3) TxDOT workshop meeting details, and (4) next steps. U1 - ACTT Workshop - Project PegasusFederal Highway AdministrationAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Texas Department of TransportationDallas,Texas,United States StartDate:20030909 EndDate:20030911 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Texas Department of Transportation KW - Accelerated construction KW - Accelerated Construction Technology Transfer (ACTT) KW - Dallas (Texas) KW - Interchanges KW - Interstate highways KW - Reconstruction KW - Technology transfer KW - Time savings KW - Traffic delays KW - Workshops UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/construction/accelerated/pegasus.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/781589 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00989183 AU - Public Technology, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UNCLOGGING ARTERIALS: PRESCRIPTIONS FOR RELIEVING CONGESTION AND IMPROVING SAFETY ON MAJOR LOCAL ROADWAYS PY - 2003 SP - 76 p. AB - Because arterial roadways handle a growing share of traffic, effective arterial management strategies play a critical role in congestion relief. In fact, arterial roadways need the most management, because they perform the dual function of serving through traffic and providing access to abutting properties. Some of the management options in this guidebook involve Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies, road condition sensors, automated traffic signals, changeable message signs, and video surveillance cameras. The interstate highways surrounding most major metropolitan areas in the United States are served by ITS technologies that state highway departments have installed within the last decade. ITS is still relatively rare on arterial roadways. Some ITS technologies may be too expensive for many local governments to consider, but some are within reach, and all eventually will yield major benefits for a community. In this document, some specific strategies for unclogging a community's arterial traffic flow are discussed in detail, including signal timing, signal coordination and interconnection, cross-jurisdictional coordination, adaptive signal control systems, freeway/arterial coordination, access management, bus rapid transit, regional incident management partnerships, event management, construction work zone management, automated enforcement, transportation demand management, arterial/rail grade crossings, transit and emergency vehicle signal priority, and footing the high-tech bill. Case studies are presented and an action checklist is provided. KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Adaptive control KW - Arterial highways KW - Automated enforcement KW - Bus priority KW - Bus rapid transit KW - Case studies KW - Event management KW - Financing KW - Guidelines KW - Incident management KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Travel demand management KW - Work zone traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/754968 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00987704 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRAVEL BETTER, TRAVEL LONGER: A POCKET GUIDE TO IMPROVE TRAFFIC CONTROL AND MOBILITY FOR OUR OLDER POPULATION PY - 2003 SP - 54 p. AB - This pocket guide was prepared to assist transportation professionals in making decisions about the use of traffic control devices, taking into account the unique needs of our Nation's increasingly elderly population. This guide is intended for use by engineers, technicians, construction contractors, researchers, educators, and others involved in traffic control, roadway design and construction, and transportation. The guide highlights specific traffic situations that are particularly troublesome for older roadway users, such as left turns and temporary traffic control zones, and provides information on the use of traffic control devices to maximize safety in these circumstances. It is divided into three chapters: (1) Intersections and Interchanges; (2) Curves; and (3) Temporary Traffic Control Zones. KW - Aged KW - Aged drivers KW - Decision making KW - Guidelines KW - Highway curves KW - Interchanges KW - Intersections KW - Mobility KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic safety KW - Work zone traffic control UR - http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/pdfs/PocketGuide0404.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/753609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00986349 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ASSET MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES: LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS - THE PENNSYLVANIA EXPERIENCE PY - 2003 SP - 16 p. AB - Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is an engineering economic analysis tool useful in comparing the relative merit of competing pavement design alternatives. This analytical approach uses a structured methodology to account for the costs of agency activities and the effects of those activities on transportation users. By considering all of the relevant costs incurred during the service life of an asset, the LCCA process helps transportation officials to select the lowest total cost option and provides a means to balance user impacts with the construction, rehabilitation, and preservation requirements of the pavement itself. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation has a long and successful history of using LCCA in its pavement selection decision process. This booklet discusses Pennsylvania's experience with LCCA. KW - Asset management KW - Case studies KW - Civil engineering KW - Economic analysis KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Pavement design KW - Pennsylvania KW - Preservation KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Road construction KW - Service life UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/asstmgmt/dipa2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/748067 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00982095 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - GEOFREIGHT: THE INTERMODAL FREIGHT DISPLAY TOOL CD PY - 2003 SP - v.p. AB - This 2-CD set presents a tool that uses a routing model to assign data on freight flows to various components of the transportation network. The tool is a prototype that serves two purposes: to graphically display geographic relationships between freight movements and infrastructure; and to assist freight policymakers and planners in identifying the flows of domestic and international freight across the nation and in assessing the current and potential major freight bottlenecks in the U.S. transportation system. KW - Bottlenecks KW - CD-ROM KW - Commodity flow KW - Freight traffic KW - Geography KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Policy making KW - Routing KW - Transportation planning KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00979404 AU - Shah, Vaishali AU - Larkin, James AU - Bunch, Jim AU - Wunderlich, Karl AU - Mitretek Systems AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ESTIMATING AGGREGATE REGIONAL USER ON-TIME RELIABILITY BENEFIT FROM PRE-TRIP ATIS: SEATTLE CASE STUDY PY - 2003 SP - 50 p. AB - This study explores the on-time reliability benefits to potential users of a personalized advanced traveler information system (ATIS) providing real-time pre-trip roadway information for the Seattle morning peak period through the application of Heuristic On-line Web- linked Arrival Time Estimation (HOWLATE) methodology. Previous research using this technique based findings on the assumption of equal weighting of all trips within a regional network. This study weights results by regional demand patterns to generate more accurate estimates of regional user benefits. The study also estimates annual regional user benefits to ATIS users for low levels of market penetration (0% - 3%). Market penetration percentages are based on the population of travelers using roads where ATIS is available rather than the population of the region. Based on a 6-month case study of Seattle morning peak period, regional benefit to routine users of the ATIS in the morning peak ranges from negligible to substantial ($2.5 million annually) depending on the market penetration profile and ATIS accuracy level. Regional ATIS users reduction in trip disutility is overestimated by 22% when regional demand is not considered because of an over-representation of very long trips that are likely to have high benefit from ATIS use. Findings from this case study also suggest that at high levels of reporting error, in the order of 15% to 20%, there will exist pocket populations of ATIS users that will derive significant benefits from ATIS. KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Real time information KW - Reliability UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13992_files/13992.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/740593 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00978380 AU - Latoski, Steven P AU - Dunn, Walter M AU - Wagenblast, Bernie AU - Randall, Jeffrey AU - Walker, Matthew D AU - Dunn Engineering Associates AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANAGING TRAVEL FOR PLANNED SPECIAL EVENTS: FINAL REPORT PY - 2003 SP - 427 p. AB - This handbook presents and recommends policies, regulations, planning and operations processes, impact mitigation strategies, equipment and personnel resources, and technology applications used in the advance planning management, and monitoring of travel for planned special events. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Special events KW - Travel demand management UR - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwaop04010/handbook.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/703631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00978381 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FULL ROAD CLOSURE FOR WORK ZONE OPERATIONS: A CROSS-CUTTING STUDY : >REDUCING CONGESTION AND CRASHES THROUGH FULL ROAD CLOSURE FOR MAINTENANCE AND CONSTRUCTION PY - 2003 SP - 45 p. AB - The objective of this report is to raise awareness among designers construction engineers, and managers of the applications and benefits of full road closure during rehabilitation and construction activities. Based on interviews with project personnel and literature reviews, six projects using a full road closure approach are described, including benefits, considerations for success, and lessons learned. Factors related to duration, cost, safety, mobility, quality and public sentiment during the application of full road closure are presented. Information on the full road closure strategy implemented in each area is described. For each site, the information provided includes: 1) Project description ; 2) Reasons for using full road closure; 3) Benefits of using full road closure; and, 4) Lessons learned. The report also provides brief discussions of projects where alternatives to full road closure are implemented. These include the following: limited capacity closures, nighttime/off-peak closures ramp closures, and intermittent closures. KW - Traffic control KW - Work zone safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13795.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/703632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00962505 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Department of Transportation TI - ITS/OPERATIONS RESOURCE GUIDE 2003 PY - 2003 SP - iii, 328 p. AB - This document is a comprehensive listing of over 400 documents websites, training courses, software tools, and points of contact related to innovative transportation operations strategies such as intelligent transportation systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems UR - http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS22728 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00961913 AU - Shenandoah Mountain Geographics, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE USE OF IMAGERY IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: A GUIDEBOOK PY - 2003 SP - 124 p. AB - Effective transportation planning requires current, accurate geospatial information about the transportation infrastructure, associated interrelationships between the land use and demographics, and the ways that the land uses and demographics interact with, and use the transportation infrastructure. The increasing need to gather this information across diverse functions, scales, and ownerships has resulted in wider and more efficient use of remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and associated technologies. This guidebook provides information on taking measurements of objects from a distance, or remote sensing, and its uses in transportation planning. The guidebook provides background information on the key concepts of remote sensing, uses of remote sensing in specific transportation planning activities, and steps to integrate imagery-based products of remote sensing into a GIS environment for use by transportation planners. The guidebook is organized to present overview information on remote sensing followed by specific applications of imagery uses in transportation planning. KW - Applications KW - Demographics KW - Geographic information systems KW - Guidelines KW - Imagery KW - Infrastructure KW - Land use KW - Remote sensing KW - Technology KW - Transportation planning UR - http://media.tmiponline.org/clearinghouse/imagery/intro.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00975963 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNITY SYSTEM PRESERVATION (TCSP) PILOT PROGRAM: PROJECT CASE STUDIES PY - 2003 SP - v.p. AB - The Transportation and Community and System Preservation (TCSP) Pilot Program was established in the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century to provide a comprehensive initiative to investigate and address the relationship between transportation and community and system preservation, and to identify private sector-based initiatives. The TCSP Program has funded projects that have been completed or are nearing completion. This CD-ROM contains project case studies that illustrate the innovative efforts being undertaken nationwide to: integrate land use and transportation planning; balance economic growth, the environment, and community values; create a long-range vision for a community or region; increase travel options in urban, suburban, and rural areas; reuse existing infrastructure; and create partnerships among a broad range of public, private, and nontraditional groups. Each case study provides an overview to the project, partnerships, participants, results, reactions, and lessons learned. The case studies currently available are: Charlottesville, Virginia: Jefferson Area Eastern Planning Initiative (FHWA-EP-03-052); Hartford, Connecticut: Picture It Better Together: Taking Transportation Goals from Policy to Reality (FHWA-EP-03-049); Houston, Texas: Main Street Corridor Planning and Research Project (FHWA-EP-03-048); Lexington, Kentucky: Bluegrass Corridor Management Planning Handbook (FHWA-EP-03-013); Saginaw, Michigan: Retrofitting Anytown, USA (FHWA-EP-03-047); San Diego, California: The PLACE3S (PLAnning for Community Energy, Environmental, and Economic Sustainability) Analysis Method (FHWA-EP-03-050); Washington, D.C.: Metropolitan Greenways and Circulation Systems (FHWA-EP-03-051); Building Partnerships to Strengthen Planning (FHWA-EP-03-011); GIS Tools for Transportation and Community Planning (FHWA-EP-03-009); Leveraging Resources: Financing Transportation and Community and System Preservation Projects (FHWA-EP-03-012); Project Development from Vision to Realization (FHWA-EP-03-014); and Public Involvement Strategies for Shaping Communities (FHWA-EP-03-010). KW - Case studies KW - CD-ROM KW - Communities KW - Economic growth KW - Environmental impacts KW - Land use KW - Long range planning KW - Partnerships KW - Private enterprise KW - Real estate development KW - Social values KW - Strategic planning KW - Sustainable development KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/703677 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00975962 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNITY AND SYSTEM PRESERVATION (TCSP) PILOT PROGRAM. THIRD-YEAR REPORT 2001: HIGHLIGHTS PY - 2003 SP - 16 p. AB - The Transportation and Community and System Preservation (TCSP) Pilot Program was established in 1998 to help state, local, and tribal governments develop innovative strategies that use transportation to build livable communities. This booklet highlights the accomplishments of the TCSP Program following its first three years of implementation through descriptions of key projects, lessons learned, and effective practices. The primary purpose of the TCSP Program is to strengthen the links between transportation and community preservation. To this end, Congress set five key objectives for the Program projects: To improve the efficiency of the transportation system; to reduce the environmental impacts of transportation; to reduce the need for costly future public infrastructure investments; to ensure efficient access to jobs, services, and centers of trade; and to examine development patterns and identify strategies to encourage private-sector development patterns that achieve these goals. KW - Access KW - Communities KW - Environmental impacts KW - Private enterprise KW - Real estate development KW - Strategic planning KW - Sustainable development KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/702740 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00960431 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) TI - MAKING INTERSECTIONS SAFER: A TOOLBOX OF ENGINEERING COUNTERMEASURES TO REDUCE RED-LIGHT RUNNING - AN INFORMATIONAL REPORT SN - 0935403760 PY - 2003 SP - 74 p. AB - This toolbox identifies engineering features at an intersection that should be able to discourage red-light running. It addresses design and operational features that many need to be upgraded as necessary. It provides a background of the characteristics of the red-light running problem; identifies how various engineering measures can be implemented to address this problem; suggests a procedure for selecting the appropriate engineering measures and provides guidance on when enforcement, including red light cameras, may be appropriate. KW - Behavior KW - Cameras KW - Countermeasures KW - Design KW - Drivers KW - Engineering KW - Highway safety KW - Operations KW - Red interval (Traffic signal cycle) KW - Red light running KW - Signalized intersections KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic violators UR - http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/intersection/redlight/cameras/rlr_report/ UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/23000/23400/23410/MakingInt_Safer.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/659922 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00943411 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CORPORATE MASTER PLAN FOR RESEARCH AND DEPLOYMENT OF TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION PY - 2003 SP - 26 p. AB - The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has a history of success in playing a lead role in national highway research and technology (R&T). In an effort to further improve its R&T Program, FHWA developed a Corporate Master Plan for Research and Deployment of Technology & Innovation (Plan). The purpose of the Plan is to continue to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of R&T, including the end goal of deploying and implementing technologies and innovations that improve the quality, cost effectiveness, and timeliness of products, procedures, processes, and practices. The Plan presents a role, new focus, and clear direction of the FHWA's R&T Program within the context of improving highway transportation. In addition, it outlines FHWA's corporate strategy for investing in and conducting research in cooperation with its partners and stakeholders. While the Plan does not contain detailed or descriptive "how to" language, it clearly lays out guiding principles, commitments, and key actions to strengthen the FHWA roles as innovator and leader in national highway R&T. FHWA's guiding principles and commitments for pursuing these opportunities for improvement are outlined in Appendix A. KW - Deployment KW - Guidelines KW - Highway transportation KW - Implementation KW - Improvements KW - Planning KW - Research management KW - Strategic planning KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/legsregs/directives/policy/cmp/03077.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00974791 AU - Oucho, M AU - Nakamura, S AU - Osterberg, T AU - Hallberg, S-E AU - Lwin, Myint M AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - APPLICATIONS OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE IN JAPAN, EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES PY - 2003 SP - 20 p. AB - Japan has used self-compacting concrete (SCC) in bridge, building and tunnel construction since the early 1990s. In the last five years, a number of SCC bridges have been constructed in Europe. In the United States, the application of SCC in highway bridge construction is very limited at this time. However, the U.S. precast concrete industry is beginning to apply the technology to architectural concrete. SCC has high potential for wider structural applications in highway bridge construction. This paper covers the applications of SCC in Japan and Europe. It discusses the potential for structural applications in the U.S. and the needs for research and development to make SCC technology available to the bridge engineers. KW - Europe KW - Highway bridges KW - Japan KW - Research KW - Self compacting concrete KW - Technological innovations KW - United States UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/scc.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/698204 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00974145 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FHWA/TRB MANAGED AND PRICED LANES WORKSHOP: SUMMARY OF WORKSHOP RESULTS PY - 2003 SP - v.p. AB - Potential policy, program and research initiatives to advance the planning, implementation and operation of managed and priced lanes were the focus of this two-day workshop. The objectives of the workshop were (1) to identify and prioritize potential research and technology transfer activities to advance the implementation of managed and priced lanes; and (2) to identify opportunities to champion and advance managed and priced lane research-related initiatives, particularly within the Transportation Research Board (TRB). The structure of the workshop allowed participants to spend the first day focused on the broader concept of managed lanes, while the focus of the second day was narrowed to address priced lanes. This workshop serves as a first step by the Federal Highway Administration and TRB to receive focused feedback on managed lane issues. Further efforts to obtain feedback in the future can be expected as additional planning and coordination takes place. U1 - FHWA/TRB Managed and Priced Lanes WorkshopTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationKey Biscayne, Florida StartDate:20031118 EndDate:20031119 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration KW - Bus lanes KW - Express lanes KW - High occupancy toll lanes KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Implementation KW - Managed lanes KW - Operations KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Priced lanes KW - Research KW - Reversible traffic lanes KW - Technology transfer KW - Transportation Research Board KW - Truck lanes KW - Workshops UR - http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/Travel/traffic/managed_lanes/doc/mplworkshop/index.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/698514 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00973217 AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY AND RELIABILITY INFORMATION SYSTEM MODEL DEPLOYMENT: IFLORIDA: FINAL DEPLOYMENT PLAN PY - 2003 SP - 60 p. AB - The Deployment Plan is one of the foundation planning elements of the iFlorida Model Deployment. This document fulfills several needs including: 1) Defining procurement methods for each of the procurements; 2) Determining staging / phasing for the procurements; 3) Providing a master schedule; 4) Identification of critical path projects; 5) Identification of system dependencies; 6) Identification of integration and deployment issues; and, 7) Project Development. The Deployment Plan includes detailed schedules and other relevant information. The Deployment Plan will serve as the guiding document for the Implementation Phase leading to the Operational Evaluation period beginning May 1, 2005. KW - Data fusion KW - Deployment KW - Electronic data interchange KW - Information systems KW - Telecommunications UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13963.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/697504 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00973213 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FINAL TEST PLANS : FORETELL (TM) CONSORTIUM OPERATIONAL TEST : WEATHER INFORMATION FOR SURFACE TRANSPORTATION PY - 2003 SP - 250 p. AB - The FORETELL project aims to provide detailed weather and road condition information in a meaningful format to various surface transportation users. The goal of the project is a safer, more efficient and accessible rural transportation system that is sensitive to environmental issues and encourages economic vitality. This evaluation focuses on assessing the decision process of potential users and measuring the resulting outcomes. As part of the overall evaluation, several tests are planned. This document serves as a detailed test plan for one such test: surveying highway maintenance personnel in Iowa, Wisconsin, and Missouri The evaluation of the FORETELL project has five central areas of interest: user acceptance decision effectiveness, safety and security, efficiency, and environmental conservation. The highway maintenance personnel surveys are designed to obtain specific information on each of these central evaluation areas. For example, the surveys will obtain, from highway maintenance personnel, measures of their use of FORETELL (user acceptance) and measures of their ability to improve storm management decisions (decision effectiveness), reduce exposure to unsafe road conditions (safety and security), reduce congestion and delay (efficiency), and reduce chemical contamination of the environment (environmental conservation). Section 2 presents an overview of the testing approach, Section 3 provides an anticipated schedule, and the remaining sections present specific details for implementing the testing program KW - Road weather information systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13878/13878.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/697500 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00973216 AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY AND RELIABILITY INFORMATION SYSTEM MODEL DEPLOYMENT: IFLORIDA: FINAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS PY - 2003 SP - 130 p. AB - The objective of the model deployment called iFlorida is to demonstrate the wide variety of operational functions that are enabled or enhanced by a surface transportation security and reliability information system. The model deployment will: 1) Expand and integrate existing data collection and monitoring systems; 2) Collect and share data; 3) Use the data operationally to improve transportation system security, safety, reliability and performance; and, 4) Where appropriate, distribute the data to the traveling public. The System Requirements Document is intended to be the finalization of the effort to collect and document requirements. This document will identify specific requirements and define its relationship within the system. The iFlorida requirements methodology section provides an understanding of the process of requirements management. Subsequent sections identify the requirements hierarchy and specific, detailed requirements for the various sub-systems within the iFlorida system. In order to be able to focus on the requirements for each of the eight critical path procurements, a separate section for each of these key procurements has been developed. The Draft and Final versions of the System Requirements document are intended to be living documents that reflect the evolving requirements for each of the specific procurements. This System Requirements Document along with the Concept of Operations document forms the basis for the development of the various sub-systems within the iFlorida system. KW - Data fusion KW - Deployment KW - Electronic data interchange KW - Information systems KW - Telecommunications UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13962.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/697503 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00972596 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ASSET MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES: DATA INTEGRATION: THE MICHIGAN EXPERIENCE PY - 2003 SP - 16 p. AB - In the early 1990s, the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) needed to move the organization from building to managing and operating the state's existing highway infrastructure. At the same time, the 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act provided the impetus for what was to become a comprehensive redesign of MDOT's business practices within an asset management framework, with data management a key requirement for the decision-making process. To support improved decision making, MDOT began its data integration effort by building the transportation management system (TMS). With TMS, the department migrated key planning, programming and project delivery data from the mainframe to a more user-friendly environment. The migration resulted in the fusion of approximately 20,000 files into five major databases. To integrate the legacy databases pertaining to transportation assets, MDOT abandoned all existing linear referencing systems and adopted a single, statewide, linear referencing system. TMS now provides the platform for consistent and collaborative decision support and resource allocation processes that support asset management. Not only has the new system met the day-to-day business needs of the department's system users and its partners, but it also has been the catalyst for changing the way MDOT is organized, how it is staffed and how it relates to its various constituents. Recent legislation requiring Michigan's transportation agencies to adopt asset management concepts assures further business process improvements and solidifies the role of data integration and TMS in moving MDOT and its partners forward. KW - Asset management KW - Business practices KW - Case studies KW - Data fusion KW - Databases KW - Decision making KW - Decision support systems KW - Information processing KW - Infrastructure KW - Linear referencing systems KW - Mainframe computers KW - Michigan KW - Michigan Department of Transportation KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Resource allocation KW - Transportation management systems KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/asstmgmt/dimi.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/697221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00972595 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ASSET MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES: ECONOMICS IN ASSET MANAGEMENT: THE NEW YORK EXPERIENCE PY - 2003 SP - 16 p. AB - This case study describes the New York State Department of Transportation's (NYSDOT) experience in using economic tradeoff analysis for transportation decision making. New York was among the first states to automate its highway information systems and to apply economic analysis in considering highway investments. Through the 1980s and 1990s, NYSDOT initiated management reforms that established clear lines of management responsibility, implemented goal-oriented programming, improved its management systems and integrated the agency's information systems. These efforts created a solid foundation for the implementation of a transportation asset management (TAM) system. NYSDOT has developed a prototype TAM Tradeoff Model that employs economic tradeoff analysis to compare the dollar value of customer benefits to investment costs among competing investment candidates. The model ranks the candidate projects by rate of return on investment. When it is fully operational, the model will assist NYSDOT at the program level in targeting agency resources more productively among its pavement, bridge, safety and mobility goal areas. NYSDOT continues to improve the prototype TAM Tradeoff Model as well as the separate management systems that feed data into it. The department is exploring ways to incorporate additional life-cycle costs and benefit data into the model equations and is taking steps to ensure that economic comparisons among projects use consistent values for benefit and cost elements. In May 2003, NYSDOT announced that it would formally implement a TAM program as the department's transportation infrastructure management strategy. Economic, engineering and mathematical analysis will constitute the core of this program. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Asset management KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Case studies KW - Decision making KW - Economic analysis KW - Infrastructure KW - Life cycle costing KW - Management information systems KW - New York (State) KW - New York State Department of Transportation KW - Return on investment KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/asstmgmt/diny.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/697220 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00971636 AU - McQuiddy, Brian AU - System Innovations, Incorporated AU - Arizona Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ARIZONA ROAD WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM (RWIS) COMMUNICATION PLAN PY - 2003 SP - 58 p. AB - This report provides a Communications Plan for Phase 2 of a Road Weather Information Systems (RWIS) project in Arizona. It addresses the basic communications problems that have been previously encountered, such as a lack of reliable communications links in rural areas, interoperability of the RWIS sites and communication infrastructure, and publication of the RWIS data to all interested personnel at the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT). This report describes both a statewide communications architecture and the roadside to central processing unite communications connectivity. The communications architecture will allow for the statewide integration of the RWIS equipment, as well as including Truck Escape Ramp monitoring systems, potential Rest Area monitoring, water level flood monitors, remote area weather stations, and connectivity with variable message signs (VMS). KW - Communication systems KW - Road weather information systems UR - http://apps.azdot.gov/ADOTLibrary/publications/project_reports/PDF/AZ525.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696870 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970564 AU - Skowronek, Douglas A AU - Ranft, S E AU - Cothron, A S AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DALLAS AREA GUIDANCE FOR HOV LANE IMPLEMENTATION PY - 2003 SP - 19 p. AB - This document provides guidance related to implementation of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes in the Dallas area. It is based on the results of a three-year research project sponsored by the Texas Department of Transportation to evaluate effectiveness of operating HOV lanes in the Dallas District. Comprehensive reports were prepared at the end of each year documenting the results of the study. HOV lanes are currently operating in four corridors in the Dallas area. They include a movable barrier facility on IH-30 (East R.L. Thornton Freeway), two buffer-separated facilities on IH-35E North (Stemmons Freeway) and IH-635 (LBJ Freeway), and a barrier-separated reversible facility on IH-35E South (South R.L. Thornton Freeway). In addition to evaluating the effectiveness through data collection and evaluation, the research attempted to determine the impacts of barrier-separated versus buffer-separated HOV lanes. Specific guidelines have not been proposed for the two general types of facilities as each corridor presents unique characteristics that require different treatments. Rather, this document identifies the issues to be considered in the major areas of design and operation. The following sections discuss these issues: (1) Stepwise Process for Implementing Dallas Area HOV Lanes; (2) Agencies and Groups Involved in Planning and Implementation; (3) Implementation Decision: Buffer-Separated versus Barrier-Separated; (4) Geometric Design Considerations; (5) Applicable Hours of Operation: Buffer-Separated versus Barrier-Separated; and (6) Applicable Enforcement Techniques: Buffer-Separated versus Barrier-Separated. KW - Barrier-separated HOV lanes KW - Buffer-separated HOV lanes KW - Dallas (Texas) KW - Geometric design KW - Guidelines KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Hours of operation KW - Implementation KW - Planning KW - Traffic law enforcement UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/7-4961-P1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696535 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970440 AU - Tang, T AU - O'Loughlin, B AU - Roberts, M AU - Dancausse, E AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL AIR QUALITY LEGISLATION AS RELATED TO FEDERALLY-ASSISTED HIGHWAY AND TRANSIT PROGRAMS PY - 2003 SP - 12 p. AB - This paper provides an overview of the U.S. Federal legislation in air quality as related to Federally assisted highway and transit program development. Covered in the discussion are the pre-1955 era, the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, the Clean Air Act of 1963, the Clean Air Act of 1970, the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, transportation conformity regulations, the 8-hour ozone and PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards, and the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program. KW - Air Pollution Control Act of 1955 KW - Air quality KW - Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 KW - Clean Air Act of 1963 KW - Clean Air Act of 1970 KW - Conformity KW - Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program KW - History KW - Legislation KW - National Ambient Air Quality Standards KW - Ozone KW - Particulates KW - Traffic congestion UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter/teams/airquality/laws.cfm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/696477 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970060 AU - Dailey, Daniel J AU - Cathey, Fredrick W AU - Washington State Transportation Center AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Washington State Transportation Commission. Planning and Capital Program Management AU - TransNow, Transportation Northwest AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AVL-EQUIPPED VEHICLES AS SPEED PROBES : (PHASE 2) PY - 2003 SP - vi, 33 p. AB - In this report, the authors document the second phase of a three-phase project what will create a robust set of virtual sensors for freeways and arterials. The first phase was a proof of principle that investigated the statistics of successfully using transit vehicles as traffic probes. In this phase, an optimal filter method is described for estimating acceleration, speed, and position as a function of space and time. In the third phase, a server will be used to place speed estimates from the transit probe virtual sensors into the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Region's operational traffic management system. KW - Advanced traffic management systems KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Buses KW - Probe vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic speed UR - http://depts.washington.edu/trac/bulkdisk/pdf/579.1.pdf UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/579.1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681265 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970099 AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WIDEN THE SHOULDERS OF U.S. HIGHWAY 395 FROM KP 85.0 (PM 52.8) TO KP 90.0 (PM 55.9) IN MONO COUNTY : ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT/DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PY - 2003 SP - xv, 142 p. AB - This report examines the potential environmental impacts of alternatives for a proposed project in Mono County, California to improve 5 kilometers of U.S. Highway 395 by widening the existing highway's shoulder to 2.4 meters throughout the project limits. . It describes why the project is being proposed, alternative methods for constructing the project, the existing environment that could be affected by the project, and potential impacts from each of the alternatives. The report first discusses the purpose and need for the project. This is followed by an examination of the three proposed alternative. The report next describes the probable impacts of the three alternatives, discussing the affected environment, environmental consequences, and mitigation. KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Mono Lake KW - Pavement widening KW - Road shoulders UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681333 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970071 AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Department of Transportation TI - A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF NINE TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT PROJECTS ON HURRICANE EVACUATION PREPAREDNESS : FINAL REPORT PY - 2003 SP - 37 p. AB - In May 2002, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) funded grants to nine southeastern states (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia) to improve transportation operations as part of their emergency management program for hurricanes evacuations. The purpose of this evaluation report is to draw some lessons learned from the activities pursued using the Federal grants that were received by the nine states. The primary purpose of this review is to gain insight into the areas that the states deem important for supporting hurricane evacuations by documenting what their traffic and emergency management officials are pursuing. The review also focuses on the Louisiana partnership with the U.S. Geological Survey to deploy Hydrowatch information stations that also monitor traffic. It is believed that this type of partnership might be a cost-effective approach for deploying traffic count stations at remote locations in many states KW - Emergency communication systems KW - Incident management KW - Weather UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13940_files/13940.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00970072 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES (MUTCD) PY - 2003 AB - This online version of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) defines the standards used by road managers nationwide to install and maintain traffic control devices on all streets and highways. The manual includes guidelines according to the following categories: signs, markings, highway traffic signals, traffic control devices for low-volume roads, temporary traffic control, traffic controls for schools areas, traffic controls for highway-rail grade crossings, traffic controls for bicycle facilities, traffic controls for highway-light rail transit grade crossings, as well as a section on congressional legislation. KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Standards KW - Traffic control devices KW - Traffic signals UR - http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/pdfs/2003/pdf-index.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681679 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969955 AU - Hicks, R G AU - Santucci, L AU - Aschenbrener, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTRODUCTION AND SEMINAR OBJECTIVES SN - 030909450X PY - 2003 SP - p. 3-20 AB - Moisture sensitivity in asphalt pavements is a national issue. This was demonstrated through a recent survey of state highway agencies throughout the United States. This national seminar is designed to address moisture-related distress in asphalt pavements through a series of focused papers followed by working breakout sessions. An introduction to the issues and the national seminar is given in this paper. The following items are covered: the extent of the problem, the purpose and scope of the national seminar; definition of moisture sensitivity in asphalt pavements; identification of moisture sensitivity problems; causes of moisture sensitivity problems; potential solutions to the problems; and expected deliverables for the seminar. In this paper, the stage is set for what is to occur over the ensuing two and a half days. U1 - Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Pavements - A National SeminarCalifornia Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board.San Diego, California StartDate:20030204 EndDate:20030206 Sponsors:California Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Conferences KW - Moisture damage KW - Moisture sensitivity KW - Pavement distress KW - Problem identification KW - Problem solving UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/moisture_seminar.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/689649 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969959 AU - D'ANGELO, J AU - Anderson, R M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MATERIAL PRODUCTION, MIX DESIGN, AND PAVEMENT DESIGN EFFECTS ON MOISTURE DAMAGE SN - 030909450X PY - 2003 SP - p. 187-201 AB - Moisture damage has caused many pavement failures throughout the United States. Moisture damage is loss of bond between the asphalt and aggregate or in some cases the loss of cohesive strength of the asphalt. Moisture damage can manifest itself through various failure mechanisms. These include rutting, fatigue cracking, raveling, and potholes. In Colorado, several sections of I-70 failed in just a few short months after placement. A moisture-damage-susceptible mix was placed with high air voids. It was subjected to high rains just before being covered with a plant mix seal and then opened to traffic. This created a section where the moisture was trapped in the high air void mix, covered with a seal that would not let the moisture escape, and then subjected to scour created by high traffic. The open intermediate layer quickly stripped, leaving uncoated aggregate covered by a thin plant mix seal, which quickly disintegrated. This type of failure costs precious dollars to repair, which are needed to improve and upgrade the infrastructure system. Researchers have been trying to define the causes for moisture damage since the first hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements were placed and began to fail. There are many causes of moisture damage. The intent of this paper is to discuss the effects of material production, mixture design, and pavement design on moisture damage. The basic characteristics of materials can change depending on how they are produced. For asphalts, there are many different refining processes, all of which will change its properties and can affect moisture damage. This is also true of the aggregate production process. How the aggregates are crushed and processed will change how they will react to asphalt and water. The mix design will also affect moisture damage. A coarse-graded mixture and a fine-graded mixture may react differently. Volumetric proportioning will affect compaction, which in turn will affect moisture damage. The relationship between mixture design and structural layers has an effect on moisture damage. Sealing an open layer between two dense layers is likely to trap water and cause moisture damage. U1 - Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Pavements - A National SeminarCalifornia Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board.San Diego, California StartDate:20030204 EndDate:20030206 Sponsors:California Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Adhesion KW - Aggregates KW - Air voids KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Cohesive strength KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Mix design KW - Moisture damage KW - Moisture susceptibility KW - Pavement cracking KW - Pavement design KW - Potholes (Pavements) KW - Production methods KW - Rain KW - Rutting KW - Stripping (Pavements) UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/moisture_seminar.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/689660 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969954 AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MOISTURE SENSITIVITY OF ASPHALT PAVEMENTS - A NATIONAL SEMINAR, FEBRUARY 4-6, 2003, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SN - 030909450X PY - 2003 SP - 368p AB - Moisture damage in asphalt pavements is a national concern. Correctly identifying the problem and isolating the contributing factors are equally challenging. The goals of this national seminar were twofold: technology transfer on the topic from leading experts and the start of a road map to solve this problem. The topics addressed include the following: identification of the problem--distinguishing between materials-induced and construction-related factors; fundamental concepts--binder and aggregate considerations and failure mechanisms; test methods--laboratory and field; remediation--additives and construction practices; field performance and case studies; specifications--shortcomings and need for improvements; and environmental and health issues. The papers included in this volume document the work accomplished during the national seminar. The objectives of the papers, and the breakout sessions that followed, were to identify best practices, gaps in knowledge, and research needs. More than 100 people participated in the seminar, and this document contains the proceedings of the meeting. In addition to the papers, summaries of the questions raised and answers given are included. U1 - Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Pavements - A National SeminarCalifornia Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board.San Diego, California StartDate:20030204 EndDate:20030206 Sponsors:California Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Additives KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Best practices KW - Bituminous binders KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Construction practices KW - Environmental impacts KW - Failure analysis KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Materials KW - Moisture damage KW - Moisture sensitivity KW - Pavement performance KW - Problem identification KW - Problem solving KW - Research KW - Road construction KW - Specifications KW - Technology transfer UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/moisture_seminar.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/689646 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969960 AU - St Martin, J AU - Cooley, L A AU - Hainin, H R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PRODUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION ISSUES FOR MOISTURE SENSITIVITY OF HOT-MIX ASPHALT PAVEMENTS SN - 030909450X PY - 2003 SP - p. 209-222 AB - Today we are demanding more from our pavements than ever before. As we continue our efforts to design and construct hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements that perform better and last longer, we must consider all of the factors involved in the ultimate performance of the pavement. Moisture-induced damage within HMA has been described as a national issue leading to the decreased life of our nation's roadways. As we consider the nature of materials and specifications across the country, it is important to understand the impact that both material production and construction can have on the ultimate performance of the HMA pavement in the field. During the design of most HMA mixtures, tests to evaluate the potential for moisture-induced damage are conducted. For most states in the United States, AASHTO T283, or a modified version, is used for this purpose. If a designed mix meets the requirements of this test, it is assumed that the mix will perform in the field with respect to resistance to moisture damage. However, if the designed mix is not produced and constructed properly, moisture damage can still occur as a result of construction deficiencies. There are a number of production- and construction-related issues that can affect the ability of an HMA pavement to resist moisture damage. Factors from the handling of stockpiles through placement and compaction of the HMA on the roadway can affect the potential for moisture damage in the field. In fact, mixes that are marginal with respect to resistance to moisture damage that are well constructed on the roadway may perform better than mixes with a low potential for moisture damage that are poorly constructed. Therefore, the proper production and construction of HMA pavements is vital to providing roadways that will perform up to and beyond their design lives. This objective of this paper is to highlight various production and construction issues that can increase the potential for moisture-induced damage in HMA pavements. Also, good production and construction practices are discussed to help decrease the potential for moisture damage in HMA pavements. U1 - Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Pavements - A National SeminarCalifornia Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board.San Diego, California StartDate:20030204 EndDate:20030206 Sponsors:California Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Best practices KW - Compaction KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Moisture damage KW - Moisture sensitivity KW - Pavement performance KW - Production KW - Road construction KW - Stockpiling UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/moisture_seminar.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/689663 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969957 AU - Solaimanian, M AU - Harvey, J AU - Tahmoressi, M AU - Tandon, Vivek AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TEST METHODS TO PREDICT MOISTURE SENSITIVITY OF HOT-MIX ASPHALT PAVEMENTS SN - 030909450X PY - 2003 SP - p. 77-110 AB - The work conducted through the years toward development of moisture damage tests is summarized in this paper. Moisture damage has been a major concern to asphalt technologists for many years. Attempts to develop laboratory tests to distinguish between good- and poor-performing mixes in regard to stripping date back to the 1920s. The tests for identifying the moisture damage potential of an asphalt-aggregate mixture can be classified into two major categories: those on loose mixtures and those on compacted mixtures. The static immersion and the boil test, both conducted on loose mixtures, were among the first tests introduced to the paving industry. This was followed by introduction of the immersion-compression test in the late 1940s. This test was conducted on compacted specimens and was the first test to become an ASTM standard in the mid-1950s. Research in the 1960s brought considerable awareness to asphalt pavement technologists of the significant effects of climate and traffic on moisture damage. The significance of these factors was emphasized through the work of researchers such as Johnson (1969), Schmidt and Graf (1972), Jiminez (1974), Lottman (1978), and Tunnicliff and Root (1982). The Superpave system, the product of the Strategic Highway Research Program which was completed in 1993, adopted the standard test method of AASHTO T283 as the required test for determination of the risk of moisture damage. Some agencies have reported problems with this test in terms of correlation between the laboratory results and field observations. Today, it remains a challenge to asphalt pavement technologists to develop a highly reliable and practical test procedure for determination of moisture damage. An important consideration in development and acceptance of a test procedure for moisture damage should be calibration of the test to the conditions for which it will be applied. Some tests have been calibrated and implemented on a local basis (a region within a state). No test has been successfully calibrated and implemented across a wide spectrum of conditions. Reasons for this have been lack of correlation with field performance, a lack of good field performance databases, and problems with the tests such as variability and difficulty of operation. U1 - Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Pavements - A National SeminarCalifornia Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board.San Diego, California StartDate:20030204 EndDate:20030206 Sponsors:California Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Calibration KW - History KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Laboratory tests KW - Moisture damage KW - Moisture sensitivity KW - Standards KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Test procedures UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/moisture_seminar.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/689655 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969963 AU - Hicks, R G AU - Leahy, R B AU - Cook, M AU - Moulthrop, J S AU - Button, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ROAD MAP FOR MITIGATING NATIONAL MOISTURE SENSITIVITY CONCERNS IN HOT-MIX PAVEMENTS SN - 030909450X PY - 2003 SP - p. 331-341 AB - One of the charges of the seminar on moisture sensitivity in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements was to develop an outline for a road map for addressing the national concern of moisture sensitivity. That road map is presented in this paper. Implementation of the findings, best practices, and research needs presented in the road map are expected to be discussed by various materials and research committees within the transportation community. There cannot be a road map to address the national issues related to moisture sensitivity in HMA pavements without a vision, a mission, goals, and associated work tasks. Members of the national seminar steering committee have developed the following descriptions for these items: Vision - Eliminate moisture sensitivity distresses in HMA pavements; Mission - Provide the necessary tools to practitioners that can be used to eliminate moisture sensitivity in HMA pavements; and Tasks - Identify the best practices, gaps in knowledge, and research needs to address moisture sensitivity in HMA pavements. U1 - Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Pavements - A National SeminarCalifornia Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board.San Diego, California StartDate:20030204 EndDate:20030206 Sponsors:California Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Best practices KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Implementation KW - Moisture damage KW - Moisture sensitivity KW - Pavement distress KW - Prevention KW - Research UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/moisture_seminar.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/689672 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969958 AU - Epps, J AU - Berger, E AU - Anagnos, J N AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TREATMENTS SN - 030909450X PY - 2003 SP - p. 117-177 AB - In the presence of water, asphalt-aggregate mixtures can experience a loss of bond between the asphalt binder and the aggregate (adhesion). In addition, the asphalt binder may experience changes in properties (strength, stiffness, viscosity, etc.) when water is present (cohesion). Loss of bond or changes in the properties of the asphalt binder, or both, can result in significant engineering property changes in hot-mix asphalt mixtures and premature distress in pavements. A number of premature pavement performance problems were experienced in the United States in the middle and late 1970s and into the 1980s. This distress resulted in significant expenditures for rehabilitation and maintenance. Raveling, rutting, alligator cracking, bleeding, longitudinal cracking, and transverse cracking were some of the forms of pavement distress experienced during that period. Rutting was a relatively common form of premature distress during this period. The relatively large number of pavements experiencing some form of premature distress was in part responsible for the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) and the resulting Superpave binder specification and mixture design method. This paper examines the variety of treatments that are available to improve the water sensitivity of hot-mix asphalt. These treatments are grouped into those that are added or applied to the asphalt binder and those that are applied to the aggregate. Chemicals incorporated into the asphalt binder are sold under a variety of brand names and are generally referred to as liquid antistrip agents. Treatments added to the aggregates include hydrated lime, portland cement, fly ash, flue dust, and polymers. Currently, liquid antistrip agents and hydrated lime are the most common types of antistrip agents used in the United States. The information contained in this report illustrates the behavior of these two types of antistrip agents on asphalt binder properties as well as on hot-mix asphalt mixtures. U1 - Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Pavements - A National SeminarCalifornia Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board.San Diego, California StartDate:20030204 EndDate:20030206 Sponsors:California Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Adhesion KW - Aggregates KW - Alligator cracking KW - Antistrip additives KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Bituminous binders KW - Bleeding (Pavements) KW - Calcium hydroxide KW - Cohesion KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Longitudinal cracking KW - Moisture damage KW - Moisture sensitivity KW - Pavement distress KW - Rutting KW - Stripping (Pavements) KW - Transverse cracking UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/moisture_seminar.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/689657 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969961 AU - Epps Martin, A AU - Rand, D AU - Weitzel, D AU - Tedford, D AU - Sebaaly, P AU - Lane, L AU - Bressette, T AU - Maupin, G W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FIELD EXPERIENCES SN - 030909450X PY - 2003 SP - p. 229-255 AB - Field performance is the ultimate test of laboratory performance prediction methods for identifying moisture sensitive asphalt concrete mixtures and the effects of antistripping agents. This paper presents the field experiences of four states (California, Nevada, Texas, and Virginia) in regard to their history of problems with moisture sensitive mixtures, solutions to these problems, performance prediction and forensic tools used to identify these mixtures, and specifications used to control moisture sensitivity. These four states are actively involved in research on this topic, and the solutions, tools, and specifications for each state are based on their research results, which are also described. U1 - Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Pavements - A National SeminarCalifornia Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board.San Diego, California StartDate:20030204 EndDate:20030206 Sponsors:California Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Antistrip additives KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt pavements KW - California KW - Field studies KW - Moisture damage KW - Moisture sensitivity KW - Nevada KW - Pavement performance KW - Research KW - Specifications KW - Texas KW - Virginia UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/moisture_seminar.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/689666 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969962 AU - Moulthrop, J S AU - Button, J W AU - Hejl, F D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTATION AND STRATEGIC PLAN SN - 030909450X PY - 2003 SP - p. 265-275 AB - Moisture sensitivity of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) paving mixtures is one of the leading pavement performance-related issues facing highway agencies. Most agree that the current test protocols for identifying moisture sensitive mixtures do not accurately predict actual field performance. It appears desirable to assemble a group of knowledgeable and experienced personnel from highway agencies, academia, and industry, and to conduct a workshop to develop a strategic plan to address this issue. Clearly, one of the most important aspects of any study or effort is disseminating the results to practitioners. The objective of this seminar is no different. A number of different agencies will be represented at the seminar, and the goals of disseminating the findings are to (1) Emerge from the meeting with an understanding of the best practices for identifying moisture sensitive asphalt mixtures currently being used in the United States; (2) Understand the barriers that exist in eliminating the moisture damage problem; (3) Identify relevant research needs so that knowledge gaps can be studied and conquered; and (4) Develop a strategic plan for administering the required research and implementing the findings. U1 - Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Pavements - A National SeminarCalifornia Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board.San Diego, California StartDate:20030204 EndDate:20030206 Sponsors:California Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Best practices KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Implementation KW - Implementation barriers KW - Information dissemination KW - Moisture damage KW - Moisture sensitivity KW - Research KW - Strategic planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/moisture_seminar.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/689669 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969956 AU - Little, D N AU - Jones, D R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL PROCESSES OF MOISTURE DAMAGE IN HOT-MIX ASPHALT PAVEMENTS SN - 030909450X PY - 2003 SP - p. 37-70 AB - Historically, six contributing mechanisms to moisture damage have been identified: detachment, displacement, spontaneous emulsification, pore pressure-induced damage, hydraulic scour, and the effects of the environment on the aggregate-asphalt system. However, it is apparent that moisture damage is usually not limited to one mechanism but is the result of a combination of processes. It has become necessary to seek a more fundamental understanding of the moisture damage process by carefully considering the micromechanisms that influence the adhesive interface between aggregate and asphalt and the cohesive strength and durability of the mastic. Factors that influence the adhesive bonds in asphalt mixtures and the cohesive strength of the mastic in the presence of water are presented and discussed as a fundamental approach to calculating adhesive bond strength in asphalt mixtures in the presence of water on the basis of surface free energy measurements. The adhesive bond that determines the durability of asphalt mixtures in the presence of water is described in this paper to be based on a nonuniform distribution of charges in the asphalt and on the aggregate surface. The polar compounds in the asphalt that react with the aggregate polar sites determine the strength and durability of the adhesive bond. Several processes are presented that affect this bond. The effect of aggregate mineralogy, surface properties, and the pH at the water-aggregate interface is discussed. U1 - Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Pavements - A National SeminarCalifornia Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board.San Diego, California StartDate:20030204 EndDate:20030206 Sponsors:California Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration; National Asphalt Pavement Association; California Asphalt Pavement Alliance; and Transportation Research Board. KW - Adhesion KW - Adhesive strength KW - Aggregates KW - Asphalt KW - Asphalt mixtures KW - Asphalt pavements KW - Cohesive strength KW - Durability KW - Hot mix asphalt KW - Interfaces KW - Mineralogy KW - Moisture damage KW - Moisture sensitivity KW - pH value KW - Surface phenomena UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/reports/moisture_seminar.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/689652 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969894 AU - Johnson, Andrew M. AU - Moffatt, A AU - Slattery, E AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis AU - Minnesota Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EROSION CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR LOCAL ROADS PY - 2003 SP - 122 p. AB - This manual, intended for counties, townships and local units of government, provides guidelines and methods for effective erosion control practices on low volume roads. Local agencies are required to develop erosion control plans and abide by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements. Detailed information is provided to guide the user through both Phase I and II of the NPDES permit process, and help is given for dealing with local watershed districts and other agencies. This manual provides guidance for maintenance activities, and case studies outlining best management practices. KW - Best practices KW - Case studies KW - Erosion control KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Local government KW - Low volume roads KW - Maintenance practices KW - Manuals KW - National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System KW - Permits KW - Watersheds UR - http://www.lrrb.org/pdf/200308.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680999 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969129 AU - Gesing, C G AU - Baker, M AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A CONTEXT SENSITIVE APPROACH TO HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT IN COASTAL LOUISIANA PY - 2003 SP - 11p AB - The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LADOTD), in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration-Louisiana Division (FHWA-LA), proposed to construct a four-lane fully controlled access elevated highway on new location with bridges spanning navigable waterways. Identified as the LA 1 Improvements Project, the proposed facility would be approximately 17-miles in length, generally parallel Louisiana Highway 1 (LA 1) and would extend from Louisiana Highway 3235 (LA 3235) west of Golden Meadow to Louisiana Highway 3090 (LA 3090) at its intersection with LA 1, north of Port Fourchon. The project traverses some of most ecologically unique and sensitive areas in Louisiana, and perhaps the nation. The success of the project's location and environmental studies and environmental impact statement (EIS) is attributed to LADOTD's and FHWA-LA's environmental stewardship, cooperative partnering with federal and state resource agencies, and the context sensitive approach employed and environmental commitments made to reach a consensus on a selected alignment that best balanced the project needs with the overall impacts. The project has received national attention as a "landmark effort in environmental streamlining" and a model by which other projects should be developed. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Bridges KW - Control KW - Cooperatives KW - Ecology KW - Elevated structures KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Four lane highways KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Louisiana KW - Navigation UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Stewardship.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688385 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969135 AU - WOOD, B AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROJECTS THAT REQUIRE ESA SECTION 7 REVEIW THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PROGRAMMATIC CONSULTATION PY - 2003 SP - 4p AB - The 1999 listing of Puget Sound (PS) chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Washington State was the first time a listing of a threatened or endangered species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended, affected a metropolitan area. Since that time, transportation officials, as well as other entities, have had to retool their processes for environmental permit acquisition because of the addition level of review requirements specified under ESA. The initial short-term solution for both action and regulatory agencies was to hire more staff. However, despite the additional staff at Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA Fisheries), project review for ESA consultations under Section 7 remains a very complicated, and thus prolonged process. Therefore, in 1999, WSDOT submitted a programmatic biological assessment (PBA) for a full programmatic consultation with NOAA Fisheries. The objective of the PBA was to reduce the number of routine transportation projects that require an individual biological assessment (BA) to be written by the action agency and then reviewed by NOAA Fisheries. WSDOT and NOAA Fisheries have developed a defined set of specific standard conditions and conservation measures. The PBA covering nine transportation programs conducted within the Washington State was completed in 2002. The completion of the PBA consultation provides WSDOT certainty when designing transportation infrastructure, while fulfilling their requirements under ESA. Standard conditions and conservation measures included in the PBA consultation provide a relatively simple approach that, when followed, will result in a transportation project that can be constructed in a timely manner, and in many cases improve the baseline environment for ESA listed and candidate salmonid species. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Conservation KW - Development KW - Endangered species KW - Environmental impacts KW - Infrastructure KW - Project management KW - Puget Sound Region KW - Regulations KW - Salmon KW - Threats KW - Transportation planning KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688400 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969136 AU - Singh, A AU - Ramdahin, D AU - Topielski, B AU - Raman, R AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADDRESSING "BEHIND THE SCENES" ECOLOGICAL CONCERNS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF AN URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM- A NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT PERSPECTIVE ON SUSTAINABILITY PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - In 1999, The New York City Transit's (NYCT) Department of Capital Program Management achieved ISO14001 certification- Environmental Management Systems. Today, sustainable design is an integral part of all design, construction, procurement and operations and maintenance activities in the state. This paper outlines NYC Transit's adoption of sustainable business practices, which exposed significant opportunities to reduce the impact to ecologies. These practices encompass high-performance building designs, renewable energy applications, conservation of energy, water and natural resources, waste reduction, recycling and reuse, environmentally responsible procurement and total life cycle analysis. A cause-and-effect benefit is then demonstrated for many of these sustainable practices encompassing both local and geographically distant ecologies. Some examples include the inadvertent procurement of Azobe (an unsustainably over-harvested tropical hardwood from Africa) used as rail ties in the design and construction of rail tracks; the demand for large quantities of energy to move rolling stocks, contributing to toxic emissions fallout from regional power plants; the contribution to poor ambient air quality as a result of non-regulated off-road diesel equipment emission from construction sites. In recognition of the need to reduce our ecological footprint, NYCT took upon itself a proactive role to establish a rigorous environmental management program and to identify, control and reduce those activities that lead up to "behind the scene" ecological impacts. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Capital investments KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Ecology KW - Energy KW - Environmental impacts KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Natural resources KW - New York (New York) KW - Public transit KW - Sustainable development KW - Urban transportation KW - Waste disposal facilities KW - Water UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03SustainableSystems.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688402 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969149 AU - Wicks, J AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN INNOVATIVE AND ELEGANTLY SIMPLE WAY TO DO SOMETHING FOR BLUEBIRDS (AND TAKE LITTLE TIME AWAY FROM TRANSPORTATION MAINTENANCE DUTIES) PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - Bluebird boxes were attached to the back of small road signs and are maintained by the maintenance sign crew with minimal time away from their primary duties. Because locations were chosen where bluebirds had already been seen, success has been 100%, since the project started in 2001. In 2002, 120 bluebirds were fledged and approximately 120 tree swallows as well. So far in 2003 there have been 30 pair of nesting bluebirds. The paper describes how there have been more problems this year with English sparrows killing bluebird chicks. Last year two boxes suffered from raccoon predation but that has not been repeated since the sign poles were greased. Costs were for materials only, boxes were built by the winter night crews when they were not plowing. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Birds KW - Blue KW - Boxes KW - Highway maintenance KW - Innovation KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Sign supports KW - Trees UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688436 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969143 AU - Papin, M E AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A COOPERATIVE APPROACH TO REDUCE TURTLE MORTALITY ON NYS ROUTE 21 PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - The objective of this project is to reduce turtle mortality on the identified area of Route 21 using a two-component strategy including: (1) construction of an area suitable for turtle nesting on the side of Route 21 where the turtle crossings originate and (2) construction a physical barrier approximately 1400 feet in length to funnel turtles to four existing culverts. In 2000, Region 4 of the NYS Department of Transportation (DOT) received citizen complaints regarding the high rate of turtle mortality along NYS Route 21 in Woodville, NY, at the south end of Canandaigua Lake. A partnership including DOT Regions 4 and 6, the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and Finger Lakes Community College (FLCC) was developed to identify areas of concentrated road kill of reptiles and amphibians along state routes in the vicinity of the High Tor State Wildlife Management Area. Observations made in 2000 and 2001 identified a concentrated area of turtle crossing on Rte. 21 in Woodville. It was determined that this high concentration crossing was likely because the turtles searching for adequate nesting sites. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal behavior KW - Animals KW - Conservation KW - Culverts KW - Fatalities KW - Management KW - New York (State) KW - Wildlife UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688421 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969144 AU - Johnson, S W AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DETERMINING CRITERIA TO EVALUATE MITIGATION MEASURES TO REDUCE WILDLIFE-VEHICLE COLLISIONS: TETON COUNTY, WYOMING PY - 2003 SP - 2p AB - Animal-vehicle crashes are a serious threat to health and human safety in many areas of the United States. Just in Teton County, Wyoming alone, there were 1,970 known vehicle crashes with deer, elk, and moose between 1990 and 2001. While various mitigation measures are available to reduce animal-vehicle crashes, there are no definitive criteria that have been utilized to evaluate the many options available to experts of both transportation and wildlife. Some criteria that should be used are obvious, such as if the particular mitigation measure is actually effective at reducing animal-vehicle crashes. However, if effectiveness is an obvious concern, why is the ineffective leaping deer sign the most popular technique still being used in an attempt to reduce animal-vehicle crashes? There are obviously other considerations to be made when agencies are choosing among the many techniques and policies that are available to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal migrations KW - Animals KW - Crash injuries KW - Crash reports KW - Crashes KW - Road kill KW - Statistical analysis KW - Vehicles KW - Wildlife KW - Wyoming UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688423 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969126 AU - Arce-Ruiz, R M AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AUDITING AND CONTROL PROGRAMS: PUTTING EIA RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS PREVENTION IN PRACTICE PY - 2003 SP - 12p AB - If the EIA process is examined in different countries, it seems that through the administrative process, it is linked to a previous phase of projects. This previous stage is, in fact, one in which the project can be publicly discussed and the decisions about location, design, etc., are made, and one in which the preventive focus of the EIA can be applied. In consequence, the EIA process looks as if it were linked to the pre-construction period, although, in fact, it must be a cyclic process, with some control instruments to guarantee the performance of mitigation measures and auditing effect forecasts. However, of central interest in determining the effectiveness of the EIA is the extent to which the environment is managed and protected as a result of the whole EIA process. Environmental auditing is an important tool for providing an account of construction and post-development (EIA) activities. In this paper, the experience in auditing programs of projects and construction of highway projects in Spain, in the last ten years is described, concluding with the importance of auditing programs to guarantee the success of the EIA process, and establishing the basis of its contents, structure and implementation, particularly in the field of ecological impacts. The paper discusses the content and structure of auditing programs, the agents involved in the process, and the responsibilities of each one looking at the experience in Spain. This analysis permits and identifies the frequent practice in preventive, corrective and compensatory measures in the highway projects in Spain. This paper reflects, in part, the conclusions derived of a research project financed, during 2002, by the Centro de Estudios y Experimentacin de Obras Pblicas (CEDEX, Research Centre of Public Works) of the Spanish Ministry of Public Works (Ministerio de Fomento), through the analysis of more than 40 highway projects developed in the last ten years in Spain, most of them already constructed. Moreover, it reflects, also, the results of the works related with the Quality Verification of Environmental Annexes made by the authors for ESTEYCO, technical assistance during several years of the Spanish Ministry of Public Works for the Quality of Projects Assurance Plan. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal migrations KW - Auditing KW - Construction KW - Control systems KW - Development KW - Ecology KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Permits KW - Spain KW - Structures UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Stewardship.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688377 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969139 AU - Switalski, T Adam AU - Bissonette, J A AU - DeLuca, T H AU - Luce, C H AU - Madej, M A AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - WILDLAND ROAD REMOVAL: RESEARCH NEEDS PY - 2003 SP - 4p AB - Wildland road removal is a common practice across the U.S. and in some parts of Canada. The main types of road removal include ripping, stream crossing restoration, and full recontour. Road removal creates a short-term disturbance that may temporarily increase sediment loss. However, research and long-term monitoring has shown that road removal both reduces erosion rates and the risk of road-induced landslides. Research is needed to determine whether road removal is effective at restoring ecosystem processes and wildlife habitat. This paper proposes several research questions and the types of studies needed to further road removal efforts. With greater understanding of the impacts of road removal, land managers can more effectively prioritize which roads to leave open and which roads to consider for future road removal projects. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Canada KW - Contours KW - Future KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Land use KW - Landslides KW - Research KW - Restoration ecology KW - Roads KW - Streams KW - Wilderness areas KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03SustainableSystems.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688410 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969151 AU - Howard, P AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ADIRONDACK PARK PROJECTS PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - This paper describes how the mission of the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) has expanded as it relates to transportation within the Adirondack Park. The Department has long recognized the unique character of the Adirondack Park and the role the transportation system plays not only in providing access, but also in determining the lasting visual experience for the Park visitor. The Travel Corridors in a very real way establish and verify the sense of the Park. The statement above appears on the poster entitled New York State Department of Transportation Adirondack Park Projects, which includes a map of the Adirondacks and photos with location descriptions of twelve NYSDOT projects. The poster was originally developed to showcase these unique projects at the Grand Opening of the High Peaks Welcome Centers on the Adirondack Northway (I-87), and has since been on display at the centers. Using federal (ISTEA and TEA 21) funds as well as state dedicated transportation funds, these projects were initiated, designed and constructed out of the three NYSDOT regions covering the Adirondack Park. The projects are a representative sample of NYSDOT projects in the Adirondack Park that are sensitive to the unique resources of the Park and incorporate special aesthetic, cultural and environmental treatments to blend in with and enhance these resources. They include: (1) rehabilitation of an Historic Stone Arch Bridge over the Ausable River; (2) bridge Replacement using Native Stone and Brick Treatments in Willsboro, NY; (3) reconstruction of the Adirondack Scenic Railroad; (4) opening of a Scenic Vista to Roaring Brook Falls along Route 73; (5) construction of two High Peaks Welcome Centers on the Adirondack Northway (I-87); (6) construction of a Canoe Launch and Public Access Site at Loon Lake; (7) bridge replacement using Textured Formliners and Rustic Bridge Rail in Newcomb, NY; (8) development of an Interpretive Kiosk in Nobleboro, NY; (9) development of a Commemorative Monument in Old Forge, NY; (10) reconstruction of Route 3 incorporating Terraced Rock Cuts and Native Plantings; (11) rehabilitation of the Saranac Lake Rail Station; and (12) construction of the Saranac Lake Recreational Path along the Adirondack Railroad. All of the projects involved extensive coordination and partnerships with involved agencies including the Adirondack Park Agency; the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation; the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; the NYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation; local municipalities; environmental interest groups and the general public. This project is submitted relative to two important themes of the ICOET Conference: "Understanding the Ecosystem and Transportation System Connection" and "Establishing Strong Partnerships." U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Bridges KW - Construction KW - Corridors KW - Environmental impacts KW - Historic preservation KW - Information display systems KW - Information technology KW - National parks KW - Native plants KW - New York (State) KW - Partnerships KW - Reconstruction KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688441 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969130 AU - Williams, K AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP IN NYSDOT HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE PY - 2003 SP - 5p AB - The New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) operates and maintains approximately 16,500 miles of highway that occupies approximately 1 percent of the state's land area. Because of to the tendency of the highway system to follow streams, coastlines and other natural landscape features, this 1% of land is located within, over and adjacent to many very sensitive and important environmental areas. Considering that NYSDOT, like most transportation departments, is now shifting its efforts more and more towards improving, operating and maintaining the existing transportation infrastructure, as opposed to building large-scale new alignment projects, the role of incorporating environmental improvements into maintenance and operational programs is increasing in importance. The project objective was to proactively reach out to internal and external partners to identify priorities and develop multi-agency strategies and projects that improve environmental conditions along NYSDOT's rights-of-way and roadsides. The approach required thorough internal teamwork involving many regional groups and external partnering with resource agencies and environmental organizations in order identify, develop and coordinate prioritized environmental stewardship projects. These "best practices" are then implemented during highway maintenance activities. NYSDOT has 11 regional offices with each region having a Landscape Architecture/Environmental Services unit located within the Regional Design Group. Although, located within the Design Group, these Units provide environmental services to all regional groups - including maintenance. In addition, in 2001, a senior environmental specialist (a.k.a. maintenance environmental coordinator or MEC) was assigned to each regional maintenance group to supplement existing programs by dedicating full-time effort coordinating environmental issues in the maintenance group. One aspect of this effort has been a focus on incorporating environmental right-of-way and roadside "Best Practices" into regional maintenance programs. Critical elements of this strategy include fostering internal teamwork within the region and developing partnerships with external groups. By using internal knowledge and resources and external expertise and assistance, the Department's organizational strengths can be efficiently and effectively managed to expand right-of-way roadside environmental stewardship programs. Examples of 2002 "best practices" to be discussed include: (1) control methods for invasive plants; (2) installation of water level control structures at chronic nuisance beaver locations; (3) installation of water quality improvement structures near drinking water supplies; (4) turtle mortality abatement efforts; (5) alternative mowing strategies to enhance grassland songbird nesting habitat; (6) establishment of living snow fences; (7) osprey nesting enhancements; (8) methods to reduce deer vehicle collisions; (9) migratory bird protection on bridges; (10) herbicide education programs; and (11) small petroleum spill abatement measures. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Best practices KW - Coastal engineering KW - Environment KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highways KW - Land use planning KW - New York (State) KW - Partnerships KW - Regional development KW - Roadside improvement KW - Transportation operations UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Stewardship.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688388 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969133 AU - Harris, L K AU - PEARSON, B AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PROCESS AND PLANNING ENHANCEMENTS: ROADWAY DESIGN WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN MIND: A NEW PROCESS FOR PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - Pima County, Arizona (area 9,184 miles(2); population 843,746) initiated a paradigm shift in the transportation design and construction process. This was in response to an emerging community awareness of the potential conflict between preserving environmentally sensitive areas, and the need for infrastructure improvements involving transportation design and construction. This presentation describes the evolution of developing an environmentally sensitive roadway design process, and serves as a guide for other communities facing similar conflicts. Over 24 months, Pima County assembled an eight-member expert panel of traffic engineers, cultural resource specialists, landscape architects, and wildlife biologists. The panel was tasked with bridging the gap between the community's environmental concerns and the need for improved infrastructure. Specifically, the panel was to design county guidelines for new roadway design and improvement of existing roadways in environmentally sensitive areas. Pima County provides a home for many special status species, including ten that are threatened or endangered, and therefore federally protected. The county also has a rich prehistory, extending back 3000 years, which included large farming communities with well-developed artistic cultures and traditions. The varied topography of the county lends to scenic views of mountain vistas and wide valleys that offer high aesthetic values. The present-day population is growing rapidly, and many public works projects, including roadways, are being implemented to alleviate growth-associated problems. Conflicts have arisen from the community's desire to preserve its natural and cultural resources, while improving transportation infrastructure. In general, road building is associated with negative effects on the environment. Partly, this is because the conventional roadway design process emphasizes traffic elements. Attempts to mitigate roadway impacts on natural and cultural elements of the environment are implemented after the design phase has been largely completed, and this inevitably hampers their scope and extent. The paper explored another framework for roadway design, in which the biological and cultural elements are integrated into the design process from the earliest stages of the project. This approach appears particularly relevant in areas that are habitat for special status species, contain important cultural resources, or are environmentally sensitive for other reasons. It is anticipated that a consensus would be hard to reach given the different viewpoints of the task force members. However, it was quickly apparent that common ground existed on which a new process could be developed, because all task force members highly valued local biological and cultural resources. The panel formulated a series of recommendations. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Arizona KW - Biological control KW - Design KW - Endangered species KW - Environmental impacts KW - Landscape architecture KW - Mountains KW - Planning and design KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation planning KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Stewardship.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688395 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969140 AU - Oles, H AU - Falge, J AU - Frantz, E AU - Spada, D AU - Kogut, K AU - Maloney, S AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ADIRONDACK PARK GIS INTERACTIVE NON-NATIVE INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES PROJECT PY - 2003 SP - 2p AB - This project demonstrates the interactive geographic information system (GIS) database that has been developed by this group to collect, store and disseminate invasive plant species location and associated attribute information. This environmental core research group has initiated a multi-year strategic plan to monitor and control the spread of non-native invasive plant species in the Adirondack Park. The spread of invasive non-native plant species is one of the greatest threats to our natural plant communities throughout the United States. Increasingly, we are seeing aggressive non-native plants taking the place of many of our native plants. Transportation systems have often contributed inadvertently to the spread of these plant species by way of construction and maintenance activities and through the conduits of their interconnected nature. Thus, the spread of invasive non-native plant species by way of our transportation systems has put the ecological balance of our native plant communities at risk. The Adirondack Park, the largest public and private land reserve in the eastern United States, serves as an important ecological and recreational resource for our country. Until recently, the Adirondack Park has been relatively free from the degree of invasion by non-native plants found in other parts of the country. Currently non-native plant species, such as Purple Loosestrife, Common Reed, Japanese Knotweed, are primarily concentrated along transportation corridors, spreading by way of highway-related use and projects. Without efforts to control problem species, the future of many of the natural plant communities, many of which are unique only to the Adirondack Park, will be in jeopardy. For these reasons the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) has joined with The Nature Conservancy, Adirondack Park Agency, Adirondack Student Conservation Association of AmeriCorps, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, and local volunteers to inventory and monitor invasive plant species in an effort to develop a management plan with a GIS database to test control methods to develop a best management practices guide for NYSDOT and the public related to this problem. At working group meetings, this team has identified and prioritized problem species of which require immediate control. The combined efforts of many Agencies and concerned citizens will serve as a front runner to address the influence transportation has on the issue of invasive species and help to maintain the ecological integrity within the Adirondack Park. Further this project will provide valuable information to assist with educational outreach efforts to the public of this problem both within and outside the Adirondack Park. This project is an on going effort that was awarded a Federal Highway Administration 2001 Award for Environmental Excellence in vegetation management. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Best practices KW - Ecology KW - Environmental impacts KW - Geographic information systems KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Highways KW - Management KW - Native plants KW - Natural resources KW - New York (State) KW - Plant location KW - Plants KW - Recreation KW - Risk analysis KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688413 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969147 AU - Bigler, B AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GROWTH MANAGEMENT IN WASHINGTON STATE: TRANSPORTATION CONCURRENCY, INDUCED GROWTH, AND ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT INDIRECT EFFECTS PY - 2003 SP - 5p AB - Few would dispute that highway projects in the United States have had impacts on land use and local growth. Beginning in the 1950's, the spreading interstate roadway system abruptly increased access to land and communities that had been relatively untouched by development. As transportation infrastructure has reached maturity, current projects are usually small improvements to existing roads, and the influence of transportation projects on local growth has become much less obvious. In 1990, the state of Washington became the seventh state to adopt a Growth Management Act (GMA) as a prescription for controlling growth by affecting density, zoning, mixed uses, and development timing. Since enaction, GMA has accommodated growth rationally by emphasizing the compaction of residential and commercial development within Urban Growth Areas separated by areas zoned for limited development. The Maltby, Washington, UGA is typical of this GMA product. Facing increased congestion and public safety issues, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) recently developed plans to expand the capacity and two rural intersections of State Route 522, which transects the Maltby UGA. The GMA directs that state and local agencies develop transportation systems that complement land-use goals, and the question arose of whether the project would induce growth beyond that planned under GMA. If the project induces growth beyond that already planned, agencies are responsible to offset the potential for these indirect project effects to sensitive habitat and species. In order to assess indirect effects, an analysis must quantify the proportion of future (anticipated) development that is a result of the specific roadway improvement beyond what is already planned, or that is ascribable to the individual roadway section. WSDOT and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted an exhaustive search of local planning commission files, interviews with relevant stakeholders, and information available through geographic information system (GIS) databases to address the proportion of local growth attributable to the SR 522 project. The analysis provided estimates of future changes in Total Impervious Area and other environmental impacts based on GMA-based projections, but was not able to assign a percentage of these impacts to the current expansion project. Federal agencies concluded that the current project would not individually affect sensitive species and habitat. Long-term actions such as the gradual change from rural to urban land use patterns in Washington and other Growth Management states may incrementally degrade the environment of species sensitive to minor changes, but it is not possible to assign a percentage of that growth to an individual project or a project that upgrades an existing roadway. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Endangered species KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Management KW - Project management KW - Sustainable development KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban growth KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688431 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969150 AU - Ray, J AU - Kays, R AU - LaPoint, S AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVESTIGATING WILDLIFE USE OF UNDERPASSES UNDER I-87: SCIENCE AND THE PERILS OF PUBLICITY PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - The issue of connectivity in road landscapes is a controversial one. Conservationists argue for significant expenditures on wildlife-friendly highway designs, while opponents fight against such spending. A recent study evaluating wildlife use of underpasses in the Adirondack region of New York ran headlong into this controversy, inadvertently fueling a debate about the general efficacy of wildlife underpasses through misleading coverage of research results in the popular press. This poster will detail the road traveled by this project: from conception through implementation, to the publicizing of results and the subsequent media fallout, and will conclude with the steps taken to clarify the study conclusions and lessons learned about publicizing science that is of public and political interest. Because the proposed construction of the "Rooftop Highway" between Interstates 81 and 87 could effectively complete the isolation of the 24,000km(2) Adirondack Park, measures to mitigate negative impacts on wildlife are a priority in the region. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the New York State Museum (NYSM) recently partnered on a small research project investigating the extent to which underpasses and culverts constructed under a nearby Adirondack highway (I-87) were utilized by wildlife. Although these structures were not explicitly designed for wildlife, they might still function as animal passageways. Interviews with the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) and other agency personnel strongly encouraged implementation of a study of this nature to help inform the design of new wildlife crossings. During a six-week period in spring 2002, 19 culverts and underpasses of various types were monitored along a 141-km stretch of I-87 using camera traps and supplemental footprint tracking. The results of this study, published in the spring of 2003 in the Adirondack Journal of Environmental Studies, made it clear that culverts along I-87 benefited humans, but were rarely utilized by wildlife, pointing to the low conservation value of unplanned culverts for large Adirondack wildlife. A secondary message was that wildlife passages under future roads and highways should be designed to curb human use of such passages. A draft press release by the authors accurately summarizing the study results was unintentionally distorted in institutional press releases from WCS and NYSM media offices. Local newspapers that picked up the story generally interviewed the authors and offered accurate coverage that focused on the costs and benefits of the proposed "Rooftop Highway." This perspective was lost, however, in small pieces printed in the Washington Post and the New York Times. These stories distorted the study's findings that almost no animals used the small I-87 culverts, by incorrectly claiming that wildlife underpasses universally do not work for wildlife. The lack of interviews for these national stories further deprived the authors of an opportunity to clarify this point. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Conservation KW - Culverts KW - Environmental impacts KW - Future KW - Highway design KW - Landscape design KW - New York (State) KW - Publicity KW - Scientists KW - Underpasses KW - Wildlife UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688438 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969127 AU - Quan, J AU - Teachout, E AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BALANCING THE NEEDS OF TRANSPORTATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: SUCCESSES AND ON-GOING CHALLENGES FOR THE TRANSPORTATION LIAISON PROGRAM AT THE USFWS IN WASHINGTON STATE PY - 2003 SP - 3p AB - In Washington State, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is one of several states and federal agencies participating in the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Liaison Program. Through this program, WSDOT provides funding to support staffs that are dedicated to working on transportation projects. In Washington, the USFWS currently has three liaison positions. These positions are staffed by fish and wildlife biologists, who represent the interests of the USFWS, and work to meet both the environmental and transportation needs. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Environment KW - Needs assessment KW - Personnel KW - Strategic planning KW - Supporting KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation KW - Washington (State) UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Stewardship.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688380 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969128 AU - McColl, J E AU - Daly, D AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BLUE BALL PROPERTIES - INITIATING RESPONSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP PY - 2003 SP - 11p AB - The Blue Ball Properties Area Transportation Improvement Project encompasses roadway and associated transit improvements surrounding the expansion of the AstraZeneca Headquarters at the U.S. 202 (Concord Pike) and Delaware Route 141 near Wilmington, Delaware. Delaware secured 232 acres bordering the Zeneca site, known as the Blue Ball Properties and offered to provide land for the company's expansion, as well as transportation, recreation, and other improvements that would benefit both AstraZeneca employees as well as the local community. Leaders from the Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT), the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC), and the Delaware Economic Development Office (DEDO) became equal partners with the community in developing a master plan for the Blue Ball Properties. Project development included preparation of an environmental assessment (EA) document under NEPA, and identification of sensitive historic, cultural and natural resource areas. The project development process underwent a comprehensive minimization and avoidance evaluation to reduce impacts to natural and cultural resources on the project site and incorporated a proactive, environmental stewardship approach to mitigate for the impacts. A comprehensive mitigation package was developed for the project, including extensive stream restoration and wetland replacement initiatives. Agency coordination and frequent agency meetings were held to discuss and enhance the proposed package. The project incurred approximately 500 linear feet of encroachment at various crossing areas of Alapocas Run. Through coordination with the resource agencies, approximately 800 linear feet of incised and eroding channels was restored by raising the channel bed to its historically correct elevation and stabilized with the use of natural bed and bank materials. As mitigation compensation for the proposed impacts to approximately 1.12 acres of wetlands associated with the proposed improvement project, wetland replacement design has been completed on a 2.1-acre site adjacent to an existing wetland along the Alapocas Run corridor. Another priority during Blue Ball Properties development planning was to provide a regional system for stormwater management. Features include bioswales, detention basins and meadow depressions to improve water quality and enhance habitat. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Communities KW - Delaware KW - Development KW - Environment KW - Erosion control KW - Improvements KW - Master plans KW - Natural resources KW - Restoration ecology KW - Streams KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Stewardship.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688382 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969137 AU - Forman, R T AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROAD ECOLOGY: A LOOK BEHIND THE BOOK AND THE FIELD PY - 2003 SP - 5p AB - The field of road ecology, slowly emerging over two decades, offers great promise to transportation, nature and society, and a recent book, Road Ecology: Science and Solutions, should help catalyze the field. The objective of this paper is to provide additional insight into the book by highlighting its process of development, and pinpoint some underlying bases for expecting the field to accelerate. The book evolved from: recurrent environmental problems; early international work; and TRB and ICOET initiatives. Fourteen co-authors from academia and government, including two spear headers, four transportation experts, one hydrologist, nine ecologists, and a supporting cast of forty from the transportation and environmental communities created the book. Several broad challenges required solutions: present the best possible science; reveal an array of useful applications; avoid drowning in detail; and mesh authors to complete the book in two years. Also key specific decisions molded the book: title, publisher, sponsors, and royalties; focus on USA, Canada, and mainstream road network; peer-reviewed literature, and no specific solutions recommended; several topics with minimal, and with ample, coverage; and the nature of the final chapter. Since publication, salutary evidence indicates that the book is reaching: the transportation and environmental communities; educated public and conservation organizations; and decision-makers. Several trends in addition to the book seem to be catalyzing the field of road ecology. Rapid growth in research and the development of useful applications is evident, and important promising opportunities now lie on the palette of the diverse specialists. The conceptual objective of the field for society appears to be safe and efficient mobility meshed with natural processes and biodiversity. Thus the area along and adjoining the entire road network should significantly improve ecologically, while also strengthening the network of ecological flows and large green areas across the land. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Applications KW - Decision making KW - Ecology KW - Environmental impacts KW - Literature reviews KW - Roads KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03SustainableSystems.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688405 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969138 AU - NILSSON, L AU - Sjlund, A AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TARGETS AND MEASURES FOR CONSIDERATION OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSETS IN THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM PY - 2003 SP - 16p AB - Integration of environmental issues in sectorial work has long been regarded as essential in order that environmental problems may be solved and new problems may be avoided, i.e., in order that the development of a sustainable society may be possible. It has still been very difficult for environmental issues to hold their own among other interests, not least of which is the infrastructure sector. Areas that could be described in terms of numbers, preferably in monetary terms, have done better than others. It is, however, possible to integrate natural and cultural heritage assets in infrastructure planning without the need for monetary values. This demands a systematic way of dealing with natural and cultural heritage assets, which comprises, at the same time, both the national level and the whole chain of measures down to individual infrastructure projects, such as new construction, management and maintenance. The key factor is target control at all levels. The Swedish National Road Administration, in cooperation with other transport authorities, has developed a systematic method of dealing with natural and cultural heritage assets, entitled targets and measures for consideration of natural and cultural heritage assets in the transport systems. Tests of the method have been performed in actual road management projects. The method has been applied in both maintenance districts and road investment projects. The test projects have passed through one or more planning stages, but as yet there is no completed road project in which the method has been applied throughout, i.e. from preliminary study to a completed road. An analysis of the application of the method in road management processes was performed by the Department of Landscape Planning, Ultuna, of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). The aim of the analysis was to answer questions relating to both the conditions for successful implementation and satisfactory results of the method, and the processes, which may be thought to influence effective implementation. The analysis has been carried out through interviews and through studies of the documents and results. The results of the test projects clearly suggest that the method enhances clarity and awareness of natural and cultural heritage assets, that it breaks with the culture of negotiations among interests during the planning process in favor of a holistic approach and a more open-ended and result-oriented discussion, and that the method encourages interaction with other players by virtue of the targets which are expressed in tangible terms and are based on common concepts. The results also demonstrate that it is easier to strike a balance between target areas, and that the method makes for a better decision base. On the whole, the players involved in the test projects are very much in favor of the method. To sum up, results so far are very positive, and the method shows great potential for integrating qualitative values such as natural and cultural heritage assets in road management processes. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Agriculture KW - Assets KW - Construction KW - Cultural resources KW - Decision making KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Infrastructure KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Natural resources KW - Sustainable development KW - Sweden KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03SustainableSystems.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688407 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969153 AU - Haglund, B AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PARTNERING TO REDUCE DEER-VEHICLE COLLISIONS: IMPROVING MANAGEMENT OF THE "DEERSHED" PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - Nationwide, Deer Vehicle Crashes (DVCs) are killing and injuring more and more people. Each year in the U.S. alone, more than 1.5 million DVCs occur, affecting human safety and resulting in unnecessary social, environmental and economic losses. In addition, insurance companies, drivers and state and federal governments spend upwards of $3 billion each year for the ever-growing number of deer-vehicle collisions. The paper describes how the Sand County Foundation has constructed a growing partnership to unite interests for an ecological approach to reducing deer-vehicle crashes by: (1) managing the 'deershed' rather than engineered corridors; (2) public/private collaboration to implement the most economical and lasting solutions; (3) empowering and providing incentives to landowners willing to contribute to public safety by managing deer populations with human safety, deer herd quality and habitat integrity in mind; (4) monitoring, mapping and adapting management to evolving landscape and transportation trends; (5) providing sound information and support research and education on deer-vehicle crash reduction; and (6) leading action to reduce deer-vehicle crashes. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Crashes KW - Deer KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Human beings KW - Landscape design KW - Management KW - Mapping KW - Monitoring KW - Public private partnerships KW - Road kill KW - Safety KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688446 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969154 AU - Seaby, M AU - Rivard, D AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) TECHNOLOGY TO STUDY THE IMPACTS OF ROADS ON CANADA'S NATIONAL PARKS PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - At the national level, Parks Canada employs geographic information system (GIS) in order to support reporting on the ecological integrity of the nation's national parks, using road development as an indicator. GIS is a critical technology for addressing the spatial and temporal relationship between land use and conservation. Historical and contemporary digital road data were mapped in and surrounding Canada's 39 National Parks and National Park Reserves. Internal park road density, park area and the ratio of alien to native species were employed as indices to the ecological integrity of the parks. Road density surrounding Canada's national parks was correlated with other infrastructure, land use and human population to demonstrate that the former was a valid quantitative, spatially and temporally explicit index to the latter. External road density and land use, as well as landscape fragmentation and the measures of loss of park ecological integrity, increased spatially from north to south. External road density increased temporally from the 1950's to the 1990's but internal park road density increased in only a minority of parks. Historical and contemporary road data provide a readily available quantitative measure of the constraints to restoring and maintaining the ecological integrity of the national parks with predictive utility for tracking future trends in land use and fragmentation of the native ecosystem. At the field unit level, GIS technology is used as a tool to examine the ecological impacts of roads. The locations of wildlife-vehicle collisions on major highways in the Rocky Mountain Parks were examined to assess factors influencing the frequency of wildlife-vehicle collisions and identify various mitigation measures. On the high traffic volume, high speed, divided section of Highway 1 in Banff National Park various types of overpasses and underpasses are used in combination with fencing to link wildlife habitats and reduce road kill. On lower traffic volume highways it is difficult to justify the cost of this intensive mitigation. Other measures need to be examined. A highway safety study of existing and proposed wildlife warning sign locations along Highway 93 South in Kootenay National Park found that most of the existing highway wildlife warning signs were not located at high animal kill sites (which corresponded to where watershed valleys intersected the highway). The new locations for the highway animal warning signs correspond to accident clusters involving wildlife. Another lower traffic volume highway is Highway 16 in Jasper N.P. The GIS database was used to examine driver (photo log) images of kill sites. The analysis of wildlife kill sites along this route indicated that the physical characteristics of the highway and corridor were good predictors of kill sites. Common factors of high kill sites included good roadside habitat, water supply nearby and long wide straight stretches of road. GIS will be used at the project level for the next phase of twinning Highway 1 in Banff. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Canada KW - Data collection KW - Density KW - Ecology KW - Ecosystems KW - Geographic information systems KW - Infrastructure KW - Land use planning KW - Landscape design KW - National parks KW - Roads KW - Technological innovations KW - Tracking systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688448 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969141 AU - Andrews, K A AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES OF SNAKES TO ROAD ENCOUNTERS: CAN WE GENERALIZE IMPACTS ACROSS SPECIES? (A PRELIMINARY OVERVIEW) PY - 2003 SP - 3p AB - This paper describes how habitat fragmentation from roads is widely recognized as an issue of environmental concern. On-road mortality is frequently noted in studies of snakes. The assumption that road mortality is the only, or even the major, detriment to wild snake populations, could be misleading. Some species could perceive threats posed by the road in a manner that lead them to avoid the road rather than crossing it. In these instances, the larger disruption is the creation of the barrier effect. Research on behavioral responses of snakes in road encounters could uncover patterns of species-specific vulnerabilities for snakes. These behavioral trials test the responses of snake species to primary threats posed by the road-zone, such as road openness and the vehicle. These data are based on 846 behavioral tests with 27 species of southeastern snakes, and will yield evidence for both mortality and fragmentation impacts on snake species. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal behavior KW - Animals KW - Barricades KW - Behavior KW - Highway safety KW - Road kill KW - Vehicles KW - Wildlife UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688416 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969142 AU - Van-Riper, R AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COLLISIONS BETWEEN LARGE WILDLIFE AND MOTOR VEHICLE IN MAINE: 1998 - 2001 PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - This paper describes how the Maine Interagency work group on collisions between wildlife and motor vehicles actively tracks the recorded occurrences of crashes of animals with vehicles. As part of its ongoing program of public education, the group first used the maps in 1999. The data are gained from crash reports filed by law enforcement personnel. The Maine Department of Transportation's traffic statistic's section analyses the information. The effort is then developed into map graphics by the department's cartographic unit. Associated crash data and driving tips are also included on the maps. These are circulated to other state agencies, towns, schools and tourism facilities throughout the state and have received a variety of positive responses. Information on crash locations as mapped is utilized by the work group to determine chronic crash locales and for potential sites to install mitigation methodologies. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal migrations KW - Animals KW - Crashes KW - Deer KW - High risk locations KW - Maine KW - Maps KW - Motor vehicles KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Wildlife UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688418 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969148 AU - Kahn, A AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPROVING NATIVE BIRD HABITAT ALONG THE LAKE ONTARIO STATE PARKWAY PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - In 1998, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) made the Rochester regional office of the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) aware of the need for improved habitat for birds along Lake Ontario. The lake shore is internationally recognized as an important migratory route, nesting and wintering area for many bird species, both songbirds and birds of prey. The Lake Ontario State Parkway, with more than 30 miles of expansive right-of-way along the shoreline, presented an ideal opportunity for the department to respond, while enhancing the aesthetics of the corridor for the traveling public and adjacent land owners. Planning and design began in 1999 with construction in the spring of 2000. The project included restoring and enhancing native vegetation (meadow, shrub and trees) for habitat and food, and adding nest boxes for wood ducks, kestrels and other native cavity dwellers. Nest boxes are monitored through the creation of an 'adopt a nest box' volunteer program which has successfully kept European Starling activity to a minimum. Boxes have been used by six different native bird species. Seven hundred native shrubs and 236 fruit or mast bearing trees were planted. Forty-four acres of non-native scrub shrub was removed, with three acres replanted with native woody plants and the rest left open as meadow. Since 2001, the 41-acre right-of-way (ROW) area is being managed so that mowing occurs once after September 1, which has improved nesting success for Savannah and Grasshopper Sparrows, Bobolink and Meadowlark. Upland Sandpiper nested there until 1999, and it is hoped they will return. The department is currently revising mowing management practices statewide, in part based on the success of this project. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal migrations KW - Birds KW - Boxes KW - Construction KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Improvements KW - Land use planning KW - Native plants KW - New York (State) KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Vegetation KW - Wildlife UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688433 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969131 AU - Tuggle, D AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FEDERAL LANDS HIGHWAY EXPERIENCE AND INITIATIVES WITH CONTEXT SENSITIVE SOLUTIONS PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - Context sensitive solutions (CSS) is a collaborative, interdisciplinary approach to a transportation project, which involves all stakeholders, early and continually, to develop a transportation facility that equally addresses safety, mobility, and the preservation of scenic, aesthetic, historic, and environmental resources and community values. Federal Lands Highway (FLH) designs and constructs highway projects within our nation's most environmentally and culturally sensitive areas: national parks, national forests, wildlife refuges, and other important Federal public lands. This long-standing mission of working in extremely sensitive areas requires the use of CSS, and, therefore, FLH is recognized as being an expert in the use of CSS. FLH, along with five states each representing the regions of the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO), functions as a "pilot state." In its role as a "pilot state," FLH is charged with promoting CSS principles, showcasing its projects that exemplify CSS principles, and with training its staff. Currently, Federal Lands Highway is leading an effort within FHWA to develop training in CSS, which would primarily target all FHWA staff, both in the Federal-aid and Federal Lands Highway divisions of FHWA. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Context sensitive design KW - Environmental impacts KW - Federal government KW - Highways KW - Land use KW - Mobility KW - Resource development KW - Safety KW - Transportation planning UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Stewardship.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688390 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969134 AU - Wostl, R AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A PROGRAMMATIC SECTION 7 CONSULTATION TO RESTORE HABITAT CONNECTIVITY AND ACHIEVE RECOVERY FOR A FEDERALLY THREATENED SPECIES: PREBLE'S MEADOW JUMPING MOUSE PY - 2003 SP - 5p AB - The Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) have recently completed a programmatic consultation under section 7 consultation of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The consultation addresses all currently known transportation projects anticipated to affect Preble's meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius preblei) in the Monument Creek watershed, El Paso County, Colorado. It establishes a mitigation process largely divorced from individual projects. Instead of compensating for impacts to habitat with conventional mitigation methods of replacing, restoring or creating habitat based on ratios, programmatic conservation commitments focus on promoting recovery of a listed species. Also, by establishing protocols for developing subsequent projects and site-specific biological assessments, the programmatic process provides a framework for developing highway projects along predictable schedules. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal migrations KW - Assessments KW - Biological control KW - Colorado KW - Conservation KW - Endangered species KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Project management KW - Transportation planning KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Stewardship.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688397 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969146 AU - Seamans, T W AU - Patton, Z J AU - VerCauteren, K C AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ELECTROBRAID FENCING FOR USE AS A DEER BARRIER PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population in the USA has increased from about 350,000 in 1900 to over 25 million in 2002, and this has created many conflicts with public safety and agriculture. Exclusion of deer from impacted areas using 10-foot-high chain-link fencing is a possibility as the long-term solution; but the high cost of this fencing makes this option impractical. Electric fences have the potential to offer a less expensive alternative as a deer-exclusion barrier. The paper tested an electric fence design that is marketed under the name ElectroBraid (ElectroBraid Fence Ltd., Dartmouth, Nova Scotia). This fence comprises a 0.6-cm polyester rope with copper wire woven into it and is carried on frangible, fiberglass posts set at 15m intervals. From January to March 2002 we conducted both 1- and 2-choice tests on free ranging deer at the 2,200ha NASA Plum Brook Station in northern Ohio. Ten stations, each ? 1km apart were set in areas of deer activity. At each station we erected 5x 5m sites of ElectroBraid that enclosed a feed trough in which whole kernel corn was kept. A trail monitoring device was placed within each site to count deer activity. The paper recorded deer intrusions and corn consumption at sites both with and without electricity. Mean deer intrusions at treated sites in both 1- and 2-choice tests were < 1/day while control site intrusions were 84 - 86/day. Mean corn consumption by all wildlife (e.g., deer, raccoons [Procyon lotor], fox squirrels [Sciurus niger]) differed between treated (< 2 kg/day) and control sites (15 kg/day). Based upon the results of this test and the cost of ElectroBraid we conclude that this fence, under the conditions of this five-week test, was an effective and economical deer barrier. The ElectroBraid fence test was part of a research project, the objective of which was to evaluate the efficacy of ElectroBraid brand electric fencing at reducing deer visitation to a feeding site. The Federal Aviation Administration funded the project as part of a line item within an overall budget examining scare devices for use at airports. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Agriculture KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Animal migrations KW - Animals KW - Barricades KW - Deer KW - Electric power KW - Fences KW - Public relations KW - Safety KW - Wildlife UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688429 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969132 AU - Anderson, R AU - Molina, F AU - Salazar, R AU - Diaz, A AU - Snchez, J AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GEOSYNTHETICS FACILITATE ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND MITIGATE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN AMAZON BASIN RAINFOREST - 10 YEARS OF PERFORMANCE PY - 2003 SP - 10p AB - South America's Amazon River basin rainforest contains perhaps the world's greatest abundance of life, supporting over half of all known species of plants. Over the course of the millennia, organic materials of similar origin have become buried and transformed into deep reservoirs of heavy crude oil. Commercial quantities are available within the Amazon's headwaters region in the Colorado-sized country of Ecuador. In a country whose economy is largely dependent on oil, the formidable challenge is one of developing this vital resource in an environmentally sound and responsible manner, recognizing both the sensitivity of the rainforest and the rights of its indigenous peoples. The "lifeline" of the development (i.e., exploration, recovery, and transport) of the oil resource is the main road that serves as the haul-and-access corridor for personnel and equipment, as well as the means by which pipeline is constructed and serviced. Left unsecured, the road could also create a conduit for unwanted colonists - speculators seeking to clear-cut the fragile forest for farmland or livestock pasture. Clearly, the patrolled road must be as narrow and inconspicuous as possible, while at the same time being economical and functional over the service life of the oilfield, and beyond. These challenges are further compounded by the area's tropical and geological setting, forcing the project's planners, engineers and builders to deal with the 500-cm (200-in) of annual rainfall; weak, saturated, and highly plastic jungle floor subgrade; and acutely limited aggregates. Conventional road construction in this part of the world has been graveled "log corduroy rip-rap" - split tree trunks laid side-by-side, perpendicular to the road alignment like so many matchsticks to create a stiffened roadbed. With about 70 percent of the felled timber requirement coming from beyond the road's edge, this methodology is environmentally prohibitive and economically unfeasible over the long term. A better solution was imperative. This paper describes the design, construction, maintenance, and performance of a 150-km (90-mi) long, 6-meter (20-ft) wide road comprising dredged river-sand subbase sandwiched between and reinforced by two layers of stiff polymer geogrid, confined along its edges by a non-woven geotextile and topped with a single course of processed, unbound aggregate base/surfacing. By eliminating the use of felled timber, the road's right-of-way "take" could be minimized, and the resulting environmental and ecological impacts mitigated. Further, the use of geosynthetics permitted maximum structural utilization of precious sand and gravel, reducing borrow and haul requirements as well as enhancing the road's long-term serviceability, while maintaining the thinnest possible section. Now 10 years after construction, the road continues to perform well. Government officials have realized the benefits of the new geosynthetic technology, and have re-written their environmental regulations for road building to encourage its use. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Amazon River KW - Construction KW - Crude oil KW - Design KW - Environmental impacts KW - Farms KW - Geosynthetics KW - Maintenance KW - Plants KW - Rainfall KW - Reservoirs KW - Riprap KW - Rivers KW - Road construction KW - Subbase (Pavements) KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Stewardship.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688393 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969145 AU - Riedel, M S AU - Clinton, B D AU - Vose, J M AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF FOREST ROAD BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TO ENHANCE AND PROTECT WATER QUALITY IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - Sediment from gravel roads has degraded stream health in the southern Appalachians. National Forests initiated road reconstruction projects to reduce stream sedimentation. This paper monitored runoff water quality, before and after road reconstruction, from a wide variety of roads. Treatments included ditch obliteration, out-sloping, culvert removal, broad-based dips, and hay bales. Pre-treatment sediment yield generally increased with usage levels. Sediment yields following reconstruction were approximately one half of pretreatment levels. It also monitored total suspended solids (TSS) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from gravel and paved roads to quantify the effects of paving on water quality. While [TSS] tended to be lower on the paved road, they were not significantly lower than those of the maintained gravel roads. [TPH] from the two-year-old surface were just above detection limits (well below standards) at the road edge and not found downstream. TPH from the newly paved road adsorbed to sediments and did not move to the stream. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Appalachian Mountains KW - Best practices KW - Forest roads KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Management KW - Pavements KW - Paving KW - Petroleum KW - Reconstruction KW - Sediments KW - Solids KW - Suspended sediments KW - Total quality management KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688425 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969152 AU - Teachout, E J AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AN OPPORTUNITY FOR TRANSPORTATION STREAMLINING: REGIONAL PLANNING AND HABITAT CONSERVATION PLANS (HCPS) IN PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - Over the past decade, western Washington has experienced rapid growth in population and development. Recently, the listing of a variety of salmonid fish species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) has heightened the need to integrate the needs of listed species and people, as continued growth is predicted for the area. Currently, transportation infrastructure projects are reviewed for compliance with the ESA and National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) on a project-by-project basis. Considering the complexity and speed of which urbanization is occurring in western Washington, this approach presents multiple problems, including: missed opportunities for minimizing impacts, inadequately analyzed indirect and cumulative effects/impacts, significant permitting delays, and uncoordinated review and conservation. The traditional project review/permit acquisition processes is not well suited for dealing with ESA-listed species in quickly urbanizing environments. Without an adequate mechanism for integrating land-use planning and ESA concerns, future actions could contribute to the continued degradation of ecosystems upon which listed species depend, and may encounter permitting delays. This paper presents a recommended approach to better integrate land-use planning and ESA concerns. Its recommendation is that those local jurisdictions with the greatest juxtaposition of transportation infrastructure projects and occurrence of listed species develop regional planning processes for ESA compliance. These processes would combine the state's Growth Management Act (GMA) and ESA requirements, culminating in the implementation of multi-species Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) on a city/county basis. This would provide increased certainty to transportation planners and developers in understanding the constraints, opportunities, and conservation measures necessary to adequately conserve listed species. The paper discusses the expected outcomes, benefits, disadvantages and assumptions behind such an approach and provides examples of similar efforts that have involved planning for transportation infrastructure and address the cost and level of effort needed to implement multi-species regional HCPs. It also describes how delivery of transportation projects may be streamlined with this approach. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Compliance KW - Conservation KW - Endangered species KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Infrastructure KW - Permits KW - Project management KW - Puget Sound Region KW - Regional planning KW - Streamlining KW - Transportation planning KW - Washington (State) KW - Wildlife UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688443 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969106 AU - Aresco, M J AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - HIGHWAY MORTALITY OF TURTLES AND OTHER HERPETOFAUNA AT LAKE JACKSON, FLORIDA, USA, AND THE EFFICACY OF A TEMPORARY FENCE/CULVERT SYSTEM TO REDUCE ROADKILLS PY - 2003 SP - 17p AB - This projected investigated highway mortality and the attempted crossings of turtles and other herpetofauna from 2000-2003 on a 1.2-km-section of a four-lane highway crossing Lake Jackson, Florida. U.S. Highway 27 was built directly through the northwest arm of Lake Jackson, separating a 21-ha portion of the lake to the west (now known as "Little Lake Jackson"). U.S. Highway 27 is a virtually impassable barrier to wildlife (21,500 vehicles per day) and prevents normal movements, dispersal, and migration of most species both during non-drought periods and periodic natural drydowns (on average every 12 yrs). During periods of drought, Little Lake Jackson maintains water and is the destination for large numbers of migrating turtles and other wildlife that leave the drying lake until it refills. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the level of road mortality and attempted crossings of turtles and other herpetofauna, (2) examine the potential effects of road mortality on turtle demography including sex ratios and female population size, and (3) design and evaluate the effectiveness of a temporary drift fence-culvert system to both reduce road mortality and facilitate migration. Two drift fences (885 and 600m) were constructed to divert animals away from the north and southbound lanes and direct them into an existing 3.5-m-diameter culvert. Monitoring of road kills and attempted crossings consisted of multiple daily surveys for 43 months (5558 h) including a pre-fence (40 d) and post-fence (1274 d) survey during a drought migration and non-drought conditions. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal migrations KW - Crossovers KW - Culverts KW - Fences KW - Florida KW - Four lane highways KW - Highways KW - Lakes KW - Migration KW - Road kill KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Herpetiles.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688326 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969113 AU - Carey, M AU - Null, B AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MANAGEMENT OF A FEDERALLY LISTED PLANT SPECIES IN THE HIGHWAY RIGHT OF WAY PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - The objective of this project was to move the management of this species beyond a project-by-project basis, by developing a management plan to cover necessary highway maintenance activities. There are 10 species of plants in Washington State that are listed as threatened or endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act. One species, showy stickseed Hackelia venusta, occurs within the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) right-of-way of SR 2, in Tumwater Canyon, along with four other rare plant species. Tumwater Canyon is located in the Wenatchee National Forest (WNF), and a portion of the canyon has been designated the Tumwater Botanical Area, which is managed as a Special Interest Area. The potential for conflicts between the management of rare plants and public transportation has long been recognized for this section of the canyon. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Botany KW - Highway maintenance KW - Highways KW - Management KW - Plants KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Roadside flora and fauna KW - Roadside improvement KW - Vegetation KW - Washington (State) UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Vegetation&Roadsides.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688344 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969104 AU - Howsare, C L AU - Myers, L M AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENDANGERED SPECIES PROTECTION EFFORTS: THROUGH DESIGN AND INTO CONSTRUCTION PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - The U.S. 222 project in Berks County Pennsylvania involves eight miles of new and reconstructed highway to create a limited access facility. Final design and construction were divided into three sections following the Spring 1997 Record of Decision. However, in the fall of 1997, the bog turtle (clemmys muhlenbergii) was declared a federally threatened species, and soon after the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) raised concerns regarding the proximity of the southern section of the Warren Street project to known turtle populations. Field investigations in the spring of 1998 confirmed the presence of populations within the southernmost design section, necessitating formal consultation under the Endangered Species Act. Coordination with USFWS, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission ensued. A biological assessment of the species in the project area, the project's potential effects, and proposed mitigative measures was written and used as the basis for the USFWS's final biological opinion, which concluded no adverse effect for the species and now serves as the framework for managing the Warren Street project as it relates to the species. However, to ensure this conclusion, design alterations and other measures were required to ensure the project could move forward. The effects that the discovery of bog turtles had on the development of the project plans and timetable were significant. Avoidance, minimization, and mitigation measures were evaluated, and measures that best protect the species while allowing the roadway improvements to move forward included design modifications, construction limitations, and monitoring efforts were adopted. Specific measures involved redesigning two box culverts into single span bridges, careful sequencing of construction activities around the bog turtle's physiological requirements (i.e., hibernation), disturbance limits to minimize activity near identified habitat, barriers to preclude turtles in the construction zone, and an ongoing tagging and monitoring study to identify habitat and behavior. These efforts have required, and continue to require, close cooperation between the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PENNDOT) and the regulating agencies. As the southern section prepares to move into construction early in 2003, challenges in managing the project around the bog turtle populations continue. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal migrations KW - Box culverts KW - Bridges KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Endangered species KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Pennsylvania KW - Project management KW - Protection KW - Timetables KW - Work zones UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Herpetiles.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688322 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969107 AU - Samanns, E AU - Zacharias, S AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MITIGATING POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF HERPETILE HABITAT LOSS AND FRAGMENTATION FROM NEW ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION IN SOUTHERN NEW YORK STATE PY - 2003 SP - 16p AB - Construction of a 6.5-kilometer (4-mile) two-lane access roadway has been proposed to provide airport patrons with improved access to Stewart International Airport in Orange County, New York. The project design, environmental review and permitting process were a joint effort between the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) and the New York State Thruway Authority (NYTA). While the majority of the new access roadway will utilize an existing road network, an approximately one-mile portion will pass through extensive secondary growth forest on the southwest side of the airport. This area is in close proximity to the 6,000-acre Stewart State Forest. A 1.12-kilometer (0.7-mile) length of this alignment passes through a valley containing a complex of emergent and forested wetlands and a headwater stream. In order to minimize potential impacts to two New York State Species of Special Concern, the spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata) and the Jefferson salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum), as well as other wildlife species, a mitigation plan was devised to replace wetland habitat utilized by these species. The mitigation plan also includes four underpasses to maintain a connection between upland forest and wetland habitats on either side of the roadway. The mitigation plan was developed in a collaborative effort with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), NYSDOT, NYTA and The Louis Berger Group, Inc. (Berger). Berger developed a design plan for the construction of 12 vernal pools in close proximity to the impacted wetlands to provide supplemental breeding habitat for several herpetile species. The 12 pools range in size from 0.01 to 0.13 hectares (0.04 to 0.33 acre), with a combined total area of 0.55 hectares (1.37 acres). The site selection, vernal pool design, water budget analysis, and plan and specification preparation was a collaborative effort between biologists and engineers. Several criteria were used to select the best possible sites for pool construction. These criteria took multiple factors into consideration including proximity to existing wetlands, upslope drainage areas, forest quality, site topography, soil characteristics, and availability of adjacent upland buffer habitat. The design places major emphasis on site hydrology since this would be the determining factor for target species use of these habitats. The intended inundation hydroperiod (March through July) was based on the target species breeding requirements and was the basis of determining if an individual vernal pool site could be successful. Water budgets were developed for each proposed site to determine the necessary design elements required to establish naturally functioning vernal pool hydrology. Controlling influences such as pool watershed, subsoil infiltration rates, precipitation rates, and substratum composition were all accounted for in the water budget analysis. Other elements such as maintaining a closed tree canopy and incorporating leaf litter to provide an appropriate substrate were addressed in the design. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Access KW - Amphibians KW - Animal migrations KW - Drainage KW - Forests KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - New York (State) KW - Underpasses KW - Wetlands KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Herpetiles.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688329 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969117 AU - Turton, T AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FOR PLANNING & ASSESSMENT PY - 2003 SP - 8p AB - The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) has developed a completely new process for how the State of Florida plans transportation projects and accomplishes environmental review and consideration of socio-cultural effects. The new process for transportation decision making was developed by FDOT working in conjunction with federal and state agencies to develop an entirely new process that efficiently meets statutory requirements and delivers projects which respect and protect Florida's resources. The new process is called "Efficient Transportation Decision Making" or the ETDM Process. The objectives of the multi-agency working group, which developed this process were outlined by Congress in Section 1309 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) and they are to: (1) provide early and continuous involvement of agencies and the public in the review process; (2) integrate environmental review and permitting processes; (3) establish coordinated time schedules for agency action; (4) establish effective dispute resolution mechanisms; and (5) provide access to information through use of technology. FDOT assembled 23 federal and state agencies at the initial "summit" in February 2000 to ask for their support and commitment to develop this process. Summit participants developed a "vision statement" for the new process. Their agencies then participated in a series of multi-agency meetings to identify the elements of a process that would improve efficiency (early involvement, easy access to good data, continuous agency and community involvement, teamwork, a method to screen projects early, and an effective method for handling disputes). Early agency involvement is provided through two "screening" events, which occur early in project planning and before significant engineering work proceeds. These events are the "Planning Screen" and the "Programming Screen." Agency input received early in planning may identify the need for wildlife crossings, community-expressed concerns or other needs for reconfiguration of a project to avoid or minimize adverse effects. This early awareness improves the project cost estimates, which can affect project priorities. Coordination is achieved through Environmental Technical Advisory Teams (ETATs), which are formed for each of the seven FDOT districts. ETAT members review project information and provide input about technical scopes of work required for project development. These focused scopes of work are expected to improve the quality of information considered and will allow the FDOT to address key issues of concern. All coordination is achieved using the Environmental Screening Tool (EST). This is an Internet-accessible interactive database system with GIS that allows ETAT members and the public to view project plans and the effects on resources. Stakeholder input is documented in the EST and visible to all parties involved in transportation decision making. The EST is described more fully in a companion paper. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal migrations KW - Applications KW - Communities KW - Decision making KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Florida KW - Geographic information systems KW - Planning KW - Project management KW - Technology KW - Transportation planning KW - Wildlife UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688354 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969124 AU - Rogers, E I AU - Premo, E AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USING A TOWN'S GIS PROJECT TO CREATE A DEER-VEHICLE ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT PLAN PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - The Town of Amherst, New York (a bedroom community adjacent to the City of Buffalo), faced high numbers of deer-vehicle accidents (DVAs) on a landscape where sport hunting had been historically prohibited and is currently not allowed. In addition, an attempt at an organized three-year lethal control ("bait and shoot") effort had ended in controversy and a lawsuit that stopped the program. The Town of Amherst needed a fresh approach to its problem of DVAs. The project had two objectives: (1) to use data from the town's GIS project to better understand the spatial and temporal patterns of DVAs within the town; and (2) to use this analysis to design a Community DVA management plan. By law, such a community plan would need to be passed through the state environmental quality review process. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Crash analysis KW - Crashes KW - Deer KW - Environmental quality KW - Geographic information systems KW - Landscape architecture KW - Management KW - Planning KW - Reviews KW - Towns KW - Vehicles UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03TechnologyApps.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688372 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969123 AU - Baffour, R A AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USING GIS TO SHOWCASE "ENDANGERED SPECIES AND TRANSPORTATION" INITIATIVES IN GEORGIA PY - 2003 SP - 3p AB - Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) mandates federal agencies such as the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to insure that any action authorized, funded, or carried out by such agencies is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered species or threatened species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of habitat of such species which is determined by the secretary of the interior. Therefore the ESA has a significant effect on the selection of a roadway alignment and consequently the cost of the entire highway project. As evident in many parts of the country, developments experienced in the transportation industry have had a considerable impact on the environment and the general populace. This has resulted in significant changes in the use of land in many metropolitan regions in the country. Among the many environmental issues that transportation officials have to deal with is the issue of threatened and endangered species (TES). The study involved a review of best practices of TES issues as they relate to transportation. Three of such examples from the State of Georgia are presented in the paper as case studies. Geographic information system (GIS) applications were developed for all the projects used in the case studies, some of which are presented in this paper. The paper concludes by noting the influence of ESA on transportation projects. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Case studies KW - Endangered species KW - Geographic information systems KW - Georgia KW - Highways KW - Project management KW - Threats KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688369 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969111 AU - Askling, J AU - Bergman, K-O AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INVERTEBRATES-A FORGOTTEN GROUP OF ANIMALS IN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING? BUTTERFLIES AS TOOLS AND MODEL ORGANISMS IN SWEDEN PY - 2003 SP - 7p AB - This study focused on invertebrates in general and butterflies in particular to investigate if they are a possible object to study in open to half-open habitats with high conservation values. The main conclusions of this project are: (1) Butterflies can be used to identify rich landscapes; (2) There exist critical thresholds, and infrastructure has probably the largest impact around the thresholds (3-10% of natural habitat left); (3) Indicator species may be used to identify rich landscapes; (4) Roads may act as barriers to some species; and (5) Invertebrates is a significant group to consider in infrastructure planning. In the future the results can be used to identify potentially species-rich areas without expensive field surveys, before the start of road and railway projects. Using data from aerial photos or satellites and analyzing them with thresholds for groups of species in a GIS application could provide a tool to prevent further fragmentation by infrastructure. The development of this tool is a challenge, but there is also a need to confirm findings in other landscapes as well. The thresholds in this study should be interpreted with some caution as the landscape around some sites overlaps. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Aerial photography KW - Animals KW - Geographic information systems KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Infrastructure KW - Invertebrates KW - Landscape design KW - Planning KW - Satellite communication KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Birds&Insects.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688339 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969114 AU - Falge, J AU - Frantz, E AU - Ambuske, R AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - NYS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RESPONSE TO E.O. 13112 INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES PY - 2003 SP - 16p AB - On February 3, 1999, President Clinton signed Executive Order 13112 (E.O.), which calls on state transportation agencies to work to prevent and control the introduction and spread of invasive species. Nonnative flora and fauna can cause significant changes to ecosystems, upset the ecological balance, and cause economic harm to our nation's transportation, environmental, agricultural and recreational sectors. For example, introduced plants, such as Phragmites and purple loosestrife, throughout New York State have choked out native plant species and consequently clogged roadway drainage ways and altered environmental habitat. Transportation systems can facilitate the spread of plant and animal species outside their natural range. Those species that are likely to harm the environment, transportation safety, human health, or economy are of particular concern. The NYS Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) maintains approximately 16,500 miles of highway and annually spends over $9.1 million on vegetation management. Funding for this project is integrated as part of the normal department operational vegetation management budget. The threat from invasive species is increasing with human population growth, global trade and disturbance of the environment. Effectively dealing with the problem of invasive plant species presents a significant conservation challenge, both biologically and politically. The prevention of new plant invasions, early detection and monitoring of infestations of invasive plants, and effective control of established invasions through area-wide partnerships have been identified as key objectives in an overall national strategy for invasive plants. Stopping potentially invasive species before they spread from transportation corridors may be the best option for short-term protection. The department is implementing a proactive environmental initiative to attempt to eradicate certain existing invasive populations, and control the colonization and spread of species that have demonstrated negative effects to natural systems. Highway corridors provide opportunities for the movement of invasive species through the landscape. Invasive plant or animal species can move on vehicles and in the loads they carry. Invasive plants can be moved from site to site during spraying and mowing operations. Weed seed can be inadvertently introduced into the corridor during construction on equipment and through the use of mulch, imported soil or gravel, and sod. Some invasive plant species might be inadvertently planted in erosion control, landscape, or wildflower projects. Thousands of miles of New York State rights-of-ways traverse public and private lands. Many of these adjacent lands have weed problems and the highway rights-of-way provide corridors for further spread. NYSDOT has an opportunity to address roadside vegetation management issues on both their construction activities and maintenance programs with new levels of cooperation and communication with other state agencies and conservation organizations. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Agriculture KW - Corridors KW - Environment KW - Erosion control KW - Highways KW - Landscape design KW - Maintenance KW - New York (State) KW - Plant location KW - Plants KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Roadside flora and fauna KW - Roadside improvement KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Vegetation KW - Wildflowers UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Vegetation&Roadsides.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688346 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969103 AU - Puky, M AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - AMPHIBIAN MITIGATION MEASURES IN CENTRAL-EUROPE PY - 2003 SP - 17p AB - Studies from different continents have proved amphibians to be the most frequently killed vertebrates on roads. In Central-Europe their ratio is between 70 and 88 percent. Local populations are known to become extinct or genetically isolated, and avoidance is also recognized, especially where the road network is dense and the traffic is intensive. Besides ecological and conservation considerations, amphibian road kills also present a hazard for motorists when amphibians migrate in large numbers. Mitigation measures for amphibians have been applied since the 1960s. In Central-Europe the first amphibian-related culvert modification occurred at Parassapuszta, Hungary, in 1986. A number of amphibian-oriented mitigation measures have been made in the region under roads and motorways since then, especially after 1995. The aim of this paper is to describe the main features of these constructions, overview the different designs, and make suggestions for their improvement as well as for future amphibian-oriented mitigation measures in general. A total of 31 road sections were monitored. Besides amphibian tunnels, game passages and game bridges were also investigated. Both the detailed characterization of the technical solutions and the survey of amphibian populations and habitats were included in the methodology. The investigation of the tunnel systems showed a great diversity, e.g., in tunnel and fence material, their position in relation to the road, and connections between them. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Amphibians KW - Animal migrations KW - Culverts KW - Ecology KW - Europe KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Hungary KW - Networks KW - Road kill KW - Technology KW - Traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688320 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969108 AU - McElhenny, T AU - Brookens, A AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DYNAMICS BY A TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PROJECT IN SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA PY - 2003 SP - 5p AB - This project is an example of a transportation undertaking that is designed and constructed in such a manner as to fulfill the project purpose and promote the conservation of a threatened species. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation is currently performing bog turtle radio-tracking and environmental compliance monitoring as required by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 404 permit and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biological opinion. Radio tracking of bog turtles was initiated in 1999 and will continue to one year post-construction, anticipated to be in 2006. The biological opinion for the project required the department to minimize direct and indirect impacts to bog turtles and critical habitat through innovative highway engineering design modifications, specialized containment fencing, and seasonal constraints for certain construction activities. Pre-construction provisions in compliance with the biological opinion include vegetation community mapping; ground water monitoring; invasive species management and monitoring; and bog turtle behavior and movement patterns. The research performed in this project has confirmed many of the natural history characteristics of the species cited in previous studies in the scientific literature. However, behavior and movement patterns previously undocumented have been recorded. Telemetry data from this transportation project continues to expand our understanding of this federally threatened species. Monitoring throughout construction of the project will confirm if the implemented engineering design modifications have avoided and minimized potential impacts to the species metapopulation. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal migrations KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Endangered species KW - Highway engineering KW - Improvements KW - Management KW - Pennsylvania KW - Telemetry KW - Threats KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688331 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969118 AU - Roaza, R AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING IN FLORIDA: FLORIDA'S ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING TOOL: LAYING THE TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION FOR EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION DECISION MAKING PY - 2003 SP - 5p AB - Florida has recently developed a new, more efficient process for conducting environmental reviews of transportation projects. The Environmental Screening Tool, an interactive database and mapping application available on the Internet, is fundamental to the success of the new process. The Environmental Screening Tool integrates resource and project data from multiple sources into one standard format, provides quick and standardized analysis of the effects of the proposed projects on the human and natural environment, and supports effective communication of results among all stakeholders, including the public. Because an innovative technology solution was fundamental to the success of the new process, application development occurred in conjunction with process refinements. This created a very flexible environment in which the process could be refined to take advantage of technology, and the technology could be easily adjusted, as process details were defined. As the ETDM process was refined, the Environmental Screening Tool was developed using the following general steps: (1) determining the general system requirements for the conceptual process; (2) laying the database foundation; (3) designing and developing the user interface in modules; and (4) updating and adding tools within the modules as the process details are refined. Version 1.0 of the Environmental Screening Tool has been tested and statewide training completed in the summer of 2003. Participant feedback on the utility of the application has been very positive. Additional enhancements will most likely continue through the first year of implementation, as the new process is refined. Requests for enhancements have been compiled and will be incorporated into version 2 of the Environmental Screening Tool in the fall of 2003. The tool integrates Internet mapping technology, relational database management system and a Geographic Information System (GIS). This integration was implemented using industry-standard platform-independent development tools such as Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Java Script, Java Server Pages (JSP) and Extensible Markup Language (XML). The Environmental Screening Tool was deployed at the University of Florida in conjunction with the Florida Geographic Data Library (FGDL), a repository of GIS data gathered from federal, state, and local governments. Users access the application from their desktop computer by connecting to a secure website using Internet Explorer. The application was jointly developed by URS and the University of Florida under a contract with the Florida Department of Transportation, Environmental Management Office, with funding from the State of Florida and the Federal Highway Administration. The cost of developing the Environmental Screening Tool, Version 1, was approximately $1,255,000. This paper describes the Environmental Screening Tool with an emphasis on the functionality, development methodology, and implementation strategy. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Databases KW - Decision making KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental policy KW - Florida KW - Geographic information systems KW - Internet KW - Mapping KW - Planning KW - Screenings KW - Technology UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03TechnologyApps.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688356 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969105 AU - Hoffman, N AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FROG FENCE ALONG VERMONT RT. 2 IN SANDBAR WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREA: COLLABORATION BETWEEN VERMONT AGENCY OF TRANSPORTATION AND VERMONT AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES PY - 2003 SP - 2p AB - The goal of this project was to reduce roadkill of wetland species on Rt. 2 in The Sandbar Wildlife Management Area (SWMA) whille focusing efforts on northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). The solution needed to be inexpensive, effective, and, for the short-term, include no structural changes to the roadway. The Sandbar Wildlife Management Area is on the northeast shore of Lake Champlain in Vermont. The wetlands of SWMA are bisected by US Rt. 2, an arterial highway with average daily traffic (ADT) of 10,200. There are hundreds of acres of wetlands and forested upland on both sides of Rt. 2. Wildlife commonly crosses the highway, which results in a high incidence of roadkill. Northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) are a significant portion of the roadkill. The Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTrans) in collaboration with the Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (VANR) installed silt fences as a barrier to keep animals off the highway. This is a short-term solution that also provided a test for the use of temporary fences to direct movement of animals. The long-term solution must include the installation of culverts and permanent fencing. A secondary benefit of the project was to promote the needs for wildlife crossing in Vermont through media coverage of the project. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal migrations KW - Fences KW - Frogs (Amphibians) KW - Natural resources KW - Road kill KW - Sand KW - Temporary structures KW - Vermont KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Herpetiles.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688324 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969112 AU - Spooner, P AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTS OF SOIL DISTURBANCE FROM ROADWORKS ON ROADSIDE SHRUB POPULATIONS IN SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA PY - 2003 SP - 5p AB - In many fragmented agricultural regions of south-eastern Australia, roadside vegetation provides important refuges for threatened native fauna and isolated populations of plant species. However, as roads are transport corridors for humans and their vehicles, species survival is affected through destruction and modification of remaining habitat by human activity. This paper studies the effects of soil disturbance from road works on the structural dynamics and spatial patterning of roadside Acacia populations was investigated in the Lockhart Shire study area, NSW, Australia. Classification and ordination of size structures of Acacia pycnantha, A. montana and A. decora showed distinct groups of colonizing, stable and senescent populations. Soil disturbance from previous road works was recorded in 88 percent of populations, and there was a significant relationship between major recruitment pulses and road works events in Acacia populations. Spatial pattern analysis using the Network K-function showed significant clustering of older senescent populations, and Discriminant Function Analyses revealed that road verge width, road category, disturbance intensity, and distance to nearest town were highly significant variables in relation to disturbance regimes from road works activities. These results highlight the importance of understanding human logic regarding road works activities in the ongoing management of roadside vegetation, and they have important consequences regarding conservation of these unique environments. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Agriculture KW - Australia KW - Classification KW - Dynamics KW - Environment KW - Human beings KW - Roadside flora and fauna KW - Roadside improvement KW - Shrubs KW - Soils KW - Structural analysis KW - Vegetation KW - Vehicles UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Vegetation&Roadsides.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688341 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969119 AU - Endries, M AU - Gilbert, T AU - Kautz, R AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING IN FLORIDA: MAPPING WILDLIFE NEEDS IN FLORIDA: THE INTEGRATED WILDLIFE HABITAT RANKING SYSTEM PY - 2003 SP - 10p AB - The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) is responsible for performing environmental reviews of major land developments in Florida that impact fish and wildlife resources and their habitat. In an effort to improve the efficiency and accuracy of these assessments, and in order to improve the coordination between agencies, the FWC developed a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based habitat model that incorporates a wide variety of land cover, and wildlife species data. The Integrated Wildlife Habitat Ranking System (IWHRS) ranks the Florida landscape based upon the needs of wildlife as a way to identify ecologically significant lands in the state, and to assess the potential impacts of land development projects. The IWHRS is provided as an ArcView (ESRI, Redlands, CA) project on a compact disc, which includes the results of the model, all of the data layers that went into the model, a wide variety of wildlife species location data, and a Florida land cover image. By using the capabilities of GIS, users can perform specific queries and investigations of the model results, the data layers that comprise the model, and the additional data provided on the CD, enhancing the utility of the model. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Data collection KW - Development KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental policy KW - Florida KW - Geographic information systems KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Integrated systems KW - Land use planning KW - Landscape design KW - Location KW - Planning KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03TechnologyApps.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688359 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969125 AU - Salvatico, C C AU - Howsare, C L AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UTILIZING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS THROUGHOUT THE DESIGN AND PERMITTING PROCESS PY - 2003 SP - 2p AB - While geographic information systems (GIS), including data collected through global positioning systems (GPS), are not new to the transportation design industry, coordinated utilization of these technologies does not often occur throughout the course of a project. This may result in the duplication of efforts by the design and environmental analysis teams, or may necessitate analysis done by less efficient means, possibly incurring project delays. By integrating GIS into the project development process as early as possible, these issues can often be minimized or eliminated. This paper describes four projects, which widely varied in both scope and budget, showed how the incorporation of GIS have enhanced projects' progress at various stages of completion. Implementation of such techniques should become a standard step in project development to ensure the most timely and accurate results possible. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Design KW - Environmental design KW - Geographic information systems KW - Global Positioning System KW - Integrated systems KW - Permits KW - Project management UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03TechnologyApps.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688374 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969120 AU - Watts, R D AU - Compton, R W AU - McCammon, J H AU - Ouren, D S AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - INTENSITY OF HUMAN USE, BACKCOUNTRY ROADS, AND ANALYSIS OF HUMAN ACCESSIBILITY PY - 2003 SP - 12p AB - Intensity of human use (IHU) is a conceptual geographic characteristic that describes an area's rank on the continuum from high use (e.g., urban area or active strip mine) to low use (roadless wilderness). Customary measures of IHU, such as human population density or road density, lose their utility at the low-use end of the spectrum - and it is here that human activities may have their greatest ecological effect on some ecological resources, such as wildlife habitat. Conceptually, the paper suggests that IHU is determined by four factors: IHU = P x D C A/C, where A is human accessibility, P is the population of potential visitors, D is attraction to a destination, and C is the dilution effect of alternate destinations. In our vehicle-centric culture, roads are essential determinants of human accessibility. Each time a road is built or opened, some area surrounding the opened road becomes more accessible, and each time a road is closed or reclaimed some area becomes less accessible. The modeling efforts described in the paper has focused on small enough areas that factors P, D, and C are essentially constant. The geographic information system (GIS) model of A expresses inaccessibility (roughly the reciprocal of A) as minimum travel time T(x, y) from a paved road. The model depends on three digital geographic descriptors: elevation, land cover, and transportation. Calculations derive from estimates of vehicular speed on unpaved roads and walking speeds off-road. At present, our model ignores alternate off-road transportation modes, such as horse, motorized dirt bike, or all-terrain vehicle (ATV), although these can be easily incorporated under the basic model structure. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Accessibility KW - County roads KW - Geographic information systems KW - Human beings KW - Model atmosphere KW - Offroad traffic KW - Secondary roads KW - Travel time KW - Unpaved roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688362 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969121 AU - Konan, D AU - Kim, Karl AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MODELING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR IN HAWAII PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - Using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the entire state's economy, the economic activity related to transportation activities in Hawaii are identified and measured. Next, using GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and spatial allocation techniques, the location of these activities and estimate some of the resulting environmental impacts are identified. Transportation is seen as both an important industry as well as a key input into the production of other goods and services. The principal database is an input-output (I-O) table that contains detailed information on 131 different economic sectors in the state. Combined with census data and various spatial databases, this effort enables us to not only estimate energy use and consumption, but also to identify where the most significant impacts and threats to the environment occur. Hawaii, because of its island geography and isolation from other places and the availability of a rich database provides a unique opportunity to examine the close interaction between transportation, economic activity, and the physical environment. The contributions to this topic might be seen in terms of three different areas. The first is the integrated economic and environmental theories, methods, and models. The second focuses on data from Hawaii, much of our findings are transferable to other localities. Third, the research has pointed towards not only a deeper understanding of the relationship between transportation, economics, and environmental quality, but also to various policies and programs which might make use of the findings and methodological tools. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Databases KW - Economic policy KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Equilibrium (Economics) KW - Geographic information systems KW - Hawaii KW - Production KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688364 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969109 AU - Weiskotten, K AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - DRAFT GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CONSERVATION ALTERNATIVE MOWING PLANS FOR INTERSTATE, EXPRESSWAY AND PARKWAY ROADSIDES PY - 2003 SP - 3p AB - A primary responsibility of the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) is to maintain a highway right of way that is safe for the traveling public. This requires the removal of trees, shrubs, and other fixed objects that may stand in the way of drivers leaving the highway. For many years, the department has fulfilled this responsibility by large scale clearing and mowing of a clear zone. Roadside management practices that maintain the right of way as parkland certainly make the road safe and visually pleasing, but provide little in the way of useful habitat for wildlife. The clear zone, occupying approximately 1 percent of the state's land area, is a landscape that has much potential for providing nesting and foraging habitat for grassland bird species. Protection of the environment is another responsibility of the department, and the NYSDOT needs to advance practices that promote wildlife use of habitats along the highway, while maintaining a safe and aesthetic roadside for the travelers. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Aesthetics KW - Conservation KW - Guidelines KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Highways KW - Landscape design KW - New York (State) KW - Right of way (Traffic) KW - Travelers KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Birds&Insects.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688334 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969110 AU - Cuperus, R AU - Foppen, R AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - IMPACTS OF HIGHWAYS ON DUTCH BREEDING BIRDS: AN ANALYSIS BY APPLYING NATIONAL BIRD CENSUSES PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - Field studies under controlled circumstances have demonstrated the adverse impacts highways have on breeding birds. The studies show that the presence and use of highways deteriorates habitat quality of a selected number of breeding birds from forests and wet meadow birds, resulting in lower population densities along roads. Studies showing effects on the national population level, however, are not available. The aim of this project was to describe the impacts of highways on the population level for a wide variety of breeding birds in the Netherlands. During the last twenty years, SOVON , a non-governmental organization, has built up enormous data on the distribution and numbers of Dutch breeding birds and monitored plots yearly on the presence of breeding birds during a considerable period of time. The availability of these data addressed the question whether the increase in the Dutch highway length and traffic intensity that took place from 1975 to 2000, has lead to significant changes in the distribution of breeding birds. In contrast with other studies, the SOVON data allow us to address a large number of bird species in a broad range of habitat types. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal migrations KW - Birds KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Highways KW - Impacts KW - Population KW - Traffic KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Birds&Insects.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688336 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969115 AU - Jacobson, R L AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PRAIRIE PASSAGE: A ROUTE TO REDISCOVERY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN PRAIRIE LANDSCAPE, CULTURE AND HISTORY PY - 2003 SP - 6p AB - In 1995, the departments of transportation (DOTs) in Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas formed a partnership in order to develop and implement a plan to establish a national wildflower corridor from Canada to Mexico. The objectives of the plan included identification and protection of prairie remnants and rare species found in highway rights-of-way, establishing local origin native grasses and wildflowers to connect native remnants thus establishing a linear corridor; interpretation and educational efforts to increase awareness of natural and cultural prairie resources; assistance and cooperative efforts with communities along a designated and signed Prairie Passage route. In 1995 The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provided a $50,000 grant to each of the six states to perform initial surveys and planning for the Prairie Passage. Implementation of each state's plan is being accomplished through a variety of funding packages created by each state. From 1999 through 2003 Minnesota was funded by a $750,000, 20:80 match between the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources and TEA-21. Brochures, guidebooks, posters, rest area kiosks, interpretive trails, and signage have been developed with this funding. Kansas and Oklahoma also received TEA-21 funding. Plantings have been established and interpretive materials are being developed. Iowa and Missouri have received other state funding. Response to signage and distribution of interpretive materials in Minnesota has been enthusiastic and positive. Several communities on the signed route have proposed cooperative projects around Prairie Passage to further promote economic development and tourism in their areas. DOT district personnel have requested further information and training for use in planning and maintenance. It is hoped that other states will see similar results with materials and projects developed for their states. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Corridors KW - Grasses KW - Highways KW - Landscape design KW - Maintenance KW - Native plants KW - North America KW - Planning KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Surveys KW - Wildflowers UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Vegetation&Roadsides.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688349 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969116 AU - Harper-Lore, B L AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ROADSIDE REVIEW OF VEGETATION PROBLEMS, POLICY, AND APPLIED RESEARCH PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - It is only in recent years that maintenance and landscape crews in transportation began to think of themselves as land managers, with some historic exception. Combining interstate and state highway rights-of-way, they care for some 12 million acres of land across the nation. Because their highway corridors slice through your lands, neighbors need to know what they do and why they do it. Together roadside managers are willing to partner with adjacent landowners and agencies to implement current best management practices (BMPs). Some BMPs address the age-old questions of safety, construction costs, and environmental impacts follow, along with suggestions for future change. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Best practices KW - Construction KW - Corridors KW - Management KW - Policy making KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Roadside flora and fauna KW - Roadside improvement KW - Safety KW - Vegetation UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Vegetation&Roadsides.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688351 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969122 AU - Carson, R AU - Jones, R AU - Neil, J AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - ODOT'S SALMON RESOURCE AND SENSITIVE AREA MAPPING PROJECT - APPLICATION DELIVERY OF GIS BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE DATA PY - 2003 SP - 4p AB - The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) undertook an innovative project in 1999 to develop a Geographic Information system (GIS)-based inventory of fish-bearing streams, wetlands, threatened and endangered plant and animal habitat, and other sensitive resource sites within the transportation corridor of state-maintained highways. The objective of this effort was to create an environmental management tool for ODOT's maintenance and operations activities and to facilitate an exemption under Section 4(d) of the ESA. As a contractor to ODOT, Mason, Bruce & Girard, Inc. (MB&G) has completed this process for four of the five ODOT regions, totaling more than 7,000 miles of state roadway. The project involves the unique integration of high-technology data capture methods, including: (1) high-resolution color infrared digital orthophotography; (2) imagery interpretation and on-screen digitizing of sensitive resource features; (3) road-side verification and capture of sensitive resources using laser rangefinders linked to vehicle-mounted real-time GPS units; and (4) sophisticated GIS modeling. With these tools we are able to accurately determine the locations and attributes of sensitive resources with an error rate of less than five percent. Key project deliverables include: (1) GIS coverages, or data layers, for twelve categories of sensitive resources present along all state roadways; (2) straight-line maps showing locations of sensitive resources for use by ODOT maintenance crews to facilitate resource protection; (3) high-resolution digital imagery of the state-wide transportation corridor (extending 500 feet each side of centerline); and (4) a desktop computer application that allows non-GIS users the ability to access and view these data. The comprehensive spatial database - comprised of the GIS and the digital imagery -allows biological resources to be considered early in the design process for roadway improvement projects, thus facilitating resource protection and environmental permitting. The desktop computer application, GeoBook (TM) allows environmental scientists, transportation planners, and engineers to query various segments of the state transportation corridor by highway name, number, or milepoint. Functionality includes the ability to pan and zoom in and out so that the user can move through the landscape and view the transportation corridor at any desired scale. The application also allows users to toggle on or off the GIS coverages of the twelve categories of sensitive resources so that they can perform "virtual" environmental project scoping and preliminary alternatives analyses for transportation improvement projects. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Biological control KW - Digitized photography KW - Fishes KW - Geographic information systems KW - Global Positioning System KW - Imagery KW - Natural resources KW - Oregon KW - Resource development KW - Streams KW - Wetlands UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688366 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969094 AU - Newhouse, N AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE WILDLIFE PROTECTION SYSTEM: EARLY SUCCESSES AND CHALLENGES USING INFRARED TECHNOLOGY TO DETECT DEER, WARN DRIVERS, AND MONITOR DEER BEHAVIOR PY - 2003 SP - 2p AB - Wildlife-vehicle accidents result in substantial personal, environmental and economic losses, including human injuries, fatalities, loss of wildlife, and vehicle damage. In British Columbia, about 16,000 such collisions occur annually, including unreported cases. This typically results in two to three human deaths (Sielecki 2001) and claims to the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia (ICBC) of over CDN$25 million, excluding "swerved-to-miss" accidents. As Farrell (2002) notes, the problems associated with wildlife-vehicle collisions are global, pervasive and increasing, yet most of the literature suggests that many mitigation techniques have limited utility because they are ineffective at reducing collisions or have large impacts on natural wildlife movements. The Wildlife Protection System (WPS) is designed to use infrared cameras to detect wildlife on or near highways. When wildlife is detected, flashing lights are triggered, warning drivers to reduce speed and anticipate wildlife on the roadway. The objectives of this project are to: (1) determine the ability of the WPS to detect wildlife and warn motorists; (2) determine the speed response of drivers to wildlife-activated warning lights; and (3) document wildlife behavior near highways using 24-hour infrared video footage in order to develop more effective wildlife collision mitigation strategies. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal behavior KW - British Columbia KW - Crash injuries KW - Deer KW - Fatalities KW - Infrared imagery KW - Protection KW - Road kill KW - Technological innovations KW - Warning devices KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03AnimalVehicleCollision.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688300 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969095 AU - Carey, M AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - BRIDGES AND WILDLIFE: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS PY - 2003 SP - 2p AB - The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) owns over 3,000 steel and concrete bridges, many of which are occupied by wildlife. Species documented occupying bridges range from birds of prey, such as ospreys, peregrines and owls, to mammals such as raccoons, bats and bushy tailed wood rats. While the bridges are playing an important role in providing habitat for wildlife, their presence can also lead to costly project delays. The objective of this project is to develop a comprehensive approach to managing wildlife issues on bridges that will allow WSDOT to manage the bridges for wildlife where appropriate, and to address the regulatory issues that must be addressed for projects to proceed smoothly. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal behavior KW - Animals KW - Bird pests KW - Bridges KW - Concrete bridges KW - Project management KW - Rats KW - Regulations KW - Steel structures KW - Time lag KW - Washington (State) KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Mammals.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688302 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969102 AU - Simek, S L AU - Eason, T H AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - USING GENETICS TO STUDY ROAD IMPACTS ON BEARS IN FLORIDA PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) has documented an increase in the number of transportation-related bear deaths (roadkill) since the late 1970's. In addition to impacts on bear populations, vehicle collisions with bears often are traumatic for the people involved and may cause significant collateral damage and personal injury. For these reasons, and because of the lack of definitive information on the subject, the FWC partnered with the Florida Department of Transportation to design a project that would quantify the impacts of roadkill on bear populations in Florida. The study design incorporates two main features: population size enumeration and range delineation for bears in six core areas across Florida. As genetic analyses have improved and laboratory costs decreased, DNA techniques have been used for a wide variety of studies on bears. The methodology involves sampling bears via hairs left on barbed wire strands surrounding bait sites (hair snare) randomly placed in a systematic grid across each study area. Then derive population abundance estimates by using individual identification from the DNA analysis within a mark-recapture framework. Core and peripheral bear range across Florida will both be determined. Core bear range is defined as that which contains breeding females and peripheral range as that which contains bear signs but no evidence of breeding females. Using an estimate of minimum patch size needed for bears, the entire state was sectioned into 10,000-acre blocks to determine whether bears are present or absent in each block. Local residents were polled and area biologists to help ascertain areas occupied by bears. The densities derived from the mark-recapture abundance estimates to the entire area of core bear range within each of the six areas were extrapolated. The final product will be a detailed range map and corresponding population estimate for each of the core populations. The impacts of roads within each core population and across the state by determining the proportion of roadkill in relation to abundance estimates derived from the DNA analysis were calculated. The numbers generated from this analysis will be compared to literature and published data on sustainable mortality rates for black bears. The relationship between roadkill, road density, traffic volume, and estimated abundance for trends in these parameters were examined and documented. The areas of significant impact and, if necessary, make recommendations on how to improve the relationship between roads and black bears in these areas were identified. Lastly, the updated bear range maps for signs of fragmentation and isolation related to roads were examined. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Density KW - Fences KW - Florida KW - Genetics KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Laboratory studies KW - Mammals KW - Methodology KW - Population KW - Road kill KW - Roads KW - Traffic volume KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Mammals.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688317 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969078 AU - Mata, Carmen AU - Hervs, I AU - Herranz, J AU - Surez, F AU - Malo, J E AU - Cachn, J AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF WILDLIFE CROSSING STRUCTURES AND ADAPTED CULVERTS IN A HIGHWAY IN NORTHWEST SPAIN PY - 2003 SP - 11p AB - An intensive monitoring was carried out between June and September 2002 in different passage types across a highway in Northwest Spain in order to determine their use by terrestrial vertebrates. We used marble dust-beds to get footprints and a complementary photographic system to identify species which cannot be distinguished by tracks. Footprint data (820 passage-days) were collected from 82 passage structures (33 circular culverts, 10 adapted culverts, 14 wide underpasses, 7 wildlife underpasses, 16 overpasses and 2 ecoducts). The number of recorded vertebrates was high (1,424 tracks, 78.8% wildlife, and 21.2% related to human activity; and 490 photographic contacts, 54.3% and 45.7% respectively). Small mammals (mice, voles and shrews) used the passageways most frequently (414 tracks), followed by lagomorphs (Iberian hare, Lepus granatensis, and rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, N= 158), canids (Canis familiaris and C. lupus, N = 142), fox (Vulpes vulpes, N= 137) and lacertids (Lacerta spp. and Podarcis spp., N= 73). Underpasses and non-wildlife-engineered overpasses were the most used structures. Differences were found in the selection of crossing structures by the two lagomorphs, hares selecting wildlife underpasses while rabbits did not show a significative preference. Anurans and ophidians (Fam. Colubridae and Viperidae) showed a clear preference for adapted culverts, avoiding overpasses. Lacertids and small mammals crossed most frequently through circular culverts, but generally used all passage types. Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) and Badger (Meles meles) always selected highway underpasses while small mustelids (Mustela nivalis plus M. erminea) used culverts exclusively. Finally, foxes used all types of crossing structures, showing a preference for wide underpasses. Red deer (Cervus elaphus) were found to use wide passages under or above the road, and more frequently ecoducts, but roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) were never detected in crossing structures though very abundant in the area. Four recommendations arise from the study: (1) as a differential use among animal species has been found, it is necessary to keep several crossing structure types; (2) functional structures of the motorway (non-wildlife-engineered) play an important role in the permeability of the road, and their adaptation for wildlife enhances their use by some taxa. Thus, the adaptation of structures related to human activity plays a key role in the achievement of the best solution from a benefit-to-cost point of view.; (3) The set of passageways necessary to mitigate the barrier effect suffered by a known mammal community can be established taking into account the animal sizes and the wideness and relative position of crossing structures to the road (over vs. under); however ,(4) it seems that some species may not cross through structures up to 20m wide, and thus some of the passageways should be wider (in the form of tunnels and/or viaducts). U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal migrations KW - Animals KW - Crossovers KW - Crosswalks KW - Culverts KW - Data collection KW - Highways KW - Rabbits KW - Spain KW - Underpasses KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03MonitoringofStructures.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688264 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969088 AU - Gunson, K E AU - Chruszcz, B AU - Clevenger, A P AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LARGE ANIMAL-VEHICLE COLLISIONS IN THE CENTRAL CANADIAN ROCKY MOUNTAINS: PATTERNS AND CHARACTERISTICS PY - 2003 SP - 11p AB - The trends of increasing traffic volumes and road densities will only magnify the already adverse effects roads have on large mammals and other vertebrates. Development of practical highway mitigation will rely on an understanding of patterns and processes that result from highway accidents, which involve elk Cervus elaphus and other large animals. This paper specifically address three areas relating to the patterns and characteristics of large-animal vehicle collisions on different road-types in the Central Canadian Rocky Mountains. First, it investigates the spatial error associated with reported wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs). Second, it looks at the demographic and temporal patterns of elk and wildlife-vehicle collisions on different road-types. Finally, the type of vehicles involved in WVCs and what conditions contribute to injury-related accidents are investigated. The paper found that the average reporting error from park wardens, highway maintenance contractors and from Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) data ranged from 300m-2000m. The sex ratio of elk-vehicle collisions (EVCs) was significantly different from that found in the population, and highly skewed towards greater male mortality during the 15-year period. The age ratio of EVCs was highly skewed towards greater subadult mortality. No difference in marrow fat content between highway and railway killed elk were found, but both had higher fat content than predator-killed elk. EVCs were significantly higher on the Trans-Canada Highway (TCH) in the province, which had the highest traffic volumes. The TCH in Banff National Park (BNP) had a significantly higher rate of EVCs than the secondary highway (93S) in Kootenay National Park. EVCs declined over time on the unmitigated section of TCH in BNP and on highway 93S, even though traffic volumes were increasing. The paper found that local elk abundance was decreasing and was the driving force in EVC rates; however, traffic volume determined the rate of EVCs on different road types. WVCs occur more often than expected at dusk and night periods and on weekends. Injury-related WVCs are more likely to occur in dry conditions than in slush, snow or icy conditions. Injury-related WVCs are more likely to occur with smaller vehicles than in larger vehicles. Further, larger vehicles were involved in more WVCs than expected on two of our road-types. In conclusion, spatial road-kill data can aid in determining location of mitigation measures, e.g., wildlife signage and crossing structures. Patterns of WVCs can be valuable in devising mitigation based on specific hour of day or season when collision frequencies are highest, and what individuals within a population are most susceptible to road-kills. Factors contributing to WVCs, such as traffic volumes and elk abundance, can help managers predict long-term viability of wildlife populations with incurring road mortality. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animals KW - Canada KW - Crashes KW - Highway safety KW - Mammals KW - Rocky Mountains KW - Traffic volume KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03AnimalVehicleCollision.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688287 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969089 AU - Kline, N C AU - Swann, D E AU - Pokorny, M AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR ESTIMATING WILDLIFE MORTALITY ON ROADS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - In an attempt to understand the effects that roads were having on wildlife in Saguaro National Park, weekly wildlife mortality surveys were conducted from 1994-1999. From weekly surveys, and additional data collected, a mathematical model was developed to estimate the average annual number of animals killed on roads in and adjacent to the Park. This model accounts for variables (i.e., observer error, scavenging, episodic events, and taxonomic differences in activity periods) that we knew existed and affected the interpretation of our weekly survey data. It is believed that the model is broadly applicable given certain classes of data. The model is very conservative in that effects not captured by the data or not included in the model (such as animals that are hit, but killed off the road) would tend to increase the total mortality figures. Similarly, estimates of model parameters based on the data also tend to lower the mortality estimate. Nevertheless, the model more than doubled previous estimates of annual roadkill in the Park. Based on this model, it is estimated that about 51,000 animals are killed annually on the 50 miles of roads that lie in or adjacent to both districts of Saguaro National Park, including about 17,000 amphibians, 27,000 reptiles, 1,000 birds and 6,000 mammals. The implication of these numbers to local wildlife populations varies, but some species (i.e., the Colorado River toad) appear to be impacted at a population level. Along with spatial analysis of the data, these figures enabled locations to be identified and types of mitigation that might be most useful to wildlife in the Park. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Amphibians KW - Animal migrations KW - Animals KW - Birds KW - Colorado KW - Data collection KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mammals KW - Mathematical models KW - Road kill KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03AnimalVehicleCollision.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688289 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969092 AU - Bertwistle, J AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RESEARCH INTO WILDLIFE/VEHICLE COLLISIONS IN JASPER NATIONAL PARK PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - Wildlife collisions with vehicles and trains in the Jasper National Park, Alberta are examined in this paper. The database used in this research is one of the largest and most complete wildlife/collision databases in North America. Over 4,000 wildlife collisions from 1951 to 2002 have been documented. The main species examined were elk, bighorn sheep, mule deer, moose, white-tailed deer, coyotes, wolves, black bear and grizzly bear. This level and detail of information is critical in designing mitigation solutions to reduce wildlife collisions. There are a variety of variables that influence collision rates ranging from age class, sex, type of wildlife, vehicle volumes, vehicle type, season, time of day and transportation category. From 1980 to 1999, collisions with wildlife averaged 149 large animals per year. For some species these collision rates are both statistically and biologically significant. In addition, collisions on highways and the railway affect both local and regional wildlife populations. Using collision data as indicators of wildlife composition adjacent to transportation corridors shows changes have occurred in the wildlife composition adjacent to transportation corridors. Additional research includes an updated assessment of the effect of reduced speed zones in reducing wildlife collisions and an assessment of Strieter Lite Reflectors. Reduced speed zones reduced the rate of collisions with elk and other wildlife but had a negligible affect on reducing bighorn sheep collisions. An analysis of Strieter Lite Reflectors is in preparation. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Alberta KW - Canada KW - Crash analysis KW - Crashes KW - Databases KW - Deer KW - National parks KW - Traffic volume KW - Transportation planning KW - Vehicles KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03AnimalVehicleCollision.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688296 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969093 AU - Knapp, K K AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - RESULTS OF RECENT DEER-VEHICLE CRASH INFORMATION CLEARINGHOUSE ACTIVITIES PY - 2003 SP - 4p AB - Deer-vehicle crashes (DVCs) are a significant problem in many areas of the United States. Approximately two years ago the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) funded a regional deer-vehicle crash information clearinghouse (DVCIC). Representatives from the WisDOT and the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) of five states in the Upper Midwest (i.e., Michigan, Minnesota, Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin) are involved with the clearinghouse project. During the last two years, clearinghouse staff have worked on several tasks related to DVCs. This paper briefly summarizes the current status of the key results from these ongoing tasks. First, a DVC countermeasure toolbox document is nearing completion. The primary objective of the toolbox is to provide a resource with enough detail that can assist professionals with their decisions related to the mitigation of DVCs. Published research, if available, for a number of DVC countermeasures is summarized in the toolbox document. Draft versions of five countermeasure summaries (two ongoing) are described in the paper. Second, DNR and DOT representatives from the region were interviewed about their collection and estimation methods related to vehicle travel, reported DVCs, and deer population data. The purpose of this survey was to determine and define the similarities and differences of these databases. The results will impact the usefulness of any regional data summaries that are completed. A short summary of some key preliminary results from that survey is included. Third, two graduate students that worked for the clearinghouse recently completed their master's degree theses. The results of their work are currently being finalized and summarized, and their general conclusions are briefly summarized in this paper. The subject areas of their work included the development of prediction model(s) for DVCs in Wisconsin counties, and the analysis of DVC patterns in the vicinity of existing deer crossing signs. The latter project also included some suggested guidance for the placement of deer crossing signs. Other ongoing tasks of the clearinghouse staff include the development of a document summarizing gaps in DVC countermeasure research and some suggested criteria or standards for DVC crash reduction research. The creation of a deer, vehicle, and DVC data summary for the five-state region is also ongoing. The objective of the DVC information clearinghouse and its activities are to provide information about DVCs that help better describe the problem. The DVCIC also assists professionals in their DVC mitigation decisions. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal migrations KW - Animals KW - Countermeasures KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Deer KW - Information dissemination KW - Road kill KW - Vehicles KW - Wildlife KW - Wisconsin UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03AnimalVehicleCollision.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688298 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969084 AU - Servheen, C AU - Shoemaker, R AU - Lawrence, L AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - A SAMPLING OF WILDLIFE USE IN RELATION TO STRUCTURE VARIABLES FOR BRIDGES AND CULVERTS UNDER I-90 BETWEEN ALBERTON AND ST. REGIS, MONTANA PY - 2003 SP - 10p AB - Habitat fragmentation, habitat loss, and human caused mortality are the major factors contributing to wildlife decline throughout the world. High-speed, heavily-used highways can divide formerly contiguous blocks of habitat and isolate wildlife populations. Underpasses and culverts have the potential to mitigate the negative impacts of roads on wildlife populations by maintaining connectivity between wildlife populations and decreasing wildlife collisions with vehicles. Using heat and motion sensitive cameras, we monitored seven underpasses and three culverts for ten months along Interstate 90 in western Montana. We documented the type and frequency of wildlife use and compared the level of use to variables associated with the structures. Wildlife use was most frequent at underpasses and limited in culverts. Ungulates were the primary users of underpasses with limited use by medium and large carnivores. We found no significant relationships between wildlife use and structural variables. This is partly due to a small sample size but could be the result of animals using structures opportunistically. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal migrations KW - Bridges KW - Carnivores KW - Crashes KW - Culvert inlets KW - Environment KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Montana KW - Underpasses KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03MonitoringofStructures.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688277 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969090 AU - Huijser, M P AU - McGowen, P T AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - OVERVIEW OF ANIMAL DETECTION AND ANIMAL WARNING SYSTEMS IN NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE PY - 2003 SP - 14p AB - The objective of animal detection and animal warning systems is to prevent or reduce the number of animal-vehicle collisions. These systems are specifically aimed at large animals (e.g., ungulates) that can cause human death, injury and property damage. Animal detection systems detect large animals before they enter the road and then warn drivers that a large animal is on or near the road at that time. Animal warning systems detect vehicles and then warn the animals through a variety of audio and visual signals. This paper lists all animal detection and animal warning systems known to the authors in September 2003. It identified 27 locations where systems are or have been in place in North America and Europe. In addition, the paper identified 20 sites for which an animal detection or animal warning systems are planned. The main characteristics of the systems are explained and reviewed them with respect to operation and maintenance. The paper concludes that animal detection and animal warning systems have the potential to be an effective mitigation tool. However, further research and development is needed before they can be applied on a wide scale. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animal migrations KW - Animals KW - Crashes KW - Detection and identification KW - Europe KW - Fatalities KW - North America KW - Road kill KW - Warning systems KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03AnimalVehicleCollision.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688291 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969098 AU - Graves, T A AU - Farley, S AU - Servheen, C AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - FREQUENCY AND DISTRIBUTION OF HIGHWAY CROSSINGS BY KENAI PENINSULA BROWN BEARS PY - 2003 SP - 1p AB - Highway construction and expansion through bear habitat can negatively affect brown bear populations. Highway structures can decrease habitat availability through habitat loss and restricted access, roads often displace animals and cause re-direction of natural movements, and highways can act as barriers to decrease gene flow. Lastly, highway traffic can cause direct bear and human mortality through car-animal collisions. The spatial and temporal distribution of brown bear crossings of the Sterling and Seward Highways on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska are examined in this paper. Data were collected between 1995 and 2001 as part of an ongoing population study. Random walking bears were created within each bear's home range and compared the geographic distribution of each bear's highway crossing locations to the random crossing locations to assess whether the number and pattern of crossing locations were different than expected. An information theoretic approach comparing logistic regression models was used to determine if traffic volume, distance to cover across the highway, road density, and distance to the closest stream crossing were related to locations bears crossed the highway. A second analyses was conducted which compared the models based on the temporal factors of daylight versus darkness, mean bear movement per hour, and traffic volume. Most bears crossed the highway less frequently than expected. While locations where bears crossed the highway were clustered, none of the spatial models tested strongly explained the observed clustering. Bears were more likely to cross the highway during nighttime. Additional research will be necessary to identify the cues bears use to choose locations to cross the highway. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animals KW - Construction KW - Crashes KW - Crossovers KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Highways KW - Nighttime crashes KW - Road kill KW - Vehicles KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Mammals.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688309 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969097 AU - Bjurlin, C D AU - Cypher, B L AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - EFFECTS OF ROADS ON SAN JOAQUIN KIT FOXES: A REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS OF EXISTING DATA PY - 2003 SP - 9p AB - Roads have a variety of adverse impacts on wildlife populations and can seriously impact rare species. Numerous roads are present throughout the range of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica), and many more are planned. This paper reviewed existing literature and data to assess potential impacts from roads on kit fox conservation and recovery. In addition, mitigation strategies along with their potential benefits were discussed. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animals KW - Conservation KW - Data collection KW - Environmental impacts KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Impact studies KW - Roads KW - Syntheses KW - Wildlife UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688306 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00969100 AU - Ouren, D S AU - Garrott, R A AU - Watts, R D AU - Lukins, W J AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE IMPACTS OF INTENSITY OF HUMAN USE ON GRIZZLY BEAR HABITAT SELECTION PY - 2003 SP - 2p AB - One of the major challenges to grizzly bear preservation in the greater Yellowstone area is the impact on grizzly bear habitat selection by various types and intensities of human activities. The most prevalent of these human activities is the presence and intensity of use of motorized transportation systems. These transportation systems provide increased access into grizzly bear habitat and thus increase the risk of mortality and dilute the effectiveness of their habitat. Results of recent studies have found that 63 percent of 43 grizzly bear mortalities on the Rocky Mountain front occurred within 1km of the nearest road. The Grizzly Bear Conservation Strategy Plan, a document developed for the management of grizzly bears, identifies the impact of motorized transportations systems as one of the key factors in the management of grizzly bear habitat. Metrics have been defined in the plan, including road densities, associated with motorized transportation systems and their use to monitor the effectiveness and change in grizzly bear habitat use. Even though there is a great deal of interest in the impacts of motorized transportation systems and their impact on the grizzly bear habitat, there has been little research conducted to address this question in the Greater Yellowstone area. Most of the work that has been done in the Greater Yellowstone area has focused on Yellowstone National Park where road use is tightly controlled and firearms are not allowed. Areas managed for multiple use activities outside of Yellowstone National Park where road use has fewer restrictions and firearms are allowed have received little attention. The objective of this paper is to look at the effect of two metrics of human use and their association with grizzly bear habitat selection. U1 - 2003 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation (ICOET 2003)Federal Highway AdministrationUSDA Forest ServiceU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyNew York State Department of TransportationWashington State Department of TransportationFlorida Department of TransportationAmerican Association of State Highway & Transportation OfficialsTransportation Research BoardThe Humane Society of the United StatesDefenders of WildlifeWestern Transportation InstituteNorth Carolina State University, RaleighLake Placid,New York,United States StartDate:20090824 EndDate:20090829 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, Transportation Research Board, The Humane Society of the United States, Defenders of Wildlife, Western Transportation Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KW - Animals KW - Density KW - Firearms KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Human beings KW - Impacts KW - Motor vehicle operations KW - National parks KW - Transportation planning KW - Wildlife UR - http://www.icoet.net/downloads/03Mammals.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/688313 ER -