TY - RPRT
AN - 00977156
AU - Mogawer, W S
AU - Cordeiro, P L
AU - Austerman, M G
AU - Fung, C
AU - Perlov, N
AU - University of Massachusetts, Amherst
AU - Massachusetts Highway Department
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - PHASE I: IMPLEMENTATION OF SUPERPAVE IN MASSACHUSETTS
PY - 2000/12/31
SP - 139 p.
AB - The purpose of the research project presented herein was to assist and contribute to the overall Implementation Plan of Superpave in Massachusetts. The research project consisted of several components: 1) Assist with the mix designs of pilot projects, 2) Define what Performance Grade Binder should be used at different regions in Massachusetts, 3) Train state and industry engineers and technicians with the Superpave technology, 4) Develop a moisture damage test that more closely simulates the weather conditions of Massachusetts, 5) Verify the plant produced mixtures for adherence to specifications, and 6) Develop a new mix design for Open Graded Friction Course using a Superpave Gyratory Compactor. Four Superpave mixtures (SSC-9.5mm, SSC-12.5mm, SSC-19mm, SIC-25mm) and two control mixtures (Modified Top Course and Top Course) were developed. The Federal Highway Administration demonstration laboratory and the contractor verified that these mixtures met volumetric requirements of Superpave and were used in constructing the first pilot project. The mixtures for the control sections were designed in compliance with the Massachusetts Specifications for Highway and Bridges. Construction at the pilot project location started on August 22, 2000 and ended on October 20, 2000. The placement of the Superpave mixtures was comparable to that of the control mixtures. The Superpave mixtures will continue to be monitored for the next five years to evaluate their performance in comparison to the performance of the control mixtures. Moisture sensitivity (AASHTO T-283 and a proposed method) and Resilient Modulus (AASHTO TP31-96) testing were performed on Superpave and control mixtures.
KW - Compliance
KW - Friction course
KW - Gyratory testing machines
KW - Implementation
KW - Massachusetts
KW - Mix design
KW - Modulus of resilience
KW - Moisture damage
KW - Moisture sensitivity
KW - Monitoring
KW - Performance
KW - Pilot studies
KW - Specifications
KW - Superpave
KW - Training
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/703230
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00814108
AU - Badie, S S
AU - Tadros, M K
AU - University of Nebraska, Omaha
AU - Nebraska Department of Roads
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - I-GIRDER/DECK CONNECTION FOR EFFICIENT DECK REPLACEMENT
PY - 2000/12/31
SP - 137 p.
AB - Efficient replacement of bridge decks is becoming increasingly important in high traffic areas due to public intolerance to extended bridge closure. Rehabilitation of deteriorated decks causes public inconvenience, travel delay, and economic hardship. Maintaining traffic flow during bridge deck repair is often difficult and requires extensive planning and coordination. Demolition of bridge deck that is compositely connected with either structural steel I-girders or precast concrete I-girders is one of the major items in deck replacement. This is very time consuming because removing concrete around shear connectors takes time and care to avoid damage to the girders. The objective of this research is to implement two new connection systems that were developed in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) project 12-41, one system for steel girder/concrete deck connection and the other for concrete girder/concrete deck connection. For steel girder/concrete deck connection, a new large 31.8 mm (1 1/4 in.) diameter shear stud is used to replace popular 19.1 mm (3.4 in.) and 22.2 mm (7/8 in.) shear studs. Using the 31.8 mm (1 1/4 in.) studs results in higher construction speed and enhancement of deck removal. For concrete girders, a new debonded shear key system is used to replace the conventional roughened interface system. Shear friction theory is adopted to develop a design procedure for this new connection. Extensive tests and field implementation showed that the new shear key system has comparable structural behavior with the conventional roughened interface system.
KW - Bridge decks
KW - Concrete
KW - Demolition
KW - Girders
KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW - Shear keys
KW - Steel
KW - Stud connectors
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18100/18187/PB2001107385.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681471
ER -
TY - JOUR
AN - 00812532
JO - Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research
PB - Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research
AU - Shinozuka, M
AU - Saxena, V
AU - Deodatis, G
AU - Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research
AU - Princeton University
AU - Federal Highway Administration
AU - Seismic Systems and Engineering Consultants
TI - EFFECT OF SPATIAL VARIATION OF GROUND MOTION ON HIGHWAY STRUCTURES
PY - 2000/12/31
SP - 265 p.
AB - The objectives of this study were to estimate the effect of spatial variability of ground motion on the seismic response of highway bridges and to provide guidelines for the seismic analysis and design of such structures to account for this effect. To accomplish these objectives, a methodology was developed to generate spatially varying ground motion time histories at the different supports of a bridge. Spatial variability of seismic ground motion can be mainly attributed to the following three mechanisms: 1) difference in arrival times of seismic waves at different locations, commonly known as the "wave passage effect"; 2) loss of coherence of seismic waves due to multiple reflections and refractions as they propagate through the highly inhomogeneous soil medium, referred to as the "incoherence effect"; and 3) change in the amplitude and frequency content of seismic ground motion due to different local soil conditions, known as the "local soil effect". The "wave passage effect" is characterized by the apparent velocity of wave propagation, the "incoherence effect" is characterized by the so-called coherence function, while the "local soil effect" is characterized by defining different response (or power) spectra at different locations corresponding to their local soil conditions. The methodology that was developed in this study to generate spatially varying seismic ground motion time histories at different locations reflects all three of these effects. A set of representative highway bridges was then selected to be analyzed using identical support ground motions and differential (asynchronous) support ground motions, in order to estimate the effect of spatial variability of seismic ground motion. Extensive preliminary as well as rigorous sensitivity analyses were performed using a large variety of different spatially varying ground motions. A Monte Carlo simulation approach was followed throughout. Based mainly on the general conclusions of the analyses performed in this study, and taking into account the observations and conclusions of other researchers' work, the following guidelines are proposed for the analysis and design of highway bridges to account for the spatial variation of seismic ground motion: (I) For bridges that are less than approximately 1,000 to 1,500 ft in total length, and have all their supports on the same local soil conditions, it is recommended that they be analyzed and designed using currently available seismic design practices; and (II) For bridges that are more than approximately 1,000 to 1,500 ft in total length, or bridges of any length that have supports on different local soil conditions, it is recommended (a) to perform time history dynamic analyses for design purposes, involving response spectrum compatible asynchronous support ground motion time histories reflecting the different local soil conditions, wave propagation and loss of coherence effects and (b) to consider a minimum of 20 time history analyses of the bridge to get a reliable estimate of the peak response that will be used for design purposes.
KW - Earthquake resistant design
KW - Ground motion time histories
KW - Highway bridges
KW - Monte Carlo method
KW - Seismicity
KW - Sensitivity analysis
KW - Simulation
KW - Spatial variability
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686792
ER -
TY - JOUR
AN - 00812533
JO - Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research
PB - Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research
AU - Werner, S D
AU - Taylor, C E
AU - Moore, J E
AU - Walton, J S
AU - Cho, Soojin
AU - Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research
AU - Princeton University
AU - Federal Highway Administration
AU - Seismic Systems and Engineering Consultants
TI - A RISK-BASED METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF HIGHWAY SYSTEMS
PY - 2000/12/31
SP - 287 p.
AB - The Seismic Risk Assessment (SRA) methodology described in this report incorporates data and models for seismology and geology, engineering (structural, geotechnical, and transportation), repair and reconstruction, system analysis, and economics, in order to estimate system-wide direct losses (i.e., costs for repair of damaged highway components) as well as indirect losses due to reduced traffic flows, increased travel times, and associated economic impacts of earthquake damage to the highway system. The report is presented in eight chapters and eight appendices. The eight chapters provide the basic framework and a demonstration application of the SRA methodology and its modules. Chapter 1 provides an introduction, Chapter 2 summarizes the main elements of the methodology, and Chapters 3 through 6 describe its system, hazards, component, and economic modules, respectively. A demonstration application of the SRA methodology to the Shelby County, Tennessee highway system is provided in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 provides concluding comments and recommended directions for further development of this methodology. The eight appendices provide additional technical detail on the material contained in the report.
KW - Bridges
KW - Case studies
KW - Earthquakes
KW - Economic impacts
KW - Highways
KW - Loss and damage
KW - Methodology
KW - Risk assessment
KW - Shelby County (Tennessee)
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686793
ER -
TY - JOUR
AN - 00812531
JO - Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research
PB - Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research
AU - Vlassis, A G
AU - Maragakis, E M
AU - Saiidi, M S
AU - Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research
AU - University of Nevada, Reno
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF BRIDGE RESTRAINERS
PY - 2000/12/30
SP - 161 p.
AB - The 1971 San Fernando Earthquake showed that many highway bridges are vulnerable to collapse due to excessive longitudinal movements at expansion joints and supports. The California Department of Transportation has since initiated a retrofit scheme, which includes tying bridge spans together with restrainers at their hinges. This experimental study investigates the impact between adjacent bridge spans at in-span hinges, evaluates the efficacy of restrainers in reducing relative displacements across the hinges and examines the effects of restrainer stiffness and gap on the response of the hinge-restrainer system. A specimen consisting of two box girder reinforced concrete blocks representing the adjacent spans of a reference bridge at in-span hinge was constructed and tested under incrementally increasing worst case scenario input excitation. The blocks were supported by elastomeric bearings simulating the stiffness of the substructure. Cable restrainers were used to connect the two blocks, the number and gap of which were varied during the experiments. Experimental results indicated that impacts between the adjacent frames produce acceleration levels significantly higher than what is typically assumed in design. Restrainers were capable of reducing hinge relative displacements and preventing span unseating. However, restrainer yielding occurred under strong input motions, especially when the restrainer gap was set to zero. Only pounding at the hinge location was included in this study, while pounding elsewhere in the superstructure as well as the detailed response behavior of substructure elements were neglected.
KW - Cables
KW - Dislocation (Geology)
KW - Earthquake resistant design
KW - Expansion joints
KW - Highway bridges
KW - Hinges
KW - Laboratory tests
KW - Restrainers (Bridges)
KW - Retrofitting
KW - Seismic vulnerability
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686789
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00938079
AU - Federal Highway Administration
AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories
TI - PERSONAL TRAVEL UNIT (PTU) DEVELOPMENT AND INITIAL TESTING
PY - 2000/12/29
SP - 35 p.
AB - The Federal Highway Administration has been conducting research on incorporating Global Positioning System (GPS) data (i.e., location and speed) as part of travel survey data since 1995. This report describes a research project to develop a small, lightweight person-based data collection device including GPS data that will allow recording of walk, bike, and other trips that do not involve using a motor vehicle. The biggest motivations to incorporate GPS data into household travel surveys are to improve data quality and to reduce respondent burden during the survey process. This research was spurred by the fact that GPS receivers and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs, or hand-held computers) are becoming more affordable and more commonly used. GPS combined with PDAs offer the opportunity to capture accurate time, location, route choice, and travel speed, while simultaneously reducing the amount of time an individual spends completing a travel activity survey. U.S. statistics indicate that the average distances in 1990 were 0.6 miles for walk trips and 2.0 miles for bicycle trips. Average trip times are on the order of 10 to 15 minutes, assuming an average walking speed of 3 miles per hour and bicycle speed of 10 miles per hour. Respondent burden and acceptance during walk and bike trips is of critical importance and is reflected primarily in the weight and size of the data collection unit.
KW - Bicycling
KW - Distance
KW - Global Positioning System
KW - Location
KW - Nonmotorized transportation
KW - Personal digital assistants
KW - Personal travel units
KW - Route choice
KW - Speed
KW - Time
KW - Travel surveys
KW - Walking
UR - http://wwwcf.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/ptureport/ptufinalreport_v3.htm
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730457
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00815861
AU - McKenna, C K
AU - Yost, B
AU - Munzenrider, R F
AU - Young, M L
AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park
AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - AN EVALUATION OF DRIVER EDUCATION IN PENNSYLVANIA
PY - 2000/12/12
SP - 235 p.
AB - The problem of young driver safety prompted the formation of The Driver's Education Task Force. This Task Force identified rates of young-driver crashes and young-driver traffic convictions as reasonable measures of the effectiveness of Driver Education. Driver Education Instructors also identified lower rates of crashes and convictions as one mark of the success of Driver Education. The research based on Pennsylvania data found the following: no lower crash rate, no lower conviction rate, no demonstrated change in seat belt use, no lower rate of risk-taking behaviors and no lower rate of crash severity or injuries. Typical characteristics of Driver Education in other states include the following: Departments of Education administer Driver Education for the Public Schools; There is a movement toward graduated licensing; There is no state subsidy in 30 states; There is Certification but no Re-certification of Driver Education Instructors; The typical program has 30 classroom hours and 6 behind-the-wheel hours; and Few states have undertaken research to test the effectiveness of Driver Education.
KW - Administration
KW - Benefit cost analysis
KW - Certification
KW - Crash rates
KW - Crash severity
KW - Driver education
KW - Evaluation and assessment
KW - Financing
KW - Graduated licensing
KW - Injury rates
KW - Instructors
KW - Pennsylvania
KW - Risk taking
KW - Seat belts
KW - Teenage drivers
KW - Traffic conviction
KW - Utilization
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690542
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00930663
AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - HERS/ST HIGHWAY ECONOMIC REQUIREMENTS SYSTEM/STATE VERSION USER'S GUIDE
PY - 2000/12/11
SP - v.p.
AB - The Highway Economic Requirements System (HERS) is a computer model designed to analyze the effects of alternative funding levels of highway performance. To achieve this end, HERS uses data describing an extensive sample of sections of the Nation's highway system contained in the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) as the basis for analyses of the benefits and costs of alternative improvements. This HERS/ST Users Guide is to be used in combination with HERS/Users Guide (Volume III), together these volumes are designed to provide all information necessary to run HERS/ST. This Users Guide also supplements the HERS Technical Report (Volume IV) by providing technical documentation of analytical features that are unique to HERS/ST. In this HERS/ST Users Guide, Volumes III and IV of the National HERS system will be referred to as "the HERS Users Guide" and 'the Hers Technical Report".
KW - Alternatives analysis
KW - Benefits
KW - Computer models
KW - Costs
KW - Financing
KW - Guidelines
KW - Highway maintenance
KW - Highways
KW - Improvements
KW - Monitoring
KW - Performance evaluations
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719865
ER -
TY - ABST
AN - 01459499
TI - Quality and Accuracy of Positional Data in Transportation
AB - The objectives of this research are to: (1) identify the positional- data quality needs for common transportation applications; (2) document the effectiveness of various techniques for establishing spatial positions; (3) develop methodologies for assessing the impacts of positional-data accuracy in transformations between measurement techniques and spatial referencing systems; and (4) package the findings into materials that can be readily implemented by DOT personnel.
KW - Dynamic positioning
KW - National Cooperative Highway Research Program
KW - Research projects
KW - Traffic distribution
KW - Transportation engineering
UR - http://apps.trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=591
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227712
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 01457220
AU - LUKANEN, ERLAND O
AU - Kruse, Cameron G
AU - Braun Intertec Corporation
AU - South Dakota Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - Optimization of Recycled Asphalt Concrete and Base Materials For Bases of New Asphalt Concrete Pavements
PY - 2000/12//Final Report
SP - 155p
AB - Asphalt pavement rehabilitation techniques used in South Dakota include the process of reclaiming the existing asphalt, and a part of the underlying aggregate base, for use as a new aggregate base material. The reclamation process is often called Process in Place (PIP). The use of millings as an unbound base, termed salvage for this report, was also evaluated. The South Dakota Department of Transportation has experienced some problems with PIP, either during construction or poor performance once the project is in service. This research was to evaluate the performance of PIP, both during and after construction. The research included a literature search, interviews, the evaluation of 10 sections selected from existing projects that used reclaimed asphalt in the base, and the construction of test sections using three reclaimed asphalt to aggregate blend ratio, three construction processes, and two compaction efforts. In addition, laboratory tests were conducted to identify properties that may be unique to reclaimed asphalt. Reclaimed asphalt does relax, or consolidate with time, which can reduce its structural capacity, and/or contribute to rutting. PIP was found to be a valuable alternative to use for the rehabilitation of asphalt pavements. The reclaimed material, as used in PIP, provides less structural support than aggregate base. Limited the asphalt content and densification during construction are keys to satisfactory performance.. PIP was found to be able to bridge very soft subgrade conditions that other forms of construction such as the salvage process, would have problems with.
KW - Asphalt concrete pavements
KW - Base course (Pavements)
KW - In-place recycling
KW - Optimization
KW - Recycled materials
KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW - South Dakota
UR - http://www.sddot.com/business/research/projects/docs/SD1997_03_Final_Report.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1225435
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 01160034
AU - Balaguru, P N
AU - Bhatt, Dharm
AU - Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation
AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TI - Rapid Hardening Concrete
PY - 2000/12//Final Report
SP - 28p
AB - Results of an experimental investigation on the properties of rapid hardening concrete are reported. Six potential cements that can develop 2000 lbf/in² in 3 hours and workable duration of about 20 minutes were selected based on an extensive literature search. Preliminary strength and workability tests were conducted for these six selected cements. Based on the results of the preliminary investigation, three cements were selected for further investigation. The variables evaluated were: (i) cement type, (ii) cement content, (iii) water – cement ratio, (iv) use of latex, (v) influence of retarding admixture, and (vi) ambient temperature. The response variables were: (i) strength gain with time, (ii) slump loss with time, (iii) workability under vibration, (iv) plastic and drying shrinkage, and (v) relationship between compressive strength and modulus of rupture. The following are the major findings. 1) It is possible to formulate a workable concrete that can provide 2000 lbf/in² compressive strength in 3 hours. 2) A modulus of rupture of 350 lbf/in² can be easily achieved at 3 hours. 3) The strength gain under flexure mode is more rapid than the strength gain under compression loading. 4) Retarding admixtures can be added to increase the workable duration to 25 minutes. The concrete flows well under vibration. 5) The concrete retains its flowable characteristics better if the mix is kept under constant movement. 6) Trial mixes should be made if the coarse aggregate is different from the 0.375 in. maximum size trap rock used for the investigation. 7) If the ambient temperature is between 65 and 80° F, mix proportions presented in the conclusion section will provide a workable mix for 25 minutes. 8) If the ambient temperature is between 80 and 90° F, the retarder dose can be increased by 20%. If there is no need for extended workable time, the admixture dosage can be maintained at the same level. 9) If the ambient temperature is between 50 and 65 ° F, the admixture dosage should be reduced by 50%. 10) If the ambient temperature is less than 50° F placement is not recommended, unless heated water is used for the mix and heating blankets are used for curing for at least 3 hours. The concrete should be maintained at about 72° F for a minimum of three hours. 11) Rapid Set Concrete is more susceptible to plastic shrinkage cracking as compared to ASTM Type I cement concrete. Therefore, the exposed surface should be protected with curing membrane or wet blanket to avoid any water loss. The surface protection can be applied as soon as the surface becomes hard. 12) Rapid Set Concrete shrinks less and therefore cracks less under restrained conditions. It might be possible to formulate a mix that will not crack due to drying or autogenous shrinkage.
KW - Atmospheric temperature
KW - Cement content
KW - Compressive strength
KW - Concrete
KW - Curing membranes
KW - Flowability
KW - Latex
KW - Modulus of rupture
KW - Rapid hardening
KW - Retarders (Concrete)
KW - Setting (Concrete)
KW - Setting time
KW - Shrinkage
KW - Slump loss
KW - Vibration
KW - Water cement ratio
KW - Workability
UR - http://cait.rutgers.edu/files/FHWA-NJ-2001-003.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/920628
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 01074082
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - Proposed reconstruction of M-24 from one mile north of the Oakland county line to I-69, Lapeer County : environmental impact statement
PY - 2000/12//Volumes held: Draft, Final
KW - Environmental impact statements
KW - Michigan
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833476
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 01073979
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - Reno railroad corridor, Reno : environmental impact statement
PY - 2000/12//Volumes held: Draft(2v)(v.2 folio), F(3v)(v.3 folio)
KW - Environmental impact statements
KW - Nevada
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833373
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 01032942
AU - Zwahlen, Helmut T
AU - Schnell, Thomas
AU - Ohio University, Athens
AU - Ohio Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - Evaluation of the Buckeye Crossbuck at Public, Passive Railroad/Highway Grade Crossings in Ohio
PY - 2000/12//Final Technical Report
SP - 55p
AB - Two new crossbuck designs for use at passive Railroad/Highway Grade Crossings (RRX) were evaluated. The Standard Improved and the Buckeye crossbuck were evaluated on a state-wide basis in Ohio with respect to their potential to alter driver risk taking behavior (part I), their crash reduction potential (part II), user acceptance (part III), and with respect to their photometric performance at night (part IV). It was found that the percentage of non-compliant drivers was approximately the same for both crossbuck designs with slightly more conservative risk acceptance times obtained for the Buckeye crossbuck. Based on the last 10 years of Ohio Railroad/Highway Grade Crossings crash history the overall number of crashes at passive Railroad/Highway Grade Crossings has continued to drop. Overall, the crash numbers in part II show a statistically significant (α = 0.05) superiority of the Buckeye crossbuck: 157 crashes for Buckeye crossbuck vs. 192 crashes for Standard Improved crossbuck (22% decrease in crashes) from 1994 until June 30th, 1999. A user acceptance survey indicated an overwhelming preference of the Buckeye Crossbuck among all surveyed user groups. The Buckeye Crossbuck provides by far the strongest visual signal among the measured crossbucks at night and during daytime. Photometric crossbuck luminance measurements conducted under automobile low-beam illumination at night indicate that due to their increased reflectorization, both the Buckeye Crossbuck and Standard Improved Crossbuck provide superior visual stimuli to an approaching driver at night. The positive effect of the Buckeye Crossbuck on crash numbers is more pronounced during daytime than during nighttime. The nighttime and daytime proportions of the crash frequencies separately still favor the Buckeye Crossbuck. The multi-faceted, fully reflectorized (micro-prismatic type VII, long distance performance LPD) shield makes a Buckeye Crossbuck the brightest and visually most powerful crossbuck design evaluated in this study. In addition, the angled shield makes the Buckeye Crossbuck less sensitive to placement in approaches that are not straight or perpendicular to the railroad tracks, and the red YIELD legend on the shield has the potential to instill into drivers, close to the Railroad/Highway Grade Crossing, the idea that they must yield to approaching trains. It is also important to note that, especially at night, both the Standard Improved Crossbuck and the Buckeye Crossbuck designs provide an approaching driver with a reflectorized (bright) target on both sides of the tracks, which makes it possible for a driver to determine if a Railroad/Highway Grade Crossing is occupied by a train (left crossbuck either fully or partially obstructed by railroad cars). It is recommended to amend the national standard for crossbucks at public passive Railroad/Highway Grade Crossings in the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) and to include the Buckeye crossbuck as an alternate design.
KW - Crash-reduction
KW - Crashes
KW - Crossbucks
KW - High risk drivers
KW - Ohio
KW - Photometry
KW - Railroad grade crossings
KW - Railroad safety
KW - Reflectorized materials
KW - Traffic violations
KW - User acceptance
UR - http://digitalarchive.oclc.org/request?id%3Doclcnum%3A45950791
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/788275
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00942334
AU - Hunter-Zaworski, K
AU - Strong, C
AU - Ice, R
AU - Western Transportation Institute
AU - California Department of Transportation
AU - Oregon Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - CALIFORNIA/OREGON ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS REGIONAL ARCHITECTURE
PY - 2000/12
SP - 274 p.
AB - This report presents the regional intelligent transportation systems (ITS) architecture developed as a part of the California/Oregon Advanced Transportation Systems (COATS) project. The purpose of the architecture is to define a framework for how various systems and stakeholders within the COATS study region will interact in order to meet regional transportation challenges. The COATS regional architecture follows the guidelines of the National ITS Architecture; therefore, this report provides a brief conceptual overview of the National ITS Architecture. Following this, the report describes efforts that were used to collect the inputs that were needed to develop the regional architecture. These include the Legacy Systems Report, the Conditions and Performance Report, the Project Infrastructure Report, the Traveler Needs Survey, several outreach and architecture workshops, and a Market Package Exercise. The regional architecture has a number of components. It includes a high-level architecture for the COATS region. This architecture is further delineated at the subregional level in three subregional architectures. There are subregional architectures for southern Oregon, north central California, and the northern California coast, each of which has architecture flow diagrams included in this report. The regional architecture and related subregional architectures were developed through the U.S. Department of Transportation's Turbo Architecture software package. The COATS Regional Architecture is designed to reflect the dynamic characteristics of the ITS architecture development process so all the databases are maintained in an electronic format for easy updating and revisions. A project-level architecture is defined for the COATS early winner project, the Bi-State Traveler Safety and Incident Management System, which is centered around Siskiyou Pass. This is a segment of Interstate 5 that stretches from Yreka, California in the south to Medford, Oregon in the north. The project level architecture provides an example of how the high-level architecture may be used in developing projects and illustrates the opportunities for bi-state partnership and cooperation. This report documents the first steps in the development of the ITS architecture for the COATS region. Next steps in the architecture development process include a major validation of the data and information flows by regional and subregional stakeholders, as well as updating the infrastructure reports to reflect changes as technology is implemented. This report will serve as background for the COATS ITS Strategic Deployment Plan.
KW - California
KW - California/Oregon Advanced Transportation Systems (COATS)
KW - Databases
KW - Intelligent transportation systems
KW - Intelligent transportation systems programs
KW - National ITS Architecture
KW - Oregon
KW - Regions
KW - System architecture
UR - https://merritt.cdlib.org/d/ark%3A%2F13030%2Fm5gj1rcn/1/producer%2FCOATS-RA.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/643082
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00938501
AU - Mahoney, J P
AU - Pietz, M D
AU - Anderson, K W
AU - Pierce, L M
AU - Washington State Transportation Center
AU - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - A FRAMEWORK FOR WSDOT PAVEMENT RESEARCH
PY - 2000/12
SP - 111 p.
AB - This study documents the development of a pavement research framework for the Washington State Department of Transportation. The framework extends over a six-year period (three biennia) and includes provision for extensive collaboration with other agencies, the private sector, and national funding organizations.
KW - Cooperation
KW - Federal government agencies
KW - Financing
KW - Pavements
KW - Private enterprise
KW - Research
KW - State government agencies
UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/492.1.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/730722
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00933878
AU - Waalkes, S M
AU - Dossey, T
AU - McCullough, B F
AU - Harrison, R
AU - University of Texas, Austin
AU - Texas Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - A SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE RIGID PAVEMENT LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS PROGRAM
PY - 2000/12
SP - 132 p.
AB - This report describes the sensitivity analysis performed on the Rigid Pavement Life-Cycle Cost Analysis program, a computer program developed by the Center for Transportation Research for the Texas Department of Transportation. The program predicts the performance and life-cycle costs of portland cement concrete pavements. The input variables of the program are identified, and their effect on life-cycle cost is quantified. The most sensitive variables are isolated and discussed.
KW - Computer programs
KW - Concrete pavements
KW - Life cycle analysis
KW - Life cycle costing
KW - Pavement performance
KW - Portland cement concrete
KW - Rigid pavements
KW - Sensitivity analysis
UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1739_2.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724937
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00931012
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - HIGHWAY ECONOMIC REQUIREMENTS SYSTEM TECHNICAL REPORT
PY - 2000/12
SP - v.p.
AB - The Highway Economic Requirements System (HERS) is a computer model designed to simulate improvement selection decisions based on the relative benefit-cost merits of alternative improvement options. The HERS model is the result of the efforts to examine more carefully the costs, benefits and national economic implications associated with highway investment options. This Technical Report is the fourth volume of HERS documentation. It is labeled Version 3.26 because it corresponds to program Version 3.26 which was used to evaluate 1997 data in preparation of the 1999 C&P Report. It consists of detailed technical discussions of the procedures, assumptions, algorithms, and inputs of the HERS model. This Technical Report is the first of the four volumes to be updated to Version 3.26.
KW - Benefit cost analysis
KW - Computer models
KW - Computer program documentation
KW - Decision making
KW - Economics
KW - Highway Economic Requirements System
KW - Highways
KW - Improvements
KW - Investments
KW - Simulation
KW - Technical reports
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725673
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00931013
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - HIGHWAY ECONOMIC REQUIREMENTS SYSTEM USER'S GUIDE. FINAL DRAFT
PY - 2000/12
SP - v.p.
AB - The Highway Economic Requirements System (HERS) was designed to perform highway needs analyses that reflect both the current condition of the highway system and the estimated costs and benefits of potential improvements to the system. The system enables the user to better examine costs, benefits, and national economic implications associated with highway options. It is used to develop national estimates of needs for pavement, capacity, and alignment improvements to highways. However, it may also be used to develop similar state-level estimates by any state office responsible for long-range highway planning. The purpose of this user guide is to provide information necessary to use the system efficiently and effectively and to enable potential users to determine its applicability.
KW - Alignment
KW - Benefits
KW - Computer program documentation
KW - Costs
KW - Economics
KW - Estimates
KW - Highway capacity
KW - Highway design
KW - Highway Economic Requirements System
KW - Improvements
KW - Needs assessment
KW - Pavements
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725674
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00928069
AU - Stephens, J B
AU - Carrasquillo, R L
AU - University of Texas, Austin
AU - Texas Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - EVALUATING PERFORMANCE-BASED TEST AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR SULFATE RESISTANCE IN CONCRETE
PY - 2000/12
SP - 182 p.
AB - This research project involved an experimental evaluation of the sulfate resistance of various concretes and mortars for the purpose of establishing performance-based specifications for the durability of concrete against sulfate attack. The research is the test program portion of a long-term project that aims to establish performance-based specifications for durability for concrete mix designs for the Texas Department of Transportation. The test program described in this report consisted of two phases. The first phase was an investigation of the potential use of the standardized test, ASTM C1012-95, as a performance test. Plain portland cement mortars and mortars with cement-mineral admixture combinations were tested using three ASTM C150 types of cement, two types of fly ash, and a ground granulated blast furnace slag. The second phase involved evaluating experimentally the effect of permeability on the sulfate resistance of concrete for the purpose of determining the proper approach for specifying permeability for sulfate resistance. Concrete permeability was varied by testing different types of cement and cement-mineral admixture combinations, by using different water-to-cementitious material ratios for each cement combination, and by using various curing procedures. In the first phase mortar bars and in the second phase concrete cylinders were immersed in sulfate solution to simulate sulfate exposure.
KW - Admixtures
KW - Cement
KW - Concrete
KW - Concrete curing
KW - Durability
KW - Fly ash
KW - Granulated slag
KW - Mortar
KW - Performance based specifications
KW - Permeability
KW - Sulfate resisting cement
KW - Water cement ratio
UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1706_3.pdf
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18500/18515/PB2002100349.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/718781
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00925744
AU - University of South Florida, Tampa
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - MEASURING DAY-TO-DAY VARIABILITY IN TRAVEL BEHAVIOR USING GPS DATA
PY - 2000/12
SP - v.p.
AB - This research project focused on analyzing day-to-day variability in travel behavior using a Global Positioning System- (GPS-) based data set. The specific objectives of the research project were to: (1) Explore day-to-day variability in travel behavior with respect to selected variables such as trip chaining, departure time, trip frequency, and path selection; and (2) Compare day-to-day variability found in the GPS-based data set against that reported in the literature to assess the potential benefits and pitfalls associated with using a GPS-based data collection methodology.
KW - Benefits
KW - Data collection
KW - Days
KW - Departure time
KW - Global Positioning System
KW - Measurement
KW - Route choice
KW - Travel behavior
KW - Trip chaining
KW - Trip frequency
UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/gps/index.html
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719778
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00810959
AU - Macadam, C
AU - Hagan, M
AU - Fancher, P
AU - Winkler, C
AU - Ervin, R
AU - Zhou, J
AU - Bogard, S
AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - REARWARD AMPLIFICATION SUPPRESSION (RAMS)
PY - 2000/12
SP - 90 p.
AB - The basic goal of this work was to develop and demonstrate an automatic brake control system that could intervene -- only when needed -- to help suppress unwanted trailer oscillations (commonly referred to as rearward amplification) in large combination vehicles (typically double and triple trailer combinations). The system would only be enabled for highway speed conditions greater than 50 mph. If possible, the system would be so simple that it could be provided on a trailer-by-trailer basis. That is, the proposed system, when implemented on a particular trailer within a combination vehicle train, would not have to depend upon sensor information from units ahead of it or behind it in order to function properly and yet provide significant benefit. The primary focus therefore of this work was on the development and demonstration of a so-called "trailer-only" RAMS (Rearward Amplification Suppression) system. Another aspect of this work was the perceived need to "keep it simple," thereby facilitating the implementation and potential adoption of a RAMS functionality (and its associated vehicle outfitting) by the truck and trailer user community. Thus the emphasis here on a "trailer-only" system. Further, if the outcome of this study was successful at demonstrating the effectiveness of a practical and simple-to-implement RAMS system, then it was deemed likely that a follow-on field trial of the proposed system could be executed by a third party subsystem manufacturer (perhaps in partnership with the U.S. Department of Transportation) to evaluate the RAMS system in actual practice. Key findings from the work include: A particular "Trailer-Only RAMS System" has been developed and shown to be highly effective at reducing rearward amplification in double and triple trailer combinations on both dry and wet high friction surfaces. None of the RAMS systems examined within the study was seen to provide directional stability benefits on very low friction surfaces (e.g., wet jennite, ice/snow, etc.). A "safe harbor" -- in terms of rearward amplification tendencies -- exists for most combination vehicles at speeds below 45 mph. Consequently, the speed reduction that accompanies a RAMS intervention provides a beneficial byproduct of increased directional damping to the vehicle as it slows down.
KW - Algorithms
KW - Automatic braking
KW - Brakes
KW - Control systems
KW - Damping (Physics)
KW - Directional stability
KW - Oscillation
KW - Rearward amplification suppression
KW - Rollover crashes
KW - Tractor trailer combinations
KW - Trucks
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679589
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00922881
AU - Jacobs, G
AU - Aeron-Thomas, A
AU - Federal Highway Administration
AU - Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL)
TI - AFRICA ROAD SAFETY REVIEW - FINAL REPORT
PY - 2000/12
SP - v.p.
AB - A number of studies of road crashes worldwide carried out in recent years have shown that the road safety situation throughout the African continent is one of the worst in the world. This is the first review of road safety in Sub Saharan Africa and the objective was to analyze existing data and information on the road safety situation in order to identify the data gaps and priority needs. Between 68 and 82 thousand lives are estimated to be lost in road crashes in Sub Saharan Africa in 2000. The current situation in Sub Saharan Africa was reviewed in terms of fatality rate and fatality risk as well as motorization level. With the highest regional motorization levels, Southern Africa also reported the highest fatality risk. Apart from the two largest countries, South Africa and Nigeria, Sub Saharan Africa reported a 42% increase in road fatalities over the past decade. This is less than in previous decades, but still cause for concern. Despite Africa's serious road safety record, the region has other more important causes of premature mortality. Road safety is unlikely to become a top medical or political priority in Africa and limited resources can be expected to be available for road safety improvements.
KW - Africa
KW - Fatalities
KW - Highway safety
KW - Motor vehicles
KW - Risk assessment
KW - Sub-Saharan Africa
KW - Traffic crashes
KW - Traffic safety
UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/africa_road_safety_review/
UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/africa_road_safety_review/pdf/entire.pdf
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35300/35379/Africa.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/708151
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00921504
AU - Bomba, M
AU - Harrison, R
AU - University of Texas, Austin
AU - Texas Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - AN IDENTIFICATION PROCESS AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK FOR TEXAS GULF CONTAINERPORTS
PY - 2000/12
SP - 104 p.
AB - This is the second in a series of four reports prepared by the Center for Transportation Research at the University of Texas at Austin for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to explore containership activity in the Gulf of Mexico. The original scope of work for this report was to produce a process for selecting a candidate port to become a containership load center among Texas Gulf ports. As the project progressed, however, the scope was expanded to also provide a port evaluation process that would be useful to all Texas ports that might provide containership service. The report begins by identifying and discussing relevant topics of port development and operations in four general areas: infrastructure demands; environmental constraints; locational attraction and landside access; and port finance. After introducing the issues surrounding these topics, the report proposes a load center selection process and a containerport evaluation process. The procedure for constructing a load center selection process concentrates on the following: heuristic methods; selecting matrix parameters; parameter criteria; and the scoring and weighting of these parameters and criteria. The port evaluation process focuses on identifying baseline characteristics, determining objectives and alternatives, assessing these objectives and alternatives, and identifying a preferred alternative and its constraints. In its conclusion, the report recommends that these techniques be reviewed and tested on selected Texas ports and that the data collected for the project's decision tools be stored and updated in a database for TxDOT's future use.
KW - Alternatives analysis
KW - Constraints
KW - Container load center
KW - Container terminals
KW - Containerships
KW - Environmental protection
KW - Evaluation
KW - Finance
KW - Gulf of Mexico
KW - Heuristic methods
KW - Infrastructure
KW - Landside access
KW - Port operations
KW - Texas
UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1833_2.pdf
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19400/19431/PB2002106911.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706738
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00920220
AU - Dailey, Daniel J
AU - Meyers, David
AU - Pond, L
AU - Washington State Transportation Center
AU - University of Washington, Seattle
AU - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - A SELF-DESCRIBING DATA TRANSFER METHODOLOGY FOR ITS APPLICATIONS
PY - 2000/12
SP - 90 p.
AB - In this paper, the authors present a methodology for creating encoding, and decoding a self-describing data (SDD) stream for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications. The methodology involves four components: 1) existing data description language standards; 2) parsers to enforce language compliance; 3) a simple content language that flows out of the data description language; and, 4) architecture neutral encoders and decoders that are based on ASN.1. The use of the SDD paradigm is demonstrated with data from a legacy traffic management center, and a detailed technical description of its implementation is provided. The SDD paradigm has the potential to enhance the National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol (NTCIP) family of protocols currently under development to support ITS deployment.
KW - Data communications
UR - http://www.its.washington.edu/pubs/sdd_report.pdf
UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/463.1.pdf
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17900/17936/PB2001105305.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/706327
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00824782
AU - Epel, J B
AU - Gabelhouse & Epel, LLC
AU - Colorado Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY STUDY
PY - 2000/12
SP - 22 p.
AB - The study examines different mechanisms by which the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) can either limit or avoid incurring cleanup costs and liabilities or, if that course is unavailable, recover those costs which must be incurred. The key to this approach is information, obtained as early in the acquisition process as possible. Accurate information about site conditions will allow CDOT to avoid severely contaminated properties, if possible, and to properly value those properties that must be acquired. To this end, the study recommends that a training program for CDOT appraisers be established where, with the help of trained environmental professionals, CDOT personnel can develop a consistent and defensible methodology to appropriately value contaminated sites to be acquired by the Agency.
KW - Appraisals
KW - Colorado
KW - Contaminants
KW - Costs
KW - Environment
KW - Information retrieval
KW - Liabilities
KW - Property
KW - Training
KW - Transportation departments
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18700/18726/PB2002101703.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713812
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00824783
AU - Lewis, W M
AU - Western Environmental Analysts
AU - Colorado Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF CALIBER M1000 DEICER FOR USE IN COLORADO
PY - 2000/12
SP - 29 p.
AB - The Caliber M1000 deicer investigated in this study can be described as a magnesium chloride deicer containing substantially more phosphorous, ammonia, and organic matter than were typical of magnesium chloride previously used by the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT). Application in regions which exercise strong control over site-specific phosphorous mobilization can be problematic. Use of this deicer on montane roadways that do not constitute conflicts with existing regulations could still experience measurable impairment of surface waters through eutrophication. While dilution beyond the roadway would limit the spatial extent of such exceedences, the presence of unionized ammonia concentrations above the standard on a frequent basis during the winter could be harmful to aquatic life some distance from the roadway. The large amount of organic matter raises questions of oxygen demand in standing water remote from the point of application.
KW - Ammonia
KW - Aquatic life
KW - Colorado
KW - Deicing chemicals
KW - Environmental impacts
KW - Magnesium chloride
KW - Mountain roads
KW - Oxygen demand
KW - Phosphorus
KW - Winter maintenance
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18700/18724/PB2002101701.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713813
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00824633
AU - O'Shea, J K
AU - Machemehl, R B
AU - Rioux, T W
AU - University of Texas, Austin
AU - Texas Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR PROVISION OF MEDIAN ACCESS ON PRINCIPAL ARTERIALS
PY - 2000/12
SP - 104 p.
AB - Principal arterial class streets must move large traffic volumes while providing limited property access. Guidelines for median design and other characteristics that will maintain traffic flow potential are needed. Without such guidelines, principal arterials, over time, tend to lose traffic flow potential at the expense of property access functions. These guidelines are being developed as median selection criteria that consider flush medians with no left-turn lanes, flush medians with left-turn lanes, and raised medians with limited median openings.
KW - Access
KW - Arterial highways
KW - Guidelines
KW - Highway design
KW - Left turn lanes
KW - Median openings
KW - Medians
KW - Property
KW - Raised medians
KW - Traffic flow
UR - http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/pdf_reports/1846_1.pdf
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18800/18850/PB2002102273.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/713752
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00818879
AU - George, K P
AU - Uddin, Waheed
AU - University of Mississippi, University
AU - Mississippi Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - SUBGRADE CHARACTERIZATION FOR HIGHWAY PAVEMENT DESIGN
PY - 2000/12
SP - 198 p.
AB - Subgrade soil characterization expressed in terms of Resilient Modulus (M sub R) has become crucial for pavement design. For a new design, M sub R values are generally obtained by conducting repeated triaxial tests on reconstituted/undisturbed cylindrical specimens. Because of the complexities encountered with the test, in-situ tests would be desirable, if reliable correlation can be established. In evaluating existing pavements for rehabilitation selection, subgrade characterization is even more complex. The main focus of this study is to determine subgrade M sub R employing a Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP), especially the automated version. In support of the study, side-by-side Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) tests are also conducted. Twelve as-built test sections reflecting typical subgrade soil materials of Mississippi are selected and tested with DCP and FWD before and after pavement construction. Undisturbed samples are extracted using a Shelby tube, and tested in repeated triaxial machine for M sub R. Other routine laboratory tests are conducted to determine physical properties of the soil. In analyzing the data, the soils tested are categorized into two groups, fine- and coarse-grain soils. DCP results (DCP index, penetration/blow) from tests conducted directly in the prepared subgrade are employed to develop regression models for laboratory M sub R prediction. The predictability of the model is substantiated by repeating DCP tests at an independent site. Models for in-situ modulus prediction are also developed in the study. Deflection measurements facilitated the calculation of in-situ modulus, for which three programs were used: MODULUS 5, FWDSOIL and UMPED. The MODULUS 5 backcalculated subgrade modulus shows good agreement with the laboratory M sub R. The FWDSOIL backcalculation program predicts subgrade moduli which are slightly lower than the laboratory M sub R. With emplacement of pavement structure (lime treated subgrade, lime fly ash subbase, and several inches of asphalt concrete) atop the subgrade, the subgrade backcalculated moduli are enhanced, coarse-grain soil showing a larger increase than the fine-grain soil. This latter result, namely the enhancement of subgrade moduli, is substantiated employing the data compiled from 20 Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) pavement sections in Mississippi. In order to analyze the automated DCP results, a software designated Dynamic Cone Penetrometer ANalysis (DCPAN), has been developed. With the regression equation incorporated in the software, real time laboratory as well as backcalculated subgrade modulus calculations are plausible in the field.
KW - Backcalculation
KW - Coarse grained soils
KW - Computer programs
KW - Cone penetrometers
KW - Correlation analysis
KW - Dynamic penetration test
KW - Falling weight deflectometers
KW - Field tests
KW - Fine grained soils
KW - Laboratory tests
KW - Mississippi
KW - Modulus of resilience
KW - Pavement design
KW - Regression analysis
KW - Software
KW - Subgrade (Pavements)
KW - Triaxial shear tests
UR - http://mdot.ms.gov/documents/research/Reports/Interim%20and%20Final%20Reports/State%20Study%20131%20-%20Subgrade%20Characterization%20for%20Highway%20Pavement%20Design.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/691481
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00815802
AU - Khan, S I
AU - Thanasupsin, K
AU - University of Colorado, Denver
AU - Colorado Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - ESTIMATING LINK TRAVEL TIME ON I-70 CORRIDOR: A REAL-TIME DEMONSTRATION PROTOTYPE
PY - 2000/12
SP - 65 p.
AB - This report represents the findings of a study that demonstrates the feasibility of estimating link travel time and speed in real-time for rural, mountainous sections of interstate freeway in Colorado using vehicles instrumented with global positioning system (GPS) receivers, serving as probes in traffic streams. The system configuration developed includes a cost-effective, portable GPS deployment unit, communication links to a server PC and an integrated prototype system for vehicle tracking and estimating link travel time statistics. This study was carried out in two phases. The objective of the first phase was to identify a cost-effective means of monitoring traffic within a rural, mountainous stretch of the I-70 freeway. An algorithm was developed to estimate average link speed, travel time and the standard error of estimates to provide user information on the reliability of the estimates based on the probe data. The algorithm was tested for different traffic conditions and geometric characteristics of links. In the second phase of the project, a real-time demonstrational prototype was developed to receive, process and estimate link travel time and speed statistics in real-time. The system was tested off-line and on-line based on field data received from the I-70 corridor. In addition, GPS receivers were deployed using a commercial vanpool service and the system was evaluated further.
KW - Algorithms
KW - Colorado
KW - Cost effectiveness
KW - Estimating
KW - Global Positioning System
KW - Interstate highways
KW - Monitoring
KW - Mountains
KW - Probe vehicles
KW - Prototype tests
KW - Real time information
KW - Rural areas
KW - Traffic speed
KW - Traffic surveillance
KW - Travel time
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690511
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00815758
AU - Williammee, R S
AU - Thomas, G L
AU - Texas Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - REEVALUATION OF FLEXIBLE BASE IN THE FORT WORTH DISTRICT
PY - 2000/12
SP - 116 p.
AB - Flexible base has been a predominant aggregate blend used in roadway structures for many years. It has served as a cheaper material for low to medium volume roads. The Fort Worth District has had some recent roadway failures that have been directly linked to failure of the flexible base. Recent assumptions attributed this to a wide range of triaxial values between the coarse and fine limits of the District's gradation band. Laboratory testing of the typical gradation confirmed this. A new large stone gradation was proposed and accepted to use in a test section on the construction project in Wise County. The section was constructed in August, 1999, and falling weight deflectometer data collected in September, 1999 and October, 2000.
KW - Aggregate gradation
KW - Base course (Pavements)
KW - Data collection
KW - Deflection
KW - Falling weight deflectometers
KW - Fort Worth (Texas)
KW - Pavement design
KW - Test sections
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690466
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00814146
AU - Bligh, R P
AU - Bullard, D L
AU - Menges, W L
AU - Schoeneman, S K
AU - Texas Transportation Institute
AU - Texas Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - IMPACT PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WORK ZONE TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES
PY - 2000/12
SP - 418 p.
AB - The goal of this project and related previous projects is to provide traffic control devices for use in work zones that would perform satisfactorily when impacted by errant vehicles in accordance with national safety performance guidelines set forth in National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350. The specific objective of this project is to test and evaluate additional work zone sign supports and barricades to determine those that would perform satisfactorily when impacted by errant vehicles at 0 degrees (head-on). This report consists of four chapters describing the performance of full-scale testing on work zone barricades. Chapter I introduces the problem, background, objectives and scope. Chapter II outlines the research approach of the project, including descriptions of the work zone traffic control devices tested, the crash test matrix, and the evaluation criteria. Results of the crash tests are presented in Chapter III. A summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations is presented in Chapter IV.
KW - Barricades
KW - Frontal crashes
KW - Impact tests
KW - NCHRP Report 350
KW - Performance evaluations
KW - Sign supports
KW - Traffic control devices
KW - Work zone traffic control
UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/1792-2.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681529
ER -
TY - JOUR
AN - 00813750
JO - Publication of: Island Press
PB - Island Press
AU - DeBlasio, A J
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT CROSS-CUTTING INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES? IN: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS? CHAPTER 8
PY - 2000/12
SP - p. 149-170
AB - This paper brings together the findings of activities that addressed the impacts of nontechnical barriers and constraints that might impede the progress of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) programs. It discusses how the planning and deployment of ITS projects differ from procedures required by traditional transportation projects, the challenges presented to the transportation community, the issues that may be encountered in the future, and how these may already have been addressed.
KW - Alternatives analysis
KW - Constraints
KW - Implementation
KW - Intelligent transportation systems
KW - Planning
KW - Public opinion
KW - Public relations
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13324.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690231
ER -
TY - JOUR
AN - 00813751
JO - Publication of: Island Press
PB - Island Press
AU - Sussman, J M
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT ITS? FINAL COMMENTS. IN: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT INTELLIGANT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS? CHAPTER 9
PY - 2000/12
SP - p. 171-176
AB - Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) represent a sea of change in surface transportation, equivalent to the introduction of air traffic control systems into air transportation. ITS represents a major opportunity for the transportation profession to evolve to a more sophisticated level. This study looked at the following aspects of ITS: integrated systems; regional systems; partnerships; institutionalization of operations; political support and public acceptance; human resources; and travelers as customers. The papers presented provide insight into successes that have occurred as well as impediments to further successes.
KW - Advanced public transportation systems
KW - Advanced traffic management systems
KW - Advanced traveler information systems
KW - Human factors
KW - Infrastructure
KW - Integrated systems
KW - Intelligent transportation systems
KW - Partnerships
KW - Political factors
KW - Public opinion
KW - Public transit
KW - Regional transportation
KW - Traffic
KW - Travelers
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13325.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690232
ER -
TY - JOUR
AN - 00813747
JO - Publication of: Island Press
PB - Island Press
AU - CASEY, R F
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT ADVANCED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS? IN: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS? CHAPTER 5
PY - 2000/12
SP - p. 87-106
AB - The focus of this paper is on advanced public transportation systems (APTS) technologies. It assesses the extent of their deployment and judges their degree of success. It covers APTS technologies in use only by bus and demand responsive service operations. The primary source of deployment level information is a 1998 survey by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center that encompassed 525 transit agencies operating fixed route bus and/or demand responsive services.
KW - Advanced public transportation systems
KW - Bus transit
KW - Demand responsive transportation
KW - Deployment
KW - fixed
KW - Fixed routes
KW - Intelligent transportation systems
KW - Public transit
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11000/11093/101.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690225
ER -
TY - JOUR
AN - 00813748
JO - Publication of: Island Press
PB - Island Press
AU - Orban, J E
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT ITS FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLE OPERATIONS: STATUS, CHALLENGES, AND BENEFITS OF LEVEL 1 DEPLOYMENT. IN: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS? CHAPTER 6
PY - 2000/12
SP - p. 107-126
AB - This paper examines the ways ITS is changing the way federal and state motor carrier agencies conduct business with the motor carrier industry. New technologies are streamlining credentialing operations, reducing delays for safe carriers, and improving highway safety by focusing resources on high risk carriers. ITS designed for commercial vehicle operations includes the following: safety information exchange technologies; electronic screening systems; and, electronic credentialing systems.
KW - Certification
KW - Commercial vehicle operations
KW - Communication systems
KW - Electronic media
KW - Information dissemination
KW - Information technology
KW - Intelligent transportation systems
KW - Motor carriers
KW - Safety
KW - Screenings
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13322.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690227
ER -
TY - JOUR
AN - 00813749
JO - Publication of: Island Press
PB - Island Press
AU - McGurrin, M
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT CROSS-CUTTING TECHNICAL AND PROGRAMMATIC ISSUES? IN: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS? CHAPTER 7
PY - 2000/12
SP - p. 127-148
AB - This paper seeks to answer the question of what has been learned about cross-cutting technical and programmatic issues over the last decade of the National ITS Program. The paper also looks at new areas where ITS investments should be made, with the focus on major findings or trends. Two main factors are considered qualitatively: demonstrated success in contributing to one of the key ITS benefits (such as delay reduction, capacity increase, customer satisfaction, etc.) and amount and rate of deployments achieved compared to time elapsed since the technology was first demonstrated. Discussed are sensors and surveillance, communications, analysis tools, archived data, architecture, and standards.
KW - Analysis
KW - Architecture
KW - Benefits
KW - Communications
KW - Data collection
KW - Deployment
KW - Intelligent transportation systems
KW - Sensors
KW - Standards
KW - Surveillance
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13323.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690229
ER -
TY - JOUR
AN - 00813745
JO - Publication of: Island Press
PB - Island Press
AU - HICKS, B
AU - Cartre, M
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT ITS? ARTERIAL MANAGEMENT. IN: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS? CHAPTER 3
PY - 2000/12
SP - p. 45-84
AB - This paper presents what has been learned in four principal areas of arterial management: 1) adaptive control strategies; 2) advanced traveler information systems; 3) automated enforcement; and 4) integration. The levels of deployment, benefits, deployment challenges, and future steps are presented for each category.
KW - Adaptive control
KW - Advanced traveler information systems
KW - Arterial highways
KW - Arterial management
KW - Automated enforcement
KW - Integrated systems
KW - Intelligent transportation systems
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13319.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690222
ER -
TY - JOUR
AN - 00813746
JO - Publication of: Island Press
PB - Island Press
AU - Lappin, J E
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT ADVANCED TRAVELER INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION? IN: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS? CHAPTER 4
PY - 2000/12
SP - p. 65-86
AB - This paper synthesizes customer satisfaction findings from advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) research and evaluations dating from 1996. Recent project evaluations from the Metropolitan Model Deployment Initiative (MMDI) in Seattle, San Antonio, and Phoenix are featured more prominently because these deployments provided a natural use setting and thus a more reliable context for assessing customer satisfaction. ATIS is defined in two ways: real time network information, whether traffic or transit; and traveler information, such as route guidance or destination information. The focus is on public sector ATIS services, although one section does address ATIS business models, with selected private services included in the discussion.
KW - Advanced traveler information systems
KW - Customer satisfaction
KW - Intelligent transportation systems
KW - Metropolitan areas
KW - Phoenix (Arizona)
KW - Private transportation
KW - Public transit
KW - Real time information
KW - Route guidance
KW - San Antonio (Texas)
KW - Seattle (Washington)
KW - Traffic
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13320.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690224
ER -
TY - JOUR
AN - 00813743
JO - Publication of: Island Press
PB - Island Press
AU - Sussman, J M
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT ITS? A SYNTHESIS. IN: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS? CHAPTER 1
PY - 2000/12
SP - p. 1-20
AB - This study is concerned with what we have learned about ITS. But ITS is composed of many technologies and applications, some of which, it will be seen, are more successful than others. So, in a dissaggregate manner, this study examines which ITS technologies and applications have been successful applications in the ITS world. If they can be identified, then we can more effectively plan the future of the National ITS Program, building on that knowledge.
KW - Communication
KW - Deployment
KW - Ground transportation
KW - Intelligent transportation systems
KW - Planning
KW - Technological innovations
KW - Technology assessment
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13317.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690218
ER -
TY - JOUR
AN - 00813744
JO - Publication of: Island Press
PB - Island Press
AU - PEARCE, V
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT FREEWAY, INCIDENT, AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION? IN: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS? CHAPTER 2
PY - 2000/12
SP - p. 21-44
AB - The intelligent infrastructure is often the most visible manifestation of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) along with roads, freeways, and incident management is often among the first ITS elements implemented. They can significantly contribute to improving travel conditions by addressing delay caused by both recurring and nonrecurring congestion. Electronic toll collection (ETC) systems similarly aid in reducing congestion on toll roads. In a complementary way, emergency management systems can greatly aid in locating incidents and responding to them in the most rapid and effective way possible.
KW - Automatic fare collection
KW - Congestion management systems
KW - Emergency response time
KW - Incident detection
KW - Incident management
KW - Infrastructure
KW - Intelligent transportation systems
KW - Technology assessment
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13318.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/690220
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00813742
AU - Sussman, J M
AU - PEARCE, V
AU - HICKS, B
AU - Carter, M
AU - Lappin, J E
AU - CASEY, R F
AU - Orban, J E
AU - McCurrin, M
AU - DeBlasio, A J
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS?
PY - 2000/12
SP - 191 p.
AB - In this document, a group of authors looks back on the ten years of the national intelligent transportation systems program and examines which ITS technology applications have been successful, which have not been successful, and what are the underlying factors that determine success versus failure. An appendix summarizes the state 0if deployment if ITS technologies.
KW - Advanced public transportation systems
KW - Advanced traveler information systems
KW - Arterial highways
KW - Automated toll collection
KW - Commercial vehicle operations
KW - Customer satisfaction
KW - Electronic media
KW - Emergency response time
KW - Incident detection
KW - Intelligent transportation systems
KW - Toll collection
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/jpodocs/repts_te/13316.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/681241
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00812574
AU - Peng, Z-R
AU - Beimborn, E
AU - Neluheni, M
AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - A FRAMEWORK FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE BENEFITS OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
PY - 2000/12
SP - 49 p.
AB - This report discusses methods to assess the benefits of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). It provides a comprehensive review of methods currently available in the United States. It then develops a framework for benefits assessment using benefit trees and emerging analysis methods for benefit studies at the sketch planning level. These efforts should lead to specifications for information needs for evaluating ITS projects and methods to compare ITS projects with other traditional capacity enhancing projects. The report includes a case study used to identify the break-even points of several ITS deployment options, including ramp metering, travel information systems, emergency response systems, and commercial vehicle operations under a variety of scenarios. These results can be used to identify and operate ITS projects so that they are likely to have the greatest payoff from their deployment. The following conclusions can be drawn from the case study: ITS systems can be more logically selected and deployed when knowledge of their performance tradeoffs are known; ITS systems can have large benefits, which easily exceed their costs - These benefits are especially likely to occur if the existing level of performance of the highway is poor; Other effects such as increased peace of mind, crash reduction, greater reliability in arrival times, non-traveler benefits, agency benefits and environmental benefits cannot be easily quantified but would add to the benefits of ITS; Ramp metering systems benefits depend on tradeoffs between increased freeway speeds with metering vs. ramp delays and arterial speed decreases; Weigh in motion bypass of static scales can have a positive net benefit with small levels of usage; Incident management systems should be implemented in a way to minimize incident duration - This is an area of very high potential benefits; Mechanisms to disseminate real time traffic data should be actively explored to provide the best use of a traveler information system.
KW - Benefits
KW - Case studies
KW - Commercial vehicle operations
KW - Emergency response systems
KW - Evaluation and assessment
KW - Incident management
KW - Intelligent transportation systems
KW - Performance
KW - Ramp metering
KW - Real time information
KW - Traveler information and communication systems
KW - Weigh in motion
UR - http://wisdotresearch.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/45-20itsbenefits-f.pdf
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/23000/23400/23404/45-20itsbenefits-f.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680640
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812416
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Jaskiewicz, F
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - PEDESTRIAN LEVEL OF SERVICE BASED ON TRIP QUALITY
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 14 p.
AB - The pedestrian experience is dependent upon numerous qualitative factors that are not addressed in customary level-of-service analyses. This paper outlines a process by which such factors can be used to analyze pedestrian systems. Nine specific evaluation measures are described, followed by an account of their application in Winter Park, Florida.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Evaluation and assessment
KW - Level of service
KW - Pedestrian areas
KW - Pedestrians
KW - Winter Park (Florida)
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686656
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812418
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Kaub, A R
AU - Kaub, J A
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - PREDICTING ANNUAL INTERSECTION ACCIDENTS WITH CONFLICT OPPORTUNITIES
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 12 p.
AB - Validation and the general algorithm are presented for a conflict opportunity-based annual accident prediction software for both signalized and unsignalized intersections over a wide variety of volume, geometry, speed, signal timing and phasing, and other variables. Validation to numerous intersections indicates an average prediction accuracy of 90% compared to the historical annual reported accident average at any individual intersection.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Accuracy
KW - Algorithms
KW - Mathematical prediction
KW - Opportunity models
KW - Signalized intersections
KW - Traffic conflicts
KW - Traffic crashes
KW - Unsignalized intersections
KW - Validation
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686659
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812417
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Wilson, E M
AU - Lipinski, Martin E
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - APPLICATION OF ROAD SAFETY AUDITS TO URBAN STREETS
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 11 p.
AB - This paper provides insights into road safety audits (RSAs) and their application. The objective is to provide an overview of the road safety audit process and to describe the applicability of road safety audits in evaluating safety deficiencies on existing urban roads and streets. The focus is to use an RSA in the safety review process. This application helps to demonstrate the value added by using RSAs. The major potential gain, however, lies in integrating the process into the planning of new facilities and the design and construction of improvement projects. The RSA of an existing facility, however, provides an assessment of existing facilities only from the safety point of view. The emphasis is on the prevention of potential crashes.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Deficiencies
KW - Highway design
KW - Highway planning
KW - Highway safety
KW - Improvements
KW - Prevention
KW - Safety
KW - Safety audits
KW - Streets
KW - Urban highways
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686658
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812424
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Box, P C
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - QUESTIONABLE CONCEPTS IN NEOTRADITIONAL SUBDIVISION DESIGN
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 10 p.
AB - An Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Recommended Practice, "Traditional Neighborhood Development Street Design Guidelines," has been published. Eleven "principles" represent valid concepts, while nine are questionable (such as elimination of functional classification; narrow, congested streets; encouraging on-street parking; and alley access garages). These issues are addressed and pedestrian accident data are given.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Guidelines
KW - Highway design
KW - Institute of Transportation Engineers
KW - Neighborhoods
KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes
KW - Subdivisions
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686671
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812425
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - DeRobertis, M
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - NEOTRADITIONAL DESIGN: MOBILITY FOR ALL AGES
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 6 p.
AB - This paper examines the needs of school-age children and senior citizens from the perspective of traditional and neotraditional developments. A brief historical review of street development illustrates societal expectations regarding pedestrian mobility from the 1920s, 1950s and 1990s. Examples are given to illustrate the needs of pedestrians, particularly the elderly and school children. It concludes that traditional developments and neotraditional developments enable both the young and the old to experience transportation independence.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Aged
KW - Highway design
KW - History
KW - Mobility
KW - Pedestrian areas
KW - Pedestrians
KW - School children
KW - Streets
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686672
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812422
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Parham, A H
AU - Fitzpatrick, K
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - SPEED MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR COLLECTORS AND ARTERIALS
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 15 p.
AB - Speed management goes a step beyond traffic calming by also looking at higher speed facilities such as collectors and arterials. The most frequently used techniques on collectors and arterials are increased enforcement, flashing beacons, speed limit signing, radar trailers, and rumble strips.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Arterial highways
KW - Collector streets
KW - Flashing beacons
KW - Radar trailers
KW - Rumble strips
KW - Speed control
KW - Speed signs
KW - Traffic calming
KW - Traffic law enforcement
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686667
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812423
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Stillings, T
AU - Lockwood, I
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - WEST PALM BEACH TRAFFIC CALMING: THE SECOND GENERATION
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 22 p.
AB - The Transportation Division of West Palm Beach city, Florida, is implementing innovative practices based on traffic calming, New Urbanism, and associated principles. In North America, the city's program can be considered "second generation traffic calming," prioritizing economic development, revitalization, aesthetics, pedestrian comfort and safety, and driver behavior modification, resulting in intense redevelopment activity. Other programs of the city, ranging from home ownership to facade enhancements, complement the program. This comprehensive, coordinated approach to city building has helped stabilize and revive the downtown and several "challenged" neighborhoods, while stimulating significant private investment. Traffic calming has become a normal component of these efforts.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Aesthetics
KW - Behavior modification
KW - Central business districts
KW - Drivers
KW - Economic development
KW - Investments
KW - Neighborhoods
KW - Pedestrian safety
KW - Private enterprise
KW - Redevelopment
KW - Traffic calming
KW - Urban renewal
KW - West Palm Beach (Florida)
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686669
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812426
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Owens, G
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - DEVELOPING STREET STANDARDS THAT ALLOW FLEXIBILITY
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 12 p.
AB - The city of Sacramento, California, recently updated its street design standards. This update was in response to a consistent message from residents that the previous standards did not result in livable neighborhoods, to protests from the development community that the previous standards were too rigid, and to city staff's desire to improve the clarity of the design standards to minimize their difficulties in administering the standards. The city's approach to the update process was unique in several aspects: It engaged a broad cross-section of stakeholders (residents, developers, emergency service providers, planners, etc.) to develop the concepts; it administered a survey of comparable jurisdictions to determine the range of standards; and it conducted field tests of emergency service responses on various street types. This community-based approach resulted in new standards that blended the community's desire for narrower residential streets with the needs/desires of the emergency response providers, the bicycling community, and urban planners. The city staff helped the participating stakeholders achieve this balanced outcome by: 1) educating the stakeholders on the relevant standards and practices (Uniform Fire Code, Americans with Disabilities Act requirements, etc.); and 2) allowing the stakeholders to discuss/debate among themselves so they could better appreciate the difficulties in balancing conflicting interests. The new standards have the following characteristics: more flexibility through choices; minimum street widths needed for function and safety; cost trade-offs (e.g., rolled curbs with planter strips); greater definition of how the standards should be applied; and parking and bike lanes on arterials only where needed.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Arterial highways
KW - Bicycle lanes
KW - Cities
KW - Design standards
KW - Emergency response time
KW - Field tests
KW - Highway design
KW - On street parking
KW - Residential streets
KW - Sacramento (California)
KW - Stakeholders
KW - Surveys
KW - Urban highways
KW - Width
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686674
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812427
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Brewer, J O
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - A PRACTITIONER'S PERSPECTIVE ON FLEXIBLE DESIGN
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 4 p.
AB - This paper presents the author's opinion on the current topic of flexibility in roadway design. It is based on his experience of 32 years as a practitioner in the field of transportation engineering. Recently there has been much discussion about the term "flexibility in design." Some have attempted to place design professionals in either a "pro" or "con" group. You can decide for yourself if the author fits in one or both of the groups.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Decision making
KW - Highway design
KW - Perspective (Point of view)
KW - Transportation engineering
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686676
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812419
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Ewing, R
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - IMPACTS OF TRAFFIC CALMING
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 14 p.
AB - This paper quantifies the kinds of impacts resulting from traffic calming measures of various types. Descriptive statistics on speed, volume, and collision changes following traffic calming are derived from hundreds of before-and-after studies. Using the same data sets, impact models are estimated. While impacts are case-specific, traffic calming measures generally have the desired effect of reducing speeds, volumes, and collisions.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Before and after studies
KW - Impacts
KW - Mathematical models
KW - Traffic calming
KW - Traffic crashes
KW - Traffic speed
KW - Traffic volume
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686661
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812420
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Forbes, G
AU - Gill, T
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - ARTERIAL SPEED CALMING: MOHAWK ROAD CASE STUDY
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 7 p.
AB - Mohawk Road (Hamilton-Wentworth, Ontario, Canada) was an undivided two lane arterial with a 50-km/h speed limit, 85th percentile speeds of up to 70 km/h, and in need of rehabilitation. The adjacent land uses are low-density residential and open space. During the design phase, it was decided that additional lanes were not required, but that one of the design goals should be to effectively reduce travel speeds to 50 km/h without diverting traffic. An innovative design using a series of wide, short landscaped median islands (speed control medians) was employed, which reduced mean speeds and the percentage of drivers exceeding the speed limit in the treated section.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - 85th percentile speed
KW - Arterial highways
KW - Case studies
KW - Hamilton (Canada)
KW - Highway design
KW - Medians
KW - Residential areas
KW - Speed control
KW - Speed limits
KW - Traffic calming
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686663
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812421
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - King, M R
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - CALMING NEW YORK CITY INTERSECTIONS
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 15 p.
AB - In 1993, the New York City Department of Transportation (DOT) received a federal grant (under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality) to research, design and test innovative traffic calming devices. This was part of a larger program to enhance the pedestrian environment in the city. Under this program, crash statistics analysis and policy codification were used to "sell" traffic calming within the DOT. This paper presents a crash analysis of Leading Pedestrian Intervals (LPI), a crash analysis of neckdowns, and the new neckdown policy. Neckdowns, also known as corner extensions, bulb-outs, and sidewalk expansions, narrow intersections by extending the curb at the corner.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Crash analysis
KW - Design
KW - Intersections
KW - Leading pedestrian intervals
KW - Neckdowns
KW - New York (New York)
KW - Pedestrian safety
KW - Policy
KW - Sidewalks
KW - Traffic calming
KW - Traffic signal timing
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686665
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812397
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Kloster, T
AU - Daisa, J
AU - Ledbetter, R
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - LINKING LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION THROUGH STREET DESIGN
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 10 p.
AB - Metro's regional street design policies will guide the eventual design of major streets in the 24 jurisdictions that make up the Portland metropolitan area. The street design classifications represent the most direct link between land use and transportation planning in the region, and also serve as a tool for coordinating various, often competing modal needs. The design classifications are mapped at a detailed level to provide specific direction for local implementation. The "Creating Livable Streets" handbook is a resource for local implementation of the regional street design policies. The handbook provides a primer on general design issues, as well as specific design solutions that address each of the regional street design classifications individually.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Handbooks
KW - Highway classification
KW - Highway design
KW - Land use
KW - Metropolitan areas
KW - Policy
KW - Portland (Oregon)
KW - Transportation planning
KW - Urban highways
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686621
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812405
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Frawley, W E
AU - Eisele, W L
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - ECONOMIC IMPACTS OR RAISED MEDIANS ON ADJACENT BUSINESSES
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 12 p.
AB - This paper is the result of almost three years of investigation into the economic impacts on businesses and properties when raised medians are installed on adjacent streets. The researchers have developed and tested a methodology that can be used to collect and analyze data with which to study potential economic impacts. The preliminary results of data collection and conclusions are presented in this paper.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Access control (Transportation)
KW - Businesses
KW - Data collection
KW - Economic impacts
KW - Medians
KW - Methodology
KW - Property values
KW - Raised medians
KW - Urban highways
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686636
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812407
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Karlgren, J
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - SPEED PROFILES: A METHOD FOR ANALYZING SPEED ADAPTATION BY CAR DRIVERS
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 8 p.
AB - If speeds of cars are measured continuously over segments of a street, a speed profile can be produced and can illustrate how motorists adapt their driving speed to the geometrical design and general appearance of the street. This allows a direct assessment of specific speed reducing measures.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Adaptation (Psychology)
KW - Geometric design
KW - Highway design
KW - Operating speed
KW - Speed control
KW - Speed profiles
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686639
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812415
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Welch, Thomas M
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - THE CONVERSION OF FOUR-LANE UNDIVIDED URBAN ROADWAYS TO THREE-LANE FACILITIES
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 12 p.
AB - In recent years, many traffic engineers have advocated converting four-lane undivided urban streets to three-lane two-way left-turn facilities. A number of these conversions have been successfully implemented. Accident rates have decreased while corridor and intersection levels of service remained acceptable. This conversion concept is yet another viable alternative "tool" to place in our urban safety/congestion toolbox.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Crash rates
KW - Four lane highways
KW - Highway safety
KW - Level of service
KW - Three lane highways
KW - Traffic congestion
KW - Two way left turn lanes
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686654
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812399
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Forbes, G
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - URBAN ROADWAY CLASSIFICATION: BEFORE THE DESIGN BEGINS
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 8 p.
AB - Road classification systems are the basis for defining function and, in turn, the design criteria for the world's street networks. The traditional classification systems have been based on the mobility and access functions of roads for motor vehicle traffic. Other road users and road uses have been largely ignored in this important step of the road design process. This article describes alternative classification systems developed by the American Association of Architects, the Province of Ontario, Metro Portland, and the Region of Hamilton-Wentworth.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - American Association of Architects
KW - Hamilton (Canada)
KW - Highway classification
KW - Highway design
KW - Ontario (Province)
KW - Portland (Oregon)
KW - Urban highways
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686625
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812403
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Gluck, J S
AU - Haas, G
AU - Mahmood, J
AU - Levinson, H S
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - DRIVEWAY SPACING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 17 p.
AB - This paper reviews research studies relating traffic operations to access spacing, presents results of specially conducted operations analyses at 22 sites in Connecticut, Illinois, New Jersey, and New York, and sets forth emergent access spacing guidelines. The literature review and operational analyses were performed as part of NCHRP Project 3-52 -- Impacts of Access Management Techniques. Each site represented an unsignalized driveway for a major traffic generator along a suburban arterial roadway without deceleration lanes. Information was gathered on the number and percentage of through vehicles impacted by right turns. The percentage of through vehicles impacted approximated 0.18 times the right-turn volumes. The impact lengths of through vehicles were determined, and the influence distances were computed. The results were then used to quantify the likely effects of multiple driveways and to establish guidelines for deceleration lanes and access separation distances. Access separation distances for various operating speeds and right-turn volumes were based on the likelihood of minimizing spillback across an upstream driveway over a series of driveways along a 1/4-mile section of road. For example, to hold the spillback rate to 20% for a 40-mph posted speed, a 285-ft spacing would be needed. When the acceptable spillback rate is reduced to 5%, a 400-ft separation is required.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Access
KW - Arterial highways
KW - Connecticut
KW - Deceleration lanes
KW - Driveways
KW - Field studies
KW - Guidelines
KW - Highway design
KW - Highway operations
KW - Illinois
KW - Impacts
KW - Literature reviews
KW - New Jersey
KW - New York (State)
KW - Right turns
KW - Spacing
KW - Spillback effects (Traffic)
KW - Suburbs
KW - Through traffic
KW - Traffic volume
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686632
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812409
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Bared, J G
AU - Kaisar, E I
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - THE SPLIT INTERSECTION: A SOLUTION FOR A CONGESTED INTERSECTION
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 11 p.
AB - A proposed innovative treatment for congested urban and suburban intersections is the split intersection. It facilitates a smoother flow with less driver delay by reducing the number of signal phases. The success of converting to the split intersection is analyzed by using microsimulation to predicate previous claims and provide guidance.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Intersections
KW - Microsimulation
KW - Split intersections
KW - Suburbs
KW - Traffic congestion
KW - Traffic flow
KW - Traffic signal phases
KW - Urban highways
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686643
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812413
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Walker, G W
AU - Kulash, W M
AU - McHugh, B T
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - DOWNTOWN STREETS: ARE WE STRANGLING OURSELVES IN ONE-WAY NETWORKS?
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 18 p.
AB - As many communities are in the process of revitalizing their downtowns, a common issue is the prevalence of intricate and often confusing one-way street networks. This paper provides a comparison of one-way versus two-way street systems for downtowns and presents an evaluation methodology for considering two-way conversion. The analysis gives equal weight to all modes of travel and includes the non-regular visitor to downtown. Motorist analysis factors include mobility, vehicle miles of travel, number of turning movements, travel time, vehicle capacity, and parking supply. Pedestrian factors analyzed are number and severity of pedestrian/vehicle crossing conflicts. Direction and symmetry of routes comprise the transit analysis factors, and retail factors measure the visibility of street front locations.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Central business districts
KW - Mobility
KW - One way streets
KW - Parking facilities
KW - Pedestrian vehicle interface
KW - Public transit
KW - Retail trade
KW - Travel time
KW - Turning traffic
KW - Urban renewal
KW - Vehicle capacity
KW - Vehicle miles of travel
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686650
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812400
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Levinson, H S
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - STREET SPACING AND SCALE
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 16 p.
AB - This paper addresses the spacing of streets and its impact on scale. It compares the spacing/design of city streets and suburban highways, identifies the strengths and weaknesses of each, and suggests spacing guidelines for various urban and suburban environments. It shows how providing arterial streets at closer intervals improves access opportunities, reduces traffic concentrations where these streets meet, and allows reduced cross sections.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Access
KW - Arterial highways
KW - Cross sections
KW - Guidelines
KW - Highway design
KW - Spacing
KW - Streets
KW - Suburbs
KW - Traffic congestion
KW - Urban highways
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686626
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812412
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Box, P C
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - CURB PARKING FINDINGS REVISITED
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 9 p.
AB - Findings of research into curb parking problems include accident data for Local, Collector and Major streets. Congestion effects are discussed. The need for curb parking along residential local streets is identified, together with means of limiting it. Recommended dimensions are given for residential garage sizes, door widths, and driveway aprons.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Crash data
KW - Curb side parking
KW - Driveways
KW - Garages
KW - Residential streets
KW - Size
KW - Traffic congestion
KW - Urban highways
KW - Width
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686649
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812401
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Levinson, H S
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - ACCESS SPACING AND ACCIDENTS: A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 13 p.
AB - This paper develops a method for predicting the safety of arterial roads based on arterial traffic volumes, access road (i.e., driveways and intersecting streets) volumes, and access density. This procedure applies the long-established relationship between intersection accidents and the product of conflicting traffic volumes. The simplifying assumption that access roads have roughly equivalent volumes makes it possible to provide safety indices that relate only to the change in access density; these indices are generally consistent with those reported in NCHRP Report 420, "Impacts of Access Management Techniques." They show that the increase in accidents is equal to the square root of the increase in access density.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Access
KW - Arterial highways
KW - Driveways
KW - Highway safety
KW - Intersections
KW - NCHRP Report 420
KW - Spacing
KW - Traffic crashes
KW - Traffic volume
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686628
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812402
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Papayannoulis, V
AU - Gluck, J S
AU - Feeney, K
AU - Levinson, H S
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - ACCESS SPACING AND TRAFFIC SAFETY
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 15 p.
AB - This paper reviews the many research studies that relate traffic safety to access spacing, presents results of specially conducted analyses of accident information obtained from eight states, and sets forth emergent guidelines for assessing safety impacts of access spacing. The literature review and safety analyses were performed as part of NCHRP Project 3-52, Impacts of Access Management Techniques. Accident rate indices, derived from the literature synthesis and safety analyses, show the relative increase in accidents that can be expected as the total driveway density in both directions increases. These indices suggest that doubling the access frequency from 10 to 20 access points per mile would increase accident rates by 40%. A road with 60 access points per mile would have triple the accident rate (200% increase) as compared with a spacing of 10 access points per mile. Each additional access point increases the accident rate by about 4%. The research results suggest a generally consistent relationship--the greater the frequency of driveways and intersections, the greater the number of accidents. While the specific relationships reflect variations in road geometry, travel speeds, and driveway and intersection volumes, the general relationship remains consistent. The access spacing implications are clear. Increasing the spacing between access points helps reduce the number and variety of events to which drivers must respond. In addition, wide access spacing gives drivers more time for perception, reaction and navigation.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Access
KW - Analysis
KW - Crash data
KW - Crash rates
KW - Driveways
KW - Highway design
KW - Intersections
KW - Literature reviews
KW - Spacing
KW - Traffic crashes
KW - Traffic safety
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686630
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812410
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Dixon, K K
AU - Hibbard, J L
AU - Nyman, H
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - RIGHT-TURN TREATMENT FOR SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 11 p.
AB - Historically, engineers have designed intersections characterized by sizeable right-turn volumes using a variety of strategies. For example, channelization in the form of a painted island, small raised island, or a large raised island is one element often incorporated into the design. In addition, traffic control may be addressed using right-turn-on-red, dedicated turn lanes with stop control, or dedicated turn lanes with yield control. This paper focuses on how Cobb County, Georgia, located in the metro-Atlanta area, handles these right-turn movements. The study identifies application of various right-turn strategies based on observed field operation conditions. A comparative analysis of applications based on a two-year crash history helps to identify (preliminarily) possible safety limitations associated with the various right-turn strategies. The primary objective of this study is to share considerations, strategies, and limitations of the various right-turn configurations and to identify strategies appropriate for further in-depth analysis.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Alternatives analysis
KW - Cobb County (Georgia)
KW - Highway design
KW - Right turn lanes
KW - Right turn on red
KW - Right turns
KW - Signalized intersections
KW - Traffic control
KW - Traffic crashes
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686645
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812411
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Hummer, J E
AU - Reid, J D
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - UNCONVENTIONAL LEFT-TURN ALTERNATIVES FOR URBAN AND SUBURBAN ARTERIALS: AN UPDATE
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 17 p.
AB - Many arterials are hopelessly congested. In many places, engineers have done as much as they can with conventional improvements. Advances like intelligent transportation systems will not provide widespread assistance on arterials for many years. To help treat this impasse, the first author wrote a series for ITE describing seven unconventional design alternatives for arterials. The purposes of this paper are to review five of those alternatives -- the median U-turn, bowtie, superstreet, jughandle, and continuous flow intersection -- and to summarize new information about them. After presenting the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative, the paper suggests when analysts should consider one during feasibility studies and functional designs.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Alternatives analysis
KW - Arterial highways
KW - Highway design
KW - Left turns
KW - Suburbs
KW - Traffic congestion
KW - Urban highways
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686647
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812404
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Dixon, K K
AU - Hibbard, J L
AU - Mroczka, C
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF MEDIAN TREATMENT FOR DEVELOPED URBAN ROADS
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 13 p.
AB - This paper reviews the public perception of the raised median and continuous two-way left-turn lane for three median improvement projects in developed land-use corridors. Each project received substantial citizen feedback regarding median treatment during the public informational meeting process. Citizen comments focused on adjacent land use, access, safety, and cost considerations.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Access
KW - Costs
KW - Highway design
KW - Highway safety
KW - Improvements
KW - Land use
KW - Medians
KW - Public opinion
KW - Raised medians
KW - Two way left turn lanes
KW - Urban highways
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686634
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812408
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Gattis, J L
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - URBAN STREET CROSS SECTION AND SPEED ISSUES
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 17 p.
AB - This paper discusses some impacts of restricted cross section design choices (traveled way width, parking on narrow streets, appurtenances and vegetation close to the curb) on travel speed, safety, and driver convenience.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Convenience
KW - Cross sections
KW - Highway design
KW - Highway safety
KW - Operating speed
KW - Urban highways
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686641
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812414
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Scott, C P
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR EXISTING UTILITY POLES IN URBAN AREAS
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 5 p.
AB - Highway and street projects in urban areas often involve conflicts with existing utility poles. In determining what effect utility poles may have on a project and how they should be handled, full consideration should be given to measures to ensure the safety of the traveling public and features to protect the operation, integrity, and visual quality of the highway or street. These measures and features should reflect sound engineering principles and economic data, and should be based upon minimum offset and clear zone distances, crash experience, and available countermeasures.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Aesthetics
KW - Clear zones
KW - Countermeasures
KW - Crash data
KW - Highway design
KW - Highway operations
KW - Highway safety
KW - Offset distance
KW - Urban areas
KW - Utility poles
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686652
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812398
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Ewing, R
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - MOBILITY-FRIENDLY STREET STANDARDS FOR DELAWARE
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 8 p.
AB - New subdivision street standards are under consideration for statewide adoption by the Delaware Department of Transportation. If they are accepted, this will be the first time such "skinny" street standards have been adopted at such a high level of government. The goal is to scale down, traffic calm, and pedestrianize subdivision streets, recognizing that subdivision streets are extensions of residents' living environments.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Delaware
KW - Design standards
KW - Highway design
KW - Pedestrians
KW - Streets
KW - Subdivisions
KW - Traffic calming
KW - Urban highways
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686623
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812406
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Wooldridge, M D
AU - Fitzpatrick, K
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - CONTINUOUS SPEED MEASUREMENT OF INDIVIDUAL DRIVERS ON SUBURBAN ARTERIALS
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 11 p.
AB - Driver speed choice is influenced in part by the geometric characteristics of the roadway. Developing a better understanding of this influence on drivers would aid designers in matching their roadway designs to the eventual operating conditions. A limited study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using individual drivers in an instrumented test vehicle to study the influence of geometric elements on speed. It was concluded that although the technique was limited because of sample size requirements and the time required to collect data for each individual, strong statistical comparisons could be made using this type of data.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Arterial highways
KW - Geometric design
KW - Highway design
KW - Human subject testing
KW - Instrumented vehicles
KW - Operating speed
KW - Suburbs
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686638
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812394
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Burden, D
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - STREET DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR HEALTHY NEIGHBORHOODS
PY - 2000/12
IS - 501
SP - 15 p.
AB - A major shift in the way we design neighborhoods is taking place across America and street design is re-emerging as a major element of neighborhood street engineering, town planning and real estate development. These guidelines identify ways to design new neighborhoods that will be more interactive, walkable, enjoyable and livable.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Guidelines
KW - Highway design
KW - Land use planning
KW - Neighborhoods
KW - Real estate development
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686616
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812396
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Kubilins, M A
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - DESIGNING FUNCTIONAL STREETS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO OUR QUALITY OF LIFE
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 5 p.
AB - Traffic engineers are encouraged to design local streets that accommodate modal choices. This can be accomplished through understanding the safety in speed differentials between modes and using a design speed equal to the desired speed. As engineers, we are inspired to help form a high quality of life. As traffic engineers, we translate that quality of life into safety and efficiency. However, our focus on safety and efficiency has become clouded. We need to refocus on modal choices: pedestrians, bicycles, automobiles, and transit. Traffic engineers continuously analyze safety and efficiency. Safety focuses on reducing the number of conflict points, which has led to segregation of modal choices. We design roadways without room for bicycles, and intersections that restrict access movements. The public has forgotten how to share the road. Efficiency is measured in terms of speed and delay. Signal systems are designed for continuous flow. Access is managed by limiting the number of driveways and left turn movements. The roadway is designed for the safe and efficient movement of automobiles only. This preoccupation has distracted us from our original goal to help form a high quality of life. The segregation has taken away our choices and made us dependent upon the automobile. If we can provide safe, efficient roadways for the public making modal choices, then we are meeting the commitment to a high quality of life. Traffic engineers should create streetscapes that do not force people to drive to parks, the grocery store, school, and work.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Access control (Transportation)
KW - Design speed
KW - Highway design
KW - Mode choice
KW - Quality of life
KW - Streets
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686619
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812395
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Wolshon, B
AU - Wahl, J
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - PLANNING AND DESIGN OF A SUBURBAN NEOTRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 15 p.
AB - Within the past decade there has been a desire in many urban areas of the United States to create more "livable" communities. One direction of thinking in this "new urbanism" promotes the revival of traditionally styled land-use developments in which people live, work, and shop all within a pedestrian-oriented community. While such communities are common in large urban areas and small rural cities, they are rarely seen in suburban communities. One effort to revive a traditionally styled community within suburbia has taken place in the City of Novi, Michigan. This paper highlights some of the design elements of the project and discusses how the planning and design process influenced the appearance and function of this neotraditional district.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Highway design
KW - Land use planning
KW - Neighborhoods
KW - Neotraditional design
KW - Novi (Michigan)
KW - Real estate development
KW - Suburbs
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686618
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812392
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Billiar, K
AU - Weissenborn, K
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - CITIZEN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: A WORKING MODEL
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 10 p.
AB - All communities, regardless of their location or size, face the need to re-think and plan their transportation futures. In recent history transportation planning has begun to move from the formal public hearings to more input and consensus based processes. To facilitate this trend it has become necessary for transportation officials to communicate technical information in a manner that is accessible and understandable. One technique that has come into increasing use is that of graphic visualization. This method, while very effective in presenting a variety of planning and design options to a community, runs the risk of closing down dialogue by being "too formal" or "too final" in its appearance. To bridge the gap between information and public dialogue the Minnesota Department of Transportation has begun using a process called the Transportation Action Model (TAM). The TAM, initiated and designed by a national consortium led by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, was created with two guiding principles. First, sound transportation systems and the decisions behind them are critical to the social and economic well-being of communities. Second, informed community participation creates better transportation decisions. By linking technical information with a citizen-driven decision process, the TAM helps communities produce their own blueprint for local action. In 21 weeks, with a minimum of 25 participants from a broad range of transportation stakeholders and citizens, a community can become an active voice in their transportation future. Two rural communities in Minnesota, Two Harbors and Nisswa, challenged themselves and their planning histories by using the TAM. Both communities, each with unique transportation histories and development, sought this model as a way to deal with existing congestion impacts and future development pressures. Through public dialogue and graphic visualization, each community could frame and prioritize local transportation issues and develop potential solutions, creating a Transportation Action Plan that will assist the formal transportation plans and decisions of the future.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Decision making
KW - Highway planning
KW - Land use planning
KW - Minnesota
KW - Public participation
KW - Rural areas
KW - Traffic congestion
KW - Transportation planning
KW - Visualization
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686612
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812393
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Williams, K M
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT IN MEDIAN PROJECTS
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 8 p.
AB - Transportation projects that affect property access tend to be controversial. This is true whether the impacts are temporary, such as access impacts during construction, or permanent, such as the construction of a raised median. With median projects, typical public concerns relate to economic impacts on businesses, access for delivery vehicles, safety of U-turns, circuity of access, and neighborhood accessibility. Such concerns can escalate into active opposition where citizens are not kept adequately informed of project design decisions, or feel they have been excluded from the decision-making process. Agencies experienced with median projects find that techniques such as one on one briefings and open house meetings are more effective for addressing public concerns and less contentious than public hearings. This paper reviews the experiences of the Florida Department of Transportation in carrying out its statewide median program and provides strategies that other agencies may consider for involving the public in median projects.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Access
KW - Access control (Transportation)
KW - Accessibility
KW - Decision making
KW - Economic impacts
KW - Florida
KW - Highway safety
KW - Medians
KW - Neighborhoods
KW - Public participation
KW - Raised medians
KW - Strategic planning
KW - U turns
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/686614
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00812391
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - URBAN STREET SYMPOSIUM: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, DALLAS, TEXAS, JUNE 28-30, 1999
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - v.p.
AB - The Urban Street Symposium was attended by about 200 planners, engineers, and other urban street design professionals. The symposium has the following objectives: (1) Provide a forum for comparison and debate of alternative urban street design practices; (2) Highlight problems caused by certain design practices, and better alternatives; (3) Promote applications of research; (4) Reconsider long-held urban street design practices in light of the "new urbanism" movement; (5) Document better urban street design practices; (6) Show "how to do it"; (7) Share innovations with others; and (8) Transfer urban street research findings to state agencies and to local governments. This circular contains 36 symposium papers that were submitted for publication. They have been grouped into the following subject areas: (A) Public Involvement: Examples and Models; (B) Layout and Functional Classification: Different Paradigms; (C) Access Management: The Best Idea Since the Interstate System; (D) Street Speed: Management and Accommodation; (E) Intersections: Where It All Comes Together; (F) Cross Sections: Allocating the Width; (G) ADA and Peds; (H) Safety and Design: Quality Control; (I) Traffic Calming: Experiences and Examples; and (J) Flexible and Neotraditional Designs: Pro and Con.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Access control (Transportation)
KW - Conferences
KW - Cross sections
KW - Design standards
KW - Highway classification
KW - Highway design
KW - Highway safety
KW - Innovation
KW - Intersections
KW - Layout
KW - Pedestrians
KW - Public participation
KW - Speed control
KW - Traffic calming
KW - Urban highways
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/EC019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/682334
ER -
TY - CONF
AN - 00810913
JO - Transportation Research Circular
PB - Transportation Research Board
AU - Gilliland, C W
AU - Transportation Research Board
TI - STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT RESEARCH NEEDS FOR STATE DEPARTMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION
PY - 2000/12
IS - E C019
SP - 84 p.
AB - A 2-day workshop in Minneapolis from June 25 to 27, 2000 responded to a strong interest in having peer-to-peer discussions among CEOs and senior staff of the state departments of transportation (DOTs) about their experiences in managing internal and external change. The transportation executives shared their experiences in three facilitated sessions, using a "conversation circle" format. Sessions were organized around these topics: Strategic Planning-Driven Initiatives; Workforce and Reorganization-Driven Initiatives; and Process and Program Delivery-Driven Initiatives. Workshop participants used the output of these discussions to identify research that would help state DOTs lead and manage their changing organizations. In addition to crafting research problem statements in the three subject areas, participants added a further category called "Cross-Cutting Issues." This Circular was prepared following the workshop. For each of the four subject areas it provides an overview, key challenges, current activities, lessons learned, research needs, and research needs statements. Appendices contain the workshop program, conference participants, a slide presentation summarizing the issues, a summary of the CEO discussion session "Where Are We Going? What Have We Learned?", and an executive summary of the workshop and the resulting research agenda.
U1 - Urban Street SymposiumTransportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.Dallas, Texas StartDate:19990628 EndDate:19990630 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; American Society of Civil Engineers; Federal Highway Administration; Institute of Transportation Engineers; and National Association of County Engineers.
KW - Executives
KW - Labor force
KW - Program management
KW - Reorganization
KW - Research
KW - Research problem statements
KW - State departments of transportation
KW - Strategic planning
KW - Workshops
UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/EC019/ec019.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/684704
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00811138
AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP
AU - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - NEW TREATMENT COMBINATIONS FOR VEGETATION MANAGEMENT ALONG INDIANA ROADSIDES - PHASE II
PY - 2000/12
SP - 43 p.
AB - This report represents results from a project for research to develop and implement new treatment mixtures for control of problem brush, trees and other woody species, and herbicide-resistant weeds along Indiana roadsides. An environmentally safe mixture of triclopry (Garlon Herbicide) and ammonium nitrate for one application control of brush and for chemical pruning of trees was developed. Also developed were new, environmentally safe and effective mixtures of triclopyr, clopyralid ammonium nitrate, and a novel TR-III for brush control mixture and for possible use for the control of milkweed, Canada thistle, bindweed, ground cherry and other perennial, herbicide-resistant roadside weeds.
KW - Brush control
KW - Environmental quality
KW - Herbicides
KW - Indiana
KW - Roadside
KW - Trees
KW - Vegetation control
KW - Weed control
UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1626&context=jtrp
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679745
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00811140
AU - Nelson, E
AU - Abbas, M
AU - Shoup, G
AU - Bullock, D
AU - Gallagher, R
AU - Purdue University/Indiana Department of Transportation JHRP
AU - Indiana Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - DEVELOPMENT OF CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM EVALUATION PROCEDURES
PY - 2000/12
SP - 430 p.
AB - Modern traffic control systems are complex entities whose performance should be thoroughly quantified prior to deployment. However, may of the advanced features available with this control equipment, such as preemption and real-time control strategies, are typically proprietary in nature, and therefore not incorporated into standard simulation models. Since it is not desirable for the engineer to learn in a field environment, under live traffic conditions, this research presents a rational procedure for evaluating and validating such control strategies in a laboratory setting. This document explores three aspects of traffic signal systems, which include the advanced control settings for single controller diamond interchanges, the impact evaluation of emergency vehicle preemption on signalized corridor operation, and an analysis of the more complex Traffic Responsive (TRP) control strategies available with the modern equipment. Each of these areas have been evaluated using quantitative data obtained from the CORSIM simulation model that communicates with the actual control equipment through the use of a Controller Interface Device (CID). The results for each of the study areas have been tabulated, plotted, and discussed. These case studies serve as models of how the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) may want to request future traffic signal timing contracts to structure and present the performance of signal timing alternatives.
KW - Diamond interchanges
KW - Emergency vehicles
KW - Evaluation
KW - Impacts
KW - Loops (Control systems)
KW - Real time control
KW - Signalized intersections
KW - Simulation
KW - Traffic control devices
KW - Traffic responsive control
KW - Traffic signal control systems
KW - Traffic signal preemption
KW - Traffic signal timing
UR - http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1539&context=jtrp
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679748
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00809389
AU - Federal Highway Administration
AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
TI - NATIONAL FERRY DATABASE
PY - 2000/12
SP - n.p.
AB - The Federal Highway Administration has developed a comprehensive inventory of existing ferry operations in the U.S. and its possessions. Produced here on CD-ROM, this is an extensive and detailed set of data and information regarding ferry operators, routes, terminals and vessels that until now was either unavailable, incomplete or insufficient. The scope of operations included are: fixed route, common carrier, passenger and/or vehicle (RoRo) ferry service and rail car float operations. A relational database format was used and provides for reporting the information at various levels. A fully georeferenced database of ferry terminals and route segments was included.
KW - CD-ROM
KW - Common carriers
KW - Databases
KW - Ferry service
KW - Fixed routes
KW - Operators (Persons)
KW - Roll on roll off ships
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673865
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00808639
AU - Yu, F
AU - Pardyjak, E R
AU - Arizona State University, Tempe
AU - Arizona Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - MODELING THE TRANSPORT OF NON-ATTAINMENT POLLUTANTS IN THE "HOT SPOT" REGION OF THE NORTH CENTRAL PHOENIX VALLEY
PY - 2000/12
SP - 46 p.
AB - The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of new stretches of freeways (Loop 101 and 51) in the north Phoenix Valley. The strengths and locations of pollution "Hot Spots" in this area have been found to be related to the meteorological conditions. Based on the model results, the new freeway extensions would increase the pollutant concentration (i.e., CO) in the surrounding area. Different scenarios have been used to simulate the pollutant dispersion over the Valley by using the CAL3QHC model.
KW - Air pollution
KW - Carbon monoxide
KW - Computer models
KW - Freeway extensions
KW - Freeways
KW - Meteorology
KW - Nonattainment areas
KW - Phoenix (Arizona)
KW - Pollutant dispersion
KW - Strategic planning
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17859/PB2001104780.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673424
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00808587
AU - Cammermayer, J W
AU - Horner, R R
AU - Chechowitz, N
AU - Washington State Transportation Center
AU - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - VEGETATED STORMWATER FACILITY MAINTENANCE
PY - 2000/12
SP - 251 p.
AB - This study had three objectives and associated work components: Component 1 - assess routine highway ditch cleaning alternatives ("Service Levels") for water quality benefits; Component 2 - survey biofiltration swales to evaluate conditions promoting water quality benefits; and Component 3 - assess restabilization and revegetation options for use after ditch cleaning and for restoring biofiltration swale vegetation. Component 1 tested the water quality effects of three Service Levels in freeway ditches: (1) excavated to original elevation and shape along the upstream three-quarters of the length and then sodded, (2) excavated along the entire length and straw-covered, and (3) excavated along the upstream three-quarters of the length and then straw-covered. Component 2 surveyed representative swales along central Puget Sound area highways for a variety of geometric, hydraulic and vegetative characteristics. Survey data were analyzed to develop maintenance, design, and construction guidelines. In Component 3 vegetation establishment from seed was assessed in replicate plots in a freeway ditch with the assistance of restabilization aids: (1) coconut fiber blanket, (2) straw held in place with stapled jute mat, (3) straw without covering, and (4) polyacrylamide (PAM). Cost-benefit analyses were performed in Components 1 and 3. The overall best Service Level for water quality benefits was excavating the first three quarters and retaining vegetation in the remainder. The ditch treated in this manner was capable of reducing total suspended solids (TSS) by approximately 40%, total phosphorus by about 50%, and total and dissolved Cu and Zn each by roughly 20 to 25%. It is recommended as the standard procedure when cleaning ditches that discharge to a natural receiving water. Analysis of survey data showed that biofiltration swales with broad side slopes, wide bases, and total storage volumes equivalent to 3 in. of runoff from the impervious drainage area consistently supported good vegetation cover and showed few signs of damage. For assisting grass growth, straw held in place with stapled jute mat had a clear advantage in effectiveness over the alternatives and a slight economy advantage over the coconut mat.
KW - Benefit cost analysis
KW - Cleaning
KW - Coconut fiber blankets
KW - Ditches
KW - Freeways
KW - Jute mats
KW - Polyacrylamide
KW - Revegetation
KW - Runoff
KW - Stormwater facilities
KW - Straw
KW - Swales
KW - Water quality management
UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/495.1.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673391
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00808575
AU - Volle, T H
AU - Illinois Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - PERFORMANCE OF RUBBERIZED ASPHALT PAVEMENTS IN ILLINOIS
PY - 2000/12
SP - 133 p.
AB - In 1991, the Illinois Department of Transportation began a program to incorporate scrap tire rubber as a modifier in selected hot-mix asphalt (HMA) paving projects. This effort was a response to the requirements of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). In 1995, when the department ended its efforts in crumb rubber modifier (CRM) usage, eleven crumb rubber projects had been constructed. By that time, Section 1038 of ISTEA was modified by subsequent federal legislation and the mandate was repealed. Two methods were used in Illinois to combine CRM with HMA: the wet process and the dry process. Two terms have been used in Illinois to define the various quantities of CRM added to HMA: variable rate and fixed rate. Variable rate defines a small quantity of CRM added to the HMA: no more than 5 lb of CRM per ton of HMA. Fixed rate defines a larger quantity: no less than 20 lb of CRM per ton of HMA. This report includes a cost summary in which the final bid prices of HMA containing CRM for each project are compared to costs of conventional HMA in Illinois. However, the main purpose of this report is to summarize the performance monitoring of the eleven crumb rubber modified HMA projects in Illinois through March 31, 1999. Performance monitoring of most of the rubberized asphalt pavements includes the following: visual distress surveys and surface property characteristics (friction, International Roughness Index, and rutting).
KW - Asphalt rubber
KW - Condition surveys
KW - Costs
KW - Crumb rubber
KW - Dry process
KW - Friction
KW - Hot mix asphalt
KW - Illinois
KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991
KW - International Roughness Index
KW - Mix design
KW - Monitoring
KW - Pavement distress
KW - Pavement performance
KW - Roughness
KW - Rutting
KW - Scrap tires
KW - Wet process
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673379
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00808700
AU - Federal Highway Administration
AU - Federal Transit Administration
AU - Department of Transportation
TI - TRANSPORTATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE. CASE STUDIES
PY - 2000/12
SP - v.p.
AB - The report defines environmental justice as identification and addressing the effects of all programs, policies, and activities of all federal agencies on minority and low income populations. The case studies provide information on: profile of ways various transportation agencies have integrated environmental justice consideration in their activities to improve transportation decision making; documentation of both analytical and procedural issues relevant to a diverse transportation community including: federal, state, local agencies, transit providers, and other partnering government agencies, community organizations, environmental interest and environmental advocacy groups, businesses, academic institutions, and the public; and illumination of effective practices on how to better promote environmental justice principles.
KW - Advocacy groups
KW - Case studies
KW - Discrimination
KW - Environmental justice
KW - Environmental policy
KW - Low income groups
KW - Minorities
KW - Regulatory constraints
KW - Socioeconomic factors
KW - Sustainable development
KW - User benefits
UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ejustice/case/ejbooklt.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673842
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806962
AU - Barrett, M L
AU - Agent, K R
AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington
AU - Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - EVALUATION OF SMARTSONIC CONSTRUCTION ZONE SAFETY SYSTEM
PY - 2000/12
SP - 15 p.
AB - A system described as a Dynamic Work Zone Safety System (also referred to as a SmartSonic System because of the sensor used) was evaluated in this report. The system is a series of portable control stations placed prior to a lane closure in a work zone. The control station contains a "merge" sign, flashers, and a SmartSonic sensor. The sensor monitors the acoustic energy generated by vehicles to determine vehicle presence, length, and speed. If traffic congestion reaches the predetermined threshold value, the sensor will activate the upstream sign's flashing beacons. This will alert drivers to merge into the continuous lane sooner. This will continue until all upstream signs are activated or until congestion is reduced below the threshold value. The overall conclusion of the evaluation was that the concept of an active sign informing motorists when to merge is beneficial. However, the existing signs were not dependable in their operation. This system would only work effectively at high volume locations where there would be a high number of anticipated backups. Also, the criteria used to determine when and for how long a sign should be activated must be more clearly defined to ensure the signs operate in a logical and consistent manner.
KW - Flashers
KW - Lane closure
KW - Merging control
KW - Portable equipment
KW - Sensors
KW - Signs
KW - Traffic congestion
KW - Work zone traffic control
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672903
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806945
AU - Harries, K A
AU - Petrou, M F
AU - University of South Carolina, Columbia
AU - South Carolina Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - CONTINUED INVESTIGATION OF STRAND SLIPPAGE IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PILES - VOLUME II - DESIGN AND BEHAVIOR OF PRESTRESSED PILE TO CAST-IN-PLACE PILE CAP CONNECTIONS
PY - 2000/12
SP - 21 p.
AB - This investigation studied the capacity of square pile-to-pile cap connections where the pile is simply embedded in the cast-in-place pile cap. Experimental and analytical results are presented. It is shown that the plain embedment can develop the flexural capacity of the pile without distress to the pile cap or connection region provided that a sufficient embedment length is provided. Equations for determining the required embedment length are provided. Conservatively, a plain embedment length equal to the width of the embedded pile is recommended.
KW - Bearing capacity
KW - Embedment (Building)
KW - Equations
KW - Length
KW - Pile caps
KW - Piles (Supports)
KW - Prestressed concrete
KW - Structural connection
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672889
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806946
AU - Gassman, Sarah L
AU - Schroeder, A J
AU - Ray, R P
AU - University of South Carolina, Columbia
AU - South Carolina Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF EXISTING HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE PIPE
PY - 2000/12
SP - 244 p.
AB - A study has been performed to evaluate the performance of existing High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipe used for drainage applications in South Carolina. The study included a literature review and three surveys of local, state and federal agencies to evaluate current practice and existing research on the performance of HDPE pipe. A total of 45 HDPE pipes were inspected throughout South Carolina. The sites were statistically selected based on geographical location, diameter, use and age. The condition of each pipe was not known prior to selection for inspection. Pipe performance was evaluated with respect to AASHTO specifications, measurements of pipe deflection with a mandrel set to 5% deflection and visual inspections using a video camera. The video camera inspections revealed circumferential cracks in 18% of the pipes, localized bulges in 20% of the pipes and tears or punctures in 7% of the pipes. End damage was observed in 13% of the pipes. Deflections greater than 5% were observed in 20% of the pipes. Installation problems such as poor preparation of bedding soils, inappropriate backfill material, and inadequate backfill cover appear to be significant in the performance of HDPE pipe in South Carolina. Overall, the pipes were performing well, maintaining a relatively round shape with limited structural distress. This study did not reveal any HDPE pipe installations that have failed such that they need to be removed and replaced. Recommendations to improve the performance of HDPE pipe in South Carolina include training maintenance crews in the laying of plastic pipe, following ASTM D-2321 installation procedures, inspecting the pipes after installation, and developing a plan to inspect a percentage of pipes each year.
KW - Backfilling
KW - Cracking
KW - Deflection
KW - Deformation
KW - Drain pipe
KW - High density polyethylene
KW - Inspection
KW - Installation
KW - Literature reviews
KW - Maintenance personnel
KW - Performance evaluations
KW - Plastic pipe
KW - South Carolina
KW - State of the practice
KW - Surveys
KW - Tearing
KW - Training
KW - Video cameras
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672890
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806931
AU - Chojnacki, T
AU - Missouri Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - EVALUATION OF FIBER-REINFORCED UNBONDED OVERLAY
PY - 2000/12
SP - 59 p.
AB - Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is a composite material consisting of portland cement concrete (PCC) and discontinuous natural, steel or plastic fibers. The inclusion of fibers in concrete results in improved energy absorbing characteristics of the concrete. Energy absorption is directly or indirectly related to properties such as crack propagation resistance, ductility, impact resistance, fatigue performance and durability. A concrete unbonded overlay was constructed on I-29 in Atchison County. Eight test sections were established in the unbonded overlay. Three of the test sections were reinforced with steel fibers, three of the test sections were reinforced with polyolefin fibers and two of the test sections were non-reinforced PCC. There were fiber-reinforced test sections 9 in., 6 in. and 5 in. thick for each type of fiber reinforcement. Transverse joint spacing varied in the fiber-reinforced sections from 15 ft to 200 ft. The two non-reinforced PCC test sections were 9 in. and 11 in. and all transverse joints were spaced 15 ft. The overlay was diamond ground at least 21 days after construction to provide the finished texture. The profilograph readings of the finished pavement measured less than 11 in./mi with a zero blanking band. The International Roughness Index (IRI) averaged 67. Both of these measures are indicative of very smooth pavement. The compressive and flexural strength of polyolefin fiber-reinforced samples were slightly lower than the non-reinforced concrete. The compressive and flexural strength of the steel fiber-reinforced concrete were comparable to the non-reinforced concrete. Some transverse cracking has appeared in the fiber-reinforced sections of the unbonded overlay. In general, more cracking has developed in the steel fiber-reinforced sections than the polyolefin fiber-reinforced sections. Thinner sections exhibited more cracking than the thicker sections and longer panels exhibited more cracking than shorter panels.
KW - Atchison County (Missouri)
KW - Compressive strength
KW - Concrete overlays
KW - Diamond grinding
KW - Fiber reinforced concrete
KW - Flexural strength
KW - International Roughness Index
KW - Interstate highways
KW - Polymer fibers
KW - Profilographs
KW - Spacing
KW - Steel fibers
KW - Test sections
KW - Thickness
KW - Transverse cracking
KW - Transverse joints
KW - Unbonded overlays
KW - Unreinforced concrete
UR - http://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/Ri97015/RDT00015c.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672875
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806937
AU - Dailey, Donald J
AU - Meyers, D
AU - Pond, L
AU - Washington State Transportation Center
AU - Washington State Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - A SELF-DESCRIBING DATA TRANSFER METHODOLOGY FOR ITS APPLICATIONS: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PY - 2000/12
SP - 30 p.
AB - A wide variety of remote sensors used in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications (loops, probe vehicles, radar, cameras) has created a need for general methods by which data can be shared among agencies and users who own disparate computer systems. In this paper, the authors present a methodology that demonstrates that it is possible to create, encode, and decode a self-describing data stream using the following: (1) existing data description language standards; (2) parsers to enforce language compliance; (3) a simple content language that flows out of the data description language; and (4) architecture neutral encoders and decoders based an ASN.1.
KW - Data sharing
KW - Data transfers
KW - Intelligent transportation systems
KW - Self describing data
UR - http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/463.2.pdf
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17900/17923/PB2001105102.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672881
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806909
AU - Chong, S-L
AU - Yao, Y
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - LABORATORY AND TEST-SITE TESTING OF MOISTURE-CURED URETHANES ON STEEL IN SALT-RICH ENVIRONMENT
PY - 2000/12
SP - 75 p.
AB - Three 3-coat moisture-cured (MC) urethane commercial products formulated for protecting new steel (SSPC-SP 10) and power tool-cleaned steel (SSPC-SP 3) surfaces against corrosion were evaluated; the total coating film thickness was about 75 microns. Zinc-rich MC-urethane primers were used for SSPC-SP 10 steel surfaces whereas the primers for SSPC-SP 3 surfaces contained zero or a small amount of zinc; the same midcoats and topcoats were used for both steel surfaces. Sealers with film thickness of 25 microns were also studied for any potential effect on coating performance of the coating systems for power tool-cleaned surface. The volatile-organic-compound content of all the coating materials was below 340 g/L. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)-developed cyclic testing method was conducted to compare the performance of these coating systems. The test included freeze, ultraviolet light/condensation, and salt-fog/dry-air cycles. An aggressive outdoor marine exposure at Sea Isle City, New Jersey, was also performed for all the coating systems for comparison. A number of physical and chemical properties of the MC-urethanes were examined to study their effect on coating performance. All of the coating systems maintained their total film thickness, topcoat hardness, and adhesion strength throughout the 4,000-h test period. The three commercial products were found to contain different chemical compositions and performed differently. All the coating systems had an adhesion strength about 10.5 MPa. No surface failures were observed on any of the test panels after the 4,000-h laboratory test; however, all of them developed creepages at an intentional scribe (undercutting). The laboratory test results in conjunction with the chemical analysis results suggested that pigment particle size distribution in the primers played a more important role than other factors in the formation of creepage at the scribe. A proper pigment particle gradation improved the coating performance. A chloride concentration of 20 micrograms per sq cm on the steel surfaces was found to be significant to reduce the coating performance at the scribe of SSPC-SP 10 steel surfaces; however, the chloride effect was found to be minimal for SSPC-SP 3 steel surfaces. Interestingly, all the scribe creepages increased linearly with the laboratory test time up to 4,000 h. Furthermore, the addition of a sealer to the primer/midcoat/topcoat systems unexpectedly impaired the performance at the scribe on SSPC-SP 3 steel surfaces when compared with those systems without a sealer. On the other hand, a coating system with sealer/primer/topcoat without a midcoat developed severe underfilm corrosion probably due to insufficient film thickness.
KW - Adhesive strength
KW - Chemical composition
KW - Chlorides
KW - Corrosion protection
KW - Creep
KW - Field tests
KW - Hardness
KW - Laboratory tests
KW - Particle size distribution
KW - Performance tests
KW - Pigments
KW - Protective coatings
KW - Seal coats
KW - Steel
KW - Thickness
KW - Urethane
KW - Volatile organic compounds
KW - Zinc
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11500/11588/009914.pdf
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17800/17876/PB2001104848.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672852
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806887
AU - Tia, M
AU - Roque, R
AU - Popik, M
AU - Collins-Garcia, H
AU - University of Florida, Gainesville
AU - Florida Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - EVALUATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE SOLVENT FOR EXTRACTION OF ASPHALT TO REDUCE HEALTH HAZARDS
PY - 2000/12
SP - 196 p.
AB - The asphalt extraction and recovery procedure is a vital part of the quality control and assurance of asphalt pavement recycling projects in Florida. This study investigated the suitability of using EnSolv, a n-Propyl Bromide based solvent produced by EnviroTech International, as a replacement for the hazardous solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) in the asphalt solubility, extraction and recovery tests. The reclaimed EnSolv obtained from the recovery process was also evaluated for its possible re-use in the extraction and recovery procedure. The standard asphalt solubility test (ASTM Test Method D2042) was conducted on eight different asphalt binders using EnSolv and TCE. The results indicated that there was no practical difference between the two solvents. The maximum difference in results from the two solvents was 0.11%. In addition, this test method does not need any modification when using EnSolv as the solvent. The reclaimed EnSolv was not significantly different from the fresh EnSolv. From the health and safety information available, EnSolv appears to be a viable alternative to TCE, a known carcinogen and environmental hazard (depletion of ozone layer). EnSolv should, however, still be considered hazardous and appropriate precautions should be exercised during its storage, transportation, handling and use.
KW - Alternatives analysis
KW - Asphalt pavements
KW - Bromides
KW - Carcinogens
KW - Environmental impacts
KW - Extraction and recovery tests
KW - Quality assurance
KW - Quality control
KW - Recycling
KW - Solvents
KW - Trichloroethylene
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672829
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806868
AU - Turner, S M
AU - Carlson, P J
AU - Texas Transportation Institute
AU - Texas Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - PEDESTRIAN CROSSING GUIDELINES FOR TEXAS
PY - 2000/12
SP - 70 p.
AB - The purpose of this document is to recommend guidance and criteria on the provision of safe and effective pedestrian crossings. The guidelines should be useful to engineers and planners responsible for planning, designing, operating, and maintaining pedestrian facilities in Texas. The guidelines are intended to outline the numerous alternatives that are available to address pedestrian safety problems or public concerns at roadway crossings. The guidelines describe the following crossing treatments: Pedestrian Crossing Examples - examples of good and bad design at pedestrian crossings; Basic Pedestrian Crossing Signs and Markings; Innovative Pedestrian Crossing Signs, Markings, and Other Treatments; Traffic Calming Measures - used to control vehicle speeds near crossings; Proposed Revised Warrants for Traffic Signal Control; Grade Separation - guidance on providing pedestrian overpasses or underpasses; Special Conditions: School Crossings and Special Events; and Education and Enforcement Activities.
KW - Crosswalks
KW - Design
KW - Grade separations
KW - Guidelines
KW - Innovation
KW - Overpasses
KW - Pedestrian areas
KW - Pedestrian safety
KW - Pedestrian signs
KW - Road markings
KW - School crossings
KW - Special events
KW - Texas
KW - Traffic calming
KW - Traffic law enforcement
KW - Traffic safety education
KW - Traffic signal timing
KW - Underpasses
KW - Warrants (Traffic control devices)
UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/2136-2.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672810
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806871
AU - Arockiasamy, M
AU - Barbosa, M
AU - Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton
AU - Florida Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - EVALUATION OF CONVENTIONAL REPAIR TECHNIQUES FOR CONCRETE BRIDGES
PY - 2000/12
SP - 297 p.
AB - This study presents the findings of a comprehensive assessment of conventional methods of condition evaluation and repair of concrete bridges. Case studies involving different techniques practiced in the United States and Europe are presented in the report. The causes of deterioration of concrete are identified along with the methods of repair. The procedures for the recommended repair methods are outlined for the superstructure and substructure. The repair procedures include: patching, deck patching, crack injection, overlays, sealers, expansion joint repair, repair of prestressed concrete bridge girders using longitudinal external post tensioning and metal sleeve splice, bearings, scour, abutments, footings and pier rehabilitation.
KW - Bridge abutments
KW - Bridge bearings
KW - Bridge decks
KW - Bridge piers
KW - Bridge substructures
KW - Bridge superstructures
KW - Case studies
KW - Concrete
KW - Concrete bridges
KW - Crack injection
KW - Deterioration
KW - Europe
KW - Expansion joints
KW - Footings
KW - Girders
KW - Metal sleeve splicing
KW - Overlays (Pavements)
KW - Patching
KW - Posttensioning
KW - Prestressed concrete
KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW - Repairing
KW - Scour
KW - Sealing (Technology)
KW - United States
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672813
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806434
AU - Hoppe, Edward J
AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council
AU - Virginia Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - EVALUATION OF VIRGINIA'S FIRST HEATED BRIDGE
PY - 2000/12
SP - 33 p.
AB - This study is a contribution to the Heated Bridge Technology Program established in 1991 under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act. The goal of the program was to find durable and environmentally friendly heated bridge technologies for ice and snow removal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the first heated bridge built in Virginia. The bridge is on Route 60 over the Buffalo River in Amherst County. The project was monitored from its construction in 1995 through winter operations terminating in spring 2000. Data were collected remotely using an electronic datalogger interfaced with various temperature and environmental sensors. In addition, an infrared camera was used to examine heat distribution across the bridge deck. The results of the study demonstrated that heat pipe technology could provide a feasible option for heating decks. However, substantial problems were encountered in getting the system to perform as designed. It appears that the control aspect of this technology requires additional improvements to ensure reliable operation under field conditions.
KW - Bridges
KW - Data collection
KW - Feasibility analysis
KW - Heat distribution
KW - Heat pipes
KW - Heating systems
KW - Infrared analysis
KW - Monitoring
KW - Reliability
KW - Remote sensing
KW - Snow and ice control
KW - Virginia
UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/01-r8.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672692
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806436
AU - Buckler, James G
AU - Barton, Furman W
AU - Gomez, Jose P
AU - Massarelli, Peter J
AU - McKeel, Wallace T
AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council
AU - Virginia Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - EFFECT OF GIRDER SPACING ON BRIDGE DECK RESPONSE
PY - 2000/12
SP - 23 p.
AB - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the use of the commercial finite element code ABAQUS for analysis of reinforced concrete bridge decks and to employ this analysis package to determine the effect of girder spacing on deck response. A field test was conducted on the Willis River Bridge, and the response, including displacements and strains on the girders and deck surface, was measured. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to predict the overall structural response of the bridge. Model accuracy was verified with the response data acquired from the field test. Girder displacements, longitudinal and transverse deck strains, longitudinal deck strains, and natural frequencies of vibration were predicted with reasonable accuracy. The techniques used in the validated finite element model of the Willis River Bridge were implemented to model the Route 257 Bridge over Route 81 in Rockingham County, Virginia. This new model was used in a parameter study to investigate the effects of girder spacing on the stress that develops in the concrete deck. Future phases of this project will include studies that investigate the effect of other parameters such as skew and the need for top reinforcement in reinforced concrete bridges.
KW - Accuracy
KW - Bridge decks
KW - Displacements (Structural)
KW - Field tests
KW - Finite element method
KW - Girders
KW - Mathematical models
KW - Mathematical prediction
KW - Reinforced concrete
KW - Spacing
KW - Strain (Mechanics)
KW - Stresses
KW - Structural analysis
KW - Vibration
UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/01-r6.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672694
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806362
AU - Nagendra, Prashanth B
AU - Falcone, Thomas W
AU - Mohamed, A Amin
AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park
AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - DEVELOPING A LEARNING ORGANIZATION
PY - 2000/12
SP - 18 p.
AB - The report pertains to the long-term project undertaken by District 10-0 of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation to understand and promote the concepts of a learning organization using the principles espoused by MIT Professor Peter Senge. The training, as well as the instruction and facilitation of the year-long project, were done by three professors from the Department of Management at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. The project was intended to improve the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for organizational development and to integrate the principles of systems thinking in the organization. The results of the project and the training program, as evidenced by several testing and observation tools, show significant improvement in all the three aspects for the participants -- knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The report outlines the details of the project including the training program, the pedagogy, the composition of the groups of trainees, the tests, assignments, and results of the program. The report also outlines recommendations for the future.
KW - Attitudes
KW - Education and training
KW - Employees
KW - Knowledge
KW - Learning
KW - Motor skills
KW - Recommendations
KW - Senge, Peter
KW - Systems thinking
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17600/17634/PB2001102669.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672637
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806361
AU - Edgar, Rob
AU - Oregon Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - EVALUATION OF INFRARED TREATMENTS FOR MANAGING ROADSIDE VEGETATION
PY - 2000/12
SP - 154 p.
AB - Environmental concerns have prompted many agencies to seek alternatives to herbicides in controlling vegetation on roadway shoulders. This study was implemented to evaluate the potential for infrared technology to address this need. Infrared technology uses radiant energy to kill unwanted vegetation. Intense heat generated by liquid propane coagulates plant proteins and bursts cell walls, killing seedling plants and destroying the tops of established vegetation. Repeated treatments at regular intervals deplete the root reserves of established plants and lead to their decline and eradication. Infrared treatments were applied at three rates (8, 6 and 4 treatments/year) along Oregon highways from November 1996 through June 1999. These treatments were compared to shoulders treated with herbicides and to shoulders where vegetation was left unmanaged (control sites). Results suggest that infrared technology can keep vegetation under control on roadway shoulders.
KW - Environmental impacts
KW - Herbicides
KW - Infrared heating
KW - Oregon
KW - Performance evaluations
KW - Roadside flora
KW - Vegetation control
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10500/10534/infrared_veg.pdf
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10500/10536/infrared_app.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672636
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806355
AU - Alampalli, Sreenivas
AU - O'Connor, Jerome
AU - Yannotti, Arthur P
AU - New York State Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - DESIGN, FABRICATION, CONSTRUCTION, AND TESTING OF AN FRP SUPERSTRUCTURE
PY - 2000/12
SP - 59 p.
AB - New York engineers have been seeking alternatives to steel and concrete for bridge construction and rehabilitation that may be less vulnerable to environmental damage. In addition, rising public concerns about traffic delays experienced during the construction have increasingly influenced engineers to design bridges with materials and details that can be built rapidly. At the same time, life-cycle costs must be competitive with traditional materials because of limited resources available to maintain the highway infrastructure. Fiber-reinforced-polymer (FRP) composites are one such alternative material. New York has recently begun using and evaluating FRPs for bridge repair to strengthen deteriorated components, remove load postings, and prolong service life. This report describes one such application, that allowed a bridge superstructure to be replaced in significantly less time than a conventional bridge project, in a cost-effective manner. The bridge design, fabrication, installation, proof-testing, long-term monitoring program, and cost-benefit details are documented in this report.
KW - Benefit cost analysis
KW - Bridge design
KW - Bridge superstructures
KW - Composite materials
KW - Cost effectiveness
KW - Fiber reinforced plastics
KW - Fiber reinforced polymers
KW - Life cycle costing
KW - Monitoring
KW - New York (State)
KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW - Time
UR - https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d-repository/sr134.pdf
UR - https://www.dot.ny.gov/portal/page/portal/divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d-repository/sr134.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672631
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806346
AU - Blomberg, Jason M
AU - Missouri Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - U.S. HIGHWAY 36, SUPERPAVE OVERLAY OF SAND ANTI-FRACTURE LAYER OVER AC/PCC PAVEMENT
PY - 2000/12
SP - 46 p.
AB - The sand anti-fracture (SAF) technology was implemented on U.S. 36 in DeKalb County, Missouri, during the summer of 2000. The SAF layer is a fine aggregate graded asphalt mixture using highly polymerized asphalt binder that gives the SAF layer the ability to withstand more strain compared to a conventional asphalt mix. The SAF layer was incorporated into the Missouri Department of Transportation's (MoDOT's) rehabilitation strategy as a stress relieving membrane. The project includes two test sections that will be used to monitor the performance of the SAF layer. These test sections will be compared to each other to determine the SAF layers' effectiveness in reducing reflective cracking, decreasing future maintenance costs, and extending the life of an overlay. This interim report contains information regarding the construction of this project and initial SAF performance. Visual distress surveys and automated road analyzer (ARAN) data were conducted on the original pavement surface before construction to identify distressed pavement areas, and they also were conducted after construction to evaluate initial SAF performance. Visual distress surveys and ARAN data will be conducted annually until the performance of the SAF can be compared and evaluated to MoDOT's conventional methods, at which time a final report will summarize the findings.
KW - Automated road analyzer
KW - Concrete pavements
KW - Construction
KW - Membrane interlayer
KW - Overlays (Pavements)
KW - Pavement distress
KW - Performance evaluations
KW - Polymer asphalt
KW - Reflection cracking
KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance)
KW - Sand anti-fracture layer
KW - Service life
KW - Stress relieving
KW - Superpave
KW - Test sections
KW - Visual surveys
UR - http://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/Ri97045/RDT0001B.pdf
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/30000/30700/30710/RDT0001B.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672623
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806347
AU - Chandrashekhara, K
AU - Nanni, Antonio
AU - University of Missouri, Rolla
AU - Missouri Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - EXPERIMENTAL TESTING AND MODELING OF A FRP BRIDGE
PY - 2000/12
SP - 68 p.
AB - An all-composite bridge, 9.14 m (30 ft) long and 2.74 m (9 ft) wide, has been designed and built. The bridge was constructed using pultruded glass and carbon tubes. The performance of pultruded tubes, tube assembly, and quarter portion of the bridge deck were evaluated. The fatigue test on a quarter portion of the bridge served as a simple baseline of the long-term durability of the composite deck. The sample showed almost no reduction in stiffness or strength after 2 million cycles of fatigue loading in excess of the design load. The bridge was installed at the University of Missouri, Rolla, campus on July 29, 2000. The bridge is equipped with integral fiber optic sensors, and the response of the bridge will be remotely monitored.
KW - Bridge decks
KW - Composite structures
KW - Durability
KW - Fatigue tests
KW - Fiber optics
KW - Glass fiber reinforced plastics
KW - Monitoring
KW - Performance evaluations
KW - Pultruded glass
KW - Remote sensing
KW - Sensors
KW - Stiffness
KW - Strength of materials
KW - Tubing
UR - http://transportation.mst.edu/media/research/transportation/documents/003-cr.pdf
UR - https://library.modot.mo.gov/RDT/reports/Ri98032/RDT00-016.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672624
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806315
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - GEOTECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS
PY - 2000/12
SP - 16 p.
AB - The publications listed in this document report the results of research conducted by the Geotechnical Team, a part of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Infrastructure R&D in McLean, Virginia. This document also collates, categorizes, and integrates geotechnical information developed by other units of the FHWA; this material complements and aids in the implementation of geotechnical research outputs. The list of publications is organized by the following categories: Foundations - Bridge Foundations, Drilled Shafts, Pile Foundations, and Spread Footings; Ground Improvement - Chemical Grouting, Slope Stability, Earth Retaining Systems, Slurry Walls, Soil Nailing, Stone Columns, Geosynthetics, and Vertical (Wick) Drains; Soil and Rock Behavior - Expansive Soils, Frost Action, Shale, Soil Compaction and Stabilization, and Rock Slopes; Tunneling; and General - Computer Programs, Remote Sensing, Reviews-Workshops-Risk Analysis-Seismic-Earthquakes-etc., Testing, and Waste Utilization.
KW - Bridge foundations
KW - Chemical grouts
KW - Computer programs
KW - Drilled shafts
KW - Earth walls
KW - Earthquake engineering
KW - Expansive clays
KW - Foundations
KW - Frost action
KW - Geosynthetics
KW - Geotechnical engineering
KW - Ground improvement
KW - Pile foundations
KW - Publications
KW - Recycling
KW - Remote sensing
KW - Rockfalls
KW - Shale
KW - Slope stability
KW - Slurry walls
KW - Soil compaction
KW - Soil nailing
KW - Soil stabilization
KW - Spread footings
KW - Testing
KW - Tunneling
KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration
KW - Vertical drains
KW - Waste products
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/9000/9900/9909/00-167.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672592
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806312
AU - Hoerner, T E
AU - Darter, M I
AU - Khazanovich, L
AU - Titus-Glover, L
AU - Smith, K L
AU - ERES Consultants, Incorporated
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - IMPROVED PREDICTION MODELS FOR PCC PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE-RELATED SPECIFICATIONS, VOLUME I: FINAL REPORT
PY - 2000/12
SP - 220 p.
AB - The current performance-related specifications (PRS) methodology has been under development by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for several years and has now reached a level at which it can be implemented by State highway agencies. PRS for highway pavements depend heavily on performance prediction models to determine the impact of varying levels of construction quality. This study focused on the improvement of the key distress and smoothness prediction models used in the PRS for jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP). Performance models for transverse joint faulting, transverse slab cracking, transverse joint spalling, and smoothness [International Roughness Index (IRI)] were evaluated and then improved substantially. This was accomplished using a comprehensive national database of JPCP performance data, along with sound statistical and engineering techniques. Performance model calibration guidelines were also developed so that a State can calibrate any of these models specifically to its pavement performance data. The PaveSpec PRS demonstration software was upgraded to Version 3.0 under this study. Some of the specific improvements incorporated in PaveSpec 3.0 include: 1) incorporation of the improved distress indicator models, as well as the ability to calibrate or modify the default models, 2) sensitivity analysis capabilities, 3) expected pay charts, and 4) online help. Volume II (Appendix A) of this report contains a complete updated PaveSpec User's Guide.
KW - Calibration
KW - Concrete pavements
KW - Databases
KW - Faulting
KW - International Roughness Index
KW - Mathematical models
KW - Mathematical prediction
KW - Pavement distress
KW - Pavement performance
KW - Performance based specifications
KW - Quality assurance
KW - Road construction
KW - Sensitivity analysis
KW - Smoothness
KW - Software
KW - Spalling
KW - Transverse cracking
KW - Transverse joints
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10200/10253/00130.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672588
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806311
AU - Harwood, D W
AU - Council, F M
AU - Hauer, E
AU - Hughes, W E
AU - Vogt, A
AU - Midwest Research Institute
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - PREDICTION OF THE EXPECTED SAFETY PERFORMANCE OF RURAL TWO-LANE HIGHWAYS
PY - 2000/12
SP - 197 p.
AB - This report presents an algorithm for predicting the safety performance of a rural two-lane highway. The accident prediction algorithm consists of base models and accident modification factors for both roadway segments and at-grade intersections on rural two-lane highways. The base models provide an estimate of the safety performance of a roadway or intersection for a set of assumed nominal or base conditions. The accident modification factors adjust the base model predictions to account for the effects on safety for roadway segments of lane width, shoulder width, shoulder type, horizontal curves, grades, driveway density, two-way left-turn lanes, passing lanes, roadside design and the effects on safety for at-grade intersections of skew angle, traffic control, exclusive left- and right-turn lanes, sight distance, and driveways. The accident prediction algorithm is intended for application by highway agencies to estimate the safety performance of an existing or proposed roadway. The algorithm can be used to compare the anticipated safety performance of two or more geometric alternatives for a proposed highway improvement. The accident prediction algorithm includes a calibration procedure that can be used to adapt the predicted results to the safety conditions encountered by any particular highway agency on rural two-lane highways. The algorithm also includes an Empirical Bayes procedure that can be applied to utilize the safety predictions provided by the algorithm together with actual site-specific accident history data.
KW - Algorithms
KW - At grade intersections
KW - Bayes' theorem
KW - Calibration
KW - Crash data
KW - Driveways
KW - Empirical methods
KW - Geometric design
KW - Grade (Highways)
KW - Highway curves
KW - Highway safety
KW - Highway traffic control
KW - Horizontal curvature
KW - Improvements
KW - Left turn lanes
KW - Mathematical prediction
KW - Passing lanes
KW - Right turn lanes
KW - Road shoulders
KW - Roadside
KW - Rural highways
KW - Sight distance
KW - Skew angle
KW - Traffic crashes
KW - Traffic lanes
KW - Two lane highways
KW - Two way left turn lanes
KW - Width
UR - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/99207/99207.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672587
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00806313
AU - Hoerner, T E
AU - Darter, M I
AU - ERES Consultants, Incorporated
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - IMPROVED PREDICTION MODELS FOR PCC PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE-RELATED SPECIFICATIONS, VOLUME II: PAVESPEC 3.0 USER'S GUIDE
PY - 2000/12
SP - 125 p.
AB - The current performance-related specifications (PRS) methodology has been under development by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for several years and has now reached a level at which it can be implemented by State highway agencies. PRS for highway pavements depend heavily on performance prediction models to determine the impact of varying levels of construction quality. This study focused on the improvement of the key distress and smoothness prediction models used in the PRS for jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP). Performance models for transverse joint faulting, transverse slab cracking, transverse joint spalling, and smoothness [International Roughness Index (IRI)] were evaluated and them improved substantially. This was accomplished using a comprehensive national database of JPCP performance data, along with sound statistical and engineering techniques. Performance model calibration guidelines were also developed so that a State can calibrate any of these models specifically to its pavement performance data. The PaveSpec PRS demonstration software was upgraded to Version 3.0 under this study. Some of the specific improvements incorporated in PaveSpec 3.0 include: 1) incorporation of the improved distress indicator models, as well as the ability to calibrate or modify the default models, 2) sensitivity analysis capabilities, 3) expected pay charts, and 4) online help. This volume, Volume II (Appendix A), contains a complete updated PaveSpec User's Guide.
KW - Calibration
KW - Concrete pavements
KW - Databases
KW - Faulting
KW - International Roughness Index
KW - Mathematical models
KW - Mathematical prediction
KW - Pavement distress
KW - Pavement performance
KW - Performance based specifications
KW - Quality assurance
KW - Road construction
KW - Sensitivity analysis
KW - Smoothness
KW - Software
KW - Spalling
KW - Transverse cracking
KW - Transverse joints
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/10000/10100/10117/00131.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672589
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00804724
AU - Mueller, D S
AU - Landers, M N
AU - U.S. Geological Survey
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - PORTABLE INSTRUMENTATION FOR REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT OF SCOUR AT BRIDGES
PY - 2000/12
SP - 87 p.
AB - Portable scour-measuring systems were developed to meet the requirements of three different applications: bridge inspections, limited-detail data collection, and detailed data collection. A portable scour-measuring system consists of four components: (a) the instrument(s) for making the measurement, (2) a system for deploying the instrument(s), (3) a method to identify and record the horizontal position of the data collected, and (4) a data-storage device. Commercially available instruments were evaluated for use in measuring scour at bridges during floods. The systems developed consist primarily of commercially available instruments, which were modified and interfaced to achieve the required functionality. The bridge-inspection system is intended for use by bridge inspectors to measure the streambed elevation around piers and abutments to ensure the stability of bridge foundations. The system developed and described here uses a low-cost echo sounder to measure the water depth and a tethered float to deploy the transducer around the bridge piers and abutments. Data are recorded on a chart-recording echo sounder or in a notebook if the echo sounder has only a graphical or numerical display. The U.S. Geological Survey has been collecting limited-detail data on scour at bridges for several years. The only additional development for limited-detail data collection was to use a float to deploy the transducer of an echo sounder, which allows data to be collected beneath the bridge and along the sides of the piers. The detailed data collection system allows collection of detailed channel bathymetry and hydraulic data at the bridge and in the approach and exit reaches. Channel geometry is measured using a digital echo sounder; three-dimensional velocity profiles are collected using a broadband acoustic Doppler current profiler (BB-ADCP); and the position of the data collected is measured using either a range-azimuth positioning system or a differential global positioning system. All data are transmitted to shore where they are stored on a field computer. Because of the spatial coverage required of detailed data, the instruments must be deployed from a boat. Although manned boats are frequently used on some streams, safety and access considerations, particularly on small streams, led to the development of a remote-control boat. The remote-control boat consists of a flat-bottom jon boat powered by an outboard engine with servos and switches mounted directly on the engine to allow control of the engine by use of standard recreational remote controls. All systems developed have been used successfully during major floods and allow data to be collected more efficiently and in more detail than was previously possible.
KW - Acoustic Doppler current profiler
KW - Bathymetry
KW - Bridges
KW - Data collection
KW - Floods
KW - Hydraulics
KW - Measuring instruments
KW - Portable equipment
KW - Real time information
KW - Remote-control boat
KW - Scour
KW - Sounding
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17500/17526/PB2001102040.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/672134
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00804722
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES (MUTCD) 2000. MILLENNIUM EDITION (INTERNET VERSION)
PY - 2000/12
SP - v.p.
AB - The "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices" (MUTCD) defines the standards used by road managers nationwide to install and maintain traffic control devices on all streets and highways. The MUTCD is published by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) under 23 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 655, Subpart F. Although the MUTCD is routinely updated to include amendments that clarify new standards and incorporate technical advances, it has been more than 20 years since the manual was entirely rewritten, and the most recent edition was published in 1988. The new MUTCD is published in 3-ring binders for easy updating, on CD-ROM, and on the Internet. Redesigned text format in columns will help users identify STANDARDS -- "shall" conditions; GUIDANCE -- "should" conditions; OPTIONS -- "may" conditions; and SUPPORT -- descriptive and/or general information for designing, placing, and applying traffic control devices. Measurements are presented in both metric and English units. This Internet version contains sections in PDF format. For best results it is recommended that they be viewed using Netscape Navigator, version 4 or higher, Internet Explorer, version 4 or higher, and Adobe Acrobat Reader, version 4. Instructions for printing are given. The sections are as follows: Cover and Introduction; Table of Contents; Part 1 - General Provisions; Part 2 - Guide Signs; Part 3 - Markings; Part 4 - Traffic Signals; Part 5 - Low-Volume Rural Roads; Part 6 - Work Zones; Part 7 - Traffic Controls for School Areas; Part 8 - Traffic Control for Highway-Rail Grade Crossings; Part 9 - Traffic Controls for Bicycle Facilities; Part 10 - Highway-Light Rail Transit (LRT) Grade Crossings; and Appendix A.
KW - Bicycle facilities
KW - Guide signs
KW - Guidelines
KW - Low volume roads
KW - Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
KW - Manuals
KW - Railroad grade crossings
KW - Road markings
KW - Schools
KW - Standards
KW - Traffic control devices
KW - Traffic signals
KW - Work zone traffic control
UR - http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/kno-millennium.htm
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673733
ER -
TY - RPRT
AN - 00812557
AU - Stonex, A
AU - Anderson, D A
AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park
AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
AU - Federal Highway Administration
TI - EVALUATION OF FB-3 MODIFIED WEARING COURSE
PY - 2000/11/30
SP - 89 p.
AB - A number of municipalities and townships throughout Pennsylvania have reportedly been using a thin surface layer (2 in. thick) of cold-mixed bituminous concrete material called FB-3 Modified Wearing Course to maintain and/or improve the surfaces of low-volume rural and residential roadways. However, FB-3 Modified Wearing Course is not listed in PennDOT Bulletin 15, "Approved Construction Materials," and thus cannot be purchased with Liquid Fuels Tax money. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance and suitability of FB-3 Modified Wearing Course, and its mixing and placement requirements, and to compare its performance to wearing course materials currently approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) for low-volume roads to provide a rational basis for PennDOT to reject or approve the use of FB-3 Modified Wearing Course by local municipalities. Three private firms participated in this study by suggesting locations, supplying FB-3 Modified Wearing Course material for the selected respective test sections, located in three different parts of Pennsylvania, and paving the test sections in 1999. A total of six test sections were paved using two distinctly different families of FB-3 Modified Wearing Course materials. This report presents information on test section site selection, pre-construction condition surveys, observations of paving operations, and visual condition evaluations performed in spring and fall 2000, for each of the respective test sites. The surface of each test section was videotaped during each condition survey/evaluation. Results of tests on samples of component materials and on samples of the FB-3 Modified mixtures obtained during construction are presented and analyzed. The FB-3 Modified mixtures have generally performed well and it is recommended that FB-3 Modified Wearing Course be approved for use by local municipalities on low-volume and residential roadways. A draft specification and proposed usage guidelines suitable for incorporation into PennDOT Standard Specifications or other pertinent standards or policy documents are included as part of the conclusions and recommendations of this report. These are based on existing specifications for other types of FB mixtures, observed test section performance to date, and material characteristics as determined by laboratory testing.
KW - Asphalt concrete
KW - Cold mix paving mixtures
KW - Condition surveys
KW - Low volume roads
KW - Pennsylvania
KW - Performance evaluations
KW - Recommendations
KW - Residential streets
KW - Specifications
KW - Test sections
KW - Thickness
KW - Videotapes
KW - Wearing course (Pavements)
UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/18000/18000/18065/PB2001106544.pdf
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680616
ER -
TY - ABST
AN - 01459682
TI - Highway Innovative Technology Evaluation Center (HITEC) Studies
AB - The objective of this project is to establish and operate a national center for the evaluation of innovative highway technology.
KW - Evaluation and assessment
KW - Highways
KW - Innovation
KW - Research projects
KW - Technology
UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1227897
ER -
TY - ABST
AN - 01464655
TI - Technical Support for the AASHTO Task Force on Roadside Safety (TFRS)
AB - Background: In 1993, following the publication of NCHRP Report 350: Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features, the Federal Highway Administration adopted the recommended procedures by referral as the national standard through the rule-making process. At the time, the full impact of this action was not understood by the states. The cost of such mandates became clear after the September 1994 FHWA memo mandated large-scale changes in the application of common guardrail end treatments. To meet the mandate, states found themselves needing to replace numerous roadside devices that seemed to be performing adequately. Many states found the costs of meeting this mandate to be tens of millions of dollars. This unexpected expense and the time required to assess the states' current barrier hardware against the 350 requirements delayed the development and acceptance of new hardware. Only limited efforts were focused on developing new non-proprietary hardware, and although a few new proprietary hardware designs did reach the market, there was little competition in the market to keep the prices low.
The NCHRP, following a long history of being responsible for developing and maintaining recommendations for crashworthiness evaluations, initiated Project 22-14 in 1996. The research of Project 22-14 will involve reviewing NCHRP Report 350 and identifying areas where updates are needed to address changing conditions (e.g., greater numbers of light trucks in the fleet). The results of this effort are likely to illustrate a need to develop a successor to NCHRP Report 350 over the next 5 years.
AASHTO organized a "Special Task Force for 350 Implementation" to address the impacts of the federal mandates on the state DOTs. This task force was successful in clarifying the federal mandates and in reaching agreement on what could and could not be achieved by October 1, 1998. One outcome of these task force efforts was the recommendation that AASHTO play a stronger role in future development, approval, and maintenance of the procedures through the Task Force on Roadside Safety (TFRS). The TFRS represented the most appropriate body to take on this responsibility, but because very few state DOT employees were involved in the development or crash testing of new hardware, they needed technical assistance to effectively comply with the federal mandates. Furthermore, the time required to meet these new responsibilities made it difficult for the committee volunteers to complete other assignments, such as the updating of the Roadside Design Guide. Therefore, some means of support was necessary, particularly over the initial years of the handling this responsibility.
Objective: The objective of this research is to provide the resources necessary for TFRS to undertake the critical efforts associated with the development, approval, and maintenance of procedures for the crashworthiness evaluation of roadside features.
Tasks: Efforts to support the Task Force on Roadside Safety may include the following: (1) Formulation of a plan for periodic or continual updating of the procedures for the evaluation of highway safety features in conjunction with TRB and other interested parties. Once a plan has been made a part of the TFRS responsibility, there will be the need to undertake the analyses, reviews, and evaluations necessary to monitor trends, identify new hardware types, update crash testing procedures, analyze the potential impacts, and solicit feedback from affected parties. (2) Crash testing of roadside hardware to validate the effectiveness and/or impacts of new crash testing procedures to address changing conditions or improved safety criteria. (3) Support efforts to update the Roadside Design Guide and other materials intended to aid DOT staff in making rational and cost-effective decisions relative to the application of devices. (4) Evaluation of the impacts of proposed changes to testing requirements to assess the short- and long-term impacts, particularly where safety benefits may be marginal. This might involve detailed analyses of crash reports, field studies, or cost-benefit analyses. (5) Identification of critical data elements and development of an information resource, to include at least an oversight of the management of information related to roadside safety in a central repository (e.g., a website). The information included in the central resource might involve crash reports, crash testing results, in-service evaluations, and simulation results. (6) Coordination with other committees and agencies relative to crash test requirements. For example, it is important that requirements for post-embedment be consistent with other standards. The TFRS might be called upon to support the FHWA in decisions relative to the acceptance of crash test results for particular hardware items. (7) Development of research needs and identification of priorities for them. (8) Undertaking of other analyses as needed to promote effective roadside safety policy and programs.
It is critical that the TFRS make appropriate decisions relative to roadside safety on behalf of AASHTO. Since the issues are complex and the primary means of getting answers highly technical or costly, it is necessary that the task force have resources to seek answers. Furthermore, since only two states are equipped to undertake crash testing and no state has the capability to conduct finite-element simulations, it is necessary that access to these services in a timely manner be provided. It is also appropriate that a group like TFRS play an integral role in maintaining data and information on the crashworthiness of typical roadside hardware. Therefore, it will be necessary to formulate a plan for information gathering, maintenance, and distribution.
Status: Tasks 1through 4 have been completed. Task 5 was cancelled.
Task 1, Publication of the Year 2000 AASHTO Roadside Design Guide
Consultant: Trauner Consulting Services
Principal Investigator: Michael Radbill
Effective Date: November 15, 2000
Completed: November 30, 2001
Funds Allocated: $35,000
In the past, updates of the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Roadside Design Guide (RDG) have been accomplished through the volunteer efforts of the AASHTO Task Force on Roadside Safety. The task force met in September 1999 to discuss preliminary chapter drafts and has made many decisions regarding the intended revisions. Subsequently, revised chapter drafts have been prepared. Despite these efforts toward a Year 2000 revision to the RDG, the task force believes that without assistance, publication will be delayed.
The objective of this task was to provide assistance to the Task Force on Roadside Safety and the AASHTO Publications staff in publishing a year 2000 edition of the RDG.
Status: This task has been completed and the final deliverables have been submitted to AASHTO for inclusion in the 2002 Roadside Design Guide.
Task 2 Identification of Specific References Used in Developing Criteria and Recommendations in the Roadside Design Guide
Consultant: Nystrom Consulting
Principal Investigator: Kimberly Nystrom
Effective Date: July 8, 2002
Completed: March 31, 2004
Funds Allocated: $55,900
The objective of this study was to identify original research studies and other source material used in the Roadside Design Guide.
Status: This task has been completed. A list of research studies and other source material has been developed for each chapter of the Roadside Design Guide. A CD containing the resource materials has been delivered to the Task Force on Roadside Safety.