TY - RPRT AN - 01608718 AU - Caughlan, Sean A AU - Glosten Associates, Incorporated AU - Ship Operations Cooperative Program AU - Maritime Administration TI - Energy Efficiency White Paper PY - 2016/06/08 SP - 115p AB - This paper presents a survey-level look at current ship energy efficiency methods. This includes strategies such as design, technology, devices, and operational practices. Individual efficiency measures, be it a technology, an operational practice, or something else, are summarized in five broad areas: Savings potential, Technology Stage, Lifecycle Cost, Retrofitable, and Compatibility. Each technology is described at a high level, so as to be easily understood and quickly digested. The paper can also serve as an evaluation tool, for operators to understand and compare the relative merits of various technologies. Stakeholders can leverage the information in the paper to launch a detailed cost analysis of their project once one or more technologies have been selected. For each efficiency measure, various critical issues are discussed: What is the potential for fuel savings? How does it work? What is the applicability to various vessel types? Is it best for new-builds or retrofits? What is the level of the technology development? What is the relative lifecycle cost? Sections include: Hull; Propellers and Appendages; Renewable Energy Technologies; Mechanical and Electrical Systems; and Operational Practices. KW - Electrical systems KW - Energy consumption KW - Hulls KW - Life cycle costing KW - Propellers KW - Renewable energy sources KW - Retrofitting KW - Ship operations KW - Ships KW - Technology assessment UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/wp-content/uploads/pdf/SOCP-Marine-Vessel-Energy-Efficiency-FinalReport.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1417685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01616241 AU - Maritime Administration TI - The Economic Importance of the U.S. Shipbuilding and Repairing Industry PY - 2015/11 SP - 34p AB - The purpose of this report is to measure the economic importance of the U.S. shipbuilding and repairing industry at the national and state levels for calendar year 2013. The importance of the industry is not limited to the direct output and employment it generates (i.e., “direct impact”). Companies in the shipbuilding and repairing industry purchase inputs from other domestic industries, contributing to economic activity in those sectors (i.e., "indirect" impact). Employees spend their incomes, helping to support the local and national economies (i.e., "induced" impact). Thus, the economic importance of the U.S. shipbuilding and repairing industry includes direct, indirect, and induced effects. Put differently, the report seeks to document what happens in the shipbuilding and repairing industry and its relationships to the broader economy. It is important to note that the term “economic impacts” as used in this report reflects the association of employment, labor income, and gross domestic product (GDP) with the shipbuilding and repairing industry, but does not imply that some of this economic activity would not otherwise exist without the industry (particularly with regard to induced impacts). The IMPLAN model, an input-output (I-O) model based on Federal government data, was used to estimate the industry's overall economic impact. The study disaggregates the industry's economic activity into two components, operational and capital investment impacts. KW - Capital investments KW - Economic impacts KW - Input output models KW - Operational impacts KW - Ship repair KW - Shipbuilding KW - United States UR - https://www.marad.dot.gov/wp-content/uploads/pdf/MARAD_Econ_Study_Final_Report_2015.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1429384 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01544521 AU - Maritime Administration AU - American Association of Port Authorities AU - Department of Transportation TI - Port Planning and Investment Toolkit: Funding Strategy Module PY - 2014/10 SP - 72p AB - Funding strategy is a primary consideration of any capital investment decision, and a key factor when defining the various port objectives, strategies and timelines for pursuing selected forms of infrastructure investment and delivery. While every port capital investment project is different, and each work plan has unique attributes, ports should generally evaluate and approach investment opportunities using an approach grounded in prudent due diligence and fundamental credit / investment evaluation. Ports function as intermodal facilities for goods and passengers, and they are by necessity public-private partnerships (“P3). As a result, the range of financial needs and solutions for public ports is very broad. In order to make the best use of available funding sources, it is important for ports to understand the full range of potential capital needs and financial solutions, and not be wed to just one potential solution. The funding strategy processes outlined in this document are the very steps that have been undertaken in port project financings, and have been successfully used to attract billions of investment dollars for public port and transportation enterprises. Using the Toolkit modules described, once customized to the specific port project, should lead a port through a logical and thorough step-by-step process to make sound investment decisions and then to choose and implement the best and most viable financing alternative. It is important to note that the steps outlined herein do not necessarily occur in a linear fashion; that is, there is often overlap and recurrence of steps. The key is that investment decisions can be made based on certain thought processes, and adapted to specific and changing circumstances of each port project under consideration. KW - Capital investments KW - Financing KW - Ports KW - Public private partnerships KW - Strategic planning UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/Funding_Strategy_Module.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1331201 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01537860 AU - Holden, Danielle AU - Det Norske Veritas, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Bunkering Study PY - 2014/09/03 SP - 165p AB - Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is an attractive fuel choice for many vessels because it exceeds the air quality standards set forth in the North American Emission Control Area (ECA), and the price of LNG is significantly lower than ECA-compliant fuel. However, because the use of LNG as a marine propulsion fuel is a relatively new concept in the U.S., there are significant safety and regulatory gaps. In addition, there are several challenges related to the development of a national infrastructure for LNG bunkering. The Maritime Administration (MARAD) has partnered with other government agencies, industry, and academia to determine the feasibility and likelihood of using natural gas as a propulsion fuel in the maritime sector. Through previous research and outreach with all of the stakeholders, MARAD identified specific information needs regarding natural gas infrastructure and the refueling of vessels (i.e., bunkering). MARAD contracted with DNV GL to complete this study with the objective of analyzing existing LNG bunkering infrastructure, safety, regulations, and training, and identifying and recommending best practices. Over the course of this study, DNV GL has made recommendations for specific audiences concerning standards and integration of LNG bunkering into U.S. maritime operations. The study is divided into four sections that analyze the following topics: LNG bunkering infrastructure; LNG bunkering safety; regulations; and personnel training. KW - Bunkering KW - Infrastructure KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Training KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/DNVLNGBunkeringStudy3Sep14.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1323288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01538336 AU - Corbett, James J AU - Thomson, Heather AU - Winebrake, James J AU - University of Delaware AU - Rochester Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - Natural Gas for Waterborne Freight Transport: A Life Cycle Emissions Assessment with Case Studies PY - 2014/07 SP - 112p AB - This study evaluates the total fuel cycle emissions associated with natural gas as a marine fuel. The study uses updated data on leakage rates in the natural gas fuel cycle to compare emissions from liquefied natural gas (LNG) or compressed natural gas (CNG) to petroleum marine fuels. The authors find that total fuel cycle analyses for maritime case studies show that natural gas fuels reduce air quality pollutants substantially, and reduce major greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions slightly when compared to conventional marine fuels (low-sulfur and high-sulfur petroleum). The authors also find that the upstream configuration for natural gas supply matters in terms of minimizing GHG emissions on a total fuel cycle basis, and current infrastructure for marine fuels may produce fewer GHGs. Continued improvements to minimize downstream emissions of methane during vessel-engine operations will also contribute to lower GHG emissions from marine applications of natural gas fuels. This is important because growing supplies of natural gas can provide a feasible and economic alternative fuel to improve air quality in and near populated regions of the world. KW - Air quality KW - Case studies KW - Compressed natural gas KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuels KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Natural gas KW - Petroleum fuels KW - Pollutants KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/Total_Fuel_Cycle_Analysis_for_LNG.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1322097 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01502101 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Economic Development Research Group, Inc. TI - Panama Canal Expansion Study: Phase I Report: Developments in Trade and National and Global Economies PY - 2013/11 SP - 202p AB - The United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) and Maritime Administration (MARAD) commissioned a study to examine the anticipated economic and infrastructure impacts of the Panama Canal expansion on U.S. ports and port-related freight transportation infrastructure. The study has been conducted in four defined phases that examine a full range of impacts on U.S. ports, waterways, and intermodal freight systems. This report is the first of two reports intended to be issued. This first report covers Phase I of the study; a second report will cover Phases II – IV of the study. The purpose of this Phase I report is to identify and explain the pending developments in world ocean trade routes and national and global economies that are likely to affect global and U.S. freight corridors relevant to the Panama Canal expansion. This Phase I report also sets the stage for subsequent phases of the study, and identifies and describes the capabilities of U.S. ports to accommodate changes in the physical and market attributes needed to receive Post-Panamax vessels. This report also provides a preliminary assessment of potential shifts in commodity flows once the Panama Canal expansion is complete. KW - Commodity flow KW - Economic impacts KW - Freight traffic KW - International trade KW - Marine terminals KW - Panama Canal KW - Panamax (Ship dimensions) KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Trade routes UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/Panama_Canal_Phase_I_Report_-_20Nov2013.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1278966 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01495187 AU - Department of Transportation AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARAD Has Taken Steps To Develop a Port Infrastructure Development Program But Is Challenged in Managing Its Current Port Projects PY - 2013/08/02 SP - 40p AB - In 2003, the Maritime Administration (MARAD) was authorized to administer funds for developing and modernizing the Port of Anchorage, the main seaport in Anchorage, AK. The Port of Anchorage Intermodal Expansion Project—a partnership with the Port and the Municipality of Anchorage—is ongoing, and there have been significant setbacks, including construction problems and schedule delays. MARAD has since been authorized to administer two other port projects: the multi-port Hawaii Harbors Infrastructure Expansion Program in 2005 and the Port of Guam Improvement Enterprise Program in 2008. The Port of Guam project, which is estimated to receive up to $117 million in Federal funding, is part of a critical construction program that will support the relocation of U.S. Marine Corps forces from Japan to Guam. In 2009, MARAD was mandated to establish a Port Infrastructure Development Program (PIDP) for the improvement of port facilities. The setbacks with the Port of Anchorage project have raised concerns about MARAD’s ability to manage its port projects. Given MARAD’s central role, the U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Inspector General (OIG) evaluated the Agency’s execution of its port infrastructure development responsibilities. Specifically, OIG evaluated MARAD’s (1) oversight and risk management of port infrastructure development projects, and (2) oversight of port infrastructure projects’ contract planning and administration. MARAD did not establish effective oversight mechanisms when it initiated its port infrastructure development responsibilities. MARAD narrowly interpreted statutory requirements, which state that appropriated amounts for the Port of Anchorage and Hawaii Harbors projects shall be “transferred to and administered by” the Maritime Administrator. According to MARAD officials, in the absence of clear statutory guidance, MARAD delegated authority for project construction and management through Memorandums of Agreement (MOAs) with the local authorities in Anchorage, Hawaii, and Guam. In doing so, MARAD did not (1) adequately define its port project oversight responsibilities or provide guidance to contractors for developing Program Management Plans (PMPs); (2) establish a sound risk management process consistent with industry best practices; or (3) have a process to systematically store, maintain, and track project progress and funds. MARAD did not effectively manage its port project contracts. Between 2003 and 2011, the Port of Anchorage project’s cost estimate grew over four and a half times from $211 million to $1 billion, with scheduled completion slipping 8 years. According to MARAD officials, prior to 2011 the Agency’s leadership made a policy decision that abdicated programmatic and technical control to local port officials which contributed to problems with the project. KW - Anchorage (Alaska) KW - Contract administration KW - Development KW - Guam KW - Hawaii KW - Oversight KW - Port of Anchorage (Alaska) KW - Ports KW - Project management KW - U.S. Maritime Administration UR - http://www.oig.dot.gov/sites/dot/files/MARAD%20Oversight%20of%20Port%20Infrastructure%20Development%20Projects%5E8-2-13.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1263332 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01493165 AU - Wallischeck, Eric York AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - ICS Security in Maritime Transportation: A White Paper Examining the Security and Resiliency of Critical Transportation Infrastructure PY - 2013/07/29/White Paper SP - 48p AB - The John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center was asked by the Office of Security of the Maritime Administration to examine the issue of industrial control systems (ICS) security in the Maritime Transportation System (MTS), and to develop a white paper based upon its findings for circulation amongst MTS stakeholders. In evaluating the issue, this paper first discusses the role of the MTS as part of the domestic and international transportation system and global supply chain, and provides examples of the economic impact of past natural and manmade disruptions to the MTS. It next explores the uses and applications of ICS throughout the MTS, identifies potential cybersecurity vulnerabilities of ICS, and provides examples of possible ICS failures and the potential impact on the MTS. Finally, the paper explores the issue in the context of Federal policy governing critical infrastructure, cybersecurity and supply chain resilience, and makes a number of recommendations that government agencies and the private sector might consider in order to mitigate the ICS security risks. KW - Computer security KW - Control systems KW - Data protection KW - Maritime industry KW - National security KW - Risk assessment KW - Security UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/48000/48000/48074/DOT-VNTSC-MARAD-13-01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1261170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01538179 AU - Maritime Administration TI - The Economic Importance of the U.S. Shipbuilding and Repairing Industry PY - 2013/05/30 SP - 33p AB - The U.S. shipbuilding and repairing industry is comprised of establishments that are primarily engaged in operating shipyards, which are fixed facilities with drydocks and fabrication equipment. Shipyard activities include ship construction, repair, conversion and alteration, as well as the production of prefabricated ship and barge sections and other specialized services. The industry also includes manfacturing and other facilities outside of the shipyard, which provide parts or services for shipbuilding activities within a shipyard, including routine maintenance and repair services from floating drydocks not connected with a shipyard. The purpose of this report is to quantify the economic importance of the U.S. private shipbuilding and repairing industry in 2011, in terms of employment, labor income, and gross domestic product (GDP). The study quantifies the industry's operational impact (due to its purchases of intermediate inputs) at the national and state levels and capital investment impact (due to its investment in new structures and equipment) at the national level. These economic impacts represent all of the backward linkages of the U.S. shipbuilding and repairing industry to its suppliers. They do not capture any forward linkages (i.e., the economic impact on production in sectors that use ships as an input). It is important to note that the term “economic impact” as used in this report reflects the employment, labor income, and GDP associated with the shipbuilding and repairing industry, but does not imply that some of this economic activity would not otherwise exist without the industry. KW - Capital investments KW - Economic impacts KW - Employment KW - Gross domestic product KW - Income KW - Input output models KW - Repairing KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyards KW - United States UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/MARAD_Econ_Study_Final_Report_2013.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1323102 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01502019 AU - Olsen, Ryan AU - Perkins, Gail AU - Byington, Russel AU - Hsieh, Jon AU - Maritime Administration TI - Vessel Calls Snapshot, 2011 PY - 2013/03//Revised SP - 24p AB - This snapshot contains data on calls by oceangoing vessels of 10,000 deadweight (DWT) or greater at United States ports. Vessel capacities are expressed in terms of deadweight tons for all vessel types, twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU’s) for containerships and cubic meters (CM) for gas carriers. In 2011, 7,836 oceangoing vessels made 68,036 calls at U.S. ports. Vessel calls were up 7.9 percent from five years earlier, but 13.6 percent from the year before. The recovery was spread over all of the major vessel types. Of the 2011 calls, 35 percent were by tankers, 32.5 percent were by containerships, 16.1 percent were by dry bulk vessels, 9.1 percent were by Roll-On/Roll-Off (Ro-Ro) vessels, and 5.9 percent were by general cargo ships. In 2011, 98 percent of the tanker calls were by double-hull tankers, up from 83.7 percent five years earlier. KW - Cargo ships KW - Containerships KW - Ports KW - Ships KW - Tankers KW - United States KW - Vehicle capacity UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/Vessel_Calls_at_US_Ports_Snapshot.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1279457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01476035 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Status of the U.S.-Flag Great Lakes Water Transportation Industry PY - 2013/02 SP - 148p AB - This study assesses the status of the U.S.-flag Great Lakes fleet, ports, and infrastructure and identifies and analyzes factors that will impact the future of the fleet. It concludes by identifying and evaluating options to revitalize U.S.-flag vessels on the Great Lakes in a manner that would generate net benefits for the Nation. The U.S.-flag Great Lakes shipping industry plays a vital role in supporting the economies of the States of the Great Lakes region and, because of the importance of this region to the national economy, the economic health of the Nation at large. The industry has, in fact, helped to define the Great Lakes regional economy, having developed in conjunction with the steel mills, manufacturing establishments, and power generation plants that rely on safe, reliable, and inexpensive waterborne transportation of raw materials. MARAD ’s motivation to conduct this study first emerged in 2009 when the U.S.-flag Great Lakes water transportation industry was encountering several challenging conditions, including extreme drops in Great Lakes waterborne cargoes caused by the recent economic downturn, uncertainty about Federal regulations on vessel air emissions and ballast water treatment, the existence of multiple and differing State standards for ballast water, and low water conditions on the Great Lakes that emphasized the need for port and channel dredging. Since 2009, there has been a moderate recovery in Great Lakes cargoes as well as resolution of much of the uncertainty regarding regulatory activities. Even so, this study identifies a broad range of issues that remain relevant to the current and future success of water transportation on the Great Lakes. As of 2012, U.S.-flag Great Lakes water transportation industry appears to be generally healthy, well suited to its transportation role, and able to finance necessary capital improvements within reason. As is the case with all industries, however, there are potential economic and regulatory events that could jeopardize its future health. Accordingly, this study looks carefully at the impacts of potential governmental actions on the industry, determining where actions may be helpful. It identifies potential benefits to both the public and the industry associated with actions to facilitate improvements to Great Lakes vessels and infrastructure. KW - Economic impacts KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Federal government KW - Great Lakes KW - Great Lakes Region KW - Ports KW - Regulations KW - Ships KW - United States flag ships KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/US-Flag_Great_Lakes_Water_Transportation_Industry_Final_Report_2013.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1245665 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01494927 TI - Inland Rivers M55 Study AB - This study will examine the potential for America's Marine Highway (AMH) service(s) to provide relief to the M55 and connecting AMH corridors, connectors and crossings KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways KW - Rivers KW - Transportation corridors KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1264161 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01494926 TI - Comparison of U.S. and Foreign-Flag Operating Costs AB - The available data shows that U.S.-flag carriers face a significantly higher cost regime than do foreign-flag carriers. KW - Economic analysis KW - Foreign KW - Operating costs KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1264160 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01494645 TI - West Coast M5 Study AB - This project will provide market information and analysis to validate a contiguous west coast AMH network and service among California, Oregon, and Washington along the M5 AMH corridor KW - Market assessment KW - Pacific Coast (United States) KW - Transportation corridors KW - Water transportation KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1263860 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01494644 TI - East Coast E95 Study AB - This project is a study to examine the potential for M95 AMH services to provide relief to I&#8208;95 and connecting AMH corridors, connectors, and crossings. KW - East Coast (United States) KW - Market assessment KW - Transportation corridors KW - Water transportation KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1263859 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01494426 TI - Panama Canal Expansion Study AB - The United States Maritime Administration (MARAD) is currently revising the final Phase I Report and will submit the revised report for review and approval by the Maritime Administrator and the Office of the Secretary of Transportation by the end of August 2012. Planning for the proposed Panama Canal Expansion Study (PCES) Listening Session in Washington, DC is ongoing. After the Phase I Report is approved by the Maritime Administrator and the Secretary, it is intended that the report will be made available for distribution to the public before the planned Listening Session. KW - Canal operations KW - Canals KW - Construction projects KW - Panama Canal KW - Planning KW - Reports KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1263500 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01494425 TI - Faster Freight Cleaner Air Conference (FFCA) Funding AB - The U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) is on the steering committee for the FFCA. Topics will discuss congestion mitigation, marine transportation, and environment. KW - Conferences KW - Environment KW - Freight transportation KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1263499 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01502053 AU - Olsen, Ryan AU - Perkins, Gail AU - Maritime Administration TI - Coastal Tank Vessel Market Snapshot, 2011 PY - 2012/06 SP - 15p AB - The tank vessel building boom of the last decade is winding down. Over the last 10 years, 137 new/rebuilt double-hull tank vessels entered service. The surge in tank vessel deliveries over the last 10 years was due largely to Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA-90) double-hulling requirements and a 2004-2007 increase in charter rates. As of year-end 2011, the double-hulling process was nearly complete, and charter rates were down significantly from four years earlier. Seven tank vessels are scheduled for delivery over the next 3 years. The orders will replace 4 non-double-hull product tankers, and perhaps other 25+ year old double-hull tank vessels that face high dry dock costs and inadequate charter rates. At 2011 rates, investment in new double-hull tank vessels, though risky, would generate a return no better than that for high grade securities. KW - Investments KW - Market assessment KW - Tank barges KW - Tankers KW - Twin hulled ships UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/Coastal_Tank_Vessel_Market_Snapshot.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1279837 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01467633 TI - Cape Washington AB - No summary provided. KW - Capes KW - Washington (State) KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1235869 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465224 TI - Automation AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Aquatic life KW - Automation KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nuisance species KW - Strategic planning KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233457 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465223 TI - Continuous Time-integrated Sampling System AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Aquatic life KW - Environmental impacts KW - Marine transit KW - Nuisance species KW - Strategic planning KW - Sustainable development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233456 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465222 TI - Meteorological Sensor Package/intake Water Quality Sensors AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Aquatic life KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nuisance species KW - Sensors KW - Strategic planning KW - Water quality KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233455 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465221 TI - Enclosed Work Area for Scientists AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Aquatic life KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nuisance species KW - Scientists KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233454 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465220 TI - System Validation Trials AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Aquatic life KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nuisance species KW - Testing KW - Validation KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233453 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465219 TI - Independent QA/QC Contractor AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Contractors KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nuisance species KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Sustainable development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233452 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465218 TI - Any Mods That May Result from USCG/NRL Verification Tests AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Environmental protection KW - Nuisance species KW - Regulations KW - United States Coast Guard KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233451 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465217 TI - Baltimore Pier Utilities 2011 AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Baltimore Harbor KW - Environmental protection KW - Nuisance species KW - Piers (Wharves) KW - Public utilities KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233450 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465216 TI - Modification of a Second Chesapeake Bay Outport Dock AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Aquatic life KW - Docks KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nuisance species KW - Strategic planning KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233449 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465215 TI - Seawater Concentrator and Quality Modifier AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Aquatic life KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nuisance species KW - Seawater KW - Strategic planning KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233448 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465214 TI - Science Outfitting AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Aquatic life KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nuisance species KW - Science KW - Ship outfitting KW - Strategic planning KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233447 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465213 TI - Science Sustaining Support AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species KW - Aquatic life KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nuisance species KW - Science KW - Strategic planning KW - Technical support KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233446 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465212 TI - Additional Piping Modification AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species KW - Aquatic life KW - Environmental impacts KW - Modifications KW - Nuisance species KW - Pipe KW - Strategic planning KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233445 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465211 TI - Ballast Pumping System Flow Optimization AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Aquatic life KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nuisance species KW - Pumps KW - Strategic planning KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233444 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465210 TI - Marine Biology Lab ISO Certification AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Aquatic life KW - Environmental impacts KW - Marine biology KW - Nuisance species KW - Strategic planning KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233443 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465208 TI - Assist with Fabrication/Design of Skid for Treating of BW in Emergencies AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Design KW - Emergencies KW - Fabrication KW - Nuisance species KW - Regulations KW - Treatment strategies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233441 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465207 TI - Develop Indirect Measures for Ballast Water Compliance Monitoring, Such as Sensors AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Compliance KW - Environmental protection KW - Monitoring KW - Regulations KW - Sensors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233440 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465206 TI - Geospatial Intermodal Freight Transport (GIFT) Model AB - The Geospatial Intermodal Freight Transport (GIFT) model will allow multimodal freight routing comparisons for parameters such as energy and emissions, time, and cost. MARAD leads the completion of the Freight Routing Energy and Emissions Analysis Tool (FREAT) in 2007. FREAT is an Excel-based model that defines optimal freight routing scenarios between two points based on energy and emissions, time, and cost. To improve upon functionality, a geospatial model should be developed. GIFT will improve upon FREAT's capability. KW - Energy consumption KW - Freight transportation KW - Geospatial technology KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Pollutants KW - Routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233439 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465205 TI - Environmental Management Systems (EMS) AB - Environmental Management Systems (EMS) is a Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) and Department of Transportation (DOT) directive. EMS demonstrates the Maritime Administration's (MARAD's) commitment to environmental quality management and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14000. KW - Air quality KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental Management Systems (EMS) KW - Environmental policy KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233438 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465204 TI - Environmental Excellence Initiative (EEI) AB - Environmental Excellence Initiative (EEI) demonstrates proactive environmental stewardship at Maritime Administration (MARAD) fleet sites. EEI was mandated by the Maritime Administrator to develop environmentally-friendly fleet practices. KW - Best practices KW - Environmental policy KW - Environmental stewardship KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233437 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465203 TI - Maritime Academy Ballast Water Program AB - Maritime Academy Ballast Water Initiative will work with state Maritime Academies to make school ships available for ballast water testing and technology demonstration. KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Open water tests KW - Technology KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233436 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465202 TI - Ballast Water Technology Testing on East Coast vessels AB - Ballast water technology testing on East Coast ships is a partnership with academia and industry to test ballast water technologies. All ballast water funding will go towards establishing new technology platforms and maintaining existing ones. Maritime Administration (MARAD) participates in partnerships with industry and academia to address invasive species transmission via ballast water and develop practical control mechanisms. KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - East Coast (United States) KW - Open water tests KW - Partnerships KW - Technology KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233435 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465201 TI - Great Ship Initiative - Great Lakes AB - Great Ship Initiative funding to provide enhancements to the Great Lakes ballast water testing platform. All ballast water funding will go towards establishing new technology platforms and maintaining existing ones. Maritime Administration (MARAD) participates in partnerships with industry and academia to address invasive species transmission via ballast water and develop practical control mechanisms. KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Great Lakes KW - Initiatives KW - Ships KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233434 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465200 TI - Feasibility Study for Safety Reporting System AB - This specific task is to conduct a Feasibility Study to identify hurdles and developing recommendations for the establishment and implementation of a Maritime Safety Reporting System. It is envisioned that the Maritime Administration will task the newly formed Transportation Research Board (TRB )Maritime Human Factors Committee and the Marine Board to jointly research the feasibility of establishing such a system. KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Human factors KW - Maritime safety KW - Reporting KW - Water transportation KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233433 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465199 TI - Safe Ship Structure Program AB - No summary provided. KW - Maritime safety KW - Ships KW - Water transportation KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233432 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465198 TI - Additional Personnel to Support Golden Bear Ballast Water Project AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by addressing industry regulatory challenges associated with environmental sustainability within the marine transportation system with respect to aquatic nuisance species. KW - Aquatic life KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nuisance species KW - Strategic planning KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233431 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465197 TI - Establish Marine Vessel Sustainability Center (CMA) -Billets and Structure AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by continuing to promote environmental sustainability and reduce emissions and the dependence on traditional energy sources. KW - Billets KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - Strategic planning KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233430 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465196 TI - Golden Bear Demonstration Projects AB - The objective of this project is to engage in a series of marine vessel environmental performance tests to establish best environmental practices for maritime industry. Work will center on air emissions, water emissions, and energy efficiency. The Golden Bear will be used as a baseline platform to prove promising green technologies. This program builds upon the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) developed Marine Vessel Environmental Performance Program and Green Technology install project. Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by continuing to promote environmental sustainability and reduce emissions and the dependence on traditional energy sources. Also promotes other green initiatives related to the marine transportation system. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Environmental impacts KW - Green technology KW - Pollutants KW - Strategic planning KW - Vessel operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233429 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465195 TI - Identification of Localized Intermodal Emissions Problems through Finer Resolution of GIFT AB - In FY10, the Maritime Administration (MARAD) funded the completion of the web-based Geospatial Intermodal Freight Transport (GIFT) tool. GIFT allows users to identify optimal, multimodal freight routing pathways based on factors such as air emissions and carbon reductions, time, and cost. While regional resolution for GIFT is well established, it is important to identify any localized issues, such as an increase of emissions or congestion at an intermodal transfer hub that may result through recommended freight routing shifts. This work, funded through the established University of Delaware and Rochester Institute of Technology cooperative agreements, will involve partnering with local freight and corridor coalitions as well as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by continuing to promote environmental sustainability, continuing maritime environmental research partnerships with academia, and promoting energy efficiency in transportation. This work builds upon the MARAD sponsored GIFT Model to allow for more localized analysis of alternative routing. As such the utility of the model at the local level will be improved. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Pollutants KW - Routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233428 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465194 TI - Port Electrification and Pilot Demonstration AB - The Maritime Administration has made a commitment over the past few years to research and promote the reduction of port air emissions through the use of alternative energy sources. In FY08, the Maritime Administration funded the Port of New Bedford Shorepower Feasibility Study. Building on the success of that study and other work, the Maritime Administration proposes partnering other government agencies, ports, and industry organizations to identify the feasibility of large-scale port electrification and thus a reduction on diesel-powered port equipment. Coupled with this analysis would be a local port electrification pilot project. Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by continuing to promote environmental sustainability and reduce emissions and the dependence on traditional energy sources. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Diesel fuels KW - Feasibility analysis KW - New Bedford (Massachusetts) KW - Pollutants KW - Port operations KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233427 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465193 TI - GHG Inventory Verification AB - No summary provided. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Inventory KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233426 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465192 TI - Golden Bear Phase I: TSGBB Modifications/Facility Plan AB - No summary provided. KW - Maritime safety KW - Modifications KW - Ships KW - Training KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233425 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465191 TI - Golden Bear Phase II: Program Startup Costs AB - No summary provided. KW - Costs KW - Program management KW - Ships KW - Start-up KW - Training KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233424 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465190 TI - Golden Bear Phase III: Science Program Startup Costs AB - No summary provided. KW - Costs KW - Maritime safety KW - Science KW - Start-up KW - Training KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233423 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465189 TI - Maritime Environmental Resource Center (MERC) Phase I: Ship Discharge Regulation Database AB - No summary provided. KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Discharge of ballast water KW - Environmental impacts KW - Regulations KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233422 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465188 TI - Maritime Environmental Resource Center (MERC) Phase II: Establish Barge-based Platform AB - No summary provided. KW - Barges KW - Environmental impacts KW - Offshore platforms UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233421 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465187 TI - Maritime Environmental Resource Center (MERC) Phase III: Establish ETV-capable Test Platform AB - No summary provided. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Hazard and emergency operations KW - Marine towing KW - Offshore platforms KW - Testing KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233420 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465186 TI - Geospatial Intermodal Freight Transport (GIFT) AB - No summary provided. KW - Freight transportation KW - Geospatial analysis KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233419 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465185 TI - Geospatial Intermodal Freight Transport (GIFT) AB - No summary provided. KW - Freight transportation KW - Geospatial analysis KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233418 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465184 TI - Port Covington Pier 6 AB - No summary provided. KW - Piers (Wharves) KW - Ports KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233417 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465183 TI - Golden Bear Phase IV: Underway test of STDN Ballast Water Treatment System to Complete At-Sea Test Cycle AB - No summary provided. KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Environmental impacts KW - Sewage disposal KW - Sewage treatment KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233416 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465182 TI - Maritime Environmental Resource Center (MERC) Phase IV: Complete Modification to the Barge-based Ballast Water Platform AB - No summary provided. KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Barges KW - Engine modifications KW - Environmental impacts KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233415 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465181 TI - Golden Bear Phase V: Establish ETV-capable Test Platform on TS Golden Bear AB - No summary provided. KW - Cadets KW - Leadership KW - Marine towing KW - Ships KW - Technology KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233414 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465180 TI - EMS Implementation at the Great Lakes Marine Fire Training Center in Swanton, OH AB - No summary provided. KW - Emergency medical services KW - Fire fighting KW - Implementation KW - Ohio KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233413 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465179 TI - Economic/Environmental Impacts of Converting Ships to Use Alternative Fuels AB - No summary provided. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Energy conversion KW - Environmental impacts KW - Ship conversion KW - Ships KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233412 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465178 TI - Funding for Support of Center for Climate Change and Environmental Forecasting AB - No summary provided. KW - Climate change KW - Environmental impacts KW - Financing KW - Forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233411 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465177 TI - GHG Inventory Verification AB - No summary provided. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233410 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465176 TI - Alternative Fuels Demonstration Projects AB - The Maritime Administration (MARAD) continues to investigate alternative fuels, particularly as they relate to use for marine highways and the greening of agency fleets. In FY10, the Maritime Administration funded an alternative fuel feasibility study for near shore vessels, including Agency vessels and is working to establish the foundation for conducting a pilot/demonstration project. In furthering that effort, funding is needed to continue in-situ testing of promising alternative fuels on Agency and potentially commercial vessels as well as shore-based equipment. Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by continuing to promote environmental sustainability and reduce emissions and the dependence on traditional energy sources. This project would allow MARAD to engage more directly into the alternative fuels arena. New biodiesel shows promise for marine application as it proportedly has fewer drawbacks than first generation biodiesel. Testing and demonstrating the new fuel would allow MARAD to test these claims and to ascertain the operational and emissions profiles. DOT and USACE have been working with MARAD on alternative fuels efforts. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Demonstration projects KW - Energy KW - Environmental impacts KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Pollutants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233409 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465175 TI - Great Lakes LNG Feasability Study AB - This study would complement the Current Great Lakes Fleet Study and look at the various benefits and challenges of using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a key fuel to address air emissions in the Great Lakes. Among the items evaluated would be the cost of engine repower or retrofit, fuel availability and landside infrastructure. Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by continuing to promote environmental sustainability and reduce emissions and the dependence on traditional energy sources. This project would build on the limited work that has been done looking into the viability of LNG for marine fuels in such markets as the Great Lakes. The information from the study could be used to support a public/private partnership to bring LNG to the Great Lakes. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Great Lakes KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Pollutants KW - Repowering KW - Sustainable development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233408 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01465174 TI - Pilot Project to Cost Share Repower of Inland Waterway Vessel to Assess Cost and Benefits of Repower, Including Emissions Reductions and Fuel Savings AB - Supports the MAR-410 Strategic Plan by continuing to promote environmental sustainability and reduce emissions and the dependence on traditional energy sources. Through this study, the Maritime Administration (MARAD) would gather information on the cost/benefit of repower and the resulting fuel and emissions savings gained. The data could be used to support a larger Federal role in providing future incentives for marine vessel repowers. KW - Air quality management KW - Fuel conservation KW - Inland water transportation KW - Pollutants KW - Repowering KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1233407 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01478228 AU - Maritime Administration TI - North American Cruise Statistical Snapshot, 2011 PY - 2012/03 SP - 19p AB - This report contains cruise statistics for the major cruise lines that offer North American cruises with a U.S. port of call. The statistics include passengers booked and capacities offered by the cruise lines. Capacities are based on two passengers per stateroom. The statistics are presented in terms of passengers and passenger nights. KW - Cruise lines KW - Demand KW - North America KW - Passenger capacity KW - Passengers KW - Statistics KW - Supply UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/North_American_Cruise_Statistics_Quarterly_Snapshot.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1247237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01357901 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Comparison of U.S. and Foreign-Flag Operating Costs PY - 2011/09 SP - 91p AB - The Maritime Administration is charged with advocating for the U.S.-flag fleet and promoting the viability of the U.S. merchant marine. To inform the Administration in carrying out this mission, this report compares the operating costs of U.S.-flag vessels engaged in foreign commerce to the costs incurred by foreign-flag vessels. This comparison provides valuable insight to the Maritime Administration and the public regarding the global competitiveness of the U.S.-flag fleet. KW - Competition KW - Flags of convenience KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Merchant marine KW - Operating costs KW - Registry KW - Trade KW - United States UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/Comparison_of_US_and_Foreign_Flag_Operating_Costs.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1123410 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01345039 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency TI - America’s Marine Highway: Report to Congress PY - 2011/04 SP - 86p AB - This Report to Congress is required by Sections 1121 and 1123 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (Energy Act). Section 1121 directs the Secretary of Transportation (Secretary) to establish a short sea transportation program and designate short sea transportation projects under the program to mitigate landside congestion. The Maritime Administration (MARAD) has implemented this short sea transportation program as the “America’s Marine Highway Program” (the Program). The Program is intended to expand the use of our inland, Great Lakes Saint Lawrence Seaway System, intracoastal, and coastal waterways for the transportation of freight (loaded in containers and trailers) and passengers to mitigate landside congestion, reduce greenhouse gas emissions per ton-mile of freight moved, and accomplish other objectives. The first section of this report provides the justification for expanding the utilization of Marine Highway services. It describes the interests of the Federal government in encouraging greater use of Marine Highways and, through the example of Europe, shows that government policy can be successful in achieving this result. An important point of this section is that the full range of public benefits of Marine Highway services will not be realized based solely on market-driven transportation choices. This report illustrates that the opportunity to more effectively balance our national transportation system – with numerous transportation services, including rail, road, and water – is attractive for a number of reasons. A balanced system that takes advantage of the relative strengths of each mode can better address the transportation challenges of growing surface congestion, aging infrastructure, and system repair and expansion. These challenges, combined with growing public pressure to improve the environment and the need to reduce our nation’s dependence on petroleum fuels, make America’s Marine Highway an attractive transportation choice. Furthermore, it can help our government’s response to and recovery from emergencies and provide mobility resources to support national defense. KW - Aging (Materials) KW - Benefits KW - Emergency response and recovery KW - Emission mitigation strategies KW - Environmental protection KW - Freight transportation KW - Landside capacity KW - Marine highways KW - Passenger transportation KW - Short sea shipping KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic mitigation KW - United States KW - Water transportation KW - Waterways UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/MARAD_AMH_Report_to_Congress.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1105315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01358972 AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. Water Transportation Statistical Snapshot PY - 2011/02 SP - 44p AB - The U.S. water transportation industry serves the needs of both foreign and domestic commerce. It comprises companies that carry freight or passengers on the open seas or inland waterways, offer towing services, charter vessels, and operate canals and terminals.The industry is in a period of renewal with major changes in trades, fleets, gross output, employment and assets. The following snapshot highlights the major changes that have occurred over the last five years (2004-2009). Trade, fleet and macroeconomic indicators are provided. In 2009, U.S. water trades (foreign and domestic) amounted to 2.0 billion metric tons. Foreign trade accounted for 61% of the total, up from 58% 5 years earlier. For the period 2004-2009, U.S. coastwise trades declined by 24%, due largely to a decline in coastwise petroleum trades. U.S. foreign trade accounted for about 16% of global waterborne trade in 2009. Over the last 5 years, global trade (metric tons) increased by 11%, while U.S. trade declined by 8%. In 2009, 6,996 oceangoing vessels made 55,560 calls at U.S. ports. Vessel calls were down 7% from five years earlier. The average age of vessels calling at U.S. ports was 10.3 years in 2009, down from 11.8 years in 2004. In 2009, Gulf ports accounted for 34% of U.S. vessel calls, up from 31% five years earlier. U.S.-flag vessels accounted for 12% of calls (all flags) at U.S. ports in 2009. As of year-end 2009, nearly 40,000 U.S. privately-owned vessels were available for operation in U.S. foreign and domestic trades. About 30% of the U.S.-owned oceangoing vessels were registered under the U.S.-flag, and 15% had Jones Act trading privileges. For the period 2004-2009, 19,100 jobs were added in water transportation and related industries. The largest increases were in the transportation and shipbuilding and repair segments. For the period 2004-2009, the average price for water transportation services increased by about 27%. The largest increases were in the domestic segments. KW - Economic indicators KW - Employment KW - International trade KW - Macroeconomics KW - Maritime industry KW - Ships KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - United States KW - Vehicle fleets KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/US_Water_Transportation_Statistical_snapshot.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1124284 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01492356 TI - Missouri River Study AB - This study will be lead by the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) through Maritime Administration (MARAD), and coordinated with the Departments of Energy, Commerce, and Agriculture. The study will address the uses and impacts of the Missouri River on the following: energy (including hydropower and generation cooling), water transport (including water-compelled rates, projected total transportation congestion considerations transportation energy efficiency, air quality and carbon emissions), and water users. USDOT and its Federal partners must develop recommendations on how to minimize impediments to growth and maximize water value of benefits related to the above factors. KW - Benefits KW - Cooling water KW - Environmental impacts KW - Hydroelectric power generation KW - Missouri River KW - Water KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1261489 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01492351 TI - Study Effect of Panama Canal Expansion AB - A study of the effect of the enlargement of the Panama Canal on U.S. domestic and international freight flows. Numerous studies have provided an examination of anticipated impacts from the pending Panama Canal expansion on specific U.S. ports and port-related freight transportation infrastructure. Few studies, however, have addressed these impacts comprehensively with regard to future U.S. and global economic developments affecting trade and their collective impacts on this Nation's ports, waterways, and intermodal freight systems. The proposed study will examine the full range of these impacts and develop policy options to realize the greatest benefits from the Panama Canal expansion for the nation. The study will take into account all ports and port-related freight transportation infrastructure within the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the unincorporated territories of the U.S. (American Samoa, Commonwealth of the NOlihern Marianas Islands, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands). The period of interest for the study will be current trading practices and port and freight corridor activity at points 5, 10,20, and 30 years into the future. KW - Economic development KW - Economic impacts KW - Expansion projects KW - Freight transportation KW - International trade KW - Panama Canal KW - Port operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1261484 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01207143 AU - Tioga Group, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - Improving Marine Container Terminal Productivity: Development of Productivity Measures, Proposed Sources of Data, and Initial Collection of Data from Proposed Sources PY - 2010/07/08 SP - 143p AB - The capacity and productivity of U.S. container ports is the single most critical factor in the nation’s ability to participate in containerized trade. Beginning in the 1950s and accelerating in the decades that followed, containerization transformed both international merchandise trade and the ports that serve it. Efficient handling of containerized trade requires far more than just dockside space and labor; it requires sophisticated facilities, equipment, and systems manned by trained operators. The facilities, equipment, systems, and manpower needed for container terminals are all costly. There is an inherent tension between having enough capacity for trade peaks and expected growth, and creating excess capacity that ties up valuable resources. Participants in the container shipping industry are under pressure to define, defend, and improve their productivity. U.S. container terminals and their workforces are frequently disparaged for being less productive than the leading Asian and European terminals. Given the issues at stake, it is critical for all participants to have a firm understanding of how various productivity measures are properly defined and used, what they do (and do not) imply for terminal operations, and what long-term factors really determine productivity. The Cargo Handling Cooperative Program (CHCP) is a public-private partnership sponsored by the United States Maritime Administration. CHCP’s mission statement includes a general objective to increase the productivity of cargo transportation companies through the implementation of cargo handling research and development. This project focuses on establishing an agreed to set of productivity measures for marine terminals. Time-series collection of these measures will permit CHCP to benchmark terminal productivity and promote best practices, allowing CHCP to accomplish its objectives. KW - Cargo handling KW - Container terminals KW - Containers KW - Data collection KW - Measurement KW - Productivity UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/070810_Tioga_CHCP_Productivity_Report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/935554 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01492252 TI - Great Lakes Maritime Region AB - The Department of Transportation (DOT), specified under the Office of the Secretary account Transportation Planning Research and Development appropriated $950,000 for the Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute. Funding is approved under the FY 2009 Consolidated Appropriations Act for the Fiscal Year Ending Sept 30, 2009, (Pub. L.111-8; Joint Explanatory Statement, Title I). The US Department of Transportation, Office of the Secretary, Under Secretary for Transportation Policy (OST-P) and Maritime Administration (MARAD) will collaborate with the Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute to complete research efforts in marine transportation, logistics, economics engineering, environmental planning and port management. The research study will be conducted under the direct management of MARAD; however, OST-P has the sole responsibility in meeting the legal requirements of the financial agreement. The Institute will conduct research and analyses on Great Lakes maritime issues that provide a resource to serve DOT, MARAD Great Lakes port authorities and communities and other Great Lake Stakeholders. KW - Cooperation KW - Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute KW - Great Lakes Region KW - U.S. Maritime Administration KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1261217 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01150601 AU - Maritime Administration TI - North American Cruise Statistical Snapshot, 2nd Quarter 2009 PY - 2009/09 SP - 17p AB - This report contains cruise statistics for seventeen major cruise lines that offer North American cruises with a U.S. port of call. The statistics include passengers booked and capacities offered by the cruise lines. Capacities are based on two passengers per stateroom. The statistics are presented in terms of passengers and passenger nights KW - Cruise lines KW - Data collection KW - Harbors KW - Passenger ships KW - Passenger transportation KW - Port capacity KW - Statistical analysis KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/North_American_Cruise_Statistics_Quarterly_Snapshot.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/912590 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01492223 TI - Great Lakes Maritime Research AB - The OST-P and the Maritime Administration (MARAD) will collaborate with the Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute to complete research efforts in marine transportation, logistics, economics engineering, environmental planning and port management. The Institute will conduct research and analyses on Great Lakes maritime issues that provide a resource to serve the Department of Transportation (DOT), MARAD, Great Lakes port authorities and communities and other Great Lakes Stakeholders. KW - Economic analysis KW - Great Lakes Region KW - Logistics KW - Port authorities KW - Port operations KW - Research KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1261188 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01494908 TI - Comparative Emissions Database AB - The Comparative Emissions DataBase (CEDB) web interface was created by Aerodyne Research, Inc. (ARI) under the direction and funding of the US Department of Transportation and Federal Aviation Administration. The objective of this web tool is to facilitate application of the extensive data available in the CEDB, for comparing the potential environmental impact (especially for climate change) of moving passengers and freight via various transportation modes. The CEDB incorporates data from various sources - including measurements by ARI using novel high resolution instruments invented at ARI, as well as other research data available in the scientific literature - and covers air, road, rail and marine transportation modes. Other data sources include certification sources (e.g. EPA certification data). KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Climate change KW - Databases KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Pollutants KW - Transportation modes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1264142 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01126417 AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. Public Port Development Expenditure Report (FYs 2006 & 2007-2011) PY - 2009/02 SP - 26p AB - This report is the result of a cooperative effort between the Maritime Administration and the American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA). It is the only report of its kind in the port industry that covers capital expenditures at U.S. ports. This report includes fiscal year (FY) 2006 and projected five-year 2007-2011 expenditure data, along with the funding sources used to finance those expenditures. It aggregates data by geographical region, type of facility, on- and off-terminal infrastructure, dredging, security, and by new construction and modernization/rehabilitation. KW - Capital expenditures KW - Development KW - Financing KW - Ports KW - United States UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/2006_port_expenditure_rpt_--_final.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33200/33251/2006_port_expenditure_rpt_--_final.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/886689 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01120532 AU - Maritime Administration AU - IHS Global Insight, Incorporated TI - An Evaluation of Maritime Policy in Meeting the Commercial and Security Needs of the United States PY - 2009/01/07 SP - 72p AB - This report evaluates the adequacy of current maritime policy in meeting the commercial, economic, security and environmental needs of the United States in the next three decades. The report assesses ability of the maritime transportation system and maritime policy to cope with increasing trade volumes. The evaluation is conducted in the context of a long-term forecast of the foreign trade of the United States through the year 2038. The findings of this report lead to the overall conclusion that the current body of policies is only supportive of domestic maritime trades. Policy is not supportive of U.S. participation in international trades. KW - Domestic transportation KW - Economic impacts KW - Environment KW - International transportation KW - Needs assessment KW - Security KW - Trade KW - Transportation policy KW - United States KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/879067 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01129913 AU - Maritime Administration TI - America's Ports and Intermodal Transportation System PY - 2009/01 SP - 112p AB - This report focuses on container port and terminal requirements, based on projected increases in international trade. Specifically, this document identifies key system-wide findings and challenges in the vital strategic areas of end-to-end freight shipments, water access, landside access and interstate rail and highways with port and terminals as the nexus. The report also discusses significant institutional challenges, including governance, the role of private industry, financing the transportation system, and infrastructure development. The overarching goal of this report is to focus a constructive dialogue that leads to viable alternatives and opportunities to ensure that the entire Marine Transportation System develops capacity in concert with the overall National Transportation System. KW - Access KW - Alaska Marine Highway System KW - Container terminals KW - Forecasting KW - Freight service KW - Freight terminals KW - Institutional issues KW - International trade KW - Interstate highways KW - Landside operations (Ports) KW - Marine terminals KW - Port capacity KW - Rail marine interface KW - Seaports UR - http://www.glmri.org/downloads/Ports&IntermodalTransport.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/890177 ER - TY - SER AN - 01146904 JO - MERENKULKULAITOKSEN JULKAISUJA, FINNISH MARITIME ADMINISTRATION PUBLICATIONS PB - FINNISH MARITIME ADMINISTRATION AU - KARVONEN, T AU - MAKKONEN, T TI - Ship operating costs 2009 T2 - Aluskustannukset 2009 SN - 978-951-49-2150-6 PY - 2009 IS - 3/2009 SP - 59p AB - The study accounts for the average operating costs of cargo ships and Ro-Ro passenger ships engaged in foreign trade by type of ship and size category. The purpose of the cost estimates is to form a basis for evaluation of fairway investment projects and related cost-benefit analyses. Ship costs were last studied in 2006 and complemented with respect to container ships in 2007. The said updates have been used as reference in the present study. The source materia consists of Finnish and foreign cargo ships and Ro-Ro passenger ships having called at Finnish ports in foreign trade in 2008. Ship data have been derived from the ship database of the Finnish Maritime Administration and supplemented with data from other sources so as to ensure full statistical coverage of all ship types and sizes, Data on procurement and fuel prices and manning costs has been collected from other sources. Fuel costs constitute the largest (44-63%) and capital costs the second largest (23-30%) expense item for all ships. The relative cost shares vary greatly between different ship types and sizes. A sensitivity analysis shows that a 30% decrease in fuel costs would reduce the total costs for different types of ships by 13-19%. A similar decrease in capital expenditure would have a 7-9% impact, in manning costs a 1-4% impact. The most significant change in the development of ship operating costs compared with the latest update is the very high increase in fuel costs. The average increase is 75% in spite of the fact that prices have been, in both instances, calculated according to a three-year average so as to reduce the impact of short-term price fluctuations. Other cost components have also increased significantly, although the divergence between various types of ships is large. Capital expenditure has increased by an average 11ol0. Manning costs have decreased or increased depending on changes in the nationality of the ships concerned. All ship costs have increased by approximately 35%, irrespective of ship type. During the three-year monitoring period this means an average annual increase of approximately 11%. This report may be found at http://portal.fma.fi/portal/page/portal/fma_fi/tietopalvelut/julkaisut/julkaisusarjat/2009/Aluskustannukset_2009_raportti.pdf KW - Commodities KW - Finland KW - Operating costs KW - Passengers KW - Ships UR - http://portal.fma.fi/portal/page/portal/fma_fi/tietopalvelut/julkaisut/julkaisusarjat/2009/Aluskustannukset_2009_raportti.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/907199 ER - TY - SER AN - 01146894 JO - LIIKENNE- JA VIESTINTAMINISTERION JULKAISUJA, PUBLICATIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS PB - MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS AU - Finnish Maritime Administration AU - MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS FINLAND TI - Baltic Sea Maritime Safety programme SN - 978-952-243-045-8 PY - 2009 IS - 18/2009 SP - 30p AB - In the Programme, maritime safety refers to safety in connection with the structure of individual vessels, their equipment and use, the safety of movement of vessels, saving human life and the prevention of sea pollution from vessels that have been involved in an accident, and the investigation of accidents and emergencies and learning from them. The Baltic Sea Maritime Safety Programme is based on the Finnish Government Programme. It includes a wide variety of measures to improve maritime safety in Finnish waters and on the Baltic Sea as a whole. The basic principle of the Programme is to more effectively prevent accidents and resulting loss of life and pollution of the marine environment. The guidelines and measures adopted in the Programme are based on assessments of the present state and of development trends over the next few years. The programme examines maritime safety through four main themes: 1) preventing and reducing accidents, 2) saving of human lives, 3) preventing hazardous substances from getting into water, and 4) investigating accidents and dangerous situations and utilising the investigation data in accident prevention. The Baltic Sea Maritime Safety Programme comprises of general guidelines regarding Government action and of individual measures. One of the general guidelines is that the Government contributes to the preparation and discussion of maritime safety issues in the European Union. Matters of importance to Finland will be promoted at the earliest possible stage of preparations with emphasis on the Baltic Sea's special conditions and the importance of maritime navigation for the Finnish economy. The national preparation and coordination of international matters will be promoted within the Government too. The individual measures of the programme include effective implementation of the EU's Third Maritime Safety Package. Implementation of the eight legislative proposals the Package contains will increase maritime safety at the Baltic Sea. The implementation process calls for significant legislative measures and cooperation between the authorities over the next 18 months concerning the administrative sectors of several ministries, including the Ministry of Transport and Communications, Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of the Environment, and Ministry of Justice. The Programme also pays attention to the human factor. The biggest single factor behind accidents is human activity. Human skills and activity can be influenced by means of international requirements on the training of seamen and with the help of a national training system. The individual measures also include the following: making the monitoring and control of vessel traffic more effective in the narrowest part of Gulf of Bothnia, Quark; improving sea rescue preparedness, oil-combating facilities and monitoring of sea areas; and developing the investigation of accidents and the reporting of dangerous situations. This report mey be found at http://www.lvm.fi/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=339549&name=DLFE-7405.pdf&title=Julkaisuja%2018-2009 KW - Crashes KW - Finland KW - Pollution KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Ships KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.lvm.fi/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=339549&name=DLFE-7405.pdf&title=Julkaisuja%2018-2009 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/907189 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01126422 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Public Port Finance Survey for FY 2006 PY - 2008/12 SP - 30p AB - This report is the result of a cooperative effort between the Maritime Administration and the American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA). This is the only report of its kind in the port industry that covers U.S. and Canadian ports. It has been compiled for 28 years, first by AAPA or a member port and now, for the ninth year, by the Maritime Administration. The report contains financial data on maritime activities at ports, including the income statement, balance sheet, outstanding bonds, debt service, sales offices, and cargo tonnage. Two additional sections cover data on ratio analyses and contributions, donations, and grants received in fiscal year 2006. KW - Debt KW - Financing KW - Grant aid KW - Income KW - Ports KW - Surveys KW - Tonnage UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/REVISED_1-13-09___2006_Port_Finance_Survey_(final)_-_PRINT_ON_LEGAL_PAPER.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33200/33250/REVISED_1-13-09___2006_Port_Finance_Survey__final__-_PRINT_ON_LEGAL_PAPER.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/886632 ER - TY - ABST AN - 01494909 TI - Climate Change Report to Congress AB - The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 mandated that the US Department of Transportation produce a report to Congress on transportation's impact on climate change and solutions for reducing this impact. The study also considered co-benefits of fuel savings and air quality improvement. Completed in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency and the United States Global Change Research Program. KW - Air quality KW - Air quality management KW - Climate change KW - Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental protection KW - Fuel conservation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1264143 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01115482 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Transportation Economics and Management Systems, Incorporated TI - Impact of High Oil Prices on Freight Transportation: Modal Shift Potential in Five Corridors PY - 2008/10//Technical Report SP - 60p AB - Oil prices have undergone some dramatic fluctuations over the past few months. Recently they were more than double the level they were just five years ago. Oil prices are expected to rise again because supply is not likely to keep up with demand once economic growth returns. In order to understand the impact of oil prices on transportation markets and their logistics chains, the Maritime Administration sponsored a study that reviewed U.S. and international forecasts of potential oil prices and assessed how higher fuel prices would impact different modes of transportation. The study found that: (1) The more fuel-efficient rail and water modes are far less affected by fuel price increases than trucking, particularly over longer shipping distances and where Roll-On/Roll-Off vessels, which have significantly lower fixed intermodal drayage and port costs, can be used. (2) Increased demand for rail/truck intermodal services is depleting available rail capacity, making existing and potential water services even more attractive. (3) Analysis of five major U.S. freight corridors that serve over 95 percent of the U.S. population – Great Lakes (and St. Lawrence Seaway), Gulf Coast, Mississippi River, East Coast, and West Coast – indicates that domestic waterborne containerized traffic has the potential to increase by a factor of 2 to 3 as diesel fuel prices rise from $2 up to $7 per gallon. (4) The Great Lakes, Mississippi River, and Gulf Coast freight corridors generate sufficient domestic traffic volume to initiate new water services. (5) Along both the East and West Coast, a portion of the huge and growing volume of U.S. international trade now distributed inland through gateway Atlantic and Pacific seaports can be moved by new coastal feeder services. As the economy revives and energy demand grows, oil prices should rise again. Higher fuel prices should encourage investment in waterborne transportation by providing a cost incentive for a significantly enhanced role for water in the U.S. transportation network. The full report and the executive summary are available on the Maritime Administration web site. KW - Container traffic KW - Domestic transportation KW - Freight corridors KW - Freight traffic KW - Fuel consumption KW - Logistics KW - Markets KW - Modal shift KW - Oils KW - Prices KW - Railroads KW - Supply chain management KW - Water transportation UR - http://marad.dot.gov/documents/Modal_Shift_Study_-_Technical_Report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/874779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01135396 AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. Water Transportation Statistical Snapshot PY - 2008/05 SP - 32p AB - It is the mission of the Maritime Administration to strengthen the U.S. water transportation system, including infrastructure, industry, and labor, to meet the economic and security needs of the Nation. The U.S. water transportation industry serves the needs of both foreign and domestic commerce. It comprises companies that carry freight or passengers on the open seas or inland waterways, offer towing services, charter vessels, and operate canals and terminals. The U.S. water transportation industry is in a period of renewal and expansion with major changes in trades, fleets, gross output and employment. The following snapshot highlights the major changes that have occurred over the last five years. KW - Data collection KW - Economic indicators KW - Employment KW - Infrastructure KW - Inland water transportation KW - International trade KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Maritime industry KW - Ships KW - Statistical analysis KW - Trade KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/892111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01135363 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Compilation of Maritime Laws, January 2008 PY - 2008/01 SP - 770p AB - Each year since 1995, the Maritime Administration has published the Compilation of Maritime Laws as an essential reference for its Agency leadership and staff. The Compilation is also widely used by the Members of Congress, their staffs and committees, attorneys practicing in the area of Federal Maritime Law and interested members of the general public. The Maritime Administration believes that it is essential that this publication be made available to ensure access to the current state of significant Maritime Laws including current statutory amendments. This publication has been changed considerably from earlier editions to reflect the codification of Title 46 Appendix, United States Code, in Public Law 109-304. An Index giving the old and new citations for various provisions of law has been included at the very end to help the reader find new section numbers. This convenient volume is current through the first session of the 110th Congress. It also contains Public Law 110-181, approved January 28, 2008 (122 STAT. 3). While this Compilation is a helpful research tool, citation to the law should be made by reference to the United States Code or other official reporters. KW - Marine transit KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Merchant vessels KW - National security KW - Passenger ships KW - Policy, legislation and regulation KW - Shipping KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/894427 ER - TY - SER AN - 01146903 JO - MERENKULKULAITOKSEN JULKAISUJA, FINNISH MARITIME ADMINISTRATION PUBLICATIONS PB - FINNISH MARITIME ADMINISTRATION AU - Finnish Maritime Administration TI - Hydrographic charting programme 2008-2018 T2 - Merikartoitusohjema 2008-2018 SN - 978-951-49-0875-0 PY - 2008 IS - 5/2008 SP - 52p AB - This is an updated version of the Hydrographic charting programme for 2005 - 2015. The programme determines the focus areas for hydrographic surveying procurement and chart production until the year 2018. The focus areas also include hydrographic information management and services, the importance of which has further increased along with the government's productivity requirements and society's demands for information (for other than navigational use). The guidelines set out in the hydrographic charting programme are based on the obligations in national regulations and international treaties as well as on the demands of society (such as those included in the government programme) and those charted in surveys on customer demand. The significant changes which have taken place in the maritime field of activities have been taken into consideration in the programme. One of the most essential changes is the heavy increase in oil transports on the Gulf of Finland due to which the securing of the traffic safety on the Gulf of Finland under all circumstances is emphasized in the field of hydrographic charting. Also, as ECDIS systems are becoming more general and the use of them compulsory, adequate coverage for ENC materials is required by mid-2010. The most important new guidelines for hydrographic surveying procurement and chart production are: 1) new classification of the service level of depth information 2) specified timetables for carrying out hydrographic surveys 3) specified timetables for the processing of depth information 4) renewed classification of nautical charts 5) specified timetables for the publication of nautical charts 6) ENC publication timetable until 2010. The objective is that in 2018 the hydrographic charting products and services are dimensioned to meet the demands of society and customers and are continuously developed to keep up with the changing demands. The necessary measures have been taken to protect the increasing traffic at sea and to develop the traffic flow. In the desired state the Navi surveys have been carried out in full and all specified HELCOM areas have been surveyed. In order to reach the desired state, action programmes for the hydrographic surveying procurement, chart publication and hydrographic information management will be devised. A prerequisite for the desired state is that the financing of the long-term activities is secured. During the programme period the real level of financing is expected to stay on an annual level of approx. 11 - 12 million euro. The hydrographic charting programme will be updated at three-year intervals. This repot may be found at http://portal.fma.fi/portal/page/portal/fma_fi/tietopalvelut/julkaisut/julkaisusarjat/2008/Merikartoitusohjelma_2008-2018_netti.pdf KW - Finland KW - Hydrography KW - Water transportation UR - http://portal.fma.fi/portal/page/portal/fma_fi/tietopalvelut/julkaisut/julkaisusarjat/2008/Merikartoitusohjelma_2008-2018_netti.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/907198 ER - TY - SER AN - 01146902 JO - MERENKULKULAITOKSEN JULKAISUJA, FINNISH MARITIME ADMINISTRATION PUBLICATIONS PB - FINNISH MARITIME ADMINISTRATION AU - VENALAINEN, P TI - Seaborne container transports in Finland T2 - Suomen konttikuljetukset meritse SN - 978-951-49-2141-4 PY - 2008 IS - 4/2008 SP - 74p AB - In the report the present situation and development outlook of Finnish container transports have been analysed. Contaíner transports are the fastest growing maritime transport sector. Container transports in the Baltic Sea are predicted to quadruple by the year 2O20. The main part of the growth is due to the increasing Russian container traffic. In the 2lst century container transports in Finland increased by almost 800/0. In 2007 the container transports amounted to 1.6 million TEU (or 12.5 million tonnes). The increase is mainly due to the development of the Russian transit import. The reasons for the increasing container transports internationally are e.g. the increase in the trade of valuable goods, the growing demand for reliable and safe transports, the fact that containers are efficient and flexible also when smaller shipments are transported, the competitive price for ocean transports and the keen competition due to the growth prospect in the field and consequently the good supply of vessel capacity. In Finland the container transports are concentrated to a few potts. Kotka, Helsinki, Hamina and Rauma account for almost 90% of the container traffic. According to the interviewed shipping companies the container traffic should be even more concentrated in the future, e.g. because of the growing container ship sizes. The growing trend to use container transports for several types of goods, will to some extent also increase container traffic in smaller ports. In addition to the growing vessel sizes, central trends are among others congested transshipment ports in Europe and increased competition in the Baltic Sea. Due to the congestion, part of the vessel traffic is transferred to new transshipment ports. The competition in the Baltic Sea strenghens the development of the ports in Russia and Poland as well as the entry of ocean shipping companies on the feeder traffic market. The development of the Black Sea route and the Russian train services will increase the competition for transports especially in the Moscow area. Container transports of the Finnish trade will grow along with e.g. the long-distance exports of the discount store chains and the international purchasing cooperation as well as through international expansion to nearby regions. This report may be found at http://portal.fma.fi/portal/page/portal/fma_fi/tietopalvelut/julkaisut/julkaisusarjat/2008/Suomen_konttikuljetukset.pdf KW - Containerization KW - Containers KW - Finland KW - Trade KW - Transportation UR - http://portal.fma.fi/portal/page/portal/fma_fi/tietopalvelut/julkaisut/julkaisusarjat/2008/Suomen_konttikuljetukset.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/907197 ER - TY - SER AN - 01146901 JO - MERENKULKULAITOKSEN JULKAISUJA, FINNISH MARITIME ADMINISTRATION PUBLICATIONS PB - FINNISH MARITIME ADMINISTRATION AU - MUKULA, M AU - IIKKANEN, P TI - Cost of vessel traffic accidents T2 - Alusliikenteen onnettomuuksien kustannukset SN - 978-951-49-2140-7 PY - 2008 IS - 3/2008 SP - 48p AB - The study examines the adverse effects and costs of vessel traffic accidents, based on domestic and international sources. The end result of the work is a determination of the average costs of accidents in Finland in terms of the three most common types of accident, which are: running aground and bottom contact, vessel collisions, and collisions with fixed structures. The determined accident costs include material damage, personal injuries, oil-spill combating costs, and costs of other official services. In addition, the study presents methods for determining the costs to nature, fishing, tourism, and recreational use of areas from accidents that result in oil spills. In Finland, there are 30-40 vessel traffic accidents per year. The most common causes of accidents are human error and external factors, such as strong winds and ice conditions. Fairway maintenance shortcomings are very rarely a cause of accidents. Vessels generally suffer minor damage from accidents. The average cost of accidents is 0,3-1,7 million euros, depending on the type of accident and vessel. Average costs can be utilised particularly in project evaluations of waterway investments aimed at improving vessel traffic safety. This requires project-specific risk analysis. In Finland to date, there has been no large oil-spill accident. The total cost of such an accident can be up to tens of millions of euros. For this reason, in project evaluations the risk of a major accident and its possible impacts should be examined separately. This report may be found at http://portal.fma.fi/portal/page/portal/fma_fi/tietopalvelut/julkaisut/julkaisusarjat/2008/Alusliikenteen_onnettomuuskustannukset_2008.pdf KW - Costs KW - Crashes KW - Finland KW - Ships KW - Traffic UR - http://portal.fma.fi/portal/page/portal/fma_fi/tietopalvelut/julkaisut/julkaisusarjat/2008/Alusliikenteen_onnettomuuskustannukset_2008.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/907196 ER - TY - SER AN - 01146900 JO - MERENKULKULAITOKSEN JULKAISUJA, FINNISH MARITIME ADMINISTRATION PUBLICATIONS PB - FINNISH MARITIME ADMINISTRATION AU - IIKKANEN, P AU - MUKULA, M TI - The flow and economy of vessel traffic T2 - Alusliikenteen sujuvuus ja taloudellisuus SN - 978-951-49-2139-1 PY - 2008 IS - 2/2008 SP - 62p AB - The study has assessed the factors influencing the flow and economy of vessel traffic, their impact on different parties of the logistics chain, and the Finnish Maritime Administration's means for developing the flow and economy of vessel traffic. The emphasis of the study is an assessment of the effects of fairway maintenance and icebreaking. The study is based, in terms of icebreaking, on data produced by the IBNet system in the period 1999-2007. The flow and economy of traffic is ensured through a comprehensive fairway network of sufficient extent. Finland's fairway network currently has no shortcomings arising from fairway capacity that would significantly weaken the flow of vessel traffic. Nevertheless, the Finnish Maritime Administration's everyday preventive fairway maintenance is very important in ensuring the flow and economy of vessel traffic. If the fairways were not continually in a condition suitable for traffic, significant delays and additional costs would arise to vessel traffic as a result. The economy of vessel traffic can also be effectively promoted through fairway deepening projects, although the depths of Finnish poft entrances are already for the most paft adequate. The need to deepen fairways, however, will continue. This is due to the growth of vessel size, which will decrease the transport costs. Icebreaking ensures the flow of Finnish shipping all year round and provides for Finnish industry a competitive operating environment in all parts of the country. The assignment of eight icebreakers for the Finnish Maritime Administration's use is an absolute minimum requirement to safe-guard the basic service level for winter shipping in Finland. This means that in mild and normal winters, traffic can be handled mainly within the set service-level targets, but that in a severe inter, in the northern part of the Gulf of Bothnia, vessels must be prepared to wait up to ten ours or more for icebreaking assistance. This report may be found at age/portal/fma_fi/tietopalvelut/julkaisut/julkaisusarjat/2008/Alusliikenten_sujuvuus_16042008.pdf KW - Economics KW - Finland KW - Inland water transportation KW - Logistics KW - Ships KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/907195 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01138228 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Budget Estimates Fiscal Year 2010; Maritime Administration; Submitted for the Use of the Committees on Appropriations PY - 2008 SP - 186p AB - The Maritime Administration (MARAD) has a three-pronged mission. MARAD programs advance: (1) economic growth and recovery by providing job-producing businesses with efficient transportation options to reach their suppliers and customers, (2) marine transportation that is sensitive to environmental impacts on communities, and (3) a vital, viable, safe, and secure U.S. merchant marine for commerce, emergency response, and national security. Maritime transportation contributes more than $10 billion per year to the economy. MARADs work with ships and shipping, shipbuilding, port operations, and vessel operations supports the maritime industry, which is a significant employer. MARADs Title XI and Assistance to Small Shipyards programs provide grants supporting the industry, which can be an engine for capacity and economic growth. As waterborne transport provides a cost-effective transportation alternative, it can also help impact congestion in other transportation modes, reduce the cost of goods consumers use every day, and contribute to improving quality of life. The MARAD FY 2010 program includes a Presidential initiative for integrated planning with the Department of Homeland Security to inform development and modernization of intermodal freight infrastructure linking coastal and inland ports to highway and rail networks. The maritime transportation industry is making important changes in its environmental stewardship, with increasing emphasis on sustainability. MARAD programs will support the disposal of obsolete ships from the National Defense Reserve Fleet (NDRF) and management of the inactive Nuclear Ship SAVANNAH. MARAD programs will also work toward the reduction of port and vessel air pollution, further critical multi-modal transportation research to reduce environmental pollution and negative impacts, implement initiatives to reduce agency carbon footprint, and advance ballast water treatment technologies and develop scientific strategies for technology evaluation and verification. KW - Appropriations KW - Budgeting KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Economic growth KW - Maritime safety KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Merchant vessels KW - Mode choice KW - Ships KW - Tables (Data) KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/FY_2010_MARAD_CJ.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/898488 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01111239 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Vessel Calls at U.S. Ports Snapshot, 2006 PY - 2008 SP - 24p AB - The snapshot contains data on calls by oceangoing vessels of 10,000 deadweight (DWT) or greater at U.S. ports. It also contains data on age, type and capacity of vessels calling at U.S. ports. Capacity is expressed in terms of deadweight tons for all vessel types, plus twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) for containerships and cubic meters (CM) for gas carriers. KW - Cargo ships KW - Container terminals KW - Container traffic KW - Containerization KW - Containerships KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Tankers KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/870272 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01104557 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Maritime Operator Survey Concerning Mariner Availability PY - 2008 SP - 21p AB - This survey was launched to determine whether the U.S. maritime industry has a recruitment and retention problem that the Maritime Administration should address with greater attention or resources. The results of this survey indicate that industry does have a problem with mariner availability. A larger research effort is recommended to delve into greater detail on the issues affecting each segment of the industry and how these issues are affected by Federal programs, policies and regulations. KW - Maritime industry KW - Merchant seamen KW - Personnel retention KW - Recruiting KW - Surveys UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/pdf/Maritime_Operator_Survey_Final_5-20-08.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/863298 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01100394 AU - Maritime Administration TI - The Maritime Administration and the U.S. Marine Transportation System: A Vision for the 21st Century PY - 2007/11 SP - 48p AB - As we move forward in the 21st century, a profound sea change is taking shape. The marine transportation industry has become a highly sophisticated, global, intermodal transportation network that is absolutely vital to America’s economy and continued prosperity. Every day, thousands of vessels ply the world’s vast ocean highways and America’s waterways carrying record quantities of consumer goods and cargo. But the journey today no longer begins and ends at a port. It begins with construction of the ships that carry goods produced around the globe and can conclude at a department store’s receiving dock in Indianapolis or any other American city. Port-to-port grew into door-to-door for the marine transportation industry. America’s marine transportation industry led the intermodal revolution and is the most interconnected of all forms of transportation. More than half a century ago, America’s marine transportation industry pioneered the use of the container, now the standard instrument of trade all over the world. It also paved the way for double-stacked trains and the development of door-to-door logistical operations, software and tracking systems. This evolution has transformed the way we think about the business of moving freight and people. It has completely altered the transportation landscape and the role of transportation in our lives. Marine transportation is now a system of systems — an integrated network, not just within the United States, but around the world. It must operate seamlessly. Taking full advantage of America’s wealth of waterways, the Marine Transportation System requires vessels of all kinds suited to all kinds of cargo. It requires an advanced network of ports and terminals, fleets of trucks, rail cars and barges to carry these goods to the customer. It requires highly trained personnel both ashore and afloat. It needs support services and industries to keep the network up and running. It requires a highly complex logistical choreography of man and machine, an infrastructure of ship construction and repair facilities, pinpoint scheduling and the ability to track and trace all assets 24/7 throughout the supply chain — whether those assets are in the air, or on water or land. However, marine transportation is not just about physically moving cargo and people across land and bodies of water great and small, but better managing the entire shipment process. It is about providing greater efficiency, reliability and cost savings. It is meeting customer expectations and providing world class customer service. KW - Containers KW - Customer service KW - Economic efficiency KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Passenger transportation KW - Ports KW - Repairing KW - Shipbuilding KW - Ships KW - Trade KW - Transportation planning KW - Water transportation KW - Waterways UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/Publications/2007/Maritime%20Report~1107%20changed%2010-29.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/860183 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01089782 AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Maritime Administration AU - National Waterways Foundation TI - A Modal Comparison of Domestic Freight Transportation Effects on the General Public PY - 2007/11 SP - 77p AB - This study focuses on the Inland Waterway System (IWWS) which is examined in the following areas: cargo capacity, congestion, emissions, energy efficiency, safety impacts, and infrastructure impacts. These topics were selected because they are issues associated with all modes, enabling their comparison across modes; because data availability allows the conduct of a scientifically sound and defensible analysis; because the importance of these issues has been verified by industry contacts; and because they can be summarized and presented in ways the general public can understand. The final chapter of this report presents a case study. It uses a model developed by the Federal Highway Administration, known as "HERS-ST," to estimate the impacts on highway traffic that would accrue in the event of a closure of the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers in the vicinity of St. Louis, Missouri. KW - Cargo capacity KW - Case studies KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy efficiency KW - Freight transportation KW - Impact studies KW - Infrastructure KW - Inland waterways KW - Pollutants KW - Safety KW - Saint Louis (Missouri) KW - Transportation modes KW - Waterborne cargo KW - Waterway capacity KW - Waterway closure KW - Waterway congestion UR - http://www.americanwaterways.com/press_room/news_releases/NWFSTudy.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33200/33254/Phase_II_Report_Final_121907.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/850371 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01088257 AU - Stewart, Richard D AU - Riehl, James P AU - Wolosz, Carol J AU - Carlson, Stacey E AU - Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute AU - Maritime Administration TI - The Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute Annual Report, October 2006 - October 2007 PY - 2007/11//Annual Report SP - v.p. AB - The Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute was established to pursue research efforts in marine transportation, logistics, economics, engineering, environmental planning, and port management. The consortium also draws on expertise in a wide range of other areas through affiliations with other Great Lakes universities. This is the second year of funded support. The research agenda was extended to fund nine major projects, while two universities joined GLMRI as affiliate universities. This report details the nine projects while discussing meetings, outreach and education, and other efforts undertaken in support of the mission. The nine projects are as follows: Hydrodynamic Optimization Testing of Ballast-Free Ship Design; Expanding Regional Freight Information Resources for the Upper Midwest Phase II: Implementation of the Great lakes Maritime Information Delivery System; A Review of Great Lakes Shipbuilding and Repair Capability: Past, Present and Future; The Effect of Long-Term Cold Storage on Biodiesel Blends; Structure of Bacterial Communities Associated with Accelerated Corrosive Loss of Port Transportation Infrastructure; Building Sustainable Solutions to the Issue of Ballast Water Treatment: Testing Relationships between Propagule Pressure and Colonization Success of Invasive Species; Multibeam Bathymetry Survey of the Duluth-Superior Harbor; Great Lakes Maritime Transportation K-12 Education Program for Teachers, Students, and Communities (Year 2); and Environmental Effects of Marine Transportation: Develop an Environmental Management System Model. KW - Bacteria KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Bathymetry KW - Biodeterioration KW - Biodiesel fuels KW - Economics KW - Education KW - Engineering KW - Environmental policy KW - Environmental protection KW - Great Lakes KW - Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute KW - Information systems KW - Invasive species KW - Logistics KW - Ports KW - Research KW - Research projects KW - Ship design KW - Shipbuilding KW - Transportation infrastructure KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.glmri.org/research/completedstudies/AnnualReportNov07.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/849368 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01135398 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway New Cargoes/New Vessels Market Assessment Report PY - 2007/01 SP - 179p AB - The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway System (GLSLS) has long played a key role in North Americas transportation system by providing a vital transportation link for the movement of bulk traffic. The success of the GLSLS System in moving bulk cargo but not container traffic raises the important questions of whether or not it is fulfilling its potential and whether or not there are additional roles that it might play as part of the North American transportation system. KW - Cargo handling KW - Economic factors KW - Freight transportation KW - Great Lakes Region KW - Saint Lawrence Seaway KW - Short sea shipping KW - Trade routes KW - Vessel operations KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/892219 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01111176 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Compilation of Maritime Laws (As Amended through the Second Session of the 109th Congress) PY - 2007/01 SP - 632p AB - Each year since 1995, the Maritime Administration has published the Compilation of Maritime Laws as an essential reference for its Agency leadership and staff. The Compilation is also widely used by the Members of Congress, their staffs and committees, attorneys practicing in the area of Federal Maritime Law and interested members of the general public. The Maritime Administration believes that it is essential that this publication be made available to ensure access to the current state of significant Maritime Laws including current statutory amendments. This publication has been changed considerably from earlier editions to reflect the codification of Title 46 Appendix, United States Code, in Public Law 109-304. An Index giving the old and new citations for various provisions of law has been included at the very end to help the reader find new section numbers. This convenient volume is current through the second session of the 109th Congress. While this Compilation is a helpful research tool, citation to the law should be made by reference to the United States Code or other official reporters. KW - Marine transit KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Merchant vessels KW - National security KW - Passenger ships KW - Policy, legislation and regulation KW - Shipping KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/870273 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01135265 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway New Cargoes/New Vessels Market Assessment Report PY - 2007///Executive Summary SP - 12p AB - The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway (GLSLS) system of waterways have long played a key role in developing North America's economy. In the past century, the success and importance of these waterways in moving bulk and neobulk cargo has been critical in the development of the regions industrial base. Since May 2003, the U.S. Department of Transportation and Transport Canada have been involved in a comprehensive bi-national study to evaluate the infrastructure needs of the GLSLS System, including the engineering, economic, and environmental implications of those needs as they pertain to commercial navigation. KW - Cargo handling KW - Economic factors KW - Freight transportation KW - Great Lakes Region KW - Saint Lawrence River KW - Short sea shipping KW - Trade routes KW - Vessel operations KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/892221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01026341 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Competition in the Noncontiguous Domestic Maritime Trades PY - 2006/05 SP - 76p AB - The Interstate Commerce Commission Termination Act of 1995 (ICCTA) required the Department of Transportation (DOT) to study the state of competition in the noncontiguous domestic maritime trades. The study, “Competition in the Noncontiguous Domestic Maritime Trades,” was released by DOT in March 1997. In order to examine changes and trends in the domestic waterborne liner trade market that have occurred since the prior analysis, the Maritime Administration (MARAD) has prepared this new study. As in the prior analysis, the noncontiguous domestic maritime trades are those between the Mainland of the United States and Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. This analysis discusses the economic factors affecting the demand and supply of liner services in the domestic offshore markets, the extent of concentration and competition in each of these trades, and trends in liner shipping rates based on a detailed examination of data available to MARAD. KW - Alaska KW - Competition KW - Demand KW - Domestic transportation KW - Economic factors KW - Guam KW - Hawaii KW - Liner shipping KW - Markets KW - Puerto Rico KW - Supply KW - Trade KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - United States KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/783187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01036408 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Compilation of Maritime Laws. The Merchant Marine Act, 1936, The Maritime Security Act of 2003, The Shipping Act of 1984, and Related Acts [as Amended through the First Session of the 109th Congress] SN - 0160764939 PY - 2006/01 SP - 684p AB - Each year since 1995, the Maritime Administration has published the Compilation of Maritime Laws as an essential reference for its Agency leadership and staff. The Compilation is also widely used by the Members of Congress, their staffs and committees, attorneys practicing in the area of Federal Maritime Law and interested members of the general public. What is noteworthy in this publication is the broad area of subject matters covered, reflecting the ever increasing scope of responsibilities entrusted to the Maritime Administration. This convenient volume includes Maritime Laws of particular importance to the Maritime Administration and is current through the 1st Session of the 109th Congress. Among those included in the laws are: The Merchant Marine Act, 1936; The Maritime Security Act of 2003; and the Shipping Act of 1984; and other related acts. While this Compilation should be a helpful research tool, citation to the law should be made by reference to the United States Code or other official reporters. KW - Laws and legislation KW - Maritime law KW - Maritime security KW - Maritime Security Act of 2003 KW - Merchant Marine Act, 1936 KW - Shipping KW - Shipping Act of 1984 KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/Publications/Compilation%2006/Compilation%20of%20Maritime%20Law.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/792495 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01104555 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Maritime Administration Annual Report To Congress Fiscal Year 2006 PY - 2006 SP - 60p AB - This annual report for fiscal year 2006 serves to document how the Maritime Administration supports the U.S. Department of Transportation’s goals of Reduced Congestion; Security, Preparedness and Response; Global Connectivity; and Environmental Stewardship; as well as the President’s Management Agenda goals for Organizational Excellence. KW - Annual reports KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Emergency management KW - Environmental stewardship KW - Security KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic congestion KW - U.S. Maritime Administration KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/Publications/2007/MARAD%202006%20Report%20to%20Congress%5B1%5D.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/863350 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01025840 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, Michael D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Women's Issues in Transportation: Policy and Planning SN - 0309099560 PY - 2006 IS - 35 SP - pp 51-58 AB - Trip-making behavior is influenced by a variety of factors, including the demographic characteristics and lifestyle choices of the traveler as well as factors associated with the transportation system itself. Many paper presented at this conference have reported on different aspects of these explanatory variables. The papers in the plenary session on policy and planning focus instead on choices made by society in the form of public policy, which can also strongly influence trip behavior, including such things as the availability of alternative modes of transportation, how transport choices are priced, the availability of lifestyle support services such as daycare centers, the manner in which communities develop, and how tax structures influence one kind of behavior over another. Three specific questions define the types of issues to be examined in this session: What are the implications of women's trip behavior for planning practice? What are the implications of women's transportation issues for policy? What has been international experience with respect to women's travel? The topic of public policy and planning is so broad and encompasses so many issues that it is difficult to establish boundaries around what should be included and, perhaps more important, to know how not to cover topics that are discussed elsewhere in the conference. In some ways, all of the other sessions and papers in this conference could be placed under the broad umbrella of policy and planning because they all relate in one fashion or another to policy and planning methods and to establishing the analysis context for policy recommendations. The purpose of this overview is to set the context for the papers presented in the policy and planning session of the conference by establishing a conceptual framework for planning and policy development, which is used to describe current understandings and potential research needs. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Females KW - Framework (Planning) KW - Public policy KW - Research KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel behavior UR - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/156976.aspx UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/783307 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01025839 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ferguson, Susan A AU - Braitman, Keli A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Women's Issues in Highway Safety: Summary of the Literature SN - 0309099560 PY - 2006 IS - 35 SP - pp 39-50 AB - A review of research literature on passenger vehicle safety that focuses on gender differences is provided. Around the world women are licensed and driving more than in the past. The result is that more women are dying in crashes, although more men than women still die in crashes every year because men drive more miles than women and tend to take more risks (speed, driving under the influence of alcohol, less frequent use of seat belts). Men's crashes are often more severe than women's, but when crash severity is controlled for, women are more likely to be killed or injured. Evidence suggests that for the most part vehicle features designed to reduce injuries (e.g., seat belts and airbags) are as effective in protecting women as men. Sometimes they are more effective. For example, improvements to head restraints may be reducing neck injury more for women than men. There also have been changes in crash testing; dummies representing shorter women are beginning to be used. One area that has received limited attention is the safety of pregnant women and their fetuses. The development of a pregnant dummy has been under way for years, and research using both real and computer-simulated pregnant dummies is exploring how factors such as seat belts, airbags, and crash severity affect a pregnant mother and fetus in a crash. As more women drive into their later years and drive more miles, it will be important to evaluate changes in crash characteristics over time as a function of age and sex as well as the types of injuries that women and men sustain. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Age KW - Air bags KW - Crash severity KW - Deployable head restraints KW - Dummies KW - Fatalities KW - Females KW - Fetus KW - Gender KW - Highway safety KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Literature reviews KW - Pregnant women KW - Seat belts KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle safety UR - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/156976.aspx UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/783306 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01025838 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Handy, Susan L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Community Design and Travel Behavior: Exploring the Implications for Women SN - 0309099560 PY - 2006 IS - 35 SP - pp 29-38 AB - In the face of growing levels of congestion and persistent air quality problems, planners increasingly see community design as a way of reducing automobile dependence. Because of growing levels of obesity and the attendant health problems, public health officials have also turned to community design as a way of increasing physical activity. Proponents from both camps argue that higher population and employment densities, greater mixes of land uses, more gridlike street networks, and better transit service contribute to lower levels of driving and higher levels of walking, and they cite numerous studies to support their cases. But most studies focus on the population as a whole, and few studies so far consider the ways in which the effect of community design might differ for particular segments of the population given their particular travel needs. As evidence of the complexity of women's travel accumulates, researchers have begun to explore what community design means for women, both the possibility that community design adds to their travel burden and the possibility that it can help to ease that burden. Women face significant concerns related to family, health, and safety that complicate their daily lives; these concerns contribute to their need for travel and to the constraints they face in attempting to meet those needs. Communities designed so that women must drive long distances to work, to daycare, to shopping, or to medical appointments add to the time and cost of meeting their personal and household needs. In contrast, communities designed for shorter driving distances and for modes other than driving may offer women the option of reducing the time and money they spend on travel. At this time, few questions have been answered and many questions remain, not only about the implications of community design for the travel of women but also about the relationship between community design and travel behavior more generally. As a step toward building a research agenda on the implications for women of the relationship between community design and travel behavior, the available literature is reviewed here, original data analysis is presented, and outstanding issues are discussed for the following questions: What is community design? How does community design affect travel behavior? How might these effects differ for women? Where do we go from here? U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Communities KW - Data analysis KW - Design KW - Females KW - Literature reviews KW - Research KW - Travel behavior UR - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/156976.aspx UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/783305 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01025837 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Rosenbloom, Sandra AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Understanding Women's and Men's Travel Patterns: The Research Challenge SN - 0309099560 PY - 2006 IS - 35 SP - pp 7-28 AB - Men and women have long had different travel patterns. However, there is increasing convergence in those travel patterns, at least at the aggregate level. Trends in women's and men's travel patterns over time are evaluated to determine whether comparable men and women have similar travel patterns. It is concluded that (a) women's and men's aggregate travel behavior is still far from equal on a number of measures whereas trends toward convergence may be slowing, (b) disaggregating behavior often reveals distinct differences between the sexes, and (c) so many potentially explanatory variables are tied to sex in society that it may not be relevant whether sex or other intensely gendered variables, such as household role or living alone in old age, explain differences between men and women. There is more than adequate justification for a focus on women's transportation issues and the need for continued research on the nature and expected duration of the travel differences between women and men to supply the information needed to make effective transportation and other policies. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Females KW - Males KW - Research KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel patterns KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/156976.aspx UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/783304 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01025836 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Frye, Ann AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Research on Women's Issues in Transportation, Report of a Conference, Volume 1: Conference Overview and Plenary Papers. Keynote Address SN - 0309099560 PY - 2006 IS - 35 SP - pp 5-6 AB - The author gives a very brief summary of some of the key factors that she believes are important in helping to establish a better balance in the transport world so that women's voices are heard and women's needs are recognized and met. She points out that increasingly we have more women in senior positions in the transport industries, changing attitudes and perspectives and challenging old ways of working; more research that has identified gender issues; and a clearer focus on understanding people's needs as a starting point for developing and delivering transport services. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Females KW - Gender KW - Needs assessment KW - Research KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy UR - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/156976.aspx UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/783303 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01025835 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Research on Women's Issues in Transportation, Report of a Conference, Volume 1: Conference Overview and Plenary Papers SN - 0309099560 PY - 2006 IS - 35 SP - 75p AB - This conference had two primary objectives: (a) to identify and explore additional research and data needed to inform transportation policy decisions that address women's mobility, safety, and security needs and (b) to encourage research by young researchers. The conference was organized around four subject areas: Understanding Travel Issues; Transportation, Access, and Community Design; Injury Prevention and Ergonomics; and Policy and Planning. The conference proceedings are presented in two volumes. This volume, Volume 1, includes the conference summary, the four peer-reviewed overview papers presented by the topic leaders, the keynote presentation, and a list of conference participants. Volume 2 contains the peer-reviewed breakout and poster papers and several abstracts of papers on subjects of particular interest to the conference organizing committee. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Access KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Design KW - Ergonomics KW - Females KW - Gender KW - Injury prevention KW - Mobility KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel behavior UR - http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/156976.aspx UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/783302 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01002894 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Report to Congress on the Performance of Ports and the Intermodal System PY - 2005/06 SP - 83p AB - The Conference Report to accompany the FY 2004 Omnibus Appropriations legislation directs the Maritime Administration (MARAD) to report to the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations on the performance of the intermodal system with respect to the efficiency of the most congested ports. In this report, MARAD provides an assessment of the conditions at commercial ports, and the movement of military cargo through the intermodal system during the Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) buildup. MARAD’s assessment includes the performance of the major components of the intermodal system: waterside, port/terminal intermodal interface, and landside movements. Particular emphasis is given to the ability of the nation’s commercial freight transportation infrastructure to handle an unexpected surge in cargo during a military deployment, such as OIF. MARAD was unable to provide the requested comparison of the most congested ports in terms of operational efficiency due to a lack of consistent national port efficiency data. Given the diverse characteristics of U.S. ports, comparing port efficiency would require the creation of new methodologies and the collection of data that were not available for this report. To address this issue, MARAD developed an innovative approach to meet the Committees’ request by collecting information directly via site visits and a limited number of structured interviews with stakeholders, rather than employing a traditional survey. KW - Cargo handling KW - Commercial transportation KW - Data collection KW - Freight transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Interviewing KW - Iraq war, 2003- KW - Landside operations (Ports) KW - Military deployments KW - Military shipments KW - Operational efficiency KW - Performance KW - Port congestion KW - Ports KW - Stakeholders KW - U.S. Maritime Administration KW - United States KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/Publications/05%20reports/Report%20to%20Congress-Ports%20%20Intermodal%20Efficiency%206-21-05%20final.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33200/33252/Rpt_to_Congress-Perf_Ports_Intermodal_Sys-June2005.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/758785 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016539 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Li, Hainan AU - Guensler, Randall L AU - Ogle, Jennifer TI - Comparing Women's and Men's Morning Commute Trip Chaining in Atlanta, Georgia, by Using Instrumented Vehicle Activity Data SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 14-20 AB - Differences between women's and men's morning commute trip-chaining patterns are examined by using a subset of instrumented vehicle activity observations for 10 days of morning commute journeys made by 182 drivers from 138 households in Atlanta, Georgia. Morning commute trips that involve trip chaining are longer both in distance and in duration for both men and women compared with morning commutes without trip chaining. On the basis of analysis of the Atlanta data reported, overall gender differences in the morning commute trip-chaining patterns for men and women appear to exist. Men traveled a greater distance and spent more time in the morning commute than did women. Men stopped more frequently than women, and women tended to have shorter stop durations than did men. Some of the findings contradict previous research. It is not clear whether the differences reported here are specific to Atlanta, to the households involved in the sample, or perhaps to the specific time frame in which the analyses were undertaken. A larger sampling of the instrumented vehicle data (1 year of commute travel for 250+ households in the Commute Atlanta project) is currently being prepared to further assess these differences and to examine whether gender roles may be changing, at least in Atlanta. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Females KW - Gender KW - Instrumented vehicles KW - Males KW - Travel time KW - Trip chaining KW - Trip length UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773059 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016538 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Laapotti, Sirkku TI - What Are Young Female Drivers Made Of? Differences in Driving Behavior and Attitudes of Young Women and Men in Finland SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 148-154 AB - Young female drivers in Finland are described by comparing the driving behavior and attitudes of young women and men. The study also questioned whether the traffic behavior and attitudes of female drivers have changed to resemble those of male drivers more closely during the past 20 years. The study used questionnaires to collect data from about 40,000 drivers on their attitudes and behavior (quantity and quality of driving, number and type of accidents, number of violations). Data on traffic offenses were also gathered by questionnaires from 30,275 drivers on an official register. Accident databases covering three levels of severity were used in the study: self-reported accidents, accidents in which claims were made to insurance companies, and fatal accidents investigated by the Road Accident Investigation Teams in Finland. The results showed that on the whole, female drivers hold more positive attitudes toward traffic regulations and safety. They committed fewer traffic offenses and were involved in accidents less often than men (exposure controlled for). Typical female drivers' accidents were those involving backing up and minor single-vehicle accidents. It is concluded that traffic attitudes and accident patterns of female drivers have not changed to resemble those of men more closely during the past 20 years in Finland. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Crash severity KW - Data collection KW - Drivers KW - Females KW - Finland KW - Males KW - Questionnaires KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic regulations KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic violations UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773157 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016537 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Krizek, Kevin J AU - Johnson, Pamela Jo AU - Tilahun, Nebiyou TI - Gender Differences in Bicycling Behavior and Facility Preferences SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 31-40 AB - This study focuses on bicycling and specifically the differences by gender in terms of use and facility preferences. It is hypothesized that there are observable differences in bicycle use and how bicycle facilities are perceived; the researchers attempt to understand where differences exist and to document these differences in a manner that provides a baseline for future research. Secondary data from five different surveys were used to examine actual cycling behavior (commuting and other), desired amenities, and safety perceptions, as well as cycling facility preferences of women versus men. In general, the research uncovered a number of differences between men and women but also several other important differences. For example, there are distinct gender differences in the purpose of bicycle trips, desired amenities and safety perceptions, and the degree to which separate facilities are valued. This work contributes to the planning, transportation, and public health (physical activity) literature by providing a quantitative baseline documentation on which to build future work on a specific but often-glossed-over topic. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Amenities KW - Baseline data KW - Behavior KW - Bicycle facilities KW - Bicycling KW - Gender KW - Safety KW - Stated preferences KW - Surveys KW - Trip purpose UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773062 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016536 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Vance, Colin AU - Buchheim, Sabine AU - Brockfeld, Elmar TI - Gender as a Determinant of Car Use: Evidence from Germany SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 59-67 AB - The determinants of car use in Germany are explored by analyzing a panel survey of travel diary data collected between 1994 and 2001. The analysis is conducted against the backdrop of two questions: Do women have more constrained access to cars than men, and if so, how is this constrained access mitigated or exacerbated by other determinants of car use such as community design, socioeconomic circumstances, and the demographic composition of the household? A cross-cutting issue is whether the existence of gender discrepancies in car use reflects the outcome of objective reasoning or of patriarchal constraints. Answers to these questions are pursued by estimating a probit choice model of the determinants of car utilization on weekdays. Although it is found that women are characterized by a lower likelihood of car use than are men, the magnitude of the discrepancy is influenced by several intervening variables including age, number of children, and time spent in out-of-household activities. The presence of children, in particular, is found to play a significant role in reducing disparities between men and women with respect to car use, whereas urban form variables generally play an insignificant role. It is concluded that although car use decisions may be made on the basis of objective reasoning, this reasoning often emerges from patriarchal constraints that dictate traditional gender roles. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Age KW - Automobile travel KW - Children KW - Choice models KW - Females KW - Gender KW - Germany KW - Males KW - Panel studies KW - Probits KW - Travel diaries KW - Travel surveys KW - Urban form KW - Weekdays UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773066 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016535 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mohammadian, Abolfazl TI - Gender Differences in Automobile Choice Behavior SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 41-48 AB - Automobile ownership plays an important role in determination of travel behavior. In contrast, gender difference is shown to be a significant factor in automobile choice behavior. The primary objective of this study was to identify influential factors that affect gender differences in automobile choice behavior. This study presents the process of developing mixed logit discrete choice models that control for gender to predict automobile type choice behavior. A variety of explanatory variables were used to provide a good model fit. Overall, the models demonstrate that gender-specific automobile type choice behavior is influenced by a wide variety of explanatory variables, including automobile attributes and household and individual characteristics. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Automobile ownership KW - Automobiles KW - Choice models KW - Discrete choice models KW - Gender KW - Households KW - Mixed logit models KW - Persons and personal characteristics KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773063 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016534 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Srinivasan, Sumeeta TI - Influence of Residential Location on Travel Behavior of Women in Chennai, India SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 4-13 AB - The visible impact of urban transportation is in access to employment. However, transportation also affects access to other services such as shopping and social service facilities. Past research in Chennai, a large city in India, indicates that the relocation of the very poor in peripheral informal settlements severely affects their accessibility to jobs and services because of the commuting distances involved when employment opportunities continue to remain highly centralized. In this study an attempt was made to understand the influence of relative location within the city on travel behavior by using a sample of 116 low-income households from a variety of locations in Chennai. In particular, the travel behavior of women as affected by location was assessed. Models estimated to determine the influence of location characteristics on household travel behavior indicate that availability of transportation choices did affect the travel behavior of women even after differences in their life-cycle stage are accounted for. Recently, Chennai has been investing heavily in rail for public transportation without estimating current travel demand by spatial location within the city. The implications of this policy for integrated land use and transportation planning are especially pertinent in this context. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Access KW - Chennai (India) KW - Females KW - Jobs KW - Land use KW - Low income groups KW - Rail transit KW - Residential location KW - Shopping facilities KW - Social service KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773023 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016533 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Beck, Laurie F AU - Shults, Ruth A AU - Gilbert, Brenda Colley TI - Pregnant Women and Safety Belts: What Do We Know? SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 128-134 AB - Injuries are a leading cause of death among pregnant women, and motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of hospitalized injuries during pregnancy. The protective effect of safety belts for pregnant women and fetuses has been well documented. Self-reported data from two population-based surveys were used to examine safety belt use among reproductive-aged women and prenatal counseling about safety belts during pregnancy. The prevalence of safety belt use among reproductive-aged women ranged from 70% to 91% across 19 states. The prevalence of counseling about safety belts during pregnancy ranged from 37% to 57%. Younger, non-Hispanic black, and less educated reproductive-aged women were less likely to use seat belts. Pregnant women with these characteristics were more likely than older, non-Hispanic white, and more educated women to receive counseling about safety belt use. Population-based data on safety belt use among pregnant women are needed. Because belt use may change as the pregnancy advances, it should be measured during various stages of pregnancy. Adherence to counseling guidelines is low and should be increased. Provider counseling should be used in combination with effective tools such as legislation and high-visibility law enforcement, and the impact of counseling should be rigorously evaluated. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Blacks KW - Counseling KW - Injuries KW - Persons by educational level KW - Pregnant women KW - Seat belt use KW - Seat belts KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Whites UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773151 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016532 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia TI - Is It Safe to Walk Here? Design and Policy Responses to Women's Fear of Victimization in Public Places SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 102-112 AB - Fear of victimization and crime are important concerns for women in cities. Although differences among women exist because of age, race, class, cultural and educational background, sexual orientation, and disability status, as well as personal characteristics such as personality traits and sense of physical competence, women typically report higher levels of fear than men. Women's fear is particularly associated with specific environmental conditions and settings. An overview is given of women's fear of crime in public spaces. After a discussion of a series of facts and fallacies about women's fear, the outcomes of fear as reflected in women's behavior and travel patterns are reviewed. Empirical findings are reported from two surveys of women in neighborhood parks and waiting at bus stops in Los Angeles, California. Design and policy responses to women's fear of victimization are then focused on and the interrelationship between environment and crime is analyzed, with suggestions for design and planning strategies for safer public spaces. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Bus stops KW - Crimes KW - Environmental design KW - Fear KW - Females KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Neighborhoods KW - Policy KW - Public areas KW - Safety KW - Strategic planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel patterns KW - Victims UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773073 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016531 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Zhou, Yushuang AU - Outwater, Maren L AU - Proussaloglou, Kimon E TI - Market Research on Gender-Based Attitudinal Preferences and Travel Behavior SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 171-179 AB - The attitudinal differences between men and women are examined in terms of how attitudes toward everyday travel vary by gender and to what extent differences in travel behavior can be explained by attitudinal differences. How differences in attitudes and behavior between men and women vary across socioeconomic groups is also addressed. Data for this study came from four attitude-based household surveys in which nearly 40 attitudinal questions were asked to measure respondents' sensitivity to a broad range of experiences that they may encounter during their daily travel and their attitudes toward characteristics of the different travel modes they consider for their travel. The ratings of the attitudinal statements were analyzed to determine whether there is a gender difference; they were also used to segment the survey respondents into distinct market groups according to shared travel attitudes. This study shows that there is significant gender difference in travel attitudes, though the relative rank order of ratings provided by the female respondents was similar to that of the male respondents. It is important to provide a mix of strategies that would be most effective for different market segments with a range of attitudinal preferences and socioeconomic characteristics. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Attitudes KW - Females KW - Gender KW - Households KW - Males KW - Market research KW - Market segmented groups KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation modes KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel surveys UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773166 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016530 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dellinger, Ann M TI - Nonfatal Transportation-Related Injury Among Women: Differences in Injury Patterns and Severity by Age SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 163-168 AB - Transportation ranks among the leading causes of death and injury for women in the United states. National estimates of nonfatal injury were based on weighted data from 31,144 women aged 15 years and older treated in hospital emergency departments during 2002. These injuries were compared with data from 31,733 men collected in the same system. Injuries were classified by age, disposition (e.g., treated and released, hospitalized), person type (e.g., occupant, pedestrian), body area injured, and type of injury (diagnosis). The 31,144 injuries represented an estimated 1.8 million transportation injuries to women in the United States. The majority (93.6%) of injured women were treated and released. Data were divided into five categories: motor vehicle occupant, pedestrian, pedal cyclist, motorcyclist, and all other transportation-related injuries. An estimated 1,495,884 female occupants were injured during 2002. Women (1,280) had a higher occupant injury rate per 100,000 population than men (1,127). Men had higher rates as pedestrians, pedal cyclists, and motorcyclists. This analysis demonstrates the heavy burden of transportation injury among women, along with notable differences in injury severity and injury patterns. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Age KW - Cyclists KW - Females KW - Injuries KW - Injury patterns KW - Injury severity KW - Injury types KW - Males KW - Motorcyclists KW - Pedestrians KW - Statistics KW - Vehicle occupants UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773160 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016529 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Nobis, Claudia AU - Lenz, Barbara TI - Gender Differences in Travel Patterns: Role of Employment Status and Household Structure SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 114-123 AB - Many signs indicate that the mobility of women has changed significantly in the past several decades: young women possess a driver's license almost as often as young men do, and women's car availability and their average mileage per year have increased. At the same time, more and more women combine job and family. The effects that these changes have on women's mobility in Germany are explored. The central questions are whether women adapt their mobility behavior to that of men or develop a woman-specific behavior, particularly for the use of the car, and whether household structure and employment status have the same effect on travel patterns for men and women. With data from a national travel survey in Germany, a group classification is carried out in order to compare those with similar basic conditions. The grouping variables are sex, employment status, and household structure. The analysis is restricted to individuals between 30 and 49 years of age in order to minimize variation in the life cycle to the extent possible. The results show that single men and women share many similarities. Gender differences reach the highest level for multiperson households. As long as only sex and household type are taken into account, the gender differences found are consistent with the literature. However, the additional distinction of employment status reveals a more differentiated view of gender differences in travel patterns. Men are rarely part-time employees or homemakers, but once they have this role, they often have even more strongly pronounced travel characteristics that normally are ascribed to women. In contrast, the travel patterns of full-time employed women are still different from those of their male counterparts. In addition, when working full time, women are to a higher degree than men responsible for household duties and child care. In this context, the car seems to have the ambivalent role of affording more flexibility while at the same time solidifying the traditional role of women in household duties and child care. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Employment KW - Females KW - Gender KW - Germany KW - Households KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel surveys UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773080 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016528 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gossen, Rachel AU - Purvis, Charles L TI - Activities, Time, and Travel: Changes in Women's Travel Time Expenditures, 1990-2000 SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 21-29 AB - This study examines the constancy and change in total travel time expenditures of women and men in the San Francisco Bay Area across the 10-year period from 1990 to 2000. The data sets analyzed are the 1990 and 2000 Bay Area Travel Surveys. Total travel time expenditures for women and men are examined across various sociodemographic and household attributes including age, race and ethnicity, employment status, and household life-cycle category. The results show that for both women and men, reported daily travel time expenditures increased significantly from 1990 to 2000. In addition, the results show that for some subgroups of women and men, differences in travel time expenditures have equalized from 1990 to 2000, whereas differences between other subgroups have increased. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Age KW - Employment KW - Ethnic groups KW - Females KW - Gender KW - Households KW - Race KW - San Francisco Bay Area KW - Sets KW - Sociodemographic attributes KW - Travel surveys KW - Travel time UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773061 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016527 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McDonald, Noreen C TI - Does Residential Density Affect the Travel "Gender Gap"? SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 68-75 AB - Research has shown that women with children have different travel patterns from those of their male counterparts, and thus there is a travel "gender gap." Women are more likely to make linked trips and to make trips solely to meet their children's travel needs, leading women to make more trips than men. A separate body of literature has shown significant, but moderate, influences of the built environment on travel behavior. This study tests the hypotheses that (a) there is a travel gender gap and (b) mothers make fewer trips for their children in densely populated places because their children are better able to meet their own travel needs. Analysis using the 2001 National Household Travel Survey shows that women make 77% more trips with children than their husbands do. This provides strong evidence for the existence of a gender gap when travel with children is considered. However, there is no evidence that the maternal travel burden declines as density increases, because children's travel options are not necessarily better in urban areas. Although children in urban areas walk and ride transit more than their rural counterparts do, they are less likely to have school bus service or to drive themselves. These two effects tend to cancel each other out, and the result is no reduction in mothers' travel burdens as density increases. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Built environment KW - Children KW - Females KW - Gender KW - Males KW - National Household Travel Survey KW - Residential density KW - Rural areas KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773068 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016526 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Klinich, Kathleen DeSantis AU - Rupp, Jonathan D AU - Schneider, Lawrence W AU - Pearlman, Mark D TI - Protecting the Pregnant Occupant and Fetus in Motor Vehicle Crashes: Biomechanical Perspective SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 135-140 AB - Providing effective protection for fetuses of pregnant occupants in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) poses a challenge to automotive safety engineers because of limited data on the causes of fetal loss and injury. Recent studies have improved the understanding of biomechanical factors leading to adverse fetal outcomes in MVCs and have resulted in tools to evaluate restraint system performance in pregnant occupants. An anthropometry study of seated pregnant occupants throughout gestation has provided data on the size and shape of the pregnant abdomen relative to steering wheels and belt restraints. In-depth investigations of 42 crashes involving pregnant occupants resulted in logistic regression models that estimate the risk of adverse fetal outcome on the basis of crash severity and maternal restraint use. Data from these studies were used to develop a pregnant abdomen and injury reference values for the small female Hybrid III crash dummy. Highest-priority areas for future research are to monitor fetal outcomes after MVCs systematically, improve instrumentation for the pregnant crash dummy, expand the database of MVCs involving pregnant women, and measure material property characteristics of uterine and placental tissue. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Anthropometry KW - Biomechanical mechanisms KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Dummies KW - Fetus KW - Future research KW - Pregnant women KW - Regression analysis KW - Seat belt use KW - Seat belts KW - Steering wheels KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle safety UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773154 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016525 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Clifton, Kelly J AU - Livi, Andrea D TI - Gender Differences in Walking Behavior, Attitudes About Walking, and Perceptions of the Environment in Three Maryland Communities SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 79-88 AB - Pedestrian behaviors and attitudes toward walking have recently become a focus of interest for researchers in a number of disciplines, including public health, transportation planning, and recreational studies. The potential gender differences regarding not only walking behavior but also attitudes about walking and perceptions of the environment, including safety, are of particular interest to planning researchers. To address these issues, the research design utilizes a survey instrument devised to capture respondents' perceptions about the physical environment, attitudes about walking, and self-reported pedestrian behaviors. These data were collected in three Maryland communities with different walkability and socioeconomic characteristics as part of a study to understand connections between the built environment and walking. These data are analyzed to examine how the subjective measures contribute to the understanding of gender differences in revealed pedestrian behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions. Lessons learned from this project, potential contributions to the understanding of the walking environment for both sexes, and future avenues of research are discussed. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Built environment KW - Data collection KW - Future research KW - Gender KW - Lessons learned KW - Maryland KW - Pedestrians KW - Perception KW - Revealed preferences KW - Safety KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Walking UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773070 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016524 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Clifton, Kelly J AU - Dill, Jennifer TI - Women's Travel Behavior and Land Use: Will New Styles of Neighborhoods Lead to More Women Walking? SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 89-99 AB - Many travel behavior researchers have explored the links between land use characteristics and travel patterns. Several of them have demonstrated that certain patterns, such as density, mixed uses, and street connectivity, are associated with fewer or shorter vehicle trips, or both. There is also a considerable body of literature demonstrating the differences between men's and women's travel patterns. Yet less effort has been devoted to examining how land use may interact with sex to influence travel outcomes. If land use does affect travel, does it affect men's and women's travel differently? In particular, will both women and men take advantage of the walkable features of new urbanist neighborhoods? This study examines these questions in more detail through empirical analysis of land use and travel data. The relationships between walking behaviors, land use, and sex are emphasized. The findings reveal that women in new urbanist neighborhoods may walk more than do women in less walkable environments. However, men appear more likely to respond to these environments and walk more than their female counterparts. Land use and urban design may also remove some of the current barriers to women's walking, particularly safety concerns; however, the results indicate that women's ability or inclination to walk may be rooted in other reasons, such as family responsibilities. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Females KW - Gender KW - Land use KW - Neighborhoods KW - Safety KW - Travel behavior KW - Urban design KW - Walking UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773072 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016523 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Polk, Merritt TI - Integration of Gender Equality into Transport Policy and Practice in Sweden SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 180-188 AB - To evaluate how policy makers have applied gender equality in Swedish transport policy and practice, two studies are compiled. The first briefly summarizes how gender equality has been integrated into transport policy in Sweden from 1997 to 2002. The second addresses the practical integration of gender equality into the transportation sector. Results are presented from a study that focuses on differences between women's and men's experiences with road infrastructure; on preferences regarding different parts of the road system; and on the priority rankings of the different goals in the transportation sector such as accessibility, effectiveness, safety, regional development, and a good environment. Interviews were held with 47 experts, users, professional driving instructors, and inspectors. In general, women have a more cooperative approach to road system infrastructure and the problems therein, and men are more individualistic. However, there are also noteworthy differences among age, socioeconomic group, and residential location. This study is a first step toward gathering knowledge that can be used on a practical level to attain a more gender-equal transportation system in Sweden. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Accessibility KW - Age KW - Environment KW - Females KW - Gender KW - Gender equality KW - Highway facilities KW - Highway safety KW - Infrastructure KW - Interviewing KW - Males KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Regional development KW - Residential location KW - Sweden KW - Transportation policy UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773169 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016522 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Noble, Barbara TI - Women's Travel: Can the Circle Be Squared? SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 196-209 AB - During the 1990s, the travel patterns of women in Great Britain exhibited some profound changes. Women of all ages are increasingly likely to hold driver's licenses and have full access to a car as the main driver. Three-fourths of the increase in car traffic since 1990 can be attributed to women. These changes have been influenced by major changes in the employment of women. For many women with children, a car is considered a necessity to help manage home and work responsibilities. Women have been able to expand their travel horizons, but there may be a cost to bear for society as a whole, with increasing congestion in many urban areas and on interurban roads. Bus service may become less viable, and opportunities for the remaining people who do not own a car may be reduced. Some tentative projections of further changes in car ownership and use by women over the next 10 to 15 years and their effect on traffic are provided. Can what seems to be impossible be achieved--can the circle be squared--so that the liberation that the car brings to many women can be enjoyed without the negative effects of increased congestion and environmental damage for society as a whole? U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Automobile ownership KW - Children KW - Driver licenses KW - Employment KW - Females KW - Traffic congestion KW - Travel patterns KW - United Kingdom UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773172 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016521 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Vagland, Asa TI - Gender Equality as a Subsidiary Objective of Swedish Transport Policy SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 189-195 AB - A description is given of how the Swedish government decided in 2001 to add a sixth subsidiary transport policy objective on gender equality in the transport system and developments since then. The most important steps toward gender equality in the transport system were taken in 1998, when the government proposed that a new advisory council, the Gender Equality Council for Transport and Information Technology, be appointed; in 2001, when the government decided to add the gender equality objective; and in 2002, when the Swedish Institute for Transport and Communications Analysis (SIKA) was instructed by the government to produce proposals for intermediate objectives within the transport policy objective of gender equality in the transport system. The government's next step will most likely be to give SIKA a new commission to work out intermediate objectives for gender equality to attain a transport system that is designed to meet the needs of both men and women. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Gender KW - Gender equality KW - Sweden KW - Transportation policy UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773171 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016520 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Duma, Stefan M AU - Moorcroft, Dave AU - Stitzel, Joel AU - Duma, Greg TI - Computational Model of Pregnant Motor Vehicle Occupant SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 141-147 AB - A validated model of a 30-week-pregnant motor vehicle occupant is presented and the risk of fetal injury in frontal crashes is examined. A model of the pregnant uterus was imported into MADYMO 6.0 and included in the fifth-percentile female human body model by using membrane elements to serve as ligaments and facet surfaces for the overlying skin. A simulation matrix of 15 tests was developed to predict fetal outcome and included frontal crash impulses from minor (<24 km/h) to moderate (24 to 48 km/h) and severe (>48 km/h) crashes for the driver and passenger occupant positions. The test matrix included various restraint combinations: no restraint, lap belt, three-point belt, three-point with airbag, and airbag only. Overall, the risk of adverse fetal outcome was found to increase with increasing crash severity and to be higher for properly restrained drivers than for passengers. The peak uterine strain was reduced by 26% to 54% for the passenger position versus the driver position. This difference was due primarily to driver interaction with the steering wheel. For both occupant positions, the maternal injury indices were greatest for the unrestrained occupant. The current modeling effort has verified previous experimental findings regarding the importance of proper restraint use for the pregnant occupant. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Air bags KW - Crash severity KW - Driver position KW - Fetus KW - Frontal crashes KW - Injuries KW - MADYMO (Computer program) KW - Mathematical models KW - Passenger seat position KW - Pregnant women KW - Risk assessment KW - Seat belts KW - Simulation KW - Steering wheels UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773155 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016519 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Clifton, Kelly J AU - Burnier, Carolina AU - Fults, Kandice Kreamer TI - Women's Involvement in Pedestrian-Vehicle Crashes: Influence of Personal and Environmental Factors SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 155-162 AB - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes are examined for patterns by gender. The analysis focuses on how the pedestrian crashes of men and women vary by personal characteristics (age, condition, injury) and physical characteristics of the crash area (location type, density, land use, pedestrian activity). The data for this study are pedestrian-vehicle crashes in Baltimore City, Maryland, from the State of Maryland Motor Vehicle Accident Report. The results from the analysis presented here suggest that, in general, there are few significant gender effects in the majority of pedestrian crashes. Women tend to be involved in fewer pedestrian crashes overall, and when they are involved, they appear to exhibit fewer risk-taking behaviors, such as violating traffic laws and consuming alcohol or drugs. Women were slightly less likely to be injured in a crash and less likely to die as a result. The effects of land use on pedestrian crash rates were not significant by gender. However, a higher percentage of women's crashes occur in areas with high pedestrian activity, which may be reflective of the distribution of areas in which women walk. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Crash locations KW - Fatalities KW - Females KW - Gender KW - Injuries KW - Land use KW - Males KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Risk taking UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773158 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016518 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McGuckin, Nancy AU - Nakamoto, Yukiko TI - Differences in Trip Chaining by Men and Women SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - pp 49-56 AB - Men's and women's commuting behavior continues to be distinctly different. The difference may be more apparent in the tendency to tripchain--that is, to link short stops in the trip to or from work. As more women entered the workforce and went from higher education to professional careers, it was widely assumed that aspects of women's and men's travel behavior would converge. However, research has found persistent gender differences in distance to work, mode of travel, and automobile occupancy and in the propensity to trip-chain. This study examines whether trends in trip-chaining behavior show convergence or the continued persistence of gender differences. Trends show that trip chaining during the commute increased from 1995 to 2001, and men's trip chaining increased nearly twice as much as women's. The growth in men's trip chaining is robust, but a large amount of that growth is for stops to get a meal or coffee on the way to work, called the Starbucks effect. Clarifying trends in the incidence of trip chaining and, more important, the details in terms of the direction, time of day, and purpose of the stops during commuting helps in the understanding of the persistence of gender roles in travel behavior. Such an understanding is vital to policy directives that aim to change travel behavior to ease congestion, reduce emissions, and save fuel. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Commuting KW - Females KW - Gender KW - Males KW - Travel behavior KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Trip chaining UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773064 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01016517 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board TI - Research on Women's Issues in Transportation, Report of a Conference, Volume 2: Technical Papers SN - 0309093945 PY - 2005 IS - 35 SP - 220p AB - This conference had two primary objectives: (a) to identify and explore additional research and data needed to inform transportation policy decisions that address women's mobility, safety, and security needs and (b) to encourage research by young researchers. The conference was organized around four subject areas: Understanding Travel Issues; Transportation, Access, and Community Design; Injury Prevention and Ergonomics; and Policy and Planning. The conference proceedings are presented in two volumes. Volume 1 includes the conference summary, the four peer-reviewed overview papers presented by the topic leaders, the keynote presentation, and a list of conference participants. This volume, Volume 2, contains the peer-reviewed breakout and poster papers and several abstracts of papers on subjects of particular interest to the conference organizing committee. U1 - Conference on Research on Women's Issues in TransportationTransportation Research BoardFederal Highway AdministrationDepartment for Transport, EnglandMichigan Department of TransportationGeneral Motors CorporationIowa Department of TransportationNew Mexico Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationWashington State Department of TransportationOak Ridge National LaboratoryChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:20041118 EndDate:20041120 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Highway Administration, Department for Transport, England, Michigan Department of Transportation, General Motors Corporation, Iowa Department of Transportation, New Mexico Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Washington State Department of Transportation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - Access KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Design KW - Ergonomics KW - Females KW - Gender KW - Injury prevention KW - Mobility KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel behavior UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/conf/CP35v2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/773020 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00983891 AU - Maritime Administration TI - INDUSTRY SURVEY SERIES, MAINSTREAM CONTAINER SERVICES, 2003 PY - 2004/06 SP - 26 p. AB - This report summarizes data collected in a survey of the principal container carriers serving mainstream U.S. transatlantic and transpacific trades. The information collected focuses on how services are evolving, port performance and where service improvements and investment focus are needed and expected in these trades. The objective of the Maritime Administration survey was to learn more about the container segment of the maritime industry and the critical issues it faces, and to obtain important information that is not available from existing data. KW - Container terminals KW - Container traffic KW - Container utilization KW - Investments KW - Maritime industry KW - Performance KW - Quality of service KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/745552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00981833 AU - Yonge, M AU - Maritime Transport and Logistics Advisors AU - Maritime Administration TI - EUROPEAN UNION SHORT SEA SHIPPING PY - 2004/04 SP - 235 p. AB - A recent European Commission working paper stated creating a dynamic EU economy and fostering deeper integration of the national economies rely on a properly functioning transport system. However, transport activities have certain negative consequences which could turn economic growth into unsustainable development if left unmanaged. Rising traffic levels in the European Union have lead to increasing congestion, causing delays and unreliable journey times for both individuals and firms. To the traveler, congestion means lost time, missed opportunities, frustration, and a waste of personal resources. To the employer, congestion means lost worker productivity, delivery delays, and increased costs. Nationally and internationally - speed, reliability and the cost of urban and intercity freight movements are increasingly affected by congestion. KW - Congestion management systems KW - Economic growth KW - European Union countries KW - Freight handling KW - Marine transit KW - Shipping KW - Short haul KW - Short sea shipping KW - Transportation modes KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/743111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00974966 AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPILATION OF MARITIME LAWS. THE MERCHANT MARINE ACT, 1936, THE MARITIME SECURITY ACT OF 2003, THE SHIPPING ACT OF 1984, AND RELATED ACTS (AS AMENDED THROUGH THE FIRST SESSION OF THE 108TH CONGRESS) PY - 2004/04 SP - 617 p. AB - Each year since 1995, the Maritime Administration has published the Compilation of Maritime Laws as a reference for the benefit of Members of Congress, their staffs and committees, attorneys practicing in the area of Federal Maritime Law and interested members of the general public. The Maritime Administration believes that it is essential that this publication be made available to ensure access to the current state of significant Maritime Laws including current statutory amendments. What is noteworthy in this publication is the broad area of subject matters covered, reflecting the scope of responsibilities entrusted to the Maritime Administration. This convenient volume includes Maritime Laws of particular importance to the Maritime Administration and is current through the 1st Session of the 108th Congress. The table of contents lists the following: Merchant Marine Act, 1936; Maritime Security Fleet; National Defense Tank Vessel Construction Assistance; Cargo Reservation; Shipping Act, 1916; Cross-Border Financing; Documentation of Vessels; Manning of Vessels; American Fisheries Act; Vessels Employed in Coasting Trade & Fisheries; Merchant Marine Act, 1920; Cabotage; Administrative Process for Small Passenger Vessel Jones Act Waivers; Waiver of Navigation and Vessel Inspection Laws; Statutory Waivers of the Jones Act; Merchant Ship Sales Act of 1946; National Defense Reserve Fleet/Ready Reserve Force; Vessel Operations Revolving Fund; Vessel Scrapping; Artificial Reef Program; Merchant Marine Act, 1928; Shipping Act of 1984; Foreign Shipping Practices Act; Title 40 - Public Buildings, Property, and Works; Military Programs; United States Commercial Shipyards; Maritime Administration Funding; Maritime Liability; Title 49, Subtitle IV - Interstate Water Carrier Transportation; Admiralty/Maritime Jurisdiction; American Great Lakes Vessels; Civil Procedures; Defense Production Act; Double Hull Tankers; Emergency Foreign Vessels Acquisition Act; Gambling; Maritime Miscellaneous; National Emergencies Act; Passenger/Cruise Vessels; Public Vessels Act; General Port Matters; Port Security Matters; and Appendix - Public Laws of the 108th Congress - First Session, Providing or Amending Certain Maritime Laws. KW - Artificial reefs KW - Cabotage KW - Cargo preference KW - Cruise ships KW - Documentation of vessels KW - Double hull tankers KW - Financing KW - Foreign flag ships KW - Gambling KW - International borders KW - Interstate water carriers KW - Liability KW - Manning requirements KW - Maritime law KW - Maritime Security Act of 2003 KW - Merchant marine KW - Merchant Marine Act, 1936 KW - Military programs KW - National defense KW - National security KW - Ports KW - Security KW - Shipping KW - Shipping Act of 1984 KW - Shipyards KW - Small passenger vessels KW - U.S. Maritime Administration KW - Vessel operations KW - Vessel scrapping UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/publications/Compilation%20of%20Maitime%20Law%2004/Compilation%20Maritime%20Laws.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/698298 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00969193 AU - Science Applications International Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONTAINER SEAL TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES, PHASE 1 PY - 2003/07/11 SP - 114 p. AB - This project is a testing and evaluation effort intended to develop the technical knowledge and experience regarding electronic container seals (e-seals) required to support on-going and proposed container security initiatives. This project hopes to develop the technical baseline which will help government and the industries involved select the most appropriate product to meet security, operational and economic requirements. In this phase of the project, the Cargo Handling Cooperative Program (CHCP) tested and evaluated the performance of selected radio frequency (RF) based e-seals from four manufacturers. Additionally, CHCP evaluated one non-RF e-seal product. Each seal was tested in three different environments: on a container moved through a container terminal gate, on a container moving along an open yard and on a container being moved on a double-stack rail car. The most basic issue addressed during the testing and evaluation phase was an overall assessment of the current maturity of e-seal technology and its readiness for large scale deployment. As the testing results demonstrated, e-seal technology is mature and robust enough to support large-scale deployment. However, questions remain regarding how the technology is applied from one manufacturer to another. Each manufacturer uses different communication frequencies, varying communication protocols, reader infrastructure architecture and tamper detection devices and methods. In the areas of frequency, communication protocols, reader infrastructure and seal location, design standards and operational parameters will have to be developed if there is to be functional interoperability between carriers and shippers and between seals and readers from various manufacturers. In a final note, the report offers another important conclusion: ultimately the safety and security of containers will depend on an evaluation of the container itself, not just locking the doors. KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Communication devices KW - Containers KW - Electronic container seals KW - Electronic equipment KW - Identification systems KW - Radio frequency KW - Safety and security KW - Seals (Devices) KW - Standards KW - Technology KW - Tracking systems UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/E-SealsFinalRpt_7-11-03_CHCP.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/680099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964202 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Department of Transportation TI - 2002 MARINER SURVEY - PRINCIPAL FINDINGS PY - 2003/06 SP - 11 p. AB - The 2002 Mariner Survey is a follow-up to the first survey of merchant mariners conducted during 2001. The major focus of the 2002 survey effort was to update and expand information on key readiness and training issues. Of those who completed a survey, findings show that the majority of mariners: are working in the industry, are sailing or attempting to sail on ocean-going vessels, and are planning to serve at sea in the future and have or intend to obtain a Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping (STCW) 95 certificate. In response to questions about volunteering for a National Defense emergency, the majority of mariners report that they: would volunteer for a National Defense mission, would be willing to serve for three months or longer, and would be willing to serve three or more tours and could report in nine days or less. KW - Attitudes KW - Emergencies KW - Merchant marine KW - Merchant seamen KW - National defense KW - Readiness to serve (Military personnel) KW - Surveys KW - Training KW - Willingness to serve (Military personnel) UR - http://www.bts.gov/omnibus/targeted/mariner_survey/principal_findings/2002/pdf/entire.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661365 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01109060 AU - Maritime Administration TI - United States Port Development Expenditure Report PY - 2003/03 SP - 24p AB - This report is the twelfth in a series that continues the capital expenditure survey of U.S. public ports first begun by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in 1956. Subsequent reports were published by the American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) and currently by the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD). This report analyzes the results of the AAPA capital expenditure survey for 2001. The survey included the capital expenditures for 2001 and proposed expenditures for the period 2002 through 2006 along with the funding sources used to finance these expenditures. KW - Capital expenditures KW - Development KW - Financing KW - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey KW - Ports KW - Surveys KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24100/24163/2001rpt.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/865782 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00950991 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - MOTTLEY, ROBERT AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - WHERE WILL EXTRA PORT CAPACITY COME FROM?: LANDLOCKED U.S. PORTS SEARCH FOR ALTERNATIVES. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Containerization KW - Marine terminals KW - Shipments KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604193 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00950996 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - DHL: NO. 3 FOR U.S. EXPRESS MARKET?: DEUTSCHE POST REORGANIZES EXPRESS AND LOGISTICS ACTIVITIES, ACQUIRES AIRBORNE TO COMPETE AGAINST FEDEX AND UPS. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Shipments KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604198 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00950998 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - TRANSPACIFIC NEGOTIATIONS: WHO'LL BLINK FIRST?: FREIGHT LEVELS, ROUTING FEATURES IN TRANSPACIFIC SHIPPERS' SERVICE CONTRACT NEGOTIATIONS. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604200 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951021 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - GILLIS, CHRIS AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - ABX LOOKS AHEAD: BELGIAN RAILWAY LOGISTICS SUBSIDIARY ENDURES POLITICAL THRASHING AND MANAGEMENT CHANGES. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Belgium KW - Freight transportation KW - Logistics KW - Railroads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604223 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951023 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - GILLIS, CHRIS AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - ECU-LINE'S INWARD-OUTWARD FOCUS: NVO COOL ON GLOBAL EXPANSION, BUT BIG ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Belgium KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604225 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951000 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - EURO PORTS: CONTINENTAL EUROPE PORTS MUST ACCOMODATE HIGHER BOX TRAFFIC, LARGER SHIPS AND PRO-COMPETITION PORT LEGISLATION. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Europe KW - Marine terminals KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604202 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951002 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - GILLIS, CHRIS AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - SECURING DEVELOPING NATIONS' PORTS: UN, WCO FIND LOW-TECH, LOW-COST RISK ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES CAN NET RESULTS. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Developing countries KW - Marine terminals KW - Security UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604204 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951017 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - GILLIS, CHRIS AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - WCO REVIEWS CONTAINER CONVENTION: SECURITY ELEMENTS CONSIDERED IN GUIDELINES FOR BOXES CROSSING NATIONAL BOUNDARY. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Containerization KW - Customs administration KW - Freight transportation KW - Security UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604219 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951019 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - PEACE AT LAST FOR TACA, EC?: AFTER A DECADE OF BATTLING, TWO SIDES AGREE ON RANGE OF PERMISSIBLE ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE CONFERENCE. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Europe KW - European Commission KW - European Union KW - Freight transportation KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604221 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00950997 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - KULISCH, ERIC AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - CROSS-BORDER OBSTACLE COURSE: A JOURNEY THROUGH LAREDO'S UNIQUE CARGO ENVIRONMENT. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Customs administration KW - Freight transportation KW - Laredo (Texas) KW - Mexico KW - Trucking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604199 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951004 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - KULISCH, ERIC AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - OPEN FOR BUSINESS: NEW DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, AN INTEGRATION OF 22 SEPARATE U.S. AGENCIES, TAKES FIRST STEPS. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604206 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951015 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - FORECAST 2003: AMERICAN SHIPPER'S STAFF OFFERS GLIMPSE OF WHAT TO EXPECT IN THE COMING MONTHS.. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Forecasting KW - Shipping KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604217 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951022 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - GILLIS, CHRIS AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - BANANA SHIPPERS TESTED BY 24-HOUR RULE: PERISHABLE GIANTS SAY SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IS INTEGRATED END TO END. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Bananas KW - Customs administration KW - Transportation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604224 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00950993 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - KULISCH, ERIC AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - TOO MANY TRUCKS, NOT ENOUGH TIME: PRESSURE BUILDS ON U.S. MARINE TERMINALS TO EASE CONGESTION AT GATES. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Management KW - Marine terminals KW - Traffic congestion KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604195 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00950994 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - MOTTLEY, ROBERT AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - PORTS ABSORB SECURITY COSTS... FOR NOW: U.S. FEDERAL GRANTS COVER ONLY A MINORITY OF EXTRA SECURITY-RELATED COSTS. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Costs KW - Marine terminals KW - Security KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604196 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951008 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - PACIFIC SHIP CAPACITY GOES SEASONAL: FOR THE SECOND YEAR, MAJOR TRANSPACIFIC CARRIERS HAVE CUT VESSEL CAPACITY FOR THE SLACK SEASON. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Containerization KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604210 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951011 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - GILLIS, CHRIS AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - IMPORTERS REACH FOR ACE: U.S. CUSTOMS MAKES AVAILABLE TO 40 COMPANIES THE FIRST DELIVERABLES OF FUTURE SYSTEM. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Customs administration KW - Shipping KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604213 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951012 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - GILLIS, CHRIS AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - SCHUBERT GIVES MARAD NEEDED BOOST: MARITIME ADMINISTRATOR STIMULATES U.S.-FLAG FLEET GROWTH ONE PIECE AT A TIME. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604214 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951005 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - GILLIS, CHRIS AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - FIRST HURDLE CLEARED ON 24-HOUR RULE: U.S. CUSTOMS, INDUSTRY COMPLY WITH NEW MANIFEST REQUIREMENTS. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Customs administration KW - Freight transportation KW - Shipping KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604207 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951007 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - GILLIS, CHRIS AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - CSI CHANGES INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMS LANDSCAPE: U.S. CUSTOMS OFFICIALS WORK WITH OVERSEAS COUNTERPARTS IN ANTITERRORISM MISSION. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Customs administration KW - Prevention KW - Shipping KW - Terrorism KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604209 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951014 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - GILLIS, CHRIS AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - RUSSIAN CUSTOMS CATCHES TECHNOLOGY WAVE: AGENCY'S FIRST DEPUTY CHAIRMAN LOZBENKO: "WE ARE MOVING IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION.". PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Customs administration KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604216 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951016 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - GILLIS, CHRIS AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - CARRIERS: 'NO DOCUMENT, NO LOAD': INTRODUCE NEW "DOCUMENTATION CUT- OFF" TIMES FOR SHIPMENTS INTO THE U.S.. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Customs administration KW - Freight transportation KW - Security KW - Shipping KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604218 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951001 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - GILLIS, CHRIS AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - WHAT EXACTLY IS A U.S.-FLAG BULK SHIP?: MARAD'S GOAL TO CLARIFY VESSEL TYPES FOR FOOD-AID CAUSES EXIT FOR TANKERS. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Shipping KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604203 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951003 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - MOTTLEY, ROBERT AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - SECURITY FROM THE SIDELINES: BONNI TISCHLER, RETIRED U.S. CUSTOMS VETERAN, DISCUSSES EVOLVING SECURITY ISSUES. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Customs administration KW - Security KW - Shipping KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604205 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951018 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - GILLIS, CHRIS AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - NVOS: MANIFEST OR PERISH: THIRD-PARTY SYSTEMS AVAILABLE TO CONSOLIDATORS, BUT THEY'RE ON THEIR OWN WITH DATA MANAGEMENT. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Customs administration KW - Freight transportation KW - Security KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604220 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951020 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - MOTTLEY, ROBERT AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - NOTHING VENTURED, NOTHING LOST: PRIVATE EQUITY FIRMS TAKE MORE TIME TO ASSESS SUITORS. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Finance KW - Shipping KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604222 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00950992 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - MOTTLEY, ROBERT AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - BIG PORT GROUPS, BIG VOLUMES: CONSOLIDATION CONTINUES AMONG TERMINAL OPERATORS, BUT ROLE OF GOVERNMENT REMAINS STRONG IN U.S. PORTS. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Management KW - Marine terminals KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604194 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00950995 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - EC SETS ANTITRUST REVIEW TIMETABLE: EUROPEAN COMMISSION'S COMPETITION DIRECTORATE PLANS TO SUBMIT PROPOSAL TO EU GOVERNMENT IN 2004. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Antitrust laws KW - Competition KW - Europe KW - European Commission KW - European Union KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604197 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951009 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - MOTTLEY, ROBERT AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - THE QUOTABLE PETER ROSE: EXPEDITORS INTERNATIONAL'S OUTSPOKEN CHIEF THINKS AHEAD OF HIS QUIPS. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Logistics KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604211 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951010 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - CULTIVATING LOGISTICS IN CHINA: OOCL LOGISTICS EMBARKS ON PLAN TO EXPAND ITS LOGISTICS SERVICE CAPABILITIES, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON CHINA. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - China KW - Logistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604212 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00950999 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - GILLIS, CHRIS AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - ROCKY MARRIAGE: THE 30-YEAR-OLD NVO AND LINER CARRIER RELATIONSHIP ENDURES. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Freight transportation KW - Shipping KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604201 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951006 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - WHO OWNS THAT SHIP?: OECD GOVERNMENTS WORRY THAT TERRORISTS COULD TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE OPACITY THAT SURROUNDS THE OWNERSHIP OF VESSELS. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Motor vehicles KW - Registration KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604208 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00951013 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - Raven, John AU - DEUTSCHE POST WORLD NET. AU - United States Dept. of Homeland Security AU - Maritime Administration AU - ECU-LINE. TI - CUSTOMS AT THE FRONTIER CROSSROADS: WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION AND ITS MANAGEMENT ARE TAKING ON GREATER IMPORTANCE FOR GOVERNMENTS, BUSINESSES. PY - 2003 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Customs administration KW - Logistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/604215 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00961962 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Maritime Administration AU - United States Coast Guard TI - MARITIME TRADE & TRANSPORTATION '02 PY - 2003 SP - 104 p. AB - The Marine Transportation System (MTS) contributes to U.S. economic growth, enhances U.S. global competitiveness, and supports national security objectives. The MTS consists of an extensive network of waterways, ports, and their intermodal connectors, vessels, vehicles, and system users. Each component of this system is dependent on the other for the smooth and efficient flow of waterborne trade, transportation, and U.S. foreign and domestic commerce. The aftermath of September 11 has emphasized even more the importance of the efficiency, safety, and security of the entire U.S. transportation system. This report is a cooperative effort of the members of the Maritime Data Group sponsored by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Members of the group are the Maritime Administration, the U.S. Coast Guard, the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This report is a summary update of the first Maritime Trade and Transportation report released in 2000 and is the result of an ongoing effort by the Maritime Data Group to provide quality, timely, comprehensive, and relevant maritime-related statistics and information to all levels of federal, state, and local government and to private industry. This report provides an update on major trends in maritime trade, transportation, and shipbuilding, and includes special reports on the Saint Lawrence Seaway and on maritime transport and the environment. The data in this report are grouped to reflect U.S. Department of Transportation strategic goals related to mobility, economic growth, safety and environment, and national security. KW - Commercial transportation KW - Domestic KW - Economic growth KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental protection KW - Intermodal facilities KW - International trade KW - Mobility KW - National security KW - Ports KW - Saint Lawrence Seaway KW - Shipbuilding KW - Ships KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation safety KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Water transportation KW - Waterways UR - http://www.bts.gov/products/maritime_trade_and_transportation/2002/pdf/entire.pdf UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/maritime_trade_and_transportation/2002/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01135421 AU - Market Scope, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - Guide to Market Research for Marine Transportation Services PY - 2002/11 SP - 35p AB - This guide contains market research procedures for the determination of market potential (or potential sales) for new or enhanced marine transportation services. The market research procedures contained in the manual may be applied to consumer services or business-to-business services. The difference is the number of potential customers surveyed. For example, a ferry company will conduct research involving a large sample of potential customers for its service, while a lift-boat company with a small number of business customers will conduct interviews with all or most of the firms that can use its service. Market research also provides project managers with customer feedback on a proposed service at a time when changes that enhance market potential can still be made. That is, market research is the critical first step in developing a new service. KW - Customer service KW - Ferry service KW - Guidelines KW - Market research KW - Procedures KW - Research KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/documents/Guide_Market_Research_Marine_Transportation_svcs.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/891770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00934060 AU - Maritime Administration TI - INTERMODAL ACCESS TO US PORTS. REPORT ON SURVEY FINDINGS PY - 2002/08 SP - 41 p. AB - The U.S. Marine Transportation System relies on the effective integration of freight modes -- water, truck and rail -- for the smooth transit of cargo and passengers from vessels through terminals and to and from inland destinations. Without efficient land and waterside access, port and terminal investments cannot be fully realized or used. In recognition of the growing importance of intermodal access, the U.S. Maritime Administration undertook a comprehensive survey of access conditions at U.S. ports. The 2001 Intermodal Access Survey gauged the state of roadway, rail and waterside access conditions at U.S. ports and pinpointed potential actions for the future. Port access conditions were found to be generally acceptable today but may not sustain continued cargo growth and international trade. Findings also show that the condition of key elements of the intermodal access system remains unacceptable, with a significant number of U.S. ports reporting unacceptable conditions including: local roads to access the ports; at-grade rail crossings; rail access issues; channel depth for container ports; the availability of truck-only routes; and the growing importance of traffic information. The survey also revealed the positive results of intermodal access investments. KW - Access KW - Access roads KW - At grade intersections KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Container terminals KW - Freight and passenger traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Future KW - Highway transportation KW - Information dissemination KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Intermodal terminals KW - International trade KW - Investments KW - Local transportation KW - Ports KW - Railroad transportation KW - Surveys KW - Traffic KW - Truck routes KW - U.S. Maritime Administration KW - United States KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/publications/Intermdlaccess_US%20Ports.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12200/12276/Intermdlaccess_US_Ports.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725021 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00943924 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT: A REPORT TO CONGRESS PY - 2002/06 AB - This report presents a summary and description of current research and technology development funds appropriated for each five fiscal years for maritime research initiatives, with separate categories for funds provided to the Coast Guard for marine safety research purposes. A description of cooperative mechanisms that could be used to attract and leverage non-Federal investments in United States maritime research and technology development and application programs, including the potential for the creation of maritime transportation research centers and the benefits of cooperating with existing surface transportation research centers. KW - Financing KW - Investments KW - Maritime safety KW - Research projects KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/644221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00930724 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: A REPORT TO CONGRESS PY - 2002/06 SP - 40 p. AB - The congressionally mandated study reviews transportation research and technology development in the U.S. with special emphasis on the marine transportation systems (MTS). The United States relies on the MTS to maintain its role as a global trading nation. The waterways, ports, intermodal connections, vessels, manufacturing facilities, and information systems that form the core infrastructure of this system face daunting challenges in the coming years to keep up with the anticipated doubling and tripling of demand and the need for increased security. KW - Demand KW - Information systems KW - Intermodal services KW - Marine transit KW - Ports KW - Security KW - Vessel operations KW - Waterways UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19600/19659/PB2002108636.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00930081 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT: A REPORT TO CONGRESS PY - 2002/06 SP - 24 p. AB - This report reviews U.S. transportation research and technology development with special emphasis on the marine transportation system. The report notes that more maritime research and development is needed to improve the ability to move goods, commodities and people. The report highlights that funding for maritime research and development is far less than similar funding for other modes of transportation. In addition, funding designated for the development of maritime infrastructure, which would improve cargo flow capacity, safety, and security, is far less than funding for other marine resources, like environmental protection. The report notes that although government and industry committees under the Department of Transportation's Marine Transportation System initiative are developing research needs in a collaborative fashion, a national plan, with priorities and funding mechanisms, must be developed and coordinated soon to marshal resources to build a strong and versatile Marine Transportation System. This is particularly significant since marine infrastructure takes decades to develop and the current flow of goods is expected to double or triple by 2020, overflowing the capacity of an already strained system. Finally, the report recommends implementation of research and development initiatives through cost-sharing among the federal and state governments and private industry. KW - Cargo handling KW - Development KW - Environmental protection KW - Financing KW - Flow KW - Infrastructure KW - Maritime industry KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/publications/R&D_%20Report_%2061202.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719465 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00930636 AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPILATION OF MARITIME LAWS. THE MERCHANT MARINE ACT, 1936, THE MARITIME SECURITY ACTS OF 1996, THE SHIPPING ACT OF 1984, AND RELATED ACTS (AS AMENDED THROUGH THE FIRST SESSION OF THE 107TH CONGRESS) PY - 2002/01 SP - 544 p. AB - It is necessary for the national defense and development of its foreign and domestic commerce that the United States shall have a merchant marine: sufficient to carry its domestic water borne commerce and a substantial portion of the water borne export and import of foreign commerce of the United States and to provide shipping service essential to maintaining the flow of such domestic and foreign water borne commerce at all times; capable of serving as a naval and military auxiliary in time of war or national emergency; owned and operated under the United States flat by citizen of the United States insofar as may be practicable; composed of the best equipped, safest, and most suitable types of vessels, constructed in the United States and manned with a trained and efficient citizen personnel; and supplemented by efficient facilities for ship building and ship repair. KW - Emergency transportation KW - Exports KW - Imports KW - Laws and legislation KW - Marine transit KW - Military transportation KW - Security KW - Water transportation KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719616 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00927330 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PUBLIC PORT FINANCING IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 2002 AB - The past decade has wittnessed global changes such as internationalization of the economies, development of regional trading blocks, vessel sharing agreements among carriers, changing trade routes and new environmental legislation. This study assesses the new and emerging financial, technological and environmental milieu under which ports operate. This report will be available at a time most needed, and will provide the required information for: decision making bodies and government regulatory agencies, legislators, voter constituencies, and the general public, the port users and the port industry. KW - Financial responsibility KW - Port authorities KW - Port operations KW - Public participation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719799 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00912298 JO - Maritime Executive PB - The Maritime Executive Corp. AU - Maritime Administration TI - INTERVIEW WITH SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION NORMAN MINETA.. PY - 2002 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Marine terminals KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Shipping KW - Terrorism KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/589403 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00912299 JO - Maritime Executive PB - The Maritime Executive Corp. AU - Maritime Administration TI - INTERVIEW WITH CAPTAIN WILLIAM SCHUBERT, ADMINISTRATOR OF THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION (MARAD).. PY - 2002 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Marine terminals KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Shipping KW - Terrorism KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/589404 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00912297 JO - Maritime Executive PB - The Maritime Executive Corp. AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME SECURITY, HOMELAND DEFENSE.. PY - 2002 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Marine terminals KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Shipping KW - Terrorism KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/589402 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01109094 AU - Maritime Administration TI - United States Port Development Expenditure Report PY - 2001/12 SP - 26p AB - This report is the eleventh in a series of reports that continues the capital expenditure survey first begun by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in 1956. Subsequent reports were published by the American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) and currently by the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD). This report analyzes the results of the AAPA capital expenditure survey for 2000. The survey included the capital expenditures for 2000 and proposed expenditures for the period 2001 through 2005 along with the funding sources used to finance these expenditures. The survey data were obtained by AAPA from its corporate membership. KW - Capital expenditures KW - Development KW - Financing KW - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey KW - Ports KW - Surveys KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7400/7420/Exp2000rpt.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/865779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00818821 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME SECURITY REPORT: COCAINE SMUGGLING FROM SOUTH AMERICA TO EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES INCREASED IN 2000 VIA COMMERCIAL MARITIME AND OTHER MODES OF TRANSPORT PY - 2001/09 SP - 26 p. AB - An increase in the detected and estimated transatlantic flow of cocaine smuggled from South America to the United States and Europe in 2000 has been reported by the U.S. Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). According to the ONDCP "Annual Assessment of Cocaine Movement - 2000" (AACM), some 515 metric tons are estimated to have potentially arrived in the United States, by various modes of transportation, substantially more than the 382 metric tons recorded in 1999. The tonnage of cocaine detected departing South America in direct transit to Europe, increased by 39% during 2000 to 104 metric tons. Nearly all of this cocaine flow occurred in commercial maritime vessels destined primarily for the Iberian Peninsula, the primary gateway for Europe-bound cocaine shipments. The AACM estimates that because of the difficulty in detecting commercial maritime shipments of cocaine, especially in containerized cargo, actual cocaine flow to Europe could be as great as 200 metric tons. KW - Cocaine KW - Containerization KW - Europe KW - Maritime industry KW - Security KW - Smuggling KW - South America KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - United States UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/Publications/SecurityReports/pdf/MSP_09_01.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11400/11439/MSP_09_01.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/691437 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00964203 AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - 2001 MARINER SURVEY - PRINCIPAL FINDINGS PY - 2001/08 SP - 8 p. AB - The 2001 Mariner Survey was a concentrated effort to get feedback on key readiness issues using a sample of 10,000 merchant mariners from a population of approximately 104,000 qualified to serve on large ocean-going vessels. One hundred and forty-six mariners were deceased or otherwise unreachable, leaving an eligible sample of 9,854. Of the eligible sample, 4,046 completed surveys for an overall response rate of 41%. However, of the 5,808 that did not respond, 1,499 surveys were returned as undeliverable despite crosschecking with all available address sources. Of those who completed a survey, findings show that the majority of mariners: were serving in an afloat job during calendar year 2000 (68%), have served in a deep-sea position on a U.S. Flag vessel (62%), and would be willing to take an afloat position in the event of a National Defense Emergency (66%). The majority (73%) of those mariners who would be willing to take an afloat position during an emergency reported they would be willing to serve a minimum of 90 days. Those mariners who indicated that they could not serve during an emergency were most likely to select their current employment (37%) or their family situation (26%) as the reason that would prevent them from serving. About half (49%) of all mariners reported that reemployment rights could make them more likely to be able to serve in a national emergency. At the time of the survey, 45% of Unlimited License Holders and 29% of Other Mariners reported that they held an International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping 1995 (STCW-95) certificate. Of those who did not hold the STCW-95, 40% of Unlimited License Holders and 30% of Other Mariners reported that they planned to meet the STCW-95 requirements. KW - Attitudes KW - Certification KW - Emergencies KW - Merchant marine KW - Merchant seamen KW - National defense KW - Readiness to serve (Military personnel) KW - Ships KW - Surveys KW - Training KW - Watchkeeping KW - Willingness to serve (Military personnel) UR - http://www.bts.gov/omnibus/targeted/mariner_survey/principal_findings/2001/pdf/entire.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/35000/35500/35559/2001_mariner.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/661366 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808630 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PUBLIC PORT FINANCE SURVEY FOR FY 1999 PY - 2001/01 SP - 39 p. AB - This report contains primarily financial data on maritime activities at U.S. and Canadian ports, including the income statement, balance sheet, outstanding bonds, debt service, sales offices, and cargo tonnage. Two additional sections cover (1) data on contributions, donations, and grants received in FY 1999, and (2) ratio analyses. Sixty-five ports contributed to this report. KW - Bonds KW - Canada KW - Debt KW - Financial data KW - Grant aid KW - Income KW - Maritime activities KW - Operating revenues KW - Ports KW - Sales KW - Tonnage KW - United States UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/publications/PDF/Public%20Port%20Finance%20Survey1%20for%20FY%201999.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7400/7422/Public_Port_Finance_Survey1_for_FY_1999.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673414 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00819623 AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPILATION OF MARITIME LAWS PY - 2001 SP - n.p. AB - This is the sixth edition of "Compilation of Maritime Laws", setting forth certain maritime laws through the 2nd Session of the 106th Congress. The table of contents lists the following: Merchant Marine Act, 1936; Maritime Administration Funding; Vessel Operations Revolving Fund; Maritime Liability; Merchant Ship Sales Act, 1946; National Defense Reserve Fleet/Ready Reserve Force; Artificial Reef Program; Vessel Scrapping; Merchant Marine Act, 1920; Merchant Marine Act, 1928; Cabotage; Administrative Process for Jones Act Waivers; Cargo Reservation; Military Programs; United States Commercial Shipyards; National Maritime Enhancement Institute; Maritime Research and Technology Development; Shipping Act of 1984; Shipping Act, 1916; Foreign Shipping Practices Act; Title 49, Subtitle IV - Interstate Water Carrier Transportation; Gambling; Miscellaneous; Passenger/Cruise Vessels; Admiralty/Maritime Jurisdiction; Public Vessels Act; Emergency Foreign Vessels Acquisition Act; National Emergencies Act; Defense Production Act; Civil Procedures; American Great Lakes Vessels; Documentation of Vessels; Manning of Vessels; Cross-Border Financing; Double Hull Tankers; American Fisheries Act; Vessels Employed in Coasting Trade for Fisheries and Appendix - Laws of 106th Congress, Second Session. KW - Administrative procedures KW - Admiralty jurisdiction KW - Border regions KW - Cabotage KW - Cargo ships KW - Commercial transportation KW - Cruise ships KW - Defense KW - Development KW - Emergencies KW - Financing KW - Foreign KW - Foreign flag ships KW - Gambling KW - Interstate transportation KW - Liability KW - Maritime law KW - Merchant marine KW - Military vessels KW - National defense KW - Reefs KW - Research KW - Sales KW - Scrap KW - Shipping KW - Ships KW - Shipyards KW - U.S. Maritime Administration KW - Vessel operations UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/publications/PDF/Comp_Laws/compilation_of_maritime_laws_.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/691931 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818774 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - WALKER, R AU - Hollingsworth, R AU - Pentimonti, E AU - Spinosa, J AU - Belzer, M AU - Helmick, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LABOR AND TECHNOLOGY SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 173-185 AB - This conference panel session focuses on labor and technology in the U.S. transportation industry as it relates to global intermodal freight in the 21st century. R. Walker provides an overview. R. Hollingsworth questions whether the infrastructure in southern California can handle increased growth in traffic through the ports without adopting new technology and new processes, noting there are two kinds of infrastructure: physical infrastructure and people-process infrastructure. E. Pentimonti emphasizes the need for increased productivity and the importance of implementing technology as a way to increase productivity and take advantage of the investments made in the industry. J. Spinosa stresses the need to ensure there are jobs for labor and that labor is given an opportunity to be part of the solution instead of labeled as the cause of a problem. M. Belzer focuses on a number of issues facing the trucking industry, most notably the operating conditions and wages, as well as shortages and high turnover among drivers. J. Helmick comments on workforce needs assessments, workforce recruitment, and alternative education-training approaches. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Education and training KW - Freight transportation KW - Implementation KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Labor KW - Labor force KW - Labor productivity KW - Needs assessment KW - Recruiting KW - Shortages KW - Southern California KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology KW - Truck drivers KW - Trucking KW - Turnover KW - Wages UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694897 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818776 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Nievez, J AU - Nowicki, P AU - Cameron, D AU - Prince, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROGRESS SINCE THE 1994 COMMISSION REPORT: PRIVATE SECTOR ASSESSMENTS SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 194-198 AB - The conference closed with a town hall panel, with each speaker representing a particular stakeholder perspective on freight intermodalism. Presented here are the private sector assessments. J. Nievez presents the trucking perspective. P. Nowicki presents the railroad perspective. D. Cameron presents the shipper perspective. T. Prince presents the information technology perspective. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Information technology KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroads KW - Shippers KW - Stakeholders KW - Trucking UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694899 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818775 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Krebs, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERMODALISM: THE NEXT LEVEL SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 186-193 AB - In this conference address, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway recalls the work of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation, which he chaired, and comments on the proposed Burlington Northern Santa Fe/Canadian National merger. He notes that intermodalism, by its very nature, is very complex. On the freight side, market mechanisms best drive intermodalism by heading users of transportation in the directions of the mode that would be most efficient for that particular part of the transportation move. He also notes there is a strong bias in the freight sector to let those market mechanisms work and not have the public policy or public regulations interfere with the market. There is a need to promote intermodalism, to educate and inform the public sector, and to showcase private sector development of intermodal freight systems. He acknowledges there will always be intense and often heated discussions about how various modes will be funded and about the safety of the various modes and the role that safety plays in intermodalism. He also notes the various institutional barriers that get in the way of a true intermodal product that provides the highest and best service for the most efficient cost. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Financing KW - Freight transportation KW - Institutional issues KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Markets KW - Promotion KW - Public policy KW - Publicity KW - Safety UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694898 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818777 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Canby, A AU - Kornegay, H T AU - Rawling, F G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROGRESS SINCE THE 1994 COMMISSION REPORT: NONFEDERAL PUBLIC AGENCY ASSESSMENTS SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 199-202 AB - The conference closed with a town hall panel, with each speaker representing a particular stakeholder perspective on freight intermodalism. Presented here are the nonfederal public agency assessments. A. Canby presents the perspective of the state department of transportation. H.T. Kornegay presents the port perspective. F.G. Rawling presents the perspective of the metropolitan planning organization. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Port authorities KW - Stakeholders KW - State departments of transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694900 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818768 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lebedev, G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PREPARING FOR CHANGE SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 117-122 AB - In this conference presentation, the Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce addresses the question: Are we in the transportation community ready for the changes the 21st century will bring? He discusses what these changes might be and what effect they might have on transportation. He begins with demographic changes then looks at changes in information technology and other technology areas. He introduces five potentially culture-changing possibilities. In conclusion, he comments on the political environment in which we live and work. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - 21st century KW - Conferences KW - Demographics KW - Freight transportation KW - Information technology KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Political factors KW - Technological innovations UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694891 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818769 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Prince, T AU - Allen, J AU - Maring, G AU - Wavering, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 123-131 AB - This conference panel session focuses on emerging technologies in the areas of equipment identification, electronic commerce, equipment monitoring and transfer information systems, data systems (both commercial and military), and the military's global transportation network. T. Prince provides an overview. J. Allen discusses freight identification technologies, focusing on describing some business situations in which device technology specifically can be applied as well as the rationale behind it. G. Maring discusses intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications to intermodal freight. K. Wavering describes the global transportation network, which provides in-transit visibility to the defense transportation system for both war-time and peace-time efforts. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Electronic commerce KW - Electronic data interchange KW - Freight transportation KW - Identification systems KW - In-transit visibility KW - Information technology KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Monitoring KW - Transportation networks UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694892 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818772 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Knatz, G AU - Hendrix, A AU - Cutshall, C AU - Wakeman, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 151-160 AB - This conference panel session focuses on environmental issues, in particular what the transportation industry may face in the future. G. Knatz provides an overview. A. Hendrix highlights three major issues: air emissions from all modes and the impact on air quality; the need for technologies to reduce noise, particularly from trucks, rail, and at the localized level from airplanes; and water-quality controls. C. Cutshall focuses on what has become a hodgepodge of laws and regulations associated with the permitting process that confronts transportation projects. T. Wakeman discusses the challenges faced by the port community in getting approval for and undertaking dredging projects. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Air quality KW - Conferences KW - Dredging KW - Environmental impacts KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Laws KW - Noise KW - Permits KW - Regulations KW - Water quality UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694895 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818773 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Emmett, E AU - Avery, B AU - Burrack, T AU - Wetsel, L AU - Cameron, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SERVICE RELIABILITY AND OPERATIONS SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 161-169 AB - This conference panel session focuses on the importance of intermodal service reliability. E. Emmett served as moderator. B. Avery notes that getting trains out on time is the key and that not leaving on time has a ripple effect on the other components of the intermodal move. T. Burrack discusses modal service reliability from the perspective of bulk shipping and dependence on the river system for efficient and cost-effective transportation service. L. Wetsel discusses the challenges facing the nation's rail industry, specifically the need to increase service performance, which will be achieved only with massive reinvestments in plant and equipment. D. Cameron offers remarks from the perspective of a logistics manager, whose very survival depends on on-time delivery and service reliability; he reiterates the point that transportation infrastructure affects competitiveness. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Competition KW - Conferences KW - Freight service KW - Freight transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Inland water transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Logistics KW - On time performance KW - Railroads KW - Reliability UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694896 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818770 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Smith, D AU - Ulrich, B AU - Gurskis, J AU - Hart, R AU - Coates, J D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FINANCING INTERMODAL DEVELOPMENT: INTERNATIONAL SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 132-140 AB - This conference panel session focuses on how to finance international intermodal development and projects and on the challenges of implementing intermodalism in a new climate of public and private investment financing. D. Smith provides an overview. B. Ulrich presents a case study on the Global Environmental Fund's railroad projects in Brazil and Argentina. J. Gurskis discusses a logistics infrastructure development project in Brazil involving rail port and highway infrastructure. R. Hart discusses the public-private financing partnership for Brazil's North-South Railway. J.D. Coates examines intermodal developments in Asia and how the projects are financed. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Argentina KW - Asia KW - Brazil KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Financing KW - Freight transportation KW - Highways KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Logistics KW - Ports KW - Public private partnerships KW - Railroads UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694893 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818771 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Puccia, P AU - Groseclose, B AU - Mayer, J AU - Beaulieu, P AU - Holt, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FINANCING INTERMODAL DEVELOPMENT: DOMESTIC SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 141-150 AB - This conference panel session focuses on financing domestic intermodal development projects. P. Puccia served as moderator. B. Groseclose discusses the financing of a new port terminal in Charleston, South Carolina. J. Mayer discusses the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (TIFIA), which provides loans, lines of credit, and loan guarantees to enable mega-projects. P. Beaulieu talks about a "family of partnerships" that have developed in the Puget Sound region, bringing together all the relevant players to do what is needed to improve freight movement. J. Holt focuses on the multiple funding challenges faced by intermodal projects. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Charleston (South Carolina) KW - Conferences KW - Financing KW - Freight transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Marine terminals KW - Partnerships KW - Puget Sound Region KW - Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694894 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818760 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Casey, J AU - Emmett, E AU - Rhein, T AU - Branscum, S AU - Stefflre, G AU - Hertwig, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION REPORT CARD: PRIVATE SECTOR PERSPECTIVE SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 29-39 AB - The private sector perspective on the intermodal freight transportation report card is examined in these presentations. Progress and challenges are addressed from the perspectives of the shipper, the ocean carrier, railroads, motor carriers, and intermodal system planning. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal system planning KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Motor carriers KW - Ocean carriers KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroads KW - Shippers UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694883 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818767 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Weber, F AU - Kinghorn, J A AU - Caponiti, J AU - Ledden, J M AU - Lucas, W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENSE SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 105-116 AB - This conference panel session focuses on national security and defense. It reviews lessons learned and demands on the intermodal system as military commercial partnering for intermodal freight movements increases. F. Weber provides an overview. J.A. Kinghorn discusses critical infrastructure protection and what our needs are in this area. J. Caponiti focuses on the Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement program (VISA program). J.M. Ledden discusses the history and future of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) of the U.S. Air Mobility Command. W. Lucas reviews Military Traffic Management Command (MTMC) security programs. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Civil Reserve Air Fleet KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Military shipments KW - Military Traffic Management Command KW - National defense KW - National security KW - Public private partnerships KW - Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement Program UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694890 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818757 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - GLOBAL INTERMODAL FREIGHT: STATE OF READINESS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY. REPORT OF A CONFERENCE, FEBRUARY 23-26, 2000, LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - 255 p. AB - Following the model of previous Transportation Research Board (TRB) intermodal conferences, this conference provided a forum for discussion and information-sharing on the issues and developments affecting intermodal freight transportation planning and operations. The conference brought together more than 200 leaders and experts in intermodal freight transportation from the private sector, all levels of government, and the military. The goal was to take a collective look at how far the nation has come and at what remains to be done toward realizing the vision set forth in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). The discussions and findings from this conference provide useful input to the framers of the next surface transportation reauthorization scheduled for 2004. Included in the proceedings are conference presentations and the following appendices: (A) Intermodal Freight Transportation Report Card; (B) Summary of U.S. Department of Transportation Actions on Recommendations of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation; (C) Conference Exhibits and Posters; and (D) List of Conference Participants. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Governments KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Military organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - State of the art reports KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694880 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818759 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Van Beek, S AU - Wykle, K AU - Lucas, W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION REPORT CARD: PUBLIC AGENCY PERSPECTIVE SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 22-28 AB - An intermodal freight transportation report card provides a very valuable tool for examining how well we have done. These conference presentations address this subject from the perspectives of the U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration and the U.S. Department of Defense. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - U.S. Department of Defense KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694882 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818761 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Morehouse, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - VISION FOR THE FUTURE SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 40-47 AB - In this conference presentation, the author shares his views of why the 21st century is going to be dramatically different and presents a significant challenge to the conference participants: "I challenge the intermodal industry to quit saying they are out of capacity and need more infrastructure. Maybe you do--but I think [that view] is based on 20th century thinking, not 21st century thinking. Take the 21st century, look forward, and then tell what infrastructure you really need. Think about breaking down the barriers between the modes and then tell me what infrastructure you really need. Think about 24/7 operations everyplace, everywhere, all the time, and then tell me what infrastructure you need. If you have a problem with the unions, face the problem head-on." U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Future KW - Intermodal transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694884 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818763 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Oakley, J AU - Huerta, M AU - Ellis, J AU - Ritchey, B AU - JAMES, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INSTITUTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS: CASE STUDIES SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 57-69 AB - This conference panel session focuses on institutional relationships in intermodal transportation. The panelists present their stories of successful collaboration between the public and private sectors and share their experiences in overcoming institutional logjams and leveraging public and private energy and resources to identify and eliminate bottlenecks in an effort to gain greater capacity from the existing transportation system. J. Oakley provides an overview. M. Huerta discusses the federal government role. J. Ellis discusses transportation economic partnerships. B. Ritchey describes the Greater Columbus Inland Port, what it is and its mission. R. James elaborates on New Jersey's Portway Project. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Economic policy KW - Federal government KW - Freight transportation KW - Greater Columbus Inland Port (Columbus, Ohio) KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Ports KW - Portway Project (New Jersey) KW - Public private partnerships UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694886 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818758 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Van Beek, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INNOVATION AND COLLABORATION SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 17-21 AB - In this keynote address, the Associate Deputy Secretary of Transportation and Director of the Office of Intermodalism addresses the following questions: What was the promise of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) when it was passed? How well have we done since the passage of ISTEA? How has the intermodal world changed? What do those changes mean for the future of both intermodalism and transportation in general? U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Cooperation KW - Freight transportation KW - Innovation KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694881 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818765 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Yoshitani, T AU - Browning, J AU - Morton, C AU - Kopicki, R AU - Winter, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLICATIONS OF TRADE POLICY FOR GLOBAL INTERMODAL DEVELOPMENT SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 84-93 AB - This conference panel session focuses on issues relating to trade policy, the increasing globalization of markets, and the economic interdependence resulting from multinational business activities and worldwide and multimodal transportation systems. T. Yoshitani provides an overview. J. Browning focuses on international trade organizations and how they facilitate intermodal transportation, with primary emphasis on the World Trade Organization, what is taking place in the European Union and the European Commission, and what is happening in the Asia-Pacific region. C. Morton focuses on the relationship between trade policy per se--the actual negotiations--and how that interrelates to the development of intermodal networks and either stymies or facilitates the development of intermodal networks. R. Kopicki discusses international intermodal development and the role of the World Bank. J. Winter discusses the impact of trade globalization on regional economies, using as an example the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - European Commission KW - European Union KW - Freight transportation KW - Globalization KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International trade KW - Networks KW - Policy KW - Port of Long Beach KW - Port of Los Angeles KW - Regional economics KW - Trade KW - World Bank KW - World Trade Organization UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694888 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818766 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Green, B AU - Holliday, B AU - High, J AU - White, C AU - Johnson, C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INFRASTRUCTURE CAPACITY AND CONNECTIVITY: FEDERAL PERSPECTIVES SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 94-104 AB - This conference panel session focuses on infrastructure capacity and connectivity from the federal perspective. B. Green provides an overview. B. Holliday discusses the current status of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) navigation program; how the USACE links with the Marine Transportation System (MTS); and future challenges. J. High discusses the MTS, focusing on capacity, information technology, financing, and infrastructure. C. White, Jr., focuses on rail capacity and infrastructure, with comments on the significance of the recent merger of Canadian National and Burlington Northern railroads. C. Johnson focuses on intermodal connectors and border infrastructure. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Capacity KW - Conferences KW - Connectivity KW - Financing KW - Freight transportation KW - Future KW - Information technology KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International borders KW - Mergers KW - Navigation KW - Railroads KW - Shipping KW - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694889 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818762 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Brown, D G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERMODALISM AND THE U.S. MILITARY SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 48-54 AB - The message of this conference presentation is that, although intermodalism is not new to the U.S. military, the military has now reached the point where it is essential that they integrate intermodal transportation systems into the way that they do business. The military is undergoing a critical transformation in the way military operations are conducted, and this transformation cannot occur without a fundamental revolution in the way the military performs logistics. In effect, increasing intermodalism is a major key to achieving what many refer to as the revolution in military logistics. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Logistics KW - Military transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694885 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00818764 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - North, R AU - Spear, A AU - Flynn, S AU - McGowan, J AU - Black, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CARGO CLEARANCE, SECURITY, AND SAFETY SN - 0309072085 PY - 2001 IS - 25 SP - p. 70-83 AB - This conference panel session focuses on issues such as border and port of entry clearance, international equipment and safety standards, efficient transfer of goods, cargo theft and liability, cargo crime, and security issues. R. North provides an overview. A. Spear addresses the topic of cargo crimes investigation. S. Flynn discusses incorporating security into the global system for intermodal freight movements. J. McGowan describes the activities of the Interagency Commission on Crime and Security at U.S. Seaports. J. Black discusses the formation and guidelines of TAPA, the Technolocy Asset Protection Association, which is composed of the security directors of the top 60 high-tech companies in the United States. U1 - Global Intermodal Freight: State of Readiness for the 21st CenturyTransportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.Long Beach, California StartDate:20000223 EndDate:20000226 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; and U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Intermodalism, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Cargo clearance KW - Cargo transfer KW - Conferences KW - Crimes KW - Freight transportation KW - Interagency Commission on Crime & Security at U.S. Seaports KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Liability KW - Safety and security KW - Technology Asset Protection Association KW - Theft UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/security/cp25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/694887 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00909535 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - MOTTLEY, ROBERT AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE GENTLEMAN FROM MAXTON: A TRUCKER AT HEART, MALCOM MCLEAN'S CONTAINERIZATION OF CARGO REVOLUTIONIZED THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY. PY - 2001 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Containerization KW - History UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/587678 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00909018 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - DAMAS, PHILIP AU - Maritime Administration TI - HOW MUCH BIGGER WILL BOXSHIPS GET?: CONTRACTS FOR 9,000-TEU SHIPS ARE UNDER MEGOTIATION. PY - 2001 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Containerships KW - Design KW - Size UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/587499 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00909017 JO - American Shipper PB - Howard Publications, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARAD BATTLE SHIFTS TO CONGRESS: BUSH ADMINISTRATION'S DECISION TO TRANSFER MSP FUNDING TO DEFENSE COULD SPUR CONGRESSIONAL BATTLE.. PY - 2001 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Shipping KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/587498 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808631 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT OF THE INTERAGENCY COMMISSION ON CRIME AND SECURITY IN U.S. SEAPORTS PY - 2000/08 SP - 268 p. AB - This report, prepared in accordance with the President's memorandum of April 27, 1999, identifies threats to seaports and recommends a number of measures aimed at reducing the vulnerability of maritime commerce and the infrastructure that supports it. The report is organized in nine chapters and six appendices. Chapter 1 provides an introduction. Chapter 2 addresses the nature of seaports, the various entities operating in a seaport, and the roles of all levels of government. Chapter 3 addresses the nature and extent of crime in seaports. Chapter 4 addresses the terrorist threats. Chapter 5 assesses security in seaports and the federal process of examining imported and exported international cargo, passengers, and crewmembers at the seaports. Chapter 6 addresses coordination and cooperation of the diverse levels of government and industry players on the wide array of issues identified in Chapters 3, 4, and 5. Chapter 7 addresses intelligence and information management issues. Chapter 8 discusses international cooperative efforts and best practices in other countries. Chapter 9 summarizes the findings and details the main comments and conclusions. Recommendations appear at the end of each chapter where they are discussed in conjunction with findings. Appendices provide supporting documentation. KW - Best practices KW - Cargo handling KW - Cooperation KW - Crimes KW - Government agencies KW - Industries KW - Information management KW - International KW - Passenger security KW - Recommendations KW - Seaports KW - Security KW - Ship crews KW - Terrorism KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673415 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103699 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARAD '99 (Annual Report of the Maritime Administration for Fiscal Year Ending on September 30, 1999) PY - 2000/05 SP - 56p AB - The Annual Report of the Maritime Administration (MARAD) for the fiscal year (FY) which ended on September 30, 1999, is submitted to Congress in accordance with Section 208 of the Merchant Act of 1936, as amended. MARAD '96 includes nine chapters on MARAD programs and activities and includes specific reports required by law on acquisition of obsolete vessels in exchange for vessel trade-in, war risk insurance activities, scrapping or removal of obsolete vessels owned by the United States, and U.S.-flag carriage of Government-sponsored cargoes. This reports contains details on these activities and many other Maritime Administration efforts to support the Nation's maritime policy and the goals of the Administration. KW - Annual reports KW - Government agencies KW - Maritime law KW - Maritime safety KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Merchant marine KW - National security KW - Risk analysis KW - Vessel operations KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16900/16968/PB2000106454.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/863433 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103691 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - U.S. Geological Survey TI - Port Damage Assessment: Short-Term Action Report. Honduras: Assessment of Port Infrastructure Damage Caused by Hurricane MITCH, 1998 PY - 2000/04 SP - 64p AB - The U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT), Maritime Administration (MARAD), was authorized to conduct port damage assessments in Honduras and Nicaragua ports damaged by Hurricane Mitch. Honduras and Nicaragua made the original request for technical assistance through the Organization of American States (OAS) in December 1998. Resolutions adopted at the XX Meeting of the Permanent Technical Committee on Ports of the OAS, held in December 1999 in Santiago de Cali, Columbia, authorized MARAD to organize a U.S. multi-agency team to be sent to Honduran and Nicaraguan ports to evaluate port damages. As provided in the OAS mandate, the Republic of Guatemala, in cooperation with MARAD, helped to coordinate this effort. The focus of the assessment is to develop a near-term and long-term port recovery and improvement action plan that will restore high productivity ports to fully operational status. This will help stimulate economic recovery of the affected Central American countries. The multi-agency team has conducted onsite investigations and interviewed appropriate government and private sector stakeholder groups (see stakeholder names in Attachment 1). Included in these groups are Crowley Maritime Transport, Maersk/Sea-Land Services, Chiquita Brands International, Inc., and Dole Food Company, Inc. The team evaluated port operations, and infrastructure. In addition, a comprehensive assessment of both waterside and landside infrastructure was conducted. This assessment included: Navigation channels; Anchorage areas; Turning basins; Berthing areas; Off-loading cargo areas; Marine terminals and warehouses; Port security and safety; Port access roads; Major upland road connectors; Environmental Protection. KW - Flood damage KW - Honduras KW - Hurricanes KW - Infrastructure KW - Loss and damage claims KW - Marine terminals KW - Nicaragua KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Protection against environmental damage UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16900/16957/PB2000106417.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/863336 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00799206 AU - Landsburg, A C AU - Carter, M C AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARITIME TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (MTS) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION CONFERENCE (5TH). HELD IN WASHINGTON, DC, ON NOVEMBER 2-4, 1999 PY - 2000/03 SP - 192 p. AB - This Proceedings records the written and oral deliberations from November 2-4, 1999 conference. The Conference was held as a part of the Marine Transportation System Initiative, a government-industry cooperative venture to coordinate improvements to the U.S. Marine Transportation System (MTS). The MTS consists of waterways, ports and their intermodal connections, vessels, vehicles, and system users. Each component is itself a complex system but is closely linked with the other components. The purpose of the conference was to discuss and assess the research and technology needs for improved MTS management and operation. KW - Coordination KW - Management and organization KW - Marine transit KW - Ports KW - Public private partnerships KW - Research management KW - Technological innovations KW - U.S. Maritime Administration KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/665984 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00793327 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (MTS) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION CONFERENCE, WASHINGTON, D.C., NOVEMBER 2-4, 1999 PY - 2000/03 SP - 112p AB - The proceedings record the written and oral deliberations from the Fifth Marine Transportation System (MTS) Research and Development (R&D) Conference. The conference was held as a part of the Marine Transportation System Initiative, a government-industry cooperative venture to coordinate improvements to the U.S. MTS. The MTS consists of waterways, ports and their intermodal connections, vessels, vehicles, and system users. Each component is itself a complex system but is closely linked with the other components. Stakeholders include national, state, and local governments as well as privately-owned facilities, companies, and associations. The conference features challenge speakers, expert panels, technical sessions, exhibits, and a workshop addressing considerations in designing a National Cooperative MTS Research Program. The proceedings also include the 75 formal topic statements and addresses of participants. The purpose of the conference was to: discuss and assess the research and technology needs for improved MTS management and operation; encourage and facilitate coordination among federal and state agencies, industry, academia, and the maritime community in R&D to improve U.S. marine transportation and the management and operation of U.S. waterways, ports and their intermodal connections; discuss the establishment of a national cooperative research program for the MTS; and discuss the state of the art in technology and techniques for navigating and managing the nation's coastal and inland waterways, ports and intermodal connections. U1 - Marine Transportation System (MTS) Research and Development Coordination ConferenceInteragency Committee on Waterways ManagementWashington, D.C. StartDate:19991102 EndDate:19991104 Sponsors:Interagency Committee on Waterways Management KW - Coasts KW - Conferences KW - Development KW - Improvements KW - Inland waterways KW - Interagency relations KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Management KW - Operations KW - Partnerships KW - Ports KW - Research KW - Ships KW - Stakeholders KW - Technology KW - Water transportation KW - Waterways KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/655639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00799205 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MERCHANT MARINE ACT, 1936, THE MARINE SECURITY ACT OF 1966, THE SHIPPING ACT OF 1984, AND RELATED ACTS (AS AMENDED THROUGH THE FIRST SESSION OF THE 106TH CONGRESS) PY - 2000/01 SP - 504 p. AB - The Maritime administration (Marad) has determined that there is a need for an up to date compilation of maritime laws. In 1995, Marad published the first edition of 'Compilation of Maritime Law' (Compilation). It was well received by various government agencies, the U.S. Congress, and the public, including members of the maritime bar and community. In response to numerous requests, the Compilation has been published annually since then. Interest in the Compilation continues, and this, the fifth edition, sets forth certain maritime laws through the 1st Session of the 106th Congress. KW - Laws and legislation KW - Legislation KW - Marine transit KW - Merchant marine KW - Waterway facility operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/665983 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00908984 AU - LANDSBURG, ALEXANDER C AU - CARTER, MICHAEL C AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (MTS) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION CONFERENCE 5TH R&D COORDINATION CONFERENCE: NOVEMBER 2-4, 1999.. PY - 2000 IS - PB2000-106405 AB - No abstract provided. U1 - Marine Transportation System (MTS) Research and Development Coordination ConferenceInteragency Committee on Waterways ManagementWashington, D.C. StartDate:19991102 EndDate:19991104 Sponsors:Interagency Committee on Waterways Management KW - Containerization KW - Marine engineering KW - Shipments KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/584940 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810633 AU - Maritime Administration TI - UNITED STATES PORT DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES REPORT. DECEMBER 2000 PY - 2000 SP - 32 p. AB - This report is the tenth in a series of reports that continues the capital expenditure survey first begun by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in 1956. Subsequent reports were published by the American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) and currently by the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD). In 1991, MARAD published the United States Port Development Expenditure Report, which summarized the findings of the earlier expenditure surveys. That report provided a 44-year history of the expenditure pattern of the U.S. port industry, 1946-1989. Since that report, MARAD has produced annual reports covering the industry's current and proposed capital expenditures. KW - Capital expenditures KW - Expenditures KW - Port operations KW - Ports UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17700/17717/PB2001103411.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679370 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808677 AU - Pauga, A AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. EXPORTS AND IMPORTS TRANSSHIPPED VIA CANADA AND MEXICO - 1999 PY - 2000 SP - 50 p. AB - This report summarizes U.S. cargo that moved via Canada and Mexico in 1999, compared to 1998. This is the first time that this report includes U.S. cargo transshipped via Mexico. The summary tables and graphics show the transshipped cargo movements in historical perspective, by customs districts, by countries of destination and origin, and by leading Harmonized 4-digit commodity codes. Appendices E-1, E-2, I-1, and I-2 display summaries of transshipped cargo by country within customs districts for Canada and Mexico, respectively. Appendices E-3, E-4, I-3, and I-4 contain leading 4-digit Harmonized commodity movements by U.S. customs district transshipped via Canada and Mexico. Beginning with this report, all estimated cargo transshipments, without any minimum cargo exclusions, are included. Data for 1998 have been restated on the same basis for comparison with 1999 data. However, historical data prior to 1998 have not been adjusted to reflect this change. The difference amounts to approximately a 1.0% increase in value for both exports and imports. A brief description of the methodology used in deriving the transshipped cargo value and estimated weight is included in a section on methodology following the summary tables and charts. In addition to this report, the source data are available upon request from the Maritime Administration in database format in both 4-digit and 6-digit Harmonized Code detail. In 1999 U.S. cargo transshipped via Canada was $26.74 billion and 6,859,085 estimated metric tons. Exports amounted to $8.76 billion and 2,462,569 metric tons. Imports were $17.98 billion and 4,396,516 metric tons. U.S. transshipments via Mexico were $2.73 billion and 262,421 estimated metric tons. Exports were $.095 billion and 32,054 estimated metric tons. Imports were $2.63 billion and 230,357 estimated metric tons. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Canada KW - Exports KW - Imports KW - International trade KW - Mexico KW - Shipments KW - Tonnage KW - United States KW - Waterborne cargo UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/publications/PDF/1999%20final%20report.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/11000/11200/11260/1999_final_report.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673433 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808676 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PUBLIC PORT FINANCE SURVEY FOR FY 1998 PY - 1999/12 AB - This report contains primarily financial data on maritime activities at U.S. and Canadian ports, including the income statement, balance sheet, outstanding bonds, debt service, sales offices, and cargo tonnage. Two additional sections cover (1) data on contributions, donations, and grants received in FY 1997, and (2) ratio analyses. Seventy-four ports contributed to this report. KW - Bonds KW - Canada KW - Debt KW - Financial data KW - Grant aid KW - Income KW - Maritime activities KW - Operating revenues KW - Ports KW - Sales KW - Tonnage KW - United States UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/publications/PDF/Finance%20Survey%20%201999.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673841 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00790515 AU - Maritime Administration TI - UNITED STATES PORT DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE REPORT PY - 1999/11 SP - 32 p. AB - This 1999 report is the ninth in a series of reports that continues the capital expenditure survey first begun by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in 1956. This report analyzes the results of the American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) capital expenditure survey for 1998. The survey includes the capital expenditures for 1998 and proposed expenditures for the period 1999 through 2003 along with the funding sources used to finance these expenditures. This year's survey requested additional information on the nature of the industry's infrastructure expenditures. The survey data were obtained from the corporate membership of AAPA. Appendix A contains a list of the ports that responded to the 1998 survey. KW - Capital expenditures KW - Financing KW - Infrastructure KW - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey KW - Ports KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648257 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00790516 AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPILATION OF MARITIME LAWS PY - 1999/01 SP - 474 p. AB - This is the fourth edition of "Compilation of Maritime Laws", setting forth certain maritime laws through the 2nd Session of the 105th Congress. The table of contents lists the following: Merchant Marine Act, 1936; Vessel Operations Revolving Fund; Maritime Liability; Fast Sealift Program; National Defense Sealift Fund; United States Commercial Shipyards; National Maritime Enhancement Institute; Merchant Ship Sales Act, 1946; National Defense Reserve Fleet/Ready Reserve Force; Vessel Scrapping; Merchant Marine Act, 1920; Merchant Marine Act, 1928; Cabotage; Administrative Process for Jones Act Waivers; Cargo Reservation; Cargo Preference Vessel Restrictions; Shipping Act of 1984; Shipping Act, 1916; Foreign Shipping Practices Act; Title 49 - Interstate Water Carrier Transportation; Public Vessels Act; Emergency Foreign Vessels Acquisition Act; National Emergencies Act; Defense Production Act; Civil Procedures; American Great Lakes Vessels; Documentation of Vessels; Manning of Vessels; Cross-Border Financing; American Fisheries Act; and Appendix - Laws of 105th Congress, Second Session. KW - Cabotage KW - Cargo preference KW - Defense KW - Emergencies KW - Financing KW - Fisheries KW - Foreign KW - Great Lakes KW - Liability KW - Maritime law KW - Merchant marine KW - Production KW - Sales KW - Scrap KW - Ships KW - Shipyards KW - Water carriers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648258 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789096 AU - Department of Transportation AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF THE U.S. MARINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM - A REPORT TO CONGRESS PY - 1999 SP - 124 p. AB - In recognition of the continuing importance of the U.S. Marine Transportation System (MTS), the U.S. Congress, on November 13, 1998, directed in Section 308 of the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 1998, that: "The Secretary of Transportation, through the Coast Guard and the Maritime Administration, shall, in consultation with the National Ocean Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Corps of Engineers, and other interested Federal agencies and departments, establish a task force to assess the adequacy of the Nation's marine transportation system (including ports, waterways, harbor approach channels, and their intermodal connections) to operate in a safe, efficient, secure, and environmentally sound manner". The Task Force was to consider the capability of the MTS, the adequacy of the depth of channels and harbors, and the cost to the Federal government of accommodating projected increases in foreign and domestic traffic over the next 20 years. Evaluations of the Nation's capability to dispose of dredged materials and the future of the navigational aid system were additional components of this effort. Congress required the Secretary to report the results of the Task Force's assessment. This report summarizes the results of the assessment and constitutes the response to Congress. KW - Approach KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Costs KW - Critical depth KW - Dredged materials KW - Environmental quality KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Harbors KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Ports KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Ship navigational aids KW - Traffic KW - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers KW - U.S. Maritime Administration KW - U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration KW - United States Coast Guard KW - United States Congress KW - Water transportation KW - Waterways UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/report/ UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789571 AU - Department of Transportation AU - Maritime Administration AU - United States Coast Guard AU - Research and Innovative Technology Administration TI - MARITIME TRADE & TRANSPORTATION 1999 PY - 1999 SP - 128 p. AB - The U.S. water transportation industry serves the needs of both international and domestic commerce. It comprises companies that carry freight or passengers of the open seas or inland waterways as well as companies that offer lighterage and towing services, operate canals and terminals, charter vessels, handle cargo, and build and repair ships. A variety of public agencies at all levels of government affect the water transportation industry, including port authorities, state departments of transportation, and national and international regulatory bodies. This report describes major trends in the 1990s that affect the commercial water transportation industry, which provides vital freight and passenger travel services in international and domestic markets and port and cargo-handling services. It also describes the role and performance of the U.S. shipbuilding and repair industry and discusses the water transportation industry's contribution to the U.S. economy. Considerable attention is devoted to maritime safety and environmental goals of the U.S. Department of transportation (DOT) and its lead agency in these areas, the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG). In addition, the critical roles of the U.S. maritime industry and certain DOT programs, particularly those of the Maritime Administration (MARAD) in meeting our national security requirements, are also explored. KW - Canals and waterways KW - Cargo handling KW - Charter operations KW - Commercial transportation KW - Communications KW - Domestic KW - Environmental impacts KW - Freight and passenger services KW - Inland waterways KW - International KW - Maritime safety KW - Port authorities KW - Vessel operations KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/maritime_trade_and_transportation/1999/index.html UR - http://www.bts.gov/publications/maritime_trade_and_transportation/1999/pdf/entire.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647899 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00909311 AU - Maritime Administration TI - CAPITAL EXPENDITURES FOR U.S. SHALLOW DRAFT PUBLIC PORT DEVELOPMENT. PY - 1999 IS - PB2001-103412 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Capital investments KW - Harbors KW - Inland water transportation KW - Marine terminals KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/585022 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00810632 AU - Maritime Administration TI - CAPITAL EXPENDITURES FOR U.S. SHALLOW DRAFT PUBLIC PORT DEVELOPMENT. OVERVIEW PY - 1999 SP - 18 p. AB - This is the second report on shallow draft inland river public port capital expenditures published by the Maritime Administration (MARAD) in cooperation with industry. The report analyzes investments in shoreside facilities and examines the financing methods used by the shallow draft port industry for 1998, as well as historic data through 1997. Other port data, such as type of operation and type of governance, are also included. The survey data were obtained for MARAD by two industry associations, the National Waterways Conference (NWC) and the Inland Rivers, Ports and Terminals, Inc. (IRPT). Fortyfive ports responded to the survey; these organizations are listed in Appendix A. KW - Capital expenditures KW - Inland waterways traffic KW - Investments KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Shallow draft ships UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/17000/17700/17718/PB2001103412.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/679369 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789098 AU - Pauga, A AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. EXPORTS AND IMPORTS TRANSSHIPPED VIA CANADIAN PORTS - 1998 PY - 1999 SP - 19 p. AB - This report summarizes U.S. cargo that moved via Canada in 1998, compared to 1997 and 1996. Summaries show U.S. cargo transshipped through Canada in historical perspective, by customs district, by country of destination and origin, and by leading Harmonized 4-digit commodity codes. Appendixes E-1 and I-1 display summaries of trade by country within customs districts. Appendixes E-2 and I-2 contain detail on leading 4-digit Harmonized commodity movements by U.S. customs districts. A brief description of the methodology used in deriving the transshipped cargo value and estimating its weight is included in a section following the summary tables and charts. In addition to this report, the source data is available upon request from the Maritime Administration in computerized database format in both 4-digit and 6-digit Harmonized Code detail. KW - Canada KW - Cargo ships KW - Commodities KW - Commodity classification KW - Exports KW - Harmonized code (Shipping) KW - Imports KW - International trade KW - Ports KW - Shipments KW - Transshipments KW - United States KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00783608 AU - Maritime Administration TI - GLOSSARY OF SHIPPING TERMS PY - 1999 SP - 110 p. AB - The terms in this glossary have been carefully selected from the myriad of terms one can encounter in the shipping business. The glossary is organized alphabetically, and contains shipping terms and their definitions KW - Definitions KW - Glossaries KW - Shipping UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/Publications/05%20reports/Glossary.final.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/636779 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780319 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bellmer, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LONG-TERM MONITORING SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 88-90 AB - This presentation discusses the dredging and disposal activities within the Fisheries' Office of Habitat Conservation of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It also offers suggestions about future goals for the dredging community. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Dredging KW - Future KW - Monitoring KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Strategic planning KW - U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration KW - Waste disposal KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513107 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780321 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schwer, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INDUSTRY RESPONSE PANEL: CHEMICAL MANUFACTURERS PERSPECTIVE SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 105-106 AB - These comments present the perspective of the chemical industry on the National Research Council (NRC) report "Contaminated Marine Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies" (March 1997). The chemical industry is supportive of the approaches taken by the NRC report and thinks that it points in the right direction, and that its systematic process for evaluating and addressing sediment problems will lead to sound management decisions. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Chemical industry KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Decision making KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Ports KW - Public private partnerships KW - Sediments KW - Strategic planning KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513109 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780315 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Montague, A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BENEFICIAL USES OF PROCESSED SEDIMENT SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 77-79 AB - This presentation discusses the beneficial uses of processed sediment from a marketing perspective. The long term goal is for processed dredged material to be a commodity. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Benefits KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Dredged materials KW - Marketing KW - Materials adaptation and use KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513103 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780317 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - TAYLOR, A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ENVIRONMENTAL DREDGING SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 83-85 AB - This presentation discusses briefly the challenges faced in dredging and handling of dredged sediments and the investment that has been made in dredging equipment. The remainder of the presentation is devoted to a discussion of the 55-acre Superfund project to clean up Bayou Bonfouca in Louisiana. This project, completed in March 1995, removed 162,000 cu yd (124,000 cu m) of contaminated material. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Bayou Bonfouca (Louisiana) KW - Case studies KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Dredging KW - Equipment KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513105 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780313 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Connolly, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVALUATION OF REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES FOR CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS: A COHERENT DECISION-MAKING APPROACH SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 60-62 AB - This case study discusses the procedures for evaluating contaminated sediments. This involves going to a site, looking at the data, and deciding whether an unacceptable risk exists. If there is an unacceptable risk, then in most cases, the feasibility of various remedial options will be evaluated. When evaluating sites, it is not enough to say there is an unacceptable risk and therefore the presumptive remedy is dredging. Dredging does not work everywhere. In cases where there are significant risks and significant costs, a prognostic risk assessment must be done. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Case studies KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Decision making KW - Ports KW - Risk assessment KW - Sediments KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513101 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780320 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Borrone, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INDUSTRY RESPONSE PANEL: COASTAL OCEAN PORTS PERSPECTIVE SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 103-104 AB - These comments present the perspective of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey on the National Research Council (NRC) report "Contaminated Marine Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies" (March 1997). The NRC report is seen as an important step forward, because it gives the opportunity to reach resolution on strategies that have been talked about for a while in a piecemeal fashion. The report clearly and thoughtfully explains that treating dredged material as a resource can occur only when regulatory uncertainties are addressed and adequate public/private partnerships are developed. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey KW - Ports KW - Public private partnerships KW - Regulatory reform KW - Sediments KW - Strategic planning KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513108 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780323 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ziemkiewicz, P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INDUSTRY RESPONSE PANEL: MINING PERSPECTIVE SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 107-108 AB - These comments present the coal industry perspective on the National Research Council (NRC) report "Contaminated Marine Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies" (March 1997). The interest of the coal industry is as a user or recipient of these sediments. The sediments are used for mine grouting and surface applications. The issues with which the industry is concerned are regulatory coherence between federal and state agencies, liability issues, and quality assurance and quality control issues. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Cleaning KW - Coal industry KW - Contaminants KW - Liability KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Ports KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Regulations KW - Sediments KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513111 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780324 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Garbaciak, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INDUSTRY RESPONSE PANEL: INLAND WATERWAYS AND LAKES PERSPECTIVE SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 108-109 AB - These comments present the inland waterways and lakes perspective on the National Research Council (NRC) report "Contaminated Marine Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies" (March 1997). The comments concern uncertainty, and its role in a variety of issues related to dealing with contaminated sediments, for both remediation projects and navigational dredging. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Inland waterways KW - Lakes KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Uncertainty KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513112 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780322 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Missimer, C L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INDUSTRY RESPONSE PANEL: FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 106-107 AB - These comments present the forest products industry perspective on the National Research Council (NRC) report "Contaminated Marine Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies" (March 1997). Most of the contaminated sediment sites associated with the forest products industry are located in nonnavigational waters, making the primary objective risk reduction. Several questions are raised on reducing risk and remedial actions, and suggestions are made on how the NRC report could be extended to address these issues. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Decision making KW - Forest products industry KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Ports KW - Risk management KW - Sediments KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513110 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780314 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Neuhauser, E R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ESTABLISHING ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE END POINTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SEDIMENTS AND SOILS SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 63-65 AB - This case study introduces the National Environmentally Acceptable End Points Program and discusses how this program is dealing with sediments placed in upland situations from the dredging of the Erie Canal. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Decision making KW - Dredged materials KW - Erie Canal KW - Management KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513102 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780316 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Adams, W J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MINING INDUSTRY ISSUES SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 80-82 AB - This presentation discusses some of the sediments issues that are important to the mining industry. For the author's industry, hard rock mining, the issues involve freshwater rather than marine issues, and metals instead of organics. The biggest issue is the tailings impoundment. The discussion is primarily concerned with risk assessment. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Mining and extractive industries KW - Ports KW - Risk assessment KW - Sediments KW - Tailings KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513104 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780318 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Connor, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DEVELOPING TECHNIQUES FOR SOURCE CONTROL SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 86-87 AB - This presentation reviews what the National Research Council (NRC) report "Contaminated Marine Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies" (March 1997), says about source control and discusses point source trends, changes and associated effects, and chances for future reductions. The presentation focuses on Boston and the work of the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Source control (Pollutants) KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513106 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780312 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Friedman-Thomas, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MULTISTAKEHOLDER DECISION APPROACH FOR CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 57-59 AB - This case study discusses sediment management activities in Puget Sound, and in particular, multistakeholder decision-making approaches. It begins by providing a context for why the sediment cleanup pilot project was undertaken in Bellingham Bay. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Case studies KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Decision making KW - Management KW - Ports KW - Puget Sound Region KW - Sediments KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513100 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780305 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Haggard, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STAKEHOLDER RESPONSE TO THE STUDY REPORT: INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 22-24 AB - These comments offer the industry perspective on the National Research Council (NRC) report "Contaminated Marine Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies" (March 1997). From the industry perspective, the state of practice is markedly out of step with the ideal. Too much emphasis is placed on mass removal versus risk control and on simplistic analysis. To advance the field, a review should be conducted by an organization independent of those performing projects, and changes should be implemented to ensure that the expenditure of resources has a real benefit. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513093 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780310 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - YOUNG, W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DISPOSAL TECHNOLOGIES USED IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 36-39 AB - This case study describes two projects in the state of Maryland for the disposal of contaminated sediments from the Chesapeake Bay - the Hart-Miller Island facility and the CSX/Cox Creek facility. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Case studies KW - Chesapeake Bay KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Waste disposal facilities KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513098 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780304 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wakeman, T H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STAKEHOLDER RESPONSE TO THE STUDY REPORT: PORT PERSPECTIVE SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 21-22 AB - These comments offer the port perspective on the National Research Council (NRC) report "Contaminated Marine Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies" (March 1997). From the port perspective, there needs to be some action. Too often there is another meeting to talk about the problems instead of action to do something about them. Demonstration projects are necessary. There is a need to consider new laws and regulations that are based on risk. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513092 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780311 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Oweis, I AU - Transportation Research Board TI - GEOTECHNICS OF UTILIZING DREDGED SEDIMENTS AS STRUCTURAL FILL SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 40-42 AB - This case study deals with the structural aspects of the use of dredged sediments. The case is a site in Elizabeth, New Jersey. It is one of the largest sites in New Jersey now using dredged sediments to prepare a site for a large shopping mall. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Case studies KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Dredged materials KW - Elizabeth (New Jersey) KW - Fills KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513099 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780307 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - MacDonald, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STAKEHOLDER RESPONSE TO THE STUDY REPORT: REGULATORY PERSPECTIVE SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 26-28 AB - These comments offer the regulatory perspective on the National Research Council (NRC) report "Contaminated Marine Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies" (March 1997). From the regulatory perspective, the report does not recognize that the states have a very significant role to play, not only in regulating but also in trying to manage contaminated sediment problems and respond to the public concerns about these problems. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513095 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780308 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Liegel, K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STAKEHOLDER RESPONSE TO THE STUDY REPORT: LEGAL PERSPECTIVE SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 28-30 AB - These comments offer the legal perspective on the National Research Council (NRC) report "Contaminated Marine Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies" (March 1997). From the legal perspective, the report fails to give sufficient recognition to the role of habitat. Sediments are habitat. Also, the report should emphasize that decision making and project implementation would be improved if the goals of land use and resource management planning were combined more often to develop project plans that are both environmentally sound and economically attractive. Needed regulatory reform is also discussed. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513096 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780306 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Tripp, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STAKEHOLDER RESPONSE TO THE STUDY REPORT: ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 25-26 AB - These comments offer the environmental perspective on the National Research Council (NRC) report "Contaminated Marine Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies" (March 1997). From the environmental perspective, the key points discussed are (1) source control, (2) decontamination technologies - what will happen at the operational scale and what it will cost, and (3) standards when dealing with on-land disposal of contaminated dredged material. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Perspective (Point of view) KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513094 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780309 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Caulfield, D D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ACOUSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR MAPPING THE DISTRIBUTION OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 33-35 AB - This case study gives a brief summary of the use of acoustic technology to map the distribution of contaminated sediments. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Acoustics KW - Case studies KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Mapping KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513097 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780302 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bohlen, W F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MAKING SITE-SPECIFIC ASSESSMENTS SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 16-18 AB - These comments focus on Chapter 4 of the National Research Council Report "Contaminated Marine Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies" (March 1997). Chapter 4 addresses the issue of site assessment. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Site assessment KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513090 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780298 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wulf, W A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING INFORMING THE POLITICAL PROCESS SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 11-12 AB - In these welcoming remarks, the president of the National Academy of Engineering comments on the history of the National Academies and their dual role of honorific societies and providing advice to the federal government. He then comments on the problem of sediment contamination of ports and waterways, and the fact that the problem is further complicated by a tangled web of legislation, multiple federal agencies with responsibility, and overlapping state and local jurisdictions. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Contaminants KW - Federal government KW - Legislation KW - Local government KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - State government KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513086 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780300 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pavlou, S P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TECHNICAL FORUM FOR PRODUCTIVE IDEAS SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 13 AB - These welcoming remarks offer a brief look into the future on the topic of contaminated sediments in the nation's waterways. The issues to be discussed at the symposium include (1) risk reduction, (2) sustainable management, or adaptive or continuous management, and (3) reuse. The symposium seeks the perspectives, ideas, and constructive criticisms of stakeholders. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Contaminants KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Strategic planning KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513088 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780296 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS: COUPLING RISK REDUCTION WITH SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND REUSE. PROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE, WASHINGTON, D.C., MAY 27-29, 1998 SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - 154 p. AB - The goal of the symposium was to promote discussion of the issues raised and recommendations presented in the National Research Council (NRC) report "Contaminated Marine Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies," released in March 1997. Appendix D of the proceedings provides an Executive Summary of this NRC report. Although there are no simple solutions to the problems created by contaminated marine sediments, the problems can be managed effectively using a systematic, risk-based approach that incorporates incremental improvements in decision making, remediation technologies, and project implementation. Sponsors of the symposium were interested in educating and promoting dialogue among the diverse stakeholders involved in sediment management and in finding potential solutions. This was accomplished through a combination of expert panels, case study presentations, and roundtable discussions. The formal program was augmented by breakout discussion groups, which encouraged dialogue among the various stakeholders on specific issues of most interest to them. The key points from these discussions were then presented at plenary sessions. Another important component of the symposium was a number of staffed poster displays and demonstrations, highlighting a broad range of strategies and technologies that have been successfully implemented or that are in development. Appendix A presents a synopsis of the displays. The material in the proceedings has been condensed and edited. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Case studies KW - Cleaning KW - Conferences KW - Contaminants KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513084 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780297 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pavlou, S P AU - Thibodeaux, L J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STRATEGIES AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR CLEANING UP CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS IN THE NATION'S WATERWAYS: THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STUDY SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 7-9 AB - Contaminated marine sediments pose a threat to ecosystems, marine resources, and human health. Sediment contamination also interferes with shipping activities and growth of trade resulting from delays in dredging and the inability to dredge the nation's harbors due to controversies over risks and costs of sediment management. Given that approximately 95% of total U.S. trade passes through dredged ports, potential economic impacts due to sediment contamination may be severe. The management of contaminated sediments is complex and difficult. These comments provide an overview of a study performed by the National Research Council's Committee on Contaminated Marine Sediments. The study indicates that careful problem formulation and good information provide the foundation for good decisions in managing contaminated sediments, and that incremental improvements can be made in remediation technologies, project implementation, and decision-making. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Decision making KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513085 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780303 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hayes, D F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ADDRESSING TECHNOLOGIES AND CONTROLS SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 19-20 AB - These comments provide a brief overview of Chapter 5 of the National Research Council report "Contaminated Marine Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies" (March 1997). Chapter 5 addresses interim and long-term technologies and controls. Comments are also provided on the issue of cost. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Cleaning KW - Contaminants KW - Costs KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Technology KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513091 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780299 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Thibodeaux, L J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUCCESS THROUGH CONSENSUS BUILDING SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 12-13 AB - These welcoming remarks provide a brief history of how the National Research Council got involved in the issue of contaminated sediments, then conclude with comments on the importance of the present symposium in providing a nonadversarial setting in which the various stakeholders can address the issues collectively. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Contaminants KW - Ports KW - Sediments KW - Strategic planning KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513087 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00780301 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Zelibor, J L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ADOPTING A SYSTEMATIC RISK-BASED APPROACH SN - 0309070732 PY - 1999 IS - 19 SP - p. 14-15 AB - Contaminated sediments slow decision making and the implementation of dredging, which is needed to keep ports and waterways safe and efficient. Clearly, the effective management of contaminated sediments is of strategic importance to the economic well-being of ports, waterways, and coastal areas. These comments provide an introduction to the National Research Council report "Contaminated Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies" (March 1997), focusing on the findings relevant to the topics to be discussed in the symposium. U1 - National Symposium on Contaminated Sediments: Coupling Risk Reduction with Sustainable Management and ReuseTransportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration.Washington, D.C. StartDate:19980527 EndDate:19980529 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board; Marine Board; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and U.S. Maritime Administration. KW - Contaminants KW - Decision making KW - Ports KW - Risk analysis KW - Sediments KW - Strategic planning KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/513089 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00789100 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE MARINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: WATERWAYS, PORTS AND THEIR INTERMODAL CONNECTIONS, AIRLIE CENTER, WARRENTON, VIRGINIA, NOVEMBER 17-19, 1998 PY - 1998/11 SP - 109 p. AB - The National Conference on the Marine Transportation System was hosted by Secretary of Transportation Slater on November 17-19, 1998 at the Airlie Center in Warrenton, Virginia. After a series of keynote and background resource speakers, the conference participants worked alternately in issue breakout groups and plenary sessions. In the plenary sessions, the conference participants addressed two overarching issues: a shared national vision for the Marine Transportation System (MTS) and public private coordination of MTS activities. There were five breakout groups that used various facilitated approaches to identify the issues, create goals and develop recommendations to achieve these goals in the areas of safety, competitiveness, infrastructure, environment and security. On the final day of the conference, a stakeholder spokesman from each issue group presented the recommended actions and goals to a leadership report-out panel. KW - Competition KW - Conferences KW - Environmental protection KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Marine safety KW - Ports KW - Recommendations KW - Security KW - Strategic planning KW - Water transportation KW - Waterways UR - http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-m/mw/documents/proceedings.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/647641 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00760060 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PUBLIC PORT FINANCE SURVEY FOR FY 1997 PY - 1998/11 SP - 18 p. AB - This report is the result of a cooperative effort between the Maritime Administration (MARAD) and the American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA). MARAD prepared the report using financial information furnished by AAPA. This is the only report of its kind in the port industry covering U.S. and Canadian ports. The report contains primarily financial data on maritime activities at ports, including the income statement, balance sheet, outstanding bonds, debt service, sales offices, and cargo tonnage. Two new sections, however, have been added: (1) data on contributions, donations, and grants received in FY 1997, and (2) ratio analyses. Seventy participating ports are included in this report. KW - Balance of payments KW - Canada KW - Cargo handling KW - Debt KW - Finance KW - Grant aid KW - Income KW - Port authorities KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Tonnage UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12300/12312/Finance_Survey_1999.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496110 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00790523 AU - Maritime Administration TI - A REPORT TO CONGRESS ON THE STATUS OF THE PUBLIC PORTS OF THE UNITED STATES 1996-1997 PY - 1998/10 SP - 128 p. AB - This year's Report to Congress on the Status of the Public Ports of the United States, covering calendar years 1996 to 1997, discusses the U.S. public port industry's economic activities and the critical issues facing it. The first section of this report provides an overview of the U.S, public port industry. It addressed five fundamental areas that provide a picture of this industry's economic importance and current capabilities. The first area describes the industry's national economic impact based on 1996 activity. The second area details the volume and composition of the waterborne commerce handled by our port system. The third area profiles the port facilities that handle the foreign and domestic commerce. The fourth are reviews the industry's capital investments in shoreside infrastructure and the funding sources used to finance this development program. The final area of this section provides a view of the port industry's financial strength. The second section of this report discusses the key issues facing the U.S. port industry. The most noticeable aspect of this subject is the complexity and broad range of issues. The industry's major concerns focus on financing facility development, new generation of containerships, global shipping alliances, environmental regulation, dredging and dredged material disposal, replacement of the Harbor Maintenance Fee, improving intermodal access to marine terminals, and the passage of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21). The final section describes several related developments of interest or concern to the port industry. This year's report includes a discussion of the Marine Transportation System initiative, military use of commercial ports and intermodal transportation, intermodal educational initiatives, and the conveyance of surplus Federal property for use by public ports. KW - Access KW - Capital investments KW - Coasts KW - Containerships KW - Domestic KW - Dredged materials KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic impacts KW - Education KW - Environmental control KW - Facilities KW - Financing KW - Foreign KW - Harbor Maintenance Fee KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Marine terminals KW - Military transportation KW - Ports KW - Shipping KW - Strategic alliances KW - Surplus KW - Trade KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Waste disposal KW - Water transportation UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/publications/public_portshtm.htm UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648264 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00756489 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON PORT AND SHIPPING SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PY - 1998/10 IS - 49 SP - 29 p. AB - This is the 49th quarterly report on safety and environmental protection matters related to ports and shipping. Highlights include: (1) The 80th session of the Council (C 80) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) was held at IMO Headquarters in London from June 15-19, 1998. (2) The 26th session of the IMO Facilitation Committee (FAL 26) was held at IMO Headquarters in London from September 7-11, 1998. (3) On June 29, 1998, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a final rule that amends its rules under the Toxic Substances Control Act which address the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, cleanup, storage, and disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls. (4) On August 25, 1998, the EPA and the U.S. Department of Defense issued a proposed rule that represents the first phase of a three-phase process to set uniform national discharge standards for Armed Forces vessels. (5) The National Dredging Team has published its guidance document titled Local Planning Groups and Development of Dredged Material Management Plans: Guidance by the National Dredging Team. KW - Dredging KW - Environmental protection KW - International Maritime Organization KW - Ports KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Shipping UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21400/21478/PB99119893.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/537719 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00759631 AU - Maritime Administration AU - American Association of Port Authorities TI - PORT RISK MANAGEMENT AND INSURANCE GUIDEBOOK PY - 1998/09/30 SP - 226 p. AB - The overall objective of the guidebook is to provide ports with the basic skills and information needed to establish amd maintain appropriate and cost-effective insurance and risk management programs. It is designed to serve as a practical 'how to' manual and educational reference text. While it is written from a port's point of view and geared toward the basics of insurance and risk management, experienced port risk managers and other organizations in the industry should find it valuable also. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Insurance industry KW - Maritime safety KW - Port authorities KW - Port operations KW - Risk assessment KW - Risk management KW - Water transportation crashes UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/publications/portriskmgmt.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7400/7421/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/495981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00750969 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON PORT AND SHIPPING SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PY - 1998/07 IS - 48 SP - 38 p. AB - This is the 48th quarterly report on safety and environmental protection matters related to ports and shipping. Highlights are as follows: (1) The 41st session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 41) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) was held at IMO Headquarters in London from March 30 - April 3, 1998; (2) The 77th session of the IMO Legal Committee (LEG 77) was held at IMO Headquarters in London from April 20-24, 1998; (3) The 69th session of the IMO Maritime Safety Committee (MSC 69) was held at IMO Headquarters in London from May 11-20, 1998; (4) On June 9, 1998, President Clinton signed the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21; P.L. 105-178); (5) To comply with the National Invasive Species Act of 1996, the Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Transportation, on April 10, 1998, proposed both regulations and guidelines to control the invasion of aquatic nuisance species; and (6) During April 1998, the "Report of the Interagency Panel on Ship Scrapping" was published by the U.S. Department of Defense. KW - Compliance KW - Environmental protection KW - National Invasive Species Act KW - Ports KW - Safety KW - Shipping KW - Ships KW - Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00790524 AU - Maritime Administration TI - OUTLOOK FOR THE U.S. SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR INDUSTRY 1998 PY - 1998/06 SP - 61 p. AB - The United States shipbuilding industry has made progress in its reemergence as an active participant in the commercial shipbuilding market. This report, relating the 1998 outlook for the shipbuilding and repair industry in the United States, lists the following chapter headings in its table of contents: World Shipbuilding; U. S. Shipbuilding; Military Ship Construction; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Ship Repair and Conversion Work; Naval Base Closure and Realignment; National Defense Reserve Fleet; Passenger and Cruise Vessels; Second-Tier Shipyards; Capital Investments; Outlook for the Industry; and Factors Affecting Future U.S. Industry Growth. KW - Capital investments KW - Closures KW - Construction KW - Cruise ships KW - Industries KW - Military vessels KW - National defense KW - Naval bases KW - Passenger ships KW - Repairing KW - Reserve fleet KW - Shipbuilding KW - Ships KW - Shipyards KW - U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648265 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00790522 AU - Maritime Administration TI - A REPORT TO CONGRESS ON U.S. MARITIME POLICY PY - 1998/05 SP - 60 p. AB - Section 14 of the Maritime Security Act of 1996 (the Act) requires the Department of Transportation (DOT) to prepare a report on implementation of its maritime policies during FY 1996-2000. This report discusses how Federal maritime programs that have been developed to promote a strong U.S. maritime industry and to foster an efficient transportation system nationwide are helping to meet each of the objectives identified by Congress in the Act, and identifies DOT's maritime policy focus through the year 2000. The table of contents lists the following chapter headings: I. Introduction; II. Overview of Federal Maritime Policies; III. Specific Maritime Programs to Achieve the Policy Objectives Identified by Congress - A. Maritime Security Program/Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement, B. National Shipbuilding Initiative, C. Ready Reserve Force, D. Emergency Planning Operations, E. Port, Intermodal, and Environmental Activities, F. International Agreements, G. Maritime Labor and Training, H. Cargo Preference, I. Domestic Shipping Operations, J. Maritime Research, Development, and Technology Transfer; and IV. Future Policies for the U.S. Maritime Industry. KW - Cargo preference KW - Domestic KW - Emergencies KW - Environment KW - Federal government KW - Intermodal facilities KW - International trade KW - Labor KW - Maritime policy KW - Military sealift KW - Operations KW - Policy KW - Ports KW - Research KW - Security KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipping KW - Technology transfer KW - Training KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16900/16917/PB2000106163.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648263 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00907268 AU - Maritime Administration TI - A REPORT TO CONGRESS ON U.S. MARITIME POLICY, FY 1996-FY2000. PY - 1998 IS - PB2000-106163 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Policy KW - Shipping KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/584920 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00887413 AU - Maritime Administration TI - INTRODUCING THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION.. PY - 1998 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Commercial Law KW - Maritime law KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579360 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00751070 AU - Maritime Administration AU - United States Coast Guard TI - PORT SECURITY: SECURITY FORCE MANAGEMENT PY - 1998 SP - 35 p. AB - This booklet, the second in a planned series of port security publications by the U.S. Department of Transportation, explores some of the issues involved in creating and managing a port security force. The contents are presented in the following sections: The Relationship Between Private Security and Law Enforcement; Private Security on the Waterfront - Proprietary vs. Contract; Creating an Effective Private Security Force on the Waterfront; The Role of Private Security on the Waterfront; Managing a Private Security Force on the Waterfront; and Conclusion. KW - Law enforcement KW - Management KW - Port security KW - Ports KW - Private enterprise KW - Security KW - Security forces UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484612 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01103698 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Maritime Administration: Draft Strategic Plan 1998-2002 PY - 1997/12 SP - 40p AB - The Maritime Administrations 1998-2002 Strategic Plan sets forth the mission, goals and specific actions that the Agency will pursue in implementing our statutory mandates, which are to ensure the availability of: efficient water transportation service to American shippers and consumers; an adequate shipbuilding and repair base; efficient ports; effective intermodal water and land transportation connections; and sufficient intermodal shipping capacity for use by the Department of Defense in time of national emergency. This Strategic Plan provides our direction into the 21st Century as we strive to meet the challenges and changes facing the maritime industry, the Federal Government, and the economic and national security of the Nation. KW - Cargo handling KW - Maritime industry KW - National security KW - Naval architecture KW - Planning and design KW - Ship lines KW - Shipping KW - Strategic planning KW - Water transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19300/19393/PB2002106653.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/863437 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929775 AU - Maritime Administration TI - UNITED STATES PORT DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE REPORT PY - 1997/10 SP - 23 p. AB - This report is the seventh edition in a series of reports that continue the capital expenditure survey first begun by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in 1956. The report analyzes the results of the American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) capital expenditure survey for 1996. The survey included the capital expenditures for 1996 and proposed expenditures for the period 1997 through 2001 along with the funding sources used to finance these expenditures. The survey data were obtained from the corporate membership of AAPA. The format of this year's survey is unchanged from that of a year ago. KW - Capital expenditures KW - Expenditures KW - Financing KW - Forecasting KW - Port authorities KW - Proposals KW - Surveys UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6200/6297/expend96.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719325 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00748139 AU - Selig, O L AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF U.S. PUBLIC PORT PROFITABILITY AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY (1985-1994) PY - 1997/06 SP - 135 p. AB - This is the fourth report published by the Maritime Administration (MARAD) analyzing various factors related to public port financing in the United States. The first report was published in June 1974, the second in June 1985, and the third in July 1994. The 1994 report included methodologies to define public port profitability and self-sufficiency. Although rich in information, the profitability analysis was based only on the five years 1988-1992 and was based solely on port regions. This report further analyzes public port profitability for the ten-year period 1985-1994 and evaluates profitability by port region, size (based on gross operating revenue and net investment in plant, property, and equipment), type of operation, type of governmental agency, and extent of planning. The financial data were taken from the annual port finance survey reports compiled by the American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA). Other information was provided by a special survey conducted for the 1994 report, the 1994 report itself, and updates of the survey. KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Financing KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Profitability KW - Surveys KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/21000/21400/21433/PB99118358.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/473811 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00740400 AU - Inland Waterways Studies Institute AU - Maritime Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF PORT, TERMINAL AND NAVIGATION IMPACTS RESULTING FROM THE 1993 UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOOD PY - 1997/03 SP - 109 p. AB - The primary objective of the study was to assess the impact of the closed waterways, to identify navigation impacts, and to determine the extent of infrastructure damage to transportation facilities that provide access to these ports and terminals. An additional objective was to analyze the responses of port and terminal operators to the 1995 flood and compare them to the "lessons learned" from the 1993 event. KW - Damage control KW - Flood protection KW - Loss and damage KW - Marine terminals KW - Navigation KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573402 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00740386 AU - Wong, V W S AU - BROWN, A J AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION FROM SHIPS: CHARACTERIZATION AND ASSESSMENT OF DIESEL PARTICULATE EMISSION REDUCTION VIA LUBE-OIL-CONSUMPTION CONTROL PY - 1997/03 SP - 99 p. AB - Strategies to alleviate particulate emissions from diesel engines on board vessels operating in coastal waters are being investigated. The approach is to determine the effectiveness of reducing engine lube-oil consumption as a means to reduce particulate pollutants. The research objectives are: a) establish baseline characteristics of reducing engine lube-oil consumption, and b) investigate the effects of engine component-design and operating-condition on these characteristics. In this study, simultaneous lube-oil consumption and particulate emission data were collected on a single-cylinder diesel engine for various speeds and loads using three ring and intake pressure configurations. Lube-oil contribution to particulates was determined using chromatography. KW - Air quality management KW - Chemical analysis KW - Chromatographic analysis KW - Chromatography KW - Diesel engine exhaust gases KW - Engine cylinders KW - Lube oil analysis KW - Lubricating oils KW - Particulates KW - Single cylinder engines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573388 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00740435 AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPILATION OF MARITIME LAWS. THE MERCHANT MARINE ACT, 1936; THE MARITIME SECURITY ACT OF 1996; THE SHIPPING ACT OF 1984; AND RELATED ACTS (AS AMENDED THROUGH THE 104TH CONGRESS). JANUARY 1997 PY - 1997/01 SP - 390 p. AB - Table of contents: Merchant Marine Act, 1936; Vessel Operations Revolving Fund; Maritime Liability; Fast Sealift Program; National Defense Sealift Fund; Shipyard Development; National Maritime Enhancement Institute; Merchant Ship Sales Act, 1946; Merchant Marine Act, 1920; Merchant Marine Act, 1928; Cabotage; Cargo Reservation Statutes; Shipping Act, 1984; Shipping Act, 1916; Foreign Shipping Practices Act; Automated Tariff Filing and Information Systems; Title 49, Interstate Water Carrier Transportation; Gambling; Merchant Marine Decorations and Medals; Passenger/Cruise Vessels; Admiralty/Maritime Jurisdiction; General Definition of Vessel; Public Vessels Act; Emergency Foreign Vessels Acquisition Act; National Emergencies Act; Civil Procedures; American Great Lakes Vessels; Documentation of Vessels; Mapping of Vessels; Appendix: Laws of 104th Congress. KW - Government regulations KW - Legislation KW - Maritime law KW - Maritime regulation KW - Merchant marine KW - Ports KW - Regulations KW - Security UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6300/6323/marlaws.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573420 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00886355 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARAD '96 THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION.. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION PY - 1997 IS - PB98-121817 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Merchant marine KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipping KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20200/20297/PB98121817.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579146 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00790520 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON SURVEY OF U.S. SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR FACILITIES 1997 PY - 1997 SP - 111 p. AB - The Maritime Administration conducts an annual survey to obtain information from the shipbuilding and ship repair industries to be used primarily to determine if an adequate mobilization base exists for national defense and for use in a national emergency. The report on the 1997 survey of U.S. shipyard facilities presents narrative descriptions of major U.S. commercial shipbuilding facilities in the United States that have the capability to construct, drydock, and/or topside repair vessels with a minimum length overall of 122 meters, provided that water depth in the channel to the facility is at least 3.7 meters. In addition, yard plans for these facilities are included, as well as tables on number of ship building positions available to build a complete specified ship, and maximum ship length used to determine the number of shipways or graving docks available. KW - Drydocks KW - Facilities KW - Repairing KW - Shipbuilding KW - Surveys KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648261 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00760058 AU - Pauga, A AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. EXPORTS AND IMPORTS TRANSSHIPPED VIA CANADIAN PORTS - 1996-97 PY - 1997 SP - 51 p. AB - This report summarizes U.S. cargo that moved via Canada in 1996 and 1997. Summaries show U.S. cargo transshipped through Canada in historical perspective, by customs district, by country, and by leading Harmonized 4-digit commodity codes. Appendixes E-1 and I-1 display summaries of trade by country within customs districts. Appendixes E-2 and I-2 contain reports of leading 4-digit Harmonized commodity movements by U.S. customs districts. A brief description of the methodology used in deriving the transshipped cargo value and estimating its weight is included in a section following the summary tables and charts. In addition to the report, the source database is available upon request from the Maritime Administration in computerized dBase format in 4-digit and 6-digit Harmonized Code detail. KW - Canada KW - Cargo ships KW - Commodities KW - Customs administration KW - Exports KW - Imports KW - Port operations KW - Shipping KW - Trade KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496108 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00886207 AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE MERCHANT MARINE ACT, 1936, THE MARITIME SECURITY ACT OF 1996, THE SHIPPING ACT OF 1984, AND RELATED ACTS: AS AMENDED THROUGH THE 104TH CONGRESS. T2 - COMPILATION OF MARITIME LAWS PY - 1997 IS - PB97-175517 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Maritime law KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00886564 AU - Maritime Administration TI - GLOSSARY OF SHIPPING TERMS. PY - 1997 IS - PB98-121312 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Definitions KW - Shipping UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20200/20296/PB98121312.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579210 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736889 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT SECURITY: A NATIONAL PLANNING GUIDE PY - 1997 SP - 33 p. AB - This guide has been produced for the purpose of conveying the United States Department of Transportation's policy perspective on port security to the maritime community. It provides an overview of the essential aspects of port security and identifies many of the challenges facing ports. It is also intended to provide local governments and the commercial maritime industry with a common basis upon which to establish port security standards and the outcomes expected from meeting those standards. This guide is intended to be the first document in a series to be produced through the cooperative efforts of the maritime industry and the Federal government. The guide and subsequent technical manuals are intended to be usable by port directors or general managers, the directors of port security, and the officers of port security departments in fulfilling their responsibilities toward the development of an effective port security program. This guide is organized by the following topics: Maritime Security; Fundamentals of Port Security; Port Security Operations; Threats and Issues Facing Port Security; and Future Challenges. KW - Cooperation KW - Freight security KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - International KW - International compacts KW - Maritime safety KW - Maritime security KW - Policy KW - Port security KW - Ports KW - Public private partnerships KW - Risk assessment KW - Security KW - Smuggling KW - Standards KW - Technological innovations KW - Terrorism KW - Training KW - U.S. Maritime Administration UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/16000/16900/16918/PB2000106164.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6600/6609/portplan.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/479087 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00736885 AU - Maritime Administration TI - A REPORT TO CONGRESS ON THE STATUS OF THE PUBLIC PORTS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1994-1995 PY - 1996/10 SP - 89 p. AB - This report covers the U.S. public port industry's economic activities and critical issues for calendar years 1994 and 1995. U.S. ports handle over 95% of the Nation's foreign trade and over two billion tons of foreign and domestic waterborne commerce. The trade that flows through the port system provides significant economic benefits to the U.S. economy at all levels--local, regional, and national. The first section of this report provides an overview of the U.S. public port industry. It addresses five fundamental areas that provide a picture of this industry's economic importance and current capabilities. The first area describes the industry's national economic impact based on 1994 activity. The second area details the volume and composition of the waterborne commerce handled by our port system. The third area profiles the port facilities that handle the foreign and domestic commerce. The fourth area reviews the industry's capital investments in shoreside infrastructure and the funding sources used to finance this development program. The final area of this section provides a view of the port industry's financial strength based on a recently completed survey by the industry. The second section of this report discusses the key issues facing the U.S. port industry. The industry's major concerns focus on financing facility development, new generation of containerships, global shipping alliances, environmental regulation, dredging and dredged material disposal and improving intermodal access to marine terminals through the reauthorization of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). The final section describes several related developments of interest or concern to the port industry. This year's report includes matters pertaining to improved maritime trade opportunities within North America, military use of commercial ports and intermodal transportation, and the conveyance of surplus Federal property for use by public ports. KW - Access KW - Capital investments KW - Containerships KW - Dredged materials KW - Dredging KW - Economic activity KW - Economic benefits KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic impacts KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Finance KW - Financial analysis KW - Financial sources KW - Industries KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal terminals KW - International trade KW - Marine terminals KW - Military shipments KW - North America KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Public port industry KW - Shipping KW - Strategic alliances KW - Surplus government property KW - Trade KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/479083 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00726003 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON PORT AND SHIPPING SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PY - 1996/07 IS - 40 SP - 42 p. AB - The 40th quarterly report on safety and environmental protection matters related to ports and shipping contains the following highlights: 1. The International Conference on Hazardous and Noxious Substances and Limitation of Liability was held at International Maritime Organization (IMO) Headquarters in London from April 15 - May 3, 1996. 2. On April 12, 1996, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency published a final rule concerning the control of transfrontier movements of wastes destined for recovery operations. 3. On May 23, 1996, the U.S. Coast Guard issued a final rule that modifies its regulations for both inspected and uninspected commercial vessels by removing or revising obsolete and unnecessary provisions and incorporating industry standards and practices. 4. In December 1995, 14 federal agencies signed the Memorandum of Understanding to Foster the Ecosystem Approach. 5. During April 1996, the Marine Board of the National Research Council released a research report on the use of simulation technology to train and license mariners. KW - Commercial strips KW - Commercial vessels KW - Ecosystems KW - Environmental protection KW - Hazardous materials KW - Industries KW - Marine safety KW - Port operations KW - Safety KW - Shipping KW - Simulation KW - Standards KW - Technology KW - Traffic KW - Training KW - Waste transportation KW - Wastes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/461049 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723861 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Prince, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PARADIGM SHIFTS IN THE INTERMODAL TERMINAL OPERATIONS OF MARINE CONTAINERS PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 247-252 AB - The railroad industry has matured since the advent of double-stack trains. However, future challenges for the railroads are great. If railroads are going to change, the paradigms by which they operate must change. The traditional rules and methods of conducting business can no longer stay the same. For the industry to grow, intermodal services need to be expedited and enhanced. There is a need for intermodal to work smarter, which involves changing a few traditional paradigms. Improved coordination and partnerships are the most likely tactics for survival and success. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Coordination KW - Intermodal services KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Partnerships KW - Railroad equipment industry UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463196 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723860 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Button, P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN TERMINAL DESIGN, PLANNING, AND OPERATIONS PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 243-245 AB - This paper begins with a very brief history of intermodal transportation, then discusses the role of information technology in the container revolution. Attention is then focused on information technology and intermodal operations. The gate house is considered as an example of information technology investment linked to operational spending. The paper concludes with a discussion of information technology developments of relevance to intermodal operations. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Containerization KW - History KW - Information technology KW - Intermodal operations KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463195 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723857 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gasparro, M G AU - Reddick, R AU - Cornwell, N AU - Transportation Research Board TI - POLA'S ON-DOCK RAIL TERMINAL: THE INTERMODAL CONTAINER TERMINAL OF THE FUTURE PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 201-209 AB - Meeting market demands by delivering products to customers as quickly as possible is a key concern of businesses today. This concern has been complicated because of the industrial globalization of manufacturers and the continuous development of international markets. In this international market, the efficient movement of goods is important to manufacturers as well as to the markets they serve. What does all this mean to today's seaports? To the Port of Los Angeles (POLA), it means developing efficient intermodal terminals that minimize the time it takes to move a container from ship to rail and into the national rail network. In a quest to deliver efficiencies to its shipping customers, POLA has created an intermodal terminal that effectively combines a ship-to-rail transfer area within their traditional container terminal. This next generation of intermodal terminals will help POLA maintain its preeminence as the largest and busiest container port in the United States. Introducing a rail terminal into the traditional marine container terminal makes sense because of the common elements in operation as well as in physical site improvements; however, many competing demands must be considered. This paper examines planning and design considerations, both complementing and competing, that have to be addressed when introducing a new mode of transportation into or adjacent to the traditional marine container terminal. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Container terminals KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Intermodal rail facilities KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Planning KW - Port of Los Angeles KW - Railroads KW - Ship to rail KW - Structural design KW - Terminal design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463192 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723858 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kelley, K AU - Van Steenburg, E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EQUIPMENT LOCATION SYSTEMS: PROVIDING INTERMODAL TERMINAL OPERATORS WITH ACCURATE INFORMATION PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 211-228 AB - Intermodal container terminal operators perform three primary tasks when handling containers: identification, location, and assignment. Numerous tools are available that facilitate assignment of containers, such as computer software programs designed to manage container location, placement, and routing within a container terminal. However, these software tools depend on manual input for identification and location data. Automatic identification and positioning technologies are available that can readily identify and locate equipment, but to date, no attempt has been made to integrate these technologies to provide a comprehensive resource for intermodal operations. By integrating automatic equipment identification (AEI) and differential global positioning system (DGPS) technologies into container handling equipment, terminal operators can receive container identification and location in an automatic mode. This information update can be completed via wireless data communication, which provides a high-speed, bidirectional data link between the master station and mobile remote units located on container handlers. This communication backbone forwards the DGPS correction factor to all mobile units and carries the identification and location information to the master station. The Cargo Handling Cooperative Program (CHCP), a cooperative organization made up of American President Lines, Ltd.; Crowley American Transport, Inc.; Matson Terminals, Inc.; and the U.S. Maritime Administration, is sponsoring a proof-of-concept test that will demonstrate the feasibility of integrating AEI, DGPS, and wireless area networks into an equipment location system (ELS) that will provide accurate real-time identification, location, and data communication. ELS will provide terminal operators with information in a near real-time mode to facilitate planning, management, and quality programs that improve terminal productivity and enhance customer service. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Automatic equipment identification KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Conferences KW - Container handling KW - Container terminals KW - Demonstration projects KW - Equipment KW - Equipment location systems KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Global Positioning System KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Real time control KW - Real time operations KW - Wireless communication systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463193 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723859 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Shields, J J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AN INNOVATIVE PLANNING AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MAERSK PACIFIC, LONG BEACH PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 229-242 AB - This paper discusses a successful bid to use advanced information technology to enhance productivity and maximize throughput at the West Coast's premiere multimodal facility, the Maersk Pacific Terminal in Long Beach, California. Taking a case study approach, the author describes the specific technology that was implemented, reviews the operational procedures under the system, and details the benefits that have been derived. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Improvements KW - Information technology KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Maersk Pacific KW - Productivity KW - Terminal operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463194 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723862 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McKenzie, D R AU - Engle, T H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE IRON HIGHWAY AND ITS EFFECTS ON INTERMODAL TERMINAL DESIGN AND OPERATIONS PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 253-265 AB - The purpose of this paper is to describe the unique intermodal terminals that will support the Iron Highway, a new, radically different intermodal technology designed to make rail-intermodal price and service competitive in markets currently unserviceable. Several types of terminals and their markets are examined, including sites in major metropolitan, seasonal agricultural, and dedicated industrial areas. The Iron Highway combines an innovative railroad technology with a traditional intermodal operation--circus loading. The basic unit of the Iron Highway is a 1200 ft (366 m) long, self-propelled, bidirectional element consisting of a self-propelled, continuous flat deck with a split-ramp loader at its center and control cabs at either end. Trains of up to five elements may be made. Standard highway trailers ranging in length from 28 ft (8.5 m) to 57 ft (17.4 m) can be quickly loaded onto the deck by a single operator using a hostler tractor. Typically an element would carry 20 trailers. Terminal requirements for the Iron Highway are minimal. Terminals can be built anywhere along a rail line that has sufficient room for a siding and convenient highway access. No mechanized lift equipment is needed. Terminals can be established where they most conveniently serve the customer, thus minimizing truck-haul and lowering drayage costs. The simplicity, flexibility, and lower cost of Iron Highway terminals will create new opportunities for railroads in the intercity freight market. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Freight traffic KW - Intercity transportation KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Intermodal rail facilities KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Loading and unloading KW - Markets KW - Railroads KW - Technological innovations KW - Trailers KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463197 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723855 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Palmer, J G AU - MCLEOD, M AU - Leue, M C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SIMULATION MODELING OF TRAFFIC ACCESS FOR PORT PLANNING PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 180-186 AB - Landside access to cargo terminals is one of the most challenging issues facing today's port planners. Ports must improve intermodal surface transportation efficiency to accommodate cargo growth and coexist with increasing urbanization. Planning a port's access system involves analysis of roadway networks, cargo activity, and mixed-use traffic. Managing all this information and performing the analyses requires a significant effort. The simulation model TRUCKSIM provides a tool to efficiently evaluate the access system and to determine the impact of and benefits of changes in harbor usage and roadway design. TRUCKSIM is a hybrid of travel demand and traffic operation models. This PC-based, discrete event simulation model allows comparative evaluations of policy, operations, and capital development decisions aimed at improving transportation efficiency. The model has been applied at the Port of Long Beach and in the state of Hawaii to evaluate the impact of mixed-use traffic, imposed truck-operating policies, and impact of and benefits from on-dock rail facilities, grade separation projects, and roadway design improvements. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Benefits KW - Conferences KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Impacts KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Intermodal rail facilities KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Landside access KW - Operational analysis KW - Operations KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Railroads KW - Simulation KW - Transportation planning KW - Truck facilities KW - Vehicle mix UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463190 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723851 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Rijsenbrij, J C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AUTOMATION: A PROCESS REDESIGN PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 148-158 AB - The need to control the complexity of intermodal hub centers, the increasing labor costs in most of the world's leading container ports, and the availability of technology from industrial manufacturing have made some container terminal operators decide to introduce automation. The first step is to automate information processing (tracking and tracing); the next step is to automate the handling process itself. This paper begins with an examination of trends in the transportation industry which must be carefully considered to achieve durable designs for automated handling systems. Among these trends are increased vessel sizes, growing hub centers, demand for increased service levels, off-standard activities, increased labor demands, technology development, and more cost control. Attention is then focused on design demands for automation. Specific areas discussed include limitation of types of equipment, reliability of components, user involvement, weatherproof equipment, environmental control, container positioning, backup facilities, modular design of software, and the new approach to vendors. The next section of the paper focuses on the design of automation, which follows these stages: process analysis; information technology; logistics model; equipment development; process control; simulation and prototyping; new labor organizations; and commissioning and training. Each stage is discussed. Final comments concern facilitating the introduction of automation. The major conditions that will help introduce automation and contribute to its success are outlined. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Automation KW - Cargo handling KW - Conferences KW - Information processing KW - Intermodal terminals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463186 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723856 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meadows, R G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DELONG MOUNTAINS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ADDITIONAL USE STUDY PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 187-200 AB - A multidisciplinary assessment and investigation of potential additional uses for the DeLong Mountains Transportation System (DMTS), located in Northwest Alaska, is presented in this paper. The DMTS consists of a 52 mi, all-weather gravel road and a port on the Chukchi Sea shoreline, about 16 mi from the village of Kivalina. The report on which the paper is based was prepared for the Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority (AIDEA) by CH2M HILL and its subconsultants, Sandwell, Alaska Planning Services, and Kevin Waring Associates. The study includes commodity market research, facility conceptual engineering and cost estimating, public participation and information gathering, institutional evaluations of appropriate operating and financial arrangements, and financial feasibility analysis. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conferences KW - Cost estimating KW - Delong Mountains KW - Development KW - Financial analysis KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Market research KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Public participation KW - Uses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463191 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723853 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Beritzhoff, M R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING THE OAKLAND JOINT INTERMODAL TERMINAL PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 165-171 AB - While experiencing healthy overall growth, the Port of Oakland has not enjoyed the same increases in intermodal cargo as other ports. The structure of rail routes and physical restrictions, due to tunnel clearances, have limited the use of double-stack equipment by the three railroads serving Oakland. As a result, Port of Oakland customers have experienced some disadvantage in rail rates and services when compared with other ports. In the past few years, a series of railroad mergers, tunnel improvement programs, and broad changes in overall transportation economics have made highly competitive, double-stack train services available in Oakland. With all three railroads now able to provide double-stack services to ocean carriers calling at Oakland, the port has accelerated its efforts to identify ways to increase its productivity and the efficiency of the intermodal interface. Under way at the present time is the Oakland Joint Intermodal Terminal (JIT) Project, which proposes to expand and improve existing Port of Oakland operations of the three railroads by consolidating their activities into a single, jointly operated terminal. This paper describes the JIT Project, examines its benefits to participants and customers, as well as to the public, and discusses the challenges it faces. A JIT project status report concludes the paper. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Development KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Intermodal rail facilities KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Joint development KW - Port of Oakland KW - Productivity KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Railroads KW - Terminal development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463188 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723852 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Cerwonka, R M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TERMINAL AUTOMATION SYSTEM PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 160-164 AB - The Terminal Automation System (TAS) was developed as a mission-critical initiative to automate and standardize operating processes at Sea-Land Service, Inc., terminals. In addition, TAS provides a mechanism to enhance the flow of data between the major functional areas of the terminals. Existing processes and legacy systems did not support the expeditious movement of information to adequately facilitate the movement of cargo through the marine terminal. TAS is envisioned as a complete and integrated operating system linking mission-critical functional areas of the marine terminal with interactive tools and information processing. Key areas addressed are gate, yard, maintenance, and marine. Each area can be further broken down into finite components. Each of these components is designed to improve and/or automate the information or work flow and to reduce processing time to effectively control the movement of cargo in and out of the facility. TAS is a total terminal system providing a horizontal structure through each area in the terminal hub. Timely information is a key element of TAS for successful management decision making and ongoing analysis for continuous productivity improvement. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Automation KW - Conferences KW - Information processing KW - Intermodal terminals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463187 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723854 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kornegay, H T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVOLUTION OF A MARINE TERMINAL: A CASE STUDY OF THE PORT OF HOUSTON'S FENTRESS BRACEWELL BARBOURS CUT CONTAINER TERMINAL PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 172-178 AB - To survive in the competitive marine transportation industry, port terminals must adapt to changes in the business environment. This paper describes how the Port of Houston's Barbours Cut Terminal (BCT) has evolved during the past 22 years, becoming the premier container terminal on the U.S. Gulf Coast. BCT has evolved into a multiuser facility servicing 24 steamship lines. Projected volumes for 1994 were 450,000 20-ft equivalent units (TEUs). The terminal averages 30 container moves per gang per hour on vessels. Ship turnaround time is less than an hour with proper documentation. The terminal has five 1,000-ft container berths, and a sixth berth is scheduled for completion in early 1996. The terminal has 20 rubber-tired gantry and 10 wharf cranes. The terminal's 203 acres of marshaling area can accommodate more than 21,500 TEUs and 532 refrigerated units. Space is available for more than 4,000 wheeled units. Also available are a RO/RO platform, a LASH dock, two 100,000-sq ft transit sheds and 44 acres of RO/RO marshaling area. A rail ramp is located near the 55,000-sq ft container freight station. For trucks the terminal has 21 truck lanes and 12 scales. The original concept for BCT is still intact: to develop flexible and efficient facilities in time to meet market demands and to remain as cost conscious as possible. The ultimate goal is to provide customers with the best service for the lowest possible price. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Berthing facilities KW - Capacity KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Container terminals KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Equipment KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Intermodal rail facilities KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Operating environment KW - Port of Houston KW - Railroads KW - Truck facilities KW - Turnaround time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463189 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723850 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schiffer, E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - COMPETITION BETWEEN EUROPEAN PORTS AND THE EFFECT ON INTERMODAL DEVELOPMENT PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 137-147 AB - Following a brief review of the structural changes in general cargo shipping over the last three decades, which culminated in the transition in Europe and North America from sea-route to land-route operations or intermodal transport, this paper presents a picture of intermodal transport in Europe today. The intermodal operations at the ports of Bremen and Bremerhaven are discussed in particular. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Europe KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal operations KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Port of Bremen KW - Port of Bremerhaven UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463185 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723848 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Nixon, N AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NEW PAVING DESIGNS AND MATERIALS - BREAKING AWAY FROM TRADITION PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 122-128 AB - This paper addresses recent developments in design methods for heavy-duty port paving and the cost-effectiveness of new technologies in pavement materials. The process of pavement design requires a comprehensive study of all factors that relate to the pavement's performance. These considerations are reviewed by citing examples of ongoing work undertaken by Nigel Nixon and Partners, including projects at the Port of Virginia, Port of Oakland, Port of Seattle, and Port of Jamaica. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Heavy duty pavements KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Materials KW - Pavement design KW - Pavement performance KW - Pavements KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463183 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723846 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Zimmer, R N AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DESIGNING INTERMODAL TERMINALS FOR EFFICIENCY PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 99-109 AB - The introduction of the double-stack container train in the mid-1980s brought railroads back to the waterfront at a level of activity that had not been observed before. Since that time, the term "intermodal" has become synonymous with the ubiquitous "box". Much effort has gone into speeding the movement of these containers from point A to point B, whether by water, rail, highway, or air. Seaports, airports, and railroads have worked to make the interface among transportation modes an integral part of the shipping system. For some, the search was for the ideal terminal that could be built on any piece of land and that would solve all modal interface problems. Sadly, no such treasure was found. Instead we find that the ideal terminal is not a certain physical configuration of pavement and tracks, but an organization of services integrated with a physical plant that meets the business needs of a specific marketplace. These physical plants may take many forms, which are influenced by the characteristics of the landscape, their proximity to the marine terminal or major industrial complex, their location relative to the mainline railroads, and their distance from the country's highway network. This paper looks at the early development of the modern intermodal terminal and the improvements made during the periods of rapid growth. It evaluates some facilities that work well and some that do not and explores the reasons why. The paper addresses current developments in equipment and labor use, reviews marine intermodal terminals and inland terminals, looks at the requirements of both good rubber-tired and steel-wheeled access to the terminal, and sets forth some guidelines for future intermodal terminal development, including the development of an inland seaport. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Development KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Equipment KW - Guidelines KW - Inland seaports KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Labor KW - River ports KW - Structural design KW - Terminal design KW - Terminal development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463181 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723839 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Helberg, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OPERATING ENVIRONMENT FOR TODAY'S PORTS PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 21-30 AB - Historically, ports have functioned without much direct involvement by the federal government or the general public. Recent, increased public scrutiny and tight budgets at the federal, state, and local levels have created a maze of political, financial, and legislative obstacles for ports to overcome to successfully develop and operate their facilities. Given this fiscal and political climate, ports face a serious dilemma in convincing local voters and governments of their genuine need for public support, particularly in the area of financing major capital programs. U.S. public ports are finding the business of facilitating waterborne commerce more and more susceptible to public pressures, primarily at the local level, with no one at the federal level advocating the importance of ports and the need to resolve the ports' problems. Although projects to provide efficient landside access to ports and keep navigation channels open for international trade are in the national interest, they are often held hostage by local government or local interest groups that are not concerned with the needs of the nation as a whole. In the face of these challenges, ports, the maritime community, and port user groups have begun to reach out to the public, community, and specific interest groups to assure them that there are widespread benefits generated by port development, and in particular, that environmental values will be preserved. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Development KW - Environmental protection KW - Financing KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Landside access KW - Operating environment KW - Political factors KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Waterside access UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463174 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723842 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Eakland, P B AU - Roddin, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT FOR THE 1994 UPDATE OF THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA SEAPORT PLAN PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 54-65 AB - This paper discusses the development of the 1994 update of the San Francisco Bay Area Seaport Plan, the primary purpose of which is to designate adequate sites to meet marine freight forecasts up to 2020. Strong pressures always exist to develop nonmaritime uses along the waterfront, and unless curbed, there might not be enough flat land available with good road and rail access and that is adjacent to deep water. This technical analysis is leading up to the presentation of recommendations to an advisory group, the Seaport Planning Advisory Committee, which will hear testimony and make recommendations to both the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) and the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC). BCDC may include the recommendations in a plan that is used to manage all development in San Francisco Bay. MTC's use of the seaport plan is primarily related to intermodal tasks. The update's results will help MTC make fund allocation decisions for port access projects. This update will be the second update since the original plan was approved in 1982. The Bay Area Seaport Plan focuses on seaport facilities available for the handling of public cargo. Included are facilities that handle containerized, break-bulk, neo-bulk, dry-bulk, and nonpetroleum liquid-bulk freight. Many issues addressed in the technical analysis leading to preliminary recommendations of site designation occur in other U.S. ports, but several are unique to the Bay Area. This paper discusses each of the major issues individually, how they were addressed during the technical analysis, and interactions with local governments. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Development KW - Fund allocations KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Landside access KW - Modernization KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Recommendations KW - San Francisco Bay Area Seaport Plan KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463177 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723847 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lotz, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ELIZABETH PORT AUTHORITY MARINE TERMINAL PERMANENT EXPRESSRAIL INTERMODAL TERMINAL PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 110-121 AB - In December 1991, the board of commissioners of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey approved funds for final design and construction of a new on-dock rail terminal, to be located at the Elizabeth Port Authority Marine Terminal. Initially planned for a throughput capacity approaching 125,000 marine containers annually, the new facility will be expandable in modules of about 50,000 units each. A pilot facility, operated by ExpressRail, in concert with a range of other rail cost-cutting measures, had already produced encouraging results. The port's rail intermodal volume, which had languished at fewer than 20,000 units annually only 3 years earlier, had nearly quadrupled by the end of 1991. By the first quarter of 1994, the interim facility's capacity was being taxed severely, and temporary capacity had to be added until the new construction project could be completed. Although it was a significant factor, the on-dock rail facility alone was not responsible for all the growth. Many other elements, some external and some controllable, combined to produce the unprecedented growth in the port's rail business. This paper seeks to describe the environment in which this growth took place; the planning process, which resulted in the design for the new facility; how the new facility's location was selected; and how the type of operation and loading equipment to be used was ultimately determined. Perhaps most important, the paper seeks to convey that the terminal is justified largely on the basis of business, which had already developed as a result of the pilot project, with guardedly optimistic projections and provisions for future expansion. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Capacity KW - Conferences KW - Equipment KW - Future growth KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Intermodal rail facilities KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Location KW - Operating environment KW - Pilot projects KW - Pilot studies KW - Planning KW - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey KW - Railroads KW - Urban growth UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463182 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723849 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - D'Hondt, E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AUTOMATION OF A STRADDLE-CARRIER OPERATION PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 130-136 AB - Hessenatie, Antwerp's major stevedoring company, had a market share of 45% of the port's general cargo traffic in 1993. In addition, 900,000 boxes were handled at the port's various terminals. The riverside Scheldt Container Terminal (to date the only Antwerp terminal outside the locks) is the most recent facility to be built. Opened in 1990, the terminal handled 223,000 containers in the first half of 1994, using six super-Panamax gantries. This report discusses productivity at the Scheldt Terminal, automation, the Container Terminal Control System, and operational results. In conclusion, it is pointed out that cost-effective automation today is still confined to administration and planning, while automation of the physical handling of containers is to be considered only under the following conditions: cargo flow is stable over the project period; present service levels are maintained and even enhanced, particularly in unpredictable peak conditions; and the cost-efficiency of the automated terminal is increased. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Antwerp (Belgium) KW - Automation KW - Capacity KW - Conferences KW - Container terminals KW - Control systems KW - Equipment KW - Intermodal terminal control systems KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Operational effectiveness KW - Operations KW - Productivity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463184 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723836 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERMODAL FREIGHT TERMINAL OF THE FUTURE PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - 278 p. AB - This Circular contains the papers presented at the third national conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the Future. The papers describe the state-of-the-practice in management issues and technology issues as perceived by leaders in North American and European terminal planning. The papers are organized according to the following topics: Global Economics and Forecasting for Tomorrow's Terminal; The Terminal's Operating Environment; Landside and Shoreside Partnerships; Intermodal Terminal Design; European Perspectives; Terminal Planning and Operations in Transition, Part A and Part B; Information Technologies; and New Directions. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Europe KW - Forecasting KW - Freight terminals KW - Globalization KW - Information technology KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Management KW - North America KW - Operational analysis KW - Operations KW - Partnerships KW - Planning KW - State of the art studies KW - Structural design KW - Technology KW - Terminal design UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trcircular/459/459.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463171 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723838 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ansary, H J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NORTH AMERICAN PORTS AND THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF WORLD MARKETS PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 12-19 AB - In North America, the concept of a national market is fast disappearing and is being replaced by a larger continental market. This already has affected trade and transportation links within North America and between North America and other regions of the world. In this global environment, transportation is becoming an increasingly important factor in commercial success. Manufacturers increasingly are seeking global sourcing. Intermediary products and services are ordered from different sites from around the world, based on a desired combination of price and quality. A nearby source is now competing with those from afar. Efficient transportation and logistics services are critical variables that can make or break the success of such arrangements. In the coming years developments in transportation and logistics services will continue to change traditional distribution systems to fit new trading patterns that meet shippers' needs. The time will come, in the not-too-distant future, when some of today's critical intermodal freight corridors within North America will establish the path for an integrated continental transportation system capable of serving Canada, the United States, and Mexico. From a port perspective, we find that we are facing a new and ever-more challenging competitive environment. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Competition KW - Conferences KW - Distribution systems KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Global sourcing KW - Intermodal terminals KW - International KW - International competition KW - International markets KW - Logistics KW - North America KW - Physical distribution KW - Ports KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463173 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723843 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Selness, C L AU - Barton, J E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MINNESOTA INTERMODAL REGIONAL TERMINAL PROJECT PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 66-73 AB - A growing portion of the commodities produced and consumed in the Twin Cities region is transported via containers that are interchanged directly among railways, trucks, and steamship lines. This is known as intermodal freight transportation. Efficient freight transportation is a key element enabling businesses to maintain their competitiveness in a global economy. Growth in the use of truck-rail intermodal freight services in the Twin Cities region is being threatened by capacity limits and locations of current facilities. The growing scale of intermodal freight handling requires a higher level of cooperation between the public and private sectors as these services work to combine both the efficiencies of public highways and private railway networks. A public-private partnership was formed to ensure that decisions for future investments in intermodal facilities and services are timely and focused on serving the entire Twin Cities region. This partnership consists of the region's planning and transportation agencies, the Metropolitan Council and the Minnesota Department of Transportation, as well as railroad intermodal freight service providers to the region, Burlington Northern and the CP Rail System. The partnership may expand as the process to identify regional intermodal terminal needs moves forward. In 1994 the partnership studied future terminal capacity needs and identified the principal terminal alternatives to serve the intermodal industry. The results of this study will form the basis for further action to address identified terminal capacity needs. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Capacity KW - Conferences KW - Freight terminals KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Location KW - Minneapolis (Minnesota) KW - Needs assessment KW - Public private partnerships KW - Saint Paul (Minnesota) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463178 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723845 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Vandeveer, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERMODAL RAIL FACILITY DESIGN FOR THE NEXT CENTURY PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 88-98 AB - Intermodal rail-handling facilities must be designed for long-term effectiveness. In addition, the importance of planning and designing intermodal rail facilities cannot be overemphasized from a land-use and master planning perspective. The constraints of accommodating intermodal's large track radii and adequate numbers and lengths of access, storage, and working tracks for trains, which are often more than 1 mi long, must take on a primary significance in overall land planning and transportation systems design. This expensive infrastructure may be difficult or impossible to modify in the future. Therefore, in designing intermodal rail facilities, it is important to get it right the first time. This paper explores the key factors and design guidelines that should be considered to ensure that intermodal rail facilities designed today will remain effective well into the next century. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Guidelines KW - Intermodal facilities KW - Intermodal rail facilities KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Land use planning KW - Long term KW - Railroads KW - Structural design KW - Terminal design KW - Time duration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463180 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723837 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Compton, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE ROLE OF INTERMODALISM IN FUTURE MILITARY MOBILIZATIONS PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 7-11 AB - This paper addresses the following questions as they relate to the role of intermodalism in future military mobilizations: How do we respond to future contingencies? How large a force must be mobilized? How do we get the divisions to the ports? Concerning the sealift, what types of vessels are required and how many are needed? What are the features of the ideal intermodal marine terminal? How can the intermodalism industry help? As the military transporters look to the future, they try to imagine what changes that future will bring. The commercial sealift industry is changing. The terminals of today are significantly different from those of yesterday and tomorrow's terminals will change even more. The military must work with industry to ensure these changes will offer solutions to the military deployment problem, not greater challenges. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Military mobilizations KW - Military organizations KW - Military personnel KW - Military requirements KW - Military sealift KW - Military transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463172 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723844 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Nozick, L K AU - Turnquist, M A AU - List, G F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRADE PATTERN ESTIMATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 74-86 AB - The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) established the largest free trade zone in the world, with a population of more than 360 million people. To evaluate potential investments in intermodal terminals near the U.S.-Mexican border--terminals that will handle the escalation in trade that is likely to result from NAFTA--transportation planners must understand current trade patterns. Unfortunately, most data required to achieve this understanding are considered confidential between the shipper and the government customs agency. However, both the governments of Mexico and the United States do release summaries of these shipment data. This paper presents a method for estimating commodity-based origin-destination matrices based on these summaries. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Commodity flow KW - Commodity flow patterns KW - Conferences KW - Data analysis KW - Estimating KW - Intermodal terminals KW - International borders KW - International trade KW - Mathematical analysis KW - North American Free Trade Agreement KW - Origin and destination KW - United States-Mexico Border UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463179 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723840 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sheppard, E J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OBSTACLES TO PORT OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT: DREDGING AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 31-42 AB - Steps must be taken to prevent environmental protection laws from choking U.S. ports and crippling the nation's capacity to engage in maritime commerce. It would be catastrophic if the United States were unable to capitalize on the liberalization of international trade because of well-intentioned environmental regulations that not only are allowing the nation's navigable channels to be filled with silt but also are draining limited development funds. Legislative action is urgently required to ensure a balanced administration of U.S. environmental laws. The severity of the crisis facing U.S. ports is familiar to anyone involved in any aspect of the industry, from port administrators and dock workers to shipping line managers. A poll conducted by the American Association of Port Authorities indicates that as port planners and administrators look to the next century, they are most concerned with "coming up with the money to pay for facility development, dealing with environmental regulations and getting timely dredging approvals". These concerns are interrelated with the costs of meeting environmental regulations placing increasing demands on port budgets. This paper examines a number of the most severe regulatory constraints in practice, discusses the status of recent reform proposals, and suggests some reforms in existing practice and law. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Development KW - Dredging KW - Environmental protection KW - Financing KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Laws KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Regulatory reform UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463175 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723841 JO - Transportation Research Circular PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Frazier, C AU - Aeppli, A AU - Martland, C D AU - NORRIS, B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ANALYSIS OF INTERMODAL TERMINAL HIGHWAY ACCESS TO ECONOMIC ACTIVITY CENTERS PY - 1996/06 IS - 459 SP - p. 43-52 AB - An area of increasing concern to policy makers is the relationship among intermodal service, terminal location, and the surrounding highway network. Closely tied to these is the need for a better understanding of their impact on the relative costs of intermodal versus single-mode freight movements. To gain insight into this, the authors undertook a series of structured interviews with providers of intermodal services and incorporated the information provided into a simple cost model. The model allows the analyst to examine the boundary conditions between intermodal and highway shipments and to explore how costs affect factors such as terminal location, access difficulty, and shipper distribution about the terminal. Using the model, three cases were evaluated: (A) variations in customer location, (B) variations in the type of customer pickup and delivery, and (C) changes in terminal efficiency. Cost data were obtained through the shipper surveys; information on catchment areas gathered through a study of the I-95 corridor along the eastern seaboard between the mid-Atlantic states, Jacksonville, Florida, and Atlanta, Georgia; and other sources. In all cases, it became apparent that the drayage and terminal inefficiencies that can be readily absorbed in long-haul moves--1500 to 2000 km (900 to 1200 mi)--cannot be absorbed in the short-haul markets that were studied. Results also identified the importance of the proximity of an intermodal terminal to a shipper. Terminal congestion was found to be a factor in short-haul markets, in which lengthy delays can eliminate the cost benefits of intermodal movement of freight. U1 - National Conference on the Intermodal Freight Terminal of the FutureMaritime Administration and Transportation Research Board.New Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Maritime Administration and Transportation Research Board. KW - Conferences KW - Cost data KW - Cost models KW - Costs KW - Economic activity centers KW - Freight transportation KW - Highways KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Landside access KW - Short haul KW - Terminal congestion KW - Terminal location KW - Traffic congestion UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trcircular/459/459-007.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463176 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00729951 AU - Maritime Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF PORT, TERMINAL AND NAVIGATION IMPACTS RESULTING FROM THE 1993 UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOOD PY - 1996/03 SP - 109 p. AB - The primary objective of the study was to assess the impacts of the 1993 flood on the port and terminal facilities located along the closed waterways, and to determine the extent of infrastructure damage to transportation facilities that provide access to these ports and terminals. An additional objective was to analyze the responses of port and terminal operators to the 1995 flood and compare them to the lessons learned from the '93 event. KW - Damage assessment KW - Flood damage KW - Infrastructure damage KW - Loss and damage KW - Marine safety KW - Maritime safety KW - Port operations KW - Waterway facility operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/465946 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00866602 AU - Allen, S J AU - BENTZ, A P AU - National Technical Information Service AU - U.S. COAST GUARD RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTER IN COOPERATION WITH THE U.S. MARITIME ADMINISTRATION. TI - MARINE EXHAUST EMISSIONS MEASUREMENT OF THE M/V KINGS POINTER. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air KW - Environmental impacts KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630644 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00864190 AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF PORT, TERMINAL AND NAVIGATION IMPACTS RESULTING FROM THE 1993 UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOOD FINAL REPORT.. PY - 1996 IS - PB96-165360 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Economic factors KW - Economic impacts KW - Flood damage KW - Inland water transportation KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Mississippi River Valley UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/630217 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00724945 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - 1995 STATUS OF THE NATION'S SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: CONDITION AND PERFORMANCE. REPORT TO CONGRESS. A SUMMARY PY - 1996 SP - 60 p. AB - This publication provides a summary of the "1995 Status of the Nation's Surface Transportation System: Condition and Performance Report to Congress". It is presented in two parts. The first contains material on highway and transit facilities, while the second covers the maritime industry. Part I begins with a discussion of highway and transit system and user characteristics. The second chapter provides information on highway and transit finance. The third chapter provides an indication of how well the highway and transit systems are working. The next chapter provides estimates of the investment required, by all units of government, to either maintain or improve the condition and performance of the highway and transit systems over the next 20 years. These estimates are expressed as average annual requirements, that is the 20-year investment total divided by 20 years. The final chapter in Part I provides a linkage between the 20-year investment estimates and actual recent capital outlays by all units of government for highway, bridge, and transit capital improvements. Part II summarizes information describing the maritime system. Material is also provided on system condition and performance. This section does not provide estimates of future investment requirements. This summary report contains a number of boxes labeled "Drawing Conclusions" that provide background information that may be useful in interpreting the report's statistical information. KW - Characteristics KW - Finance KW - Highway systems KW - Highways KW - Investments KW - Maritime industry KW - Performance KW - Public transit KW - Shipbuilding KW - User characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/460609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00860714 AU - Maritime Administration TI - OUTLOOK FOR THE U.S. SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR INDUSTRY, 1996. PY - 1996 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Contracts KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyards KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/523081 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723865 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Huerta, M P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. KEYNOTE ADDRESS SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 11-16 AB - This keynote address briefly reviews the first conference on intermodal transportation that took place in Irvine, California, in 1992 and addressed the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) and intermodal planning, then discusses the progress that has been made in the continuing evolution of intermodalism. The achievements of the Department of Transportation in three areas - advancing the intermodal agenda, funding for intermodal projects, and changes in the intermodal regulatory environment - are highlighted. In conclusion, areas of future focus are identified. These are funding for intermodal projects, analytic tools, and roles and relationships. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Data needs KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Implementation KW - Information organization KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Partnerships KW - Planning KW - Policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463200 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723867 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Donohue, T J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. REPORT FROM THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION BY COMMISSION MEMBER THOMAS J. DONOHUE SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 20-23 AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) established a National Commission on Intermodal Transportation to study the status of intermodal standardization, intermodal impacts on public works infrastructure, legal impediments to efficient intermodal transportation, financial issues, new technologies, problems in documenting intermodal transfers of freight, research and development needs, and the relationship of intermodal transportation to productivity. This paper presents a report on the work of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation by Commission Member Thomas J. Donohue, President and CEO of American Trucking Associations, Inc. Mr. Donohue comments on the commission's report and recent political and market realities that contradict or support it, and on the conference presentations. He notes, in particular, the following four recommendations: support for the National Highway System and intermodal connectors (roads that connect to a rail, air, or water terminal); coordination between transportation, environmental, and related health and regulatory policies; the application of new technology for processing freight across the United States-Mexico and United States-Canada international borders; and changes in the rules that govern federal and state procurement processes for transportation. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Connectivity KW - Coordination KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International borders KW - Markets KW - National commission on intermodal transportation KW - National Highway System KW - National transportation policies KW - Political factors KW - Procurement KW - Recommendations KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation policy KW - United States KW - United States-Canada Border KW - United States-Mexico Border UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463202 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723863 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994 SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - 260 p. AB - These proceedings are organized as follows: Executive Summary; Plenary Session 1, containing the keynote address and reports from the members of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation; Luncheon Presentations; Plenary Sessions 2 through 9, some containing an issue overview, with case studies supporting the theme of the session; An appendix with poster session case studies and corporate profiles; and A listing of conference participants. The case studies developed by the participants are snapshots of progress toward realizing intermodal systems, snapshots ranging from policy funding innovations to technical solutions. The proceedings provide a workbook of ideas and a directory of diverse national initiatives upon which to draw. All speeches are not quoted here; rather, session summaries and case study templates are presented. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463198 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723871 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Patin, JWP AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. SESSION 3: STATE SAMPLER. ISSUE OVERVIEW SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 61-63 AB - This issue overview for the conference session entitled State Sampler gives an overview of what the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development is doing toward the development of an intermodal transportation infrastructure system. Louisiana was one of six states awarded a $3 million grant by the U.S. Department of Transportation to develop a prototype intermodal transportation master plan. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Louisiana KW - Master plans KW - Prototypes KW - State departments of transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463206 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723872 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dahms, L D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. SESSION 4: MPOS REENGINEERING FOR INTERMODALISM. ISSUE OVERVIEW SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 98-99 AB - This issue overview of the conference session entitled MPOs Reengineering for Intermodalism discusses how the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) progressed from a project to a systems approach, which produced the Metropolitan Transportation System, and the progress the MTC is making in addressing freight and intermodal issues; examines the unresolved problems that threaten to mask this progress and that of similar efforts; and offers reasons why the conventional wisdom, which says that the local orientation of MPOs may stand in the way of intermodal investments, is misdirected. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Metropolitan planning organizations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463207 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723873 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Huerta, M P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. CLOSING REMARKS SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 187-188 AB - These closing remarks comment on deregulation as the initiator of intermodalism, on how we must not lose sight of the fact that intermodalism is providing transportation service for the benefit of its customers, on the need to celebrate accomplishments and seize opportunities, and on the theme of continuous improvement. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Customer service KW - Deregulation KW - Improvements KW - Intermodal transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463208 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723869 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - REES, J H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EUROPEAN UNION PERSPECTIVE SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 31-36 AB - This conference presentation gives the European perspective on intermodal transport, or what Europeans call combined-transport. It is pointed out that, whereas in the United States intermodalism was developed on the basis that it would increase the efficiency of the transport system as a whole, in terms of its rate of return, in the European Union (EU) it was developed to satisfy the demand for transport and to do so in an environmentally friendly way. Another difference is that, unlike in the United States, in the EU most goods move over short distances. Thus the EU needs an intermodal transport system that has the same quality and cost as the road alternative. To provide this, the EU is developing integrated planning, or a trans-European network for combined-transport. The problem in doing this is that the railway systems in the EU are run individually, by each nation, and have never really been interested in the international business. One of the areas that the EU is developing is automated terminals. Another is the technology for transferring pallets very rapidly. The EU has a high-speed rail network for passenger transport well under way, which will free up capacity for freight trains on the conventional system. The EU has 11 designs of road railers up and running, a hub system called Commeter, and a research program ready to start for the development of new technologies, particularly in intermodal. In conclusion, it is stated that both the United States and the EU have ideas and solutions for intermodal transport that need to be shared in order to advance intermodalism as a whole. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Automation KW - Conferences KW - Cooperation KW - Development KW - Dual mode vehicles KW - European Commission KW - European Union KW - High speed rail KW - Hubs KW - Integrated planning KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International KW - International compacts KW - Pallet transfer KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Road railers KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463204 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723864 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, M D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 1-7 AB - This second conference on intermodalism emphasized examples of effective intermodal project and plan implementation. This executive summary highlights the key observations and messages that emerged from this conference. Given the long-term, evolutionary perspective toward intermodalism adopted by the conference, these summary comments should be considered a point of departure for further consideration of intermodalism in the context of transportation planning and decision making. Concepts needing further exploration were identified. Intermodalism was viewed fundamentally as a dynamic process, one that responds to opportunities for improving the transportation system in a changing world. In summary, the conference was another step in the process of developing a true intermodal transportation system. The key concepts discussed there provide guidance on how intermodalism can be successfully incorporated into planning and investment decisions. The following global themes emerged from the conference presentations: not business as usual; partnerships; total-trip perspective; market-driven planning; customer orientation; rethinking roles and responsibilities; funding; importance of linkage; consideration of intermodalism at all levels: policy, planning, design, and operations; technology innovation; and intermodalism as opportunity. Intermodalism was viewed by many conference participants as an opportunity to improve the efficiency of the transportation system and, ultimately, to benefit society in a variety of ways. Several case studies described these benefits, which included economic, environmental, safety, and quality of life benefits. Concerning implementation, the conference presentations pointed to strategies for and approaches to project implementation that proved successful for particular situations. Presentations related to three areas: systemwide/areawide approaches, corridor or subarea applications, and site-specific strategies. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463199 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723866 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Canby, A P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. REPORT FROM THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION BY COMMISSION MEMBER ANNE P. CANBY SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 17-20 AB - The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) established a National Commission on Intermodal Transportation to study the status of intermodal standardization, intermodal impacts on public works infrastructure, legal impediments to efficient intermodal transportation, financial issues, new technologies, problems in documenting intermodal transfers of freight, research and development needs, and the relationship of intermodal transportation to productivity. This paper presents a report on the work of the National Commission on Intermodal Transportation by Commission Member Anne P. Canby, Delaware Secretary of Transportation. Mrs. Canby points out that a guiding light for the commission was Secretary Pena's remarks on integrating all modes of transportation into a seamless system. She comments on the commission's many discussions, including those on the benefits of intermodalism and on the opportunities available through intermodalism, and remarks on the three basic areas on which recommendations were focused - making efficient intermodal transportation the goal of federal policy, increasing investment in intermodal transportation and strategically focusing any increased investment in that area, and restructuring government institutions to support intermodal transportation. She highlights the commission's recommendations in each of these areas. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Benefits KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Investments KW - National commission on intermodal transportation KW - National transportation policies KW - Recommendations KW - Restructuring KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463201 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723868 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Porter, M M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE CHALLENGE OF MANAGING AN INTERMODAL SYSTEM SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 27-30 AB - This conference presentation addresses the past, present, and future of intermodal transportation in the United States, and discusses the role of CSX Intermodal in the intermodal transportation arena. In conclusion, it is stated that private industry and the government have to be innovative in meeting the nation's freight and transportation needs for the future, and all must have the determination, persistence, and will to make intermodal transportation in this country successful. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Governments KW - Innovation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Management KW - Private enterprise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463203 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00723870 JO - Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Borrone, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERMODALISM: MAKING THE CASE, MAKING IT HAPPEN, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, DECEMBER 7-9, 1994. SESSION 2: INTERMODAL HUB FACILITIES AND CORRIDORS. ISSUE OVERVIEW AND WRAP-UP REMARKS SN - 030906211X PY - 1996 IS - 11 SP - p. 41-43,56 AB - This issue overview for the conference session entitled Intermodal Hub Facilities and Corridors stresses the progress being made in hub facility and corridor projects, highlights the obstacles that must be overcome, and comments on the vision for intermodal services in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). The Wrap-Up Remarks comment on the opportunity to realize the vision set forth under ISTEA and on the things that can be done to achieve intermodal nirvana. U1 - National Conference on Intermodalism: Making the Case, Making It HappenFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Railroad AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationMaritime AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationNew Orleans, Louisiana StartDate:19941207 EndDate:19941209 Sponsors:Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Maritime Administration, Federal Highway Administration KW - Conferences KW - Hubs KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/463205 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00712501 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON PORT AND SHIPPING SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PY - 1995/10 IS - 37 SP - 35 p. AB - This report is part of a series of quarterly reports concerning safety and environmental protection matters related to ports and shipping. Some highlights covered are: The Conference of Parties to the 1978 International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers was held at the International Maritime Organization Headquarters in London from June 26 July 27, 1995. On May 22, 1995, President Clinton signed Public Law 104-13 cited as the "Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995". The EPA issued a final rule concerning air pollution standards for marine tank vessel loading operations. During September 1995, the National Research Council released a report entitled, "Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans: Controlling Garbage and Plastic Wastes at Sea". KW - Environment KW - Harbors KW - Loading vessels KW - Plastics KW - Pollution KW - Ports KW - Refuse KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/447934 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676985 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON PORT AND SHIPPING SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PY - 1995/04 IS - 35 AB - Some highlights of this report are: (1) The 64th session of the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC 64) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) was held at IMO Headquarters in London from December 5-9, 1994. (2) On December 6, 1994, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed standards (40 CFR part 63) which would limit emissions of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) from surface coating operations from any new or existing shipbuilding and ship repair facilities at a major sources. (3) On December 6, 1994, the EPA proposed amendments to its rules (40 CFR part 761) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). (4) On Decmber 29, 1994, the Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA), U.S. Department of Transportation, issued a final rule which amends the Hazardous Materials Regulations to maintain alignment with corresponding provisions of international standards. KW - Air pollution KW - Atmosphere KW - Hazardous atmospheres KW - Hazards KW - International Maritime Organization KW - Marine safety KW - Port operations KW - Safety KW - Toxic coatings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/423198 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00675204 AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOMESTIC WATERBORNE TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES - 1992 PY - 1995/01 SP - 76 p. AB - This publication contains data on the flow of domestic waterborne commerce in the United States, with the purpose of promoting awareness of the scale, diversity, and vitality of that commerce. It is based on data initially collected by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and furnished to the Maritime Administration through interagency agreement. This edition contains data for calendar year 1992. Following the introduction, the report is organized in four parts, as follows: (1) Profile; (2) Domestic Ocean Trade; (3) Great Lakes; and (4) Inland Waterways Trade. KW - Commodities KW - Data KW - Districts and authorities KW - Domestic KW - Domestic ocean districts KW - Domestic waterborne commerce KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland waterways KW - Oceans KW - Tonnage KW - Trade KW - United States KW - Water traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/412234 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00929774 AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. EXPORTS & IMPORTS TRANSSHIPPED VIA CANADIAN PORTS - 1995 PY - 1995 SP - 51 p. AB - The report summarizes U.S. cargo that moved via Canada in 1995. Summaries show U.S. transshipped cargo through Canada in historical perspective, by customs district, by country, and by leading Harmonized 4-digit commodity codes. Appendixes provide summaries of trade by country within customs districts. Additional appendixes contain reports of leading 4-digit Harmonized commodity movements by U.S. customs districts. A brief description of the methodology used in deriving the transshipped cargo value and estimating its weight is included in a section following the summary tables and charts. In addition to the report, the source database is available upon request from the Maritime Administration in computerized dBase format in 4-digit and 6-digit Harmonized code detail. KW - Canada KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo ships KW - Commodities by type KW - Customs administration KW - Shipping KW - Trade routes KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/719324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00741153 AU - Federal Transit Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - 1995 STATUS OF THE NATION'S SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: CONDITIONS AND PERFORMANCE. REPORT TO CONGRESS PY - 1995 SP - 400 p. AB - This 1995 Status of the Nation's Surface Transportation System: Condition and Performance report is divided into six chapters and four appendices. This is the second in a series of combined documents on the condition, performance and capital investment requirements of the nation's highway, transit and maritime, waterborne transportation systems. Key topics addressed are personal travel behavior, including demographic and economic trends; highway, bridge and transit system usage characteristics; finance; system conditions and performance; future investment requirements, and waterborne transportation, including world and U.S. fleets, port infrastructure, oceanborne trade, ship production, environmental issues, port access and the federal role. The report highlights the need to maintain a strong and efficient intermodal system along with a commitment to infrastructure investment. KW - Capital investments KW - Condition surveys KW - Demographics KW - Economic factors KW - Ground transportation KW - Improvements KW - Maintenance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Travel behavior KW - Waterborne transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573761 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00854344 AU - SEIDMAN, DANIEL AU - GEARHART, ELIZABETH AU - Maritime Administration TI - OUTLOOK FOR THE U.S. SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR INDUSTRY, 1995. PY - 1995 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Contracts KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyards KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/520925 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00674303 AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE DREDGING PROCESS IN THE UNITED STATES: AN ACTION PLAN FOR IMPROVEMENT. REPORT TO THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION PY - 1994/12 SP - 52 p. AB - This report on the dredging process in the United States is presented in six sections. Section 1 provides background information on ports and dredging. Section 2 discusses the dredging project review process and points out problems. Section 3 looks at the Interagency Working Group on the Dredging Process and its objectives. Section 4 presents the findings and principles of the Working Group with regard to national dredging policy. Section 5 contains the Working Group's action plan for improvement. A total of 18 recommendations for improvement are presented in four areas: dredging and dredged material management planning mechanisms, the project review process, scientific understanding of dredging activities, and funding methods. Section 6 contains concluding remarks. KW - Dredged materials KW - Dredging KW - Environmental protection KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Improvements KW - Interagency Working Group on the Dredging Process KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Ports KW - Problem identification KW - Project management KW - Project review KW - Recommendations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411921 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00676984 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON PORT AND SHIPPING SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PY - 1994/10 IS - 33 SP - 35 p. AB - This 33rd quarterly report on safety and environmental protection matters related to ports and shipping includes the following highlights: (1) the 72nd session of the Council (C 72) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) was held at IMO Headquarters in London from June 13-17, 1994. (2) On July 29, 1994, the U.S. Department of State announced that the U.S. had signed an agreement that reforms the deep seabed mining provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). (3) On July 1, 1994, the coast Guard, U.S. Department of Transportation, promulgated interim regulations to implement legislative provisions concerning financial responsibility for water pollution from vessels. (4) On August 11, 1994, the U.S. EPA announced the designation of a deep ocean dredged material disposal site located off San Francisco, CA. KW - Dredged materials KW - Dredging KW - Environmental protection KW - Marine safety KW - Maritime law KW - Ocean bottom soils KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Oil spills KW - Port operations KW - Safety KW - Sea bed KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/421494 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00675741 AU - National Ports and Waterways Inst. AU - Maritime Administration TI - INTERMODAL OPERATION OF OCEAN GOING VESSELS AND THE FEASIBILITY OF SHORT SEA VESSEL OPERATION. MARITIME SYSTEM OF THE AMERICAS STUDY; FINAL REPT PY - 1994/10 SP - 200 p. AB - The Maritime System of the Americas (MSA) refers to the waterway system that connects central and eastern portions of the United States and Canada to the central and eastern portions of Mexico, the Caribbean countries, Central America, and the Northern rim of South America. The MSA research program was divided into two principal phases. The first phase addressed river/ocean operations. This second phase addresses the potential for conventional and short sea shipping as well as intermodal operations of the study region. For general cargo, land transportation, especially trucking, is the dominant system serving the region. The restructuring and trade growth within the NAFTA region presents an opportunity for water transportation to increase its market share of cargo movements and attract more general cargo volume. Increase in volume is expected for existing services, such as deep sea, coastal, and feeder operations. Additionally, new types of services are emerging, such as river/ocean and trailer ferry operations. Specifically, cost modeling suggests that intermodal movement of domestic trailers, with inclusion of a RoRo ferry has cost and logistics advantages over other transportation options and, therefore, has potential to significantly expand market penetration into the eastern/central regions of both Mexico and the U.S. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo transportation KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Exports KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Ferries KW - Freight transportation KW - Highway transportation KW - Imports KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International trade KW - Market research KW - Merchant vessels KW - Mexico KW - Ports KW - Railroad transportation KW - Studies KW - Transportation KW - Transportation studies KW - United States KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/412493 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00674312 AU - Maritime Administration TI - A REPORT TO CONGRESS ON THE STATUS OF THE PUBLIC PORTS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1992-1993 PY - 1994/10 SP - 72 p. AB - This report covers the U.S. public port industry's economic activities and issues for calendar years 1992 and 1993. U.S. ports handle over 95% of the Nation's foreign commerce and nearly a billion tons of domestic commerce. The trade that flows through the port system provides significant benefits to the U.S. economy at all levels--local, regional, and national. The first section of this report provides an overview of the U.S. public port industry. It addresses five fundamental areas that provide a picture of this industry's economic importance and current capabilities. The first area describes the industry's national economic impact based on 1992 activity. The second area details the volume and composition of the waterborne commerce handled by our port system. The third area profiles the port facilities that handle the foreign and domestic commerce. The fourth area reviews the industry's capital investments in shoreside infrastructure and the funding sources used to finance this development program. The final area of this section provides a view of the port industry's financial strength based on a recently completed survey by the industry. The second section of this report discusses the key issues facing the U.S. port industry. The most noticeable aspect of this subject is the complexity and broad range of issues. The industry's major concerns focus on financing facility development, environmental regulation, and dredging, which includes dredged material disposal. Other issues relate to improving intermodal access to terminals and Federal user fees. The final section describes several related developments of interest or concern to the port industry. This year's report includes matters pertaining to the 1993 Midwest flood, trade within North America, and national defense. KW - Access KW - Capital investments KW - Dredged materials KW - Dredging KW - Economic activity KW - Economic benefits KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic impacts KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Financial analysis KW - Financial sources KW - Industries KW - Infrastructure KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Marine terminals KW - Midwestern States KW - National defense KW - North american trade KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Public port industry KW - Trade KW - User charges KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411930 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01105052 AU - Halliburton NUS Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - Environmental Analysis of the Maritime Administration Ship-Disposal Program PY - 1994/08 SP - 102p AB - This environmental analysis has been prepared by the Maritime Administration (MARAD) to analyze the environmental effects of the sale of obsolete vessels from the National Defense Reserve Fleet (NDRF) for scrapping in foreign nations. KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Obsolete ships disposal KW - Sales KW - Ships KW - Waste disposal UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/20000/20100/20112/PB98109994.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/864142 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00760076 AU - Maritime Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGES OF INLAND BARGE TRANSPORTATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1994/08 SP - 29 p. AB - The companies that make up the barge and towing industry have a reputation for a strong environmental stewardship and are dedicated to improving the compatibility of their operations with the environment in an effort to eliminate environmental incidents and reduce environmental hazards to an absolute minimum. Pollution control, protection and enhancement of the environment, and maintenance of the ecological balance have long been major concerns of the waterway industry. Barge operators adopted the position years ago that it favored, supported, and would aggressively work to prevent and control its share of pollution even through authorities agree that its portion is negligible. The industry is constantly reinforcing that commitment. KW - Barge operations KW - Ecology KW - Environmental protection KW - Inland water transportation KW - Waterway facility operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6300/6301/837.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/496116 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00675736 AU - Marcus, H S AU - Weber, P T AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPETITIVE MANNING ON U.S.-FLAG VESSELS; DRAFT REPT. JUL 92-JUL 94 PY - 1994/07 SP - 116 p. AB - This report is written to aid government officials as well as industry personnel in understanding the role of manning scenarios in the competitiveness of U.S.-flag vessels. The U.S. merchant marine is in decline while U.S. foreign trade continues to rise. In order to turn this trend around, operating costs on U.S.-flag ships must come more into line with foreign-flag competitors. One must consider crew costs in the broader perspective of ship operation as well as the various costs involved. This report reviews manning costs and trends on a number of vessels and considers the possibilities for reduction of costs for increased U.S.-flag competitiveness. This study provides the insight to understand the issues of moving toward a more competitive U.S. merchant marine. KW - Analysis KW - Automation KW - Cargo ships KW - Competition KW - Containerships KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost engineering KW - Costs KW - Crews KW - International trade KW - Labor market KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Operating costs KW - Personnel management KW - Regulations KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/412488 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00792167 AU - Maritime Administration AU - American Association of Port Authorities TI - PUBLIC PORT FINANCING IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1994/07 SP - 150 p. AB - This is the third report on Public Port Financing in the United States published by the Maritime administration. This study assesses the new and emerging financial, technological and environmental milieu under which ports operate. The report utilizes data from the Port Capital Expenditure Survey, the Port Finance Survey, and the Public Port Financing Questionnaire. It focuses on the public ports of the United States and the territories. It aggregates the public ports in the following seven regions: North Atlantic, South Atlantic, Gulf, South Pacific, North Pacific, Great Lakes, and Mississippi River. The table of contents lists the following chapter headings: 1. Executive Summary, 2. Capital Expenditures History and Projection, 3. Traditional Financing Methods, 4. Port Financing Trends Outside the United States, 5. Legislative Issues, 6. International Trade Climate, 7. Technological Innovations Impacting the U.S. Ports, and 8. Economic Importance of U.S. Ports. KW - Capital expenditures KW - Economic impacts KW - Environment KW - Financing KW - International trade KW - Legislation KW - Ports KW - Technological innovations KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/000/200/205/709.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/19000/19000/19010/PB2002104056.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/648756 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00675737 AU - Inland Waterways Studies Institute AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN INLAND WATERWAY INFORMATION SYSTEM; FINAL REPT. SEP 92-JUN 94 PY - 1994/06 SP - 115 p. AB - The inland waterways transportation industry has recognized the need for a centralized source of data. This information would be of value to researchers, industry members, suppliers, and shippers to better identify opportunities to market and use the waterway system, to monitor performance, and to identify and quantify potential benefits from system improvements. The industry survey revealed that waterway transportation data sources are used extensively by the agencies and organizations contacted. The data applications varied, but the type of data used most frequently was navigation data. Other major categories of data used were: commodity/demand forecasting, traffic flow/flow analysis, environmental planning, emergency response, and port management. A compendium of waterway data sources was completed and is available in either hardcopy or diskette format. The compendium as contained on computer diskette is formatted to allow users to search for information by key words, organizations, or other parameters. An important consideration for the continued use of the compendium is future maintenance. The survey and the development of the compendium identified the major gap in inland waterway transportation data relates to industry economics. It is recommended that MARAD continue to support efforts to build a consolidated information system. These efforts, already underway, should be concentrated in expanding the Transportation Research Information Service (TRIS) of the Transportation Research Board. KW - Bibliographies KW - Databases KW - Highway traffic control KW - Information systems KW - Information transfer KW - Surveys KW - Technology transfer KW - Transportation planning KW - Water transportation KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/412489 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00674315 AU - Memphis State University, Memphis AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN INLAND WATERWAY INFORMATION SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1994/06 SP - 126 p. AB - The inland waterways transportation industry has recognized the need for a centralized source of data. This information would be of value to researchers, industry members, suppliers, and shippers to better identify opportunities to market and use the waterway system, to monitor performance, and to identify and quantify potential benefits from system improvements. The objectives of this research were: (1) To determine, through contact with the waterway industry and associated parties (government, academia, suppliers, etc.), the existing utilization of waterway data and perceived data needs; (2) To develop a compendium of existing waterway transportation data sources; (3) To identify data gaps; and (4) To prepare a state-of-the-art report on bibliographic sources. The industry survey revealed that waterway transportation data sources are used extensively by the agencies and organizations contacted. The data applications varied, but the type of data used most frequently was navigation data. Other major categories of data used were: commodity/demand forecasting, traffic flow/flow analysis, environmental planning, emergency response, and port management. A compendium of waterway data sources was completed and is available in either hard copy or diskette format. The compendium as contained on computer diskette is formatted to allow users to search for information by key words, organizations, or other parameters. An important consideration for the continued use of the compendium is future maintenance. The survey and the development of the compendium identified the major gap in inland waterway transportation data; it relates to industry economics. It is recommended that MARAD continue to support efforts to build a consolidated information system. These efforts, already underway, should be concentrated in expanding the Transportation Research Information Service (TRIS) of the Transportation Research Board. KW - Data collection KW - Data gaps KW - Data needs KW - Data sources KW - Demand KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Economic forecasting KW - Emergency response KW - Environmental policy KW - Information organization KW - Information systems KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - Navigation KW - Port operations KW - State of the art reports KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation Research Information Services UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411933 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00673898 AU - Inland Waterway Studies Institute AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN INLAND WATERWAY INFORMATION SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1994/06 SP - 30 p. AB - The inland waterways transportation industry has recognized the need for a centralized source of data. This information would be of value to researchers, industry members, suppliers, and shippers to better identify opportunities to market and use the waterway system, to monitor performance, and to identify and quantify potential benefits from system improvements. The main objectives of this research were: (1) to determine, through contact with the waterway industry and associated parties (government, academia, suppliers, etc.), the existing utilization of waterway data and perceived data needs; (2) to develop a compendium of existing waterway transportation sources; (3) identify data gaps; and (4) to prepare a state-of-the-art report on bibliographic sources. The industry survey revealed that waterway transportation data sources are used extensively by the agencies and organizations contacted. The data applications varied, but the type of data used most frequently was navigation data. Other major categories of data used were: commodity/demand forecasting, traffic flow/flow analysis, environmental planning, emergency response, and port management. KW - Bibliographies KW - Databases KW - Demand KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Economic forecasting KW - Emergency response KW - Environmental policy KW - Federal government KW - Information systems KW - Inland waterways KW - Market research KW - Monitoring KW - Performance evaluations KW - Port operations KW - Systems analysis KW - Traffic flow KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01152954 AU - Maritime Administration AU - U.S. Army AU - Environmental Protection Agency AU - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service AU - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration AU - Department of Transportation TI - The Interagency Working Group on the Dredging Process -- Options Paper PY - 1994/05 SP - 26p AB - Ports play an essential role in the United States' economy, defense, and environment. The ports of the United States meet the demand for water transportation services, which is driven by the consumers and producers of waterborne cargo. This demand for waterborne cargo initiates a chain of economic activity which contributes to the overall national economy. The economic impact of the nation's port industry, port users, and public port capital expenditures is significant. In 1992, U.S. ports handled approximately 2.9 billion metric tons of cargo and supported over 15 million jobs. In addition, approximately 95 percent of all U.S. exports and imports pass through U.S. ports. Foreign trade is an increasingly important element of the U.S. economy, currently accounting for over 20 percent of our Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This percentage is expected to grow in the future. KW - Dredged materials KW - Dredging KW - Economic factors KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Gross domestic product KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Water traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/914501 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00730763 AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOMESTIC WATERBORNE TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES 1991 PY - 1994/05 SP - 69 p. AB - Water is one of the major transportation modes for movement of goods between cities within the continental United States (U.S.) and is the principal avenue of commerce for Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Water transportation accounts for approximately 17 percent of the total intercity freight tonnage. Domestic trade is classified as ocean, inland waterways, and Great Lakes. This publication exhibits the flow of domestic waterborne commerce in the U.S., with the purpose of promoting awareness of the scale, diversity, and vitality of that commerce. This edition contains data for calendar year 1991. Some specifics of shipping activity in each trade area are provided. In this publication, the Commodity Classification for Domestic Waterborne Commerce is used. Geographical definitions of domestic trade are also outlined. KW - Diversity KW - Domestic shipping analysis KW - Freight traffic KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways KW - Ocean shipping KW - Scale KW - Shipping KW - Trade KW - Traffic flow KW - Water transportation KW - Weighing devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/466263 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672417 AU - Grabowski, M AU - Sanborn, S AU - Department of Decision Sciences and Engineering Systems AU - U.S. Department of Transportation TI - SHIPBOARD PILOTING EXPERT SYSTEM, VOLUME I, FINAL REPORT PY - 1994/04 SP - 44 p. AB - This document is the Final Report for the Shipboard Piloting Expert System (SPES) project, MARAD contract DTMA 91-89-C-90031. The SPES project had three phases, with Phase I (0-15 months after contract start) activities centering on the requirements, design, and development of a standalone SPES. Phase 2 activities focused on Shipboard Integration and Test (15-32 months after contract start), and Phase 3 activities focused on an Operational Evaluation and Final Delivery of the SPES (27-47 months after contract start). Volume of this report describes the SPES, its knowledge representation and reasoning, and its integration and installation aboard the Exxon Benicia. Volumes 2 and 3 of this report, the appendices, contain the Phase 1 Report and the SPES Shipboard Evaluation Plan, respectively. KW - Artificial intelligence KW - Automatic vessel control KW - Control systems KW - Embedding KW - Expert systems KW - Navigation systems KW - Oil tankers KW - Pilotage KW - Shipboard computers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411512 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00670593 AU - Grabowski, M AU - Sanborn, S AU - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBOARD PILOTING EXPERT SYSTEM (SPES). VOLUME 1; FINAL REPT PY - 1994/04 SP - 52 p. AB - This document is the Final Report for the Shipboard Piloting Expert System (SPES) project, MARAD contract DTMA 91-89-C-90031. The SPES project had three phases, with Phase 1 (0-15 months after contract start) activities centering on the requirements, design, and development of a standalone SPES. Phase 2 activities focused on Shipboard Integration and Test (15-32 months after contract start), and Phase 3 activities focused on an Operational Evaluation and Final Delivery of the SPES (27-47 months after contract start). In Phase 1, the initial SPES prototype was developed and documented. In phases 2 and 3, the SPES prototype was varified and validated, transitioned to a shipboard configuration, and evaluated as a standalone system, and as a node in the Sperry Marine ExxBridge Integrated Bridge Project for Exxon Shipping Company. In Augst 1992, the SPES was installed aboard the Exxon Benicia, and Exxon tanker in the Valdez trade. This document is the Final Report for the SPES project. Volume 1 of this report describes in the SPES, its knowledge representation and reasoning, and its integration and installation aboard the Exxon Benicia. KW - Artificial intelligence KW - Automatic vessel control KW - Computer system programs KW - Design KW - Information systems KW - Maneuvering KW - Prototypes KW - Ship pilotage KW - Shipboard computers KW - Simulation KW - Surface navigation KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411239 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666474 AU - Grabowski, M AU - Sanborn, S AU - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBOARD PILOTING EXPERT SYSTEM (SPES). VOLUME 1; FINAL REPT PY - 1994/04 SP - 52 p. AB - This document is the Final Report for the Shipboard Piloting Expert System (SPES) project, MARAD contract DTMA 91-89-C-90031. The SPES project had three phases, with Phase 1 (0-15 months after contract start) activities centering on the requirements, design, and development of a standalone SPES. Phase 2 activities focused on Shipboard Integration and Test (15-32 months after contract start), and Phase 3 activities focused on an Operational Evaluation and Final Delivery of the SPES (27-47 months after contract start). In Phase 1, the initial SPES prototype was developed and documented. In phases 2 and 3, the SPES prototype was varified and validated, transitioned to a shipboard configuration, and evaluated as a standalone system, and as a node in the Sperry Marine ExxBridge Integrated Bridge Project for Exxon Shipping Company. In Augst 1992, the SPES was installed aboard the Exxon Benicia, and Exxon tanker in the Valdez trade. This document is the Final Report for the SPES project. Volume 1 of this report describes in the SPES, its knowledge representation and reasoning, and its integration and installation aboard the Exxon Benicia. KW - Artificial intelligence KW - Automatic vessel control KW - Computer system programs KW - Design KW - Information systems KW - Maneuvering KW - Prototypes KW - Ship pilotage KW - Shipboard computers KW - Simulation KW - Surface navigation KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405945 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00670356 AU - Maritime Administration TI - UNITED STATES PORT DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE REPORT PY - 1994/02 SP - 17 p. AB - This 1994 report is the fourth in a recent series that continues the captial expenditure survey first begun by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in 1956. This report analyzes the results of the American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) capital expenditure survey for 1992. The survey includes the capital expenditures for 1992 and proposed expenditures for the period 1993 through 1997 along with the funding sources used to finance these expenditures. The survey data were obtained from the corporate membership of AAPA. Appendix A contains a list of the ports that responded to the 1992 survey. KW - Capital expenditures KW - Development KW - Improvements KW - Infrastructure KW - Investments KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411105 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00849496 AU - GRABOWSKI, MARTHA AU - SANBORN, STEVE AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBOARD PILOTING EXPERT SYSTEM. PY - 1994 IS - PB94-183837 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Electronic equipment KW - Electronic navigation KW - Expert systems KW - Navigation KW - Ship simulators KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/550202 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656939 AU - Maritime Administration TI - BY THE CAPES: A PRIMER ON U.S. COASTWISE LAWS PY - 1994 SP - 8 p. AB - This pamphlet has been prepared as an aid to a better general understanding of the provisions of the U.S. coastwise laws. Information is presented in a question-and-answer format. Topics covered include: provisions of the Jones Act; the purpose of cabotage laws; applications of and exceptions to cabotage laws; vessel registry and documentation; and interpretation and enforcement of cabotage laws. KW - Coastwise shipping KW - Legislation KW - Merchant Marine Act, 1920 KW - Registry UR - http://www.marad.dot.gov/Publications/primer_laws.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398589 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00667276 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME SYSTEM OF AMERICAS: RIVER/OCEAN OPERATION PY - 1993/11/11 SP - 173 p. AB - Maritime System of the Americas refers to the waterways between central portions of the United States and Canada to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean countries, and the northern rim of South America. The general objective of this first phase of the research program is to examine the viability of river/ocean vessels and river barges. A transportation optimization model was developed to estimate costs for different shipping distances and commodities to and from U.S. and Mexican ports for the marine mode and to compare to direct rail services. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Maritime industry KW - Ocean freight forwarders KW - Optimization KW - River traffic KW - Rivers KW - Shipbuilding KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666532 AU - National Ports and Waterways Inst. AU - Maritime Administration AU - Office of Technology Assessment TI - MARITIME SYSTEM OF AMERICAS: RIVER/OCEAN OPERATION; FINAL REPT PY - 1993/11/11 SP - 173 p. AB - Maritime System of the Americas refers to the waterways between central portions of the United States and Canada to Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean countries, and the northern rim of South America. The general objective of this first phase of the research program is to examine the viability of river/ocean vessels (1500 to 3000 dwt) and river barges. A transportation cost optimization model was developed to estimate costs for different shipping distances and commodities to and from U.S. and Mexican ports for the marine mode and to compare to direct rail services. The comparative cost advantages are most obvious for bulk shipments using river barges with transshipment to ocean vessels compared to rail unit trains. A specialized niche market exists for high value general cargo shipments in small lots moving by river/ocean vessel as an alternative to carload rail service. River/ocean vessels offer the greatest savings for movements between the lower and middle Mississippi River up to St. Louis and southern Mexican coastal ports in the Yucatan. These vessels are also cost competitive for high value shipments to the vicinity of Mexico City via central Mexican Gulf ports. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Barges KW - Cargo ships KW - Cargo transportation KW - Cost models KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Freight transportation KW - Market research KW - Mathematical models KW - North America KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rivers KW - South America KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Water transportation KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405993 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00670590 AU - Grabowski, M AU - Sanborn, S AU - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBOARD PILOTING EXPERT SYSTEM. VOLUME 3. SPES SHIPBOARD EVALUATION PLAN; FINAL REPT. OCT 89-OCT 93 PY - 1993/10/05 SP - 114 p. AB - This document is the SPES Shipboard Evaluation Plan report for the Shipboard Piloting Expert System (SPES) project, MARAD contract DTMA 91-89-C-90031. The SPES project had three phases, with Phase 1 (0-15 months after contract start) activities centering on the requirements, design, and development of a standalone SPES. Phase 2 activities focused on Shipboard Integration and Test (15-32 months after contract start), and Phase 3 activities focused on an Operational Evaluation and Final Delivery of the SPES (27-47 months after contract start). In Phase 1, the initial SPES prototype was developed and documented. In Phases 2 and 3, the SPES prototype was verified and validated, transitioned to a shipboard configuration, and evaluated as a standalone system, and as a node in the Sperry Marine ExxBridge Integrated Bridge Project for Exxon Shipping Company. In August 1992, the SPES was installed aboard the Exxon Benicia, an Exxon tanker in the Valdez trade. This document is the Final Report for the SPES project. Volume 1 of this report describes the SPES, its knowledge representation and reasoning, and its integration and installation aboard the Exxon Benicia. Volumes 2 and 3 of this report, the appendices, contain the Phase 1 Report and the SPES Shipboard Evaluation Plan, respectively. This is Volume 3. KW - Artificial intelligence KW - Control systems KW - Data analysis KW - Expert systems KW - Marine engineering KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Position fixing KW - Position(Location) KW - Ship pilotage KW - Surface navigation KW - Systems engineering KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Water transportation KW - Workload UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666471 AU - Grabowski, M AU - Sanborn, S AU - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBOARD PILOTING EXPERT SYSTEM. VOLUME 3. SPES SHIPBOARD EVALUATION PLAN; FINAL REPT. OCT 89-OCT 93 PY - 1993/10/05 SP - 114 p. AB - This document is the SPES Shipboard Evaluation Plan report for the Shipboard Piloting Expert System (SPES) project, MARAD contract DTMA 91-89-C-90031. The SPES project had three phases, with Phase 1 (0-15 months after contract start) activities centering on the requirements, design, and development of a standalone SPES. Phase 2 activities focused on Shipboard Integration and Test (15-32 months after contract start), and Phase 3 activities focused on an Operational Evaluation and Final Delivery of the SPES (27-47 months after contract start). In Phase 1, the initial SPES prototype was developed and documented. In Phases 2 and 3, the SPES prototype was verified and validated, transitioned to a shipboard configuration, and evaluated as a standalone system, and as a node in the Sperry Marine ExxBridge Integrated Bridge Project for Exxon Shipping Company. In August 1992, the SPES was installed aboard the Exxon Benicia, an Exxon tanker in the Valdez trade. This document is the Final Report for the SPES project. Volume 1 of this report describes the SPES, its knowledge representation and reasoning, and its integration and installation aboard the Exxon Benicia. Volumes 2 and 3 of this report, the appendices, contain the Phase 1 Report and the SPES Shipboard Evaluation Plan, respectively. This is Volume 3. KW - Artificial intelligence KW - Control systems KW - Data analysis KW - Expert systems KW - Marine engineering KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Position fixing KW - Position(Location) KW - Ship pilotage KW - Surface navigation KW - Systems engineering KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Water transportation KW - Workload UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405943 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672419 AU - Mansour, A E AU - Jensen, J J AU - Lin, M C AU - National Maritime Enhancement Institute AU - U.S. Department of Transportation TI - PROBABILITY BASED INSPECTION PLANNING FOR MARINE STRUCTURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1993/10 SP - 60 p. AB - Fatigue and corrosion cause degradation in ship material, structural elements and structural system strength. In order to maintain a minimum level of safety, inspection and repair programs are usually implemented. The time interval between inspections and the quality of inspection and repair are important factors in maintaining a minimum level of safety for the structure throughout its lifetime. A probability-based procedure was developed to evaluate and determine inspection intervals for tankers such that their structural reliability does not fall below a minimum acceptable limit, or, alternately, such that the expected amount of damage due to fatigue and corrosion does not exceed a specified tolerable level. The procedure uses data on fatigue and corrosion from previous inspections to update the important parameters and to improve the quality of projection of the tanker condition. A Bayesian technique has been used in the updating procedure. KW - Corrosion KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Reliability KW - Ship structures KW - Ships KW - Structural design KW - Structural mechanics KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411514 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666520 AU - Mansour, A E AU - Jensen, J J AU - Lin, M C AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROBABILITY BASED INSPECTION PLANNING FOR MARINE STRUCTURES; FINAL REPT PY - 1993/10 SP - 60 p. AB - Fatigue and corrosion cause degradation in ship material, structural elements and structural system strength. This degradation increases with time causing structural system reliability to decrease with time. In order to maintain a minimum level of safety, inspection and repair programs are usually implemented. The time interval between inspections and the quality of inspection and repair are important factors in maintaining a minimum level of safety for the structure throughout its lifetime. A probability-based procedure was developed to evaluate and determine inspection intervals for tankers such that their structural reliability does not fall below a minimum acceptable limit, or, alternately, such that the expected amount of damage due to fatigue and corrosion does not exceed a specified tolerable level. KW - Corrosion KW - Economic analysis KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance KW - Simulation KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00639901 AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOMESTIC WATERBORNE TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES - 1990 PY - 1993/10 SP - 76 p. AB - This volume exhibits the flow of domestic waterborne commerce in the United States, with the purpose of promoting awareness of the scale, diversity, and vitality of that commerce. It is based on data initially collected by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and furnished to the Maritime Administration through interagency agreement. This edition contains data for calendar year 1990. Following an introduction, the report is organized in four parts: (1) Profile; (2) Domestic Ocean Trade; (3) Great Lakes; and (4) Inland Waterways Trade. KW - Domestic shipping analysis KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways KW - Inland waterways shipping KW - Ocean shipping KW - Shipping KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380837 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00856780 AU - Maritime Administration TI - SEALIFT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ASSESSMENT OF ADVANCED MANNING TECHNIQUES.. PY - 1993/08 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Hours of labor KW - Military sealift KW - Military transportation KW - Ships KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/520287 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00783668 AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. DOT INTERAGENCY REPORT ON LANDSIDE ACCESS PORT VISITS - GREAT LAKES, INLAND WATERWAYS, AND GULF REGIONS PY - 1993/06 SP - v.p. AB - Since 1990, the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), acting through the Maritime Administration (MARAD), has taken the lead in assessing the adequacy of land transportation access at ports and terminals throughout the United States. An interagency working group was formed to guide a nationwide assessment under the lead of MARAD's Office of Port and Intermodal Development. The National Research Council's Transportation Research Board (TRB) was asked to assist in the investigations. The information and statistics developed by the TRB study comnmittee was substantially supported by the technical assistance provided by the DOT interagency working group. Most of the working group's support included visits to and reports on land transportation access concerns and issues at 16 port regions throughout the United States. The details of the interagency site visits in the Great Lakes, Inland Waterways, and Gulf Regions are the subject of this volume. It contains the site visit reports for the ports of: Toledo, Chicago, St. Louis, Memphis, New Orleans, and Galveston Bay. KW - Access KW - Great Lakes KW - Ground transportation KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - Inland waterways KW - Interagency relations KW - Landside operations (Ports) KW - Ports KW - Transportation Research Board KW - U.S. Maritime Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/638029 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00670574 AU - Bea, R G AU - Hutchison, S C AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Ship Structure Committee AU - Maritime Administration TI - MAINTENANCE OF MARINE STRUCTURES; A STATE OF THE ART SUMMARY; FINAL REPT. MAY 92-MAY 93 PY - 1993/05 SP - 159 p. AB - This document is the final research report for Marad sponsored research contract SR-1347. The intent of the research was to provide an overview of the current state of the art of specific areas in the field of ship maintenance through the exclusive review of pertinent Ship Structures Committee (SSC) reports. The topics discussed in the report include; reliability based design, welding, mechanical fastening techniques, fatigue, structural fractures, instrumentation, vibration, corrosion, inspection non-destructive- testing, (NDT), and instrumentation. The topics are in accordance with the National Academy's recommended research topics for 93-94 fiscal year in the ship structures field. In addition to the research report, a database was developed to aid researchers in finding SSC reports of interest to their specific topics. KW - Corrosion protection KW - Databases KW - Durability KW - Improvements KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance KW - Naval architecture KW - Ship structural components KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411224 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00669081 AU - Maritime Administration TI - INNOVATIVE BREAKBULK TECHNOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON WATERFRONT LAND PY - 1993/05 SP - 170 p. AB - The study's objective was two-fold: to assess the overall feasibility of innovative breakbulk technologies: to review and analyze the technical, operational and financial aspects of a range of breakbulk handling technologies; and to assess the specific impact of new technologies on waterfront land requirements: to examine the need for waterfront area, assuming that the new technologies are implemented in both presently active and inactive breakbulk terminals. KW - Breakbulk technologies KW - Breakdown KW - Cargo handling KW - Development KW - Forecasting KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Land use KW - Land use forecasting KW - Marine terminals KW - Mechanical failure KW - Terminal facilities KW - Waterfronts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/410692 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666515 AU - National Ports and Waterways Inst. AU - Maritime Administration TI - INNOVATIVE BREAKBULK TECHNOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON WATERFRONT LAND; FINAL REPT PY - 1993/05 SP - 170 p. AB - The study's objective was two-fold: To Assess the Overall Feasibility of Innovative Breakbulk Technologies -- to review and analyze the technical, operational and financial aspects of a range of breakbulk handling technologies; and To Assess the Specific Impact of New Technologies on Waterfront Land Requirements -- to examine the need for waterfront area, assuming that the new technologies are implemented in both presently-active and inactive breakbulk terminals. KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Cargo transportation KW - Cranes KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Freight transportation KW - Hoists KW - Marine terminals KW - Ports KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405977 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666495 AU - Regan, N AU - Cushing (C.R.) and Co., Inc. AU - Maritime Administration AU - United States Coast Guard TI - APPLICABILITY OF FREE-FALL LIFEBOATS ON UNITED STATES VESSELS. DOCUMENTATION; FINAL REPT PY - 1993/01/28 SP - 93 p. AB - This report has been prepared to serve as a guide for shipowners, designers, and maritime authorities when they evaluate free-fall lifeboat systems. Provisions for boarding, launching, and recovery of free-fall lifeboats are reviewed in relation to systems used with conventional lifeboats. Crew considerations such as training, drills, and human factors are examined. The improved safety achieved through the use of free-fall lifeboat systems is assessed. Applicable regulations and approval procedures of the United States and international regulatory bodies are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of free-fall lifeboat systems are identified, including their impact on ship design and cost. The current United States market for free-fall lifeboat manufacturing in the United States is also examined. KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Free fall models KW - Human factors engineering KW - Launching KW - Lifeboats KW - Manufacturing KW - Marine safety KW - Market research KW - Performance evaluations KW - Recovery KW - Regulations KW - Safety equipment KW - Training KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/405960 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00674313 AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE U.S. STEVEDORING AND MARINE TERMINAL INDUSTRY PY - 1993/01 SP - 116 p. AB - This report updates and expands the original report with the same title, published by MARAD in March 1983. The present report is a more detailed examination of the industry's operational responsibilities and activities. Further consideration is given to key issues that impact the industry, such as productivity, safety, labor, environmental impacts, security, legal, and regulatory issues. Technological innovations are also covered, including developments affecting hardware (e.g., material handling equipment and terminal facilities design), marine terminal operations, terminal management, and automated systems. KW - Automated systems KW - Automation KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Labor KW - Legal factors KW - Marine terminals KW - Policy KW - Productivity KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Stevedoring KW - Technological innovations KW - Terminal facilities design KW - Terminal management KW - Terminal operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411931 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00626805 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON PORT AND SHIPPING SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. QUARTERLY REPORT PY - 1993/01 SP - 54 p. AB - This quarterly report is the 26th in a series concerning safety and environmental protection matters related to ports and shipping. Some highlights covered herein are the following: (1) World Maritime Day 1992 had as its theme the role of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in promoting environment and development; (2) The 67th session of the IMO Legal Committee (LEG 67) was held at IMO Headquarters in London from September 28 - October 2, 1992; (3) The 33rd session of the IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 33) was held at IMO Headquarters in London from October 26-30, 1992; (4) On September 10, 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency promulgated a final listing decision for used oils that are recycled and simultaneously promulgated standards for management of used oil; and (5) On November 5, 1992, the Research and Special Programs Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, amended the Hazardous Materials Regulations by listing and regulating, in all modes of transportation, those materials identified as marine pollutants by the IMO. KW - Environmental protection KW - Hazardous materials KW - International Maritime Organization KW - Legal factors KW - Marine pollutants KW - Oil recycling KW - Pollutants KW - Ports KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Seas KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/368451 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00800161 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - LAND TRANSPORTATION ACCESS TO PORTS AND MARINE TERMINALS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR PORTS UNDER THE INTERMODAL SURFACE TRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY ACT OF 1991 PY - 1993 SP - 16 p. AB - The objective of this brochure is to suggest ways in which specific port access issues/projects can be addressed by the transportation planning process and to demonstrate how the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) provisions provide specific mechanisms or approaches to address port needs. It identifies for the port community, metropolitan planning organizations and state transportation planners opportunities within the ISTEA to address specific port-related policies and projects. It also provides a strategic focus for ensuring that port projects and plans are considered through the metropolitan and statewide planning programs. KW - Access KW - Brochures KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Landside operations (Ports) KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Ports KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/lta.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/666341 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00838790 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME LABOR-MANAGEMENT AFFILIATIONS GUIDE, 1993.. PY - 1993 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Collective bargaining KW - Directories KW - Merchant marine KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipping KW - Trade and professional associations KW - Trade associations KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/531850 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634528 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Starling, James Dane AU - Transportation Research Board TI - U.S. TRANSPORTATION COMMAND AND INTERMODAL PLANNING SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 62-66 AB - The role of manager for defense transportation is filled by the U.S. Transportation Command (TRANSCOM). The command was created to be the Department of Defense's (DOD's) single manager for common user transportation and was organized to support commanders on the front lines. TRANSCOM is responsible for ensuring that the defense transportation system is prepared to meet the demands of the emerging national defense strategy. Creating TRANSCOM was the first and most crucial step in striving to achieve true intermodalism within DOD. This resource paper focuses on the implications of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) for intermodal initiatives at TRANSCOM. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - National defense KW - Planning KW - U.S. Department of Defense KW - United States Transportation Command UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378455 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634530 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Carmichael, Gilbert E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION PERSPECTIVE ON ISTEA SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 73-77 AB - This conference resource paper discusses the specific rail-related elements of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). These elements are concentrated on three themes: (a) commuter rail lines, (b) passenger corridor improvements, and (c) intermodal connections. Concluding comments concern the building of an "ethical transportation system", which is defined as a transportation system that is safe, nonpolluting, energy efficient, and competitive. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Competition KW - Conferences KW - Connectivity KW - Energy efficiency KW - Ethics KW - Improvements KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Planning KW - Pollution control KW - Pollution prevention KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad transportation KW - Safety KW - U.S. Federal Railroad Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378457 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634537 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Helton, Jack D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DEVELOPING PARTNERSHIPS SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 149-151 AB - The conference presentation by J.D. Helton on intermodal partnerships (pages 138-148 of this Special Report) prompted a number of conference participants to ask how the guidelines he presented should be followed and how the private partnerships he discussed were developed. These questions are answered in this paper, which was not presented at the conference. The examples provided are from the experience of Sea-Land Service, Inc., Arlington, Virginia, which has been successful in cultivating intermodal partnerships for several years. These partnerships have made a marked contribution to corporate market position, productivity, efficiency, and earnings. Developing these partnerships has involved the following: culture (predisposition), vision, strategy, and commitment. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Consumers KW - Development KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Partnerships KW - Planning KW - Providers KW - Sea Land Service, inc. KW - Sea-land service, incorporated KW - Users UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378464 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634524 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Walton, C Michael AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ISTEA AND INTERMODAL PLANNING: CONCEPT, PRACTICE, VISION. CHAIRMAN'S SUMMARY SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 1-3 AB - In these summary remarks the conference Chairman gives a brief conference overview. He points out that this was the first Transportation Research Board conference to be cosponsored by all five modal administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation. He also states that the diversity of the conference participants and their harmonious efforts to shape an intermodal planning agenda demonstrated that pooled expertise must be the new, if not yet affirmed, approach to addressing the vision for transportation. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378451 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634526 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Martinez, Robert AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PERSPECTIVE FROM THE OFFICE OF INTERMODALISM SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 47-54 AB - This conference resource paper discusses the role of the U.S. Department of Transportation's Office of Intermodalism and the potential significant changes in policy under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) in the areas of planning and technology. Also discussed are the definition of the term "intermodalism" which was developed by the Office of Intermodalism, and the keystone of the highway transportation network--the National Highway System (NHS). Concluding comments concern U.S. productivity and transportation as a barometer of the future direction of U.S. economic policy. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Definitions KW - Economic policy KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - National Highway System KW - Office of intermodalism, usdot KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Technology KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378453 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634529 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hendrix, Allan AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERMODAL EXPERIENCE OF THE CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 67-72 AB - This conference resource paper discusses intermodalism and the prospects for successes in intermodalism in the future from the perspective of the California Department of Transportation (CalTrans). Three key dimensions to intermodalism are examined. These are the modal dimension, the market segment or trip purpose, and connectivity, which is the dimension that traditionally has been called intermodal. Intermodal planning is a process of expanding and synthesizing these three dimensions into a system that accommodates freight and passengers and, at least in the view of CalTrans officials, also deals with some nontraditional transportation options, such as information technology. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - California KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Information technology KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - Passenger transportation KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378456 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634536 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Helton, Jack D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERMODAL PARTNERSHIPS UNDER ISTEA SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 138-148 AB - Given the increasing complexity of the intermodal transportation system and the diversity of the partners involved, there is a critical need to build effective working relationships between the providers and the users (customers) of transportation systems. A successful partnership will find ways to improve the efficiency of existing systems and provide input from a broader base for future planning. Internal partnerships (relationships between transportation-related organizations) and external partnerships (relationships between the organizations and the customer) are addressed in this conference resource paper. The following are identified: common reasons for a partnership; partnership characteristics; shared commitments; intermodal partners; and possible impediments and resolutions. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Characteristics KW - Conferences KW - Consumers KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Partnerships KW - Planning KW - Providers KW - Users UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378463 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634532 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Coogan, Matthew A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIRPORT ACCESS: CASE STUDY IN INTERMODALISM SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 90-98 AB - This conference resource paper discusses airport access as a case study, a microcosm of intermodal planning issues. The structure of the discussion is first concept, then practice, and finally vision. The paper concludes with the story of Grace Hughes. Grace and her family are entrepreneurs who own the Marin Airporter bus service. They built, with private funds, a bus terminal to serve people going to San Francisco International airport. Representatives of two airlines approached them with a proposal to sell their tickets at the bus terminal. The response was, "No, you are not welcome in my terminal unless you check people in, take their baggage, and give them a boarding pass right there." The airlines' response was, "We do not do that stuff. Our job starts at the airport. You are in the bus business, not us." The airline representatives were afraid that the baggage would get lost in the hold of the bus. Grace thought about it for a little while, and she came up with a brilliant, "high-tech" scheme. She won. They started to check baggage at Grace's facility. Her solution for this intermodal problem was as simple as a dog leash--one per set of baggage going to each airline. When the bus arrived at the airport, the bus driver unloaded the appropriate bundle of baggage. In several years of operation, they have never lost a single bag. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Airport access KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378459 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634533 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Migliorino, Gianni AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ITALY'S INTERMODAL ALTERNATIVE: THE SEA ROAD SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 99-112 AB - This conference resource paper provides an international example of an innovative intermodal solution of a transport problem. The Viamare project is a case study in Italy's experiment to relieve acute highway truck congestion with a cost-efficient, short sea alternative. Ten years of planning and extensive cost-benefit analyses preceded the recent inauguration of the Viamare project. Through discussion of this project, an approach to cross-modal analysis, a focus area of the conference, is examined. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Analysis KW - Case studies KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Italy KW - Modal analysis KW - Mode choice KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378460 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634531 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Maring, Gary AU - Rodgers, John AU - Diaz, Steven A AU - Harllee, Nan AU - Transportation Research Board TI - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MODAL ADMINISTRATION PANEL SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 78-89 AB - In this conference resource paper, the following U.S. Department of Transportation modal agencies offer a perspective on intermodalism: the Federal Highway Administration (G. Maring); Federal Aviation Administration (J. Rodgers); Federal Transit Administration (S.A. Diaz); and the Maritime Administration (N. Harllee). The Federal Railroad Administration perspective is presented by G.E. Carmichael in a paper on pages 73-77 of this Special Report. G. Maring discusses the following five aspects of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA): (a) the first major program restructuring since the 1956 Interstate Highway Act, (b) the new funding flexibility, (c) the changes in planning and decision making, (d) the significantly higher authorization levels and the new opportunities for public-private funding, and (e) the intermodal thrust of the act. He also discusses technical assistance activities of FHWA. J. Rodgers discusses the following four aspects of ISTEA: airport development, intermodal links and airport access, environmental compatibility and airport capacity, and joint development, use, and financing of new technology. S.A. Diaz comments on the challenge, under ISTEA, of developing a true partnership to move goods and people, to contribute to the national goals of cleaner air, fuel conservation, and energy independence, to improve U.S. competitiveness in world markets, and to relieve congestion and other inefficiencies in domestic transportation. He also points out the range of intermodal projects being funded by FTA. N. Harllee discusses the impact of ISTEA on the port industry. She points out that, while ISTEA presents a great opportunity for ports and for the entire freight industry, it is not automatic--all have to work for it. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Planning KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - U.S. Federal Transit Administration KW - U.S. Maritime Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378458 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634534 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Fuller, John W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE ROAD TO INTERMODALISM SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 113-129 AB - Since its heyday in the 1960s to the early 1970s, transportation planning in the United States has endured a long period of uncertainty, marked by professional questioning and political inattention. In this last decade of the century, however, new directives for planning and planners can be found in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). Although it appears that transportation planners have major new tasks ahead along an uncertain new path, it should be remembered that not all that is being demanded of planners in the 1990s would seem particularly unusual to planners of past decades. To see what change might be required, it is useful to view the major eras and events in transportation planning during the last 30 years. This conference resource paper looks at the following eras in transportation planning: The 1962 Highway Act; Planning for Transit and the Environment in the Early 1970s; Early State Transportation Plans; Planning Shock: Energy and Financial Shortfalls; Shift of Responsibility to the States and Cities: The 1980s; and Characteristics of Today's U.S. Transportation System. The paper then discusses transportation planning in the 1990s and looks at the Wisconsin DOT approach to planning under ISTEA. Concluding remarks deal with future transportation planning directions. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Conferences KW - History KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Planning KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378461 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634535 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dahms, Lawrence D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REGIONAL CONTEXT OF INTERMODAL DECISIONS SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 130-137 AB - A metropolitan transportation planning process created by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1965, and amended several times since by transportation and environmental laws, has created a regional framework for making transportation decisions in the context of other community values. In examining this regional context within which intermodal decisions are to be made, this conference resource paper addresses the following question: What can be learned from the metropolitan planning experience to help advance intermodal planning and systems analysis? The discussion begins with a comparison of the characteristics of metropolitan transportation systems with those of intermodal systems. It is seen that both systems provide transportation services, but they have little in common. There are, however, areas of overlap between intermodal and metropolitan transportation systems. The remainder of the paper examines these areas and their implications for fulfilling the mandates of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Characteristics KW - City planning KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378462 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634527 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Liburdi, Lillian AU - Transportation Research Board TI - KEYNOTE ADDRESS: THE PROMISE OF ISTEA SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 55-61 AB - This keynote address discusses what the promises of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) are for highway interests, for state and local governments, for transportation planners, for environmentalists, for metropolitan planning organizations, for truckers and other highway users, for airport and seaport operators, for transit operators, and for all Americans. The positives and negatives of ISTEA are examined, and, in conclusion, it is pointed out that "ISTEA is like a sketch for a large mural that will be painted by many different artists. If properly coordinated, with the right sense of purpose, the individual efforts will blend together to make a richly diverse and beautiful work of art. However, there is a serious risk that the individual efforts will amount to an incoherent, clashing painting that diminishes its overall impact." Conference participants are encouraged to make it work by developing a vision for the future. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Conferences KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378454 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634523 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ISTEA AND INTERMODAL PLANNING: CONCEPT, PRACTICE, VISION SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - 179 p. AB - The Transportation Research Board, at the request of the U.S. Department of Transportation, acting through the modal administrations, developed and conducted a conference on the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) and intermodal planning issues. The conference objectives were to: (1) Review the evolution of the planning and funding of the U.S. transportation system; (2) Identify the new planning mechanisms developed in ISTEA that mandate transportation improvement programs and intermodal transportation management systems; (3) Identify issues that need to be addressed in order to achieve more economically and environmentally efficient transportation systems through the optimum combined use of various modes; and (4) Assess how these issues need to be integrated into the planning process. The conference was structured around several commissioned papers and presentations in order to frame the diverse agenda inherent in intermodal planning. This Special Report contains the conference proceedings. The contents are organized as follows: Chairman's Summary, C.M. Walton; Conference Findings, M.D. Meyer; Workshop Reports (Intermodal Partnerships; Multimodal Planning; Cross-Modal Comparisons; Intermodal Management Systems; and Vision and Potential for Intermodalism); Resource Papers (see individual entries in TRIS data base); Perspectives on the Conference; Steering Committee Biographical Information; and Participants. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conferences KW - Economic efficiency KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Finance KW - Intermodal management systems KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - Multimodal planning KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Partnerships KW - Planning KW - Transportation KW - Transportation Improvement Program KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378450 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00634525 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, Michael D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ISTEA AND INTERMODAL PLANNING: CONCEPT, PRACTICE, VISION. CONFERENCE FINDINGS SN - 0309054524 PY - 1993 IS - 240 SP - pp 4-15 AB - On December 2-4, 1992, 150 individuals interested in intermodal transportation attended the National Conference on ISTEA and Intermodal Planning Issues in Irvine, California, to discuss the concept of intermodalism, identify examples of good practice, and provide recommendations for research and technical guidance. At this conference, workshops were organized to enable participants to engage in group discussions on key intermodal issues. The workshops focused on intermodal partnerships, multimodal planning, cross-modal comparisons, intermodal management systems, and vision and potential for intermodalism. Questions were prepared for each group to guide discussion. Following the workshops, conference participants met in plenary sessions to hear the conclusions of the workshops and discuss their importance for intermodal planning. Resource papers prepared for the conference by professionals in the field were also presented in plenary sessions, and speakers with expertise in intermodal transportation addressed the conference. Because the steering committee expected that bridging the gaps between the many players involved in intermodal planning would be a key issue discussed at the conference, a panel discussion was organized to present reactions to the conference from the perspectives of a state department of transportation, a metropolitan planning organization, and the private sector. These important remarks are found at the end of the proceedings. Several themes and concepts arose repeatedly during conference discussions; they merit special attention and are summarized here in the Conference Findings under the following headings: "Intermodal" Defined; Partnerships; Transition; Intermodal Planning as a Process; Freight Movement in Planning; Emphasis on Performance; Intermodal Management Systems; Barriers to Effective Intermodal Planning; Research and Guidance; and Conclusion. U1 - ISTEA and Intermodal Planning: Concept, Practice, VisionU.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration.Irvine, California StartDate:19921202 EndDate:19921204 Sponsors:U.S. Department of Transportation; Federal Aviation Administration; Federal Highway Administration; Federal Railroad Administration; Federal Transit Administration; and Maritime Administration. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Conferences KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal management systems KW - Intermodal planning KW - Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Intermodalism KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Multimodal planning KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Partnerships KW - Performance KW - Planning KW - Research KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/378452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666577 AU - O'Donnel, K J AU - Amos, D A AU - Synetics Corp. AU - Maritime Administration TI - WORLDWIDE VESSEL LOCATING AND TRACKING SYSTEM. VOLUME 1. FINAL REPORT; REPT. FOR OCT 91-DEC 92 PY - 1992/12 SP - 135 p. AB - The report contains an assessment of the possible design and implementation of an automated worldwide Vessel Locating and Tracking System (VESLOTS). During the Technology Assessment task, viable systems were identified for each technology class (i.e., navigation, communication, and display/interface) and each of three geographic operating regions (i.e., worldwide, coastal U.S./Great Lakes, and inland waterway). During the User Requirements analysis task, potential VESLOTS operators and users were surveyed to amass a set of operational requirements for a VESLOTS implementation based on five criteria: message data content, navigation system, communication system, display/interface, and land link. KW - Communications satellites KW - Global Positioning System KW - Global tracking network KW - Navigation KW - Satellite tracking KW - Ships KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00646537 AU - O'Donnel, K J AU - Amos, D A AU - Synetics Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - WORLDWIDE VESSEL LOCATING AND TRACKING SYSTEM. VOLUME 1. FINAL REPORT PY - 1992/12 SP - 135 p. AB - The report contains an assessment of the possible design and implementation of an automated worldwide Vessel Locating and Tracking System (VESLOTS). During the technology assessment task, viable systems were identified for each technology class (i.e., navigation, communication, and display/interface) and each of three geographic operating regions (i.e., worldwide, coastal U.S./Great Lakes, and inland waterway). During the User requirements analysis task, potential VESLOTS operators and users were surveyed to amass a set of operational requirements for a VESLOTS implementation based on five criteria: message data content, navigation systems, communication system, display/interface, and land link. KW - Automatic tracking KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Automation KW - Global Positioning System KW - Superports KW - Technology assessment KW - Vessel traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386801 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00625398 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON PORT AND SHIPPING SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. NUMBER 25: JULY - SEPTEMBER 1992 PY - 1992/10 SP - 88 p. AB - This quarterly report is the 25th in a series concerning safety and environmental protection matters related to ports and shipping. It is organized as follows: (1) International Activities; (2) Legislation; (3) Regulations; and (4) Special Projects and Reports. Appendix I contains the Statements of President George Bush, June 12, 1992, at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), which was held June 3-14, 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Appendix II contains the UNCED Agenda 21: Oceans Chapter, as adopted by the Plenary on June 14, 1992. KW - Environmental protection KW - Legislation KW - Ports KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Regulations KW - Reports KW - Safety KW - Shipping KW - United nations conference of environment and devel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/367919 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672416 AU - Logan, K P AU - American President Lines AU - MACSEA Limited AU - Maritime Administration TI - EXPERT SYSTEM FOR DIESEL ENGINE MAINTENANCE. VOLUME I. FINAL REPORT PY - 1992/09 SP - 82 p. AB - This report describes the results of a project involving the development of an expert diagnostic system for marine diesel engines. The purpose of the project was to develop a practical expert system aboard a modern, automated diesel-powered vessel to assist maintenance personnel in diagnosing existing engine failures and predicting future faults. Research activities involved developing robust diagnostic and automated reasoning techniques based on recent advancements in the field of expert systems. Alternative diagnostic reasoning techniques, such as rule-based inferencing, neural networks, structural and behavioral models, and probabilistic techniques, were investigated before settling on a final design involving probabilistic neural networks. Prototype systems were placed into operation aboard four large containerships powered by two-stroke, slow-speed diesel engines. The system configuration included data acquisition interfaces to existing engine monitoring and combustion analysis systems, as well as operation on a shipboard local area network. KW - Condition monitoring KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Diagnostics KW - Diesel engine maintenance KW - Diesel engines KW - Expert systems KW - Monitoring KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411511 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666589 AU - Logan, K P AU - American President Lines AU - MACSEA Limited AU - Maritime Administration TI - EXPERT SYSTEM FOR DIESEL ENGINE MAINTENANCE. VOLUME 1. FINAL REPORT; REPT. FOR MAY 87-SEP 92 PY - 1992/09 SP - 86 p. AB - The report describes the results of a project involving the development of an expert diagnostic system for marine diesel engines. The purpose of the project was to develop a practical expert system aboard a modern, automated diesel-powered vessel to assist maintenance personnel in diagnosing existing engine failures and predicting future faults. Research activities involved developing robust diagnostic and automated reasoning techniques based on recent advancements in the field of expert systems. Alternative diagnostic reasoning techniques, such as rulebased inferencing, neural networks, structural and behavioral models, and probabilistic techniques, were investigated before settling on a final design involving probabilistic neural networks. Prototype systems were placed into operation aboard four large containerships powered by two-stroke, slow-speed diesel engines. The system configuration included data acquisition interfaces to existing engine monitoring and combustion analysis systems, as well as operation on a shipboard local area network. KW - Data collection KW - Diesel engines KW - Engine analyzers KW - Engine failure KW - Engine monitoring instruments KW - Engines KW - Expert systems KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Mechanical failure KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Neural nets KW - Neural networks KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406039 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666653 AU - Liu, G AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF SHIP HYDRODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS FROM SEA TRIALS AND FOR THE SIMULATION OF SHIP MOTIONS PY - 1992/04 SP - 103 p. AB - The software package Marine System Identification and System Simulation (MSI and SS) identifies ship hydrodynamic coefficients including resistance coefficients and simulates ship motions. Following the instructions insidfe the report, a user can prepare input files and run the programs without difficulties. However, since the identification is a recursive procedure, to be successful in the identification of hydrodynamic coefficients, it is very important for a user to have experience and knowledge of marine hydrodynamics. The package contains two groups of programs -- System Identification group and System Simulation group. The structures of the two groups of programs are illustrated by charts. Input files are discussed line by line with the presentation of samples of input and output files. KW - Computer programs KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Information processing KW - Input output devices KW - Input output processing KW - Motion KW - Personal computers KW - Resistance KW - Ships KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406091 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672418 AU - Liu, G AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF SHIP HYDRODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS FROM SEA TRIALS AND FOR THE SIMULATION OF SHIP MOTIONS PY - 1992/04 SP - 110 p. AB - The software package Marine System Identification & System Simulation (MSI&SS) developed at MIT has been successfully used in identifying ship hydrodynamic coefficients including resistance coefficients and in simulating ship motions. This package now can be used on IBM PC and compatible computers. This package is written in FORTRAN 77, with 5 main programs and 16 subroutines (excluding basic math and graphics subroutines.) Following the instructions inside this report, a user can prepare input files and run the programs without difficulties. However, since the identification is a recursive procedure, to be successful in the identification of hydrodynamic coefficients, it is very important for a user to have experience and knowledge of marine hydrodynamics. The package contains two groups of programs -- System Identification group and System Simulation group. The source code of all these programs is provided so users can tailor the system to fit their specific needs. KW - Computer programs KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Hydrodynamic configurations KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Ship motion KW - Simulation KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411513 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00839043 AU - O'DONNELL, KEVIN J AU - AMOS, DAVID A AU - Maritime Administration TI - WORLDWIDE VESSEL LOCATING AND TRACKING SYSTEM. PY - 1992 IS - PB93-193217 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Artificial satellites KW - Electronic equipment KW - Electronic navigation KW - Harbors KW - Military sealift KW - Military transportation KW - Navigation KW - Navigational satellites KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/531931 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666702 AU - Roseman, D P AU - David Taylor Research Center Systems Dept. AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARKET OPPORTUNITIES AND DESIGN CONCEPTS FOR SELECTED U.S. TRADES; FINAL REPT PY - 1991/11 SP - 80 p. AB - Five market opportunities were selected by the Maritime Administration for ship conceptual design studies. For each opportunity, recent trade statistics were analyzed and voyage conditions were identified to establish design requirements. Three of these opportunities, including crude oil lightering/shuttle tankers, product tankers for imports from Caribbean refineries, and dry bulk carriers for preference export cargoes, were satisfied by a parallel body series of 70,000 DWT to 80,000 DWT design concepts with standard forebodies, afterbodies, machinery and accommodation spaces. Possibilities for backhaul cargoes and special opportunities for multi-purpose bulk carriers were identified. A roll-on/roll-off sealift design concept was developed to satisfy anticipated replacement requirements for U.S. coastal trades serving Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, while meeting minimum requirements for emergency sealift service. Ferry routes on the Delaware and Chesapeake Bays were selected as candidates for surface effect (SES) passenger/vehicle ferries. The SES configuration was chosen as the most appropriate advanced concept that will meet performance requirements and draft constraints characteristic of these routes. The report concludes with recommendations for further development of these design concepts by means of a cooperative industry effort, coordinated by the Maritime Administration under the ongoing Advanced Ship Development Program. KW - Cargo ships KW - Cargo transportation KW - Exports KW - Ferries KW - Freight transportation KW - Imports KW - International trade KW - Market research KW - Market share KW - Naval architecture KW - Petroleum industry KW - Petroleum trade KW - Supply KW - Supplying KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Trade KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00618739 AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOMESTIC WATERBORNE TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES 1987-1989 PY - 1991/11 SP - 156 p. AB - This document provides statistics on United States domestic waterborne commerce for the years 1987 through 1989. The volume of cargoes moving in U.S. domestic waterborne commerce remains at over a trillion short tons or about 18% of total U.S. intercity freight shipments. Among the three distinct sectors of domestic waterborne trade in 1989, 329 million tons moved in the domestic ocean waters, 109 million tons on the Great Lakes, and 683 million tons on the inland waterways. Breakdowns for each of these sectors are provided in this document through tabulations by commodity, geographic region, and type of vessel. KW - Commodities KW - Domestic KW - Domestic ocean waters KW - Freight transportation KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland waterways KW - Intercity transportation KW - Seawater KW - Statistics KW - Tonnage KW - United States KW - Vessel type KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/361448 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666688 AU - Butcher, R AU - Cougan, H AU - Giblon, R AU - Kiefer, R AU - Schaff, J AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - OPERATION DESERT SHIELD/DESERT STORM READY RESERVE FORCE ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; FINAL REPT PY - 1991/10 SP - 154 p. AB - An analysis of the activation of the first 45 Ready Reserve Force (RRF) vessels activated by the Maritime Administration to support of Operation DESERT SHIELD/DESERT STORM. This report addresses the time sequencing of the RRF vessels and their material condition as they arrived at their activation facilities from various locations in the U.S. where they had been under long-term preservation and layup for periods ranging from one to seven years. Assessments are included on the performance of the major organizations involved in the activation; i.e., the U.S. ship repair industry, RRF vessel Ship Managers/General Agents, Regulatory Bodies (USCG/ABS), shipboard crews and the three Regions and National Defense Reserve Fleets (NDRF) of the Maritime Administration. The recommendations within this report encompass: improved vessel deactivation and layup procedures, Reduced Operations Status crewing of RRF vessels while in retention/layup, RRF programmatic changes relative to contract services, ship repair and equipment technical support services, and manpower availability and training. KW - Assessments KW - Engines KW - Logistics KW - Maintenance KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Marine engineering KW - Marine propulsion KW - Military mobilizing KW - Repairing KW - Ships KW - Shipyards KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666726 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARAD (MARITIME ADMINISTRATION) '90: ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION FOR FISCAL YEAR 1990 PY - 1991/04 SP - 93 p. AB - The document is the Annual Report of the Maritime Administration (MARAD) for the fiscal year which ended on September 30, 1990, submitted to the Congress in accordance with Section 208 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, as amended. It incorporates reports required by the Congress on the following topics: acquisition of obsolete vessels in exchange for vessel trade-in credit; war-risk insurance activities; scrapping or removal of obsolete vessels owned by the United States; and U.S.-flag carriage of Government-sponsored cargoes. KW - Budgeting KW - Cargo transportation KW - Construction KW - Federal government KW - Freight transportation KW - Harbors KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Logistics KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyards KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406157 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666753 AU - Priebe, R J AU - Rowland, D P AU - Detroit Diesel Allison AU - Maritime Administration TI - APPLICATION OF ADVANCED DIESEL TECHNOLOGY TO INLAND WATERWAY TOWBOATS THREE WHEEL TURBOCHARGER SYSTEM; FINAL REPT. FEB 88-MAR 91 PY - 1991/03 SP - 64 p. AB - The report represents the development, test and evaluation of Three Wheel Turbocharger System on the DDC Series 149 Marine engine. The program included development and performance testing in a test cell and demonstration of the system in actual revenue service aboard an inland waterways towboat. The Detroit Diesel Series 149 Marine engines rated at 700 SHP were tested aboard the M/V ABBIE-C, owned and operated by Compass Marine Services, Inc. Both port and starboard engines were fully instrumented to measure engine operating parameters, propeller shaft torque and fuel consumption. The data was collected by a computer based data acquisition system. The development, testing and demonstration program consisted of six task levels including TWT System design and development, Towboat DDC 12V-149NA (2 engines) baseline testing and DDC 8V-149 engine testing with one engine configured as TIB/DDEC model and the second as TWT/DDEC model. The TWT system in conjunction with DDEC significantly improved air-fuel ratio and transient response of the 8V-149 TWT/DDEC engine which proved to be 15% more fuel efficient than the 12V-149NA engines. KW - Data collection KW - Diesel engines KW - Engines KW - Fuel air mixtures KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel-air ratio KW - Inland waterways KW - Internal combustion engines KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Marine propulsion KW - Ships KW - Superchargers KW - Test facilities KW - Turbochargers KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00576200 AU - CAMBRIDGE, J W AU - Edwards, R AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF RAIL AND CONTAINER-HANDLING CAPABILITIES AT DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY DEPOTS PY - 1991/03 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Cargo handling KW - Containerization KW - Defense logistics agency KW - Evaluation KW - Management KW - Military transportation KW - Operation Desert Shield, 1990-1991 KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/338283 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666780 AU - Douglas, C AU - Meers, C AU - Presearch Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - CREWING THE MERCHANT MARINE FOR MOBILIZATION; FINAL REPT. AUG 89-DEC 90 PY - 1991/01 SP - 261 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to determine methods of achieving adequate manning of merchant vessels for national security needs during a mobilization. Previous merchant marine manning studies and the efforts of working groups trying to solve the seafarer shortage problem are reviewed. Seafarer availability is compared against mobilization requirements for the years 1990, 1995, and 2000 to determine manpower shortages. The general nature of the U.S. maritime problem is reviewed with a recognition of the different requirements for short-term (surge phase) and long-term (sustainment phase) mobilization scenarios. Mobilization manning solutions that reduce mariner requirements are developed. These include reduced Ready Reserve Force (RRF) manning, RRF caretaker crews, U.S. Naval Reserve manning, and the change of government regulations made with shipping company and union cooperation. Four different U.S. Maritime Service Reserve alternatives are developed. Accelerated training of maritime school personnel and a mariner tracking system are examined. KW - Activation KW - Activation (Chemistry) KW - Availability KW - Crews KW - Labor market KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Military mobilizing KW - Military organizations KW - Military requirements KW - Military transportation KW - National defense KW - National security KW - Supply KW - Training KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406204 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00661896 AU - Douglas, C AU - Meers, C AU - Presearch Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - CREWING THE MERCHANT MARINE FOR MOBILIZATION PY - 1991/01 SP - Various p. AB - The purpose of this study is to determine methods of achieving adequate manning of merchant vessels for national security needs during a mobilization. Previous merchant marine manning studies and the efforts of working groups trying to solve the seafarer shortage problem are reviewed. Seafarer availability is compared against mobilization requirements for the years 1990, 1995, and 2000 to determine manpower shortages. The general nature of the U.S. maritime problem is reviewed with a recognition of the different requirements for short-term (surge phase) and long-term (sustainment phase) mobilization scenarios. Mobilization manning solutions that reduce mariner requirements are developed. These include reduced Ready Reserve Force (RRF) manning, RRF caretaker crews, U.S. Naval Reserve manning, and the change of government regulations made with shipping company and union cooperation. Various solutions to increase seafarer availability are determined. Four different U.S. Maritime Service Reserve alternatives are developed. The conversion of domestic waterways, general industrial, and former military/maritime personnel to the oceangoing profession is investigated. Accelerated training of maritime school personnel and a mariner tracking system are examined. Other miscellaneous methods of increasing seafarer availability are developed that include changing government regulations, instituting a merchant marine draft, and providing the Maritime Administration the authority to crew priority vessels. KW - Manning requirements KW - Manpower availability KW - Merchant seamen KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Mobilization KW - National defense KW - Ready reserve force UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00607774 AU - Douglas, C AU - Meers, C AU - Presearch Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - CREWING THE MERCHANT MARINE FOR MOBILIZATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1991/01 SP - 260 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to determine methods of achieving adequate manning of merchant vessels for national security needs during a mobilization. Previous merchant marine manning studies and the efforts of working groups trying to solve the seafarer shortage problem are reviewed. Seafarer availability is compared against mobilization requirements for the years 1990, 1995, and 2000 to determine manpower shortages. The general nature of the U.S. maritime problem is reviewed with a recognition of the different requirements for short-term (surge phase) and long-term (sustainment phase) mobilization scenarios. Mobilization manning solutions that reduce mariner requirements are developed. These include reduced Ready Reserve Force (RRF) manning, RRF caretaker crews, U.S. Naval Reserve manning, and the change of government regulations made with shipping company and union cooperation. Various solutions to increase seafarer availability are determined. Four different U.S. Maritime Service Reserve alternatives are developed. The conversion of domestic waterways, general industrial, and former military/maritime personnel to the oceangoing profession is investigated. Accelerated training of maritime school personnel and a mariner tracking system are examined. Other miscellaneous methods of increasing seafarer availability that include changing government regulations, instituting a merchant marine draft, and providing the Maritime Administration the authority to crew priority vessels are developed. KW - Availability KW - Crews KW - Government regulations KW - Labor market KW - Maritime industry KW - Merchant marine KW - Merchant seamen KW - Mobilization KW - National security KW - Ready reserve force KW - Regulations KW - Requirement KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shortages KW - Specifications KW - Supply KW - U.s. maritime service reserve UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/350945 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00826232 AU - ROSEMAN, DONALD P AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARKET OPPORTUNITIES AND DESIGN CONCEPTS FOR SELECTED U.S. TRADES. PY - 1991 IS - PB92-131796 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Naval architecture KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyards KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/516200 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00578669 AU - Maritime Administration TI - UNITED STATES PORT DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE REPORT (1946-1989) PY - 1991 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Finance KW - Harbors KW - Marine terminals KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/338347 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00652226 AU - Minnick, P AU - St John, J AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - GLOBAL ICE FORCES AND SHIP RESPONSE TO ICE--A SECOND SEASON PY - 1990/12 SP - Various p. AB - During September of 1986, the POLAR STAR conducted ice-impact tests on ice pressure ridges and ice floes in the Alaskan portion of the Beaufort Sea. Strain gages were used to obtain measurements of the bending strain on the hull girder of the POLAR STAR during impacts with ice features. These measurements were then used to calculate the longitudinal bending moment and shear force distributions to arrive at an estimate of the vertical bow force. Compressive strains along the stem, as well as ship acceleration and velocity measurements, were also recorded. This report describes the method used to determine global ice impact force from the measurements, and presents the results of the tests. Sample hull strain and impact force time-histories are presented, along with the longitudinal bending and shear distributions from several ramming events. A comparison of the results with other available data is also presented, and the observations are combined with global ice impact loads measured on the POLAR SEA during the previous year. Results indicate that the methodology used in estimating the impact force contributes to the overall understanding of the ship-ice interaction process. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Ice KW - Ice loads KW - Icebreakers KW - Icebreaking KW - Loads KW - Measurement KW - Polar star (Vessel) KW - Ship motion KW - Ship response UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394348 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00661798 AU - Chen, Yao AU - Tunik, A L AU - Chen, A P AU - American Bureau of Shipping AU - Maritime Administration AU - Transport Canada TI - GLOBAL ICE FORCES AND SHIP RESPONSE TO ICE: ANALYSIS OF ICE RAMMING FORCES PY - 1990/12 SP - 135 p. AB - During September and October of 1985 the POLAR SEA conducted ice- impact tests on heavily ridged ice features in the Alaskan portion of the Beaufort Sea. Bending strain gage measurements were used to estimate the longitudinal bending moment distribution of the POLAR SEA during impacts with ice pressure ridges. Compressive strains along the stem and ship acceleration and velocity measurements were also recorded. This paper describes the method used for determining the global ice impact force from the measurements, and presents the results of these tests. A comparison of the results with other available data is also offered. Hull strain and impact force time histories are presented, along with the longitudinal bending and shear distributions during ice impact events. The results indicate that the method used in estimating the impact force provided an excellent understanding of ship-ice interaction. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Ice KW - Ice forces KW - Ice loads KW - Icebreakers KW - Impact loads KW - Loads KW - Measurement KW - Polar sea (Vessel) KW - Ship motion KW - Ship response KW - Strain gages UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404480 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650807 AU - Minnick, P AU - St John, J AU - Cowper, B AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - Arctec Canada Limited AU - Maritime Administration AU - Transport Canada TI - GLOBAL ICE FORCES AND SHIP RESPONSE TO ICE PY - 1990/12 SP - Various p. AB - During September and October of 1985, the icebreaker POLAR SEA conducted ice-impact tests on heavily ridged ice features in the Alaskan portion of the Beaufort Sea. Bending strain gage measurements were used to estimate the longitudinal bending moment distribution of the ship during impacts with ice pressure ridges. Compressive strains along the stem, as well as ship acceleration and velocity measurements, were also recorded. This report describes the method used for determining the global ice impact force from the measurements, and presents the results of the tests. Results are also compared with other available data. Hull strain and impact force time histories are presented, along with the longitudinal bending and shear distributions during ice impact events. The results indicate that the method used in estimating the impact force provided an excellent understanding of ship-ice interaction. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Ice KW - Ice loads KW - Icebreakers KW - Icebreaking KW - Loads KW - Measurement KW - Polar sea (Vessel) KW - Ship motion KW - Ship response UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394270 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00652412 AU - Daley, C AU - St John, J W AU - Brown, R AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - Arctec Canada Limited AU - Maritime Administration AU - Transport Canada TI - ICE FORCES AND SHIP RESPONSE TO ICE--CONSOLIDATION REPORT PY - 1990/12 SP - Various p. AB - The results and final analysis are presented of the local ice load measurements conducted on the four deployments aboard the USCGC POLAR SEA between October 1982 and November 1984. Data were collected in first year and multiyear level ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. The first and second deployment results from trips to the Alaskan Arctic, as well as the instrumentation and data analysis techniques, were presented in "Ice Loads and Ship Response to Ice" (SSC-329). The third deployment results from the Antarctic were presented in a report to the Maritime Adminstration. Results of the fourth data collection program from the Beaufort Sea in the summer of 1984 are presented in "Ice Loads and Ship Response to Ice--A Second Season" (SSC-339). This report summarizes the previous data collection programs and provides the final analysis of all data, as a whole. The results of the extreme value statistics derived are used to suggest ice load criteria in support of icebreaking ship design and hull design regulations for icebreaking ships. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Extreme values KW - Ice KW - Ice loads KW - Icebreakers KW - Icebreaking KW - Loads KW - Measurement KW - Operating rules KW - Polar sea (Vessel) KW - Pressure KW - Range (Statistics) KW - Ship motion KW - Ship response KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394355 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00661804 AU - Daley, C AU - St John, J W AU - Brown, R AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - Arctec Canada Limited AU - Maritime Administration AU - Transport Canada TI - ICE LOADS AND SHIP RESPONSE TO ICE--A SECOND SEASON PY - 1990/12 SP - Various p. AB - This report is the second in a series of six that addresses ice loads, ice forces, and ship response to ice. The research objective is to develop ice load criteria for the design of ships. The data for the reports were obtained during deployments of the U.S. Coast Guard Icebreaker POLAR SEA. The first report, published as SSC-329, contained an analysis of data from a single ice season. This report presents the results from a second season of ice breaking and includes a final analysis of local ice load measurements from four deployments. The other reports address global ice impact forces, hull strain and impact force time histories, and ice ramming forces. They are published as SSC-340 through SSC-343. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Hull instrumentation KW - Hulls KW - Ice KW - Ice loads KW - Instrumentation KW - Loads KW - Measurement KW - Ship motion KW - Ship response UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406562 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00608472 AU - Pollard, J K AU - Sussman, E D AU - STEARNS, M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBOARD CREW FATIGUE, SAFETY AND REDUCED MANNING. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/11 SP - 120 p. AB - This report describes an exploratory first phase of an investigation of human stress and fatigue in the merchant marine. Its principal purposes were to: survey the effects of fatigue on human performance in the transportation industries; describe the state of the art in measuring fatigue; investigate the causes of stress and fatigue on merchant ships; summarize the insights gained about the implications of reduced manning as well as measures to mitigate fatigue; and discuss the results of preliminary attempts to gauge fatigue during the routing voyages using survey methods. The findings in this report are based primarily upon about three dozen extended interviews conducted with officers on five merchant vessels during brief coastal voyages. In the course of these interviews, more than a score of variables were identified which affect fatigue and stress, which may be grouped into organizational factors, voyage and scheduling factors, ship-design factors, and physical/environmental factors. These interact in complex fashion resulting in widely different levels of fatigue on different ships and in different situations. The physiological and behavioral methods of fatigue measurement reviewed were found to be difficult to apply during routine operations, but the self-reporting survey techniques tested eventually proved quite workable. It was concluded that organization and design factors could provide opportunities under some circumstances for the design and operation of advanced merchant ships which can be sailed safely and efficiently by well-rested crews which are smaller than are common today. KW - Automation KW - Causes KW - Crew reduction KW - Crew size KW - Crews KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Interviewing KW - Measurement KW - Merchant marine KW - Mitigation KW - Performance KW - Ships KW - State of the art studies KW - Stress (Psychology) KW - Traffic mitigation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33400/33413/33413.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/351247 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672415 AU - Annino, L C AU - McCarthy, W L AU - Seaworthy Systems, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF RRF PROPULSION BOILERS AND DIESEL ENGINES, VOLUME I: FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/11 SP - 73 p. AB - This report contains a summarization, categorization and prioritization of various machinery conditions and operational problems that were documented during the activation of 56 Ready Reserve Force (RRF) steam and motor vessels which resulted in varying degrees of ship activation schedule delays. To assist in identifying potential diagnostic technologies and enhanced maintenance and repair (M&R) strategies and procedures, current Maritime Administration (MARAD) RRF steam and motor ship acquisition and M&R specifications were also reviewed. Problems identified included boiler tube leaks, improper safety valve function, stack fires and boiler mounting and piping system joint leaks for steamships and main engine control system failures, fuel oil contamination, lube oil contamination and valve and turbocharger damage for motor ships. Related problems such as fluid system piping leaks, heat exchanger tube failures and control air steam contamination were also encountered for both types of vessels. KW - Electronic control KW - Electronic engine controls KW - Fleets ships KW - Merchant marine KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Repairing KW - Ship maintenance KW - Ship repair KW - Ships KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666761 AU - Annino, L C AU - McCarthy, W L AU - Seaworthy Systems, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF RRF PROPULSION BOILERS AND DIESEL ENGINES. VOLUME 2. APPENDICES; REPT. FOR AUG 89-NOV 90 PY - 1990/11 SP - 167 p. AB - The report contains a summarization, categorization and prioritization of various machinery conditions and operational problems that were documented during the activation of 56 Ready Reserve Force (RRF) steam and motor vessels which resulted in varying degrees of ship activation schedule delays. To assist in identifying potential diagnostic technologies and enhanced maintenance and repair (M&R) strategies and procedures, current Maritime Administration (MARAD) RRF steam and motor ship acquisition and M&R specifications were also reviewed. Problems identified included boiler tube leaks, improper safety valve function, stack fires and boiler mounting and piping system joint leaks for steamships and main engine control system failures, fuel oil contamination, lube oil contamination and valve and turbocharger damage for motor ships. Related problems such as fluid system piping leaks, heat exchanger tube failures and control air steam contamination were also encountered for both types of vessels. KW - Boilers KW - Eddy current tests KW - Eddy currents KW - Information processing KW - Maintenance KW - Marine propulsion systems KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Ships KW - Tests KW - Ultrasonic tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406186 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00575640 AU - Annino, L C AU - McCarthy, W L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF RRF PROPULSION BOILERS AND DIESEL ENGINES: VOLUME I PY - 1990/11 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Boilers KW - Maintenance KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Military sealift KW - Military transportation KW - Propulsion KW - Ships KW - Ships by motive power KW - Steam KW - Steam boilers KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/338226 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666806 AU - Byrne, W A AU - Dillman, T A AU - Presearch Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - POTENTIAL MILITARY APPLICATION OF COMMERCIAL INTERMODAL EQUIPMENT ADVANCEMENTS: AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE STOCKPILING OF NATIONAL DEFENSE FEATURES; REPT. FOR AUG 89-OCT 90 PY - 1990/10/05 SP - 130 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to address alternatives to stockpiling National Defense Features (NDF)/Sealift Enhancement Features (SEF) and secondly to examine possible day-to-day commercial utilization of Government developed and procured NDFs/SEFs. Within the context of alternatives to stockpiling NDFs/SEFs the study explores and identifies intermodal industry technology advancements that may have military logistics application thereby, reducing the demand on the military to develop and procure their own specialized equipment. These technologies included advancements in Electronic Data Interchange, the Open-All Container, the Caged Flatbed, a Self- Propelled Intermodal Vehicle, the RoadRailer, Low-Clearance Rail Bogies, the Camelback Pallet Trailer, the Spine Car, the ROLLOADER, a Secured Modular Automotive Rail Transport System, Tank Containers, and All Side Opening Container. These technologies are in varying degrees of development. Suggestions on improvements that could enhance the military applications of each are contained within the study. Secondly, the study assesses equipment/technologies developed for the NDF/SEF program for their commercial utility. The study identifies those NDFs/SEFs that show the greatest commercial utility and how each may be employed to benefit both industry and Government. KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Cargo ships KW - Cargo transportation KW - Containers KW - Freight transportation KW - Logistics KW - Materials management KW - National defense KW - Stockpile management KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406229 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00661644 AU - Byrne, W A AU - Dillman, T A AU - Presearch Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE POTENTIAL MILITARY APPLICATION OF COMMERCIAL INTERMODAL EQUIPMENT ADVANCEMENTS--AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE STOCKPILING OF NATIONAL DEFENSE FEATURES PY - 1990/10 SP - Various p. AB - The purpose of this study is to address alternatives to stockpiling National Defense Features (NDF)/Sealift Enhancement Features (SEF) and to examine possible day-to-day commercial utilization of Government developed and procured NDFs/SEFs. Within the context of alternatives to stockpiling NDFs/SEFs, the study explores and identifies intermodal industry technology advancements that may have military logistics application, thereby reducing the demand on the military to develop and procure its own specialized equipment. These technologies are in varying degrees of development and include: advancements in electronic data interchange; the open-all container; the caged flatbed, a self-propelled intermodal vehicle; the RoadRailer; low-clearance rail bogies; the camelback pallet trailer; the spine car; the ROLLOADER, a secured modular automotive rail transport system; tank containers; and an all-side-opening container. Suggestions on improvements that could enhance the military applications of each are presented. The study also assesses the commercial utility of equipment and technologies developed for the NDF/SEF program. It identifies those that show the greatest utility and describes how each may be employed to benefit both industry and Government. Of the NDFs noted, only two, SEASHED Systems and Flatracks, are currently stockpiled by the Government. Actions necessary to place these units in commercial service are discussed. KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Containerized shipping KW - Defense shipping KW - Electronic data interchange KW - Heavy duty flatracks KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Military shipments KW - Pallets KW - Railroad transportation KW - Seashed KW - Spine cars KW - Stack trains KW - Tank containers KW - Tanks (Containers) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00579630 AU - Maritime Administration TI - RELATIVE COST OF SHIPBUILDING: A REPORT TO THE CONGRESS ON THE RELATIVE COST OF SHIPBUILDING IN THE VARIOUS COASTAL DISTRICTS OF TH PY - 1990/10 SP - 35 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Costs KW - Finance KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyards KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/337903 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666798 AU - Bates, R AU - Blenkhorn, J AU - Southwest Marine, Inc. AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES FOR EXPANDING U.S. SHIP REPAIR CAPACITY TO MEET NATIONAL DEFENSE MOBILIZATION REQUIREMENTS; FINAL REPT PY - 1990/09 SP - 174 p. AB - The ship repair capability of U.S. shipyards was investigated with a focus on the necessary requirements such a facility would need in the event of a mobilization. Facility and labor requirements were determined based on the analysis of shipyard data from MARAD's files and on a questionnaire sent to various shipyard executives. A number of shipyard layouts were developed with the final choice being one based on the SWM/IMIP design. The concept uses a land transfer ways to move the ship onto land, right next to the main shop building. Access cuts are made in the ship's side to provide direct access from the ship to the shops. Two versions of the concept were developed and cost estimates were prepared for both. One was for a facility which could use finger piers; the other was for a river location. A list of possible sites for locating the ideal ship repair facility was developed and acquisition options were proposed. KW - Drydocks KW - Industrial mobilization KW - Logistics KW - Military facilities KW - Mobilizing KW - Readiness KW - Shipyards KW - War potential UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672412 AU - Chen, H AU - Rodriguez, J AU - Sea-Land Service, Incorporated AU - Ocean Systems Incorporated AU - U.S. Department of Transportation TI - DECISION AIDS FOR FLEET MANAGEMENT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/08 SP - 59 p. AB - Complex inter-modal container transportation systems require efficient shipboard operation as well as shore-side management. Under the sponsorship of the Maritime Administration, Sea-Land Service, Inc. has installed, tested and evaluated the Integrated Marine Decision Support System developed by Ocean Systems, Inc. on two of its container ships operating in the Trans-Pacific trades. The system consists of a suite of PC-based programs to receive forecast wind and wave data via satellite communications, and to predict seakeeping and speedkeeping performance of the vessel for heavy weather damage avoidance and route planning purposes. Two additional programs were developed to aid decision making by the shipboard officers as well as shore-side management. Program capabilities and test results are discussed. KW - Communications KW - Containerships KW - Marine meteorology KW - Meteorology KW - Radio KW - Routing KW - Ship motion KW - Ship routing KW - Ship to shore KW - Ships KW - Water waves KW - Wave forecasting KW - Weather forecasting KW - Wind forces on ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666782 AU - Minnick, P AU - St John, J AU - Cowper, B AU - Edgecombe, M AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - Arctec Canada Limited AU - Ship Structure Committee AU - Maritime Administration AU - Transportation Development Centre TI - GLOBAL ICE FORCES AND SHIP RESPONSE TO ICE; FINAL REPT PY - 1990/08 SP - 79 p. AB - The report is the fourth in a series of six that address ice loads, ice forces, and ship response to ice. The data for these reports were obtained during deployments of the U.S. Coast Guard Icebreaker POLAR SEA. The report describes the method used to determine global ice impact forces from strain gage measurements and includes hull girder stress calculations and impact force time histories. KW - Beaufort Sea KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Hulls KW - Icebreakers KW - Impacts KW - Loads KW - Sea ice KW - Ship hulls KW - Ship structural components KW - Strain gages KW - Strain measurement KW - Stresses KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406206 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666781 AU - Daley, C AU - StJohn, J W AU - Brown, R AU - Meyer, J AU - GLEN, I AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - Arctec Canada Limited AU - Ship Structure Committee AU - Maritime Administration AU - Transportation Development Centre TI - ICE LOADS AND SHIP RESPONSE TO ICE: A SECOND SEASON; FINAL REPT PY - 1990/08 SP - 138 p. AB - The report presents the results and final analysis of the local ice load measurement conducted on four deployments aboard the USCGC POLAR SEA between 1982-84. Data were collected in first year and multiyear ice in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas and first year level ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. The objective of the most recent data collection effort (Beaufort Summer 84), was to gather additional data in heavy first year and multi-year ice in the Beaufort and North Chukchi Seas. A total of 337 events were analyzed of which 32 are known multi-year ice impacts. Level ice conditions varied in thickness from 2 to 3 ft (.6 to .9 m) and pressure ridges were transitted with sail heights as high as 8 ft (2.4 m). Speeds of advance during impacts varied from less than 1 kt to 7.5 kts (0.5 to 3.9 MPS). The highest single subpanel pressure measured was 1041 psi (7.2 MPa) and the highest peak force measured was 374 LT (380 MT). These values are about 25% smaller than the peak values for multi- year ice impacts measured on previous deployments. A statistical analysis of extreme pressures and forces was performed for the data collected on all four deployments and is presented in Volume II. Pressures over one subpanel, four subpanels, and total forces were fitted to 3 parameter extreme value distribution. The results of the statistical analysis were then used to suggest ice load criteria in support of icebreaking ship design and hull design regulations for icebreaking ships. KW - Beaufort Sea KW - Chukchi sea KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Hulls KW - Icebreakers KW - Impacts KW - Instruments for measuring loads or pressure KW - Loads KW - Measurement KW - Pressure KW - Pressure measurement KW - Sea ice KW - Ship hulls KW - Ship structural components KW - Statistical analysis KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406205 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00666805 AU - Chen, H AU - Rodriguez, J AU - Sea-Land Service, Incorporated AU - Ocean Systems Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DECISION AIDS FOR FLEET MANAGEMENT; FINAL REPT. DEC 88-AUG 90 PY - 1990/08 SP - 64 p. AB - Complex inter-modal container transportation systems require efficient shipboard operation as well as shore-side management. Under the sponsorship of the Maritime Administration, Sea-Land Service, Inc. has installed, tested and evaluated the Integrated Marine Decision Support System developed by Ocean Systems Inc. on two of its container ships operating in the Trans-Pacific trades. The system consists of a suite of PC-based programs to receive forecast wind and wave data via satellite communications, and to predict seakeeping and speedkeeping performance of the vessel for heavy weather damage avoidance and route planning purposes. Two additional programs were developed to aid decision making by the shipboard officers as well as shore-side management. The shipboard data logging program performs voyage data logging/report generating functions. The port operations planning program attempts to trade- off the loading/unloading cost with the expected fuel cost for on- time arrival at the next port. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Communications satellites KW - Freight transportation KW - Information systems KW - Navigation KW - Navigational aids KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Water transportation KW - Weather forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406228 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00661637 AU - Chen, H AU - Rodriguez, J AU - Ocean Systems Incorporated AU - Sea-Land Service, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DECISION AIDS FOR FLEET MANAGEMENT PY - 1990/08 SP - 59 p. AB - Complex intermodal container transportation systems require efficient shipboard operation as well as shoreside management. Under the sponsorship of the Maritime Administration, Sea-Land Service, Inc. has installed, tested and evaluated the Integrated Marine Decision Support System, developed by Ocean Systems, Inc., on two Sea-Land containerships operating in the transpacific trades. The system consists of a suite of PC-based programs to receive forecast wind and wave data via satellite communications, and to predict vessel seakeeping and speedkeeping performance for heavy weather damage avoidance and route planning purposes. Two additional programs were developed to aid decision making by the ships' officers, as well as by shoreside management. The shipboard data logging program performs voyage data logging and report generating functions. The port operations planning program attempts to trade off the loading/unloading cost with the expected fuel cost for on- time arrival at the next port. The program capabilities and test results are described. KW - Decision support systems KW - Fleet management KW - Port operations KW - Seakeeping KW - Ship speed KW - Shipboard systems KW - Weather forecasting KW - Weather routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404419 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496694 AU - SMITH, D S AU - Manalytics, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOUBLE STACK CONTAINER SYSTEMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. RAILROADS AND PORTS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1990/06 SP - 48 p. AB - This study assesses the potential for domestic double-stack container transportation and the implications of expanded double-stack systems for railroads, ports, and ocean carriers. The study suggests that double-stack service can be fully competitive with trucks in dense traffic corridors of 725 miles or more. There are opportunities to substantially increase double-stack service in existing corridors and to introduce double-stack service in secondary corridors, in outlying areas near major hubs, and for refrigerated commodities. To meet the challenge of providing and marketing a reliable, high quality, door-to-door service, railroads may have to take unaccustomed steps into marketing and customer service, or become strictly line-haul carriers. Ports must accommodate international double-stack growth, but they will be only indirectly affected by domestic containerization. Intermodal affiliates of ocean carriers will retain their leadership role in domestic containerization, while the ocean carriers themselves concentrate on international movements and markets. KW - Containers KW - Customer service KW - Double stack container cars KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International transportation KW - Marketing KW - Ocean carriers KW - Ocean shipping KW - Ports KW - Railroads KW - Ship lines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496696 AU - SMITH, D S AU - Manalytics, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOUBLE STACK CONTAINER SYSTEMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. RAILROADS AND PORTS. BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1990/06 SP - 46 p. AB - This study assesses the potential for domestic double-stack container transportation and the implications of expanded double-stack systems for railroads, ports, and ocean carriers. The study suggests that double-stack service can be fully competitive with trucks in dense traffic corridors of 725 miles or more. There are opportunities to substantially increase double-stack service in existing corridors and to introduce double-stack service in secondary corridors, in outlying areas near major hubs, and for refrigerated commodities. To meet the challenge of providing and marketing a reliable, high quality, door-to-door service, railroads may have to take unaccustomed steps into marketing and customer service, or become strictly line-haul carriers. Ports must accommodate international double-stack growth, but they will be only indirectly affected by domestic containerization. Intermodal affiliates of ocean carriers will retain their leadership role in domestic containerization, while the ocean carriers themselves concentrate on international movements and markets. KW - Bibliographies KW - Containers KW - Customer service KW - Double stack container cars KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International transportation KW - Marketing KW - Ocean carriers KW - Ocean shipping KW - Ports KW - Railroads KW - Ship lines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310326 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00496695 AU - SMITH, D S AU - Manalytics, Incorporated AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOUBLE STACK CONTAINER SYSTEMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. RAILROADS AND PORTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/06 SP - 357 p. AB - This study assesses the potential for domestic double-stack container transportation and the implications of expanded double-stack systems for railroads, ports, and ocean carriers. The study suggests that double-stack service can be fully competitive with trucks in dense traffic corridors of 725 miles or more. There are opportunities to substantially increase double-stack service in existing corridors and to introduce double-stack service in secondary corridors, in outlying areas near major hubs, and for refrigerated commodities. To meet the challenge of providing and marketing a reliable, high quality, door-to-door service, railroads may have to take unaccustomed steps into marketing and customer service, or become strictly line-haul carriers. Ports must accommodate international double-stack growth, but they will be only indirectly affected by domestic containerization. Intermodal affiliates of ocean carriers will retain their leadership role in domestic containerization, while the ocean carriers themselves concentrate on international movements and markets. KW - Containers KW - Customer service KW - Double stack container cars KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International transportation KW - Marketing KW - Ocean carriers KW - Ocean shipping KW - Ports KW - Railroads KW - Ship lines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310325 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660960 AU - Schultz, H E AU - Richards, R C AU - Coast Guard, Marine Fire and Safety Research Division AU - United States Coast Guard AU - Maritime Administration TI - SUPPRESSION METHODS FOR DEEP SEATED COAL FIRES PY - 1990/03 SP - 122 p. AB - This study is the result of a joint U.S. Coast Guard/Maritime Administration effort to identify fire prevention and suppression techniques for spontaneously induced coal cargo fires. Four test series were conducted to investigate spontaneous ignition, permeation, fire quench, and coal column fire characteristics. The spontaneous ignition tests identified variables that could be controlled in an attempt to prevent combustion. Results showed that spontaneous ignition is difficult to predict and, therefore, control. The permeation studies evaluated carbon dioxide and nitrogen as suppression agents. Results indicate the retention time of nitrogen in a coal pile to be far greater than the retention time of carbon dioxide. The fire quench tests compared these agents when applied to a hot fire. Results show that both are equally effective at displacing oxygen. The coal column tests applied these agents to a deep-seated fire at different locations. Results support those of the permeation studies and show mid-level injection of the agents to be most effective. Thus, the study indicates that a portable system that applies nitrogen to the middle of the coal pile is the most effective fire suppresion method. Large-scale work should be undertaken to verify this. KW - Coal KW - Fire causes KW - Fire fighting KW - Fire prevention KW - Flammability tests KW - Prevention KW - Spontaneous combustion KW - Suppression UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672413 AU - Lembeck, H G AU - Lembeck Associates, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONTAINERIZED BULK EXPORT SHIPMENT OF WHEAT FLOUR. FINAL REPORT PY - 1990/02 SP - 75 p. AB - Exporting of wheat flour is a major activity of the U.S. Flag ocean transportation system. With some few exceptions, all exported wheat flour is handled in bags. Handling flour in bags is expensive for flour millers; inefficient to transport to and handle within ports; creates serious vessel delays during loading and unloading; and results in unsanitary conditions. The standard intermodal container is a well-developed system. A special disposable liner system which allows bulk loading and unloading of flour into intermodal containers was developed and tested as part of the research. Analysis shows that substantial savings in transport and handling cost could be realized. Testing has shown it is feasible to handle flour in bulk in containers. A simulated export shipment resulted in no damage to the flour. The report defines additional development required as well as a pilot program for containerized bulk movement from the U.S. to a developing country bakery. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Bulk grain KW - Bulk handling KW - Containerization KW - Containerized cargo KW - Containers KW - Grain KW - Wheat UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00659600 AU - Lembeck, H G AU - Lembeck Associates, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONTAINERIZED BULK EXPORT SHIPMENT OF WHEAT FLOUR PY - 1990/02 SP - 82 p. AB - While most of the flour handled within the U.S. is transported in bulk, most of that intended for export is handled in bags. Bags have many disadvantages: they are expensive for the flour miller; they are inefficient to transport to, and handle within, ports; they create vessel delays during loading and unloading; and their use can result in unsanitary conditions. Systems for handling flour in bulk are well developed, as is the standard intermodal container. Research is described on a special disposable liner system that allows bulk loading and unloading of flour into intermodal containers. Analysis shows its potential for substantial savings in transport and handling costs, and tests have demonstrated its feasibility. A simulated export shipment indicated no damage to the containerized bulk flour. Additional development work that is needed is discussed. A pilot program is proposed for using the system to transport flour from the United States to a bakery in a developing country. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Containerized shipping KW - Containers KW - Flour KW - Linings KW - Plastics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399434 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00659745 AU - Latorre, R AU - University of New Orleans AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENTS IN SURFACE FAIRING PROCEDURES; DEVELOPMENTS IN HULL SURFACE FAIRING PY - 1990/02 SP - 75 p. AB - As a contribution to the development and use of mathematical surfaces for representing a curved hull surface, this report describes a number of studies that were conducted. Matters investigated included: how well design surfaces represented a double sinusoidal test surface; the sensitivity of each comparison; and the use of geodesic traces in terms of hull plate development. A procedure is described for hull plate development, based on the use of geodesic traces. Results indicate that the Gordon surface is more suitable than the Coons surface. KW - Computer aided design KW - Fairing lines KW - Hull form KW - Hulls KW - Lines fairing KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399479 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660652 AU - Voelker, R P AU - NKF Engineering, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - ARTIC MARINE TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM, 1979 TO 1986 PY - 1990/02 SP - 132 p. AB - During the period 1979 to 1986, the Maritime Administration was designated as the lead agency for a multiyear, multisponsored Arctic Marine Transportation Program. The primary objective of the program was to collect operational and field data during the deployment of the nation's Polar Class icebreakers in the Arctic and Antarctic, and Great Lakes icebreakers in Green Bay, Wisconsin. In all, seventeen ship deployments occurred during the program, which resulted in numerous accomplishments, as documented in over fifty reports. These reports cover a wide spectrum of Arctic marine technology. The primary focus was directed toward three major considerations: assessing the feasibility of commercial marine operations; improving ship design criteria; and defining the environmental conditions along potential marine routes. The purpose of this report is to consolidate the reports into an executive summary. KW - Arctic marine transportation KW - Great Lakes KW - Ice navigation KW - Ice research KW - Icebreakers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404070 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00568373 AU - Lembeck, H G AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONTAINERIZED BULK EXPORT OF WHEAT FLOUR: PROTOTYPE DESIGN AND TESTING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT REPORT PY - 1990/02 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Containerization KW - Containers KW - Flour KW - Transportation KW - Wheat UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/331078 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660764 AU - Beaver, W E AU - Iwashita, R K AU - David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - ESTIMATED POWERING PERFORMANCE FOR SEVERAL FAST SEALIFT SHIP CONCEPTS PY - 1990/01 SP - 105 p. AB - Four hull designs were developed to meet MARAD criteria for a fast sealift ship with triple-screw propulsion and a 35 knot capability. Calm water powering estimates for each concept are presented. The commercial viability of the concept is evaluated by comparison with full-scale data for a state-of-the-art container ship. Extensive use was made of previous model test results to aid in the selection and evaluation of the concept designs. No model tests, however, were performed in direct support of this sealift project. KW - Energy consumption KW - High speed vessels KW - Hull form KW - Hulls KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Power requirements KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsive performance KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Triple screws KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404093 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00600779 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON PORT AND SHIPPING SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1989 PY - 1990/01 SP - 44 p. AB - This report is the 14th in a series concerning safety and environmental protection matters related to ports and shipping. Highlights from the information in this report are as follows: (1) The 16th session of the Assembly (A 16) met at International Maritime Organization (IMO) Headquarters in London from October 9-20, 1989. Among its numerous actions, the Assembly approved all but one of the many draft resolutions before it, as well as the IMO budget for the 1990-1991 biennium. (2) The 12th consultative meeting of contracting parties to the London Dumping Convention (LDC 12) was held at IMO Headquarters in London from October 30 to November 3, 1989. Issues addressed at LDC 12 include the report of the Scientific Group on Dumping, the incineration of wastes at sea, the disposal of offshore installations and platforms, the disposal of radioactive waste, and the long-term strategy for the LDC. (3) On October 6, 1989, the Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Transportation, proposed to adopt new regulations for the safe design, installation, and operation of marine vapor control systems. In addition to this proposed rulemaking for providing national safety requirements, the Coast Guard is working with the IMO to develop similar international safety standards. (4) The Marine Board, National Research Council, has issued a report, dated October 1989, concerning contaminated marine sediments. The report examines the extent and significance of marine sediment contamination in the United States; reviews the state of the art of contaminated sediment cleanup and remediation technology; identifies and appraises alternative sediment management strategies; and identifies research and development needs and issues for subsequent technical assessment. (5) The Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress, has issued a report, dated October 1989, concerning the municipal solid waste problem facing the United States. This report discusses options for a national policy based on the dual strategies of municipal solid waste prevention and better management. KW - Environmental protection KW - Ports KW - Safety KW - Shipping KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/344178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00659889 AU - St John, J W AU - Daley, C AU - Blount, H AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Arctec Canada Limited AU - Maritime Administration AU - Transport Canada TI - ICE LOADS AND SHIP RESPONSE TO ICE PY - 1990 SP - Various p. AB - In two previous Ship Structure Commmittee reports, the assessment of various rules pertaining to the design of ice-strengthened vessels was undertaken. Empirical recommendations were made for vessel scantlings, but the need for full-scale data was recognized. This report presents the results of obtaining full-scale local ice pressure loads near the bow of the U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker POLAR SEA as a step toward the development of local ice load criteria for icebreaking ships. The data was obtained by instrumenting a bow panel of approximately 100 sq. ft. to measure ice pressures by measuring compressive strains in the webs of transverse frames. Only events over a preset threshold strain were recorded, and there were approximately 1400 such recorded events on two deployments--one to the Beaufort Sea in September-October 1982 recording summer multiyear ice impacts, and one to the Chukchi Sea in March-April 1983 recording both first year and multiyear winter ice impacts. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Hull instrumentation KW - Hulls KW - Ice KW - Ice loads KW - Instrumentation KW - Loads KW - Measurement KW - Ship motion KW - Ship response UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400297 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00445652 AU - Tam, G AU - Kotras, T AU - Dillingham, J AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROTOTYPE EXPERT SYSTEM FOR CONTAINERSHIP STOWAGE PLANNING: USER'S MANUAL PY - 1989/11 SP - 62 PP IN V AB - No abstract provided. KW - Containerships KW - Expert systems KW - Stow computer program KW - Stowage KW - Unitized cargo UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/262002 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00445653 AU - Tam, G AU - Kotras, T AU - Dillingham, J AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROTOTYPE EXPERT SYSTEM FOR CONTAINERSHIP STOWAGE PLANNING: VOLUME I, FINAL REPORT PY - 1989/11 SP - 63 PP IN V AB - No abstract provided. KW - Containerships KW - Expert systems KW - Stow computer program KW - Stowage KW - Unitized cargo UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/262003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00659744 AU - Zahn, P B AU - ARCTEC Offshore Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE ESTIMATION OF ICEBREAKER POWERING AND PROPULSION PY - 1989/08 SP - Various p. AB - A summary of icebreaker resistance and propulsion data collected during the Arctic Marine Transportation Project between 1979 and 1986 is presented. Included are discussions of dedicated resistance and propulsion tests, trafficability test results, and examples of recommended prediction techniques. This information, presented in the form of a handbook, is combined with data and design techniques from the literature. Principal technical areas addressed include: level ice resistance; performance in irregular ice features such as pressure ridges and broken ice; and considerations for the selection and design of propulsion equipment. KW - Icebreakers KW - Propulsion KW - Resistance KW - Trafficability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400281 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658121 AU - Lembeck, H G AU - Lembeck Associates, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - TRANSPORTABLE, FLOATING, BULK GRAIN UNLOADING PORT FACILITIES PY - 1989/08 SP - Various p. AB - The movement of grain is a major activity of the U.S.-flag ocean transportation system. Efficient handling of grain at foreign destination ports affects the cost of ocean freight, and therefore has a direct impact on the U.S. shipping industry, the government, the farming sector and other commercial interests. Off-loading facilities at destination ports are often inadequate or inefficient. Shallow draft berths, long vessel-waiting times, and inefficient off-loading operations all have adverse effects on the cost of ocean freight. The author suggests that the development of a floating, bulk grain-unloading facility that would be readily transportable by LASH barges aboard a mother vessel is a solution to the problem and is both technically and financially feasible. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo handling KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Freight rates KW - Freight traffic KW - Grain KW - Grain trade KW - LASH barges KW - Loading and unloading KW - Marine terminals KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Rates KW - Unloading systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00568372 AU - CHAI, C AU - Reiter, S AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE FOR A SHIPBOARD CONTINGENCY PLANNING SYSTEM PY - 1989/08 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Expert systems KW - Information processing KW - Maintenance KW - Marine safety KW - Ships KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/331077 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660434 AU - Reh, C M AU - Fleeger, A K AU - COLLINS, J W AU - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Maritime Administration TI - HEALTH HAZARD EVALUATION REPORT PY - 1989/05 SP - 13 p. AB - A study was made of possible reasons for workers losing time from work at the Maritime Administration Reserve Fleets at Benicia, California and Fort Eustis, Virginia. At these worksites, activities associated with the mooring, preservation and maintenance of ships in the National Defense Reserve were undertaken. Most of the work involved manual materials handling tasks associated with the movement of ships in and out of the fleet, such as the handling of anchors, anchor inspecting and maintaining the engine room, cargo holds, and deck machinery with time spent in welding, metal working, painting, and other maintenance activities. The most frequent injuries occurring to workers at these sites included back muscle strains and sprains, groin pulls and hernias. Less prevalent injuries included eye injuries due to foreign objects, nail punctures to the soles of the feet, and muscle strains and sprains. There was also potential exposure to asbestos observed at both sites. A potential health hazard existed from pulling steel cable and nylon rope, lifting and carrying marine batteries, nail punctures, slips and falls, vibrating handtools, and foreign bodies in the eyes. Measures for lowering the risks of musculoskeletal and traumatic injuries and for reducing possible asbestos exposures are recommended. KW - Asbestos KW - Health hazards KW - Injuries KW - National defense reserve fleet KW - Personnel accidents KW - Safety KW - Shipyard safety KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399738 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00555385 AU - Gifford, C R AU - ROWSEY, J AU - Maritime Administration TI - NATIONAL DEFENSE RESERVE FLEET BERTHING ANALYSIS FOR SURFACE EFFECT FAST SEALIFT SHIPS (SFS) AND NOTIONAL SL7S (NSL7) PY - 1989/04 SP - 81 PP IN V AB - No abstract provided. KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Military sealift KW - Military transportation KW - Mooring KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/318640 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00554333 AU - SENNOT, J W AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME NAVIGATION COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM.: VOLUME III, STATE OF THE ART SURVEY PY - 1989/04 SP - 182 PP IN AB - No abstract provided. KW - Electronic equipment KW - Electronic navigation KW - Great Lakes KW - Navigation KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/318513 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657162 AU - Rowland, D P AU - Detroit Diesel Allison AU - Warrior and Gulf Navigation Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - APPLICATION OF ADVANCED DIESEL TECHNOLOGY TO INLAND WATERWAY TOWBOATS PY - 1989/03 SP - 107 p. AB - This document reports on an evaluation of potential improvements in engine performance, based on the application of advanced diesel technology. From the results of 20,000 hours of operational testing aboard the towboat ESCATAWPA, the author concludes that significant gains in fuel efficiency and overall vessel performance can be attained with the Detroit Diesel Corporation DDC Series 149 diesel engine by upgrading to the advanced technology available for air induction systems, electronic fuel injection, camshafts, valve trains, and cylinder kits. KW - Air cooling KW - Cooling systems KW - Ddc 149 engine series KW - Diesel engines KW - Engine components KW - Escatawpa (Vessel) KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel injectors KW - Performance evaluations KW - Technological innovations KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398650 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658110 AU - Golden Gate Ports Association AU - Maritime Administration AU - Price Waterhouse and Company TI - PORT AUTOMATED CARGO RELEASE SYSTEM: METHODOLOGY AND GUIDELINES FOR REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION AND CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PY - 1989/02 SP - Various p. AB - The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines to port authorities who are considering the development of a community cargo release system (CCRS) as a part of their overall computerization plan. The purpose of a CCRS is to establish a link to the Automated Commercial System (ACS) of the U.S. Customs Service that can be used by firms in the local trade community to transmit entry and manifest information to the system. Customs is then expected to respond with the status of the documents submitted to it, and its intentions with regard to inspection of the related cargo. Longer-range objectives of participation in ACS include paperless entry and manifest processing and access to other computer-based Customs programs. KW - Automation KW - Cargo movements KW - Community cargo release system KW - Freight documentation KW - Freight transportation KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Port authorities KW - Port operations KW - Releasing KW - United States Customs Service UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400162 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657549 AU - Meehan Seaway Service Ltd. AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF AUTOMATED BAGGING AND HANDLING FACILITIES FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS PY - 1989/01 SP - Various p. AB - This document reports on a study that was carried out to determine the feasibility of an automated materials handling system for bagging and handling government-sponsored agricultural product exports and to assess the potential of such a system for reducing the Federal government costs of shipping preference cargo. KW - Agricultural products KW - Automation KW - Cargo handling KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Exports KW - Federal government KW - Market analysis KW - Market assessment KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400078 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00554332 AU - Maritime Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF AUTOMATED BAGGING AND HANDLING FACILITIES FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1989/01 SP - 110 PP IN AB - No abstract provided. KW - Automation KW - Bags KW - Cargo handling KW - Costs KW - Farm produce KW - Loading and unloading KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/318512 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657487 AU - Pisani, J M AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATES: STATUS, ISSUES AND OUTLOOK PY - 1989 SP - 48 p. AB - The author presents an extensive overview of port development in the United States. Topics covered include: the status of the current port system; current and projected funding sources for the port industry; environmental, safety, and security factors affecting ports; and issues and prospects relating to coastal seaports, Great Lakes ports, and inland shallow draft ports. KW - Cargo handling KW - Costs KW - Deepwater harbors KW - Financing KW - Great Lakes KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Marine terminals KW - Overviews KW - Port capacity KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Port security KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Security KW - Shallow draft ports KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398757 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00482448 AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOMESTIC WATERBORNE TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES 1986 PY - 1988/12 SP - 95 p. AB - This volume exhibits the flow of domestic waterborne commerce in the United States, with the purpose of promoting awareness of the scale, diversity, and vitality of that commerce. Published annually, it is based on data initially collected by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and furnished to the Maritime Administration through interagency agreement. This edition contains data for calendar year 1986. KW - Data KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland waterways KW - Oceans KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/292290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00480978 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON SURVEY OF U.S. SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR FACILITIES. 1988 PY - 1988/12 SP - 112 p. AB - In compliance with the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, as amended, the Maritime Administration (MARAD) conducts an annual survey to obtain information from the shipbuilding and ship repair industry to be used primarily to determine if an adequate mobilization base exists for national defense and for use in a national emergency. This report contains the results of the 1988 survey. KW - Data collection KW - Facilities KW - Shipyard facilities KW - Shipyards KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Tables (Data) KW - U.S. Maritime Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/291762 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656596 AU - Tam, G W AU - Kotras, T V AU - Dillingham, J AU - ARCTEC Offshore Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROTOTYPE EXPERT SYSTEM FOR CONTAINER SHIP STOWAGE PLANNING PY - 1988/11 AB - This is a two-volume report on a project that consisted primarily of building and testing a prototype expert system to provide decision making support to persons who are responsible for planning stowage aboard containerships. Volume 1, Technical Report, presents the details of the development of the system, which was written in Turbo Prolog and was formulated on the basis of an actual loading configuration for a Farrell Lines vessel. Volume 2, User's Manual, describes the design and operation of the expert system and documents details of the rules for container placement guidelines and restrictions. KW - Container stowage KW - Containers KW - Containerships KW - Decision making KW - Expert systems KW - Planning KW - Prototypes KW - Stowage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399961 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658088 AU - Trankle, T L AU - Systems Control, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF KINGS POINTER MANEUVERING MODEL FROM SEA TRIALS DATA PY - 1988/10 SP - 118 p. AB - The Maritime Administration has developed a portable instrument package designed expressly for the collection of maneuvering sea trial data for the identification of the hydrodynamic coefficients appearing in ship simulation models. This Marine Coefficient Identification System (MARCIS) uses high quality inertial sensors to provide ship motion data. This report describes the collection of data by MARCIS aboard the KINGS POINTER during several days of maneuvering trials in 1987. Data processing methods are discussed and a nonlinear maneuvering model of the KINGS POINTER is described. The model accurately simulates a wide variety of maneuvers, including zigzag maneuvers, turns, longitudinal accelerations, and turning maneuvers. KW - Data collection KW - Hydrodynamic coefficients KW - Instrumentation KW - Kings pointer (Vessel) KW - Maneuvering KW - Marcis (Marine coefficient identification system) KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Seaworthiness KW - Sensors KW - Ship hydrodynamics KW - Ship motion KW - Ship simulators KW - Ship trials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398959 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656603 AU - KWOK, L AU - ARCTEC Offshore Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - DETAIL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE USE OF A MARATHON LETOURNEAU 116C JACKUP AS A SHIPPING TERMINAL PY - 1988/09 SP - 377 p. AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using the Marathon LeTourneau 116C jackup drilling rig as the primary crane platform for a flexible initial response shipping terminal (FIRST). The report deals mainly with the general layout of the FIRST system, crane selection, variable load capacity of the individual jackups, design of the mooring system, estimated costs, and projected installation schedules. For related documents, see AN 8698 and AN 8699. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Cranes KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Jackup platforms KW - Mooring KW - Moorings KW - Offshore platforms KW - Offshore terminals KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656624 AU - KWOK, L AU - ARCTEC Offshore Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - MODEL STUDY OF BOTTOM FOUNDED AND MOORED SEMISUBMERSIBLE LOADING/OFFLOADING TERMINAL PY - 1988/09 AB - A study of a mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU) as a cargo handling in-situ port facility was conducted. Two configurations were investigated. A bottom-founded semisubmersible deployed as a container loading and offloading terminal was studied in the first configuration. In the second configuration, two mooring systems, each with eight mooring lines, were considered for the floating semisubmersible. Volume 1 describes the models and test programs, presents test results, and evaluates the feasibility of using a semisubmersible as a temporary cargo loading/offloading facility. Volume 2 consists of two appendices that contain statistical data on the behavior of the submersible under various test conditions. KW - Container terminals KW - Loading and unloading KW - Mobile platforms KW - Model tests KW - Offshore terminals KW - Scale models KW - Semisubmersibles KW - Unloading systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656623 AU - ARCTEC Offshore Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - A STUDY OF MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS CONVERTED FOR USE AS TEMPORARY UNLOADING FACILITIES FOR MILITARY CARGO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1988/09 SP - 107 p. AB - This volume is the executive summary of a project that investigated ways of utilizing both jack-up and semisubmersible mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs) as temporary facilities for handling military cargo. The various phases of the project are addressed in Model Study of Bottom Founded and Moored Semisubmersible Loading/Offloading Terminal and Detail Design Considerations for the Use of a Marathon LeTourneau 116C Jackup As a Shipping Terminal. KW - Defense shipping KW - Jackup platforms KW - Loading and unloading KW - Military shipments KW - Mobile platforms KW - Offshore terminals KW - Semisubmersibles KW - Unloading systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398476 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656602 AU - Carson, J AU - Dibner, B AU - Cohen, M AU - Temple, Barker and Sloane, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - MILITARY SEALIFT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM--PROMOTION OF DEFENSE RELEVANT SHIPS IN JONES ACT TRADES PY - 1988/09 AB - In the past two decades, the United States has developed a distinctive fleet of seagoing tug-barge units to transport a wide range of cargoes in the domestic trades protected by the Jones Act. These highly cost-efficient vessels do not currently possess sea speeds necessary to perform certain military missions, notably transoceanic convoys for the first supply of forces and for resupply. This study analyzes the economic factors that have been the impetus for the construction of tug-barge units, as opposed to faster, self-propelled ships, and proposes ship designs that incorporate defense-relevant attributes. According to the authors, these conceptual designs can emulate tug-barge features and still retain a high level of defense relevance. It is pointed out that promotion of defense-relevant features should be initiated as soon as possible to take advantage of upcoming vessel replacement opportunities. An appendix volume contains specifications and cost calculations for the proposed conceptual ship designs. KW - Coastal vessels KW - Defense preparedness KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Domestic KW - Domestic shipping KW - Domestic transportation KW - Economic factors KW - Merchant Marine Act, 1920 KW - Military Sealift Command KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipping KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399966 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00445481 AU - Carson, J AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROMOTION OF DEFENSE RELEVANT SHIPS IN JONES ACT TRADES PY - 1988/09 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Barges KW - Logistics KW - Shipping KW - Ships KW - Subsidies KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/261988 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00479511 AU - Maritime Administration TI - A REPORT TO THE CONGRESS ON THE STATUS OF THE PUBLIC PORTS OF THE UNITED STATES 1986-1987 PY - 1988/09 SP - v.p. AB - This is the U.S. Department of Transportation's Annual Report on the Status of the Public Ports of the United States for calendar years 1986 and 1987. It contains sections on the institutional nature of the U.S. port industry, updates economic and technological developments, summarizes the national defense importance of the port industry and discusses port development issues. KW - Development KW - Economics KW - Ports KW - Reviews KW - Technology KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/288056 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656482 AU - Kang, C AU - Troesch, A W AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - Maritime Administration TI - BOW IMPACT LOADS INCLUDING THE EFFECTS OF FLARE, FINAL REPORT PY - 1988/08 SP - 154 p. AB - This report presents the results of investigations dealing with the following aspects of impact hydrodynamics: (1) impact forces acting on two axisymmetric bodies; (2) flare impact loads for non- axisymmetric three-dimensional bodies; (3) nonlinear hydrodynamics of an axisymmetric body; and (4) the nonlinear free surface/floating body interaction problem. KW - Bows KW - Flare (Shape) KW - Floating bodies KW - Floating structures KW - Free surface KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Impact loads KW - Lagrangian functions KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Nonlinearity KW - Three dimensional UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398422 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656472 AU - Ostapenko, A AU - Yoo, D AU - Lehigh University AU - Maritime Administration TI - TRIPPING OF ASYMMETRICAL STIFFENERS UNDER COMBINED LOADING PY - 1988/08 SP - 60 p. AB - This document reports on a study of the tripping strength of asymmetrical longitudinal plate stiffeners subjected to a combination of axial and lateral loads. The method of analysis is based on the principle of minimum total potential. First yielding was used as the criterion of ultimate strength. Instability under axial loading was investigated for the symmetrical (Tee) and asymmetrical (Angle) stiffeners. Angle stiffeners showed greater capacity than Tee stiffeners for lower values of the slenderness ratio (L/r), but lower capacity for higher values of the slenderness ratio, especially after consideration of the deformations of the stiffener web. Under combined axial and lateral loads, there was a significant decrease in the capacity of asymmetrical (Angle) stiffeners because of the distortion of the cross section as compared to the undeformed or symmetrical sections. A modified effective width concept was introduced into the analysis to consider the effect of postbuckling plate deformations under combined loading condition. The effect of initial imperfections of stiffeners was also included. KW - Axial loads KW - Buckling KW - Deformation KW - Plates KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Stiffeners KW - Stiffeners (Plates) KW - Structural members KW - Torsion KW - Ultimate strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398415 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656503 AU - Simmons, G R AU - August Design and Development AU - Maritime Administration TI - CUSTOMER SERVICE VOICE RESPONSE SYSTEM PY - 1988/07 SP - 73 p. AB - This report deals with the development of a prototype Customer Service Voice Response (CSVR) system for the U.S. water transportation industry. The system, designed to provide user access via telephone to specific information held in the database of a mainframe computer, is microcomputer-based and includes hardware for speech synthesis, touch tone decoding, terminal emulation and micro-to-mainframe communications. The author indicates that the CSVR is presently in use for a trial period. KW - Microcomputers KW - Speech KW - Speech synthesis KW - Telecommunications KW - Voice communication KW - Waterborne transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398436 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00672414 AU - Tam, G W AU - Kotras, T V AU - Dillingham, J AU - ARCTEC Offshore Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROTOTYPE EXPERT SYSTEM CONTAINERSHIP FOR STOWAGE PLANNING. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1988/06 SP - 120 p. AB - This report presents details of the development of a prototype expert system for providing decision support to containership planning. The constraints and guidelines incorporated into the rule system included interference, physical support, weight, grouping, overstowage and backloading requirements. The technical approaches, solution strategies, processing algorithms, program control and interfaces, are implemented in the program and documented. Four test cases were performed. In all cases, the same container booking data and vessel geometry were used. The cases varied in the way they were solved by adopting different solution strategies. The performance of the program was evaluated on the basis of the number of overstow faults which appeared in the computer-generated stowage plans. KW - Container stowage KW - Containers KW - Containerships KW - Expert systems KW - Microcomputers KW - Prototypes KW - Ship operations KW - Shipping KW - Stowage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/411509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656243 AU - Kaplan, P AU - Sankaranarayanan, K AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A GENERALIZED HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE MODULE FOR INTERACTING SHIPS IN A SHALLOW ASYMMETRIC CANAL PY - 1988/06 SP - 82 p. AB - A theoretical analysis of the hydrodynamic forces resulting from the interaction of two ships in a shallow asymmetric channel is presented. The ships can be passing, overtaking or moving as single vehicles in such a waterway. Comparison of theoretical results with model test data for a number of different operating conditions, shows good agreement. An important aspect of the analysis is the allowance for arbitrary orientation and motion of each ship, with the hydrodynamic interaction forces reflecting the influence of the vessel dynamic motion variables (sway, yaw, etc.) for each ship. It is pointed out that this is a more realistic model of ship interaction effects, inasmuch as the interaction forces are formulated as a module (for each ship) that can be incorporated or coupled with the maneuvering equations of motion for each vessel. The developed model can be applied to the case of two ships passing or overtaking, or a to single ship with arbitrary motion and orientation in a channel. KW - Equations of motion KW - Hydrodynamic forces KW - Hydrodynamic pressure KW - Overtaking encounters KW - Passing vessels KW - Shallow water KW - Ship encounters KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656479 AU - YAMANAKA, K AU - Gaffney, M AU - Cornell University AU - American President Lines AU - Maritime Administration TI - EFFECTIVE MANNING IN THE ORIENT: A REVIEW OF ASIAN DEVELOPMENTS PY - 1988/03/15 SP - 87 p. AB - This report summarizes information relating to the effective manning of merchant vessels in Asia. The data was obtained during a 1985 visit by an American group (including the authors, APL management personnel, and union officials) with ship operators, union officials, and government representatives in Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. Topics covered include manning levels; shipboard job integration; dual purpose crews; social integration of ship personnel; work planning; and maritime training. Individual viewpoints on manning by two of the trip participants are expressed at the conclusion of the report. KW - Crew duties KW - Education and training KW - Hong Kong (China) KW - Japan KW - Labor market KW - Manning requirements KW - Personnel management KW - Reduced crews KW - Singapore KW - Surveys KW - Taiwan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398421 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00655705 AU - Grabowski, M R AU - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE PILOTING EXPERT SYSTEM: DECISION SUPPORT TO MASTERS, PILOTS, AND MATES ON WATCH AT SEA AND IN CLOSE WATERS PY - 1988/03 SP - Various AB - The Piloting Expert System is a prototype developed for shipboard piloting applications by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute for the U.S. Maritime Administration. It provides decision support to masters, mates on watch, and pilots aboard merchant vessels in congested waterways by allowing users to mentally rehearse typical and atypical piloting transits before making actual voyages. Volume 1, Technical Report, describes the design of the Piloting Expert System, reviews the empirical research conducted with a prototype system, and discusses some of the benefits accruing to the maritime industry as a result of the system's development. Volume 2, User's Manual, describes the Piloting Expert System's operating procedures. KW - Congested waters KW - Decision support systems KW - Expert systems KW - Navigation KW - Piloting expert system UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399891 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00655966 AU - Strasser, R C AU - Roettger, W R AU - MacGregor-Navire (USA), Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPROVEMENTS IN LOADING AND DISCHARGE OF MILITARY SEALIFT BREAKBULK CARGOES PY - 1988/02 SP - Various p. AB - The objective of this study was to investigate how the usefulness of general cargo vessels involved in strategic sealift operations might be enhanced by employing a device known as a Rotoloader to load and discharge their cargoes. The Rotoloader is a cargo handling elevator system designed for use in conjunction with forklift trucks. Emphasis was placed on exploring ways of improving cargo loading and discharge rates when using the Rotoloader while the vessel is moored in a stream during an assault on a beachhead. KW - Break bulk cargo KW - Bulk cargo KW - Cargo handling KW - Defense preparedness KW - Military Sealift Command KW - Rotoloader (Cargo handling system) KW - Throughput UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399904 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00655055 AU - Paulling, J R AU - Tikka, K AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Maritime Administration TI - STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF EXTREME ROLL MOTION PY - 1988/02 SP - 77 p. AB - Statistical methods for predicting large roll motions are investigated. Characteristics of extreme motions are studied to assess their importance for the occurrence of critical roll angles. Existing methods for predicting statistics of nonlinear roll motion are reviewed, and a new approach for the prediction of large roll motions in following seas is proposed. KW - Forecasting KW - Rolling KW - Ship motion KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394001 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660175 AU - Speaker, L M AU - O'Neil, D J AU - Campbell, D P AU - University of Georgia, Experiment AU - Maritime Administration TI - A NOVEL TREATMENT FOR ANTIFOULING AND DRAG REDUCTION OF SHIP HULLS, FINAL REPORT PY - 1988/01/29 SP - Various p. AB - This research effort explored the extension of AFT (anti-fouling technology), which has been demonstrated on separatory polymer membranes, to the protection of bronze and painted steel substrates that are exposed to marine fouling environments. AFT depends upon deposition on the substrate of assemblies of oriented films of surfactants that are precisely one molecule thick. Experiments were performed using various coated substrate materials exposed to estuarine environments, and results are presented. In conclusion, the report proposes additional research toward production of permanently fouling-resistant nontoxic finishes for all marine applications. KW - Antifouling coatings KW - Drag KW - Drag reduction KW - Hulls KW - Membranes KW - Membranes (Biology) KW - Polymers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657222 AU - Zahn, P B AU - ARCTEC Offshore Corporation AU - David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - COATINGS TO PREVENT OR REDUCE SHIP SUPERSTRUCTURE ICING--FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY SURVEY, VOLUME 1: MAIN REPORT PY - 1988/01/07 SP - Various p. AB - This document reports on efforts to obtain information on topside anti-icing coatings available from foreign sources. The project included both a database search of the technical literature, and a mail survey of more than 150 organizations, mainly in Europe and Canada, focusing primarily on paint and coating manufacturers. The literature review yielded little new information on coatings available, while responses to the mail survey gave a few useful leads on new anti-icing coating systems. For related document, see AN 9327. KW - Coatings KW - Foreign KW - Guides to the literature KW - Icing KW - Literature reviews KW - Ship icing KW - Ships KW - Superstructures KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400044 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654905 AU - Triumph Marketing AU - Golden Gate Ports Association AU - Maritime Administration TI - REGIONAL PORT MARKETING AND PROMOTIONAL METHODOLOGY PY - 1988/01 SP - 101 p. AB - In September 1984, the Northern California Ports & Terminal Bureau, Inc. (NORCAL), and the Maritime Administration (MARAD) Office of Port and Intermodal Development completed a study on regional port marketing and promotion. This manual, an outcome of the study, is intended as a a guide to assist groups of ports and marine terminals in developing regional marketing and promotional programs. It describes the structure, procedures and work plan that can be used in designing and completing a regional port marketing study. KW - Economic factors KW - Marine terminals KW - Marketing KW - Methodology KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Programs KW - Regional planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393950 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00655445 AU - Reid, R E AU - Erskine Systems Control, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIP PERFORMANCE MONITORING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT, FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/11 SP - 205 p. AB - This report presents the results of system design studies that deal with the implementation of a computer-based onboard Ship Performance Monitoring System within an IBM-PC compatible framework. The difficulties created by the limited availability of operating system software for the existing microprocessor hardware technology within this framework are discussed. KW - Automation KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Microprocessor applications KW - Microprocessors KW - Ship performance monitoring KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654629 AU - Reid, R E AU - Zheng, J Y AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Maritime Administration TI - YAW/ROLL CONTROL DESIGN FOR HIGH-SPEED CONTAINERSHIPS PY - 1987/11 SP - 268 p. AB - Issues related to course-keeping autopilot design that account for dynamic yaw-sway-roll-rudder coupling effects and steering system nonlinearities in high-speed containership operation are investigated. The causes of the problem are explained through development of appropriate dynamic models, analysis techniques and computer nonlinear simulations. A control system methodology to alleviate the problem is presented. On the basis of the results obtained, active rudder roll stabilization is found to be infeasible for the ship type examined. The robust control design methodology derived is shown, however, to permit the design of autopilots that will improve the stability of the controlled ship and reduce operating costs resulting from propulsion losses associated with the problem. KW - Automatic pilot KW - Automatic pilot KW - Containerships KW - Control KW - Course keeping KW - Rolling KW - Ship motion KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Swaying KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393854 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654694 AU - Winkler, M F AU - Vollemans, P J AU - Shumski, G J AU - Seaworthy Systems, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ENHANCED MARINE DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND COMPONENT DURABILITY TOWBOAT FIELD TEST AND EVALUATION: THIN CERAMIC COATINGS AND PLATEAU HONED SILICON CARBIDE IMPREGNATED LINERS PY - 1987/11 SP - 242 p. AB - This report presents the test and evaluation results of thin ceramic coated combustion components and plateau honed silicon carbide impregnated cylinder liners installed in an inland river towboat diesel engine. Mechanical and thermal efficiencies showed an average improvement of 10 and 5 percent, respectively. Maximum horsepower was 18 percent higher, while fuel consumption was reduced by 11 percent. After 14,000 running hours, the zirconia-based thermal barrier ceramic coated components were inspected and found to be in good condition and capable of more service, while the silicon carbide impregnated liners were scuffed and unsuitable for further service. KW - Ceramic materials KW - Diesel engines KW - Engine coatings KW - Fuel consumption KW - Performance evaluations KW - Silicon compounds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393880 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654374 AU - Price Waterhouse and Company AU - Maritime Administration AU - American Association of Port Authorities TI - A STANDARD REQUIREMENTS MODEL AND CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR A PORT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (PFMIS) PY - 1987/10 SP - Various p. AB - In an effort to reduce the cost of a conceptual design for individual ports and to realize the benefit of shared financial systems knowledge, the Maritime Administration and the American Association of Port Authorities embarked on a program to develop an "industry standard" Port Financial Management Information System that could be adapted by port authorities in the United States. The specific objectives of this project were to identify common financial systems requirements; identify those requirements that vary with port characteristics; and assist participating ports in identifying their requirements, using the common financial systems requirements as a base. KW - Financing KW - Management information systems KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Requirements KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - System modeling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394438 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00655712 AU - Speaker, L M AU - O'Neil, D J AU - Campbell, D P AU - University of Georgia, Experiment AU - Maritime Administration TI - A NOVEL TREATMENT FOR ANTIFOULING AND DRAG REDUCTION OF SHIP HULLS PY - 1987/10 SP - 50 p. AB - This research explored the extension of antifouling technology (AFT), to the protection of bronze and painted steel substrates that are exposed to marine fouling environments. AFT depends upon deposition on the substrate of oriented films of surfactants that are precisely one molecule thick. Results, after only four months of exposure in an estuarine environment, are not entirely conclusive. KW - Antifouling coatings KW - Drag KW - Drag reduction KW - Fouling (Naval architecture) KW - Hulls KW - Marine biology KW - Marine organisms KW - Surface active agents UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657230 AU - Zahn, P B AU - ARCTEC Offshore Corporation AU - David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - COATINGS TO PREVENT OR REDUCE SHIP SUPERSTRUCTURE ICING, PHASE 2: LABORATORY TESTS PY - 1987/09/25 SP - Various p. AB - A series of tests carried out to evaluate various coatings for their ability to prevent or reduce spray ice and to identify the preferred coating in terms of the minimum bond strength with accumulated ice are discussed. The tests investigated variations of ice bond strength with a number of coatings under realistic ice accretion conditions for ships at sea. Results of tests to correlate bond strength with mechanical de-icing efforts are also reported. Coating preferences are noted, and recommendations are offered to assist in making decisions regarding practical applications. For related document, see AN 9326. KW - Coatings KW - Icing KW - Performance evaluations KW - Ship icing KW - Ships KW - Superstructures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400046 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654978 AU - SRI International AU - Maritime Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN SHIPPING PY - 1987/09 SP - Various p. AB - The primary objective of this study was to identify possible shipping initiatives that one or more of the member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) might undertake, and the impact of these policies on U.S. liner carriers and shippers. Four alternative, yet plausible policies that could be implemented by each of the ASEAN nations (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand) between 1987 and 1995, are discussed. Factors affecting the international trade climates within the countries, such as growth in exports and imports, or the likelihood of government subsidies, are examined. Possible actions that the U.S. government could take to offset negative impacts of any restrictive policies enacted by the ASEAN countries are suggested. KW - ASEAN KW - Economic factors KW - Federal government KW - International trade KW - Liner shipping KW - Shipping policy KW - Southeast Asia KW - Unctad KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394474 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654485 AU - U.S. General Accounting Office AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME ADMINISTRATION EFFORTS TO IMPROVE DATA ON THE FEDERAL SHIP FINANCING PROGRAM PY - 1987/08/28 SP - 58 p. AB - This report discusses the Maritime Administration's efforts to improve data on its Federal Ship Financing Program and Fund. The report identifies the portion of the program's portfolio that is considered to be at risk of default, the financial condition of the fund, and internal control weaknesses in program data. KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Financing KW - Ship financing KW - Ship operations KW - Ships KW - U.S. Maritime Administration UR - http://www.gao.gov/docdblite/summary.php?recflag=&rptno=RCED-87-58 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393795 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654326 AU - Lou, Y K AU - Choi, H AU - Texas A&M University, College Station AU - Maritime Administration TI - SPATIAL PRESSURE VARIATIONS AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL EFFECTS ON LIQUID SLOSHING LOADS PY - 1987/08 SP - 114 p. AB - The aim of this project was to develop a more effective method for predicting liquid sloshing impact pressures and forces on tank structures. A series of numerical computations was performed using a previously-developed numerical model. From these computed results, spatial variations of pressures in the vertical direction were analyzed. Since the numerical model was two-dimensional, however, no information on the pressure variation along the horizontal direction could be deduced from the numerical results. In order to obtain additional information on these variations and derive empirical three-dimensional correction factors for the two- dimensional numerical model, a series of physical model experiments was conducted. From these experimental data, spatial pressure variations were analyzed, and empirical three-dimensional correction factors were deduced by comparing the numerical and experimental results. KW - Cargo tanks KW - Carriers KW - Liquefied gases KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Mathematical models KW - Model tests KW - Numerical models KW - Pressure KW - Pressure distribution KW - Sloshing KW - Tanks (Containers) KW - Three dimensional UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393699 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654627 AU - Thiele, E W AU - Powell, R S AU - Copper Development Association Incorporated AU - Newport News Shipbuilding AU - Maritime Administration TI - COPPER-NICKEL SHEATHING COST STUDY, PHASE 3 PY - 1987/08 SP - 168 p. AB - This report is the last of a series investigating the methods and benefits of utilizing copper-nickel sheathing on the exterior underwater hull surface to reduce corrosion and biofouling. A baseline cost analysis for installing this sheathing is presented, and methods for further cost reductions are suggested. Tabulated hull stress analysis and welding parameters that apply to the various copper-nickel attachment procedures are included. KW - Analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Copper KW - Copper alloys KW - Corrosion protection KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Hull stress KW - Hulls KW - Nickel alloys KW - Sheathing KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654794 AU - Bath Iron Works Corporation AU - Maritime Administration AU - Newport News Shipbuilding AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - SHIPYARD ENGINEERING AND PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS PY - 1987/08 SP - 69 p. AB - The organization of design and planning departments in U.S. shipyards has traditionally been a mixture of functionally-oriented and project-oriented philosphies. This mixed pattern was developed while the shipyards used the classic system-oriented drawings and construction methods. Zone-oriented detail drawings and construction methods have since been introduced without the corresponding organizational changes. While the benefits of zone-oriented design products and methods are more readily recognized, the potential benefits of the corresponding organizational structures are less easily grasped. This study analyzes current design and planning organizations in both U.S. and foreign shipyards. A model organization for engineering and planning is developed that is better suited to zone-oriented construction. Suggestions are provided for making the transition to this model organization. KW - Industrial engineering KW - Management KW - Maritime industry KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Planning KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyard management KW - Shipyards KW - Zone outfitting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393913 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00427580 AU - Maritime Administration TI - NATIONAL SHIPBUILDING RESEARCH PROGRAM: BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PUBLICATIONS AND MICROFICHE INDEX, 1973-1987 : MICROFICHE LIBRARY ABSTRACT REPORT PY - 1987/08 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Bibliographies KW - Research KW - Shipbuilding KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/242328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00426633 AU - Kotras, T AU - Maritime Administration TI - USE OF MARINE SIMULATORS TO SIMULATE ICE CONDITIONS AND SHIP TRANSITS THROUGH ICE PY - 1987/08 SP - 57 PP IN V AB - No abstract provided. KW - Ice mechanics KW - Ice navigation KW - Ice phenomena KW - Information processing KW - Mechanics KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/242256 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00655338 AU - St John, J W AU - Zahn, P B AU - Meyer, J R AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - BERING SEA WINTER ICE EDGE DATA COLLECTION ABOARD USCGC POLAR SEA PY - 1987/07 AB - Environmental and ship performance data were collected in the Bering Sea Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) aboard the USCGC POLAR SEA in April 1986. Volume 1 of this three volume set of reports describes the results of environmental and operational studies in the MIZ. Topics covered include characterization of ice conditions; meteorological conditions observed during the vessel's deployment; evaluation of anti-icing coatings; and evaluation of cold weather clothing. Volume 2 presents the results of measurements of local hull-ice impact loads under varying ice conditions in the MIZ. Volume 3 reports on a study that analyzed various loadings resulting from propeller-ice interactions. KW - Arctic environment KW - Arctic Regions KW - Bering Sea KW - Frigid regions KW - Ice KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice research KW - Ice transiting vessels KW - Impact loads KW - Meteorological data KW - Meteorological phenomena KW - Performance KW - Polar sea (Vessel) KW - Propeller ice interaction KW - Propellers KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394491 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654533 AU - Bourianoff, G I AU - Austin Research Associates AU - Maritime Administration TI - EVALUATION OF FINITE DIFFERENCE TECHNIQUES FOR THE LOW SPEED MANEUVERING PROBLEM PY - 1987/06 SP - 28 p. AB - The Inertial Marker Particle (IMP) code is a three-dimensional nonlinear free surface code designed to simulate fluid-structure interactions in confined waters. It has previously been applied to seakeeping simulations with nonlinear free surface effects. This study investigated the feasibility of extending the IMP code to calculating low speed maneuvering coefficients. Based on the results, it appears that the discretization errors inherent in the IMP method preclude its being used for this purpose. KW - Coefficients KW - Finite differences KW - Maneuvering KW - Slow moving vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393820 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653765 AU - St John, J W AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - MV ICEBIRD EARLY SEASON TRANSIT TO PRUDHOE, BAY, JULY 1986 PY - 1987/06 SP - 100 p. AB - In mid-July, 1986, the MV ICEBIRD arrived off Prudhoe Bay, Alaska and thus completed the earliest unescorted marine transit to the Alaskan Beaufort Sea by a ship other than a Polar icebreaker. ICEBIRD clearly demonstrated that early season commercial operations in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas are feasible. Observations of the ice and weather conditions encountered during the voyage and how these affected the vessel's progress are reported. Special note is made of the effectiveness of aerial reconnaissance, which was used to locate the best path through the ice. Estimates of ICEBIRD'S level and rubble icebreaking ability are presented. In addition, this report estimates the ice loads the ship could experience in extended season operaton in summer Beaufort Sea ice conditions and assesses her ability to resist those loads. KW - Beaufort Sea KW - Cargo ships KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Ice KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice loads KW - Ice transiting vessels KW - Icebird (Vessel) KW - Icebreakers KW - Loads KW - Prudhoe Bay UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393458 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649949 AU - Chirillo (L.D.) Associates AU - Todd Pacific Shipyards Corp. AU - Maritime Administration TI - FLEXIBLE PRODUCTION INDICES PY - 1987/04 SP - 78 p. AB - This publication supplements others that describe various aspects of the flexible production system developed by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd for shipyard operations. The flexible production indices are used to relate manhours required to physical characteristics of materials that are to be fabricated, assembled, or painted. The indices permit constant refinement of manpower requirements as design progress refines material requirements for the construction of ships and for end products other than ships. When supplemented to address rip-out (disassembly) and open-and- inspect work, they are applicable for overhaul and modernization of naval ships. KW - Japan KW - Labor market KW - Management KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Planning KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Productivity KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyard management KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388372 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654941 AU - City of St. Louis Port Authority, St. Louis, Missouri AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM PY - 1987/04 AB - The Inland River Port Management Information System aims to improve port management efficiency through the development of a flexible state-of-the-art personal computer management system. The system consists of 14 separate software components that can be utilized by port management to meet informational needs in a wide variety of areas, such as fleeting evaluation, capital budgeting, cash management, port delays, harbor capacity, commodity flow, and leasing income. Software User's Manuals are available for either the Apple IIC or IBM-PC. KW - Computer programs KW - Inland waterways KW - Management information systems KW - Port operations KW - State of the art UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394473 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650043 AU - MacKenzie, F D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME NAVIGATION/COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM, VOLUME 2: REQUIREMENTS DEFINITIONS STATEMENT, FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/04 SP - 236 p. AB - A Maritime Administration/Transportation Systems Center team has been conducting a program to study navigation and communication systems on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River with the objective of defining technologies and systems that have the potential to increase economic benefits to the users and support national defense and national strategic goals. The first volume of this study reported on the first phase of the program, identifying shortcomings in existing systems. This report contains the results of a project whose goal was to define requirements for: electronic navigation systems to supplement visual aids; additional communications capacity; and a traffic information management system. KW - Communication KW - Great Lakes KW - Highway traffic control KW - Inland waterways KW - Inland waterways communications KW - Inland waterways navigation KW - Navigational aids KW - Saint Lawrence River KW - Ship pilotage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654658 AU - Gifford, C R AU - Ireland, D W AU - Sella, J L AU - Stanley Associates, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - SUPPLY SUPPORT FOR RESERVE SHIPS PY - 1987/04 SP - Various p. AB - The three major components of this study are: (1) an evaluation of the supply support readiness for ships that are activated from the Ready Reserve Force and the National Defense Reserve Fleet in terms of requirements vs. availability of spare parts, consumable and expendable stores, subsistence stores and bunkers; (2) an evaluation of supply support needed for requisitioned ships during the operational phase; and (3) a description of a supply system that will adequately sustain reserve ships. KW - Defense preparedness KW - Evaluation KW - National defense reserve fleet KW - Natural resources KW - Ready reserve force KW - Requirements KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00423122 AU - WEIERS, B J AU - KELLEHER, J AU - Maritime Administration TI - FORECASTING TRADE AND THE MERCHANT FLEET PY - 1987/04 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Forecasting KW - Merchant marine KW - Shipping KW - Ships KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/235646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00423395 AU - MacKenzie, F D AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME NAVIGATION COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM.: VOLUME II, REQUIREMENTS DEFINITIONS STATEMENT PY - 1987/04 SP - 236 PP IN AB - No abstract provided. KW - Communication systems KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland waterways KW - Ship pilotage KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/235680 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00655337 AU - Harrington, M G AU - St John, J W AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL DATA COLLECTION ABOARD USCGC POLAR SEA 1985 PY - 1987/03 AB - Environmental and ship performance data were collected in the western Beaufort Sea aboard USCGC POLAR SEA during September and October, 1985. This was the tenth phase of a multiyear program to assess the feasibility of year-round commercial marine activities off the coast of Alaska. Volume 1 of this two-volume set of reports describes the measured ice and meteorological conditions during the deployment, and provides detailed descriptions of all on-ice measurement techniques. Volume 2 is an appendix to the main report and includes survey maps and ice floe cross section diagrams. KW - Arctic environment KW - Arctic Regions KW - Beaufort Sea KW - Drift ice KW - Frigid regions KW - Ice KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice mapping KW - Ice transiting vessels KW - Mapping KW - Meteorological data KW - Meteorological phenomena KW - Performance KW - Polar sea (Vessel) KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394490 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654028 AU - Uttmark, G F AU - Mistree, F AU - TransTech Marine Co. AU - Maritime Administration AU - University of Houston TI - RAPID: A RATIONAL AUTOMATED PACKAGE FOR INTEGRATED DESIGN PY - 1987/02 AB - This report describes a technically advanced computerized system that combines a new approach to preliminary ship design, ship cost estimating and the economic validation of shipping projects. The system uses multiple-objective goal programming techniques developed at the University of Houston to optimize design variables simultaneously. Information produced includes principal dimensions, linear ratios, form coefficients, powering calculation, propeller design, hydrostatistics, sectional areas, freeboard calculation, stability analysis, and longitudinal strength calculation. KW - Computer aided design KW - Cost estimating KW - Economic analysis KW - Estimates KW - Finance KW - Marketing KW - Naval architecture KW - Optimization KW - Ship design KW - Strategic planning KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394417 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654532 AU - Cordier, S J AU - George Washington Transportation Research Institute. Center for Intelligent Systems Research AU - Maritime Administration TI - ROTARY JET FLOW INDUCTION FOR MARINE PROPULSION PY - 1987/02 SP - 87 p. AB - The performance of the rotary jet as a marine propulsor is compared with that of conventional propulsion systems. It was found that the rotary jet has the potential to improve equivalent propeller devices by up to 25% in propulsive coefficient at high thrust loadings. At moderate thrust loadings, the rotary jet performance is just a few percentage points off optimum propeller arrangements, and comparison with water jet systems is very favorable. Testing of a prototype jet model at the George Washington University water tunnel has made it possible to identify the need for possible improvements in rotor configurations. KW - Engine efficiency KW - Propellers KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion devices KW - Propulsive efficiency KW - Rotors KW - Waterjet propelled craft KW - Waterjet propulsion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393819 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00652355 AU - Dillingham, J T AU - Perakis, A N AU - Offshore Technology Corporation AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - Maritime Administration TI - APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE MARINE INDUSTRY: PROBLEM DEFINITION AND ANALYSIS PY - 1987/02 AB - The problem of how best to apply state-of-the-art computer technology, especially using the tools of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems (AI/ES) to assist in the solution of several important marine operations is addressed. An introduction to AI and ES technology is presented. A cost/benefit analysis of several potential applications in marine operations is conducted. Two of these applications, namely that of optimal container stowage and ship monitoring are examined in detail. Some existing hardware and software tools that are presently in use, or are now available, are described. KW - Artificial intelligence KW - Expert systems KW - Information processing KW - Maritime industry KW - Operations research KW - Optimization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00652319 AU - Temple, Barker and Sloane, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - DESIGN AND DEMONSTRATION OF MICROCOMPUTER-TO-MAINFRAME COMMUNICATIONS LINKS FOR THE MARITIME INDUSTRY PY - 1987/02 AB - Temple, Barker and Sloane worked with Lykes Brothers Steamship Company, Farrell Lines, several micro-computer-to-mainframe communications companies, and the Maritime Administration to perform this study. Possible communications links between microcomputer and mainframe computers for maritime applications are studied. Included in the report are recommendations, and evaluation of opportunities, an assessment of hardware and software products, and demonstration projects. KW - Computer networks KW - Computers KW - Information processing KW - Maritime industry KW - Microcomputers KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394350 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00652544 AU - Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONTAINER TRANSPORT BY INLAND WATERWAYS PY - 1987/02 SP - 98 p. AB - The only existing inland Waterway container-on-barge service in the United States is on the Columbia-Snake River System. To assess the potential for additional COB services on the domestic waterways, this study evaluated the economic and operational factors of COB operations. The results of this evaluation indicated that COB is technically and economically feasible. Nonetheless, there are substantial institutional and perceptional problems that must be resolved before COB can attain the level of success it has reached on other waterways systems in the world. KW - Analysis KW - Barge transportation KW - Barges KW - Container-on-barge (Cob) KW - Containers KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Inland waterways KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Market analysis KW - Market assessment KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392914 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653958 AU - Zahn, P B AU - Kotras, T V AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - EVACUATION AND SURVIVAL FROM OFFSHORE DRILLING AND PRODUCTION UNITS IN THE BERING, CHUKCHI, AND BEAUFORT SEAS PY - 1987/02 SP - 150 p. AB - The objective of this study was to develop information on the options for personnel evacuation from drilling rigs and production platforms in the offshore waters of the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas. Topics covered include: expected levels of exploration and development activity; environmental conditions in the region; survival requirements, including search and rescue time; and evaluation of survival equipment and systems. KW - Beaufort Sea KW - Bering Sea KW - Chukchi sea KW - Cold weather KW - Drilling machines KW - Life rafts KW - Lifeboats KW - Offshore platforms KW - Rescue equipment KW - Search and rescue operations KW - Survival UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393532 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654904 AU - Denny, M S AU - Ship Analytics, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration AU - Pacific-Gulf Marine, Inc. TI - SHIPBOARD PRODUCTIVITY METHODS, FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/02 AB - This research project, under a cooperative agreement between the Maritime Administration and Pacific Gulf Marine, investigated means to advance the productivity of merchant ships. The project identified features of the total ship-shore work system which, if altered, would demonstrate increased efficiency and effectiveness. Recommended changes involved ship and shore policy and procedures; shore services; training requirements and the organization and distribution of functional duties among personnel; manning procedures; and new equipment and materials onboard and ashore. Trial changes were selected, implemented and monitored. A follow-up project is recommended to permit these changes to be studied over a long period of time. KW - Communications KW - Crew duties KW - Management information systems KW - Manning requirements KW - Performance evaluations KW - Productivity KW - Radio KW - Ship management KW - Ship operations KW - Ship to shore KW - Shipboard organization KW - Shipboard personnel KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394471 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653879 AU - Mansour, A E AU - Yang, Jinglin AU - Ren, D AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Maritime Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SHIP HULL ULTIMATE-STRENGTH USING LARGE SCALE MODELS. PY - 1987/02 SP - 162 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of an experimental study to determine the ultimate strength of ship hull box girders. Two models were tested; the first model was designed and constructed to represent a typical single bottom tanker under bending condition. The second model was designed in an attempt to produce different modes of failure, such as plate buckling between stiffeners, instability of longitudinal stiffeners and overall grillage instability. Analytical formulae and experimental data analysis for determining the ultimate strength are introduced, and a comparison of the theoretical and experimental results of the two tests is presented. KW - Hull strength KW - Hulls KW - Model tests KW - Scale models KW - Strength of materials KW - Ultimate strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00425365 AU - Denny, M S AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBOARD PRODUCTIVITY METHODS PY - 1987/02 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Labor productivity KW - Merchant marine KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Operating costs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/242184 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00652986 AU - Cooper, R B AU - Dickerson, D J AU - Selfridge, M AU - Ship Analytics, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - MEMEX, AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR VESSEL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PY - 1987/01 AB - This report describes the development of a knowledge-based system, MEMEX, that reasons about problems related to energy management as they apply to the maintenance of medium speed marine diesel plants. The prototype demonstrator that was developed consists of three major components: a knowledge base of rules, an inferencing system, and a natural language interface. The natural language interface is implemented employing a frame type architecture. Inputs by the user are simultaneously parsed for syntactic and semantic relationships. The conceptual dependencies processed are then used to access conceptual relationships embedded in the rules to initiate a consultation with the user. The intent is that the full MEMEX system would subsequently be installed aboard ships to assist engineers in maintaining high diesel engine plant operating efficiency. The report contains a User's Manual to aid in the operation of MEMEX, and a detailed description of issues relating to MEMEX development, including selection of an application and selection of specific problems for the development of the knowledge base of rules. MEMEX runs in a FRANZ LISP environment under the UNIX operating system on a VAX 11/780 computer. KW - Expert systems KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel management KW - Machinery KW - Medium speed diesels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394368 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651635 AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Maritime Administration AU - Bath Iron Works Corp. AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - COMPUTER-ASSISTED METHODOLOGY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL NUMBER AND LOCATION OF TOOL SHEDS PY - 1987/01 SP - Various p. AB - This project was performed by the University of Washington to provide computer assistance in choosing optimal locations for shipyard toolrooms. The program used is entitled Computer-Assisted Toolroom Design (CATD), executable on the IBM-AT and the IBM-PC with an 8087 co-processor chip. Its operation and maintenance are outlined in user and technical manuals that are incorporated into the report. The CATD program provided the ability to analyze a shipyard's utilization of resources with regard to toolroom locations. By determining optimal locations, the user gains an insight into improvements possible by varying those locations. Proposed toolrooms can also be tested in the program to determine the economic feasibility of their expansion. An application of the program was performed at Ingall's Shipyard. KW - Computer programs KW - Layout KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Optimization KW - Shipyards KW - Toolrooms KW - Tools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394321 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00554127 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARINE FIRE PREVENTION, FIREFIGHTING AND FIRE SAFETY PY - 1987 SP - 388 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Fires KW - Handbooks KW - History KW - Manuals KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/316912 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477127 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, APPLE (REVENUE-LEASING) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Revenue Leasing package operates to show the terms of the lease, the charge per collection period and the status of the lease with respect to payment schedule, whether current, 30-60 or 90 days in arrears and amount in arrears. It is designed to provide a running summary of port-related leasing revenue and leasing conditions. . .Software Description: The software is written in the PFS:FILE programming language for the Apple IIc or IIe microcomputer. It requires a DOS 2.0 or greater operating system. KW - Inland waterways KW - Leasing KW - Management information systems KW - Ports KW - Revenues KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287957 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477129 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, APPLE (HARBOR CAPACITY) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Harbor Capacity package allows a river to be classified by mileage, left or right bank, and registers the capacity of all fleeting sites with the appropriate mileage. These capacities are registered for normal water conditions and low water conditions for each site. . . Software Description: The software is written in the PFS:FILE programming language for the Apple IIc or IIe microcomputer. It requires a DOS 2.0 or greater operating system. KW - Capacity KW - Harbors KW - Inland waterways KW - Management information systems KW - Ports KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287959 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477136 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, APPLE (CAPITAL BUDGETING - DYNAMIC) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Capital Budgeting module is a structured approach to developing a master plan for a port based on an expansion path principle. The ports acivities are divided into a program budget, with planning subprograms of fleeting and moorage, industrial development, real estate incentives, surface transportation, channel navigation and other entities that might be invested in. In order to understand how to run the Capital Budgeting - Dynamic program you will need to use the VALMAT program which is included with the program. . .Sofware Description: The software is written in the BASIC programming language for the Apple IIc and IIe microcomputers. It requires a DOS 2.0 or greater operating system. KW - Budgeting KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Inland waterways KW - Management information systems KW - Ports KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287966 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477141 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, IBM PC (PORT DELAY) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Port Delay module is designed to give an analyst an opporunity to study and modify cargo load-unload and berthing strategies. It consists of a set of simple equations which study the unloading and loading of a particular commodity, berthed in a particular fashion, with a given load-unload rate based on the transfer equipment used. . .Software Description: The software is written in the BASIC programming language for the IBM PC XT or greater microcomputer. It requires a DOS 3.2 or greater operating system and also requires 256K bytes of memory. KW - Inland waterways KW - Loading and unloading KW - Management information systems KW - Ports KW - Software KW - Traffic delays KW - Unloading UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287968 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477089 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, APPLE (VALMAT) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Value Matrix Evaluation Program (VALMAT) is available on the Apple ll personal computer and utilizes Apple Basic. Value Matrix evaluation is a technique used in dynamic programming and Markovian decision theory. In the value matrix approach, different alternatves to be evaluated are ranked in relation to one another for each set of measureable criteria. VALMAT has the capacity for up to ten alternatives, ten criteria, and ten weighting schemes. The VALMAT program performs the actual value matrix analysis aganist text or data files created by the user. . .Software Description: The software is written in the BASICS programming language for the Apple IIc and IIe microcomputers. It requires a DOS 3.0 operating system. KW - Dynamic programming KW - Inland waterways KW - Management information systems KW - Markov processes KW - Ports KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287953 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477125 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, APPLE (REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT PROGRAM - REIP) (FOR MICROCOMPUTER) PY - 1987 AB - The Real Estate package is essentially a battery of appraisal techniques for income-producing land that allows users to convert income stream to value over a variety of port development land uses. . .Software Description: The software is written in the BASIC programming language for the Apple IIc or IIe microcomputer. It requires a DOS 2.0 or greater operating system. KW - Inland waterways KW - Land use KW - Land use surveys KW - Management information systems KW - Ports KW - Property values KW - Software KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287955 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477143 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, IBM PC (ROUTINE CASH MANAGEMENT) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Cash Management summary routine provides an optimal management of a port's cash resources, allowing analysis on a daily, weekly, monthly or annual basis, showing rate of return, critical level of gains and losses, move strategies and performance summaries. . .Software Description: The software is written in the BASIC and IRMA programming languages for the IBM XT or greater microcomputer. It requires a DOS 3.0 or greater operating system and also requires 48K bytes of memory. KW - Cash flow KW - Inland waterways KW - Management information systems KW - Ports KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477130 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, APPLE (ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Environmental Assessment module tracks "hot spots", namely, land use locations, water frontage or river mile locale where environmentally sensitive areas exist which need to be checked with respect to future development or investment. . .Software Description: The software is written in the PFS:FILE programming language for the Apple IIc or IIe microcomputer. It requires a DOS 2.0 or greater operating system. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Harbors KW - Inland waterways KW - Management information systems KW - Ports KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287960 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477133 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, IBM PC (FLEEING - MARKOV) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Fleeting Module is designed to couple an analysis of a port's fleeting needs to it's long-range master plan for port development. An inventory of current fleeting levels and patterns of origin-destination is taken to establish baseline conditions. In order to understand how to run the Fleeting - Markov program you will need to use the VALMAT program which is included with the program. . .Software Description: The software is written in the BASIC programming language for the IBM PC XT or greater microcomputer. It requires a DOS 3.2 or greater operating system and also requires 256K bytes of memory. KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Inland waterways KW - Management information systems KW - Markov processes KW - Ports KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287963 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477134 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, IBM PC (CAPITAL BUDGETING - DYNAMIC) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Capital Budgeting module is a structured approach to developing a master plan for a port based on an expansion path principle. The ports activities are divided into a program budget, with planning subprograms of fleeting and moorage, industrial development, real estate incentives, surface transportation, channel navigation and other entities that might be invested in. In order to understand how to run the capital Budgeting - Dynamic program you will need to use the VALMAT program which is included with the program. . .Software Description: The software is written in the BASIC programming language for the IBM PC XT or greater microcomputer. It requires a DOS 3.2 or greater operating system and also requires 256K bytes of memory. KW - Budgeting KW - Inland waterways KW - Management information systems KW - Ports KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287964 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477126 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, APPLE (REGIONAL ECONOMIC IMPACT - INPUT-OUTPUT) (FOR MICROCOMPUTER) PY - 1987 AB - The Economic Impact module is a parallel effort to MARAD's recently updated Port Economic Impact Kit. These economic impact analysis use a series of multipliers of dollar activities generated in basic industries to generate a regional gross revenue which, with intermediate transfer costs of materials subtracted out, yields regional value added in dollars, by virtue of the presence of a basic industry. . .Software Description: The software is written in the BASIC programming language for the Apple IIc or IIe microcomputer. It requires a DOS 2.0 or greater operating system. KW - Economic impacts KW - Inland waterways KW - Management information systems KW - Ports KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287956 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477137 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, APPLE (PORT DELAY) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Port Delay module is designed to give an analyst an opportunity to study and modify cargo load-unload and berthing strategies. It consists of a set of simple equations which study the unloading and loading of a particular commodity, berthing in a particular fashion, with a given load-unload rate based on the transfer equipment used. . .Software Description: The software is writen in the BASIC programming language for the Apple IIc and IIe microcomputers. It requires a DOS 2.0 or greater operating system. KW - Commodities KW - Inland waterways KW - Loading and unloading KW - Management information systems KW - Ports KW - Software KW - Traffic delays KW - Unloading UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287967 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477131 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, APPLE (ACCOUNING AND BILLING) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Accounting and Billing module makes use of packages currently on the market. It allows the user to set up a bookkeeping system which has a general ledger, accounts receivable and accounts payable. . .Software Description: The software is written in the Back to BASICS TM programming language for the Apple IIc or IIe microcomputer. It requires a DOS 3.0 operating system. KW - Accounting KW - Billing KW - Inland waterways KW - Management information systems KW - Ports KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287961 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477132 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, IBM PC (VALMAT) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Value Matrix Evaluation Program (VALMAT) is available for use on the IBM personal computer and utilizes the BASIC programming language. Value matrix evaluation is a technique used in dynamic programming and Markovian decision theory. In the value matrix approach, different alternatives to be evaluated are ranked in relation to one another for each set of measurable criteria. Value Marix Evaluation has the capacity for up to ten alternatives, ten criteria, and ten weighting schemes. . .Software Description: The software is written in the BASIC programming language for the IBM XT or greater microcomputer. It requires a DOS 3.2 or greater operating system. KW - Inland waterways KW - Management information systems KW - Markov processes KW - Ports KW - Present value KW - Software KW - Value UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287962 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477128 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, APPLE (ROUTINE CASH MANAGEMENT) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Cash Management summary routine provides an optimal management of a port's cash resources, allowing analysis on a daily, weekly, monthly or annual basis, showing rate of return, critical level of gains and losses, move strategies and performance summaries. . .Software Description: The software is written in the BASIC programming language for the Apple IIc or IIe microcomputer. It requires a DOS 2.0 or greater operating system. KW - Cash flow KW - Inland waterways KW - Management information systems KW - Ports KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287958 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477135 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, APPLE (FLEETING - MARKOV) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Fleeting module is designed to couple an analysis of a port's fleeting needs to its long-range master plan for port development. An inventory of current fleeting levels and patterns of origin-destination is taken to establish baseline conditions. In order to understand how to run the Fleeting-Markov program you will need to use the VALMAT program which is included with the program. . .Software Description: The software is written in the BASIC programming language for the Apple IIc and IIe microcomputers. It requires a DOS 2.0 or greater operating system. KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Inland waterways KW - Management information systems KW - Markov processes KW - Origin and destination KW - Ports KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287965 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477124 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, APPLE (LAND USE) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Land Use Inventory module is a line item inventory of property characteristics for each plot of land in a port, whether developed or undeveloped. The package requires comprehensive data which includes: zoning status, lease history deed restructions, ownership history, assessed valuation appraised value etc. . .Software Description: The software is written in the PFS: File programming language for the Apple IIc or IIe microcomputer. It requires a DOS 2.0 or greater operating system. KW - Inland waterways KW - Inventory KW - Land use KW - Land use surveys KW - Management information systems KW - Ports KW - Software KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287954 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477142 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, IBM PC (REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT PROGRAM - REIP) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Real Estate package in essentially a battery of appraisal techniques for income-producing land that allows users to convert income stream to value over a variety of port development land uses. . .Software Description: The software is written in the BASIC programming language for the IBM PC XT or greater microcomputer. It requires a DOS 3.2 or greater operating system and also requires 256K bytes of memory. KW - Income KW - Inland waterways KW - Land use models KW - Management information systems KW - Ports KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287969 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00477144 AU - Korink, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE INLAND RIVER PORT SYSTEM, IBM PC (REVENUE - LEASING) (FOR MICROCOMPUTERS) PY - 1987 AB - The Revenue Leasing package operates to show the terms of the lease, the charge per collection period and the status of the lease with respect to payment schedule, whether current, 30-60 or 90 days in arrears and amont in arrears. It is designed to provide a running summary of port-related leasing service and leasing conditions. . .Software Description: The software is written in the PFS: First Choice programming language for the IBM XT or greater microcomputers. It requires a DOS 2.0 or greater operating system and also requires 256K bytes of memory. KW - Inland waterways KW - Leasing KW - Management information systems KW - Ports KW - Revenues KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654497 AU - Kaplan, P AU - Kim, S J AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Maritime Administration TI - ANALYSIS AND EXTENSION OF THEORY FOR PREDICTING PROPELLER FIELD PRESSURES AND BLADE FORCES DUE TO CAVITATION PY - 1986/12 SP - 61 p. AB - A theoretical analysis that allows prediction of field pressure and blade forces for a transient cavitating propeller in a ship wake is fully described. The representation of sectional blade loading is considered in terms of two models. The first assumes the unsteady loading to be due to an unsteady angle of attack, while the other assumes it is due to combined unsteady angle of attack and unsteady camber. The results for the cavity configuration and its angular region of occurrence differ for each model, and for the pressures and forces. Comparison with the generally observed pattern of transient propeller cavitation in a ship wake and with specific cases of particular propellers supports the model, with unsteady angle of attack alone being the proper representation to be used. KW - Blade loading KW - Cavitation (Mechanics) KW - Cavitation erosion KW - Hull propeller interaction KW - Hulls KW - Model tests KW - Pressure KW - Pressure distribution KW - Propellers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653212 AU - Knatz, G AU - Hayden, P AU - Buck, B AU - Port of Long Beach AU - Environmental Research & Technology (ERT) AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT VESSEL EMISSIONS MODEL: A COMPUTER MODEL FOR CALCULATING VESSEL AIR POLLUTANTS PY - 1986/12 AB - Port Vessel Emissions Model (PVEM) is a computer program that calculates air pollutant emissions associated with vessel activity in ports for various operational scenarios. PVEM was developed for implementation on an IBM-PC or MS-DOS microcomputer equipped with 300K of available random access memory. Documentation consists of 3 volumes. Volume 1, the Study Report, is an overview of model development with model examples based on the Ports of Long Beach and Portland. Volume 2, the User's Manual, is a guide to the use of PVEM software and a technical description of the model. Volume 3, the Workbook, is a manual method for calculating vessel emissions without the use of a microcomputer. KW - Air pollution KW - Combustion KW - Computer programs KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Long Beach (California) KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Nitric oxide KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Pollutants KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Ports KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394386 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654660 AU - Buck, R AU - Information Spectrum, Incorporated AU - Chief of Naval Operations AU - Maritime Administration TI - MERCHANT SHIP ATTRITION: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, PHASE 1 PY - 1986/12 SP - 51 p. AB - The report traces the history of sealift protection provided for merchant ships in wartime, and examines attrition rates of these ships, with primary emphasis on World War 2. Statistics are presented (by type of vessel and cause of destruction or damage) for vessels put out of action during the period from 1939 to 1945. The report concludes with an analysis of factors affecting the merchant ship attrition rates. KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet statistics KW - Loss and damage KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Ship losses KW - Ships KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393871 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653872 AU - Troesch, A W AU - Kang, C AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - Maritime Administration TI - BOW IMPACT LOADS INCLUDING THE EFFECTS OF FLARE: PART 1 PY - 1986/12 SP - 78 p. AB - This report describes the first phase of a two year program intended to study bow impact loads, including the effects of flare. General areas of interest for this program include hydrodynamic loads resulting from extreme rigid body motion and extreme loads in an irregular, random sea. The results reported here involve fundamental research in the hydrodynamic modeling of impact loads. The three dimensional aspects of hydrodynamic impact are discussed. Theoretical and experimental results for a sphere and a cusped body are presented. The cusped body is axisymmetric and resembles the bow profile of a ship with flare. The sphere was subjected to both vertical and oblique impact angles, while the cusped body experienced only vertical motion. KW - Bows KW - Flare (Shape) KW - Hydrodynamic forces KW - Hydrodynamic pressure KW - Impact loads KW - Model tests KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Spheres UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393512 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654373 AU - Hadler, J B AU - Hamlin, N A AU - Zubaly, R B AU - Webb Institute of Naval Architecture AU - Maritime Administration TI - STERN DESIGN OF FINE-FORMED SINGLE-SCREW SHIPS PY - 1986/12 SP - 82 p. AB - This paper describes practical procedures for designing the sterns of fine-formed single-screw ships to satisfy requirements for efficient propulsion; minimal vibrations; good steering control; good directional stability; acceptable seakeeping; adequate structural strength; and adequate deck space. Design equations are given for the elements of propulsive efficiency, characteristics of the propeller and rudder, cavitation avoidance criteria, blade- frequency pressure forces, and blade tip clearance. Guidance in the choice of stern section shape is provided. KW - Course stability KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Engine efficiency KW - Propeller induced vibration KW - Propellers KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsive efficiency KW - Rudders KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Steering KW - Sterns KW - Thin ships KW - Vehicle design KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393728 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00652697 AU - Hockney, L A AU - Whiteneck, L L AU - Moffatt & Nichol AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT HANDBOOK FOR ESTIMATING MARINE TERMINAL CARGO HANDLING CAPABILITY: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1986/11 SP - 27 p. AB - This document summarizes the Port Handbook for Estimating Marine Terminal Cargo Capability, developed for the Maritime Administration. The handbook presents a simplified method of estimating terminal capability, based on standardized berthing modules. KW - Capacity KW - Cargo handling KW - Estimating KW - Handbooks KW - Marine terminals KW - Modules KW - Modules (Electricity) KW - Port operations KW - Throughput UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392985 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651021 AU - Manning, W P AU - Weinreich, D AU - EMSCOR, Inc. AU - Man-Wolffkran, Heilbronn, West Germany AU - Maritime Administration AU - Avondale Shipyards, Incorporated TI - TOWER CRANES IN SHIPYARDS PY - 1986/10 SP - 101 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to examine the suitability of tower cranes for use in dockyards in the United States. Since the tower crane is not widely familiar in the U.S., sufficient information is given to allow both the theory and operation of tower cranes to be understood. The cost and cost-effectiveness of tower cranes are examined, and applications for which they are particularly suited are presented in detail. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cranes KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392270 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653891 AU - Menon, B AU - Edgecombe, M AU - Tue-fee, K AU - Arctec Canada Limited AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANEUVERING TESTS IN ICE ABOARD USCGC POLAR STAR IN ANTARCTICA 1985 PY - 1986/10 SP - 157 p. AB - This report describes a comprehensive program of assessment of the maneuvering performance of POLAR Class vessels, involving full- scale, level ice turning trials, as well as the development of mathematical models to predict steady turning radius. The trials were carried out in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Two mathematical models were developed, one making use of a time history method utilizing approximate model test data for hull coefficients. The second model made use of a force balance method, involving an assumed hull-side force distribution. Preliminary comparisons of the predicted and measured turning radii have been made. Analysis of the full-scale data showed that further controlled tests at larger rudder angles will be required for complete validation of the mathematical models. KW - Antarctica KW - Icebreakers KW - Maneuvering KW - Mathematical models KW - Navigation KW - Polar sea (Vessel) KW - Prototype tests KW - Turning maneuvers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653180 AU - Edwards, R J AU - Hall, M A AU - Great Lakes Towing Company AU - Phillips Cartner & Co., Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - MICRO-COMPUTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SMALL VESSEL OPERATORS PY - 1986/10 AB - The objective of the project described in this report was to investigate, design and develop micro-computer management systems for operators of towboats, tugboats and other small vessels. The final products of the study were four software systems. The Harbor Tug Port Performance System is a data base management application that produces monthly summaries of performance and productivity statistics for a harbor tug fleet. The cost/pricing systems are Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet applications that develop unit and total costs for small vessel services. This system is available for inland towboat, tug-barge and other small vessel operations. KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Microcomputers KW - Ship operations KW - Software KW - Work boats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651618 AU - Ingalls Shipbuilding Division AU - Maritime Administration AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Bath Iron Works Corp. TI - TOOL LIST PROGRAM FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR OUTSIDE MACHINERY OPERATIONS PY - 1986/10 SP - 72 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to solve the costly industry-wide problem of excessive travel for tools by outside machinists. The proposed solution was to provide machinists with tool lists that would enumerate all the necessary equipment to perform each job. The implementation of this solution was considered capable of reducing the numerous trips made off the ship for additional tools. The implementation of a pilot program utilizing and evaluating the effectiveness of this solution is the subject of this study. KW - Machinery KW - Management KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Registers KW - Shipyard management KW - Shipyards KW - Tools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392580 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651619 AU - Ingalls Shipbuilding Division AU - Maritime Administration AU - Bath Iron Works Corp. AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - DATA DEVELOPMENT OF THE DETAIL STANDARDS FOR OUTSIDE MACHINERY OPERATIONS: FINAL REPORT AND WORK MANAGEMENT MANUAL PY - 1986/10 SP - Various p. AB - Task ES-8-21 of the Maritime Administration's Ship Producibility Research Program was titled Data Development of Detail Standards for Outside Machinery Operations. It was undertaken by Ingalls Shipbuilding and had a twofold purpose. First, it was to provide the shipbuilding industry with a set of universal standards for outside machinery operations. Second, it was to identify specific areas where method improvements could be made to benefit both Ingalls and the U.S. shipbuilding industry. KW - Machining KW - Management KW - Manuals KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Shipyard management KW - Shipyards KW - Standards KW - Tools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394319 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00421865 AU - Maritime Administration TI - AUTOMATED PORT PRICING MODEL: VOLUME II, USER'S MANUAL PY - 1986/10 SP - 4 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Harbors KW - Information processing KW - Marine terminals KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Rates KW - United States KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/234383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00421463 AU - Maritime Administration TI - AUTOMATED PORT PRICING MODEL.: VOLUME I, EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND MAIN REPORT PY - 1986/10 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Harbors KW - Information processing KW - Marine terminals KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Rates KW - United States KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/235546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00652116 AU - Eda, H AU - Stevens Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - LONGITUDINAL HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES IN SHIP MANEUVERING MOTIONS PY - 1986/09 SP - 60 p. AB - The prediction of shiphandling performance requires extensive knowledge of the hydrodynamic forces acting on the ship. While hydrodynamic forces in the lateral direction contribute to the greatest extent, longitudinal forces also play an important role. Available data regarding resistance, powering and propeller performance were accordingly reviewed for the purpose of maneuvering motion predictions. Longitudinal wave-excited forces can introduce shiphandling difficulties in following seas. This situation is discussed and verification examples are given. Longitudinal hydrodynamic forces due to a passing ship are also discussed, with examples of surge motions for the case of a moored ship. KW - Course stability KW - Energy consumption KW - Fluid resistance KW - Hull resistance KW - Hulls KW - Hydrodynamic forces KW - Hydrodynamic pressure KW - Longitudinal orientation KW - Maneuvering KW - Moored vessels KW - Mooring KW - Passing vessels KW - Power prediction KW - Ship motion KW - Steering KW - Surging KW - Thrust UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656685 AU - Shizume, P AU - Seaman, A AU - Ross, C AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Panama Canal Commission, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone AU - Maritime Administration TI - VALIDATION OF PROPOSED WIDENING SOLUTION FOR THE GAILLARD CUT, APPENDIX G1: DEVELOPMENT OF THE PANAMAX SIMULATION MODEL FOR THE PANAMA CANAL WIDENING STUDY PY - 1986/09 SP - Various p. AB - The Panamax simulator model was developed for the Panama Canal Commission (PCC) as part of the Gaillard Cut widening study at CAORF and was the simulated vessel used to demonstrate that the resultant channel layout met the design objectives. Development of the simulation model was based on data obtained from scale model tests. The model was validated using PCC pilots to con the CAORF-simulated Panamax vessel and also by using real world data collected by the PCC. Performance of the simulated vessel was shown to be comparable to available real world data and to results obtained independently by other simulators. For the main report of this study, see AN 8740. KW - Caorf KW - Channel design KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Gaillard cut KW - Maneuverability KW - Panama Canal KW - Panamax (Ship dimensions) KW - Ship encounters KW - Ship simulators KW - Structural design KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399987 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653963 AU - Zahn, P B AU - Phillips, L AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - United States Coast Guard AU - Maritime Administration AU - Transport Canada Research and Development Centre TI - TOWED RESISTANCE TRIALS IN ICE OF THE USCGC MOBILE BAY (WTGB 103): FINAL REPORT, AUGUST, 1987 PY - 1986/09 SP - Various p. AB - An extensive series of towed resistance tests and corresponding self-propulsion tests were carried out for the USCG MOBILE BAY. The trials provided full-scale verification of icebreaker resistance. Testing was carried out in Lake Michigan at various speeds and in a range of thicknesses of level, unbroken ice. Thrust, torque, propeller RPM, speed and towing pull were recorded. Analysis of the results included examination of established ice resistance formulations to assess the influence of different test parameters. Trends in thrust deduction, wake fraction and propulsive efficiency components were derived and compared to model test results for the 140 ft. WTGB class hull form. KW - Engine efficiency KW - Ice KW - Ice resistance KW - Ice strength KW - Icebreakers KW - Lake Michigan KW - Mobile bay (Vessel) KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsive efficiency KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Strength of materials KW - Towed vessels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394412 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654496 AU - Kaplan, P AU - Kim, S J AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROPELLER CAVITATION PROGRAM USER'S MANUAL PY - 1986/09 SP - 98 p. AB - This Program User's Manual is intended to assist in understanding and using a digital computer program for developed predicting field pressures and blade forces on a cavitating propeller. The manual discusses program operation and the various numerical techniques used. Results of a sample calculation, as well as a listing of the source program, are given. KW - Blade loading KW - Cavitation (Mechanics) KW - Cavitation erosion KW - Computer programs KW - Forecasting KW - Information processing KW - Pressure KW - Pressure distribution KW - Propellers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660315 AU - Storch, R L AU - Giesy, P J AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Maritime Administration TI - THREE DIMENSIONAL ACCCURACY CONTROL VARIATION MERGING EQUATIONS PY - 1986/09 SP - 93 p. AB - The use of variation merging equations is an established method for predicting the final variation in specific critical dimensions of a ship's hull block. To predict overall rework requirements at a block interface, however, it is necessary first to write a set of merging equations for each edge at the interface, and then to evaluate the total effect produced by the combined interaction of all the edge variations within a three dimensional framework. Writing a full set of merging equations for an interface begins with choosing a datum to serve as a common origin for the equations. It is also necessary to recognize when variations occur independently and when the variation of certain edges is, to some degree, related. These and other factors influence the correct composition of the equations. The complex interaction of all the edges's random variations at the block interface gives rise to a unique rework probability distribution. This probability distribution is evaluated by means of a computer simulation program, which provides estimates of the average rework anticipated, the shape of the distribution curve, and other parameters. In addition to predicting rework levels, the simulation program can be a useful tool for reducing those levels. KW - Accuracy KW - Hull construction KW - Hulls KW - Mathematical models KW - Shipbuilding KW - Simulation KW - Variables KW - Variations KW - Zone outfitting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650872 AU - Chirillo (L.D.) Associates AU - Maritime Administration AU - Todd Pacific Shipyards Corporation TI - ANALYTICAL QUALITY CIRCLES PY - 1986/09 SP - Various p. AB - This document describes the development and implementation of the Total Quality Control (TQC) and Quality Control Circles (QCC) concepts at various plants operated by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI), in Japan. The report is organized into five major sections: Introduction; Concept of the TQC Movement; Application of TQC; Examples of TQC; and Pervasive Effects of QCC. Appendices present examples of: a TQC executive office report; QC activity report; and activities of Analytical Quality Circles in IHI shipyards. KW - Japan KW - Maritime industry KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality circles KW - Quality control KW - Shipbuilding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394279 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654486 AU - Waterway Communications System, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - TESTING OF THE PROTOTYPE AUTOMATIC MARINE TELEPHONE SYSTEM (AMTS) PY - 1986/08/15 SP - 70 p. AB - The WATERCOM (Waterways Communications System) Automatic Marine Telephone System (AMTS) provides automated radiotelephone service to vessels on the inland river system and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. This document describes the AMTS and presents the results of prototype tests carried out in April and May, 1986. KW - Amts (Automatic marine telephone system) KW - Communication KW - Inland waterways KW - Inland waterways communications KW - Prototypes KW - Radio telephone KW - System descriptions KW - Telecommunications KW - Tests KW - Watercom UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656681 AU - Ross, C A AU - Shizume, P AU - Seaman, A AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Panama Canal Commission, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone AU - Maritime Administration TI - VALIDATION OF PROPOSED WIDENING SOLUTION FOR THE GAILLARD CUT, APPENDIX D: DEVELOPMENT OF VALIDATION SHIP MODEL PY - 1986/08 SP - Various p. AB - A ship model was developed for the Panama Canal Commission (PCC) as part of the Gaillard Cut widening study at CAORF and was used in the simulator to quantify existing safety margins. Real world data used for model development and validation were collected by a joint PCC and CAORF team. At each stage of development, the model was validated with real world data and fine-tuned accordingly. Three independent techniques were used to objectively validate the CAORF model. These techniques utilized real world data collected in the Gaillard Cut. The subjective validation effort consisted of solicitation of pilots' comments during simulator runs. Performance of the simulated vessel using objective measures was shown to be comparable to actual vessel performance of similar ships in the Panama Canal. For the main report of this study, see AN 8740. KW - Caorf KW - Gaillard cut KW - Panama Canal KW - Safety KW - Ship models KW - Ship simulators KW - Ships KW - Structural models KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399984 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651633 AU - THOMAS, P D AU - Newport News Shipbuilding AU - Maritime Administration AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - CONSUMABLE GUIDE ELECTROSLAG WELDING OF 4 TO 24 INCH THICK CARBON STEEL CASTINGS PY - 1986/08 SP - Various p. AB - This paper presents the results of a SNAME SP-7 Welding Panel research and development project completed by Newport News Shipbuilding. The focus was directed toward the development, testing and qualification of consumable guide Electroslag Welding of carbon steel castings from 4 to 24 inches in thickness. Consumable guide Electroslag Welding is a high deposition rate welding process that is ideally suited for use on thick members. It increases resistance to hot cracking, porosity, and underbead cracking, and results in minimal angular distortion. Joint preparation and fitup requirements are simplified and result in high quality weld deposits. KW - Carbon steel KW - Cast steel KW - Casting KW - Electroslag welding KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00652747 AU - National Steel and Shipbuilding Company AU - Maritime Administration AU - Bath Iron Works Corp. AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SMALL COMPUTER APPLICATION TO MULTI-TRADE SCHEDULING OF A REPAIR DEPARTMENT PY - 1986/07/16 SP - 21 p. AB - The purpose of this project was to solve problems that occur when yard-wide master scheduling systems are oriented to individual ship requirements, leaving interfacing of multi-ship scheduling to department level solutions. This study determines the feasibility of developing a scheduling system that will provide a multi-trade repair department with manpower planning, critical job scheduling, and sub-job item control, and make it possible to coordinate parts deliveries with work schedules. KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Scheduling KW - Ship repair KW - Shipyards KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393016 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650884 AU - Brown and Caldwell Consulting Engineers AU - Maritime Administration TI - EXPERT SAILING DIRECTIONS: A TOOL FOR CLIMATOLOGICAL SHIP ROUTING PY - 1986/07 AB - The Expert Sailing Directions is a computer-based wind and wave climatology data base for voyage planning and ship routing with vessel motion responses taken into consideration. The monthly wind and wave statistics were derived from the Spectral Ocean Wave Model Hindcast tapes for the entire North Pacific Ocean. Ship motions were computed for a large container vessel running the U.S. West Coast to Japan trade route as an example. The PC-based program interactively allows a user to specify wind/wave/motion thresholds and displays three levels of exceedance probability in color graphics. KW - Climatology KW - Computer programs KW - Databases KW - Marine climates KW - Microcomputers KW - Passage planning KW - Sailing directions KW - Seakeeping KW - Ship motion KW - Ship response KW - Wave hindcasting KW - Wave models KW - Weather routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394281 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651026 AU - Roggendorff, S L AU - Roggendorf and Partners Co., Ltd. AU - Maritime Administration AU - Avondale Shipyards, Incorporated TI - STUDY OF THE MECHANISED MANUFACTURE AND WELDING OF REINFORCED SHELL UNITS FROM ROLLED SHELL PLATE AND TEE BAR SEGMENTS PY - 1986/07 SP - 73 p. AB - This study attempts to describe two mechanized methods of shell ring manufacture; both are fabricated according to a stage by stage production method. Alternative 1: carried out without the use of shop crane for shell rings up to 34 ft. in diameter, 75 U.S. tons in weight and 12 ft. in length; Alternative 2: carried out with the partial use of a shop crane for shell rings up to 44 ft. in diameter, 100 U.S. tons in weight and 10 ft. in length. Ground transportation for Alternative 1 is by self-propelled carriages of single or split construction on tracks. All vehicles are equipped with hydro-mechanical lifting, lowering, and support mechanism for transporting, loading or unloading operations, forming an integral part of the production line. KW - Industrial engineering KW - Manufacturing KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Plates KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Production KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Rings KW - Shell rings KW - T shapes KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392274 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653113 AU - Temple, Barker and Sloane, Inc. AU - Tippetts-Abbett-McCarthy, Stratton AU - Maritime Administration TI - STUDY AND REDEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE PORT OF NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY PY - 1986/07 AB - The primary goal of the Study and Redevelopment Plan for the Port of New York and New Jersey is to provide the participating cities of New York, Bayonne, Elizabeth, Hoboken and Jersey City with information, analyses, and recommendations concerning maritime, waterfront industrial, and transportation activities that will allow them to plan for future water and land activities on their respective waterfronts. The areas addressed are: regional port development needs; port development plans for the City of New York; waterfront land use and development; and waterfront-related transportation issues. KW - New Jersey KW - New York (New York) KW - Port operations KW - Port policy KW - Recommendations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394378 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651991 AU - Corporate-Tech Planning, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration AU - Bath Iron Works Corp. AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - PROBLEM SOLVING AND TRAINING GUIDE FOR SHIPYARD INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS PY - 1986/06 SP - 117 p. AB - The purpose of this Guide is to assist industrial engineering department employees to solve shipyard problems more effectively. Naval shipyards have been ahead of commercial yards in hiring and training degreed industrial engineers. The majority of the degreed Industrial Engineers in commercial yards are to be found at the larger yards although that picture seems to be changing. Most shipyards rely on skilled technicians promoted from the trades and upon outstanding people from other disciplines. These people have performed very well, combining their native intelligence with waterfront knowledge to accomplish many industrial engineering tasks. It is hoped that the Guide will be especially helpful in supplying useful training to these technicians. The Guide is organized into five sections: 1) Indexes, which are the link between the information in the other sections; 2) a Bibliography, which lists book and other sources of knowledge; 3) Training guides, which suggest portions of the curriculum for each of seven audience groups; 4) a Curriculum, which identifies the subjects that industrial engineers will find helpful in solving shipyard problems; and, schools that teach industrial engineering or ship repair and construction. KW - Courses (Instruction) KW - Curricula KW - Engineers KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Problem solving KW - Shipyard personnel KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392735 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00652505 AU - Todd Pacific Shipyards Corporation AU - Maritime Administration AU - Newport News Shipbuilding AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - PRODUCT WORK CLASSIFICATION AND CODING PY - 1986/06 SP - Various p. AB - This manual discusses: group technology and its application to shipbuilding; presents a classification and coding system based upon the concepts of product work breakdown structure; presents examples illustrating use of the classification and coding system in two forms: manual and computer-aided; discusses subjects related to use of the classification and coding systems; and lists resources for further information. KW - Computer aided manufacturing KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Parts coding KW - Planning KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Shipbuilding KW - Workpiece classification KW - Zone outfitting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654021 AU - Marcus, H S AU - Glucksman, M A AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - PLANNING A PORT INTERFACE FOR AN OCEAN INCINERATION SYSTEM PY - 1986/06 AB - The intent of this work is to assist port developers and operators, potential incinerator ship operators, government officials, and the general public in planning the port interface for ocean incineration systems. This research presents a methodology to facilitate the identification of a logistical system to incinerate hazardous waste offshore, while simultaneously satisfying the multitude of constraints imposed by government regulations at all levels and by the involvement of public groups. As part of this research, a computer model has been developed. Volume 2 is a User's Manual that describes the types of information contained in the computer model, and cites software and hardware requirements for the system. KW - Computer programs KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Incinerator ships KW - Interfaces KW - Marine terminals KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00421901 AU - WHITE, D R AU - Maritime Administration TI - VESSEL PERFORMANCE SYSTEM PY - 1986/06 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Energy conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel systems KW - Information processing KW - Inland water transportation KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Towboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/235565 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650040 AU - Hooper, H AU - Maritime Administration AU - Avondale Shipyards, Incorporated TI - A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF APPLYING CAD-CAM TECHNIQUES TO A SHIPYARD SHEET METAL SHOP PY - 1986/05/15 SP - 61 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare conventional and CAD-CAM (Computer Aided Design-Computer Aided Manufacturing) manufacturing methods used in a shipyard sheet metal shop. The comparison overwhelmingly favors the use of CAD-CAM techniques over the older and conventional manufacturing methods for reducing material costs and improving productivity. It therefore meets the objectives of the National Shipbuilding Research Program. KW - Computer aided design KW - Computer aided manufacturing KW - Cost control KW - Cost reduction KW - Metal sheets KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Productivity KW - Sheet metal KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649801 AU - Chirillo (L.D.) Associates AU - Todd Pacific Shipyards Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. SHIPBUILDING ACCURACY PHASE 1 PY - 1986/05 SP - 12 p. AB - Work began on U.S. Shipbuilding Accuracy Phase I in February 1985. The first phase addresses accuracies normally achieved when manufacturing commonly-used structural details for the midbody of the ship. Shipyards were contacted and asked to provide in-house data collected from their controlled manufacturing processes. Data subsequently received was statistically combined. Standard Ranges and Tolerance Limits of control dimensions are set forth in the accuracy tables of Section 3.2. The data represents a mix of U.S. shipyards doing both commercial and naval construction. KW - Accuracy KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Shipbuilding KW - Tolerances (Engineering) KW - Tolerances (Mechanics) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388274 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658607 AU - Schryver, J C AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Army Corps of Engineers, Norfolk District AU - Maritime Administration TI - A SIMULATOR EVALUATION OF THE OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR A FIXED MOORING FACILITY FOR DEEP DRAFT VESSELS PY - 1986/05 SP - 107 p. AB - The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has undertaken a comprehensive channel and anchorage improvement project in the port of Hampton Roads, Virginia. The project is intended to improve that port's ability to accept larger deep-draft vessels. In order to obtain the operational data necessary for the implementation of this project, the USACE enlisted the assistance of the Maritime Administration's Computer Aided Research Facility (CAORF) at Kings Point, New York. The methodology and results of berthing and unberthing exercises that were carried out on CAORF's ship maneuvering simulator by experienced tugboat masters are described. Performance data generated by this simulation were subsequently used in evaluating the requirements for the deep-draft vessel fixed mooring facility. KW - Berthing facilities KW - Caorf KW - Deep draft channels KW - Docking KW - Dredging KW - Hampton Roads (Virginia) KW - Moored vessels KW - Mooring KW - Moorings KW - Port operations KW - Ship simulator experiments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399131 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00655851 AU - Seib, G J AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN APPLICATION OF A MULTIVARIATE POWER ANALYSIS: POST HOC PY - 1986/05 SP - 14 p. AB - When the null hypothesis is not rejected, a post hoc power analysis may offer additional information which can be integrated into the experimental results. This paper attempts to define the term "power" and the benefits which may result from analyzing power. In addition, the univariate power formula is compared to the multivariate power formula as a pedagogical device. An example is given which illustrates the application of a post hoc power analysis in the two-sample multivariate case. A basic program is provided to perform the necessary calculations. KW - Errors KW - Hypothesis KW - Hypothesis testing KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Power analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650446 AU - Schryver, J C AU - Miller, W AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration AU - Army Corps of Engineers, Norfolk District TI - NORFOLK HARBOR AND CHANNELS DEEPENING DESIGN SIMULATION STUDIES: SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1986/05 SP - 52 p. AB - A deep draft navigation project has been proposed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Norfolk District, to allow full loading of large bulk carriers at the earliest possible date. One aspect of the incremental construction plan involves initial deepening of several project elements across only a fraction of the project width. The Computer Aided Operation Research Facility (CAORF) performed a series of man-in-the-loop simulation studies to evaluate the piloted controllability of vessel operations in asymmetrical channels, turning basins, and fixed mooring facilities. Experienced local pilots and docking masters conned the simulated design vessels: a 150,000 DWT dry bulk carrier and a hypothetical special-purpose shallow draft 225,000 DWT collier. Clearances to channel and turning basin boundaries, berthing energies, and other controllability measures were calculated to evaluate the design features of channels, turning basins, fixed mooring facilities, and terminal loading facilities. Design specification were determined for both vessel types under variable environmental conditions. KW - Berthing facilities KW - Channel deepening KW - Channel design KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Docking KW - Hampton Roads (Virginia) KW - Moorings KW - Newport News (Virginia) KW - Norfolk (Virginia) KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Structural design KW - Turning basins KW - Waterway design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392044 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650667 AU - Hunt, E C AU - Mathieson, J L AU - Webb Institute of Naval Architecture AU - Maritime Administration TI - ARCTIC OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MARINE ENGINEERING SYSTEMS PY - 1986/05 SP - 197 p. AB - An extensive literature search was conducted to determine sources of information on design, construction and operation of shipboard machinery for Arctic environments. An annotated bibliography is included. The literature search data was combined with interview information to prepare a list of Arctic marine engineering system problems that merit development or research. A comparison among pertinent classification rules for machinery systems is included. KW - Arctic environment KW - Arctic Regions KW - Frigid regions KW - Guides to the literature KW - Ice navigation KW - Ice operations KW - Literature reviews KW - Machinery KW - Operating rules KW - Polar regions KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Reliability KW - Ship power plants KW - Shipboard KW - Ships KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649804 AU - Chirillo (L.D.) Associates AU - Maritime Administration AU - Todd Pacific Shipyards Corporation TI - PRODUCT ORIENTED SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT PY - 1986/05 SP - Various p. AB - Research into various aspects of the product-oriented shipbuilding approach developed by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI) continues to reveal profound advantages as compared to the traditional system-by-system approach. The product work breakdown structure employed facilitates decentralization of many responsibilities. The net result is improved corporate performance. Ships of better quality are built with fewer man-hours while maintaining what is perhaps the world's best safety and health record for such an industrial endeavor. KW - Health KW - Management KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Safety KW - Shipyard management KW - Shipyard personnel KW - Shipyard safety KW - Shipyards KW - Standards KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388872 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658605 AU - Schryver, J C AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Army Corps of Engineers, Norfolk District AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE APPLICATION OF CAORF AS A NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHANNEL NAVIGABILITY AND WIDTH DIMENSION REQUIREMENTS: NEWPORT NEWS CHANNEL PY - 1986/05 SP - 106 p. AB - The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has undertaken a comprehensive channel deepening project in the port of Hampton Roads, Virginia, in order to improve that port's ability to accept larger deep draft vessels. To obtain the operational data necessary for the implementation of this project, the USACE enlisted the assistance of the Maritime Administration's Computer Aided Research Facility (CAORF) at Kings Point, New York. The methodology and results of three types of simulation exercises that were carried out on CAORF's ship maneuvering simulator by experienced harbor pilots and docking masters are described. Performance data generated by these simulations were subsequently used in evaluating the existing channel design for Newport News Channel and a proposed channel design for Norfolk Harbor Reach. KW - Caorf KW - Channel deepening KW - Channel design KW - Channel dimensions KW - Channel navigation KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Dredging KW - Hampton Roads (Virginia) KW - Newport News (Virginia) KW - Norfolk (Virginia) KW - Port operations KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650885 AU - Bronzini, M S AU - Kinnison, H A AU - Philip, C E AU - Ingram Barge Company AU - Southeastern Transportation Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - OPERATIONS PLANNING AND VESSEL PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT PY - 1986/04 AB - Tow operations are completely under the control of vessel pilots who receive instructions from operations managers, but respond primarily to riverine and weather conditions. Until recently, there was a decided lack of information which could be provided to the pilot to allow him to operate his tow in response to the changing circumstances of the towing company. Now, however, vessel management information systems, fuel monitoring equipment, and other types of vessel performance measurement systems are available. In this project, Ingram devised methods for using vessel performance measurement and management information to operate tows for improved profitability. The vessel performance data are supplied by an on- board measurement and reporting system. The strategic objectives are based on data from Ingram's management information system. The operations planning system combines these two information sources. KW - Flowmeters KW - Fuel conservation KW - Inland waterways vessels KW - Management information systems KW - Measurement KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - Planning KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Towed barges KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394282 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649800 AU - Chirillo (L.D.) Associates AU - Maritime Administration AU - Todd Pacific Shipyards Corporation TI - FLEXIBLE PROTECTION SCHEDULING SYSTEM PY - 1986/04 SP - Various p. AB - The principal operating manager of a shipyard is envisioned as a conductor who controls many musicians to insure the same tempo. Given that schedules for different types of shipbuilding work are integrated and based on ranges of variation for processes in statistical control, anyone being ahead of schedule when building ships becomes as detrimental as an orchestra member who exceeds the prescribed tempo. Controls for insuring adherence to schedules are decentralized. Schedules are organized in tiers so that lapses are apparent from work flows that are ahead of schedule to those that are behind. The methods described are those developed by Ishikaswajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. for controlling shipyard workloads. By adaptation they are applicable to other shipyards which employ product-oriented manufacturing systems. KW - Fabrication KW - Hull construction KW - Hulls KW - Management KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Paint application KW - Painting KW - Pipe KW - Pipe fabrication KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Scheduling KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyard management KW - Shipyards KW - Zone outfitting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388870 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656288 AU - Frankel, E G AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPACT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES ON FUTURE U.S. PORT DEVELOPMENT PY - 1986/04 SP - Various p. AB - The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the changing environment and functions of U.S. ports; (2) to project their future technology, operations, and institutional structures under changing socioeconomic, trade, and technological conditions; and (3) to assess how these changes will affect U.S. port productivity, effectiveness and costs, and the ability of U.S. ports to serve as an integral link of intermodal transport in the U.S. transportation system. The results of this analysis are designed to serve as a forecast of likely developments in U.S. ports and their role in the economic development and growth of the country to the year 2000. Appendices include data on U.S. port traffic demand; port capacity demand and supply; and port technology developments. KW - Costs KW - Economic factors KW - Forecasting KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Port capacity KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399924 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650449 AU - Schryver, J C AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration AU - Panama Canal Commission, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone TI - THE COMPARABILITY OF ON-LINE/OFF-LINE STEERING QUALITY PROFILES IN THE BASELINE SCENARIOS PY - 1986/04 SP - 34 p. AB - A series of scenarios were conducted by automatic and human controllers in which large ships met and passed each other near channel bends located in the Gaillard Cut of the Panama Canal. Multivariate significance tests and rank order correlation coefficients were calculated in order to compare the three- dimensional steering quality profiles generated by the two methods of control. Initial analysis revealed that the automatic controller, in contrast to human pilots, utilized a dual-turn strategy even when adjacent turns were geographically close to one another. After the automatic controller was modified to use a single-turn strategy in this situation, statistical analysis showed that the automatic controller offered a very good approximation of expert human control. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automatic pilot KW - Automatic pilot KW - Caorf KW - Panama Canal KW - Passing vessels KW - Performance evaluations KW - Ship controllability KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Steering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392047 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650889 AU - Roessler, E AU - Shumski, G AU - Seaworthy Systems, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARINE DIESEL ENGINE FUEL COST AND QUALITY ANALYSIS/SELECTION PROGRAM PY - 1986/04 AB - The first volume of this two-volume document presents a summary of the Marine Diesel Fuel Cost and Quality Analysis/Selection Program. Volume 2 is a detailed user's guide for this microcomputer-based Program that can be utilized to evaluate and select a fuel for bunkering on the basis of cost per unit heat content in dollars per million BTU, $/MBTU, versus the more traditional method of price per unit volume or weight, referenced to viscosity. In addition, the program will evaluate and identify fuels with potentially harmful contaminants. Also, the program will provide the user/vessel with advisories and cautions regarding potential problems that can arise from engine operation on the actual fuel purchased. The program also provides for trend analysis capabilities to review historic fuel property data for fuels purchased by ship, port and supplier. A program module that generates typical replacement labor and parts costs that may be accrued as a result of engine operation on purchased fuel with contaminant levels approaching or exceeding the engine's limit for that property has also been provided. KW - Computer programs KW - Costs KW - Diesel fuels KW - Fuel costs KW - Fuel oil quality KW - Fuels KW - Microcomputers KW - Selection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394283 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00419897 AU - Bronzini, M S AU - Maritime Administration TI - OPERATIONS PLANNING AND VESSEL PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1986/04 SP - 27 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Barges KW - Energy conservation KW - Evaluation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Inland water transportation KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/233745 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00419917 AU - Bronzini, M S AU - Maritime Administration TI - OPERATIONS PLANNING AND VESSEL PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT: TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1986/04 SP - 65 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Barges KW - Energy conservation KW - Evaluation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Inland water transportation KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/233764 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649451 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Avondale Shipyards, Incorporated TI - PAINTING ON-BLOCK: THE ZONE PAINTING METHOD ADVANTAGE PY - 1986/03 SP - Various p. AB - The Zone Painting Method (ZPTM) has been successfully implemented in Japanese shipyards and has shown to increase both productivity and performance. This report describes the planning and methodology of zone-oriented painting, based on the research of Japanese shipyards. A special focus in this report is given to the "on-block" painting stage in ZPTM. On-block painting is a vital element in ZPTM, adjusting the painting work load to a more even level during the entire ship construction process. Application of ship primer and on-board painting are also treated with some detail in this report as these two elements are connected with on-block painting requirements and part of the zone-oriented painting process. KW - Coatings KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - On-block painting KW - Paint application KW - Painting KW - Specifications KW - Surface preparation KW - Zone planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388859 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649917 AU - Wald, E AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - APPLICATION OF HEART RATE MEASUREMENTS TO MARITIME RESEARCH SIMULATOR PY - 1986/03 SP - 66 p. AB - An experiment was performed on the Ship Simulator of the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) to determine the feasibility of relating the instantaneous heart rates of test subjects with the nature of their on-bridge activity at the time of measurement. It was found that experienced mariners confronted with potential collision situations on the simulator or with difficult maneuvering problems in restricted waters generally experienced elevated heart rates indicative of increased cognitive and emotional arousal. It was also found that variability of heart rate appears to be useful in differentiating workload demands imposed on the mariner by different navigation conditions. KW - Cognition KW - Heart rate KW - Mental workload KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Strain measurement KW - Workload UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388342 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656684 AU - Schryver, J C AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Panama Canal Commission, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone AU - Maritime Administration TI - VALIDATION OF PROPOSED WIDENING SOLUTION FOR THE GAILLARD CUT, APPENDIX F: THE COMPARABILITY OF ON-LINE/OFF-LINE STEERING QUALITY PROFILES IN BASELINE SCENARIOS PY - 1986/03 SP - Various p. AB - Experiments were conducted by automatic and human controllers for scenarios in which large ships met and passed each other near channel bends located in the Gaillard Cut of the Panama Canal. Multivariate significance tests and rank order correlation coefficients were calculated in order to compare the three dimensional steering quality profiles generated by the two methods of control. Initial analysis revealed that the automatic controller, in contrast to human pilots, utilized a dual turn strategy even when adjacent turns were geographically close to one another. After the automatic controller was modified to use a single turn strategy in this situation, statistical analysis showed that the automatic controller offered a very good approximation of expert human control. For the main report of this study, see AN 8740. KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic pilot KW - Automatic pilot KW - Caorf KW - Gaillard cut KW - Panama Canal KW - Ship controllability KW - Ship encounters KW - Ship simulators KW - Steering KW - Steering characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399986 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650724 AU - Reid, R E AU - Erskine Systems Control, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONTINUED DEVELOPMENT OF A SHIP PERFORMANCE MONITORING SYSTEM (SPMS) PY - 1986/03 SP - 108 p. AB - This report presents a description of a computer-based onboard automatic ship performance monitoring system developed by Erskine Systems Control, Inc. under a U.S. Maritime Administration research program. The status of the program is reviewed and specific accomplishments discussed. The system design methodology, details of the system, and the performance data provided by the system are presented. A description is given of the configuration aboard the Sea Barge Clipper S.S ALMERIA LYKES as a distributed digital processing system. The advantages of this implementation are discussed in relation to its potential for improved shipboard and shoreside management, flexibility, and growth capability. The technology described is shown to provide the means for achieving significant reductions in operating costs of ship and fleet, and to be independent of the means of propulsion of the ship. The additional efforts required to fully validate the developed technology are defined. Recommendations are made for further work to perfect the overall program. KW - Almeria lykes (Vessel) KW - Automatic vessel control KW - Distributed processing KW - Ship performance monitoring KW - Shipboard computers KW - System descriptions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392144 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00655336 AU - Ellington, M D AU - Cox, Jack C AU - Harrington, M G AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SIDE SCAN SONAR AND SUB-BOTTOM PROFILING SURVEY OF THE CHUKCHI SHELF AND BARROW SEA VALLEY, FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/02 SP - 69 p. AB - In September 1985, ARCTEC Engineering, Inc. performed a side scan sonar and subbottom profile survey in the eastern Chukchi Sea, in the vicinity of the Chukchi Shelf and Barrow Sea Valley. The purposes of the study were: (1) to evaluate and demonstrate deep-tow sonar and seismic capabilities in ice-infested conditions; and (2) to collect side scan sonar and subbottom seismic data in the general vicinity of the Barrow Canyon in order to obtain information on ice gouging, bottom currents, and other geologic processes. According to the authors, this program developed new techniques for bottom acoustic profiling in ice-infested waters, and represents the first known example of surface-towed profiling while breaking through an ice cover. KW - Barrow Sea KW - Chukchi sea KW - Ocean subbottom KW - Sonar KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394102 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649540 AU - Fries, P A AU - Riley, C F AU - Wengert, W H AU - Information Spectrum, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - UNIVERSAL ADAPTER/SEA SHED AT-SEA TEST PY - 1986/02 SP - 84 p. AB - The objective of the test was to determine the performance and viability of the SEA SHED System in a marine terminal and commercial containership at-sea environment. The SEA SHED System is comprised of a Universal Adapter, SEA SHEDs, a containership modified to receive SEA SHEDs, and a set of container adapters. This report examines the reliability, productivity, human factors, and economic considerations involved in the commercial handling of the SEA SHED System during normal operations. The report demonstrates that the system is a practical method of converting a portion of the lifting capacity of containerships to carry heavy and oversized breakbulk cargoes. The report additionally verifies that the system is compatible with existing marine terminal container handling equipment, and that its design is generally acceptable. KW - Break bulk cargo KW - Bulk cargo KW - Containerships KW - Defense shipping KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Military shipments KW - Performance evaluations KW - Sea shed KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649321 AU - Zubaly, R B AU - Neilson, R P AU - Hamlin, N A AU - Webb Institute of Naval Architecture AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Maritime Administration AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY FOR SHIPBUILDING: PROJECT CONDENSATION PY - 1986/02 SP - 176 p. AB - As part of the government/industry-supported National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP), a technical evaluation of the operation of Avondale Shipyards, Incorporated (ASI), was performed by consultants from Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Company, Limited (IHI), in 1980. ASI subsequently implemented four major IHI systems recommended in that evaluation: accuracy control; production planning; design engineering for zone outfitting, and process lanes. The implementation of these systems has decreased production time and increased productivity, thus materially reducing costs. ASI's experience with these improvements is shared with the shipbuilding community via four seminars at the shipyard held from 1982 to 1984. The voluminous material which constituted the lecture notes of those seminars is condensed in this report. Essential material from all of the seminar lectures is included, but detailed discussions and examples of complex schedules and documents used at the shipyard have been left out. The complete work is included in the SNRP Microfiche Library. KW - Layout KW - Lofting KW - Manufacturing KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Planning KW - Process lanes KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Shipbuilding KW - Zone outfitting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00655387 AU - Cox, Jack C AU - McNeilan, T AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - McClelland Engineers, Inc. AU - Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory AU - Maritime Administration TI - GEOTECHNICAL AND CONE PENETROMETER INVESTIGATION OF NORTHWEST CHUKCHI SEA, FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/02 SP - Various p. AB - During September 1985, Arctec Engineering, Inc., with the assistance of McClelland Engineers, conducted a geotechnical investigation in the Northwest Chukchi Sea. The objective of the investigation was to gather seafloor information in geographic areas that are inaccessible to traditional survey vessels. The principal focus area, the region between 72 degrees and 73 degrees North, is an area that is historically ice-covered, or at least ice-infested the year round. The USCG icebreaker POLAR SEA was used as a work platform, making it possible to gather data in all ice conditions, with no restrictions on accessibility to a site. The program consisted of three activities: dart (gravity) coring of the seafloor with potential recoveries of 20 feet of sediment; doppler penetrometer probing of the seafloor to infer in situ soil properties at the site; and cone penetrometer probing of the seafloor to directly measure in situ soil properties. KW - Chukchi sea KW - Cores (Specimens) KW - Coring KW - Ocean bottom KW - Penetrometers KW - Polar sea (Vessel) KW - Properties of materials KW - Sediments KW - Soil properties KW - Soils UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394493 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649543 AU - Denson Engineers, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration AU - Avondale Shipyards, Incorporated TI - PIPE STORAGE AND MOVEMENT STUDY PY - 1986/02 SP - 175 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate various pipe purchasing, handling and storage practices in the shipbuilding industry. From these evaluations, recommendations were made for reducing material costs and improving productivity in accordance with the objectives of the National Shipbuilding Research Program, under the provisions of the Merchant Marine Act of 1970. KW - Handling and storage KW - Materials management KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Pipe KW - Procurement KW - Shipyards KW - Storage facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388102 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654628 AU - St John, J W AU - Wohl, G M AU - Meyer, J R AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - NAVARIN BASIN AND ICE EDGE DATA COLLECTION ABOARD USCGC POLAR SEA PY - 1986/02 AB - Environmental and ship performance data were collected in the Bering Sea aboard USCGC POLAR SEA during March and April 1985. This was the tenth phase of a multiyear program to assess the operational feasibility of a year-round transportation system serving Alaska. The first volume describes the measured and observed ice conditions, as well as meteorological conditions during the deployment. Volume 2 describes the instrumentation system used to measure ice milling loads during the deployment and the results of that program. Volume 3 reports on field tests conducted during the deployment to investigate personnel safety and survival on ice. KW - Arctic environment KW - Arctic marine transportation KW - Arctic Regions KW - Cold weather KW - Drift ice KW - Frigid regions KW - Ice conditions KW - Icebreakers KW - Navarin basin KW - Performance KW - Polar sea (Vessel) KW - Pressure ridges KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Survival UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649325 AU - Lamb, T AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Maritime Administration AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - ENGINEERING FOR SHIP PRODUCTION: A TEXTBOOK PY - 1986/01 SP - 487 p. AB - This is the first book to be written on what appears to be a relatively new approach to the practice of engineering for the construction of current and future ships. The application of the recently introduced design-for-production technique is described and illustrated through examples. However, it is suggested that this technique is not really new and that it has come about only as an individual technique because ship designers have become isolated from the actual production of ships. The ship designers also appear to have forgotten that all design should be developed to be the best for production. Once the best production-oriented designs are developed, it is necessary to transmit the design information to the various departments in the shipyard that use the information. The methods currently used to do this are based on tradition and have not changed much over many years. They are not the most suitable for the efficient production of ships. Therefore, improvements to the existing shipyard engineering methods are presented, and as such are the basis for engineering for production. KW - Accuracy KW - Computer aided design KW - Control KW - Industrial engineering KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Outfitting KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Ship design KW - Ship outfitting KW - Shipbuilding KW - Ships KW - Textbooks KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387977 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649810 AU - Ostapenko, A AU - Chu, P AU - Lehigh University AU - Maritime Administration TI - TORSIONAL STRENGTH OF LONGITUDINALS IN MARINE STRUCTURES PY - 1986/01 SP - 64 p. AB - Lateral-torsional instability (tripping) of stiffeners is often considered in design of marine structures to be only a secondary mode of failure. Analytical studies and some tests have demonstrated, however, that this mode has a serious potential of being the primary mode. This report presents a review of the general analytical methods and of the more prominent current design recommendations. A comparison of the theories with the few available test results indicated an acceptably reasonable agreement. KW - Buckling KW - Longitudinal members KW - Marine structures KW - Naval architecture KW - Stiffened plates KW - Torsion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388280 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00421284 AU - Hockney, L A AU - Whiteneck, L L AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT HANDBOOK FOR ESTIMATING MARINE TERMINAL CARGO HANDLING CAPABILITY PY - 1986 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Cargo handling KW - Evaluation KW - Handbooks KW - Harbors KW - Manuals KW - Marine terminals KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/235538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00419121 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARAD PUBLICATIONS PY - 1986 SP - 49 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Bibliographies KW - Catalogs KW - Merchant marine KW - Shipping KW - U.S. Maritime Administration KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/233416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649323 AU - Vickers, P W AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Maritime Administration TI - EUROPEAN CRAFT TRAINING: A TRIP REPORT PY - 1985/12 SP - 95 p. AB - A study was undertaken to identify training methods used to train shipbuilding craftsmen in Northern European countries. Information was gathered through Eurpoean training literature and on-site inspection of shipyard training centers. It was found that institutional factors such as history of vocational training, educational systems, regulation, and the status of the shipbuilding industry significantly affect training in the shipbuilding industry. Apprenticeships continue to be the most important means of developing skilled craftsmen for the shipbuilding industry. Some traditional apprenticeships have been revised into formal, often regulated, comprehensive training programs: the British use a well defined modular training system, the Germans have developed national laws standardizing occupations and occupational training, Danish shipbuilding utilizes state-run colleges to train apprentices off- the-job. Sweden currently does not have a national apprentice program. Training centers devoted to off-the-job training have been established to provide up-to-date training. Licensed training staff have a significant role in training. The apprentice programs, training centers, and trainers are charged with providing training to skill levels which can be tested and documented. KW - Apprenticeship KW - Education KW - Education and training methods KW - Maritime industry KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Northern Europe KW - Programs KW - Recommendations KW - Shipbuilding KW - Training KW - Training centers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649452 AU - Muther (Richard) and Associates, Leawood, KA AU - Maritime Administration AU - Avondale Shipyards, Incorporated TI - REPORT ON MOVING PERSONNEL AND LIGHT MATERIAL ONTO A SHIP AND ABOUT A SHIPYARD PY - 1985/11/20 SP - 196 p. AB - The objectives of this project were: to study the present methods and equipment used to move personnel and light loads at Avondale's main yard; to estimate the cost of the present methods of moving personnel and light loads; and to develop plans for new methods and/or equipment to reduce costs. This project was done as a case study at Avondale, to which the findings and recommendations are directly applicable. The same principles of analysis and concepts could be applied to any U.S. shipyard. KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Cost estimating KW - Cranes KW - Estimates KW - Materials management KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Recommendations KW - Shipyard transport systems KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388044 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650369 AU - Corrado, C N AU - McCarthy, W L AU - Seaworthy Engine Systems, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - MICRO COMPUTER BASED PART POWER HEAT BALANCE PROGRAM FOR COMMERCIAL MARINE STEAM TURBINE PROPULSION SYSTEMS PY - 1985/11 AB - This report describes a heat balance system developed for use on a microcomputer to enable the operator to quantify the specific fuel consumption of, and characterize individual machinery component thermal performance for, steam turbine propulsion sytems currently utilized by the U.S. merchant fleet. The program is capable of computing a heat and mass flow balance from in-port idle to 100% of rated power output for the following base steam and water cycle types: Economizer/Steam Air Heater, Gas Air Heater, Dual Economizer/Steam Air Heater, Reheat-Steam Air Heater and Reheat-Gas Air Heater. The Program is provided with graphics and printer output capabilities that allow the user comprehensive flexibility in changing base cycle configuration and computing the resultant impact on specific fuel consumption rate and machinery component performance at any power output. Potential uses include: evaluation of equipment upgrades and equipment deratings, plant baseline performance development, comparative analysis of alternative cycle modifications and slow steaming voyage planning and forecasting. KW - Fuel consumption KW - Heat balance KW - Microcomputers KW - Optimization KW - Steam power plants KW - Steam turbines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388944 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648461 AU - Storch, R L AU - Alam, M M AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Maritime Administration TI - ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR U.S. SHIPYARDS PY - 1985/11 SP - 59 p. AB - The primary technique available to shipyards for controlling the accuracy of vendor supplied items is acceptance sampling. Most conventional acceptance sampling plans have concentrated on minimizing the cost of inspection while assuring specified quality levels are maintained. These plans ignore the more important issue of the effect of accuracy of vendor supplied items on productivity. Dr. W. Edwards Deming has developed some of the theory required to develop acceptance sampling based on the impact on productivity. This research has extended that theory, developed a representative list of items purchased by shipyards, and grouped the items into 10 categories based on acceptance sampling requirements. Based on this, plans for each of the groups are developed. KW - Management KW - Productivity KW - Quality control KW - Sampling KW - Shipyard management KW - Shipyards KW - Supply KW - Supplying KW - Zone outfitting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00416986 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTER-BASED COST ANALYSIS SYSTEM PY - 1985/11 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Containerization KW - Cost accounting KW - Costs KW - Information processing KW - Microcomputers KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/235375 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00404766 AU - Maritime Administration TI - TECHNICAL REPORT FOR AN INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF COAL-FIRED SHIP OPERATIONS PY - 1985/11 SP - 60 PP IN V AB - No abstract provided. KW - Cargo ships KW - Coal KW - Coal-carrying vessels KW - Fuels KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/221902 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649329 AU - National Waterways Foundation AU - Southeastern Transportation Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - WATERWAY TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION SERVICE RESOURCE CATALOG PY - 1985/10/15 SP - 97 p. AB - The purpose of this document is to catalog the complete holdings of the WTIS and to inform prospective users how to access the system. Updates will be issued periodically, as new information is accumulated. Succeeding editions of the complete catalog will replace the current edition and all intervening updates and will incorporate all data base additions and deletions. Although, as noted previously, there is no intention to make the data base unnecessarily large, it is anticipated that the natural growth of the collection will eventually make this resource catalog unwieldy. By then a microcomputer version of the data base will be well tested and operating smoothly, so alternative mechanisms for disseminating this information will be pursued. KW - Barge transportation KW - Barges KW - Bibliographies KW - Domestic KW - Domestic shipping KW - Domestic transportation KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways KW - Shipping KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648395 AU - Hastings, K E AU - Cities Service Research and Development Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - AT-SEA TEST AND DEMONSTRATION OF PETROLEUM COKE-OIL MIXTURES (PETCOM) PY - 1985/10 SP - 326 p. AB - Cities Service was prime contractor to the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) for the demonstration of burning petroleum coke/oil mixtures (PETCOM) at sea onboard the S.S. MARINE DUVAL. Cities Service was supported by a number of subcontrators (project team) in this commercial demonstration. The ship is operated by Marine Transport Lines and chartered by Pennzoil (DUVAL) for hauling liquid sulfur. Cities Service, in conjunction with Seaworthy Systems, designed the PETCOM fuel handling system which was installed onboard the ship. John Zink burners and air registers were installed in two Combustion Engineering boilers for the test. COMCO manufactured the PETCOM fuel at their slurry fuels plant next to the Pennzoil sulfur terminal at Port Sutton in Tampa. PETCOM was manufactured from petroleum coke derived from CITGO's Lake Charles, Louisiana refinery and No. 6 oil out of COMCO's storage. Combustion Engineering had a separate contract with MARAD, outside the above project team, to evaluate boiler performance on the ship. The PETCOM demonstration called for burning 15,000 barrels of PETCOM by June 25, 1985, at which time the ship was scheduled for dry dock in Mobile, Alabama. A schematic drawing of how the PETCOM fuel handling system fits into the ship's need for steam generation is included. PETCOM fuels is burned in both starboard and port boilers to produce 450 psig and 730 F superheated steam. This ship drives a turbine to produce electricity to propel the ship, supply ship hotel utilities, and heat the liquid sulfur cargo tanks. KW - Boilers KW - Burners KW - Costs KW - Crude oil KW - Fuel composition KW - Fuel costs KW - Fuel systems KW - Fuels KW - Marine duval (Vessel) KW - Onboard fuel testing KW - Petroleum coke KW - Propulsion KW - Slurry KW - Slurry fuels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387581 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650348 AU - McMullen (John J.) Associates, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIP PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (SPAN) PY - 1985/10 AB - The Ship Performance Analysis System (SPAN) is a computer-based system designed to allow the shoreside personnel of a ship operator to perform a techno-economic analysis of ship performance given: a specific set of ship, prime mover and propeller characteristics; the hull and propeller surface maintenance programs planned for the ship; a projected voyage trading profile; and a specific cost and revenue structure. The results from SPAN enable the user to determine the optimum hull and propeller maintenance procedures. KW - Coatings KW - Fouling (Naval architecture) KW - Hull maintenance KW - Hull roughness KW - Hulls KW - Information processing KW - Performance KW - Propeller cleaning KW - Propeller roughness KW - Propellers KW - Roughness KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388940 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651994 AU - Paraghamian, B AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARAD R&D 1970-85: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF PROGRAMS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS PY - 1985/10 SP - Various p. AB - This report describes the R&D activity of MARAD in the period 1970-1985 and indicates some of the important achievements resulting from this effort. The aim is to give the reader a sense of the nature and broad scope of the MARAD R&D effort and its main accomplishments. It touches on all aspects of technology associated with maritime operations. Contents: Introduction; Shipbuilding Research; Ship Machinery; Competitive Nuclear Merchant Ship; Advanced Ship Systems; Marine Science; Market Analysis; CAORF (Computer Aided Operations Research Facility); Fleet Management Technology; Ship Performance and Safety; Cargo Systems Technology; Energy and Environment; Advanced Navigation/Communications; Port and Intermodal Systems. KW - Development KW - Maritime research KW - Overviews KW - Programs KW - U.S. Maritime Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394337 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651761 AU - Institute of Industrial Engineers AU - Maritime Administration AU - Bath Iron Works Corp. AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - METHODS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP FOR THE SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY PY - 1985/09 SP - Various p. AB - The purpose of the Methods Engineering Workshop is to train shipyard personnel in the techniques of methods improvement with the ultimate goal of improving manufacturing productivity in their yards. The course manual has been designed as both a student reference manual and an instructor guidebook. The manual consists of eight major sections. The titles of these sections are: Productivity; Methods Analysis and Improvement; Selecting the Work to be Studied; Record and Analyze the Method; Record and Measure the Time of an Operation; Examine the Facts; Develop an Improved Method; Selling the Improvement and Maintaining It. Each of these major sections contains reference material written specifically for the shipbuilding industry, providing a more familiar reference for reinforcing the concepts taught in the workshop. In addition, many sections include supplemental texts, articles, charts, and tables to augment the reference material. KW - Courses (Instruction) KW - Industrial engineering KW - Manuals KW - Maritime industry KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Production KW - Productivity KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyard personnel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649380 AU - Hadler, J B AU - Pien, P C AU - Webb Institute of Naval Architecture AU - Maritime Administration TI - RESULTS OF RESEARCH ON TANDEM AND TIP-ATTACHED TANDEM PROPELLERS PY - 1985/09 SP - 52 p. AB - An investigation was made into the potential benefits of tandem propellers and tip-attached tandem propellers. Design calculations using lifting line and lifting surface theory were used, and model propellers were tested in open water. Two sets were tested, one with the same blade shape for forward and aft propellers, and one with different camber for the pair, as determined by design calculations. Angular spacing was varied in each, and the first set included tests with blade tips attached. The experimental results indicate excellent potential for these concepts, particularly for tugs, fishing trawlers and ice breakers, but further experience is needed to achieve the maximum performance. Conclusions and recommendations for further studies are included. KW - Cavitation (Mechanics) KW - Cavitation erosion KW - Design KW - Model tests KW - Propeller blades KW - Propeller efficiency KW - Propellers KW - Recommendations KW - Tandem propellers KW - Tip vortex free propellers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649318 AU - Kaminsky, F C AU - Sonderman, D C AU - Graves, R J AU - University of Massachusetts, Amherst AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Maritime Administration AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA AND QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR THE SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY: TUTORIAL AND WORKBOOK PY - 1985/09 SP - 128 p. AB - The Tutorial/Workbook was developed in conjunction with a set of 4 videotapes to convey the need and applicability of statistical quality control concepts to the shipbuilding industry. The workbook can be used alone or in conjunction with the videotapes which are available through the Audio Visual Material Available for Shipyard Training (AVMAST) catalog. Inquiries should be made to: Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, 2901 Baxter Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. Attn: AVMAST Coordinator. The titles of the video tapes are: The Deming Philosophy of Modern Management; Statistical Control Charts; Statistical Techniques for Discrete Random Experiments; and, Statistical Techniques for Continuous Random Experiments. The ultimate objective of this workbook is to give those individuals who plan to use statistical methods in the shipbuilding industry a practical level of understanding of a widely used graphical technique called the statistical control chart. The authors of this workbook believe firmly that a sound level of understanding of the statistical control chart can be developed only after the student is exposed to an extensive introduction to basic concepts in statistical methods. For this reason the workbook is devoted almost entirely to basic concepts of statistical analysis. After the student develops an understanding of basic statistics, the control chart can then be understood without any difficulty as a straightforward application of statistical methods. KW - Charts KW - Manuals KW - Maritime industry KW - Modules KW - Modules (Electricity) KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Quality assurance KW - Shipbuilding KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00416380 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTER-BASED PLANNING SYSTEMS FOR LINER AND BULK SHIPPING OPERATORS PY - 1985/09 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Forecasting KW - Information processing KW - Microcomputers KW - Planning KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/228156 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649177 AU - American Bureau of Shipping AU - Maritime Administration AU - Newport News Shipbuilding TI - VISUAL REFERENCE STANDARDS FOR WELD SURFACE CONDITIONS, PHASE 2 PY - 1985/08 SP - 19 p. AB - Samples were produced illustrating three types of weld surface condition. Roughness and irregular contour samples were produced at three severity levels in butt and fillet welds; re-entrant angle samples of butt and fillet welds were produced illustrating various angles around 90 deg. The samples could form the basis for a guide for the description and evaluation of weld surface conditions which could be appliable to various structural and pressure vessel applications. The use of such illustrations, replicated as plastic models, could reduce the frequency of making physical measurements of weld surface conditions, and also reduce subjective considerations in evaluating weld surface conditions. KW - Angles KW - Angularity KW - Inspection KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Standards KW - Surfaces KW - Vision KW - Weld inspection KW - Weldments KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387911 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00416875 AU - Maritime Administration TI - UNITED STATES OCEANBORNE FOREIGN TRADE FORECASTS PY - 1985/08 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Economic forecasting KW - Forecasting KW - Merchant marine KW - Shipping KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/235359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649927 AU - Bay Shipbuilding Corporation AU - Maritime Administration AU - Newport News Shipbuilding TI - INVESTIGATION OF TUBULAR ELECTRODES DESIGNED FOR SUBMERGED ARC WELDING APPLICATIONS PY - 1985/07 SP - 252 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to describe the methods used to weld test samples and to present the results of the physical and metallurgical tests performed in this research and development program. This report covers the investigation of the operating characteristics of tubular welding electrodes designed for submerged arc welding applications. The effort of this program was directed toward comparing the relative merits of tubular submerged arc welding electrodes as opposed to solid submerged arc welding electrodes. A set of photomicrographs of a series of weld samples is included in the report. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Electrodes KW - Fillet welds KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Submerged arc welding KW - Welding KW - Welding electrodes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654586 AU - Voelker, R AU - Geisel, F AU - Kotras, T AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIP ICEBREAKING DYNAMICS AND LEVEL ICE RESISTANCE TESTING ABOARD USCGC POLAR STAR IN ANTARCTICA PY - 1985/07 SP - Various p. AB - Tests to measure and record ship motions during icebreaking and maneuvering in thick level ice were conducted in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica aboard USCGC POLAR STAR from January 16-23. The objectives of the icebreaking dynamics phase of the performance testing were to determine distribution of magnitude and frequency of ship motions as a function of ice thickness and vessel speed; to analyze icebreaking patterns; and to measure ship level ice resistance and broken ice cusp size. The maneuvering test phase is reported in a separate volume published by Canadian participants. KW - Antarctica KW - Dynamics KW - Ice KW - Ice dynamics KW - Ice phenomena KW - Ice resistance KW - Ice strength KW - Ice thickness KW - Icebreakers KW - Performance evaluations KW - Polar star (Vessel) KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Ship motion KW - Strength of materials KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394451 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00411103 AU - Douglas, O AU - Kuhn, J AU - Maritime Administration TI - TACOMA HARBOR SERVICE CRAFT EVALUATION REPORT PY - 1985/07 AB - TESTS CONDUCTED ON TWO SURFACE EFFECT SHIPS USED BY THE CITY OF TACOMA FIRE DEPT. IN FIRE FIGHTING AND OTHER PORT-RELATED ACTIVITIES KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Evaluation KW - Fire boats KW - Fires KW - Harbors KW - Tacoma (Washington) KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/227978 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00411736 AU - Logan, K P AU - Maritime Administration TI - VESSEL PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PY - 1985/07 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Automatic data collection systems KW - Fuel consumption KW - Information processing KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/228047 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648708 AU - Vambery, R AU - Kanuk, L AU - City University of New York AU - Baruch College of the City University of New York AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME INDUSTRIAL POLICY PY - 1985/06 AB - Volume 1 of this study attempts to discuss the philosophical issues of industrial policy formulation and to define the terminology and nature of maritime industrial policy formulation. It then proposes a set of desirable objectives which maritime policies should pursue. Volume 2 endeavors to show that a strong United States merchant marine would help the nation achieve important strategic objectives of economic security, economic growth and national security. New maritime industrial policy must be designed to make United States carriers independent, self-supporting and profitable, and enable them to achieve parity with foreign flag carriers. KW - Delphi method KW - Delphi survey KW - Economic factors KW - Maritime industry KW - Maritime policy KW - Merchant marine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388816 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650443 AU - Moynehan, J D AU - Smith, M W AU - Eclectech Associates, Incorporated AU - National Maritime Research Center AU - United States Coast Guard AU - Maritime Administration TI - AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEMS AND MEETING TRAFFIC: INTERIM REPORT PY - 1985/06 SP - 126 p. AB - The research reported here is part of the United States Coast Guard's Performance of Aids to Navigation (AN) Systems Project. The objective of the project is to provide guidelines for evaluation and design of AN systems in restricted waterways. The major effort has been the simulator evaluation of aid systems under a variety of conditions. This experiment was designed to evaluate aid arrangements, identified as versatile and high-performing in a variety of situations, in their support of meeting traffic. The data provide a realistic-to-conservative estimate of the risk of collision when large ships meet in narrow channels. The simulation included a realistic view of the traffic ship, bank and ship interaction efforts, and unpredictability as to the track on which the traffic ship approached. KW - Aids to navigation KW - Channel marking KW - Collision risk KW - Restricted waters KW - Ship pilotage KW - Shiphandling KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392041 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648455 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Avondale Shipyards, Incorporated TI - ABRASIVE TESTING CABINETS: A STATE OF THE ART STUDY PY - 1985/06 SP - Various p. AB - The purpose of this mini-study was to investigate the suitability of existing abrasive test cabinets to be used as standard equipment for evaluating abrasives. Eight test cabinets are reviewed and details are given in the appendix of the report. KW - Abrasion tests KW - Blast cleaning KW - Equipment tests KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - State of the art KW - Test equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649873 AU - Townley, J L AU - Wilson, J A AU - Thompson, M L AU - Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co. AU - Polaris Marine Associates, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - INTERACTIVE VIDEO PILOTAGE TRAINING FOR DECK OFFICERS PY - 1985/06 AB - This is the final report on the development of a demonstration project to evaluate interactive video as an aid in the pilotage training of deck officers. The downbound channel of the St. Marys River through Rock Cut was used for the project. Video tapes involving three successive levels of difficulty were used by the entering cadets of the Great Lakes Maritime Academy to develop knowledge of the section. Interactive video was found to have value both as a training and testing aid for pilotage candidates. The appendices contain the videotaping and video editing scripts, the test questions, interactive video flow charts, chart navigation test and shipboard evaluation form used for the project. KW - Deck officers KW - Evaluation KW - Pilotage KW - Saint Marys River KW - Training KW - Videotapes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388874 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654623 AU - Voelker, R P AU - Geisel, F A AU - Free, A P AU - ARCTEC Engineering, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - BEAUFORT SEA DATA COLLECTION MULTIYEAR ICE RESEARCH ABOARD USCGC POLAR SEA PY - 1985/06 SP - Various p. AB - Environmental and ship performance data were collected in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas during the deployment of the USCGC POLAR SEA from November 11 to December 4, 1984. Included in the report are multiyear ice profile data; temperature and salinity data from ice cores; ice drift data; and meteorological data. In addition, an encounter of the POLAR SEA with an active shear ridge is described, and the results of the use of an inflatable life raft in a test of personnel evacuation and survival in the Beaufort Sea are reported. This project is part of a multiyear study to define the offshore Alaskan environment and assess the feasibility of year-round transportation systems involving Arctic regions. KW - Arctic environment KW - Arctic marine transportation KW - Arctic Regions KW - Beaufort Sea KW - Chukchi sea KW - Cold weather KW - Drift ice KW - Frigid regions KW - Ice KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice loads KW - Icebreakers KW - Loads KW - Performance KW - Polar sea (Vessel) KW - Pressure ridges KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Survival UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648837 AU - Hunt, E C AU - Webb Institute of Naval Architecture AU - Maritime Administration AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ALTERNATIVELY CONFIGURED FLUIDIZED BED SUPERHEATER SUBJECTED TO SIMULATED SHIP MOTIONS PY - 1985/06 SP - 240 p. AB - An experimental program undertaken on an approximately 2 ft. x 3 ft. unfired horizontal submerged tube fluidized bed heat exchanger under simulated ship motions revealed the following new conclusions and verification of previous results: the submerged tube to fluid heat transfer coefficient is improved as bed particle size is reduced; in design of a full-scale shipboard fluidized bed, consideration must be given to the abrasive action of the bed under ship motions in material selection; a statistically significant improvement in the tube to fluid heat transfer coefficient was observed for a fluidized bed under simulated ship motions versus a stationary fluidized bed for Reynolds numbers under 2.12 - for calculation of this Reynolds number, the characteristic diameter was the particle diameter; and, a fluidized bed with a single perforated plate baffle, located in the center near the bed surface, has a tube to fluid heat transfer coefficient approximately 28 percent better than a similar fluidized bed without a baffle. KW - Characteristics KW - Fluidized bed combustion KW - Fluidized beds KW - Heat transfer KW - Performance KW - Ship motion KW - Superheaters UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387745 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648561 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Todd Pacific Shipyards Corp. TI - PRODUCT ORIENTED MATERIAL MANAGEMENT PY - 1985/06 SP - 99 p. AB - In order to identify material management problems experienced by U.S. shipbuilders, the researcher distributed questionnaires to selected shipbuilders and suppliers of machinery and equipment, and made visits to several shipyards. Thus, this publication which is based upon the material management system for zone-oriented, integrated hull construction, outfitting and painting as performed by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI) of Japan, also reflects some opinions and comments from questionnaire returns and visits with U.S. shipbuilders. KW - Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. KW - Labor unions KW - Management KW - Maritime industry KW - Materials KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Organization KW - Planning KW - Procurement KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyard management KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00419896 AU - VAMBERY, R G AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME INDUSTRIAL POLICY: VOLUME I PY - 1985/06 SP - 79 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Economic factors KW - Economic impacts KW - Merchant marine KW - Policy KW - Shipping KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/233744 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00419895 AU - KANUK, L L AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME INDUSTRIAL POLICY: VOLUME 2 PY - 1985/06 SP - 99 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Economic factors KW - Economic impacts KW - Merchant marine KW - Policy KW - Shipping KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/233743 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00411102 AU - WEYL, P K AU - Maritime Administration TI - DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR PORT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT PY - 1985/06 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Canals KW - Harbors KW - Information processing KW - Louisiana KW - Management KW - Maps KW - New Orleans (Louisiana) KW - Port of New Orleans KW - Waterfronts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/227977 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649802 AU - Weinreich, D AU - EMSCOR, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration AU - Avondale Shipyards, Incorporated TI - SLEW CRANES IN SHIPYARDS--A STUDY PY - 1985/05 SP - 70 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to examine the various types of cranes in current use in shipbuilding yards round the world, and to make a recommendation on which type is most cost effective for installation in U.S. shipyards. It is written for the manager who knows little about slew cranes and yet has to make the final decision to buy one. It is extremely readable in layman's language, provides a history of cranes in industry, defines all needed technical terms, and is tailored to U.S. shipyards. Most important, the study provides a detailed examination of five actual cranes with a view to establishing the investment cost of each type--its "cost--to-- build"--and its maintenance and running costs. Operational efficiencies, the speed, accuracy, and downtime of each crane type, are also investigated. KW - Costs KW - Cranes KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Shipyards KW - Slewing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649186 AU - Maritime Administration TI - ECONOMIC SUPPORT SHIPPING PY - 1985/04/15 SP - Various p. AB - This report provides a comprehensive, unclassified assessment of the merchant shipping capacity that would be necessary to support the U.S. economy in a conflict occurring in 1990. Shipping requirements are derived from MARAD estimates of the level of essential commodity imports during both a severe import disruption and a moderate import disruption. These requirements are summarized for three general types of ships: general cargo, dry bulk, and tanker. The MARAD study also examines whether sufficient shipping capacity would be available to meet U.S. economic support shipping requirements. This study finds that the shipping capacity that is considered reliable and available from the world fleets is likely to be adequate to meet the needs for emergency shipping in the U.S. foreign trades. The U.S.-flag tanker fleet should be able to meet all domestic tanker requirements, except under the conditions expected to prevail when the strategic petroleum reserve is empty, at which time some foreign-flag tonnage would be needed. KW - Capacity KW - Commodity flow KW - Deactivation KW - Defense preparedness KW - Emergencies KW - Imports KW - Requirements KW - Shipping KW - Specifications KW - Supply KW - Supply (Economics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388846 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651075 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Avondale Shipyards, Incorporated TI - FITTING AND WELDING CYLINDERS PY - 1985/04 SP - 101 p. AB - A feasibility study by the Maritime Administration in cooperation with the Avondale Shipyards, Inc., addresses methods for manufacturing reinforced tubulars and presssure vessels in continually varying diameters, weights, assembled lengths, and tolerances. The study objective was the mechanization of aligning, assembling, and arc-welding reinforced shells and fitting them with axial reinforcing profiles. Proven samples of this production method are cited and time savings are identified in the report on the study. The production equipment, including types of machines used, operational sequence, and working functions, are illustrated, and photographs of actual manufacturing are included. KW - Cylinders (Geometry) KW - Cylindrical shells KW - Electric arc welding KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Pressure vessels KW - Shells (Structural forms) KW - Shipbuilding KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392296 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649817 AU - O'Hara, J M AU - Saxe, C AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE DEVELOPMENT, RETENTION, AND RETRAINING OF DECK OFFICER WATCHSTANDING SKILLS IN MARITIME CADETS PY - 1985/03 SP - 80 p. AB - The U.S. Maritime Administration has developed a training program designed to enhance the watchstanding knowledge, skills, and bridge procedures of senior deck and dual (deck/engine) officer candidates at the United States Merchant Marine Academy. The Bridge Watchstanding Training Program combines classroom instruction and simulated shiphandling exercises with instructional feedback. This study was an effort to examine the loss of skills in a nine month period following training, and the degree to which skill loss was mitigated through the exposure of cadets to refresher training exercises experienced six months after training. To meet these objectives, two groups of midshipmen participated in the study. Each received the training program preceded by and followed by an evaluation of their watchstanding skills. KW - Retraining KW - Ship simulator training KW - Skill renewal KW - Skill retention KW - Students KW - Watchkeeping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649598 AU - Puglisi, J J AU - O'Hara, J M AU - D'Amico, A AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE ROLE OF MARITIME SIMULATION IN PORT AND WATERWAY DEVELOPMENT PY - 1985/03 SP - 7 p. AB - One of the primary objectives of the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) is to promote the development of U.S. ports and commercial transportation systems. As part of the effort towards realizing this objective, MARAD has built and developed one of the world's most sophisticated shiphandling computer simulators. The simulator is housed at the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) in Kings Point, New York, and consists of a full ship's bridge and related hardware and software required to develop realistic simulators. The simulated ship is piloted by experienced licensed mariners in simulated ports and harbors. Simulation makes possible the integration of all of the important variables in marine transportation system--man, ship, and environment--in the study and evaluation of proposed system design modification. These modifications include port and waterway developments, vessel and instrument design, modification of operational procedures and risk management. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the use of marine simulation in one of the areas described above--port and waterway development. Two studies are described, one for Hampton Roads, Virginia, and the other for the Panama Canal, for which CAORF was used in the evaluation of channel designs proposed to enable these ports to better accommodate deep-draft vessels. KW - Caorf KW - Channel design KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Hampton Roads (Virginia) KW - Panama Canal KW - Port operations KW - Simulation KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388140 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00411181 AU - Hammell, T J AU - Gynther, J W AU - PITTSLEY, V M AU - Maritime Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF SIMULATOR-BASED TRAINING FOR MARINE PILOTS PY - 1985/03 SP - 75 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Navigation KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship pilots KW - Simulation KW - Synthetic training devices KW - Synthetics KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/226155 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00661627 AU - Agapakis, J E AU - Somers, T AU - Koreisha, N A AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - BASIC RESEARCH ON THE INTRODUCTION OF WELDING ROBOTS TO COMMERCIAL SHIPBUILDING PY - 1985/02 SP - 274 p. AB - A research program was launched aimed at realizing the smooth and rapid utilization of welding robotics to commercial shipbuilding. One of the tasks of the program was the preparation of a comprehensive report containing an annotated bibliography of welding automation and robotics and a register discussing current state of the art in welding robotics. Another task involved the preparation of technical feasibility studies on future applications of robotics in shipbuilding. Special attention was focused on the development of visual sensing and the processing techniques useful for nondestructive evaluation of welds. All information gathered and generated by the various tasks of the research program were organized and presented in this final report. KW - Automatic welding KW - Robots KW - Shipbuilding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404410 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657887 AU - Bunch, H M AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND MANPOWER SCHEDULES FOR THE SINGLE-SCREW, MULTI-PURPOSE MOBILIZATION SHIP, PD214, IN COOPERATION WITH AVONDALE SHIPYARDS, INC., NEW ORLEANS, LOUISANA PY - 1985/02 SP - Various p. AB - This report describes the construction planning and manpower schedules for the production of five PD214 general mobilization ships (jumbo version) at Avondale Shipyard, New Orleans, Louisiana. The report is divided into the following sections: Avondale shipyard facilities; construction scheduling; manpower scheduling; material purchasing; planning for the use of facilities during construction; schedules for drawing of plans and sea trials; and comparison of options for the main propulsion and cargo handling configuration. KW - Cargo handling KW - Drawings KW - Labor market KW - Pd214 general mobilization ship KW - Planning KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Scheduling KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyard personnel KW - Shipyards KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653507 AU - Hesterman, M T AU - Maritime Administration TI - OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DOUBLE-STACK CONTAINER TRAIN PY - 1985 SP - 22 p. AB - Topics discussed include the following: the economic advantages of moving commodities in double-stacked containers; the design of double-stack rail cars; and the operations of APL, Sea-Land and Burlington Northern Railroads double-stack trains. KW - Economic factors KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Railroad transportation KW - Stack trains UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393326 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00418890 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT ECONOMIC IMPACT KIT PY - 1985 SP - 169 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Economic factors KW - Economic impacts KW - Harbors KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Portkit computer program UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/233341 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00411159 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME LABOR : MANAGEMENT AFFILIATIONS GUIDE, 1985 86 PY - 1985 SP - 35 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Collective bargaining KW - Directories KW - Labor agreements KW - Merchant marine KW - Merchant seamen KW - Societies KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/226144 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00411076 JO - TECHNICAL REPORT ; CAORF-50-8318-02 -UNTRACED PB - Maritime Administration AU - Gynther, J W AU - Hammell, T J AU - PITTSLEY, V M AU - Maritime Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR SIMULATOR-BASED MARINE PILOT TRAINING PROGRAMS PY - 1985 IS - -50- SP - 96 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Navigation KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship pilots KW - Simulation KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/229005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00401919 AU - Maritime Administration TI - INVENTORY OF AMERICAN INTERMODAL EQUIPMENT PY - 1985 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Containerization KW - Containerships KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/216096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00402499 AU - Maritime Administration TI - LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER REGIONAL BARGE FLEETING ASSESSMENT, PLAN, AND HANDBOOK GUIDE PY - 1985 SP - 545 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Barges KW - Inland water transportation KW - Mississippi River KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215545 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00403100 AU - OFFICE OF MARKET DEVELOPMENT TI - U.S.-FLAG CROSSTRADING PY - 1984/12 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Policy KW - Regulation KW - Shipping KW - Shipping conferences KW - Trade KW - Trade regulation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/216302 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648338 AU - Bethlehem Steel Corporation AU - Bath Iron Works Corp. AU - Maritime Administration AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - APPLICATION OF LABOR STANDARDS FOR SCHEDULING, PRODUCTION CONTROL AND MANPOWER LEVELING PY - 1984/12 SP - 95 p. AB - This paper presents a method for developing and applying scheduling/manpower models for the fitting and welding of Panel Shop/Ground Assembly standard units. The models are based on a Critical Path method type network with activity durations expressed as a variable dependent upon the total expected effort required by a particular craft. A software package is presented which aids in the application of the developed models. This package is written in BASIC for the IBM Personal Computer or compatibles. KW - Hull construction KW - Hulls KW - Labor market KW - Management KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Planning KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Scheduling KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyard management KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387540 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649940 AU - Aranow, P I AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - A COMPARISON OF COLLISION AVOIDANCE PERFORMANCE USING VARIOUS SHIPBOARD ELECTRONIC AIDS PY - 1984/12 SP - 90 p. AB - The importance of reducing the shipping losses, environmental damage, and loss of lives that are often associated with maritime accidents is well recognized. This need motivated a series of experiments that were performed on the ship maneuvering simulator of the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF). This report summarizes the results of those experiments that were performed to investigate the effectiveness of different electronic equipments in improving tanker and VLCC (Very Large Crude Carriers) watch officer collision avoidance, thereby reducing the risk of ship-to-ship collisions at sea. The experiments compared watch officer performance in realistically simulated collision encounters when aided by visual sighting, conventional radar, stored history systems, and two computer-aided threat assessment systems (a PAD- type CAS and vector system). KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Electronic equipment KW - Radar KW - Simulation KW - Watchkeeping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388365 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650067 AU - St John, J W AU - Daley, C AU - Blount, H AU - Arctec Canada Limited AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration AU - Transport Canada TI - ICE LOADS AND SHIP RESPONSE TO ICE: USCG POLAR CLASS 1982/83 DEPLOYMENT PY - 1984/12 AB - This paper presents work toward development of local ice load criteria for icebreaking ships. A bow panel of approximately 100 sq.ft. was instrumented, being divided into 60 sub-panel areas over which uniform pressures were calculated during each impact with ice. Finite element models of the hull structure were used to develop a data reduction matrix relating the measured strains to uniform pressures. Approximately 1400 events over a preset threshold strain were recorded. Extreme pressure-area curves were developed for each event, and extreme envelopes for each of five geographical areas. Trends in peak force and peak pressure are examined in terms of ship impact speed and ice conditions. Frequency-of-occurrence tables for highest average pressure are developed as a function of impact area for each geograhpical area. A statistical analysis of the extremes of the north Chukchi Sea data indicated that the peak pressure data followed a Gumbel extreme value distribution. Finally, a non- dimensional analysis was performed on selected data, and an empirically based approach is presented for developing extreme pressure-area curves as a function of ice conditions, ship impact speeds, and the return period. KW - Beaufort Sea KW - Bering Sea KW - Chukchi sea KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Ice KW - Ice forces KW - Ice loads KW - Icebreakers KW - Icebreaking KW - Loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388896 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00402498 AU - Maritime Administration TI - LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER REGIONAL BARGE FLEETING ASSESSMENT, PLAN, AND HANDBOOK GUIDE : EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1984/12 SP - 85 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Barges KW - Inland water transportation KW - Mississippi River KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215544 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00404545 AU - Maritime Administration TI - A GUIDE TO STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR THE INLAND BARGE AND TOWING INDUSTRY PY - 1984/12 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Barges KW - Inland water transportation KW - Mississippi River KW - Planning KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/221856 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656682 AU - Schryver, J C AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Panama Canal Commission, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone AU - Maritime Administration TI - VALIDATION OF PROPOSED WIDENING SOLUTION FOR THE GAILLARD CUT, APPENDIX E: A COMPLETE GUIDE TO DEVELOPMENT OF A STEERING QUALITY INDEX PY - 1984/11 SP - 53 p. AB - This document outlines the technical issues involved in the development of steering quality indexes. Calculations are presented for deriving index values, based on such determinants as safety margins for emergency maneuvering, control force margins, control moment margins, absolute and relative clearance margins, and course changing quality. The steering quality index prototype is intended for a situation in which ownship meets and passes another ship in a restricted waterway or canal. The indexes can be used either for straight reaches or channel bends. For the main report of this study, see AN 8740. KW - Calculation KW - Caorf KW - Computation KW - Criteria KW - Gaillard cut KW - Indexes (Ratios) KW - Mathematical models KW - Ratings KW - Ratios KW - Steering KW - Steering characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656093 AU - Baham, G J AU - Baham Corp. AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF COAL-FIRED SHIP OPERATIONS PY - 1984/11 SP - 57 p. AB - This report summarizes the operational experiences of a new generation of oceangoing coal-fired ships. The information presented is based on discussions with shipowners and operators and with shipyard personnel, as well as on data published in the literature. According to the report, the owners/operators of seven of these new vessels, in spite of some problems in the areas of fuel quality, coal transfer and ash handling, overwhelmingly endorse the coal- fired propulsion systems. Economic viability is cited as the major reason for this solid support. KW - Coal fired ships KW - Service experience UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00403895 AU - Maritime Administration TI - STUDY OF PNEUMATIC CONVEYING SYSTEMS UTILIZING LAMINAR FLOW BOUNDARY AIR TECHNOLOGY IN LOADING, DISCHARGE OR TRANSFER OF CARGO IN U.S. BULK CARRIERS PY - 1984/10/30 SP - 133 PP IN AB - No abstract provided. KW - Boundary layer KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Conveying machinery KW - Dry bulk cargo KW - Handling and conveying equipment KW - Laminar flow KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Pneumatic-tube transportation KW - Solids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/221718 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650044 AU - MacKenzie, F D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME NAVIGATION/COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM, VOLUME 1: NAVIGATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM STUDY PY - 1984/10 SP - 53 p. AB - A Maritime Administration/Transportation Systems Center team has been conducting a program to study navigation and communication systems on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River with the objective of defining technologies and systems that have the potential to increase economic benefits to the users and support National Defense and National Strategic Goals. This report presents the results of the first phase of this study. It identifies shortcomings in existing systems, namely: dependence upon visual aids for navigation; congestion in the communications system; lack of timely environmental data; and physical constraints of lock size and channel depth. KW - Communication KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland waterways KW - Inland waterways communications KW - Inland waterways navigation KW - Saint Lawrence River KW - Ship pilotage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388448 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650837 AU - Kaufman, E J AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - USING SIMULATION TO DETERMINE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR UNHINDERED VISIBILITY IN CONTAINERSHIPS PY - 1984/10 SP - 42 p. AB - This study was designed to investigate the degree to which cargo piled on the deck of a containership can block a pilot's view of the surrounding water and, thus, affect his shiphandling. Pilots were asked to maneuver a containership through a 400 foot wide buoyed channel in which were a 30 degree and 45 degree turn. The pilots were asked to follow a centerline of the channel as closely as possible and to maneuver through a mooring basin in which were several small fishing boats. To vary the degree to which a pilot's view was blocked, the height of the bridge above the stack of containers was adjusted to create blind areas of one, two, or four ship lengths ahead of the bow. Half of the subjects made their runs under blind conditions of one and two ship lengths, and half under blind conditions of one and four ship lengths. Performance measures were compared for one vs. two and two vs. four ship length blind areas. Separate analyses were performed for the straight segments, each turn, and the mooring area. No reliable differences were found at any point between one and two ship length blind areas. However, the four ship length blind area produced significantly worse performance than the two ship length blind area. KW - Caorf KW - Containerships KW - Control KW - Load control KW - Loads KW - Performance KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship pilots KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Shiphandling KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392191 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653848 AU - Geisel, F A AU - Voelker, R P AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - BERING SEA DATA COLLECTION ABOARD USCGC POLAR STAR, FEBRUARY-MARCH 1984, VOLUME 2: SHIP PERFORMANCE DATA PY - 1984/09/20 SP - 122 p. AB - Environmental and ship performance data were collected in the Bering Sea aboard USCGC POLAR STAR during the period February-March 1984. This was the sixth phase of a multiyear program to assess the operational feasibility of a year-round transportation system serving Alaska. This is the second volume of a two volume set and reports POLAR class performance during operations in the Bering Sea. KW - Bering Sea KW - Fuel consumption KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice navigation KW - Ice operations KW - Icebreakers KW - Performance KW - Polar star (Vessel) KW - Rammings KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Trafficability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653845 AU - Voelker, R P AU - Geisel, F A AU - Wohl, G M AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - BERING SEA DATA COLLECTION ABOARD USCGC POLAR STAR FEBRUARY-MARCH 1984, VOLUME 1: ENVIRONMENTAL DATA PY - 1984/09/20 SP - 265 p. AB - Environmental and ship performance data were collected in the Bering Sea aboard USCGC POLAR STAR during the period February-March 1984. This was the sixth phase of a multiyear program to assess the operational feasibility of a year-round transportation system serving Alaska. This is the first volume of a two volume set of reports that describe the measured and observed ice conditions, as well as meteorological conditions during the deployment. KW - Arctic environment KW - Arctic Regions KW - Bering Sea KW - Frigid regions KW - Ice KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice reporting KW - Meteorological data KW - Meteorological phenomena KW - Polar star (Vessel) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393506 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00416934 AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. IMPORTS VIA MINIBRIDGE, 1981-1983 PY - 1984/09 SP - 30 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Freight transportation KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - Trade routes KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/232792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651634 AU - Bath Iron Works Corp. AU - Maritime Administration AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - ENGINEERED LABOR STANDARDS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEETMETAL CASE GOOD ITEMS PY - 1984/08 SP - 34 p. AB - The intent of this project was to apply MOST-(Maynard Operation Sequence Technique) engineered labor standards to determine machine efficiencies in order to balance machine loading; to evaluate make/buy comparisons for sheetmetal case good items; and as a base for shop floor control procedures to facilitate ship loading, manning, and scheduling. KW - Capacity KW - Metal sheets KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Planning KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Productivity KW - Rates (Per time) KW - Scheduling KW - Sheet metal KW - Shopping facilities KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392584 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00404764 AU - Maritime Administration TI - SEA SHED TEST AND EVALUATION PROGRAM PY - 1984/08 SP - 9 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Cargo ships KW - Containerships KW - Military transportation KW - Transportation KW - United States KW - United States Navy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/219782 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650265 AU - Yokley, J R AU - Weinreich, R S AU - Daedalean Associates Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROTECTIVE COVERINGS FOR FIBER REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES PY - 1984/06 SP - 100 p. AB - This report discusses work performed in the development of protective elastomeric coverings for application to fiber reinforced epoxy composites to be used in a submerged marine environment. Work was performed in identifying optimum substrate/primer/covering systems and in identifying nonstandard adhesion enhancement/bonding techniques. Data was generated concerning application techniques, various physical properties, and long term saltwater immersion effects on adhesion. KW - Absorption KW - Adhesion KW - Antifouling coatings KW - Coatings KW - Composite materials KW - Fiber composites KW - Primers (Materials) KW - Reinforced plastics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388557 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00407639 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPAIR SYSTEM FOR CAVITATION EROSION PY - 1984/06 SP - 57 PP IN V AB - No abstract provided. KW - Cavitation (Mechanics) KW - Maintenance KW - Materials KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/222085 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651038 AU - Copper Development Association Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - COPPER-NICKEL SHEATHING STUDY--PHASE 2: TWO-YEAR SERVICE PERFORMANCE OF TEST PANELS ON THE ARCO TEXAS PY - 1984/05/31 SP - 72 p. AB - The objectives of this, the second, phase of MARAD's copper-nickel sheathing study were: to determine if 90-10 copper-nickel panels could be emplaced on the hull of a commercial seagoing vessel by the four methods identified for this purpose in Phase 1; and to evaluate the performance of these panels over a 24-month period of service from launch to the first drydocking. Four panels were installed on the ARCO TEXAS, a crude oil tanker, to reach these objectives. KW - Copper alloys KW - Fuel conservation KW - Hull roughness KW - Hulls KW - Metal coatings KW - Panels KW - Roughness KW - Sheathing KW - Tests KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653890 AU - Voelker, R P AU - Geisel, F A AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - LEVEL ICE RESISTANCE OF USCGC POLAR SEA IN ANTARCTICA PY - 1984/05/10 SP - 104 p. AB - Icebreaking resistance data in 3 to 6 feet-thick level ice were collected in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, during the period of January 9-13, 1984. These data, along with previous resistance data from the Arctic, were used to develop a mathematical relationship describing POLAR Class performance in a range of ice thicknesses. Concurrent with the icebreaking resistance tests, ice impact loads were measured on an instrumented bow panel of the POLAR SEA. An appendix summarizes the data collected. A separate report analyzing the data was being planned. KW - Antarctica KW - Ice KW - Ice forces KW - Ice resistance KW - Ice thickness KW - Icebreakers KW - Performance KW - Polar sea (Vessel) KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Thickness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393527 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658515 AU - Reeder, H A AU - Ziegler, P W AU - American Commercial Barge Lines AU - Tracor, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - VESSEL VITAL SIGNS MONITORING PROGRAM, VOLUME 3: SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS AND SYSTEM DESIGN PY - 1984/02/28 SP - Various p. AB - This document deals with the development of the Vessel Vital Signs Monitoring System. The system provides management information for vessel preventive maintenance and operational cost reduction. The techniques used to derive empirical models encompassing some 25 critical engine monitoring points are summarized, and the development of the requisite software is described. KW - Condition monitoring KW - Diesel engines KW - Machinery KW - Management information systems KW - Monitoring KW - Software KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400194 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660077 AU - Yokley, J R AU - Weinreich, R S AU - Daedalean Associates Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SPRAYABLE COMPLIANT COATINGS PY - 1984/02 SP - 40 p. AB - The compliant coatings developed to date by the U.S. Navy include cast urethane materials. If spray application of these compliant coatings can be developed, the application problems could be reduced. The objective of this effort is to investigate techniques of spray-applying compliant coatings. KW - Coatings KW - Plastic coatings KW - Polyurethane resins KW - Spray painting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399594 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656683 AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Panama Canal Commission, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone AU - Maritime Administration TI - VALIDATION OF PROPOSED WIDENING SOLUTION FOR THE GAILLARD CUT, APPENDIX E1: VALIDATION OF A STEERING QUALITY PROFILE TO EVALUATE PILOTED CONTROLLABILITY IN THE PANAMA CANAL PY - 1984/02 SP - Various p. AB - The purpose of the work described in this document was to test the reliability and validity of a set of piloted controllability indices known as the steering quality profile (SQP), to undertake revisions of the prototypes as necessary, and to validate the final SQP. Validation was accomplished by empirical methods using the full mission CAORF shiphandling simulator. The database used for this validation study was a portion of the database scheduled for use in the Gaillard Cut widening study, and the basic scenarios used for testing closely resembled those planned for that study. For the main report of this study, see AN 8740. KW - Caorf KW - Gaillard cut KW - Indexes (Ratios) KW - Panama Canal KW - Ratios KW - Ship controllability KW - Ship simulators KW - Steering KW - Steering characteristics KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399985 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656054 AU - Reid, R E AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Maritime Administration TI - ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEM TO MINIMIZE PROPULSION LOSSES DUE TO STEERING PY - 1984/01 SP - 134 p. AB - This report presents the results of work on the design of advanced and adaptive control systems for online minimization of propulsion losses due to steering. The theory of Disturbance Accommodating Controllers is applied to the steering control of a tanker. An adaptive control scheme that employs self-tuning regulator principles is developed. Controllers designed with the adaptive scheme are compared with others designed by deterministic and optimal control methodologies via time-domain simulations of the ship, steering system, and seaway. It is observed that the adaptive controller based on a simple time-series model performs as well as the best performance achieved by LQG (Linear Quadratic Gaussian) controllers. KW - Adaptive control KW - Automatic pilot KW - Automatic pilot KW - Kalman filtering KW - Optimization KW - Steering systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398271 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656087 AU - Weinreich, R S AU - Hochrein, A A AU - Thiruvengadam, A P AU - Daedalean Associates Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE APPLICATION OF THE INTERNAL FRICTION DAMPING NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION (IFD-NDE) TECHNIQUE FOR LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TANKS PY - 1984/01 SP - 107 p. AB - A nondestructive test technique that has the potential for use as an inspection tool for surveying shipboard liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks has been developed. The physical property that is monitored by this technique, known as the Internal Friction Damping Nondestructive Evaluation, is the rate at which an energy impulse imparted to a material or structure decays due to the internal friction of the material. A change in the rate of decay reflects changes in the basic chemical or mechanical properties of the material. This report details the application of this technique from laboratory testing of bar specimens to testing of field structures analogous to LNG tanks. KW - Friction KW - Inspection KW - Liquefied gases KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398287 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00651268 JO - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers-Transactions PB - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Blok, J J AU - Beukelman, W AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE HIGH-SPEED DISPLACEMENT SHIP SYSTEMATIC SERIES HULL FORMS-- SEAKEEPING CHARACTERISTICS PY - 1984 VL - 92 IS - 1984 SP - 26 p. AB - In the operation and design of high-speed ships, a greater emphasis is placed on good seakeeping performance because it is found that large motions and high accelerations can significantly degrade the operational capabilities. The need for better hull forms and the increased interest in seakeeping performance call for more and better data to be available at the design stage to obtain a right balance between seakeeping and other, often conflicting, requirements. In this paper, the genesis of a systematic series of model experiments is given, illustrated with results. Attention is focused on the general thoughts underlying the series, the selection of the characteristic section shape, the selection of the basic hull shape, the choice of the parameters to be varied in the series, and the parameters to be fixed from the outset. The choice of the parent hull form and the seakeeping aspects associated with this choice are discussed, and the amalgamation of the data in the form of design charts is shown. KW - Displacement hulls KW - High speed vessels KW - Hull form KW - Hulls KW - Model series KW - Seakeeping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/395086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654142 AU - Maritime Administration TI - CHARACTERISTICS AND INDEX OF MARITIME ADMINISTRATION SHIP DESIGNS PY - 1984 SP - 181 p. AB - This catalog provides information on United States-flag, oceangoing merchant ships built under Title V of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, as amended. Section I tabulates data on characteristics of Maritime Administration ship designs (dimensions, capacities, weights, and performance) for various types of merchant ships. Section II contains five different indexes to help the user locate a particular ship. KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Ship characteristics KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - U.S. Maritime Administration KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393617 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00651271 JO - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers-Transactions PB - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Fischer, R W AU - Maritime Administration TI - NOISE REDUCTION PROGRAM FOR THE USCG 95-FT PATROL BOATS: A CASE HISTORY PY - 1984 VL - 92 IS - 1984 SP - 17 p. AB - During a recent renovation program on the U.S. Coast Guard 95-ft Patrol Boats, a number of noise control treatments were installed that have significantly reduced the crew noise exposure levels. Primary credit belongs to the successful isolation mounting of the marine propulsion diesels. The isolators have built-in-thrust reaction elements, eliminating the need for a shaft thrust bearing. To the author's knowledge, this is the first vessel of this size to utilize such a novel mounting system. The measured overall noise reduction in accommodation and operating spaces was greater than 16 dB for frequencies above 250 Hz. Propeller-induced noise, which was not treated, currently dominates the low-frequency noise spectrum. The careful execution of a noise control program has shown that acceptable noise reductions can be achieved on small, powerful boats during retrofits, even under difficult mechanical and space constraints. KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Patrol boats KW - United States Coast Guard ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/395089 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00651272 JO - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers-Transactions PB - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Daley, C G AU - St John, J W AU - Seibold, F AU - Maritime Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF EXTREME ICE LOADS MEASURED ON USCGC POLAR SEA PY - 1984 VL - 92 IS - 1984 SP - 12 p. AB - Measured ice loads have been obtained from an instrumental panel on the bow of the USCGC POLAR SEA. The panel covers an area of 9.1 m and is capable of resolving pressures over an area of 0.15 m. During early 1983, the POLAR SEA conducted trials in the Bering Sea, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas in level ice, pressure ridges, and thick multilayer ice. This paper presents an analysis of the ice forces and pressures, based on probability. The data for thick multilayer ice are analyzed and presented for extreme-value statistics of pressure versus area. A theoretical model of the ship/ice impact interaction was used to extend the statistical relationships to ships of other sizes. A general algorithm, therefore, is proposed that describes the statistics of ice pressure as a function of ship displacement, velocity, and stem angle, valid for any ship in thick multilayer ice. The general formulation is extended to all types of sea ice through the analysis of nondimensional ice loads for a range of ice thicknesses and ice strengths. KW - Extreme loads KW - Ice KW - Ice loads KW - Icebreakers KW - Impact loads KW - Loads KW - Pressure KW - Pressure distribution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/395090 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00651269 JO - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers-Transactions PB - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Kiss, R K AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE SNAME TECHNICAL AND RESEARCH PROGRAM OF 1984 PY - 1984 VL - 92 IS - 1984 SP - 34 p. AB - This paper traces the progress of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers Technical and Research Program since the program's inception. It provides an up-to-date overview of what is taking place in each of the T&R panels to communicate the diverse activities of panels to SNAME members at large. Sections of the paper cover each of the eight standing Technical and Research Committees (Hull Structures, Hydrodynamics, Ship's Machinery, Ship Technical Operations, Marine Systems, Ship Production, Ship Design, and Small Craft). Special activities such as the Ad Hoc Committee on Maritime Energy Research and Development are also discussed. Finally, the paper provides a look at the future needs and potential to continue to serve the members and their profession. KW - Maritime research KW - Overviews KW - Professional societies KW - Programs KW - Research KW - Shipbuilding KW - Sname (Society of naval architects and marine engineers) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/395087 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00651270 JO - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers-Transactions PB - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Hadler, J B AU - English, J W AU - GUPTA, S K AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROGRAM TO MINIMIZE PROPELLER-INDUCED VIBRATION ON CONVERTED MAERSK "E" CLASS SHIPS PY - 1984 VL - 92 IS - 1984 SP - 37 p. AB - The six Maersk "E" Class ships were built in 1979-1980. They are multipurpose roll-on/roll-off and lift-on/lift-off ships. In October 1981, when the United States Navy initiated the Maritime Prepositioning Ship concept, Maersk Line offered five of these "E" Class ships for conversion and charter. As a consequence of increasing the ships' size and rerating the engines to maximum output, a new propeller design was required. The first part of the paper describes some of the hull characteristics that are important to the design of the propeller. The next part outlines the propeller designs for the lengthened hull, including the model test work done at the National Maritime Institute, Ltd. (NMI), Feltham, England, in support of the designs. This is followed by a correlation of the full-scale trial pressure measurements made on the lengthened "E" Class ships with the measurements made on the model. Finally, there is a discussion on the cause and cure of tip vortex bursting and how it pertains to ship hull and propeller design. KW - Design process KW - Prepositioned ships KW - Propeller induced vibration KW - Propellers KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Ship conversion KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/395088 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00651273 JO - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers-Transactions PB - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Ghoneim, G A AU - Johansson, B M AU - Smyth, M W AU - Maritime Administration TI - GLOBAL SHIP ICE IMPACT FORCES DETERMINED FROM FULL-SCALE TESTS AND ANALYTICAL MODELING OF THE ICEBREAKERS CANMAR KIGORIAK AND ROBERT LEMEUR PY - 1984 VL - 92 IS - 1984 SP - 30 p. AB - Results from analytical modeling and full-scale testing of the icebreakers CANMAR KIGORIAK and ROBERT LEMEUR are presented. Ramming tests were carried out in the Beaufort Sea in June, July and October of 1983. The main objective of the project, which was carried out jointly with the Canadian Coast Guard, was to evaluate the global ice impact force time histories developed during the ramming of thick first-year and multi-year ice. In previous investigations, only part of the hull, especially in the bow, was instrumented, resulting in partial evaluation of the global ice force. The method used in these tests, however, estimates the components of the total force by extrapolating measured shear forces and bending moments at several sections along the hull to the point of application of the resultant ice load. The results, in the form of impact force and hull-strain time histories, indicate that for the two investigated ships, global representation of the ship under impact forces as an assemblage of finite beam elements is adequate for determining the global dynamic hull response. KW - Canmar kigoriak (Vessel) KW - Ice forces KW - Icebreakers KW - Impact loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Prototype tests KW - Robert lemeur (Vessel) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/395091 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00651302 JO - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers-Transactions PB - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Daidola, J C AU - Maritime Administration TI - NATURAL VIBRATIONS OF BEAMS IN A FLUID WITH APPLICATIONS TO SHIPS AND OTHER MARINE STRUCTURES PY - 1984 VL - 92 IS - 1984 SP - 21 p. AB - A method for the prediction of the vertical and lateral natural vibrations of an Euler beam in a fluid is given, based on a simultaneous solution of the mechanical equation of motion for a vibrating beam and the coupled three-dimensional equation of motion of the surrounding fluid. The resulting boundary-value problem is cast into a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind and solved by Fourier Transforms and matrix methods. The classical approaches applicable to ship hull girder vibration are reviewed and the results of the current method are compared with others, both past and present. The applicability of the "J-factor" approach in considering the effects of the fluid is investigated and the results of a parametric study are given for the purpose of selecting appropriate J-factors for the analysis of vibrating beams or ship hull girders modeled as beams. Specific numerical results are given for beams with fixed, pinned, and free ends. The effects of the fluid on the vibratory natural mode shapes and the impact on vibration analyses are considered. Conclusions are offered with regard to the application of the results. KW - Electromagnetic radiation KW - Euler beams KW - Fluid dynamics KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Hull vibration KW - Hulls KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/395095 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00651311 JO - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers-Transactions PB - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Macha, J M AU - Reid, D F AU - Maritime Administration TI - SEMISUBMERSIBLE WIND LOADS AND WIND EFFECTS PY - 1984 VL - 92 IS - 1984 SP - 40 p. AB - This paper presents the results of a comprehensive investigation of wind loads and wind effects on semisubmersible drilling vessels. The study was directed by the SNAME Panel MS-3 on Mobile Platforms. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted on a Sedco 700-class semisubmersible and on an idealized eight-column platform. Wind forces and moments were measured as a function of vessel draft, heading, inclination, and deck arrangement. Scale effects and effects related to the representation of the sea surface in the wind tunnel were also investigated. Measured wind forces and moments were compared with values obtained using classification society procedures. KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Mobile platforms KW - Model tests KW - Semisubmersible rigs KW - Wind loads on structures KW - Wind tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/395096 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00651267 JO - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers-Transactions PB - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Woodward, J B AU - Latorre, R G AU - Maritime Administration TI - MODELING OF DIESEL ENGINE TRANSIENT BEHAVIOR IN MARINE PROPULSION ANALYSIS PY - 1984 VL - 92 IS - 1984 SP - 17 p. AB - This paper discusses the mathematical modeling of diesel engines for use in computer simulations of marine propulsion transients. The specifics of diesel transient modeling are reviewed in detail; that is, the possible mathematical descriptions of individual components and functions are discussed. The mathematical descriptions are founded on basic thermodynamic and fluid flow principles to the degree thought feasible, but are supported by empirical relationships where necessary. Simulation models based on the modeling specifics are then presented in the form of equations that will provide complete modeling of engine transient behavior within limits imposed by the state of the art, but with good accuracy. Two-stroke and four-stroke models are included, as well as variations on the basic models. Evaluation of engine parameters needed in a simulation model is discussed, with the route to finding values from data likely to be available being pointed out. Comparisons with other published models of marine propulsion engines are offered. KW - Diesel engines KW - Engine simulation KW - Mathematical models KW - Transients UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/395085 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654463 AU - Krehnbrink, T P AU - Sun Ship, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - RESISTANCE PROPERTIES OF SHIPS AS AFFECTED BY HULL ROUGHNESS CHARACTERISTICS PY - 1983/12 SP - 104 p. AB - The author presents a method for performing small-scale tests to establish the relationship between hull roughness and frictional resistance. A rotating disk experimental apparatus and a corrresponding analytical model and solution to study this relationship are described. Comparison of analytical results with experimental results suggests the essential similarity of the boundary layer flow over flat plates and over rotating disks for smooth and sand-grain roughened surfaces. KW - Boundary layer flow KW - Fluid resistance KW - Hull resistance KW - Hull roughness KW - Hulls KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Roughness KW - Skin resistance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653818 AU - Voelker, R P AU - Geisel, F A AU - Dane, K E AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ARCTIC DEPLOYMENT OF USCGC POLAR SEA--WINTER 1983, VOLUME 3: TRAFFICABILITY TESTS PY - 1983/11 SP - 566 p. AB - Environmental and ship performance data were collected aboard the USCGC POLAR SEA during the period March-May 1983 as part of a multiyear program to assess the feasibility of year-round offshore development activities and a year-round marine transportation system for offshore Alaska. This is the third volume of a four volume set and focuses on the performance of the icebreaker from the ice edge in the South Bering Sea to the North Chukchi Sea at Wainright, Alaska. The report includes half-hour data summaries of environmental conditions and ship performance. An analysis of these data is provided, along with an examination of operational factors that affect ship performance. KW - Arctic waters KW - Bering Sea KW - Chukchi sea KW - Cutters (Vessels) KW - Environment KW - Environmental conditions KW - Ice KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice navigation KW - Ice reporting KW - Icebreakers KW - Performance KW - Polar sea (Vessel) KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Trafficability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393491 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657831 AU - Bohlman, M T AU - Chun, M AU - Sea-Land Service, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - REMOTE REEFER MONITORING PY - 1983/10/25 SP - 92 p. AB - This report deals with the development of a remote reefer monitoring system that is based on power line transmission of data. System hardware, software and operational procedures are described in some detail. The authors indicate that demonstration tests conformed the system's capabilities with regard to automatic alarm sounding, data logging, and diagnostic assistance. KW - Data communications KW - Monitoring KW - Refrigerated ships KW - Remote control KW - System descriptions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398861 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650803 AU - Bahlert, B C AU - D'Amico, A D AU - Kyriakou, F AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOCUMENTATION FOR INTERACTIVE SUBJECT QUESTIONNAIRE PY - 1983/10 SP - 28 p. AB - This report contains the documentation in support of a questionnaire submitted to test subjects at the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility simulator. All respondents were merchant marine deck officers participating in marine simulation research. The questionnaire is administered by computer and responses are automatically stored on disk. Questions pertain to skill level, experience, utilization of bridge equipment, use of tugs, training, and many other issues related to the operational environment at sea. KW - Biographical profiles KW - Caorf KW - Deck officers KW - Design KW - Questionnaires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649922 AU - Schryver, J C AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC RADAR PLOTTING AIDS (ARPA) DISPLAY MODES AND TRAFFIC ASSESSMENT THROUGH CAORF SIMULATION OF COLLISION AVOIDANCE SITUATIONS PY - 1983/10 SP - 76 p. AB - A study is described which utilized the shiphandling simulator at the Maritime Administration's Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF). Collision avoidance problem solving was assessed with variable modes of presentation on an Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA). One group of licensed masters and mates with watchstanding experience was aided with relative motion vectors attached to target echoes in an unstabilized, "heading-up," relative motion PPI (Plan Position Indicator) display. A second group was similarly aided with true motion vectors. During experimental trials, test subjects entered the simulated bridge to observe a developing traffic situation and assume the conn. The situation was assessed by the subject until an irreversible course of action was initiated. Each subject was tested in nine open-sea scenarios, differing in traffic ship number (2,3, or 5), initial range (3 nmi, 5 nmi, 7 nmi) and traffic speed (10 knots, 15 knots, 20 knots). Subjects using true vector displays were significantly more likely to take evasive action as compared to those using relative vector displays, but the effect was confined to mates. KW - Automatic radar plotting KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Evaluation KW - Motion perception KW - Problem solving KW - Ship simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388347 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651977 AU - Kaminsky, Y AU - Scales, W AU - Dieudonne, J E AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION OF THE SATELLITE-AIDED MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE SYSTEM (SAMSARS) PY - 1983/10 AB - The feasibility of the SAMSARS (Satellite-Aided Maritime Search And Rescue System) concept was demonstrated during the five-phase CCIR Coordinated Trials Program (CTP) which was conducted throughout 1982 and early in 1983. The general objectives of the CTP were the identification and the evaluation of the performance of those satellite EPIRB (Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon) system in the group of the seven international candidates which best meet the operational requirements developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for the Future Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (FGMDSS). During the CTP a number of software changes were made in the receiver which improved SAMSARS performance at each new phase. In the last sea trial phase, SAMSARS demonstrated a 100 percent error-free message reception for all conditions tested with an e.i.r.p. of less than 0.5 W. The worst conditions encountered were 2.5 m waves at 3 degree elevation angle. SAMSARS also operated in 4 m waves, but these occurred at a 9 degree elevation angle. Volume 1 describes the events leading to the SAMSARS conception, the formation of the CTP, and the SAMSARS performance during the CTP. The appendices of Volume 1 elaborate a variety of technical issues including a summary description of SAMSARS experimental EPIRB, system capacity computations, ocean wave-induced doppler effects and CTP Phase 3, 4, and 5 test results. Volume 2 of this report contains a description of SAMSARS hardware circuitry, software programs, and receiver/processor operating instructions. KW - Circuit diagrams KW - Distress signals KW - Epirbs KW - Evaluation KW - Global maritime distress and safety system KW - Samsars (Satellite-aided maritime search and rescue system) KW - Satellite communication KW - Search and rescue operations KW - Software KW - Spread spectrum communications KW - Spread spectrum transmission KW - Transmission UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394335 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658519 AU - Breslin, J P AU - Kerwin, J E AU - Stevens Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PROPELLER-INDUCED HULL PRESSURES ARISING FROM INTERMITTENT BLADE CAVITATION LOADING AND THICKNESS PY - 1983/07 SP - Various p. AB - This document is a report of progress in theoretical and experimental research efforts at Stevens Institute of Technology (SIT), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Swedish Maritime Research Center, SSPA, in Goteborg, Sweden, that are directed to the prediction of vibratory pressures, forces and moments induced by intermittently cavitating propellers (ICP). The main purpose of this research was to provide theoretical predictions resulting from a coupling of a propeller-hull program (developed at Davidson Laboratory, SIT) with the output of the ICP program (evolved at MIT) and to compare these results with recent model hull pressure and cavity outline measurements made at SSPA. Tentative conclusions are drawn from this work, and suggestions are advanced for the direction of future efforts required to enhance the practical applicability of theory and experiment. KW - Cavitation (Mechanics) KW - Cavitation erosion KW - Cavities KW - Force KW - Forecasting KW - Hull propeller interaction KW - Hulls KW - Moments KW - Moments (Mechanics) KW - Pressure KW - Pressure distribution KW - Propeller induced vibration KW - Propellers KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400197 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660834 AU - Strumpf, A AU - Stevens Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - CALCULATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC SIDE FORCES AND YAW MOMENTS OF MERCHANT SHIPS PY - 1983/07 SP - 99 p. AB - Hydrodynamic side forces and yaw moment coefficients of merchant ships are computed using formulas developed for submersibles, but modified for free surface wall effects. The ship is represented as a combination of a body of revolution, a distribution of fixed and movable fin areas, and propellers. Thin regions of the ship hull are treated as fins, and the remainder is treated as a body of revolution. Propellers, rudders, and skegs are treated separately in conformance with actual ship geometry. The computed coefficients for the derivatives of force and moment with respect to sideslip velocity, yaw angular velocity, and rudder angle are compared with available captive model test data for various ship forms. Little or no modifications of the basic submerged body formulas are required to obtain good correlation with the test-based values of the first derivatives and three third derivatives. Simple modifications of the submerged body formulas are required to obtain good correlation with the test-based values of other third derivatives. These calculations improve capabilties in the prediction of hydrodynamics, dynamic stability, and maneuvering characteristics of surface ships. KW - Hydrodynamic forces KW - Hydrodynamic pressure KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Slender body theory KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404145 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660791 AU - Chang, P Y AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE PREDICTION OF MOTIONS AND STRUCTURAL DAMAGE OF TWO COLLIDING VESSELS PY - 1983/04 AB - This report, presented in three volumes, contains the methodology and associated computer programs for the prediction of damage to the striking and struck ships involved in a collision. The upper and lower bound principles of the collapse theorems are used to obtain approximate, but reliable, predictions of the penetration of the struck ship and the crushed length of the striking bow. The methodology can also be applied to the analysis of actual collisions from a detailed examination of actual collision damage. KW - Collision resistance KW - Forecasting KW - Formulas KW - Formulas (Mathematics) KW - Hull damage KW - Hulls KW - Impact loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/406509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656347 AU - Price, R A AU - Avondale Shipyards, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SEMI-AUTOMATIC PIPE HANDLING SYSTEM AND FABRICATION FACILITY, PHASE 2: IMPLEMENTATION PY - 1983/03 SP - 71 p. AB - A semi-automatic pipe handling and fabricating facility was installed at Avondale Shipyards , New Orleans, LA. The shop is designed to handle pipe sizes ranging from 1-1/2 inches through 24 inches, in a multiplicity of alloys. This report includes a functional description of the operation, a systems sketch of the pipe shop, and specifications and costs of major equipment. A study conducted by Avondale indicated that through automation, manhours could be reduced by 39.8% per piping system set for each ship. KW - Assemblies (Equipment) KW - Assembling KW - Automation KW - Avondale shipyards KW - Fabrication KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Piping systems KW - System descriptions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398390 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656092 AU - Porricelli, J D AU - Martinson, N R AU - E.C.O., Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - AUTOMATION AND CONTROL REQUIREMENTS FOR COAL-FIRED STEAM PROPULSION SYSTEMS PY - 1983/02 SP - 190 p. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the requirements for the automation and control of coal-fired marine steam propulsion systems at reduced manning levels, including periodically unattended machinery space operations. The report describes the various tasks that were carried out to develop these requirements, culminating in a functional analysis whose prime objectives were to identify the various systems parameters needed to judge most reliably the overall condition of the system, and to relate those parameters to automation and control requirements at three reduced manning levels. KW - Automation KW - Coal fired ships KW - Control KW - Engine room automation KW - Engine rooms KW - Requirements KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656076 AU - Lachowicz, Y V AU - LaFlesh, R C AU - Marion, J L AU - Combustion Engineering, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - ATOMIZATION AND COMBUSTION OF PETROLEUM COKE-OIL MIXTURES (PETCOM) FOR APPLICATION TO MARINE BOILERS PY - 1983/02 SP - Various p. AB - This investigation was comprised of two major tasks: cold flow atomization testing of petroleum coke-oil mixtures (PETCOM), and combustion testing of PETCOM, referred to as Task 1 and Task 2, respectively. During Task 1, three conventional marine fuel atomizers were evaluated for their effectiveness in atomizing PETCOM in a cold-flow atomization test facility. Based upon droplet size distribution and droplet ballistics information obtained in the facility, the atomizer with the best performance was chosen for the Task 2 combustion tests. Combustion testing assessed PETCOM firing performance over a range of operation (load, excess air, etc.) with a full scale marine burner, under conditions that simulated a typical marine boiler. The results of the PETCOM combustion tests are compared to those of Bunker "C" oil obtained under comparable operating conditions during the performance of a previous MARAD contract. KW - Atomizers KW - Boilers KW - Coal oil mixtures KW - Combustion KW - Crude oil KW - Slurries KW - Slurry KW - Sprayers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399911 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650853 AU - Mcilroy, W AU - Carpenter, G AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - TUG/SHIP CONTROL STRATEGIES PY - 1983/02 SP - 37 p. AB - This report presents the results of 5 studies performed using the optimal tug-ship control strategy program at CAORF. They concern the application of tugs following a complete failure of a ship's engine and rudder prior to a 45 degree turn in a channel. KW - Caorf KW - Control KW - Engine failure KW - Impaired maneuverability KW - Mechanical failure KW - Restricted waters KW - Steering failure KW - Tug ship interaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392200 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656080 AU - Storch, R L AU - Gribskov, J R AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Maritime Administration TI - ACCURACY CONTROL: A GUIDE TO ITS APPLICATION IN U.S. SHIPYARDS PY - 1983/02 SP - 165 p. AB - Research was carried out at the Tacoma (WA) Boatbuilding Company for the purpose of providing a basis for U.S. shipyards to initiate and operate accuracy control systems. This report presents a detailed study of accuracy control planning, execution and evaluation. The results shown are based on actual on-site planning, measuring, and analysis of the stern sections of hulls of the U.S. Navy T-AGOS vessels under construction at Tacoma Boatbuilding Company. This experience was used to present a more general picture of accuracy control applicable at any shipyard for any vessel construction project. Zone oriented design packages developed at Tacoma Boatbuilding Company provided the basis for the development of accuracy control plan sheets and check sheets, as well as for the establishment of vital points. KW - Productivity KW - Quality control KW - Shipbuilding KW - Zone outfitting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398283 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649821 AU - Multer, J AU - D'Amico, A AU - Williams, K AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - EFFICIENCY OF SIMULATION IN THE ACQUISITION OF SHIPHANDLING KNOWLEDGE AS A FUNCTION OF PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE PY - 1983/02 SP - 23 p. AB - This study was designed to facilitate the development of a simulator training program that would enable mariners to acquire shiphandling knowledge of the Port of Valdez, Alaska. The amount of training required as a function of the mariner's experience was investigated. The effects of familiarity with ship type, used in simulation, were investigated. Performance of four groups of masters, separated according to type of experience, was evaluated. Results indicated that performance improved significantly over time for all subjects. However, because groups with no actual Valdez experience failed to reach some asymptotic level of performance, it is suggested that performance feedback be utilized in simulator training to ensure its effectiveness. KW - Experienced personnel KW - Ship simulator training KW - Shiphandling training KW - Shipmasters KW - Training effectiveness KW - Valdez (Alaska) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650830 AU - Aranow, P I AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANEUVERING RESPONSE PY - 1983/02 SP - 147 p. AB - This experiment was established to examine differences in ship handling performance of pilots transiting a narrow waterway on ships that exhibit distinctly different inherent maneuvering characteristics. The experiment was conducted using 16 experienced pilots on four ships--all 80,000 DWT tankers. The statistical analyses showed that with practically every ship performance measure that was employed, a significant ship-difference was found; with the most unstable vessel showing poorer performance and the stable vessel indicating better results. Three distinct areas of the test scenario were found to cause major difficulties, namely, when turn effects and wind current sets were additive. It was determined that the pilots were aware of the differences in transit performance difficulty. KW - Caorf KW - Maneuvering KW - Performance KW - Restricted waters KW - Ship characteristics KW - Ship pilots KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392185 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00661514 AU - Slocum, S AU - Troesch, A AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - American Bureau of Shipping AU - Maritime Administration AU - Department of Transportation TI - NON-LINEAR SHIP SPRINGING EXPERIMENTS PY - 1983/02 SP - 236 p. AB - An experimental study was carried out to investigate the main hull girder vibrations of Great Lakes bulk carriers. Based on the study's model tests and the related analytical work, it was found that ship springing is made up of a linear and a nonlinear component. It was also determined that the source of excitation reflected a nonlinear response resulting from the combination of two wave trains of varying frequencies. Large resonance responses were recorded when the sum of the two interacting frequencies matched the natural frequency of the hull. As a result of the study, several determinations were made with respect to: 1) dependence of nonlinear excitation on ship speed and wave aspects and (2) quadratic nature of nonlinear effects. The practical value of the study lies in the confirmation of the structural safety of "thousand-footer" Great Lakes vessels, where the resultant nonlinear excitations are proven to be negligible. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Great Lakes KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Nonlinearity KW - Springing KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404369 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650829 AU - Mcilroy, W AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - TUG USAGE WITH IMPAIRED MANEUVERABILITY PY - 1983/02 SP - 225 p. AB - The investigations described in this report represent a second in a series of investigations planned at CAORF to study the effectiveness of tugs in restricted waterways and the variability in pilot operating procedures. The present study aimed at realistic failure conditions on a rudder failure (amidships), or no failure at all could occur at any of the four locations prior to the turn, or four locations in the turn. In addition, the failure could be followed by a recovery in a realistic time period, or no recovery at all. Twelve subjects took part in the experiment; six had tugs available and six had no tugs. They performed a total of 12 runs apiece, and experienced engine and rudder failures with and without recovery and at various locations in an order consistent with the statistical experiment design. The data from the experiment were examined qualitatively and selected performance measures were subjected to statistical analyses. KW - Caorf KW - Engine failure KW - Impaired maneuverability KW - Mechanical failure KW - Performance KW - Restricted waters KW - Ship pilots KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Steering failure KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392184 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00411093 AU - HENDRICKSON, B H AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME SUBSIDIES PY - 1983/02 SP - 169 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Finance KW - Shipping KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/226119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650386 AU - National Research Council, Marine Board AU - Maritime Administration AU - National Academy Press TI - SHIP OPERATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: A PROGRAM FOR INDUSTRY PY - 1983 SP - 72 p. AB - At the request of the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD), the Committee on Requirements for a Ship Operation Research Program of the Marine Board reviewed the status of, and options for, the future of ship operation research and development in the United States. Of particular concern to the agency in the review were the considerations, guidelines, and models it might use in restructuring this program. In these reviews, the committee focused on mechanisms for initiating, funding, managing, and evaluating R&D programs; communicating results; and, effecting government and industry collaboration. KW - Government/industry relations KW - Maritime research KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Recommendations KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654376 AU - Voelker, R P AU - Geisel, F A AU - Strayer, L W AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SUMMER MULTI-YEAR ICE PROPERTIES IN THE BEAUFORT SEA (OCTOBER 1982) PY - 1982/12/06 SP - 122 p. AB - Environmental data were collected in the Beaufort Sea during October 1982 to determine multiyear ice floe properties. Data sets include profiles of multiyear floes and pressure ridges, as well as salinity-temperature profiles from ice cores. During this data collection period, meteorological conditions and ice drifts were also recorded. Concurrent with the environmental data collection effort, ice loads on an instrumented bow panel of USCG POLAR SEA were measured. KW - Arctic Regions KW - Beaufort Sea KW - Ice KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice floes KW - Ice loads KW - Ice properties KW - Ice reporting KW - Icebreakers KW - Loads KW - Physical properties KW - Polar sea (Vessel) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650854 AU - Mcilroy, W AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - TUG USAGE FOR CONTROL AND DECELERATION IN RESTRICTED WATERWAYS PY - 1982/12 SP - 233 p. AB - The investigation described in this report forms the first part of a series of experiments planned at the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) to investigate the effectiveness of tugs in restricted waterways and the variability in pilot operating procedures. The present experiment involved comparisons between harbor pilots and docking masters, ship size (80,000 DWT and 250,000 DWT tankers), tug number, tug power, and tug availability. A simple harbor scenario involving straight legs (3/4 nm in length and 800 feet wide) and a widened 45 degree turn was used. The water/depth ratio was 1:15. The ships experienced a northwesterly wind fluctuating around 30 knots and a flood current of 1 knot in the channel direction. During the experiment each pilot performed three successive runs on his ship, followed by a final run that involved a complete engine and rudder failure just at the entrance to the turn. The data from the experiment were then examined qualitatively and selected performance measures were subjected to statistical analyses. On this basis, observations and conclusions were made relating to the comparisons indicated previously. KW - Caorf KW - Channel navigation KW - Maneuverability KW - Performance KW - Restricted waters KW - Ship pilots KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392201 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649818 AU - Gynther, J W AU - Hammell, T J AU - Grasso, J A AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration AU - United States Coast Guard TI - SIMULATORS FOR MARINER TRAINING AND LICENSING: FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS AND TRAINING PROGRAM GUIDELINES FOR A MARITIME CADET SIMULATOR PY - 1982/12 SP - 94 p. AB - This report contains a functional specification for a ship's bridge/shiphandling simulator to be used in the training of maritime academy cadets in selected watchstanding skills. Also contained is cost information regarding the acquisition and operation of such a simulator. Training program guidelines are provided to assist the maritime academies in the implementation of a ship's bridge/shiphandling simulator within the existing academy curriculum. KW - Instructional design KW - Personnel certification KW - Recommendations KW - Ship simulator training KW - Shiphandling training KW - Specifications KW - Students KW - Training effectiveness KW - Watchkeeping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648374 AU - Okayama, Y AU - Chirillo, L D AU - IHI International, Tokyo AU - Chirillo (L.D.) Associates AU - Maritime Administration AU - Todd Pacific Shipyards Corporation AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - PRODUCT WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE PY - 1982/12 SP - 89 p. AB - The Product Work Breakdown Structure (PWBS) described herein is based upon that used by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI) of Japan. It has been developed and refined during the construction of over 2,000 ships in the last two decades. Thus, PWBS is not just based on theory. It has been repeatedly proven in shipyards in Asia, Europe and South America and since the original publication of this book in November 1980, in the United States. PWBS employs the logic of Group Technology (GT) which is a method for applying mass production techniques to a variety of products in widely varying quantities. As applied to ship construction, PWBS classifies components to be purchased, parts to be fabricated and planned subassemblies in order to achieve coordinated work flows. In shipbuilding, as in other industries, GT has yielded substantial benefits even when resources remained essentially unchanged. PWBS features unprecedented integration of hull construction, outfitting and painting. Further, it features cost centers which exactly match a zone-oriented organization. The few revisions made in this issue emphasize the interdependency of a product work breakdown, statistical control of accuracy for productivity purposes and line heating. The revisions also include the substitution of pertinent photographs which depict the successful application of a product work breakdown in Avondale Shipyards, Inc. KW - Group technology KW - Hull construction KW - Hulls KW - Mass production KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Product work breakdown structure KW - Production KW - Shipbuilding KW - Zone logic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387567 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649779 AU - Gynter, J W AU - Hammell, T J AU - Grasso, J A AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration AU - United States Coast Guard TI - SIMULATORS FOR MARINER TRAINING AND LICENSING: GUIDELINES FOR DECK OFFICER TRAINING SYSTEMS PY - 1982/12 SP - 65 p. AB - This report addresses the proper use of the shiphandling/ship bridge simulator in effectively conducting simulator training for senior commercial ship deck officers. Information regarding the three major elements of the training system--the simulator design, the training program structure, and the instructor qualifications--is compiled into a set of guidelines. These guidelines provide the potential user of simulator-based training at the senior mariner level with the information regarding considerations to be made during development and use of an appropriate simulator-based training system. Specifically, the purpose of this report is to establish criteria to guide U.S. Coast Guard personnel in the approval or disapproval of simulator training courses for partial credit toward licenses or license endorsements. A secondary objective is to assist ship operations personnel, as prospective customers, in the evaluation of simulator training courses for their personnel. KW - Criteria KW - Deck officers KW - Instructional design KW - Instructors KW - Personnel certification KW - Personnel qualifications KW - Recommendations KW - Ship simulator training KW - Shiphandling training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388256 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650938 AU - Taylor, H F AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration AU - Sonat Marine, Inc. TI - TUGBOAT DECK OFFICER TRAINING RESEARCH PROGRAM PY - 1982/12 SP - Various p. AB - This report contains detailed information on the background, methodology and results of the training research accomplished during the past 18 months involving mate trainees, tug masters and simulated tug and barge models at CAORF. KW - Caorf KW - Deck officers KW - Selection and appointment KW - Ship simulator training KW - Simulation KW - Towing devices KW - Training KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Tugboats KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650102 AU - Voelker, R P AU - Geisel, F A AU - Wohl, G M AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ARCTIC DEPLOYMENT OF USCGC POLAR STAR--WINTER 1982, VOLUME 2: ENVIRONMENTAL DATA PY - 1982/11/04 SP - 415 p. AB - Environmental and ship performance data were collected in the Bering and Chukchi Seas while aboard USCGC POLAR STAR in April and May 1982. This was the fourth phase of a multi-year program to make an operational assessment on the feasibility of a year-round transportation system, including offshore structures, serving Alaska. This is the second volume of a six volume set and reports the measured and observed ice conditions encountered during operations in the Bering and Chukchi Seas. KW - Arctic waters KW - Bering Sea KW - Chukchi sea KW - Cutters (Vessels) KW - Environment KW - Environmental conditions KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice navigation KW - Icebreakers KW - Performance KW - Polar star (Vessel) KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388480 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650105 AU - Geisel, F A AU - Voelker, R P AU - Dane, K E AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ARCTIC DEPLOYMENT OF USCGC POLAR STAR--WINTER 1982, VOLUME 5: INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE DOCUMENTATION PY - 1982/11/03 SP - 39 p. AB - During the 1982 test program, instrumentation installed aboard POLAR STAR was used to measure and record propulsion parameters, ship speed, and ship motions. The instrumentation system consisted of 21 transducers, signal conditioning equipment, a Hewlett-Packard 9845T digital data acquisition system, an analog magnetic tape recorder, an oscillograph recorder, and a complete video recording system. Eleven different computer programs were developed to provide real- time data acquisition and subsequent analysis of data. This report volume provides equipment descriptions and installation details for the entire system as well as documentaion of the computer programs. General program descriptions are contained in the text, but other volumes of this set of reports should be consulted for detailed descriptions of methods of analysis. Calibration procedures are described and the performance of the system during the tests is discussed. KW - Arctic waters KW - Bering Sea KW - Chukchi sea KW - Cutters (Vessels) KW - Data collection KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice navigation KW - Icebreakers KW - Instrumentation KW - Performance KW - Polar star (Vessel) KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388482 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650101 AU - Voelker, R P AU - Geisel, F A AU - Dane, K E AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ARCTIC DEPLOYMENT OF USCGC POLAR STAR--WINTER 1982, VOLUME 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1982/11/03 SP - 49 p. AB - Environmental and ship performance data were collected in the Bering and Chukchi Seas while aboard USCGC POLAR STAR in April and May 1982. This was the fourth phase of a multi-year program to make an operational assessment on the feasibility of a year-round transportation system, including offshore structures, serving Alaska. This is the first volume of a six volume set and summarizes the other report volumes. KW - Arctic waters KW - Bering Sea KW - Chukchi sea KW - Cutters (Vessels) KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice navigation KW - Icebreakers KW - Polar star (Vessel) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388479 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650103 AU - Geisel, F A AU - Voelker, R P AU - Dane, D E AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ARCTIC DEPLOYMENT OF USCGC POLAR STAR--WINTER 1982, VOLUME 3: POLAR CLASS PERFORMANCE: TRAFFICABILITY, LEVEL ICE, AND PRESSURE RIDGES PY - 1982/11/03 SP - 179 p. AB - Environmental and ship performance data were collected in the Bering and Chukchi Seas while aboard USCGC POLAR STAR in April and May 1982. This was the fourth phase of a multi-year program to make an operational assessment on the feasibility of a year-round transportation system, including offshore structures, serving Alaska. This is the third volume of a six volume set and reports on the performance of POLAR STAR in the North Bering and South Chukchi Seas. Included in the report are four sections related to ship performance: Trafficability Tests, Level Ice Resistance, Pressure Ridge Resistance, and Operational Considerations. KW - Arctic waters KW - Bering Sea KW - Chukchi sea KW - Cutters (Vessels) KW - Ice KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice navigation KW - Ice resistance KW - Icebreakers KW - Performance KW - Polar star (Vessel) KW - Pressure ridges KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Trafficability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651074 AU - Chirillo, L D AU - Maritime Administration AU - Todd Pacific Shipyards Corporation TI - LINE HEATING PY - 1982/11 SP - 86 p. AB - This work is intended for shipbuilding engineers/managers, particularly shop managers and their deputies, who need to acquire an understanding of all facets of a shipbuilding system. Descriptions of pertinent control experiments convey the basis for scientifically applied line heating. They also provide useful background for future developments. Practical information is included about approvals (line heating is permitted for all ABS- American Bureau of Shipping-grades of steel), lofting preparations, tolerances and methods. The pictorial summary should convey to anyone concerned with improving productivity, the crucial role of line heating both for shaping parts and for removing distortion from subassemblies immediately after their manufacture. KW - Bending KW - Curved shapes KW - Frames KW - Heat treatment KW - Layout KW - Lofting KW - Metal heating KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Shipbuilding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648557 AU - TAYLOR, H F AU - Hargis, S C AU - Gozzo, J S AU - Mara-Time Marine Services Corp. AU - Maritime Administration TI - MACHINERY CONDITION MONITORING, PHASE 3 PY - 1982/11 AB - Ferrographic Oil Analysis, used in condition monitoring of medium speed marine diesel engines, is described and evaluated. Ferrography was used to alert engineering personnel to impending failures, suboptimal machinery operation and general wear conditions within the engine. Discriminant analysis emerged as being able to best correlate engine parameters with Ferrographic Oil Analysis data, resulting in the development of a new wear trending procedure for the EMD 645-series engine. Based on Phase 3 work and on personal interaction with the small vessel sector of the U.S. marine industry, an on board maintenance management system consisting of a DR Ferrograph, water test kit and viscosity test kit is recommended. KW - Condition monitoring KW - Ferrography KW - Machinery KW - Monitoring KW - Statistical analysis KW - Used engine oil UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660787 AU - Ostapenko, A AU - Chen, Yao AU - Vaucher, A AU - Lehigh University AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ULTIMATE STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF SHIP HULLS SUBJECTED TO MOMENT, TORQUE AND SHEAR PY - 1982/11 SP - 40 p. AB - This report describes a computer program for the determination of the behavior and ultimate strength of longitudinally stiffened ship hull girders of single-cell cross section subjected to moment, shear and torque. The logic of the program and of its subroutines is presented. The input for the program consists of the geometrical and material properties of the girder segment, and of the relative values of the forces applied to the cross section: moment, shear and torque. The output gives the curvature of the girder segment and the corresponding load parameter that is related to the bending moment, shear and torque acting on the cross section. All the principal variables and the formats of the input and output are defined. KW - Computer programs KW - Hulls KW - Moments KW - Moments (Mechanics) KW - Shear stress KW - Torque KW - Ultimate strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404113 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660788 AU - Ostapenko, A AU - Chen, Yao AU - Lehigh University AU - Maritime Administration TI - EFFECT OF TORSION ON STRENGTH OF SHIP HULL GIRDERS PY - 1982/11 SP - 74 p. AB - A method is described for the determination of the behavior and maximum strength of longitudinally stiffened single-cell ship hull girders under the combined loading of moment, shear and torque. The main features are: (1) individual components are analyzed under a requirement of deformational compatibility among them; (2) the compression flange is assumed to be made up of parallel beam- columns; (3) a multiple tension-field action is considred for the webs in the postbuckling stage; and (4) warping of the cross section is incorporated by assuming linear variation of the average axial deformations across the width of each component. A previously developed computer program was modified to carry out the analysis. Related topics are recommended for future investigation. KW - Girders KW - Hull girders KW - Hulls KW - Moments KW - Moments (Mechanics) KW - Shear stress KW - Structural strength KW - Torque KW - Torsion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404114 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651002 AU - Robinson, J AU - David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - HYDRODYNAMIC ASPECTS OF ENERGY CONSERVATION IN COMMERCIAL SHIP DESIGN PY - 1982/11 SP - 95 p. AB - With an ultimate objective of fostering more efficient use of energy in future U.S. flag merchant ships, pertinent data on novel stern shapes, appendages, and propulsors were analyzed to determine possible degree of improvement, extent of applicability, and needed development relative to improving the speed/power performance of commercial ships. Additionally, low block coefficient hull form design state-of-the-art was reviewed to determine adequacy of existing guidance. Concurrently, an experimental evaluation of the propulsive effectiveness of a tandem propeller on a high powered containership model was made with promising results. KW - Block coefficients KW - Fuel conservation KW - Hull form KW - Hulls KW - Propellers KW - Rudders KW - State of the art KW - Tandem propellers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392260 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650832 AU - Williams, K AU - Goldberg, J AU - Gilder, M AU - National Maritime Research Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - VALIDATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SIMULATOR EXPERIENCE VS REAL- WORLD OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE PORT OF VALDEZ PY - 1982/11 SP - 42 p. AB - This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of simulator exposure and real-world observational experience in the Port of Valdez, Alaska in the learning of ship handling skills. Masters were tested on a simulated pilotage through the Valdez Narrows at the Maritime Administration's Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) at Kings Point, New York. Performance data, measured as track deviation and percentage of time out of a prescribed tolerance band indicated equivalent performance for those masters with simulator experience or real-world observational exposure and significantly poorer performance for those masters with neither simulator nor real-world Valdez experience. KW - Caorf KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Shiphandler performance KW - Valdez (Alaska) KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650798 AU - Aranow, P AU - Wald, E AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPARISON OF THE IMPACT ON PILOTING PERFORMANCES OF EXTREME WIND FORCES UNDER VARIABLE CONDITIONS OF SHIP CLASS AND STABILITY, CHANNEL WIDTH AND CHANNEL BANK FORCES PY - 1982/11 SP - 215 p. AB - The experiment examined the ship handling performance of pilots transiting a narrow waterway under severe wind conditions and attempted to discern the variability in performance that could be attributed to wind level and direction, ship class and stability, channel width, channel banks, as well as pilot background. Three classes of vessels were used (two tankers and an LNG) and three levels of wind were employed, including conditions between 40 and 65 knots. KW - Caorf KW - Channel navigation KW - Course keeping KW - Maneuverability KW - Narrow channels KW - Performance KW - Restricted waters KW - Ship pilots KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Wind loads on ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392173 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00416935 AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. IMPORTS VIA MINIBRIDGE PY - 1982/10 SP - 31 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Containerization KW - Freight transportation KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/232793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650941 AU - Miller, W C AU - D'Amico, A D AU - Schryver, J C AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - PERTAMINA AU - Maritime Administration TI - SIMULATION EVALUATION OF PROPOSED PORT ARUN LNG TERMINAL EXPANSION PY - 1982/09/27 SP - 156 p. AB - This document reports the results of research conducted at the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) simulation during the summer of 1982 for Perusahaan Pertanbangan Minyak Dan Gas Bumi Negara (PERTAMINA). The primary purpose of this research was to evaluate whether a proposed second LNG vessel berth at Port Arun could be located 540 meters across from an already existing berth without presenting undue risks during docking and undocking operations. Three secondary purposes of the research were: to determine the maximum wind velocities under which undocking could safely occur from either berth; to determine the feasibility of nighttime operations; and to determine the amount of time required to evacuate both berths under an emergency situation. Results indicate that the proposed 540 meter distance between berths appears adequate for docking and undocking under winds of 20 knots or less. Additional data show that undocking under 30 knot wind conditions is also feasible. KW - Berthing facilities KW - Caorf KW - Carriers KW - Docking KW - Indonesia KW - Liquefied gases KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Maneuvering KW - Port Arun (Indonesia) KW - Ship pilotage KW - Shiphandling KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392228 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656957 AU - American Steamship Company AU - Gard, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPUTER BASED MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, FINAL REPORT PY - 1982/09 AB - This report represents the culmination of a 23-month project during the course of which a computerized maintenance and operations management system was designed, developed and implemented aboard a 1,000 foot self-unloading bulk commodity vessel. Maintenance management functions performed by the computer include preventive maintenance scheduling, equipment history, and spare parts inventory control. Operations management tasks addressed include crew payroll, personnel record keeping, and load monitoring. According to the authors, an appraisal at the end of a six month operational period indicated that the system proved itself to be successful and well- liked by the crew. KW - Automatic vessel control KW - Inventory control KW - Maintenance management KW - Management information systems KW - Operations KW - Shipboard computers KW - Spare parts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660171 AU - Cushing (C.R.) and Co., Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - A GUIDE FOR THE SELECTION OF SHIPBOARD CARGO HANDLING SYSTEMS FOR U.S. FLAG DRY BULK CARRIERS PY - 1982/09 SP - 187 p. AB - During the initial stages of bulk ship design, the selection of a materials handling system to load and discharge bulk cargo can be a major task should such capabilities be required. This report is a concise reference describing most types of currently available shipboard-installed cargo handling systems. Data sheets using a common format describe each system or component. By knowing only preliminary information, such as the cargo to be handled, the applicable systems available can be identified. The report's standardized format allows direct comparison between the systems in terms of cargo handling rates, cargo types, cost, maintenance, installation, personnel requirements and physical characteristics. Preliminary choices can be made knowing that a cross-section of currently available bulk handling systems has been examined. To allow the user to obtain more technical information for either comparison or design purposes, all known manufacturers of the types of equipment presented are listed in coded format on each data sheet. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Cargo handling KW - Dry bulk cargo KW - Loading and unloading KW - Loading systems KW - Materials management KW - Unloading systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399642 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656081 AU - Roseman, D P AU - Horwitz, D F AU - Poquette, G M AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY U.S. FLAG BULK CARRIERS PY - 1982/08 SP - 84 p. AB - In an attempt to find ways of overcoming the cost handicap of U.S. flag dry bulk shipping, near and long term technology concepts that could be incorporated into a bulk carrier design were identified and analyzed. These concepts involved basic ship geometry, resistance and propulsion, propulsion machinery and cargo handling. Each of the areas of potential improvement was considered parametrically for a range of design conditions and was evaluated with respect to productivity and costs. The most promising alternatives were combined into a composite series of parametric designs. The recommended design configurations and alternatives were applied to the concept design of a bulk carrier for a specific export opportunity, the transport of coal from Seward, Alaska to the Pacific Rim countries. KW - Coal KW - Coal industry KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Technological innovations KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656085 AU - Kaldjian, M J AU - Woodward, J B AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - Maritime Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF PROPULSION TRANSMISSION COMPONENTS FOR GREAT LAKES ORE CARRIERS PY - 1982/08 SP - 26 p. AB - Great Lakes bulk carriers built since 1970 are propelled by geared diesel machinery. Although this machinery is similar to propulsion systems that have been used successfully in numerous other vessel types, it has experienced enough failures to suggest that the Great Lakes ships present unique service features. An earlier report explored the hypothesis that a significant feature is the interaction between the hull and the machinery spaces, with consequent upsetting of the transmission equipment alignment. This report extends the earlier analysis to deflections of individual components, deflections either imposed by hull deflections, or by loads that may not have been analyzed adequately in traditional design processes. In particular, analysis here is applied to the shafting, reduction gear pinions, clutch drums and spacers, and reduction gear casing structure. KW - Clutches KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel propulsion KW - Gears KW - Great Lakes KW - Ore carriers KW - Propeller shafts KW - Propulsion KW - Transmissions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398286 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649590 AU - Clarke, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - A STUDY TO ANALYZE THE DATA BASE OF VESSEL COLLISIONS ON THE GREAT LAKES PY - 1982/07/30 SP - Various p. AB - An analysis was made of the Coast Guard's automated accident database. Since it is assumed that a large percentage of all accidents are reported to the Coast Guard, and that this database reflects a large proportion of the Coast Guard database for the period under study, the stability of this database should be reflective of the actual accident trends. This stability makes possible a detailed analysis of the accident damage information. KW - Databases KW - Great Lakes KW - Loss and damage KW - Marine safety KW - Numerical analysis KW - United States Coast Guard KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388865 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657890 AU - Kindya, W G AU - Bailey, W A AU - Department of Agriculture AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPROVING THE AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN VAN CONTAINERS USED FOR TRANSPORTING PERISHABLES AND DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN CRITERIA FOR LIVESTOCK VAN CONTAINERS PY - 1982/07 SP - Various p. AB - Most conventional refrigerated trailers and van containers for the transport of perishables introduce refrigerated air into the cargo compartment from above the load and distribute it through canvas ceiling ducts. Such top-to-bottom air delivery systems were designed to provide periphery air circulation for frozen loads to remove heat generated from sources other than the product itself. Some conventional systems, however, do not provide sufficient air pressure to evenly distribute cold air and to adequately remove the heat of respiration adequately from fresh fruit and vegetables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of under- the-floor type air distribution systems. In addition, design modifications of van container gates for more efficient loading, watering, and bedding livestock in transit are presented. KW - Air KW - Air flow KW - Containers KW - Flow KW - Live animal transport KW - Refrigerated cargo KW - Trailers KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658553 AU - COR Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE USE OF SELF-UNLOADERS IN U.S. DRY BULK COMMERCE PY - 1982/07 SP - Various p. AB - The objective of this study was to determine and measure the factors that contribute to the success of self-unloaders. The report examines economic and operational factors for all major dry bulk trades in both the Great Lakes and U.S. foreign commerce that are susceptible to handling with self-unloading gear. It is concluded that the use of oceangoing self-unloaders is economically feasible under certain conditions and sets of operational factors. These include the length of voyage, ship size, terminal dimensions, and loading and discharging rates, as well as cargo availability. KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Dry bulk cargo KW - Dry bulk trade KW - Economic factors KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - International trade KW - Self unloaders KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400202 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650833 AU - Williams, K E AU - Nieri, D S AU - Schryver, J C AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration AU - Army Corps of Engineers, Norfolk District TI - THE APPLICATION OF CAORF SIMULATION AS A NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF DREDGING REQUIREMENTS PY - 1982/06 SP - 78 p. AB - This report describes the methodology and results of a study performed for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Norfolk District, that utilized the resources of the Maritime Administration's Computer Aided Research Facility (CAORF). The Norfolk District COE is embarking on a long term harbor improvement project for the Port of Hampton Roads, Virginia, that includes deepening ship channels to a depth of 55 feet. This CAORF program collected data under simulated ship operations in Norfolk Harbor, that included large collier shiphandling in a narrow outbound lane and maneuvering off of two coal piers. Twelve Virginia pilots handled deep-draft collier models of two sizes under realistic environmental conditions to perform the docking and outboard harbor transits. Statistical analyses were performed on a broad spectrum of performance measures. The results of the data analysis identify predictive envelopes of operation for the large vessels in the Norfolk waterways which can assist the COE in finalizing their channel design plans for the initial phase of the waterway improvement project. KW - Caorf KW - Channel deepening KW - Dredging KW - Hampton Roads (Virginia) KW - Norfolk (Virginia) KW - Port operations KW - Ship simulator experiments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392188 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654449 AU - CROOK, B AU - David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF WAKE SURVEY DATA FOR A MARAD CONTAINER SHIP DESIGN WITH A TUNNEL STERN REPRESENTED BY MODEL 5209-1 PY - 1982/05 SP - 45 p. AB - A wake survey was conducted using a model to represent containership design with a tunnel stern for a large diameter propeller. Measurements were made with a rake of 5-hole spherical pitot tubes. The measurements involved the three velocity components that contribute to the nominal wake in the propeller plane. The model's nominal wake showed considerable change in shape from a parent model. Harmonic analyses of the circumferential distribution of the velocity component ratios were performed on the model experimental data, and the results are reported here. KW - Concrete forms KW - Containerships KW - Model tests KW - Propellers KW - Stern form KW - Sterns KW - Wakes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393771 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649941 AU - Kayten, P J AU - King, T A AU - Korosh, W M AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF SIMULATOR-BASED TRAINING FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF CADET WATCH OFFICER PERFORMANCE PY - 1982/04 SP - 76 p. AB - The objective of the research described was to assess the equivalence of varied amounts of simulator experience to simulator- applicable skills assumedly acquired during the nominal one year sea-time experience required of maritime academy graduates. This research represented a preliminary attempt to discover what types of watchstanding skills might be trained on a simulator and how much simulator training would be necessary to promote the acquisition of these skills such that performance by simulator-trained cadets might equal that of cadets trained at sea. The specific watchstanding tasks chosen were arrived at by referring to the tasks required of cadets in their one year of sea duty and logged in their academic files at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point, New York. KW - Ship simulator training KW - Students KW - Watchkeeping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388366 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660467 AU - Hadler, J B AU - Neilson, R AU - Rowen, A AU - Webb Institute of Naval Architecture AU - Maritime Administration TI - LARGE DIAMETER PROPELLERS OF REDUCED WEIGHT PY - 1982/04 SP - Various p. AB - This is a study of the design and economic analysis of large diameter, slow-turning marine propellers to improve the fuel economy of merchant ships. Detailed designs of several lightweight propellers were made. It was determined that the best combination for weight reduction is a cast hollow blade with 1-1/4 inch wall thickness and a hollow hub. Other investigations made were: fabrication techniques, resonant frequency effects, hydrodynamic characteristics, cascading effects and tip emersion effects. Costs and benefits as applied to a 120,000 dwt tanker are discussed allowing for both strict adherence to IMCO Rules of tip submersion and with a relaxing of IMCO Rules. Strict adherence shows a maximum propeller diameter of about 30.2-feet with a resulting annual fuel savings of 1/4 million dollars over the 27.5'-foot propeller. Relaxing these rules allows for a 42.5'-foot diameter propeller turning at 30.8 rpm, which would result in an annual fuel savings of one million dollars per year over the 27.5'-foot propeller. KW - Fuel conservation KW - Large slow propellers KW - Weight KW - Weight reduction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400334 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656095 AU - Wagoner, C L AU - Eckhart, C F AU - Clark, G A AU - Babcock and Wilcox Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - AT-SEA TEST AND DEMONSTRATION OF COAL-OIL MIXTURE AS A MARINE BOILER FUEL, PART 1: SHORESIDE TESTING PY - 1982/04 SP - 208 p. AB - This investigation is part of a project whose overall goal was to demonstrate the potential of a coal/oil mixture (COM) for use in marine boilers on Great Lakes vessels. The report presents the results of laboratory tests that were carried out to select a specific fuel acceptable for use in shipboard demonstrations from among six candidate COMs, and discusses the findings of a subsequent combustion evaluation test of the selected COM in a shore-based marine boiler. It was concluded that an at-sea demonstration of the COM should be pursued. KW - Boilers KW - Coal oil mixtures KW - Combustion KW - Combustion products KW - Evaluation KW - Slurries KW - Slurry UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398291 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650800 AU - Wald, E D AU - Mcilroy, W AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - PILOT PERFORMANCE, PHASE 2: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF SHALLOW WATER MANEUVERING INFORMATION IN HARBOR TRANSITS PY - 1982/03 SP - 94 p. AB - This report describes an experiment, conducted at CAORF, to determine if a conning officer's handling of a vessel is more efficient or effective when he is provided with both shallow and deep water ship maneuvering characteristics than when receiving deep water information alone. Test subjects conned three ships, a 30,000 DWT tanker, an 80,000 DWT tanker, and a 125,000 m3 LNG tanker, through shallow water, a restricted area of the fictitious ABC Harbor channel. They familiarized themselves with the harbor channel by making three successive transits on one of the three ships. They then made one transit on each of the two remaining ships, with shallow water maneuvering information provided on only one of these two ships. Deep water maneuvering information was provided on all transits. The results indicated that pilots and deep water masters relied almost exclusively on hands-on experience with the ships. The second interesting result was that although hands-on experience with each of the ships did result in improvement in performance across repetitive transits, the improvement did not transfer to the LNG carrier when a single transit on this ship was preceded by familiarization on either of the tankers. KW - Caorf KW - Channel navigation KW - Harbor navigation KW - Harbors KW - Maneuvering KW - Performance KW - Shallow water KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship pilots KW - Ship simulator experiments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392175 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658556 AU - Information Spectrum, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - UTILIZATION OF CIVILIAN MANNED CONTAINERSHIPS TO MEET FLEET REQUIREMENTS FOR AUXILIARY CRANE SHIPS AND MOBILE LOGISTIC SUPPORT FORCE PY - 1982/03 SP - Various p. AB - The development of the Sea Shed, a 40'x25'x12.5' container for use in standard containerships, offers potential not only for the movement of large military vehicles and outsize breakbulk cargo but, in conjunction with habitation modules and cranes or modular elevators, the possibility of enhancing wartime sealift capability. This report discusses the use of containerships in three military applications: (1) point-to-point movement of cargo, utilizing conventional containers and sea sheds; (2) the addition of heavy lift crane modifications to the sea shed-equipped containership to make it capable of discharging both itself and a civilian-manned auxiliary crane ship alongside; and (3) the use of containerships to carry palletized cargo in sea sheds and flatrack containers, and to transfer the pallets at sea to station ships. The supernumeraries carried on board the containerships for cargo discharge functions would be maritime civilian labor whenever possible. KW - Cargo handling KW - Containerships KW - Defense preparedness KW - Defense shipping KW - Floating cranes KW - Manpower availability KW - Military shipments KW - Palletized cargo KW - Pallets KW - Sea shed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400204 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650846 AU - Mcilroy, W AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - BACKGROUND AND REVIEW OF SHIP MANEUVERING RESPONSE EXPERIMENTS PY - 1982/03 SP - 22 p. AB - This report discusses the background of a number of research projects in the area of pilot controllability and ship maneuvering response performed at CAORF, and reviews some of the important conclusions. These experiments evaluated the human/ship performance in relation to available navaids, on board electronic aids, provision for wheelhouse information, ship characteristics, availability of tug assistance and environmental factors. Some observations are made on the occurrence of groundings and their relationship to ship characteristics and human capabilities. KW - Caorf KW - Experiments KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Restricted waters KW - Reviews UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392196 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00416931 AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. EXPORTS & IMPORTS TRANSSHIPPED VIA CANADIAN PORTS PY - 1982/03 SP - 107 PP IN AB - GIVES VALUE AND ESTIMATED TONNAGE FOR U.S. EXPORTS AND IMPORTS TRANSHIPPED THROUGH CANADA IN 1980 KW - Canada KW - Shipping KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/235364 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656078 AU - Rogers, A C AU - Johnson, J E AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF SHIPBOARD SENSORS AND INSTRUMENTATION PY - 1982/02 SP - Various p. AB - Shipboard sensors and associated signal conditioning instrumentation used for the measurement and control of pressure, vacuum, temperature, flow, and level limit are generically classified, and representative instruments of these classes are assessed through laboratory and design review evaluations. Domestic and foreign owners/operators, shipbuilders, classification societies, regulatory agencies, and manufacturers were consulted throughout this study program and a compendium of their attitudes, opinions, experiences, and recommendations is presented. The report concludes with recommendations for the implementation and adoption of realistic marine standards for use in specifying sensors and related instrumentation. KW - Sensors KW - Shipboard instrumentation KW - Shipboard safety KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399913 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656065 AU - Ward, L W AU - Morales, P J AU - Palumbo, E AU - Webb Institute of Naval Architecture AU - Maritime Administration TI - APPLICATION OF AN EXPERIMENTAL METHOD TO OPTIMIZE THE WAVE POWER OF SHIPS PY - 1982/02 SP - 42 p. AB - The XY survey method for determining ship model wave resistance was applied to find the optimum bow bulb size and shape for a model in the towing tank at Webb Institute. It was found that the elliptical bulb, as designed, is close to the best size and shape for minimizing the bare hull wave resistance at a specified speed under a combination of ballast and full load. The authors recommend, however, that a more vertical distribution of the bulb area be tried in a future series. Wake tests were also run with and without the bulb, and no significant differences were noted. KW - Bows KW - Bulbous bows KW - Model tests KW - Optimization KW - Wave resistance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654434 AU - Goodman, T AU - Breslin, J P AU - Stevens Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INDUCTION GENERATED BY A PROPELLER IN AN AXIALLY SYMMETRIC SHEAR FLOW PY - 1982/02 SP - 24 p. AB - A wake adapted propeller was tested behind the wake for which it was designed, and also in uniform flow. Direct measurements of flow velocity near the propeller disc, as well as thrust and torque coefficients vs. advance coefficient were obtained. Comparisons were made of the flow velocity with a prediction based on a theory of a propeller in a shear flow. Comparisons were also made of the increase in velocity due to shear from the thrust coefficient vs. advance coefficient curves, based on thrust identity. KW - Axial flow KW - Flow KW - Propellers KW - Shear flow KW - Shear rate KW - Velocity KW - Velocity distribution KW - Wakes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393760 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00427579 AU - Roess, R P AU - Grealy, P J AU - Berkowitz, C AU - Maritime Administration TI - SOME CRITICAL ASPECTS OF FERRY PLANNING PY - 1982/02 SP - 156 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - California KW - Canada KW - Ferries KW - New York (New York) KW - Planning KW - San Francisco (California) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/240757 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468392 AU - Roess, R AU - Grealy, P AU - Berkowitz, C AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Maritime Administration TI - SOME CRITICAL ASPECTS OF FERRY PLANNING. FINAL REPORT--PHASE II PY - 1982/02 SP - v.p. AB - The focus of this research is to provide planners with the tools and information needed to rationally analyze the waterborne option as a viable urban transportation alternative. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Ferries KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281675 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00376638 AU - Arvidson, J M AU - Sparks, L L AU - Steketee, E AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Maritime Administration TI - MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE MORTAR AT LOW TEMPERATURES PY - 1982/02 SP - 10 p. AB - This report includes test results conducted at ambient (295 K), dry-ice and alcohol (195 K), liquid nitrogen (76 K), and liquid helium (4 K) temperatures. The compressive properties reported are Young's modulus, yield (at 0.2% offset) and maximum strengths, and elongation (elastic and plastic). Test specimens (5.1 cm diameter x 10.2 cm) were instrumented with a specially designed, diametrically opposed, cryogenic strain-gaged extensometer that minimizes possible errors due to specimen bending during the test. KW - Concrete KW - Concrete properties KW - Cryogenics KW - Low temperature KW - Mechanical properties KW - Modulus of elasticity KW - Mortar KW - Physical properties KW - Strength of materials KW - Yield UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190515 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365189 AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - FULL-SCALE TRIALS TO EXAMINE TUGBOAT PERFORMANCE DURING BERTHING OF TANKERS PY - 1982/01 SP - 283 p. AB - Full-scale trial to measure the bollard performance of a tugboat, the change in performance as the tug assists a tanker at low speed, and the response of the tanker to tug forces, were conducted in the Southern Chesapeake Bay. The tugboat EXXON GARDEN STATE, with twin Kort-nozzle propellers, two steering rudders, and four flanking rudders, and the T-5 tanker USNS AMERICAN EXPLORER, were used for these trials. This report describes the test program, vessels, and equipment and presents test results as a series of graphs and tables. Results include the definition of tugboat bollard performance as a function of propeller rpm and rudder angle, the description of changes to this performance as the tug operates to assist the tanker (both stationary and moving), and track and heading plots for the tanker while it is experiencing tug forces. In addition, the tanker maneuvering characteristics (without tug assistance) are defined through four standard maneuver tests. Finally, a number of the tugboat performance characteristics are presented in non-dimensional format. KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Kort nozzles KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177330 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657537 AU - Epoch Engineering, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - LINER VESSEL PORT TIME ANALYSIS PY - 1982/01 SP - Various p. AB - The Liner Vessel Port Time Analysis was conducted for the Maritime Administration, Office of Advanced Ship Operations. The purpose of the analysis was to provide a methodology that would enable American-flag steamship companies to identify near-term improvements that could lead to decreased port turnaround time and attendant cost savings. KW - Analysis KW - Optimization KW - Port operations KW - Port time KW - Service time KW - Shipowners and operators KW - Turnaround time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400074 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649936 AU - Williams, K E AU - Goldberg, J AU - Nieri, D S AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - PASSAGE PLANNING: AN OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF A BRIDGE MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE VERSUS INTEGRATED ELECTRONIC AIDS PY - 1982/01 SP - 48 p. AB - Recent implementation of bridge organization standards, procedures, and the onboard practice of passage planning, by several major merchant ship operators provided the impetus to initiate this program. The Bridge Team and Passage Planning Effectiveness Evaluation was performed onboard the real-time shiphandling simulator at the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF), Kings Point, N.Y. The experiment, using actively sailing masters and teams of qualified ship's officers, was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of these concepts in improving the navigational safety of ships at sea. Specifically, the investigation studied the performance among four groups of bridge watches addressing trained versus untrained (in the concepts), three-man bridge team versus two-man complement, and the impact of an Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA), as an information source, and to reduce team workload, versus conventional labor. Initial results showed no differences of statistical significance among any of the groups, in terms of improved safety. Indications, however, that significant effects may exist have led to a refining of performance measures, and a reanalysis of the collected data is presently being accomplished. KW - Bridge operation KW - Bridge teams KW - Bridges (Ships) KW - Navigational safety KW - Passage planning KW - Performance KW - Performance measurement KW - Radar displays KW - Radar plotting KW - Ship operations KW - Simulation KW - Team training KW - Watchkeeping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388361 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656521 AU - McCaul, J R AU - Phillips, S W AU - Eggington, W J AU - IMA Resources, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - A STUDY OF MULTIMODE EXPRESS SHIPPING PY - 1982/01 AB - The objective of this study was to identify potential commercial opportunities for multimode ships, i.e. vessels that operate in both high and low speed modes. Four investigations undertaken for this purpose are discussed: (1) a survey of high-speed ship classes, their comparative strengths and weaknesses in design and performance, and their appropriateness in multimode operations; (2) an in depth review of possible international and domestic freight or freight/passenger markets, with emphasis on express shipping in competition with conventional modes; (3) case studies providing an economic evaluation of high speed ships vis-a-vis competitive modes in specific applications; and (4) an evaluation of the attitudes of shippers utilizing ship, air, rail or truck transport for express and nonexpress needs. A series of appendices presents economic analyses of multimode-craft shipping for three international routes and five domestic routes. Data included in these analyses are cargo characteristics, competing carrier rates and service, and route alternatives. KW - Economic analysis KW - Exports KW - High speed vessels KW - Imports KW - Slow moving vehicles KW - Trade KW - Trade routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399951 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649682 AU - Williams, K AU - Goldberg, J AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - STANDARDS OF WATCH OFFICER PERFORMANCE: VALIDATION OF SITUATION DIFFICULTY MEASURE RE: COLLISION AVOIDANCE PROBLEM SOLVING PY - 1982/01 SP - 88 p. AB - This study investigated the manner in which the master of a ship reaches a decision concerning the course of action to be taken by the vessel under his command. Specifically, the present experiment attempted to verify results of an earlier study in which masters were presented with various static displays of navigational situations. This initial experiment showed that, in general, the longest response time and greatest situational uncertainty occurred when traffic was at 5 nm, traveling at a speed equal to Ownship, and on a collision course. In contrast, the present dynamic experiment was conducted on the simulated bridge of the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) at Kings Point, New York. Twenty-seven scenarios were designed to systematically vary the same four variables of range, speed, course, and number of ships. In comparing results of this dynamic presentation with the results of the previous static experiment, differences were found with regard to the effects of traffic ship speed, course, and range on response latencies, as well as uncertainty scores. The most reasonable explanation for differences appears to be that the subjects perceive and utilize data given in the static presentations differently than the same data given in the dynamic situation. KW - Caorf KW - Cognition KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Decision making KW - Human information processing KW - Reaction time KW - Ship simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388217 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00808747 AU - Maritime Administration TI - A SHIPPER'S GUIDE TO STOWAGE OF CARGO IN MARINE CONTAINERS PY - 1982 SP - 144 p. AB - The purpose of this publication is to provide guidance to procedures which will aid in avoiding potential danger and economic losses associated with incorrectly stowed containers. This guide describes the possible consequences of improper stowage; it suggests ways of avoiding them by specifying the proper size and type of container as well as the proper inspection and loading of containers. Additionally, stowing and securing guidelines are included for the 8 basic cargo types. KW - Cargo facilities KW - Cargo handling KW - Container handling KW - Container utilization KW - Guidelines KW - Marine transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/673468 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650295 AU - Voelker, R P AU - DEBORD, F W AU - Geisel, F A AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - WINTER 1981 TRAFFICABILITY TESTS OF THE USCGC POLAR SEA PY - 1981/12/14 AB - Environmental and ship performance data were collected aboard the USCGC POLAR SEA in January-March 1981 as part of a multi-year program to make an operational assessment on the feasibility of a year-round marine transportation system (including offshore structures) serving Alaska. Volume 1 contains brief descriptions and summaries of the entire program. Volume 2 focuses on measured and observed ice conditions during the ship's transit in the Bering and Chukchi Seas. Volume 3 deals with the performance of the icebreakers from the ice edge in the South Bering Sea to the North Chukchi Sea at Point Barrow, Alaska. Volume 4 gives a description of transit time predictions for commercial icebreaking ships along the route from Unimak Pass to the North Chukchi Sea. Volume 5 analyzes the results of a series of bollard pull, tow-rope pull and free- route propulsion tests conducted in Puget Sound. In volume 6, the results of an analysis of trafficability data are compared with model ice resistance tests, theoretical predictions, and available full-scale data. Volume 7 focuses on the structural adequacy of the POLAR SEA's hull. Volume 8 describes a method used to calculate ice forces resulting from transiting pressure ridges. Volume 9 presents data on the vibratory response of the POLAR SEA to ice induced loads. Volume 10 provides specifications and installation details for the POLAR SEA's instrumentation system, while volume 11 provides documentation for computer programs used for data acquisition and analysis aboard the POLAR SEA. KW - Alaska KW - Bering Sea KW - Bollard pull KW - Bollards KW - Chukchi sea KW - Cutters (Vessels) KW - Data collection KW - Hull stress KW - Hulls KW - Ice KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice loads KW - Ice navigation KW - Ice resistance KW - Ice strengthening KW - Ice transiting vessels KW - Icebreakers KW - Instrumentation KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Performance KW - Polar sea (Vessel) KW - Pressure ridges KW - Propulsion KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Software KW - Strength of materials KW - Stresses KW - Thrust KW - Thrust deduction KW - Towing devices KW - Trafficability KW - Vibration tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388939 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00404242 AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE U.N. CODE OF CONDUCT FOR LINER CONFERENCES A STUDY OF U.S. OPTIONS PY - 1981/12 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Developing countries KW - Policy KW - Shipping KW - Shipping conferences KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/221806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649108 AU - Applied Systems Institute AU - Maritime Administration TI - USAGE PRICING FOR PUBLIC MARINE TERMINAL FACILITIES PY - 1981/12 AB - The overall goal of this study was to develop a conceptual approach and formula for establishing reasonably compensatory tariffs or prices for the use of public marine terminal facilities. Volume 1 contains a full report of the study, including a statement of the formula, its underlying rationale, and related background information. Volume 2 is intended to serve individual ports as a guide in applying the formula to determine tariff rates that would cover the full economic costs of terminal use. Volume 3 provides an Executive Summary. KW - Formulas KW - Formulas (Mathematics) KW - Marine terminals KW - Port finance KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Revenues UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388840 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656077 AU - Galler, D AU - Kusko, A AU - Kusko (Alexander) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE APPLICATION OF ADJUSTABLE-SPEED AC (CSI/VSI) DRIVES TO SHIPBOARD MACHINERY AND SYSTEMS PY - 1981/12 AB - This two-volume report deals with the application of adjustable speed AC drives to shipboard machinery and systems. Volume 1 contains background and theoretical material. It describes the theory of operation of AC drives, the circuits that are used, the analysis of torque-speed requirements of shipboard machinery and selection, application and specification guidelines for AC drives. Volume 2, the Marine Application Manual, is a practical guide for the shipbuilder, designer or marine engineer who is interested in applying AC drives. It includes a brief description of the AC drives suitable for marine use, a list of AC drive manufacturers, application guidelines, sample specifications and sample economic comparisons with conventional equipment. KW - Electric drives KW - Machinery KW - Motors KW - Rectifiers KW - Silicon KW - Silicon controlled rectifiers KW - Speed control KW - Speed limits KW - Speed regulators KW - Thyristors KW - Variable speed drives KW - Vehicle drive systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399912 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660223 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Bath Iron Works Corp. AU - National Shipbuilding Research Program TI - NATIONAL SHIPBUILDING STANDARDS PROGRAM: STATUS REPORT NO. 3 PY - 1981/11/02 SP - Various p. AB - In this study, the accomplishments of the National Shipbuilding Standards Program are reported and evaluated. Currently, there are over seventy shipbuilding standards in various stages of development under the voluntary consensus ballot system. Twelve have been approved and published as ASTM National Standards. A documented 83% of these are being used in new shipbuilding contracts resulting in an immediate multiple payback situation relative to the initial R&D investment. Several shipyards are now involved in new or expanded internal standards programs particularly where advanced shipbuilding techniques are being applied. KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Shipbuilding KW - Specifications KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400317 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658549 AU - Osleeb, J P AU - Ratick, S J AU - Boston University AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPLICATIONS OF POWER PLANT COAL CONVERSIONS ON THE PORTS OF NEW ENGLAND, VOLUME 1: FINAL REPORT PY - 1981/11 SP - 63 p. AB - Mandated electric generation coal conversions in New England could place a severe strain on the coal handling and transportation facilities in New England ports. This paper presents an analytical scheme leading to the development of optimal plans for the reuse and redevelopment of marine transport networks in New England. Utilizing a port inventory that provides information on existing coal handling facilities and the capability of the ports to increase capacity, a mathematical programming model is used to determine the optimal capacity, placement, and railroad and marine interface of coal handling facilities within and between the New England ports and converting power plants. KW - Cargo handling KW - Coal KW - Coal industry KW - Fuel utilization conversion KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Marine terminals KW - New England KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399106 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658550 AU - Boston University AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPLICATIONS OF POWER PLANT COAL CONVERSIONS ON THE PORTS OF NEW ENGLAND, VOLUME 2: APPENDICES PY - 1981/11 SP - Various p. AB - Volume 1, the main report of this study presents an analytical scheme leading to the development of optimal plans for the reuse and redevelopment of waterborne transportation of coal (see AN 10039). Volume 2 is comprised of a set of appendices to the main report: Mine Production Data; Capacities of Power Plants in the Study; Port Inventory of New England; Coal Handling Machinery; and Port Expansion Systems Model. KW - Cargo handling KW - Coal KW - Coal industry KW - Fuel utilization conversion KW - Marine terminals KW - New England KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400199 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658066 AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHALLOW DRAFT COLLIER DESIGNS PD 267 PY - 1981/11 SP - 46 p. AB - This report presents plans for two shallow-draft colliers that are designed to operate from East or Gulf Coast ports to Europe, and from the West Coast to Japan. These designs can carry approximately 60,000 tons more coal, fully loaded at a draft of 45 feet, than can a new, U.S.-built conventional bulk carrier at the same draft. As a result, these ships can operate with a required freight rate (RFR) that is as much as 24 percent below that of the conventional ship. Coal-fired steam and slow-speed diesel propulsion plants are considered, with the coal-fired steam propelled ship resulting in a 3.5 percent reduction in RFR as compared with the diesel propelled ship. KW - Coal carriers KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Shallow draft vessels KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398950 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653776 AU - Walcoff, P AU - Morganstern, B AU - ARINC Research Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARINE TERMINAL AUTOMATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR PUBLIC CONTAINER TERMINALS, PHASE 2: SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION PY - 1981/10 SP - 110 p. AB - The Marine Terminal Automated Management System (MTAMS) was implemented at the Seventh Street Terminal, Port of Oakland, CA in 1981. This report describes the terminal; presents an overview of the MTAMS; reviews the steps in system implementation; and provides an evaluation of the MTAMS. KW - Automation KW - Container terminals KW - Information systems KW - Port operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393468 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650824 AU - Wald, E AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - PILOT PERFORMANCE, PHASE 1: VERBAL PROTOCOLS DURING RESTRICTED WATERWAY NAVIGATION PY - 1981/09 SP - 52 p. AB - The primary objective of this experiment was to evaluate the extent to which bridge activity and resultant ship maneuvering are interfered with when a pilot is asked to provide a verbal commentary on his actions during a transit. Ship system performance measures indicated that verbal report demands placed on pilots did not interfere with their primary task of conning the ship. It was also determined that the information value of verbal reports is primarily dependent on an individual's personality, specifically his ability to verbalize his thoughts as he works. KW - Attention allocation KW - Caorf KW - Maneuvering KW - Performance KW - Restricted waters KW - Ship pilots KW - Ship simulator experiments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392182 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656063 AU - Kawalski, T AU - Sheets, H E AU - University of Rhode Island, Kingston AU - Maritime Administration TI - APPLICATION OF NEW PROPULSION SYSTEM TO CONTRA-ROTATING PROPELLERS FOR U.S. MERCHANT VESSELS PY - 1981/09 SP - 86 p. AB - A new propulsion system has been developed to the stage of successful laboratory tests on a 10 horsepower unit. The new system substitutes a fluid transmission and engine revolution reduction for the standard direct drive and reduction gears. This study explored the feasibility of the application of the new propulsion system to surface ships, and in particular the advantages of using it to drive contrarotating propellers. The authors conclude that the application of the new propulsion system to surface ships will produce substantial weight and space reductions, in addition to an increase in propulsive efficiency through the use of contrarotating propellers. KW - Contrarotating propellers KW - Engine efficiency KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsive efficiency UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398273 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00661005 AU - Breit, S AU - Hoffman Maritime Consultants Incorporated AU - National Maritime Research Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE TEST AND EVALUATION OF THE SHIP MONITORING AND GUIDANCE SYSTEM ON-BOARD THE USNS FURMAN PY - 1981/08 SP - 70 p. AB - A computer-based Ship Monitoring and Guidance System was installed onboard the USNS FURMAN. The system monitors ship motions and assists shipboard personnel in assessing operational alternatives. In order to evaluate the system's effectiveness, an initial test and evaluation phase was undertaken in which trained observers made three voyages aboard the USNS FURMAN. This report presents the results of the test and evaluation phase. It includes a brief description of the development of the SMGS. The in-service performance of the system hardware and software are discussed in some detail. The operating conditions during the observer-attended voyages are described and collected data are analyzed with the objective of determining operation criteria. For a related report, see AN 15450. KW - (Smgs) ship response monitoring and guidance system KW - Furman (Vessel) KW - Hull surveillance KW - Open water tests KW - Ship motion KW - Ship performance monitoring KW - Ship response KW - Water waves KW - Wave forecasting KW - Weather forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404199 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657979 AU - Halebsky, M AU - Blumberg, J M AU - Schaff, J C AU - Global Marine Development Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - INDUSTRIAL PLANT VESSEL INFORMATION BOOKLET PY - 1981/08 SP - 62 p. AB - This information booklet was prepared under contract for the Maritime Administration, and is based on a study, "Floating Vessels for Industrial Plants," that was prepared under that same contract. The objective of the information booklet was to prepare one-page summaries of existing concepts for industrial plant vessels, or of ones under serious consideration, and of their potential applications. A photograph or sketch illustrates each concept. The booklet is in looseleaf form to permit easy updating. References are identified for each concept and each picture or sketch. KW - Floating plant facilities KW - Overviews KW - Vessel descriptions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398912 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650851 AU - Williams, K E AU - D'Amico, A AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE EFFECTS OF BUOY DENSITY AND BUOY FLASHING PATTERN ON STEERING THROUGH A CHANNEL BEND PY - 1981/08 SP - 22 p. AB - Varying densities of buoys placed on the outside edge of a 35 degree turn were assessed in terms of their effect on steering a VLCC (Very Large Crude Carriers) through the channel bend. Low, medium, and high densities of buoys representing 1-1/4 nm spacing, 1/2 nm spacing and 1/8 nm spacing respectively were investigated and compared to a condition in which a Rate of Turn Indicator (ROTI) was employed. In general, the results demonstrated that too little information was provided by the 1-1/4 nm spacing condition when compared to the 1/2 nm spacing condition. It was also found that too much information as defined by the 1/8 nm spacing condition created a rigid perceptual barrier which the pilots attempted to avoid by keeping further to the right of the channel at the turn point. Optimal performance in steering the turn was induced by the medium density buoyed turn (i.e. 1/2 nm) with the ROTI condition running a close second. The effect of simple perceptual principles in affording motion and position information for steering channel bends is discussed. KW - Buoys KW - Caorf KW - Channel bends KW - Channel marking KW - Human factors KW - Light signals KW - Navigation lights KW - Restricted waters KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Shiphandler performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392198 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650821 AU - Mcilroy, W AU - Berenbaum, R AU - Butera, G T AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - OFF-LINE SIMULATION PROGRAM PY - 1981/07 SP - 235 p. AB - The Off-Line Simulation Program is, as its name suggests, an off- line computer program which can be run on the SEL 32/75 computer at CAORF (Computer Aided Operations Research Facility, Kings Point, NY). It is designed to augment, facilitate, and verify research performed on the CAORF full-scale bridge simulator. In particular, it can be cost-effectively utilized when the realism of the bridge simulator is not required in an experiment. The Off-Line Simulator Program is most useful in exploring data involving ship maneuvering characteristics, collision situations, and the feasibility of proposed harbors and channels. It can be used to quickly analyze ship movements in a particular scenario or to examine a proposed harbor facility for ship safety. KW - Caorf KW - Computer programs KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Off line KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Simulation KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392181 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650845 AU - Cooper, R B AU - Bertsche, W R AU - McCue, G J AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - SIMULATION EVALUATION OF PREDICTOR STEERING, SHORT RANGE COLLISION AVOIDANCE AND NAVIGATION DISPLAYS, PHASE 3: THE ADVANCED BRIDGE DESIGN PROGRAM (FORMERLY THE STANDARDIZED BRIDGE PROGRAM) PY - 1981/07 SP - 107 p. AB - This report describes the purpose, conduct and results of a simulator evaluation of two advanced ship's bridge display concepts, predictor steering and short range collision avoidance and navigation. The display formats were selected from a previous lower fidelity simulation as being significantly beneficial to pilots in their transit of confined waterways. The findings showed the navigation features, channel boundaries and own ship's scaled image to be of greatest benefit in the pilotage. The projected track feature as it was designed and tested was of little benefit to pilots familiar with the waterway, but did enable masters unfamiliar with the waterway to achieve significantly better trackkeeping and improved rudder utilization. Use of the collision avoidance format, however, also produced performance results comparable to the potentially more costly predictor steering system. KW - Bridge displays KW - Caorf KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Information display systems KW - Performance KW - Predictor systems KW - Restricted waters KW - Ship pilots KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Steering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392195 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657414 AU - Johnson, J A AU - Roach, Charles D. AU - J.A. Johnson, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - EXPORT GRAIN DAMAGE PY - 1981/06 SP - Various p. AB - Handling procedures during the transportation of grain, particularly in the U.S. export trade, are reported to cause increased breakage and other damage. This study was undertaken to highlight the consequences of such damage and to explore means of mitigating the problems involved. The authors recommend changes in conveying equipment and operations and suggest the use of barge-carrying ships for efficient transportation of grain. KW - Barge carriers KW - Cargo handling KW - Conveyors KW - Freight traffic KW - Grain KW - Grain carriers KW - Grain trade KW - Loss and damage KW - Recommendations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400065 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649942 AU - Viele, J W AU - Stanwick Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF SKILLS REQUIREMENTS FOR LICENSED PERSONNEL OF THE GREAT LAKES FLEET PY - 1981/06 SP - 260 p. AB - An analysis of Great Lakes licensed officer skills, jointly sponsored and funded by Great Lakes bulk freighter operators, Marine Engineers Beneficial Association and Associated Maritime Officers District 2, and the Maritime Administration, was performed in order to provide a realistic basis for improving Great Lakes officer training and education programs. The specific objectives were: to identify the tasks performed by Great Lakes licensed personnel; to define the skills and knowledge required to carry them out; and, to develop guidance goals for training and education for each level of officer responsibility. KW - Education and training KW - Great Lakes KW - Knowledge KW - Military personnel KW - Personnel qualifications KW - Requirements KW - Specifications KW - Task analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388367 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660795 AU - Chang, P Y AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - FORMULAS AND PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATING THE COLLAPSE LOADS OF SHIP STRUCTURAL MEMBERS PY - 1981/05/28 SP - 57 p. AB - Formulas and procedures for estimating the collapse loads of ship structural members are presented. These formulas are essential for determining the velocity field used in the analysis of the collapse loads of ship structures undergoing collision. Elements covered in these formulas include stiffened and unstiffened plates, structural members, and irregularly shaped plates. Most of these formulas are based on results published in another report entitled "Structural Analysis of the Collapsing Bow of a Striking Ship," co-authored by the present author. KW - Collapse KW - Failure KW - Formulas KW - Formulas (Mathematics) KW - Structural failures KW - Structural mechanics KW - Structural members KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650865 AU - Sperrazza, S AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROGRAM XDLOG PY - 1981/05 SP - 97 p. AB - Program XDLOG can be used to produce datalog printer output of selected data extracted under program control from datalog data records on playback tapes (PBTs). This program can list ownship and traffic ship data, as well as the results of special interlating computations between the two. KW - Caorf KW - Computer programs KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Software KW - Xdlog (Computer program) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392211 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648777 AU - Lykes Brothers Steamship Company, Incorporated AU - Ship Analytics, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBOARD APPLICATIONS OF LOW COST MICRO-PROCESSORS PY - 1981/05 SP - 115 p. AB - This report describes the phase 1 effort of a joint MARAD-Lykes Bros. project to place inexpensive micro-computers on board merchant vessels. A micro-computer with dual floppy disk drives was selected, and a series of six programs were written to facilitate shipboard activities involving trim/stability calculations, personnel payroll, barge rehandling, chart information, and preventive maintenance. The computer was placed on board a Lykes Bros. vessel and the computer programs used on a daily/operational basis. The system has performed well, met with enthusiastic crew acceptance and holds the promise for significantly economizing various tedious, manual computational and data recording activities. KW - Automatic vessel control KW - Management information systems KW - Navigation charts KW - Navigational charts KW - Ship maintenance KW - Shipboard computers KW - Ships KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660793 AU - Chang, P Y AU - Thasanatorn, C AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE COLLAPSING BOW OF A STRIKING SHIP PY - 1981/05 SP - 110 p. AB - This report presents the theories, the numerical methods, and the computer program for the analysis of the collapsing bow of a striking ship on the assumption that the struck ship is stationary and rigid. This assumption simplifies analysis of the interactions between the struck and the striking ships and is valid for the struck ship with a resistance type of protection barrier. The ice breaker POLAR STAR has been used as an example for testing the computer program for an assumed collision with a collision angle of 60 degrees. The results indicate that the collapse load of the ice breaker for a 60-degree striking angle is about 35 percent greater than that for the perpendicular collision. While the results from this study are useful, further effort is necessary to develop this methodology into a practical design tool. A following study will combine the mathematical models for the struck ship and the model for the collapsing bow with the external mechanics of ship collision. Completion of this study will enable the calculation of the coupling effects between the ship motions and structural damage of the two ships involved in collision. KW - Bows KW - Loss and damage KW - Mathematical models KW - Polar star (Vessel) KW - Structural analysis KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404117 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656067 AU - de Haas, T AU - Watterson, C C AU - Department of Commerce AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE COMPATIBILITY OF SPREAD-SPECTRUM AND NARROWBAND FM MOBILE RADIO SYSTEMS IN THE 156 TO 162 MHZ BAND PY - 1981/04 SP - 56 p. AB - It has been suggested that the limited availability of channels for VHF mobile voice radio communication in urban areas might be alleviated by using spread-spectrum (SS) systems in the same frequency bands and geographic areas used by frequency-multiplexed, narrowband, frequency-modulated (FM) systems. This report presents an analysis of the compatibility of FM and direct-sequence SS systems under these conditions, and applies the results to a specific case: communication with ships in the Mississippi River in the New Orleans area in the 156 to 162 MHz band. The analysis shows that direct-sequence SS and FM systems in the same frequency band and geographic area cause intolerable mutual interference that makes them incompatible. Some alternative possibilities that may be worth further investigation are given. KW - Compatibility KW - Narrowband KW - Radio KW - Radio frequencies KW - Radio frequency KW - Speech KW - Ultrahigh frequencies KW - Ultrahigh frequency KW - Very high frequency KW - Voice communication UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398276 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650354 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc. AU - Webb Institute of Naval Architecture AU - Maritime Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN MARITIME RESEARCH PY - 1981/04 SP - 218 p. AB - MARAD sponsored this study of foreign maritime research and development to seek opportunities for improvements and new approaches for the U.S. maritime research program. The study included the elements of research goals, program measurement and institutions; but it excluded evaluation of specific research projects. The scope was limited to research aimed at commercial maritime industries, primarily in the transportation sector. The study concentrated on R&D that is being conducted in Norway and West Germany. These nations were selected because their information was the most available and their potential for cooperative research with the U.S. was most apparent. KW - Germany KW - Maritime industry KW - Maritime research KW - Norway UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388606 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656094 AU - Seaworthy Engine Systems, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - AT-SEA TEST AND EVALUATION OF OXYGEN (O2) ANALYZERS PY - 1981/04 SP - 110 p. AB - This report presents the results, conclusions and recommendations derived from a continuous ten-month at-sea endurance test of eight commercially available oxygen analyzers on the SS STELLA LYKES, a modern steam turbine-propelled cargo vessel. Included are: a description of the project's objectives, scope, and technical approach; a discussion of the technical and economic merits of the continuous monitoring of a marine boiler's flue-gas oxygen content; identification of service-related requirements for the marine application of oxygen analyzers; and a recommended specification for a 'marinized' continuous-reading, zirconium oxide-based oxygen analyzer. KW - Combustion KW - Evaluation KW - Flue gases KW - Oxygen analysis KW - Pollutants KW - Stella lykes (Vessel) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660323 AU - Reed, F E AU - Littleton Research and Engineering Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A CRITERION FOR EVALUATING THE ACCEPTABILITY OF HULL EXCITATION FORCES PY - 1981/04 SP - Various p. AB - This report is directed primarily toward a determination of whatever level of propeller excitation is acceptable in the preliminary design of a ship. This study seeks to evaluate whether the resultant excitation force so calculated is acceptable for a hull that has reasonable structural response indications and also to determine how hull characteristics influence its response to propeller excitation. The method used in this study idealizes the ship as a series of Timoshenko beams carrying concentrated and sprung masses and rotary inertias at their junctions. To analyze this model, a computer program was develped and predictions were compared against measurments on several different ships. KW - Damping (Physics) KW - E.j. kulas (Vessel) KW - Force KW - Hull propeller interaction KW - Hulls KW - Mathematical models KW - Niagara (Vessel) KW - Propeller forces KW - Propeller induced vibration KW - Propellers KW - Timoshenko beam KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656096 AU - Johnson, J E AU - Rogers, A C AU - Bass, R L AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF SHIPBOARD TANK LEVEL INDICATING SYSTEMS PY - 1981/04 SP - 236 p. AB - The objective of this study was to provide an all-inclusive assessment of tank gaging technology. To achieve this objective, the project was divided into five tasks: (1) a comprehensive survey of liquid bulk carrier owners/operators and classification societies to obtain opinions and recommendations relative to tank level indicating equipment; (2) the development of criteria for selecting such equipment; (3) a technical review of commercially available level indicating equipment; (4) laboratory testing of five common types of tank gaging systems; and (5) identification of potential improvements that may be expected in future tank level indicating equipment. Detailed discussions and analysis of findings related to each of these tasks are presented. KW - Surveys KW - Tank gaging KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398292 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649686 AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration AU - California State Coastal Commission, San Francisco TI - SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1981/04 SP - 380 p. AB - The Santa Barbara Channel Risk Management Program was carried out to find ways of minimizing risks to facilities and to the environment resulting from offshore oil and gas resource recovery and vessel traffic in the Channel. The objective of the Risk Management Program is the development of a basis for the California Coastal Commission's use in making federal consistency determinations relative to offshore drilling and production activities and construction. The basic approach to risk management relative to offshore development and vessel traffic is the identification of placement recommendations for temporary or permanent offshore structures relative to the vessel traffic separation scheme (VTSS, the "traffic lanes") and safety fairways or shipping routes. Other risk mitigation measures are recommended as appropriate. This Program has been fully coordinated with the Coast Guard's Port Access Route study required by the Port and Tanker Safety Act of 1978 (PL 95-474) KW - Caorf KW - Highway traffic control KW - Offshore structures KW - Risk management KW - Santa Barbara Channel KW - Traffic control KW - Water traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00661632 AU - Kenefick, J F AU - Chirillo, L D AU - Kenefick (John F.) Photogrammetric Consultant, Inc. AU - Todd Pacific Shipyards Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - PHOTOGRAMMETRIC DIMENSIONING OF SHIPS' ENGINE-ROOM MODELS PY - 1981/03 SP - 50 p. AB - Design modeling, photogrammetry, and computer aided detail design have always been individually utilized and developed in the shipbuilding industry, depending on the shipbuilder's experience and preference for each technique. In this study, an attempt is made to integrate these three techniques and to utilize each of their advantages to the extent that they may be used as a combined technology in shipyards. A practical method that combines the three disciplines is presented and applied is to a scale model of a ship's engine room, complete with machinery and 390 pieces of piping arranged in 6 separable sections. The developed method is basically photogrammetric, and uses a computer-controlled stereoplotter to record the locations and dimensions of the model's parts. Comparisons between the photogrammetric and manually obtained measurements confirmed the superiority of the former technique. The authors conclude that the developed photogrammetric method provides a cost-effective means for obtaining ship model dimensions, particularly when compared with other design/measurement techniques. KW - Measurement KW - Photogrammetry KW - Scale models KW - Ship models KW - Ships KW - Structural models UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404414 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648838 AU - Raymond Loewy Associates AU - Maritime Administration TI - OFFICER AND CREW STANDARD FURNITURE PY - 1981/02 SP - 115 p. AB - This report consists mainly of drawings and specifications for shipboard furniture, as part of an effort to improve accommodations for officers and crews on U.S. merchant vessels. Specifications cover materials, finish, and quality of workmanship for each item of furniture shown. KW - Accommodation spaces KW - Furniture KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387746 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337712 AU - Ames, A H AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES PORTS COAL HANDLING CAPACITY AND EXPORT COAL POTENTIAL PY - 1981/02 SP - 45 p. AB - This study was developed to determine the competitive position of the Great Lakes Region coal-loading ports in relation to other US coastal ranges. Due to the congestion at some US Atlantic coastal ports US coal producers have indicated a need for alternative export routes, including the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway System. The study assesses the regions coal handling capacity and price competitiveness along with the opportunity for increased US flag vessel service. A number of appendices are included showing major coal producers, railroad marketing representatives, US vessel operators, and port handling capacities and throughput. A rate analysis is provided including coal price at the mine, rail rate to port, port handling charges, water transportation rates to western Europe, Great Lakes route versus the US Atlantic Coast ports. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo transportation KW - Coal KW - Coal industry KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Great Lakes KW - Great Lakes Region KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - International trade KW - Marine terminals KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Railroad transportation KW - Technology assessment KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Unloading facilities KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169207 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650268 AU - Voelker, R P AU - DEBORD, F W AU - Nelka, J J AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF ICE CONDITIONS IN THE SOUTH BERING SEA BASED ON APRIL 1980 U.S.C.G. POLAR CLASS TRAFFICABILITY TEST DATA PY - 1981/01/31 AB - Environmental and ship performance data were collected aboard the USCGC POLAR STAR in April 1980 as part of a multi-year program to make an operational assessment of the feasibility of a year-round transportation system serving northwestern Alaska. Volume 1 contains a description of program objectives, planned deployment, and a data collection program. A description of all data collected and the subsequent analysis is given for level ice and the forty profiled pressure ridges. During the data collection period, underwater photographs of pressure ridge keels were successfully taken, and the coefficient of friction between the ship's hull and ice were measured. Volume 2 contains the appendices to the report including data summaries, calculations, thickness measurements, and standard sea-ice nomenclature. Volume 3 contains an executive summary. KW - Bering Sea KW - Cutters (Vessels) KW - Ice KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice navigation KW - Ice thickness KW - Icebreakers KW - Performance KW - Polar star (Vessel) KW - Pressure ridges KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Thickness KW - Trafficability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388936 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334420 AU - Bronzini, M S AU - Lopez, L A AU - Stammer, R E AU - Southeastern Transportation Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - INLAND WATERWAY PORT MODEL: DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND METHODOLOGY PY - 1981/01 SP - 182 p. AB - An inland waterway port model suitable for port planning and operations studies is developed. After a critical review of the literature and of available data sources, a preliminary model design is formulated. Based upon field observations of port operations at typical inland waterway terminals, the preliminary model is revised and refined. The final model breaks port operations down into seven elementary processes. Using queueing theory, probability, and other appropriate tools, submodels of each process are developed. Model application is illustrated by two examples. An annotated bibliography is included. KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Mathematical models KW - Port capacity KW - Port operations KW - Port traffic KW - Ports KW - River ports KW - Simulation KW - Terminal facilities KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649828 AU - Pisani, J M AU - Maritime Administration TI - CHINA'S PORT AND MARITIME PROGRAM PY - 1981 SP - 7 p. AB - Aspects of China's maritime program are discussed, including the administration of ports and shipping; decentralization of shipping; shipbuilding research and design; the role of the communications ministry; and financing of port improvements. KW - China KW - Financing KW - Maritime policy KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Port policy KW - Research KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipping policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648953 AU - Maritime Administration TI - DECK AND ENGINE OFFICERS SUPPLY AND DEMAND, 1981-1990 PY - 1981 SP - 13 p. AB - Section 1 of this report addresses the current and projected fleet size, manning requirements and men per billet ratio in order to project manpower demand. Section 2 provides an estimated future supply of officers. Factors used are the current workforce, attrition rate, and the projected supply of new officers. Section 3, supply/demand interaction, combines the projected demand with the expected supply to determine the degree of officer shortages. The conclusions are contained in Section 4. Certain assumptions and variables are identified which should be considered in analyzing the statistical data. KW - Deck officers KW - Engineering officers KW - Labor market KW - Manning requirements KW - Manpower availability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331599 AU - Maritime Administration TI - WORLDWIDE ANALYSIS OF MARINE "BUNKER C" FUEL OILS PY - 1981 SP - n.p. AB - The report provides the results of physical and chemical tests performed on 150 samples of marine "Bunker C" fuel oil as it was bunkered on board U.S. merchant steamships. Twenty-eight companies contributed these samples which represent 75 ports worldwide in eight geographical regions. The comparison of the 1976 and 1980 studies indicates an overall degradation of the quality of bunker fuels available. The most dramatic degradation has occurred in vanadium levels, which rose from 40 ppm to 140 ppm. Other indications of fuel quality, such as ash, API gravity, viscosity, sulfur, and sodium, indicate that a lower quality of fuel is currently available than was available to U.S. merchant steamships in 1976. KW - Bunkering KW - Chemical analysis KW - Fuel analysis KW - Fuel composition KW - Fuel quality KW - Fuel specifications KW - Fuels KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165534 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331949 AU - Wind Ship Development Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - WIND PROPULSION FOR SHIPS OF THE AMERICAN MERCHANT MARINE PY - 1981 SP - 278 p. AB - Sail assisted vessels in small to medium size ranges--of 2,000 to 40,000 deadweight tons cargo capacity--could achieve fuel savings of 15 to 25 percent compared with conventionally powered ships, according to the study. The type of sail found to have the greatest economic potential is the wing sail rig or rigid airfoil. Resembling rectangular aircraft wings placed in upright position on a ship's deck, the wing sails can be rotated 360 degrees to obtain the best wind angle. These airfoil sails would be made of metal rather than cloth and their operation could be automated and remotely controlled. The study concluded that the wind sail rig has an economic advantage over both cloth sail rigs and conventional motor vessels in ships below 40,000 tons. The greatest advantages of sail assist would be realized by smaller vessels of 2,000 to 10,000 tons at present fuel prices. Because in new ship construction the cost of sailing rigs would be mostly offset by a reduction in the size of the power plant needed, a sail-assist vessel would cost about the same to build as a conventional motor ship, the study revealed. KW - Economic analysis KW - Fuel conservation KW - Sailing ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651037 AU - Sandor, L W AU - Sun Ship, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - COPPER-NICKEL HULL SHEATHING STUDY PY - 1980/12/31 SP - 99 p. AB - Fuel consumption of ships is related to hull roughness. The increasing high cost of fuel is the driving force behind the efforts that are expended in looking for methods, that would reduce hull roughness and would maintain a smooth hull surface profile during the designed life of a ship. One such desirable method involves the use of copper-nickel. This study examined a number of methodologies for applying Cu/Ni in sheet form. The welding of Cu/Ni clad steel was also evaluated in a shipyard environment. The cost differential between Cu/Ni sheathed and conventional painted hulls was determined for a large container ship. KW - Copper alloys KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Economic analysis KW - Fuel conservation KW - Hull roughness KW - Hulls KW - Metal coatings KW - Roughness KW - Sheathing KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650858 AU - Hayes, J AU - Wald, E AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF THREE ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS AS COLLISION-AVOIDANCE AND GROUNDING-AVOIDANCE AIDS PY - 1980/12 SP - 222 p. AB - This reporrt describes an experiment conducted at CAORF to compare shipmasters' collision-avoidance and grounding-avoidance performance in congested harbor approach situations. Comparisons were made when test subjects operated with radar, with a collision-avoidance system (CAS system), or with a collision-avoidance system with navigation option (CAS + NAV system in which channel boundaries and shoal lines are displayed with synthetic radar and collision predictive information). The results indicate that the test subjects who operated with CAS + NAV system had fewer serious incidents (collisions and groundings) than members of the other groups, who also had measurably more near misses. KW - Caorf KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Groundings (Maritime crashes) KW - Harbor navigation KW - Harbors KW - Maneuvering KW - Performance KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Shiphandling KW - Shipmasters UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392205 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649819 AU - Williams, K E AU - Goldberg, J AU - D'Amico, A AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - TRANSFER OF TRAINING FROM LOW TO HIGH FIDELITY SHIPHANDLING SIMULATORS PY - 1980/12 SP - 64 p. AB - An investigation of simulator fidelity on training was conducted utilizing CAORF. Two groups of chief mates were trained on a simulated New York Harbor transit under a variety of conditions. One group was trained on the full CAORF bridge (high fidelity simulation) and the other was trained on a reduced bridge (low fidelity simulation). In addition, the reduced bridge group received limited supplemental training on the full bridge after completing their reduced bridge training. The primary difference between both bridges was the manner in which visual information was presented-- full color and size and detailed representation versus black and white presented on full standard 21-inch television monitors. The results showed equivalent improvement for both groups but a decrement in performance by the reduced bridge group following the additional training on the full bridge. It was hypothesized that the two groups of subjects were learning essentially different tasks or strategies. The full bridge group learned tasks and strategies utilizing predominantly visual information, while the reduced bridge group used predominantly radar. The subsequent decrement in performance by the reduced bridge group was taken to reflect the incomplete learning of a visual task due to the limited time spent on the full bridge. It was concluded that in any transfer of training program careful attention must be paid to the nature of the task as well as the cognitive strategies developed and subsequently employed by the trainee. KW - Ship simulator training KW - Ship simulators KW - Shiphandling training KW - Transfer of training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388286 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649820 AU - Goldberg, J AU - D'Amico, A AU - Gilder, M AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE TRAINEE PARTICIPATION AND SEGMENTED VS. INTEGRATED TRAINING STRUCTURE ON THE ACQUISITION OF SHIPHANDLING SKILLS PY - 1980/12 SP - 47 p. AB - The major objective of this research was to establish training program guidelines which could be used in simulator training. Two specific training procedures were examined. The first compared the effectiveness of active versus passive trainee participation during on-bridge simulator training. The second compared the presentation of learning objectives either in a segmented or in an integrated manner. The task involved conning an unfamiliar ship through a simulated New York harbor area under a variety of conditions. Subjects improved most when trained under passive-integrated and active-segmented conditions. It was suggested that an effective training program might consist of familiarization or classroom instruction, followed by passive-integrated training, and finally active-segmented exposure. The importance of feedback and strategy development training was also discussed. KW - Feedback KW - Feedback control KW - Instructional design KW - Learning KW - Ship simulator training KW - Shiphandling training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388287 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649870 AU - Williams, K AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARINER PERCEPTION OF YAW, YAW RATE AND BEARING AS A FUNCTION OF SHIP SIZE AND MARINER EXPERIENCE PY - 1980/12 SP - 31 p. AB - This CAORF reserach study consists of two separate but related experiments. The first experiment examined the effects of mariner experience (master vs. pilot) and ship size on mariner ability to estimate the relative bearing of a sea buoy. It was found that mariner ability to estimate this bearing was significantly altered when the mariner transferred from a 30,000 DWT to 250,000 DWT tanker. Mariner experience, however, was only a significant factor in cases where a pelorus was used. Pilots, who have little experience taking bearings with a pelorus, fared worse in these instances. The second experiment examined the effects of mariner experience, ship size, ship speed, and rudder angle on mariner perception of yaw and yaw rate. Detection of initial yaw motion was found to be twice as late on the larger ships, while detection of both initial yaw and yaw rate was increased earlier with ship speed and/or rudder angle. KW - Experienced personnel KW - Motion perception KW - Ship pilotage KW - Shiphandling KW - Ships by size KW - Simulation KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325797 AU - Hoffman, D AU - Zubaly, R B AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - DESIGN OF A SHIP RESPONSE MONITORING AND GUIDANCE SYSTEM FOR U.S.N.S. FURMAN PY - 1980/12 SP - 50 p. AB - The development of a ship response monitoring and guidance system (SMGS) for the USNS FURMAN, a Victory (VC2-5-AP3) cargo ship operating in the North Pacific, is described. This involved four stages: (1) Theoretical calculations of ship response amplitude operators for motions, accelerations and stresses; (2) Assessment of relative importance of various responses in determining tentative operational limitations; (3) Specification of the sensors, instrumentation and software to be placed aboard ship, and (4) Relating the findings to the needs of the project participants. KW - Bending moments KW - Heavy weather damage prevention KW - Hull bending moments KW - Hull instrumentation KW - Hulls KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Instrumentation (Hull) KW - Military vessels KW - Response analysis KW - Roll response KW - Rolling KW - Seakeeping KW - Ship motion KW - Ship response UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161965 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660220 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Bath Iron Works Corp. AU - National Shipbuilding Research Program TI - NATIONAL SHIPBUILDING STANDARDS PROGRAM: STATUS REPORT NO. 2 PY - 1980/11/01 SP - Various p. AB - As part of the reportage on the National Shipbuilding Research program, this compilation assesses accomplishments in ship standards development and delineates future program plans. Included is a specifications manual for installation of a propulsion shafting for a ship with various geared drives and also for a ship with a direct drive diesel engine. In addition, a standards specification for commercial steel hydropneumatic potable water tanks is included. KW - Alignment KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Propeller shafts KW - Research KW - Shaft alignment KW - Shafts (Machinery) KW - Shipbuilding KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Tanks (Containers) KW - United States KW - Water storage KW - Water tanks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651978 AU - Fee, J J AU - Kaminsky, Y AU - Scales, W C AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL SPREAD SPECTRUM MARITIME COMMUNICATION SYSTEM: PHASE 2 PY - 1980/11 AB - The need for a reliable, inexpensive maritime distress alerting system can be met by the use of low-power transmitters signaling via geostationary satellites. Total system costs can be minimized by using existing or planned maritime commercial communication satellites and their associated coast earth stations. The possibility of multiple concurrent distress alerts can also be accommodated. A particular concept embodying these characteristics is a Satellite-Aided Maritime Search And Rescue System (SAMSARS). The basic technical feasibility of this concept was proved in the laboratory with an experimental transmitter and receiver in the summer of 1979. In the fall of 1979, the experimental units were moved to Santa Paula, a commercial maritime satellite coast earth station, and tested through the Pacific MARISAT. These tests demonstrated excellent performance in the presence of background noise and most types of simulated satellite and terrestrial interference. Volume 1 of the report contains the concept description and equipment test results. Volume 2 contains a description of the hardware circuitry and software programs. KW - Circuit diagrams KW - Distress signals KW - Epirbs KW - Global maritime distress and safety system KW - Samsars (Satellite-aided maritime search and rescue system) KW - Satellite communication KW - Search and rescue operations KW - Software KW - Spread spectrum communications KW - Spread spectrum transmission KW - Transmission UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394336 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653756 AU - Haefner, L E AU - Washington University, St Louis AU - Maritime Administration TI - EVALUATION OF FLEETING OPERATIONS IN PORTS PY - 1980/10/31 SP - 167 p. AB - This research develops a fleeting management evaluation model and tests it on the St. Louis Bi-State Metropolitan Port. A technique employing Markovian decision theory is utilized to examine site and operational alternatives to provide optimal tow and dock delivery fleeting, while minimizing harbor congestion over a 20 year planning horizon. Commodity flow forecasts are utilized, various harbor development scenarios are formulated and operational and environmental impacts are analyzed. KW - Barge transportation KW - Barges KW - Commodity flow KW - Fleet management KW - Forecasting KW - Markov processes KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Port operations KW - Port traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393451 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658046 AU - Malone, J A AU - Murtagh, M M AU - Allman, M J AU - Santa Fe Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIP ROUGHNESS TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM PY - 1980/10 AB - This report presents the results of a study that addressed the issue of whether underwater surface roughness standards should be established for U.S. merchant ships. The effort included a comprehensive survey and critique of hull roughness measures and devices used in the U.S. and in foreign countries, and a technical analysis to develop uniform roughness measurement procedures. A survey of roughness-induced added resistance methodologies was also conducted. Detailed cost-benefit analyses were performed to quantify the potential economic benefit of controlling roughness-induced ship performance degradation. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cleaning KW - Corrosion KW - Fluid resistance KW - Hull cleaning KW - Hull resistance KW - Hull roughness KW - Hulls KW - Measurement KW - Roughness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400151 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325787 AU - Armstrong, J AU - Johnson, H AU - Ciabattari, R AU - STOUGH, R AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE RELATIONSHIP OF PORT DEVELOPMENT AND URBAN WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION PY - 1980/10 SP - 104 p. AB - The broad purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of port development and urban waterfront revitalization in the United States. A review was undertaken of ports and urban waterfront revitalization literature, site visits to cities which had taken innovative approaches to planning, and a nation-wide survey of ports' administrators and urban waterfront redevelopment interests. The report provides a readable and informal discussion based on information which is fairly well-known in the field. Recommendations are presented for consideration of planners, developers, ports' administrators, and others who are interested in the resolution of port and urban waterfront revitalization interests. This study was conducted as part of the Maritime Administration University Research Program-1978. KW - Development KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban renewal KW - Waterfronts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161958 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326514 AU - Schule, M J AU - Centaur Associates, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CRUISE INDUSTRY PY - 1980/10 SP - 150 p. AB - The study was designed to determine the economic characteristics of the cruise market and to assess potential for American flag involvement in the U.S. cruise industry. The report presents economic/market information on the cruise industry, a market analysis of existing supply and demand, a profile of passenger demographics and a projection of industry trends to 1990. Detailed market, cost, schedule and pricing competition factors for Hawaiian cruises are also presented. KW - Analysis KW - Competition KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Market assessment KW - North America KW - Noth america KW - Passenger ships KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passenger vessels KW - Prices KW - Recreation KW - Scheduling KW - Travel KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162341 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654461 AU - Goodman, T R AU - Breslin, J P AU - Stevens Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TIP SAILS ON PROPELLER PERFORMANCE PY - 1980/09 SP - 57 p. AB - Tip sails are appendages placed at the tips of airplane wings for the purpose of reducing drag. The authors set out to test the hypothesis that similar appendages placed at the tips of marine propeller blades are also likely to improve the performance characteristics of marine propellers. A propeller was tested in various configurations with the tip sails in place. Results were compared with those obtained from tests of the bare propeller. Maximum efficiency did not rise above that for the bare propeller in any of the tests. KW - Propeller blades KW - Propeller efficiency KW - Propellers KW - Tip sails UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393778 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326529 AU - Phillips, S W AU - Weiss, L H AU - Colen, M C AU - International Maritime Associates, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATERBORNE ALCOHOL FUEL PLANTS. VOLUME 2: CASE STUDIES PY - 1980/09 SP - 148 p. AB - The charter of the project was to review alcohol production processes and feedstock, study their application to floating plant technology and perform case studies that would show the near term potential for these types of plants. The four case studies dealt with production of methanol from natural gas in Cook Inlet, Alaska; methanol from natural gas in Baltimore Canyon, Atlantic Ocean; ethanol and methanol from codisposed refuse and sludge--long range plan for New York City; ethanol from agricultural feedstocks and MSW, State of Louisiana. Two plants were used in design and economic studies--1000 TPD methanol plant and 250 TPD ethanol plant. KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Alcohol fuels KW - Alternate fuels KW - Biomass KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Fuels) KW - Economics KW - Ethanol KW - Floating industrial plants KW - Floating structures KW - Fuels KW - Industrial plants KW - Marketing KW - Methanol KW - Offshore structures KW - Performance evaluations KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326528 AU - Phillips, S W AU - Weiss, L H AU - Colen, M C AU - International Maritime Associates, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATERBORNE ALCOHOL FUEL PLANTS. VOLUME 3: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS/PRESENTATION PY - 1980/09 SP - 60 p. AB - The charter of the project was to review alcohol production processes and feedback, study their application to floating plant technology and perform case studies that would show the near term potential for these types of plants. The four case studies dealt with production of methanol from natural gas in Cook Inlet, Alaska; methanol from natural gas in Baltimore Canyon, Atlantic Ocean; ethanol and methanol from codisposed refuse and sludge--long range plan for New York City; ethanol from agricultural feedstocks and MSW, State of Louisiana. Two plants were used in design and economic studies--1000 TDP methanol plant and 250 TPD ethanol plant. This document provides highlights of the first two volumes and copies of presentation material. KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Alcohol fuels KW - Alternate fuels KW - Biomass KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Fuels) KW - Economics KW - Ethanol KW - Floating industrial plants KW - Floating structures KW - Fuels KW - Industrial plants KW - Marketing KW - Methanol KW - Offshore structures KW - Performance evaluations KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162343 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326530 AU - Phillips, S W AU - Weiss, L H AU - Colen, M C AU - International Maritime Associates, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATERBORNE ALCOHOL FUEL PLANTS. VOLUME 1: FINAL REPORT PY - 1980/09 SP - 167 p. AB - The charter of the project was to review alcohol production processes and feedstock, study their application to floating plant technology and perform case studies that would show the near term potential for these types of plants. The four case studies dealt with production of methanol from natural gas in Cook Inlet, Alaska; methanol from natural gas in Baltimore Canyon, Atlantic Ocean; ethanol and methanol for codisposed refuse and sludge--long range plan for New York City; ethanol from agricultural feedstocks and MSW, State of Louisiana. Two plants were used in design and economic studies--1000 TDP methanol plant and 250 TPD ethanol plant. KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Alcohol fuels KW - Alternate fuels KW - Biomass KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Fuels) KW - Economics KW - Ethanol KW - Floating industrial plants KW - Floating structures KW - Fuels KW - Industrial plants KW - Marketing KW - Methanol KW - Offshore structures KW - Performance evaluations KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162345 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323324 AU - Baham, G L AU - Rowen, A L AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE DIESEL CONTAINERSHIP PROPULSION PLANTS PY - 1980/09 SP - 45 p. AB - This report covers a follow-up investigation of methods of reducing marine power plant costs through the use of modular components and diesel engine power plants. In this study, several diesel power plant concepts were developed and compared to a convention steam power plant for a containership application. The results of the study showed roughly equal overall costs for two of the alternative diesel power plants: the geared medium speed diesel plant and the slow speed direct drive diesel power plant; when compared to a non-reheat five heater steam plant. Due to the rapidly rising cost of light marine diesel oil, the other concept, a modular diesel-electric plant with high speed main propulsion engines, was found to be non-competitive with the other three plants. KW - Competitive propulsion systems KW - Containerships KW - Costs KW - Diesel electric propulsion KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel propulsion costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Propulsion systems) KW - Electric power plants KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel costs KW - Fuels KW - Machinery KW - Medium speed diesels KW - Power plant analysis KW - Propulsion KW - Slow speed diesels KW - Steam turbine propulsion KW - Steam turbines KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157276 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323498 AU - Cook, R C AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Nueces County Navigation District AU - Maritime Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF LARGE TANKER TRANSITS OF A PROPOSED DEEPWATER CHANNEL INTO THE PORT OF CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS PY - 1980/09 SP - 84 p. AB - The Nueces County Navigation District No. 1 proposes to widen and deepen the existing entrance channel through Arkansas Pass to accommodate VLCC and other large vessel traffic. The Maritime Administration's Computer Aided Operations Research Center (CAORF) was used to investigate the adequacy of the proposed improvements and the impact of alternative docking basin designs on transits of 250,000 DWT tankers under adverse environmental conditions. KW - Channel design KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Deepwater harbors KW - Maneuvering KW - Narrow channel navigation KW - Restricted water operation KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Structural design KW - Tanker maneuvering KW - Tankers KW - VLCC ports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157377 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326413 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency AU - United States Coast Guard AU - National Bureau of Standards TI - REPORT OF THE INTERAGENCY AD HOC WORK GROUP FOR THE CHEMICAL WASTE INCINERATOR SHIP PROGRAM PY - 1980/09 SP - 275 p. AB - The United States is faced with a serious and massive hazardous materials disposal problem. The public health and the nation's environment are being threatened by the accumulation of uncontrolled, ever increasing volumes of hazardous waste. Incineration at sea aboard specially designed or modified ships has been demonstrated to be a safe, effective, and environmentally acceptable means for the destruction of liquid hazardous organic chemical wastes. The Interagency Ad Hoc Work Group for the Chemical Waste Incinerator Ship Program was established in February 1980 to conduct a study of at-sea incineration technology and to examine various alternatives available to the Federal Government leading to the design, construction, and operation of the findings of the Interagency Ad Hoc Work Group for the Chemical Waste Incinerator Ship Program. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Equipment KW - Hazardous materials KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Incinerators KW - Performance evaluations KW - Safety KW - Shipboard incinerators KW - Ships KW - Technology KW - Waste disposal KW - Waste incinerators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162302 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327102 AU - Morrow, T B AU - Bowles, E B AU - Park, J T AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Maritime Administration TI - A STUDY OF SHIPBOARD UPTAKES AND GAS TAKE-OFFS FOR INERT GAS SYSTEMS (IGS) PY - 1980/08 SP - 135 p. AB - An experimental study was conducted using scale models of flue gas uptakes with inert gas take-offs to determine the design and operational conditions that could lead to a deterioration of inert gas oxygen content between the economizer (boiler) and the scrubber in a flue gas inerting system (IGS). Simulated operational conditions were established by a design and operation survey. A comprehensive set of experiments was performed on three models that represent recent uptake designs originally outfitted with IGS and older designs with retrofitted IGS installations. Experimental results are presented for the static pressure distribution in the uptake and take-off, velocity profiles in the uptake, and for the conditions that permit fresh air recirculation in the uptake. KW - Atmosphere KW - Boilers KW - Explosion prevention KW - Explosions KW - Flow KW - Flow rate KW - Flue gas utilization KW - Flue gases KW - Hazardous atmospheres KW - Hazards KW - Inert gas systems KW - Marine safety KW - Noble gases KW - Rare gases KW - Safety equipment KW - Scrubbers KW - Steam turbines KW - Tank inerting systems KW - Tanker safety KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Throttles KW - Throttling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162445 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654368 AU - Habib, P AU - Bloch, A AU - Roess, R AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Maritime Administration TI - FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF FERRY SYSTEMS PY - 1980/07 SP - 143 p. AB - The main objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive and critical review of waterborne passenger transportation experience and potential in the U.S. and Canada. It centers on key functional components of the waterborne transportation system, namely, vessels and terminals. Its purposes are to (1) aid in the vessel selection process by examining key characteristics (e.g., speed, capacity, engine type) of a wide range of vessel types, in conjunction with various waterborne transportation functions (e.g., short-haul passenger commutation, long-haul recreational trips, vehicular vs. walk-on passenger needs); (2) highlight the critical vessel-terminal interface activities of vehicle and passenger loading and unloading; and (3) recommend efficient terminal facilities and operations, based on the experience of a wide range of ferry operations and standard terminal design procedures developed for other modes of transportation. KW - Ferries KW - High speed vessels KW - Marine terminals KW - Passenger transportation KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649816 AU - Hammell, T J AU - Williams, K AU - Grasso, J A AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration AU - United States Coast Guard TI - SIMULATORS FOR MARINER TRAINING AND LICENSING, PHASE 1: THE ROLE OF SIMULATORS IN THE MARINER TRAINING AND LICENSING PROCESS PY - 1980/07 AB - This document reports on the initial phase of a multiphase effort investigating the role of simulators in the mariner training and licensing process. The long-term goal of the project is to establish criteria of simulator training for partial satisfaction of some license requirements. This initial phase was directed toward the development of an effective investigative methodology; development of a comprehensive information base pertaining to mariner behavior and training system design; and the identification of knowledge gaps for the direction of subsequent empirical research. KW - Personnel certification KW - Ship simulator training KW - Shiphandling training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388873 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474176 AU - Habib, P AU - Bloch, A AU - Roess, R AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Maritime Administration TI - FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF FERRY SYSTEMS. FINAL REPORT--PHASE I PY - 1980/07 SP - 137 p. AB - This report reviews the role of existing urban ferry systems and tries to establish guidelines for the functional design of such systems. As defined here, functional design includes the layout and planning of functional parts of the waterborne system, including vessels, docking systems, terminals, and parking and holding areas. The report examines these components in two detailed chapters, focusing on the vessel and the terminal, which emphasize interface between the two. The chapter on ferry design looks at both slower speed and high speed ships, making a basic differentiation between passenger-only craft and those that carry passengers and vehicles. The chapter on ferry terminal planning first examines the issue of site selection for new terminals then proceeds into a discussion of design issues for passenger-only ferries, examining land-side terminal access, parking facilities, pedestrian facilities, and special facilities for the elderly or handicapped. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Ferries KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Parking facilities KW - Planning KW - Vehicle components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285381 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00336702 AU - Habib, P A AU - Bloch, A AU - Roess, R P AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Maritime Administration TI - FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF FERRY SYSTEMS. PHASE 1 PY - 1980/07 SP - 145 p. AB - This report provides a comprehensive and critical review of the two key functional components of ferry systems--vessels and terminals--operating in the U.S. and Canada. It is intended primarily to be used as an informational and planning document by urban transportation planners considering waterborne transport as an alternative passenger mode. Both conventional and advanced technology high speed vessels are examined. Transportation engineering and pedestrian facility planning techniques are utilized in recommending efficient terminal design and operations. KW - Boats KW - Design KW - Ferries KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Passenger terminals KW - Passenger transportation KW - Ship structural components KW - Terminal facilities KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168949 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325850 AU - Jones, K AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF SIMULATED GROUNDINGS IN VALDEZ NARROWS PY - 1980/07 SP - 151 p. AB - This report describes a study that examined the behavior of masters of simulated large tankers that suffered credible failures of propulsion or steering during transits of a steep-walled channel with a large rock midway across the passage. The data on which the study was based were derived from a research experiment and several operational exercises that were performed on the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF). The transits conducted on the CAORF Simulator involved passages under various conditions of initial speed, visibility, and wind conditons. Test data were analyzed from recorded ground tracks. The conclusions reached suggest that provided the maximum ship speed is limited, recovery from even critical failures may be achieved by the use of tugs. KW - Computer programs KW - Groundings (Maritime crashes) KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Marine safety KW - Mechanical failure KW - Operations KW - Restricted water operation KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulated tanker operations KW - Simulation KW - Steering failure KW - Tankers KW - Tug ship interaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161996 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327091 AU - Seidl, L H AU - University of Hawaii, Manoa AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN ASP (AIR STABILIZED PLATFORM) PY - 1980/07 SP - 159 p. AB - The concept of a novel type of platform was developed, which was termed "Air Stabilized Platform" or "ASP" for short. The effect of the compressibility of air was given in terms of an "Air Pocket Factor-f sub air." Functional relationships for f sub air with respect to internal draft of the airpocket and its geometry are developed. Several generic platform designs based on the ASP concept were designed and model tested. The results are compared with analytical results. The platforms were moored by spread mooring, tension leg mooring or were free floating. Finally realistic applications of the ASP as support platforms for floating industrial plants were considered. KW - Floating bodies KW - Floating platforms KW - Floating structures KW - Heaving KW - Hydrodynamic configurations KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Moorings KW - Ocean waves KW - Offshore platform design KW - Offshore platform stability KW - Offshore platforms KW - Offshore structures KW - Pitch (Dynamics) KW - Pitch (Dynamics) KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stabilized platforms KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326634 AU - Marcus, H S AU - Dewhurst, M P AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT PLANNING STRATEGIES AND POLICY ALTERNATIVES GOVERNING WASTE RECEPTION FACILITIES FOR CHEMICAL TANKERS PY - 1980/07 SP - 146 p. AB - This report documents an analysis of the impact of Annex II of the 1978 Protocol to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from ships, 1973 (MARPOL 73) on U.S. ports and port operators, when implemented in conjunction with environmental legislation. Existing and proposed international agreements and federal legislation relevant to the subject are analyzed in conjunction with information on cargo flows, technological and economic aspects of waste reception, treatment and disposal and existing port reception facilities. KW - Cleaning KW - Economic analysis KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Hazardous materials KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Legislation KW - Marine terminals KW - Pollution control KW - Pollution prevention KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Sewage treatment KW - Tanker pollution prevention KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Waste disposal KW - Waste treatment KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162370 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327109 AU - Magott, R J AU - Bass, R L AU - Morrow, T B AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Maritime Administration TI - BULK CARRIER OPERATIONS SAFETY ENHANCEMENT PROJECT - PHASE III. VOLUME I: TANK ATMOSPHERE CONTROL - FULL SCALE MEASUREMENTS AND MODEL CORRELATIONS PY - 1980/07 SP - 138 p. AB - Full scale gas concentration measurements were obtained in the No. 7C and No. 12S tanks of a 390,000 DWT ULCC during shiptank gas atmosphere control operations. Concentration-time histories were recorded in both the dilution and displacement mode of gas exchange. The full scale data were utilized to validate (1) the scale modeling methodology, and (2) the conclusions and recommendations based on a comprehensive set of scale model tests which were conducted under Phase II of this project (MARAD Contract No. 5-38044). Excellent agreement was obtained between full scale measurements and model predictions. As a result of this work, the modeling techniques developed in Phase II have been validated and the design and operational guidelines developed as part of the Phase II studies are also shown to be valid. KW - Air quality management KW - Atmosphere KW - Atmosphere contamination control KW - Bulk cargo KW - Electrostatic charge KW - Electrostatics KW - Explosion prevention KW - Explosions KW - Hazardous atmospheres KW - Hazards KW - Inert gas systems KW - Marine safety KW - Noble gases KW - Petroleum industry KW - Petroleum trade KW - Safety KW - Storage tanks KW - Tank inerting systems KW - Tanker safety KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Washing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327120 AU - Forrest, A W AU - Swensson, G C AU - Sun Ship, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - APPLICATION OF CONTRAROTATING PROPULSION SYSTEM TO A U.S. FLAG MERCHANT VESSEL. PHASE I, MODEL TESTING AND PRELIMINARY INSTALLATION DESIGN PY - 1980/07 SP - 261 p. AB - The report describes the scale model test results for a contrarotating propulsion system applied to an existing high-speed trailership. The testing program included evaluation of two alternate propeller designs, each developed independently. The preliminary design of a contrarotating shafting system including an analysis of alignment conditions, principal vibration frequencies, and shaft stress levels is presented. A preliminary selection of contrarotating bearings and seals is offered, contingent on future full-scale tests. An economic evaluation is made of contrarotating propulsion for new construction, and for retrofit installations, based on the performance results of the model tests and preliminary estimates of construction costs. The study includes a sensitivity analysis of the effects of fuel price, discount, first cost, and price escalation on the net present value of a contrarotating installation. The report also outlines a program of future work based on the favorable results of the Phase I study. KW - Alignment KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Contrarotating propellers KW - Costs KW - Couplers KW - Couplings KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Propulsion systems) KW - Marine propellers KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Model testing KW - Model tests KW - Performance KW - Propeller design KW - Propeller performance KW - Propeller shaft alignment KW - Propeller shaft stresses KW - Propeller shafts KW - Propellers KW - Propulsion KW - Shafts (Machinery) KW - Ship models KW - Ships KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Structural models KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162456 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323327 AU - Hayes, J N AU - Wald, E D AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF THREE ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS AS COLLISON AVOIDANCE AND GROUNDING AVOIDANCE AIDS; A SIMULATOR INVESTIGATION IN A CONGESTED HARBOR APPROACH PY - 1980/07 SP - 17 p. AB - This is the executive summary of a report which describes an experiment conducted at CAORF to examine shipmasters' collision-avoidance and grounding-avoidance performance in congested harbor approach situations. Comparisons were made between test subjects operating with radar, with a collision avoidance system (CAS system), and with a collision avoidance system with navigation option (CAS + NAV system in which channel boundaries and shoal lines are displayed with synthetic radar and collision predictive information). The results indicate that the test subjects who operated with the CAS + NAV system had fewer serious incidents (collisions, near misses, groundings) than members of the other groups. Analysis showed that the improved safety of the CAS + NAV group resulted from their earlier tracking of threats and their ability to make much larger maneuvers to avert a collision. Although the larger maneuvers brought CAS + NAV subjets closer to shoals, the displayed information on shoal locations enabled them to maintain safe clearance with consistency. KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Electronic navigation KW - Groundings (Maritime crashes) KW - Maneuvering KW - Marine safety KW - Narrow channel navigation KW - Navigation radar KW - Restricted water operation KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157278 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323329 AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - SIMULATORS FOR MARINER TRAINING AND LICENSING. PHASE 1: THE ROLE OF SIMULATORS IN THE MARINER TRAINING AND LICENSING PROCESS. VOLUMES I AND II PY - 1980/07 SP - 75 p. AB - This document reports on the initial phase of a multiphase effort investigating the role of simulators in the mariner training and licensing process. The long-term goal of the project is to establish criteria of simulator training for partial satisfaction of some license requirements. The initial phase of the project has been directed toward the development of an effective investigative methodology, development of a comprehensive information base pertaining to mariner behavior and training system design, and the identification of knowledge gaps for the direction of subsequent empirical research. The second phase (of approximately 1 year duration) has embarked on an empirical investigation to specify key issues in simulator and training curricula design. The key issues (e.g., simulator visual field of view) will be objectively evaluated via simulator-based experimentation using experienced mariners. The third phase will bring the subset of issues investigated to conclusion. This is expected to be accomplished by the conduct of an at-sea transfer of training investigation. Simulator-based experimentation is expected to continue to further refine and/or expand the results. These three phases will result in the development of the criteria as noted above. The draft report is expected to be completed by June 1981. KW - Databases KW - Deck officer training KW - Licensed personnel training KW - Licensing KW - Licensing requirements KW - Ship officers KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Training KW - Training programs KW - Training simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157280 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323499 AU - Mcilroy, W AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING PILOTED CONTROLLABILITY IN RESTRICTED WATERWAYS PY - 1980/07 SP - 106 p. AB - This report describes three experiments performed on the CAORF Ship Simulator to examine pilot controllability of an 80,000 DWT tanker in a channel as a function of channel width, buoy arrangement and spacing, wind, current, visibility, passing traffic, and use of radar. The experiment methodology and results are described. It was found that the optimum buoy spacing is related to channel width, that narrower channel width improves track-keeping, that wind was the most disturbing force affecting shiphandling, and that the combination of fog and passing traffic in an 800-foot channel presents a potentially hazardous situation. It was also found that individual pilots could be distinguished by their different tolerances for off-track distances and different use of rudder. KW - Buoys KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Human performance KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Narrow channel navigation KW - Navigational aids KW - Personnel performance KW - Pilotage KW - Restricted water operation KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Wind forces on ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157378 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323328 AU - Nieri, D AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMMUNICATIONS WORKLOAD EVALUATION OF THE PROPOSED VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICE IN NEW YORK HARBOR. CAORF TECHNICAL REPORT, SIMULATION EXPERIMENT PY - 1980/07 SP - 68 p. AB - This report presents the results of Phase I Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) system experimentation at CAORF (Computer Aided Operations Facility, Kings Point, New York). VTS systems are designed to manage and monitor ship traffic while providing vessels in the area with continuously updated traffic information. This study investigated the communications workload experienced by pilots under the proposed New York VTS. Test runs were made with VTS activation, visibility, and communications breakdowns as variables. Limited visibility was found to be the most significant factor in generating a high level of radio use, with VTS activation also contributing to increased radio activity. Test pilots, in post run debriefings, generally felt that VTS communications were useful and not overly distracting or high in density. Suggestions for improving the VTS system were made, including recommendations that the number of Traffic Advisories be reduced and that precise vessel positioning information be received directly from the vessel in question rather than from the VTS Control Center. KW - Bridges KW - Communication systems KW - Control KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human performance KW - New York (State) KW - Personnel performance KW - Radio KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulated bridge control KW - Simulated traffic control KW - Simulation KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic simulation KW - Very high frequency KW - Vessel traffic control KW - Vhf communications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157279 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322602 AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE COMPETITIVE POSITION OF DOMESTIC SHIPPING IN THE U.S. TRANSPORTATION MARKET PY - 1980/07 SP - 52 p. AB - This study examines the present state of U.S. domestic marine transportation and the changes that have taken place over the past 10 to 12 years. The work was requested by the staff of the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee, U.S. House of Representatives. It is part of an overall effort to (1) document recent changes in the domestic shipping industry; (2) determine the reasons for the changes; and (3) develop options for counteracting any adverse changes. Emphasis is placed largely on the coastwise and intercoastal ocean dry cargo trades. It is primarily within those trades that adverse changes in domestic shipping have occurred and opportunities for an improved marine share of the total domestic transportation market are greatest. The study examines broad trends shown by the cargo carriage data for the coastwise and intercoastal services; carriage among competing modes of transportation; and relative advantages and disadvantages among the modes. This examination underscores the fundamental problems of the domestic shipping industry and points to general actions to improve the utilization of coastwise and intercoastal services and competing modes as well. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk trade flows KW - Coastal trade KW - Coastwise shipping KW - Competition KW - Domestic shipping analysis KW - Economic analysis KW - Freight transportation KW - Shipping KW - Shipping statistics KW - Shipping trends KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - Trade analysis KW - Transportation modes KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322753 AU - Hoffman, D AU - Garzke, W H AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - HEAVY WEATHER MONITORING AND GUIDANCE SYSTEM ON THE S.S. LASH ITALIA (SECOND PHASE OF TEST AND EVALUATION) PY - 1980/07 SP - 60 p. AB - The major emphasis of this program is the test and evaluation of the Heavy Weather Damage Avoidance System (HWDAS) installed on the barge-carrying vessel LASH ITALIA. Phase II is primarily aimed at detailed analysis of software long term system performance evaluation, design review and initial interaction with the user on-board. The results of Phase II test and evaluation are presented in this report along with recommendations for future work. KW - Barge carriers KW - Bending moments KW - Computer aided monitoring KW - Computers KW - Heavy weather damage prevention KW - Hull bending moments KW - Hull instrumentation KW - Hulls KW - Instrumentation KW - Maneuvering KW - Monitoring KW - Ss lash italia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156910 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319842 AU - Ostapenko, A AU - Vaucher, A AU - Lehigh University AU - Maritime Administration TI - ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF SHIP HULL GIRDERS UNDER MOMENT, SHEAR AND TORQUE PY - 1980/07 SP - 142 p. AB - A method is described for the determination of the behavior and ultimate strength of longitudinally stiffened ship hull girder segments of rectangular single-cell cross section, subjected to bending, shear and torque. The basic requirement of the method is to maintain the compatibility of deformations between the individual nonlinear components of the cross section. The compression flange is assumed to be formed from identical beam-columns each consisting of a plate-stiffener combination; residual stresses and pre- and post-buckling behavior of the plate, as well as, large deformations and plastification of the stiffener, are all taken into account. The tension flange is assumed to be elastic-plastic. The webs (sides) are analyzed by a multiple tension-field approach which considers redistribution of normal and shearing stresses between the plate subpanels. It is assumed in the method that a section plane before deformations remains plane after deformations (Navier-Bernoulli) and that shearing stresses in flanges have no effect on deformations or conditions of buckling or yielding. A comparison of the method with the results of two tests on a small hull girder specimen showed that the method is acceptably accurate for the loading case of moment and shear (symmetrical loads) but should be modified for the general loading case of moment, shear and torque (unsymmetrical loads) to include the effect of warping deformations (deplanation) of the cross section. KW - Bending moments KW - Buckling KW - Deformation KW - Destructive testing KW - Hull bending moments KW - Hull girder stresses KW - Hull structural analysis KW - Hulls KW - Longitudinal strength KW - Mechanical tests KW - Plate deformation KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Shear stress KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Torque KW - Web stiffened structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156393 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318751 AU - Coffay, B AU - Westinghouse Electric Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE COMMERCIALIZATION POTENTIAL OF OPEN CYCLE OTEC WATER PLANTS PY - 1980/07 SP - 419 p. AB - The report surveys the U.S. domestic need for freshwater in regions which are close to an ocean thermal gradient and selects a single site which appears to have the greatest potential for a commercially viable seawater desalination plant to be located in near shore waters. The selected site is St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. A conceptual design for an open cycle ocean thermal energy conversion plant of 15 million gallons per day (expected plant size for plant to be deployed in year 2005) is described and costed. Possible financing options for the plant are described. Capital and operating costs of a conventional multistage flash evaporator and an open cycle ocean thermal energy conversion plant are examined. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Desalination KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Energy conversion KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Financing KW - Location KW - Oceans KW - Offshore power plants KW - Planning KW - Saint croix island KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Thermal power generation KW - U.S. Virgin Islands UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155816 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327112 AU - Fries, PAJ AU - Whitener, C C AU - Byram, JCJ AU - Ives, R N AU - Information Spectrum, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - "SEA SHED": REMOVABLE 'TWEEN DECK CONVERSION SYSTEM FOR CONTAINERSHIPS. VOLUME 5. THE USE OF CONTAINERSHIPS TO TRANSPORT A U.S. ARMY MECHANIZED DIVISION PY - 1980/06/30 SP - 42 p. AB - This report analyzes the loading for ocean transport of a 1930 U.S. Army Mechanized Division and a 1986 U.S. Army Mechanized Division with 30-days of supplies aboard containerships of the U.S. flag fleet using standard 20' and 40' containers in combination with large open top containers known as SEA SHEDs. The report quantifies the potential for increased utilization of containerships to carry large military vehicles and outside breakbulk cargo. The SEA SHED enables containerships to be quickly converted from commercial to military cargo rapid deployment applications. KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Bulk handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Cargo ships KW - Container handling KW - Containerization KW - Containerizing KW - Containers KW - Containerships KW - Defense shipping KW - Loading and unloading KW - Logistics KW - Materials management KW - Military sealift KW - Military shipments KW - Military transportation KW - Ship conversion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660221 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Bath Iron Works Corp. AU - National Shipbuilding Research Program TI - NATIONAL SHIPBUILDING STANDARDS PROGRAM: STATUS REPORT NO. 1 PY - 1980/06/01 SP - Various p AB - Significant progress has been reported on the implementation of a major initiative towards the development of a national shipbuilding standards program. With the support of industry and government, working committees were formed, symposia held, and research programs undertaken. The principal aim was to reduce U.S. shipbuilding costs through industry-wide standardization. Attention was given to standardizing the use of advanced techniques such as zone outfitting, accuracy control, and CAD/CAM. Even the standardization of simple items, such as ladders, oil cans and rag lockers can result in a significant reduction of production hours, which eventually translates to competitiveness and financial stability for the industry. The first official publication on National Shipbuilding Standards, due to be published soon, is the end result of these concerted efforts. KW - Competition KW - Cost control KW - Cost reduction KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Shipbuilding KW - Specifications KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00428094 AU - Maritime Administration TI - NATIONAL PORT ASSESSMENT, 1980-1990: AN ANALYSIS OF FUTURE U.S. PORT REQUIREMENTS PY - 1980/06 SP - 127 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Harbors KW - Planning KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/240963 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325843 AU - Boeing Engineering and Construction AU - Maritime Administration TI - PACIFIC BULK COMMODITY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, VOLUME II PY - 1980/06 SP - 448 p. AB - A study was conducted of the feasibility of using slurry systems to carry western U.S. steam coal to Far Eastern Markets. The selected system consists of a pipeline for overland movement of slurried coal from Emory, Utah to Oxnard, California, and large, special purpose ships to carry the coal to Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. The selected system was found to be able to deliver coal to far Eastern Markets at prices competitive with coals from Australia, China, and South Africa, and at prices $10 per ton cheaper than any other U.S. alternative. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk coal KW - Coal KW - Coal pipelines KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Slurry KW - Slurry pipelines KW - Slurry transportation KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161992 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327115 AU - Fries, PAJ AU - Whitener, C C AU - Byram, J C AU - Ives, R N AU - Rhode, A S AU - Information Spectrum, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - 'SEA SHED': REMOVABLE 'TWEEN DECK CONVERSION SYSTEM FOR CONTAINERSHIPS. VOLUME 6. THE USE OF SL-7 CONTAINERSHIPS TO TRANSPORT A MARINE AMPHIBIOUS BRIGADE PY - 1980/06 SP - 62 p. AB - This report analyzes the below-decks loading for ocean transport and/or maritime pre-positioning of a Marine Amphibious Brigade (minus personnel and Fly-in echelon) with 30-days of supplies aboard eight SL-7 containerships, using Sea Land 35' and 40' containers and flatracks in combination with large open top containers known as SEA SHEDs. KW - Amphibious operations KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Bulk handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Cargo ships KW - Container handling KW - Containerization KW - Containerizing KW - Containers KW - Containerships KW - Defense shipping KW - Loading and unloading KW - Logistics KW - Materials management KW - Military sealift KW - Military shipments KW - Military transportation KW - Ship conversion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162455 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326532 AU - Conn, P K AU - Hackworth, J V AU - Snell, I C AU - Bell Aerospace Textron AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF METHODS TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE CAVITATION EROSION OF SHIP PROPELLERS BY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION AND PROTECTIVE COVERINGS PY - 1980/06 SP - 100 p. AB - Effects of wake characteristics (angular width and magnitude of velocity defect) on the erosive nature of cavitation were investigated using a model propeller in water tunnel flows. Wake width appeared to control erosive impact intensity of the cavitation, as measured by the size and rate of formation of pits formed on the polished blades by impact of loads created by collapse of cavitation bubbles. Seven covering materials in combination with 13 primers and adhesives were evaluated in the laboratory. The limiting factors proved to be peel adhesion strength and hydrolytic stability of the covering/propeller bond. The best three polyurethane coverings were applied to a full-scale propeller (21-1/2 ft. dia.) Two of these systems gave encouraging results based on a propeller inspection after 10 months in service. KW - Cavitating propellers KW - Cavitation (Mechanics) KW - Cavitation erosion KW - Design KW - Erosion KW - Erosion control KW - Erosion protection KW - Marine propellers KW - Performance evaluations KW - Propeller wake KW - Propellers KW - Protective coatings KW - Soil stabilization KW - Wakes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162346 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319483 AU - Maritime Administration TI - NATIONAL PORT ASSESSMENT 1980/1990. AN ANALYSIS OF FUTURE U.S. PORT REQUIREMENTS PY - 1980/06 SP - 127 p. AB - This report is an assessment of the marine terminal needs of U.S. ocean and inland riverports on a national scale. It is based on a demand-capacity analysis which compares the cargo-handling capacity of the existing system of port and terminal facilities with the projected flows of foreign and domestic waterborne commerce in the years 1980-1990. The facility needs determined by the study and the estimated capital improvements required are derived from this comparison of system-wide capability with system -wide commerce. For practical reasons, the four major seacoasts of the United States are divided into six coastal regions. Accordingly, projections were made on a regional basis and consolidated nationally. The aggregated regional capacities are the sum of the estimated capacities of individual terminal berthing facilities associated with each of nine major commodity groups analyzed in the study. Therefore, facility requirements for specific ports have not been identified. The total national assessment study was performed in four phases and may be summed up as follows: Phase 1 consisted of dealing with a selected inventory of marine terminal facilities including the physical types, berthing allocations and general characteristics of existing U.S. ocean and inland riverports. The inland riverport analysis is limited to a 17-state mid-America segment of the U.S. inland waterways. Phase 2 involved coastal and river region surveys of the port industry for estimating throughput capacities and representative construction costs of existing public and private marine terminals for handling the nine major cargo movements. Phase 3 dealt with forecasting, assembling, and analyzing the foreign and domestic trade data aggregated into nine major commodity movement categories. These categories were chosen on the basis of handling characteristics, volume of cargo, and importance to the economy. Phase 4 involved the determination of the demand-capacity relationship between port terminal facilities and port cargo movements. KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Bulk cargo terminals KW - Capital investments KW - Commodities KW - Commodity statistics KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Economic forecasting KW - Inland waterways traffic KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Marine terminals KW - Port capacity KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Port statistics KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - River ports KW - Statistics KW - Terminal facilities KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Waterways KW - Waterways commerce statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00316624 AU - Maritime Administration TI - STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR SLOW SPEED DIESEL MERCHANT SHIP CONSTRUCTION PY - 1980/06 SP - v.p. AB - These Standard Specifications are intended to provide guidance to the Maritime Industry for the preparation of detail slow speed diesel ship specifications. They are complete in all aspects of required contract work, and embody the following pertinent features: Establish minimum and maximum levels of quality as a bench mark for Construction Differential Subsidy. Readily identify current requirements of various regulatory bodies. Include standard test to reflect the legal aspects of contract work such as: MarAd policies for subsidy, contract changes, extent of compliance with regulatory body requirements, and clauses regarding errors, omissions, and conflicts. Reflect latest technological developments that include pertinent Research Development investigations and Value Engineering recommendations by MarAd and other agencies. Indicate measures of standardization that may be included in the specifications of diverse ship designs to encourage mass production techniques for processes and systems. Introduce the use of the SI (Systeme International d'Unites) metric system to the United States shipbuilding industry. These guidance specifications are not intended to restrict design features, construction, materials, equipment, systems, etc., to those that are specifically delineated herein. Substitutions consistent with regulatory body requirements and basic standards of quality will be considered for eligibility for Construction Differential Subsidy. KW - Diesel engines KW - Electric power plants KW - Quality control KW - Ship construction quality control KW - Ship construction specifications KW - Shipbuilding KW - Slow speed diesels KW - Specifications KW - Speed KW - Standards KW - Standards (Diesel power plants) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/152248 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660794 AU - Chang, P Y AU - Thasanatorn, C AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE PREDICTION OF IMPACT FORCE DUE TO SHIP COLLISION PY - 1980/05 SP - 182 p. AB - In this report, a mathematical model for the prediction of the collision impact force is developed. The model is a synthesis of the collapse theorems, analytical methods for structural mechanics, and experimental data. This model is validated by simulation of the bow models in the GKSS collision tests. It is also applied to the prediction of the collapse load of the bow of the U.S.C.G. icebreaker POLAR STAR. KW - Forecasting KW - Hull damage KW - Hulls KW - Impact loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Polar star (Vessel) KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323300 AU - Ward, L W AU - SEDAT, R D AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - INITIAL PROGRESS IN DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL METHOD TO OPTIMIZE THE WAVE POWER OF SHIPS PY - 1980/05 SP - 40 p. AB - Research was carried out in the towing tank at Webb Institute using the XY method for determining ship model wave resistance from measurements of the forces exerted on a stationary vertical cylinder by the waves produced by the model. By analyzing pairs of runs at identical speed and loading, with and without the hull form change, it is possible to determine whether the hull form change is beneficial or detrimental. Using optimization theory developed in the study, it is also possible to determine what the optimum hull form change should be and what reduction in resistance is possible. The study was carried out on two hull forms, the Series 60, 0.60 Block and the Maritime Administration Multi-Purpose Mobilization Ship (MMS). A bow bulb was fitted on the Series 60 and MMS Models and a set of port and starboard protuberances were fitted on the latter. The results are encouraging both from a point of view of establishing the validity of the proposed method, including the instrumentation and data analysis system, and from the point of view of the type of results obtained for the bulb and hull form changes selected. For example, the design bulb for the MMS at design speed is shown to be only slighlty smaller than the optimum size with only a few percent more of the bare hull wave resistance remaining possible to be saved by such a device. While further improvements are needed in the technique and equipment, the system is now available for application to practical hull form design problems using the Webb facilities. The technique is now sufficiently established that others may wish to utilize in their work. KW - Bows KW - Bulbous bows KW - Equipment tests KW - Hull forms KW - Hull wave interaction KW - Hulls KW - Model testing KW - Ship design KW - Ship motion KW - Tank testing KW - Tanks (Containers) KW - Vehicle design KW - Water waves KW - Wave resistance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157263 ER - TY - SER AN - 00319824 JO - Publication of: Global Marine Development Incorporated PB - Global Marine Development Incorporated AU - Halebsky, M AU - Herrington, J AU - Schaff, J AU - Woodyard, J AU - West, B AU - Global Marine Development Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - WATERBORNE TRASH RECYCLING PLANT STUDY PY - 1980/05 SP - n.p. AB - The feasibility of waterborne trash recycling and energy recovery facilities was investigated for combinations of three locations and four processes. The three locations were Seattle, Washington (sheltered bay site); San Diego, California (open ocean); and St. Louis, Missouri (pierside). The four processes were production of coarse refuse-derived fuel (RDF); compressed fluff RDF; low BTU gas via the PUROX pyrolysis process; and electric power. Ferrous metal was also recovered from the waste. None of the combinations indicated a profit under current waste disposal costs at the three locations. Optimum combination was for St. Louis which was sufficiently close to the competitive range that it deserves serious consideration. Capital investment required for St. Louis was $32 million for a 1,000 ton/day waste processing facility, and a waste disposal charge of $13.71 per ton to break even. KW - Floating industrial plants KW - Floating structures KW - Incinerators KW - Industrial plants KW - Offshore structures KW - Trash disposal KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158083 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319823 AU - Kotras, T AU - Jacobi, J AU - Voelker, R P AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIP DESIGNS FOR MAXIMIZING UTILIZATION OF GREAT LAKES WATERWAYS. VOLUME II: FINAL REPORT PY - 1980/04/25 SP - n.p. AB - This is a study undertaken for the U. S. Maritime Administration to develop an Implementation Plan for the Great Lakes aimed at achieving a five-year goal of increased annual cargo throughput per ship for new vessels at lower transportation costs per ton. Specifically, the five-year goal was to increase annual cargo throughput by 10%, based on a conventional 1,000 ft vessel operating during an eight-month, open-water season, while also lowering transportation cost per ton. As part of this study, ship design criteria for extended season navigation on the Great Lakes and the associated economics were determined. Also, a sensitivity study on the economic impact of variations in the following design parameters was performed: diesel prime mover type and horsepower, fuel prices, ship length, operating draft, open-water speed, and extended season operations. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Gt. lakes) KW - Economics KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - Operations KW - Ship design KW - Shipping KW - Shipping economics KW - Ships KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158423 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322754 AU - Rowen, A L AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARINE DIESEL APPLICATION IMPEDIMENTS--AN ASSESSMENT OF SHIPOWNER OPINION PY - 1980/04 SP - 40 p. AB - This report, based on interviews with representatives of some twenty shipowners and operators, identifies and analyze problem areas in the wider application of diesel propulsion for U.S. flag oceangoing cargo vessels. Factors discussed with the shipowners relate to shipyards, engine builders, cost assessment, fuel quality, power requirements, maintenance practices, reliability, automation, noise and vibration, auxiliary machinery and personnel. The report is intended as the first phase of a larger study. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automation KW - Costs KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel maintenance KW - Economic analysis KW - Electric power plants KW - Energy consumption KW - Fuel composition KW - Fuel quality KW - Power plant automation KW - Power plant selection KW - Power requirement KW - Reliability KW - Survey reports KW - Surveys KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156911 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325791 AU - Atkins, D A AU - Bertsche, W R AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - RESTRICTED WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT 111A, DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS PY - 1980/03 SP - 210 p. AB - The objective of Experiment 111A was to investigate effect of channel design, ship maneuverability, and aids to navigation configuration of the pilots' ability to navigate a narrow (500 ft wide) channel 5 NM long containing 3 turns. The experiment consisted of transits of the simulated channel using the CAORF bridge simulator adjusted for an 80,000 dwt tanker. The experimental design reflected presence or absence of traffic, full or half normal rudder area and aid to navigation conditions including two buoy configurations, ranges, and precise navigator. Ship position and attitude data and ship control orders were collected during each transit. Conclusions included evaluation of success in transiting the channel, variance in cross track position effect of traffic ships, and an evaluation of ship control orders. Conclusions from static position estimation trials include evaluation of position estimation accuracy and statistics on the accuracy of bearing estimation related to actual bearing angle. The report also deals with the ability of CAORF to simulate navigation ranges. KW - Buoys KW - Channel design KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Narrow channel navigation KW - Navigational aids KW - Pilotage KW - Position finding KW - Position fixing KW - Restricted water operation KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161962 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314301 AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE PORT AND TANKER SAFETY ACT ON THE U.S. FLAG TANKER FLEET PY - 1980/03 SP - 138 p. AB - The report documents a survey of the owner/operators of U.S. flag tankers to determine the impacts of the Port and Tanker Safety Act (P.L. 95-474) on their vessels. The purpose of the survey was to provide the Maritime Administration with factual information to assess: (1) the capability of U.S. shipyards to perform the necessary retrofit; (2) the availability of equipment required to be retrofitted; (3) potential scrapping and new building plans; and (4) budgetary implications related to the Maritime Administration construction differential subsidy and mortgage quarantee programs, Title V and XI, respectively. The U.S. flag tanker fleet consists of 236 vessels of 20,000 DWT and over. The impact of the Port and Tanker Safety Act on the 217 vessels surveyed can be summarized as indicated: 77 vessels-no decision; 26 vessels-owners plan to scrap prior to 1986; 10 vessels-owners plan to request dedicated trade exemption; 13 vessels-under charter to the Military Sealift Command; and 91 vessels-retrofit work has been or will be performed. KW - Equipment replacement KW - Freight traffic KW - Legislation KW - Marine safety KW - Pollution abatement measures KW - Pollution control KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Safety KW - Shipbuilding KW - Ships KW - Subsidies KW - Survey reports KW - Surveys KW - Tanker pollution prevention KW - Tanker safety KW - Tankers KW - Vessel scrapping KW - Water pollution prevention KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150912 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319886 AU - Kloetzli, J W AU - Slager, J J AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - RESISTANCE AND POWERING PREDICTIONS FOR A U.S. MARITIME ADMINISTRATION "SECURITY" CLASS MOBILIZATION SHIP (MARAD DESIGN C7-S-M134A), PHASE III PY - 1980/03 SP - n.p. AB - A design program was conducted by HYDRONAUTICS, Incorporated for the United States Maritime Administration to study the resistance and propulsion characteristics of a 712.9 foot "Security" Class Mobilization Ship. To accomplish this, DTNSRDC Model 5369 was lengthened and a new scale ratio assigned. Model tests were conducted that included bare hull EHP, appended EHP and SHP (at four load conditions), a wake survey, rudder stall examination and flow visualization. All model data were expanded to ship scale and presented. A comparison of performance to other hulls was made. Resistance characteristics for a jumboized version of the base hull form were predicted utilizing the results from the model tests. In addition, lines and offsets for the base hull form were prepared utilizing the U.S. Navy computer program HULDEF. KW - Deployment KW - Energy consumption KW - Flow visualization KW - Fluid resistance KW - Hull forms KW - Hull resistance KW - Hulls KW - Mobilization ships KW - Model testing KW - Performance KW - Power prediction KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsive performance KW - Ship models KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Ships KW - Structural models KW - Wake surveys KW - Wakes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318759 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE MINITRAILERSHIP CONCEPT FOR THE UNITED STATES MERCHANT MARINE PY - 1980/03 SP - 207 p. AB - The historical trend in the U.S. Merchant Marine has been towards larger, more expensive ships. However, a number of foreign flag carriers successfully operate small trailerships in various trades. Several vessel designs and operational characteristics have been suggested to permit U.S.-flag operation of small trailerships. The object of this study was to determine whether U.S.-flag operators could successfully penetrate the small trailership market. It was found that over 80 small trailerships would be required in the U.S. mainland to the Caribbean trade area, and that 10 additional ships would be needed in trade between Puerto Rico and the other Caribbean islands. A small number of vessels will also be needed in trade across the Great Lakes between the U.S. and Canada. It was found that potential U.S. operators of those ships would be at a disadvantage, compared to foreign operators, due to higher U.S. operating costs. The report studied some innovative means of reducing these costs. KW - Cargo ships KW - Cost control KW - Cost reduction KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ro/ro) KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Market assessment KW - Market surveys KW - Roll on roll off shipping KW - Roll on roll off ships KW - Technology assessment KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155822 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00316465 AU - Shooman, M L AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - MODELS OF HELMSMAN AND PILOT BEHAVIOR FOR MANEUVERING SHIPS PY - 1980/03 SP - 38 p. AB - This document provides a set of mathematical models for the helmsman and pilot which idealize their maneuvering behavior. These models should be of use as baselines in studying how human subjects actually maneuver a ship during various CAORF experiments. Comparisons to an idealized behavior will aid in evaluating results of experiments with different subjects performing the same or different tasks. KW - Human performance KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Mathematical models KW - Personnel performance KW - Ship models KW - Ship motion KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Voyage management systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151727 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314351 AU - Woolaver, D A AU - Peters, J B AU - David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPARATIVE SHIP PERFORMANCE SEA TRIALS FOR THE U.S. COAST GUARD CUTTERS MELLON AND CAPE CORWIN AND THE U.S. NAVY SMALL WATERPLANE AREA TWIN HULL SHIP KAIMALINO PY - 1980/03 SP - 75 p. AB - During April and May 1978, this Center participated in a set of comparative ship performance trials conducted jointly by the United States Navy (USN) and the U.S. Coast Guard (CG). These trials consisted of the side-by-side operation of the 378-foot CG Cutter MELLON, the 95-foot CG Cutter CAPE CORWIN, and the 89-foot USN small waterplane area twin hull (SWATH) ship KAIMALINO in seas of opportunity for three 8-hour periods at different relative headings to the sea, with an additional continuous 36-hour trial period involving only the CAPE CORWIN and the KAIMALINO. Within this trial period there were five 8-hour periods wherein six test subjects per vessel were monitored for physiology and affective state while undergoing a series of human factors experiments designed to evaluate the effects of vessel habitability and ship-motion-related degradation on the task performance of experienced sailors. The suitability of the SWATH for typical Coast Guard missions currently performed by conventional surface ships can be addressed through interpretation of these trial results. This report documents trial details and recording procedures; identifies measurements recorded by DTNSRDC; briefly describes the analysis techniques used; presents results of those analyses; and comments on these results, drawing conclusions as appropriate. This material complements reports currently under preparation by the Coast Guard which primarily address the human factors aspects of this trial. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Data collection KW - Government vessels KW - Habitability KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human performance KW - Hydrofoil boats KW - Hydrofoil craft KW - Military vessels KW - Missions KW - Performance KW - Performance human KW - Personnel performance KW - Sea testing KW - Seas KW - Ship motion KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Ship trials KW - Shipboard personnel KW - Ss cape corwin KW - Ss kaimalino KW - Ss mellon KW - SWATH ships KW - Test procedures KW - Testing KW - Tolerance (Physiological) KW - Tolerance (Physiology) KW - United States Coast Guard KW - United States Coast Guard ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150926 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314297 AU - Sundaram, T R AU - Sinnarwalla, A M AU - T.S. Associates, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF UTILIZATION OF WATERBORNE PLATFORMS FOR THE PROCESSING FOR ULTIMATE DISPOSAL AND/OR REUSE OF MUNICIPAL SEWAGE SLUDGE PY - 1980/03 SP - 111 p. AB - A preliminary assessment is made of the technical and economic feasibility of carrying out from waterborne platforms the various available treatment unit operations for the disposal and/or reuse of municipal sewage sludge. The use of waterborne platforms for sludge treatment has several advantages: it frees the limited land areas near wastewater treatment plants for other uses; it affords the possibility for carrying out the processing operation enroute to an ultimate disposal site, and; it holds the potential for minimizing environmental impact. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Sewage treatment) KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Harbor structures KW - Harbors KW - Marine terminals KW - Offshore platforms KW - Platforms KW - Sewage sludge KW - Sewage treatment KW - Sludge (Deposit) KW - Sludge disposal KW - Solid waste disposal KW - Waste disposal KW - Waste treatment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150910 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651011 AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC FOR LARGE MERCHANT SHIPS PY - 1980/02 SP - 48 p. AB - This report investigates the technical and economic utility of glass reinforced plastic as a hull material for large merchant ships. It is intended to extend and update the report, "Feasibility Study of Glass Reinforced Plastic Cargo Ship," published by the Ship Structure Committee in 1971. In this study, a general methodology was developed, a baseline ship type selected and midship section designs generated based on specific design criteria. In particular, the effect of varying hull length on total structural weight and cost was investigated. An economic analysis comparing the glass reinforced plastic variations to the selected steel baseline was performed on the basis of required freight rate. Results indicate that the use of glass reinforced plastic as a hull material for large ships is not economically competitive. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Glass fiber reinforced plastics KW - Hulls KW - Length KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392265 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329996 AU - Mcginnis, L F AU - Graves, R J AU - University of Georgia, Experiment TI - A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE OUTFIT PLANNING PROBLEM: MODELING AND CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PY - 1980/02 SP - 91 p. AB - The outfit planning problem is concerned with the production activities for other than hull steel components of ships. Traditionally, outfitting has been viewed as a successor function to steel planning. Opinion is changing, however, and the current view is that production planning should integrate the two. For many outfit materials, the outfitting can be accomplished in any one of several production stages. The on-unit, on-block, on-board terminology, is reflective of these various production stages. It is widely recognized that early outfitting (on-unit or on-block vs. on-board) can have favourable impacts on costs, quality, and time to completion. It is also true that early outfitting requires coordinating the steel and outfitting schedules as well as closer control than is typical with traditional outfitting. This report describes in detail the outfit planning problem and presents some basic elements of a decision support system for outfit planners. A formal model is developed for the outfit planning problem and the potential use of this model in a decision support system is discussed. The model leads to a difficult optimization problem, and several promising solution strategies are identified. Finally, a program is described for empirical evaluation of the proposed decision support system. KW - Mathematical models KW - Outfitting KW - Production control KW - Ship models KW - Ship outfitting KW - Subassemblies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163280 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327113 AU - RTL, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - "SEA SHED": A REMOVABLE 'TWEEN DECK CONVERSION SYSTEM FOR CONTAINERSHIPS. VOLUME 3. CONCEPT FEASIBILITY AND OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS PY - 1980/02 SP - 130 p. AB - The report analyzes the application of a 'tween deck conversion called Sea Shed which enables existing commercial containerships to handle large volumes of outsize military cargo. KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Bulk handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Cargo ships KW - Container handling KW - Containerization KW - Containerizing KW - Containers KW - Containerships KW - Defense shipping KW - Design KW - Logistics KW - Materials management KW - Military sealift KW - Military shipments KW - Military transportation KW - Ship conversion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327114 AU - Rosenblatt (M) and Son, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - "SEA-SHED": A REMOVABLE 'TWEEN DECK CONVERSION SYSTEM FOR CONTAINERSHIPS. VOLUME 1. FINAL REPORT PY - 1980/02 SP - 47 p. AB - The report describes the following accomplishments: Candidate U.S. flag containerships were selected; engineering and design of Sea Shed prototype module was accomplished; determinations were made for required ship modifications; a concept feasibility and operational analysis was completed; and models of a midship section with Sea Sheds and container crane were constructed. KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Bulk handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Cargo ships KW - Container design KW - Container handling KW - Containerization KW - Containerizing KW - Containers KW - Containerships KW - Design KW - Logistics KW - Materials management KW - Military sealift KW - Military transportation KW - Ship conversion KW - Ship models KW - Ships KW - Structural models UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319497 AU - Hadler, J B AU - Webb Institute of Naval Architecture AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON VISIT TO SOME RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA PY - 1980/02 SP - 32 p. AB - This report describes the visit of the author to the People's Republic of China from 15 November through 1 December 1979. Visits were made to shipbuilding, ship research, and educational institutions related to the maritime industry KW - China KW - Education KW - Education programs KW - Foreign KW - Foreign maritime development KW - Maritime research KW - Shipbuilding KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156184 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00316467 AU - Fee, J J AU - Lascelle, W AU - Nieri, D AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT AND SIMULATION TEST PLAN FOR AN ADVANCED CAPABILITIES VESSEL TRAFFIC SYSTEM PY - 1980/02 SP - 75 p. AB - The prevention of marine accidents, particularly those involving ecologically hazardous materials has become a vital national concern in the past decade. The establishment of Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) by the Federal Government was undertaken to improve the safety of maritime transportation in major U.S. harbors. The existing VTS were developed using state-of-the-art technology and do not require special equipment for the participating ship which must, however, be capable of communicating on the VHF radio channels designated for this purpose. This report discusses deficiencies of current VTS technology and practices in the context of pilot navigational needs and develops a concept for the introduction of an Advanced Vessel Traffic Service (ACVTS) which would utilize a digital link to obtain ship identity and position and provide a common digital data broadcast to all participants which would give each pilot a ship-centered display of traffic in his vicinity. The concept is based upon the internationally adopted digital selective (SELCALL) signaling system for maritime communications and would utilize advanced state-of-the-art portable displays for the pilots involved. The technical feasibility of this concept is illustrated and the major technical trade-offs are developed. A scenario for CAORF simulation is developed to demonstrate the advantages of ACVTS by comparing it with current VTS and existing pilotage procedures in New York Harbor for moderately high levels of traffic. KW - Digital computers KW - Digital systems KW - Harbor traffic control KW - Inland waterways KW - Inland waterways navigation KW - Maneuvering KW - Position finding KW - Position fixing KW - Restricted water operation KW - Selective calling systems KW - Ship pilotage KW - Simulated traffic control KW - Simulation KW - State of the art KW - Traffic control KW - Very high frequency KW - Vessel traffic control KW - Vhf communications KW - Water traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151729 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00312168 AU - King, B AU - RDW Systems, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - A SPECIAL REPORT ON FINANCE. FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION INTERIM REPORT. VOLUME II PY - 1980/02 SP - 100 p. AB - This report summarizes the interim results of a project to analyze the financial performance of the U.S. flag liner industry. Included are the overall capabilities of the Financial Information and Retrieval System (FIRST), with emphasis on the standard and special reports generated by the System. Other major areas described in the report relate to inflation's impact on financial statements, return on investment analysis, revenue projections and the preparation of an industry-wide financial profile report. KW - Capital investments KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ship operation) KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Fleet management KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Liner shipping KW - Management information systems KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318340 AU - Marbury, F AU - Ketron, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - LEAST-ENERGY OPERATION OF RIVER SHIPPING. VOLUME I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/01/30 SP - 31 p. AB - This study covers the line-haul phase of river shipping. Methods have been derived for determining the best speeds at which to operate river shipping equipment in order to minimize fuel consumption per mile, (or per barge-mile, or per ton-mile), or to minimize line-haul cost per mile, etc. These best speeds depend on equipment propulsive performance and costs, whether bound upstream or downstream, swiftness of current, and depth of water. This methodology will prescribe a best speed for each reach of a river, given the equipment used, its fuel rates and costs. KW - Analysis KW - Barge economics KW - Barge operations KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Depth KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Barge operations) KW - Flow KW - Fuel consumption KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - Performance KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsive performance KW - River traffic KW - Rivers KW - Speed prediction KW - Streamflow KW - Streams KW - Traffic speed KW - Transportation costs KW - Tugboats KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155652 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329873 AU - Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Limited AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND MANPOWER SCHEDULES FOR SINGLE SCREW MULTI PURPOSE MOBILIZATION PD214 IN COOPERATION WITH KAWASAKI HEAVY INDUSTRIES PY - 1980/01/01 SP - v.p. AB - Identifies shipbuilding production methods and procedures used by Japanese yards that provide the ability to deliver vessels of similar size and complexity more rapidly than American yards. By contracting with a modern Japanese shipbuilder to produce a detailed ship production plan and schedule, the Maritime Administration can compare specific elements of the production process to identify areas where the construction time in the U.S. may be shortened. The ship construction process is described by developing schedules, manpower plans and facilities utilization information in sufficient detail to meet this goal. KW - Deployment KW - General arrangement plans KW - Japan KW - Labor market KW - Mobilization ships KW - Planning KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Productivity KW - Series production KW - Ship descriptions (Multipurpose) KW - Ship outfitting KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipbuilding materials KW - Ships KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311357 AU - Maritime Administration TI - INDEX OF CURRENT REGULATIONS OF THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION/MARITIME SUBSIDY BOARD AND NATIONAL SHIPPING AUTHORITY PY - 1980/01/01 SP - 43 p. AB - This Index of Current Regulations is published for the convenient reference of Agency personnel and those persons who are required to comply with the regulations. Each regulation is of a substantive nature and prescribes rules and procedures with which the Maritime Industry must comply. These regulations also include Statements of Policy. This revised Index is divided into PARTS I, II, and III, which cover the regulations of the Maritime Administration/Maritime Subsidy Board, National Shipping Authority, and Office of the Maritime Administrator, respectively. KW - Coding systems KW - Legal constraints KW - Maritime law KW - Maritime regulation KW - National shipping policies KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Shipping KW - Shipping codes KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149676 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651036 AU - Reynolds, G H AU - Materials Sciences Northwest, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration AU - Bethlehem Steel Corporation TI - PROPERTY AND PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTROSLAG AND ELECTROGAS WELDING PY - 1980/01 SP - 94 p. AB - This project had as its objective the development of equipment and welding procedures for the use of metal powder filler additions in both the electroslag and electrogas processes. Metal powder filler additions were studied to improve the properties of electroslag and electrogas weldments by reducing process heat input and to improve the overall process productivity by increasing the total metal deposition rate. KW - Electrodes KW - Electrogas welding KW - Electroslag welding KW - Filler metal KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Properties of materials KW - Welding KW - Welding electrodes KW - Weldments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392283 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322587 AU - Maritime Administration TI - SEAFARING GUIDE AND DIRECTORY OF LABOR MANAGEMENT AFFILIATIONS PY - 1980/01 SP - 49 p. AB - This publication is a revised edition of the "Seafaring Guide and Labor Directory, 1975 of Labor-Management Affiliations." It furnishes useful information to Government agencies, members of Congress, representatives of industry and labor-organizations concerned with maritime industry labor and management affairs. The source material used in preparing this publication was compiled and extracted from records of the Maritime Administration labor-management agreements, steamship companies, labor organizations and other publications. Topics included in the publication are: Major Maritime Management and Labor Organizations; Membership of Seafaring Unions; Maritime Labor-Management Affiliations-- Gulf/Pacific Coasts Great Lakes; Government Agencies Concerned wiith Maritime Affairs; Marine Industry-Related Associations; Marimite Trade Associations; Labor Organizations; Seafaring Associations; Seafaring Unions; Independent Tankermen's Unions; Longshore Unions; Major United States Shipyards and the Offshore Drilling Industry. KW - Directories KW - Human resources management KW - Labor relations KW - Labor unions KW - Personnel management KW - Trade associations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313836 AU - Malone, J A AU - ALLMAN, M AU - Santa Fe Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - HULL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT MODEL (HPAM). VOLUME I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/01 SP - 31 p. AB - This report presents the development and demonstration of a computer-based analytical model to assess hull surface management practices. These practices include: the selection of anti-corrosion and anti-fouling hull coatings and their respective applications methods; selection of hull cleaning processes, including those performed in drydock and in-situ (waterborne); and scheduling of hull cleanings and recoatings. The computer model can be used in an analytical mode to evaluate particular hull surface management practices, or in an optimization mode to identify the hull surface management practices resulting in the highest possible net present value of profit over a specified time period. KW - Antifouling coatings KW - Assessments KW - Cleaning KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs (Hull cleaning) KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Hull maintenance) KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Fuel consumption KW - Hull cleaning KW - Hull maintenance KW - Hull surfaces KW - Hulls KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Optimization KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Profits KW - Protective coatings KW - Schedules KW - Ship hulls KW - Simulation KW - Surface preparation KW - Surfaces KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313838 AU - Malone, J A AU - ALLMAN, M AU - Santa Fe Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - HULL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT MODEL (HPAM). VOLUME III: COMPUTER PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND DOCUMENTATION PY - 1980/01 SP - 172 p. AB - The report presents the technical efforts undertaken to: perform prerequisite analyses necessary to develop mathematical representation of applicable ship performance and economic relationships; develop and validate HPAM computer program; and compile data base of sufficient magnitude to support versatile usage of HPAM computer program. Section 4.0 presents the logic flow of the overall HPAM computer program as well as each of its principal subroutines. The principal elements of the algorithm and conditional branching network are discussed. A listing of the program is presented in Appendix A. KW - Cleaning KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs (Hull cleaning) KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Hull maintenance) KW - Equipment maintenance KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Hull cleaning KW - Hull maintenance KW - Hull surfaces KW - Hulls KW - Information processing KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Planning KW - Protective coatings KW - Roughness KW - Ship hulls KW - Simulation KW - Surfaces KW - Surveys KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311351 AU - Maritime Administration TI - UNITED STATES PORT DEVELOPMENT, EXPENDITURE SURVEY PY - 1980/01 SP - 45 p. AB - The Maritime Administration conducted this survey to compile and analyze capital expenditure data for marine terminal facilities in the principal ports of the United States from 1973-1978, including projections through 1983. By utilizing data from previous surveys since 1946, the end product of this effort is a 38-year picture of past and future capital committments on the part of the port industry in the United States to provide the terminal port facilities to serve ocean shippers. Consideration is also given to the methods by which these capital requirements are financed. All of the expenditure data contained in this survey were derived from information submitted by individual public ports. This survey reveals that approximately $5 billion has been invested in the construction and modernization of pier and wharf facilities in U.S. ports in the 33 years since the end of World War II. The rate of expenditures for these purposes has increased remarkably in the last six years. Between 1973-1978, U.S. ports expended approximately $1.6 billion to expand and improve marine terminal capacity. Plans indicate an estimated $3.4 billion will be spent by U.S. ports for cargo handling facilities from 1979-1983. Regionally, the North Atlantic group of ports lost their traditional dominance of total U.S. development expenditures. The Gulf, South Atlantic, and Great Lakes groups of ports displayed major relative increases in development expenditures during 1973-1978 over previous survey periods. There has been a general trend away from the traditional port dependence on general obligation bonds for developmental financing. Increases in revenue bonding, re-investment of port revenues and Federal aid have characterized public port financing during 1973-1978. KW - Capital investments KW - Cargo facilities KW - Data collection KW - Development KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Financing KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Marine terminals KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Port statistics KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Terminal facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149672 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313839 AU - Malone, J A AU - ALLMAN, M AU - Santa Fe Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - HULL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT MODEL (HPAM). VOLUME IV: COMPUTER PROGRAM USER'S MANUAL AND DATA MATRICES PY - 1980/01 SP - 188 p. AB - The document provides instructions for using the HPAM computer program in all anticipated applications, and it includes a comprehensive set of data matrices to facilitate the preparation of required input. Details regarding the assumptions and procedures used in the computer program are described in Volume 3, Computer Program Development and Documentation. KW - Cleaning KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs (Hull cleaning) KW - Data KW - Economic analysis KW - Fuel consumption KW - Hull cleaning KW - Hull maintenance KW - Hull surfaces KW - Hulls KW - Information processing KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Protective coatings KW - Roughness KW - Ship hulls KW - Simulation KW - Surfaces KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150698 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313837 AU - Malone, J A AU - ALLMAN, M AU - Santa Fe Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - HULL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT MODEL (HPAM). VOLUME II: TECHNICAL REPORT OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS PY - 1980/01 SP - 75 p. AB - Two types of analyses were performed using the HPAM computer program. First, baseline comparisons of typical and optimized hull surface management practices were developed for three representative ship types: a C4 break bulk ship, a C8 container ship, and a T8 tanker. Second, sensitivity analyses were performed in which the key ship design, operational, and economic parameters applicable to the baseline comparisons were varied individually to determine their relative contributions to the baseline results. These parametric sensitivity analyses serve two purposes: (1) to demonstrate that the optimum hull surface management practices identified by the HPAM program for a particular application do not vary over the uncertainty range of assumed data items; (2) to generalize the results obtained from the baseline comparisons to a broader spectrum of ship operating profiles. KW - Assessments KW - Cleaning KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs (Hull cleaning) KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Hull maintenance) KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Fuel consumption KW - Hull cleaning KW - Hull maintenance KW - Hull surfaces KW - Hulls KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Optimization KW - Planning KW - Profits KW - Protective coatings KW - Ship hulls KW - Simulation KW - Surfaces KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070584 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Asbestos hazards control in MARAD programs, EA PY - 1980///Volumes held: Background documents1 KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829969 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660256 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Merchant Marine Academy TI - MARINE FIRE PROTECTION: STATUS AND PROSPECTS PY - 1980 SP - 12 papers AB - These proceedings of a seminar on marine fire protection compile the materials presented and include viewpoints on marine fire experiences by representatives from the Coast Guard, city and port officials, insurance companies and the maritime government agencies. The problems of municipal fire departments regarding fire prevention have come to the fore and require urgent attention. One recommended solution is coordination with nearby industrial plants to maintain fire response abilities. A new lightweight fire pump module, to be developed in coordination with all concerned firefighting entities, such as tugboats and support helicopters, is proposed. KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency response systems KW - Fire prevention KW - Fire pumps KW - Fires KW - Protection KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326199 AU - CADCOM Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - TECHNICAL REPORT ABSTRACTS - MARITIME ADMINSTRATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 1973-1979 PY - 1980 SP - 161 p. AB - The publication presents detailed description and ordering information on technical reports prepared for the Maritime Administration for the years 1973-1979. KW - Abstracts KW - Bibliographies KW - Cargo transportation KW - Cold weather KW - Corrosion KW - Definitions KW - Fouling (Naval architecture) KW - Freight transportation KW - Hull corrosion KW - Hulls KW - Indexing KW - Maneuvering KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Marine engineering KW - Marine propulsion KW - Marine terminals KW - Maritime research KW - Materials management KW - Operations KW - Shipbuilding KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331633 AU - Westinghouse Electric Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMMERCIALIZATION POTENTIAL OF OPEN CYCLE OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OTEC) WATER PLANTS PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - The report surveys the U.S. need for freshwater in regions which are close to an ocean thermal gradient, and selects a single site which appears to have the greatest potential for a commercially viable seawater desalination plant to be located in near shore waters. The site selected was St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. A conceptual design for an open cycle OTEC plant of 15 million gallons per day (expected plant size for plant to be deployed in year 2005) is described and costed. Possible financing options for the plant are discussed. Capital and operating costs of a conventional multistage flash evaporator and an open cycle OTEC plant are examined with the latter being preferable under all predicted scenarios of capital goods and fuel price escalation and rates of interest on borrowed sums. A novel method of producing fresh water using a closed cycle OTEC power plant in combination with a multistage flash evaporator was also developed. The process appears to offer economic advantages over the open cycle process for small seawater desalination facilities as well as an advantage of being able to be deployed sooner. A 5 and 15 million gallon per day facility is described with deployment of the smaller size taking place in 1990. Return on investment calculations are provided. KW - Desalination KW - Energy conversion KW - Oceans KW - Offshore power plants KW - Offshore power plants KW - Thermal power generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165536 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331635 AU - Systems Control, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - STEAM PROPULSION SYSTEM STUDY: PHASE II--THROTTLE CONTROL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - This study on an advanced throttle control system presents a specification suitable for new ship construction projects. The study began by developing a complete generic steam propulsion control simulation (i.e., boiler, throttle, turbine, ship/propeller, and the baseline candidate controller) on an interactive computer. The baseline simulation was validated by means of a review by industry specialists. A series of tests on different failures was conducted, starting with the failures identified in the Phase I effort. These tests led to failure recovery concepts which were implemented and evaluated to assess their effectiveness. The final engineering specification was derived as a result of this iterative simulation exercise. KW - Combustion KW - Combustion control KW - Control KW - Control systems KW - Control systems design KW - Electric power plants KW - Equipment tests KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion machinery controls KW - Simulated power plants KW - Simulation KW - Specifications KW - Steam turbine control KW - Steam turbine testing KW - Steam turbines KW - Testing KW - Throttle control KW - Throttles KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331634 AU - Henry (JJ) Company, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ASTERN REFUELING CAPABILITY ON HIGH SPEED COMMERCIAL CARGO SHIPS PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - This report addresses the feasibility of providing high speed commercial ships with an astern refueling capability to support escorts for a Trans-Atlantic convoy. Commercial ships fitted with refueling equipment would expand the military support provided by the merchant fleet in times of war or other national emergencies. Three MarAd-designed commercial ships were considered: C6-S-86a & b container ships and C9-S-8ld LASH ships. On the C9-S-8ld class ship, delivery equipment can be installed with only minor modification to existing ships' systems; existing salt water ballast tankage is more than adequate to carry required fuel volume. On the C6-S-85a & b classes more extensive modifications are necessary. Additional piping lines required are lengthy and interference with existing pipe is unavoidable. Available tankage on the C6-S-85a & b classes is adequate to support convoy escort refueling requirements. The report recommends a fleet-wide survey of available commercial container ships for an evaluation of the optimum type and number of ships for actual conversion. Further studies of installation details are recommended, as are similar feasibility studies on other classes of ships. KW - Defense shipping KW - Fuel systems KW - Fueling systems KW - Military shipments KW - Replenishment at sea KW - Ship conversion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165537 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331598 AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPROVEMENTS AND ALTERNATIVES FOR SHIPBOARD HYDRAULIC STEERING SYSTEMS: PHASE I-FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - Significant results of the study include specifications for an improved electro-hydraulic system and a new electro-mechanical system concept based upon equipment used in the aircraft and related industries. By retrofit of power units and controls at modest cost, the improved electro-hydraulic system can be applied to existing ships. A preliminary design of the electro-mechanical system concept, which eliminates hydraulics entirely, seems technically and economically competitive with contemporary hydraulic systems. In addition, there are significant gains in peformance and reductions in weight, maintenance, and installation costs. KW - Electrohydraulic mechanisms KW - Electrohydraulic systems KW - Electromechnaical equipment KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Hydraulic equipment KW - Hydraulic steering KW - Steering KW - Steering components KW - Steering equipment KW - Steering system design KW - Steering systems KW - Studies KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165533 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323336 AU - Goldberg, J AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - TRANSFER OF TRAINING FROM LOW TO HIGH FIDELITY BRIDGE SIMULATION PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - An investigation of simulator fidelity on training effectiveness was conducted at the Maritime Administration's Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) at Kings Point, New York. Two groups of Chief Mates were trained on a simulated New York Harbor transit under a variety of conditions. One group was trained on the full CAORF bridge (high fidelity simulation) and the other was trained on a reduced bridge (low fidelity simulation). In addition, the reduced bridge group received limited supplemented training on the full bridge after completing their reduced bridge training. The primary difference between both bridges was the manner in which visual information was presented: on the full bridge a full-scale, detailed representation was presented in color and virtual size; on the reduced bridge the representation was in black and white, on standard 21-inch television monitors. The results showed equivalent improvement for both groups, but a decrement in performance by the reduced bridge group following the additional training on the full bridge. It was hypothesized that the two groups of subjects could have learned essentially different tasks or strategies. The full bridge group learned tasks and strategies using predominantly visual information as displayed outside of the wheelhouse on the large screens, while the reduced bridge group used predominantly radar. It was concluded that in any transfer-of-training program careful attention must be paid to the nature of the task as well as to the cognitive strategies developed and subsequently employed by the trainees. KW - Human performance KW - Maneuvering KW - Military personnel KW - Officer training KW - Personnel performance KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Training KW - Training simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323338 AU - Atkins, D AU - Gaffney, M AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - RELATIONSHIP OF SHIP SIZE TO TRANSIT PERFORMANCE IN A CHANNEL SECTION CONTAINING CROSS CURRENT PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - Special environmental conditions occur in many restricted waterways which provide a challenge to transiting navigators. One condition found in some harbors is a waterway section where a significant current enters from the side at an angle to the transit path and gradually realigns its direction to coincide with the transit path. A recent study conducted at CAORF provides an insight into the difficulties of maneuvering through this current condition and the effect of ship size and the degree of difficulty. Results and observations from the study are presented. The process followed in conducting the study described in the paper suggests the general methodology for studying special environmental conditions in specific waterways. KW - Current forces KW - Currents KW - Maneuvering KW - Mathematical models KW - Ocean currents KW - Restricted water operation KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Ship tracking KW - Ships KW - Ships by size KW - Simulated waterways KW - Simulation KW - Tracking systems KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159098 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323331 AU - Mcilroy, W AU - Aranow, P AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN OVERVIEW OF PILOTED CONTROLLABILITY AND SHIP MANEUVERING RESEARCH PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - The U.S. Coast Guard and IMCO have given top priority to studies of the inherent maneuverability of existing and future ships. These studies include normal maneuvering conditions and ship behavior when maneuverability is impaired due to engine and/or rudder failures. The aim of these studies is to establish the inherent maneuverability desired, and the design features necessary to reduce the probability of collisions, rammings, and groundings. This paper reviews many studies that have been sponsored to date by the U.S. Coast Guard, the Maritime Administration, and various shipping agencies, often cooperatively. It also presents an outline of CAORF programs, ongoing and planned for the future, which are directed towards these ends. These on-line investigations will provide a vital additional factor: the man-in-the-loop, which allows pilot strategies and shiphandling capabilities to also be investigated. KW - Bibliographies KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Restricted water operation KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Ship trials KW - Simulation KW - Speed control KW - Speed reduction KW - Traffic speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159091 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323332 AU - Miller, E R AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - ESSO OSAKA SEA TRIALS AND TANK TESTINGS PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - The requirements for valid hydrodynamic mathematical modeling on marine simulators has become more demanding as investigations are being diverted into the complex problems associated with shallow restricted channels. In deep water applications the simulation models have been correlated with full-scale maneuvers. However, until the recent "ESSO OSAKA" trials in water depths typical of existing harbor channels, there has been no sea trial data available that could be used for simulator validation in shallow waters. The hydrodynamic data used until that time were obtained solely from model testing and theory. With model and sea trial data on the "ESSO OSAKA," the opportunity to examine the correlation between the two now presented itself. This paper briefly reviews the success and conclusion of these correlation efforts using model testing at HYDRONAUTICS and Stevens Institute of Technology. KW - Equipment tests KW - Esso Osaka (Ship) KW - Maneuvering KW - Mathematical models KW - Shallow water maneuvering KW - Ship models KW - Ship simulators KW - Ship trials KW - Ships KW - Simulation KW - Structural models KW - Tank testing KW - Tanker maneuvering KW - Tankers KW - Tanks (Containers) KW - Turning characteristics KW - Turning traffic KW - Zig zag tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159092 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323335 AU - DiNapoli, R AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE USE OF HIGH FIDELITY SIMULATION IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MINIMUM PROFICIENCY GOALS FOR MASTER LEVEL, SIMULATOR-BASED TRAINING PROGRAMS PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - As a result of the Port and Tanker Safety Act of 1978, the U.S. Coast Guard is currently considering deck officer license credits for the completion of an acredited simulator-based training course. In conjunction with MarAd, the USCG has sponsored a research program at CAORF to arrive at both design standards for simulation facilities and performance standards for program graduates. This paper describes the use of performance testing at the master level; its development, refinement, and final validation. KW - Deck officer training KW - Licensing KW - Licensing requirements KW - Master KW - Military personnel KW - Officer training KW - Personnel performance KW - Ship officers KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Training KW - Training programs KW - Training simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159095 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323330 AU - Puglisi, J J AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE COAST GUARD LOOKS AT INHERENT MANEUVERABILITY OF TANK VESSELS PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - In the Presidential Initiatives to reduce maritime oil pollution, the Coast Guard was charged with evaluating devices and operational techniques to improve maneuvering and stopping ability of large tankers, with research to include the use of ship simulators. The purpose of this evaluation is to develop sufficient information for making decisions on further action to reduce accidental oil pollution resulting from vessel collision, ramming, and grounding (CRG) accidents by investigating the potential that various devices and operational techniques may have on the maneuvering and stopping ability of large tankers. KW - Course keeping qualities KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Mathematical models KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Stopping KW - Tanker maneuvering KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323337 AU - Bertsche, W R AU - Cook, R C AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH FOR EVALUATION OF PORT DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONS PROBLEMS UTILIZING REAL TIME SIMULATION PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - Recent advances in ship simulation technology and research have produced new tools to complement traditional channel design techniques. The systematic use of simulation in the waterway design process to augment economic studies and engineering analyses can result in a more complete understanding of the economic, environmental and safety issues involved in the operation of large vessels in port and harbor waterways. The role of vessel simulation in support of port design and operations interest groups is discussed in this paper with an emphasis on the role of the human operator in the process. Examples are presented to illustrate each use of simulation and to highlight the interdependent nature of design variables which lend themselves to examination using simulation techniques. KW - Channel design KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Design KW - Development KW - Human performance KW - Inland waterways KW - Maneuvering KW - Navigational aids KW - Personnel performance KW - Port design KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Restricted water operation KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulated waterways KW - Simulation KW - Structural design KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159097 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323333 AU - Eda, H AU - DeBord, F AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - MANEUVERING CHARACTERISTICS OF GREAT LAKES SHIPS PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - Results are presented relative to a two-phase program in which the maneuvering characteristics of Great Lakes ships in critical channels are examined. Data are obtained through analyses of the physical characteristics of the waterways, traffic level projections, historical damage records, and also during interivews with industry personnel. Specific problem situations are identified in terms of channels, vessel types and variables. Also included are data obtained in full-scale trials and captive-model tests under ice-free and ice-covered conditions. Based on these results, the maneuvering performance of Great Lakes bulk carriers is examined. Results clearly indicate substantial stabilizing effects on course stability characteristics due to shallow water and ice-covered water. In particular, greatly reduced turning performance is indicated in ice-covered water. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland waterways KW - Maneuvering KW - Mathematical models KW - Model testing KW - Restricted water operation KW - Shallow water maneuvering KW - Ship simulators KW - Ship trials KW - Water traffic KW - Waterways characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159093 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323334 AU - Riek, J R AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - HELMSMAN PERFORMANCE ON SHIPS DURING TURNING MANEUVERS PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - An experiment was conducted to investigate helmsman steering performance as a function of mariner experience, ship size, turn rate information display, and ship's rate of turn. Various performance measures were used to evaluate performance associated with different levels of variable combinations. KW - Human performance KW - Maneuvering KW - Personnel performance KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Ships by size KW - Simulation KW - Steering KW - Steering dynamics KW - Steering simulators KW - Training simulators KW - Turning characteristics KW - Turning traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159094 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319467 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT HANDBOOK FOR ESTIMATING MARINE TERMINAL CARGO CAPABILITY PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - This book evaluates port throughput capacity, and can be used by port authorities and interested civic bodies. The goal was to obtain realistic and practical terminal operating capabilities, rather than to adopt any theoretical notion of measuring ultimate or maximum terminal operating capacities under long-term stress. The Handbook presents a simplified method of port planning based on standardized berthing modules. In this method, standard port planning modules are developed for each cargo transfer mode, such as break-bulk general cargo, containerized cargo, dry bulk cargo, and liquid bulk cargo. This method is designed to be used by administrators, engineers, planners, and designers without special skills in statistical analysis. Standardized berthing modules are particularly useful in master planning and port capacity evaluation. Examples of how these modules can be used are presented in this booklet. KW - Berth utilization KW - Container terminals KW - Container throughput KW - Container traffic KW - Handling and storage KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Port capacity KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Productivity KW - Storage facilities KW - Terminal facilities KW - Terminal operations KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158393 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311352 AU - Maritime Administration TI - SEAFARING GUIDE AND DIRECTORY OF LABOR MANAGEMENT AFFILIATIONS PY - 1980 SP - 49 p. AB - The publication lists active U.S. shipping companies, seafaring and longshore labor unions, trade associations and management-labor affiliations under current collective bargaining contracts in the American merchant marine. Included are the officers, addresses and telephone numbers of labor and industry organizations as well as those of government officials and agencies concerned with maritime affairs. KW - Collective bargaining KW - Contracts KW - Directories KW - Human resources management KW - Labor KW - Labor relations KW - Labor unions KW - Personnel management KW - Trade associations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648580 AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. MERCHANT MARINE WORKFORCE SUPPLY AND DEMAND ANALYSIS 1979-88 PY - 1979/12 SP - 66 p. AB - The primary objectives of this study and model are to: estimate both the short and long term supply and demand requirements for licensed deck and engine officers for the U.S. merchant marine; determine the magnitude of current shortages, the reasons for these shortages and the likelihood of shortages continuing into the future; and, develop alternatives to alleviate the current and projected shortages. It examines current and future licensed officer workforce conditions and requirements. It is a dynamic model and can be used by the maritime industry as a manpower planning tool. KW - Labor market KW - Manpower availability KW - Maritime labor KW - Mathematical models KW - Military personnel KW - Models KW - United states flag UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387629 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00316466 AU - HARRY G. ARMSTRONG AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY AU - Maritime Administration TI - A STUDY OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN SHIP OPERATIONS: PHASE 1 PY - 1979/12 SP - 266 p. AB - The objective of this project is to initiate a multi-year program designed to identify environmental, social and organizational changes needed aboard U.S. merchant ships to provide a safer, healthier, more efficient and individually satisfying industrial environment afloat. Program development and guidance is provided by a tri-partite Advisory Group consisting of union, management, and government (MarAd) representatives. The study team itself is comprised of a multidisciplinary research team with applied experience in behavioral science and marine operations. This initialization phase included an international literature survey undertaken to reveal documented maritime personnel studies, methodological development and validation through field-testing. It is emphasized that this phase was geared to the development of a technical approach which can effect meaningful results within the parameters of overall program goals. The data collected during this phase served as a basis for re-direction and refinements of methodologies--no conclusions can be drawn due to the limitations of the sample. KW - Automatic vessel control KW - Crew accommodation KW - Crew reduction KW - Crew size KW - Data collection KW - Habitability KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Human performance KW - Job analysis KW - Manning requirements KW - Occupational safety KW - Personnel KW - Personnel analysis KW - Personnel performance KW - Personnel safety KW - Shipboard automation KW - Shipboard environment KW - Survey reports KW - Tolerance (Physiological) KW - Tolerance (Physiology) KW - Tolerance (Psychological) KW - Tolerance (Psychology) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151728 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311545 AU - Cameron, J AU - Ernst and Whinney AU - Maritime Administration TI - COST IMPACT OF U.S. GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ON U.S. FLAG OCEAN CARRIERS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/12 SP - 118 p. AB - The report deals with identifying the cost impact of U.S. government regulations on U.S.-flag ocean carriers. Included is (a) a brief discussion on the nature and extent of U.S. government regulations in the maritime industry; (b) an assessment of vessel operating costs due to U.S. regulations (specifically, regulations that are above certain international standards and thus may adversely affect competition) including the amortization of incremental capital costs of ship construction due to regulations; (c) estimates of the cost impact on U.S.-flag fleet operations; and (d) recommendations for possible change in the maritime regulatory environment. KW - Competition KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Regulatory policy) KW - Foreign KW - International competition KW - Maritime law KW - Maritime regulation KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - National shipping policies KW - Operating costs KW - Policy KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipping KW - Shipping policies KW - Ships KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149780 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308602 AU - CHOATE, T AU - General Electric AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPPING OPERATIONS INFORMATION SYSTEM. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW PY - 1979/12 SP - 63 p. AB - This report provides an executive level summary description of each computer software module developed in the Shipping Operations Information System program. This document is intended to inform operations and management personnel of U.S.-flag water transportation companies of the capabilities of these modules which are available for acquisition from the developing carriers. The description of each module includes a functional overview as well as highlights of the capabilities, benefits, and operational elements of the module. KW - Bills of lading KW - Computerized shipping data KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Shipping KW - Shipping operations information systems KW - Transportation KW - Transportation information UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144958 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650778 AU - Eastlund, J AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - TEKTRONIX PLOTTING PROGRAM (LOGPLOT) PY - 1979/11 SP - 38 p. AB - This report describes the LOGPLOT computer program, which reads a playback tape on which data have been recorded during an experiment, and plots various parameters against each other, usually time plots of speed, rudder angle, heading, etc. The report contains a functional description of the program, the operating procedure, and a detailed explanation of the program. The full program is presented in an appendix. KW - Caorf KW - Computer programs KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Logplot (Computer program) KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392168 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311495 AU - Fisher Maritime Transportation Counselors, Inc AU - Maritime Administration TI - NATIONAL OCEANGOING TUG BARGE PLANNING CONFERENCE PY - 1979/11 SP - 272 p. AB - The conference program was divided into four major Sections: (1) Government Presentations: These presentations included (i) MarAd's assessment of past and current R&D programs supporting the OGTB industry, (ii) the Coast Guard's view of potential changes in regulations applicable to OGTB's, and (iii) the potential use of OGTB's for Mobilization and Navy missions. (2) Industry Presentations: These perspectives covered the general areas of manning, operations, construction, capital costs, operating costs, marine insurance and intermodal factors. (3) Four Simultaneous Workshops and, (4) Summary Reports of Workshop Moderators: The four topical areas used as recurring "themes" in the conference were: Legislation and Regulation; Costs, Operations and Facilities; Markets, Financing and Revenue Opportunities; Research and Development Requirements; The second morning of the conference was given to discussion of the higher-priority issues in four Workshops--one for each of the topical areas mentioned above. The final session of the conference heard the Workshop moderators, speaking to the entire conference, summarize their Workshop's discussions, focusing on the participants' views and reactions to the presented issues. The conference attendees then had the opportunity to comment on those summaries. The Moderators' summaries are included. KW - Barges KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Tug barges) KW - Economics KW - Integrated tug barge systems KW - Long range planning KW - Manning requirements KW - Marine insurance KW - Ocean going tugs KW - Policy KW - Shipbuilding KW - Tug barge economics KW - Tug barge operations KW - Tug construction costs KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149745 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00307638 AU - Seaworthy Engine Systems, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING COMBUSTION ABOARD SHIPS: MEDIUM SPEED DIESEL ENGINES PY - 1979/11 SP - 160 p. AB - A study which aims to improve combustion aboard ships has been completed for MarAd by Seaworthy Engine Systems, Inc. and presents the application of three (3) techniques for improving medium-speed diesel combustion of intermediate marine fuel oils. It describes and appraises the values of fuel washing and fuel inhibition by use of commercial additives with water in fuel oil emulsions. Testing was performed aboard a twin-engined, medium-speed diesel Catamaran Tug/Barge owned and operated by Seabulk Tankers, Ltd. The report discusses the rationale for fuel conditioning and the use of one approach to determine the optimum water/oil ratio for fuel emission application to improve combustion. Relative merits of the techniques as applied to engine operation and fuel consumption were determined. The comparative effects of fuel conditioning on critical hot gas path components is evaluated and the overall economics of the system, when applied to a typical medium-speed diesel propulsion plant, are presented. Additionally, the opportunity for achieving even greater savings with currently available and probable future fuels is discussed while pointing out the potential economics which can enable ships with this type of propulsion to utilize heavy grades of fuel oil. KW - Combustion KW - Combustion technology KW - Costs KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel fuels KW - Diesel propulsion costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Fuels) KW - Fuel composition KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel emulsions KW - Fuel processing KW - Fuel quality KW - Fuel systems KW - Fuels KW - Medium speed diesels KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion tests KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144381 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310220 AU - Hayes, J N AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - VALUE OF AN ANTI-GROUNDING COLLISION AVOIDANCE DISPLAY IN RESTRICTED WATERS PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 15 p. AB - An experiment was performed on the CAORF simulator to compare the effects of different electronic equipment on shipmaster performance in various restricted waters collision avoidance situations. Shipmaster (test subject) behavior was examined in a congested harbor approach where shallow water on either side of a channel made it imperative that ownship's collision avoidance maneuvers be kept within definite constraints. Visibility was limited and communications were prohibited so that variables such as seeing a potential threat vessel or hearing of its intentions could not influence the results. Comparisons are made between the ability of shipmasters to avoid collisions and groundings when using conventional radar, PAD-type CAS with a simple display, or a PAD-type CAS with anti-grounding information superimposed on the simple display. In addition, a method for analyzing how a specific electronic system affects the shipmaster's collision avoidance process is reported. KW - Collision modeling KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crashes KW - Electronic equipment KW - Electronic systems KW - Groundings (Maritime crashes) KW - Human performance KW - Information display systems KW - Maneuvering KW - Marine safety KW - Mathematical models KW - Personnel performance KW - Restricted water operation KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149127 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310223 AU - Crane, C L AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPHANDLING IN ARCTIC ICE BASED ON EXPERIENCE WITH THE MANHATTAN PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 4 p. AB - As suggested by the Symposium organizers, comments given in this mini-paper are abstracted from some written observations on icebreaking which the author made 10 years ago during the Manhattan's N.W. Passage trip, and 9 years ago at the Helsinki Ice Model Basin. The first set of notes which are quoted were written on September 17, 1969 after the Manhattan had completed her west bound transit of the Canadian Arctic from Baffin Bay to Point Barrow, Alaska. It had not yet made the eastbound voyage through hardening new winter ice. The observations remained generally valid, however. Manhattan had been mainly assisted by the Canadian Coast Guard Icebreaker John A. MacDonald. The paper consists of five paragraphs under the following headings and are based on visual observations until that date: 1) Following Leads and Polynyas; 2) Turning in Thin Ice; 3) Turning in Thick Ice While Breaking Continuously; 4) Turning in Ramming Mode, Including When Backing; 5) Design considerations for Maneuvering. This paper touches briefly on some aspects of maneuvering a large icebreaking tanker in Arctic ice and the results of some subsequent model tests. Both occurred about 10 years ago. Additional data that were obtained at that time have been given to MarAd, and Arctec has been retained to digest and report them. Therefore, if additional details are required on any of the subjects mentioned, these can probably best be handled by contacting Arctec or MarAd directly. Exxon is, of course, happy to attempt to answer questions where necessary. KW - Arctic Regions KW - Arctic shipping KW - Arctic transportation KW - Cold weather KW - Ice navigation KW - Icebreakers KW - Maneuvering KW - Manhattan (Ship) KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Shipping KW - Simulation KW - Tankers KW - Turning characteristics KW - Turning traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149129 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310228 AU - Tenenbaum, S AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - APPLICATION OF FAST-TIME SIMULATION TO WATERWAY ANALYSIS PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 19 p. AB - During the past two years, a number of waterway investigations have been conducted at CAORF, each with a different objective and each unique in its application of online (CAORF) and off-line (fast-time) simulation techniques. Two of these investigations are discussed in this paper. The philosophy behind fast-time simulation as applied to waterway investigations is discussed herein. Directions for future research and development to improve the fast-time simulations are also indicated. KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Inland waterways KW - Inland waterways navigation KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Narrow channel navigation KW - Restricted water operation KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Ships KW - Simulated waterways KW - Simulation KW - Traffic simulation KW - Vessel traffic control KW - Water traffic KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149134 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310230 AU - Atkins, D AU - Bertsche, W R AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - APPLICATION OF CAORF IN IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING PILOTING VARIABILITY IN PORT DESIGN PROBLEMS PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 18 p. AB - During the past three years, CAORF has applied its research capabilities to a number of port design problems. Emerging from this area of research is a complex picture of the relationship of navigational safety to the environmental conditions, the geographic configuration of the waterways, the maneuverability of the ship, the operational procedures employed by the pilot, and the aids to navigation. This paper provides an overview of the state of knowledge in these areas and provides examples of the sensitivity of track-keeping variability to changes in these port design parameters. The safety of any port configuration requires that the trackkeeping variability both within a single transit and across multiple ship transits be contained well within the geographic confines of the port waterways under investigation. KW - Design KW - Inland waterways KW - Inland waterways navigation KW - Maneuvering KW - Navigational aids KW - Port design KW - Ports KW - Restricted water operation KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulated port planning KW - Simulated waterways KW - Simulation KW - Transportation planning KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310215 AU - Gynther, J AU - Gaffney, M AU - Gilder, M AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - CAROF'S MASTER/CHIEF MATE SIMULATOR TRAINING EXPERIMENT PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 10 p. AB - During the past year, as Phase II of a joint Coast Guard-Maritime Administration research project, a training experiment was conducted at CAORF, utilizing chief mates who were in the process of upgrading to master. This experiment is the first of a series of screening experiments designed to identify simulator characteristics which have nontrivial effects on training effectiveness. In response to the Port and Tanker Safety Act of 1978, the Coast Guard is interested in accrediting simulator-based training programs, which would be required as an additional prerequisite for obtaining a license. Minimum design standards for critical simulator and training program variables would be one alternative means of such accreditation. The Maritime Administration is interested in assisting industry to cost-effectively incorporate simulator training into the mariner training process. The identification of critical factors affecting training effectiveness would be most beneficial in the cost-effective design and operation of a mariner simulator-based training facility. The purpose of this paper is to describe in detail the Phase II experiment and report on the status of the experimental results. KW - Licensing KW - Licensing requirements KW - Military personnel KW - Officer training KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Training KW - Training programs KW - Training simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310217 AU - Aranow, P AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - SUMMARY ASSESSMENT OF CAORF COLLISION AVOIDANCE PERFORMANCE STUDIES PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 15 p. AB - A series of experiments conducted at the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) over the past three years to determine relative merits of electronic threat assessment systems in collision avoidance situations is discussed. Findings and evaluations are revealed concerning CAORF's active, on-going collision avoidance program. KW - Automatic radar plotting KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Human performance KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Personnel performance KW - Radar KW - Rule of the road KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Tanker maneuvering KW - Tankers KW - Traffic regulations KW - Watchkeeping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310232 AU - Goldberg, J AU - Williams, K E AU - Nieri, D AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - SITUATION DIFFICULTY: ITS APPLICATION AS A MEASURE TO ASSESS VTS AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE PROBLEM SOLVING BEHAVIOR PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 25 p. AB - A preliminary study showed that the additional communication requirements of the New York VTS may interfere with the workload capacity of vessel operators. Based on these preliminary results, four factors: number of targets, course, speed and range were varied to determine their effects on the decision-making process and assessment of situational difficulty. Behaviorial and physiological data showed significant differences between and within these parameters. Subjects responded maximally to situations where either four ships were present; were 5 nm away from ownship; were traveling at equal speeds or when target ships were on a collision course with ownship. The implications of the findings were discussed in terms of ship safety, VTS procedure, training requirements and scenario design. KW - Communication systems KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Decision making KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human performance KW - Maneuvering KW - Personnel performance KW - Radio KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Ships KW - Simulated traffic control KW - Simulated waterways KW - Simulation KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic simulation KW - Vessel traffic control KW - Water traffic KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149138 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310213 AU - Fiore, A E AU - Lentz, D C AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - MIDSHIPMEN/CADET TRAINING EXPERIMENT PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 13 p. AB - A prototype experiment was conducted at CAORF to evaluate the effectiveness of a bridge simulator in the training of merchant marine academy cadets/midshipmen. The preliminary (subjective) findings are given. KW - Bridge operations KW - Bridges (Ships) KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Military personnel KW - Officer training KW - Pilotage KW - Rule of the road KW - Ship operations KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Traffic regulations KW - Training KW - Training programs KW - Training simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149121 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310221 AU - Jones, K AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - MEASUREMENTS IN COLLISION AVOIDANCE EXPERIMENTS PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 4 p. AB - An interpretation of the directions necessary for collision avoidance research is presented, now that the effectiveness of C/A systems has been accepted. Greater understanding of the factors influencing the C/A decision-making process is required. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Human factors engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310229 AU - Williams, K E AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO PROVIDE VALIDITY FOR VISUAL AIDS TO NAVIGATION RESEARCH PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 15 p. AB - The mariner's perceptual capability to detect initial rate of turn as well as acceleration in rate of turn were examined. Main effects of ship speed, rudder angle, and ship size were significant. Mariner's background (master versus pilot) did not contribute significantly to initial detection of yaw but was found to be significant for detection of rate of change of yaw motion. The historical approach to perceptual research is discussed, and an alternative model to perceptual research is offered. KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human performance KW - Personnel performance KW - Ship motion KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Turning characteristics KW - Turning traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310225 AU - Goettel, F A AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - TOPICS ON SHIPHANDLING IN ICE PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 5 p. AB - It is apparent that there is more than one point of view from which to examine the problems of ice navigation. This paper does not present the viewpoint of the scientist/engineer but examines the problem as seen from the bridge by the navigating personnel. Outlines the problems encountered when navigating in ice encumbered waters. The most common measures currently used to cope with these problems are discussed briefly. Possibilities for the future are suggested. KW - Arctic Regions KW - Arctic transportation KW - Cold weather KW - Fluid resistance KW - Hull resistance KW - Hull strength KW - Hulls KW - Ice KW - Ice characteristics KW - Ice navigation KW - Ice operations KW - Ice phenomena KW - Icebreakers KW - Icebreaking KW - Ship pilotage KW - Strength of materials KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149131 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310226 AU - Mcilroy, W AU - Carpenter, G AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF FAST-TIME SIMULATION AT CAROF PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 31 p. AB - This paper reviews some of the objectives and accomplishments of the off-line (fast-time) Simulation Activity at CAORF in support of the real-time simulator. It discusses the application of these investigations to experimental design, performance measures, and new instrumentation concepts. This is followed by a more technical examination of the various contributing factors in the off-line equations, especially the human "autopilot," and the autotug concept. Finally, the results of a number of instructive studies using the optimal control model are presented. KW - Automatic pilot KW - Automatic pilot KW - Current forces KW - Force KW - Maneuvering KW - Mathematical models KW - Ocean currents KW - Rudder forces KW - Rudders KW - Shallow water maneuvering KW - Ship models KW - Ship motion KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149132 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310219 AU - Cockcroft, N AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING IN CONNECTION WITH ARPA PY - 1979/10/15 SP - v.p. AB - A monograph concerning the need for stepped-up Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPA) training. With a quantity of collisions attributed to human error rather than machinery limitation or failure, it follows that the way to cut collision incidence is to improve training and watch-keeping standards. As a requirement for watch-keeping officers' certification on ships of over 200 GRT, the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watch-keeping, stipulated that knowledge of radar fundamentals, operational ability and interpretation must be demonstrated by use of a maneuvering board if a radar simulator is not available. Attendance at a simulator radar course is not deemed necessary. This requirement has been mostly limited to the use of maneuvering board as there are few radar simulators available and it is expected the situation will have to remain the same for the next few years. KW - Automatic radar plotting KW - Casualties KW - Casualty data KW - Collision statistics KW - Crashes KW - Imco training standards KW - International Maritime Consultative organization KW - Maneuvering KW - Radar KW - Radar simulators KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Statistics KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Training simulators KW - Watchkeeping KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/152119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310210 AU - Heilweil, J AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - ENGINEERING MODIFICATIONS REQUIRED FOR CAORF RESEARCH PROGRAMS PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 5 p. AB - The flexibility of CAORF requires the ability to rapidly exchange or modify bridge equipment or the bridge layout for any type of experiment. A description is provided of this operational capability, which has been expanded to enable the CAORF experiments on the 1980 agenda to be implemented. KW - Bridges (Ships) KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Ergonomics KW - Maneuvering KW - Ship pilotage KW - Simulation KW - Systems engineering KW - Training simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310212 AU - Friedberg, A W AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPHANDLING SIMULATORS FOR CADET TRAINING PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 7 p. AB - Due to a series of disastrous tanker accidents that affected U.S. waters, there was a White House directive to raise the qualifications and licensing standards for American merchant marine officers and crews. Shiphandling simulators are being used at an increasing rate to train and certify unlicensed seamen. Since training is the primary activity on simulators, they offer flexibility and cost efficiency of training time and should be incorporated in the deck curriculum. This paper discusses the shiphandling simulator's potential and advantages for improving the quality of cadet training. Simulators will be used to train cadets in shiphandling, Rules of the Road, terminal harbor familiarization, critical task training, and emergency maneuvering. KW - Deck officer training KW - Licensing KW - Licensing requirements KW - Maneuvering KW - Rule of the road KW - Ship officers KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Traffic regulations KW - Training KW - Training courses (Ship handling) KW - Training programs KW - Training simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310214 AU - Gardenier, J S AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - WHERE ARE WE HEADED WITH VESSEL BRIDGE SIMULATORS? (A RESEARCH PROJECT LEADER'S VIEW) PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 11 p. AB - In March, 1978, the U.S. Coast Guard and Maritime Administration announced a joint research project to investigate the role of vessel bridge simulators in mariner training and licensing. The study was motivated at that time by: 1. Events in the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) Subcommittee on Standards of Training and Watchkeeping (STW), leading toward a prospective Convention. 2. Availability of the relatively new technology of marine simulators. 3. Popular political demand for a broad new effort to improve maritime safety, including Presidential and Congressional calls to consider using simulators for training and licensing. The objective of the first phase of the project was to explore the feasibility and extent of potential simulator uses. Now, a year and a half later, we have completed the initial phase and circulated the draft report for comment and have conducted some experiments aimed at formulating standards for simulators. We have used the CAORF simulator to train maritime academy cadets and have had discussions with personnel from industry, labor, and schools. We find controversy about many things, but find mainly that potential simulator uses are far more extensive than even advocates expected. The IMCO STW Convention was published in July, 1978, and will be cited to justify use of simulators in officer initial licensing. The Port and Tanker Safety Act revisions of 1978 have become law; they require standards for mariner training and licensing on simulators. Advances have been made in simulator technology, new simulator orders have been placed, and more are expected. International policy and U.S. policy on the use of maritime simulators have not yet been established; such policies probably will evolve over several years. Looking ahead, it appears that future mariners will face very extensive training on simulators, often beginning prior to their first license and recurring in various forms throughout their careers. It also appears that, with a few exceptions, simulator training will not displace classroom, at-sea, or part-task training (such as radar training), but will be added on. Simulators and training programs will continue to display great diversity for a long time. The body of this paper explores the rationale for those predictions in more depth. KW - Deck officer training KW - Licensing KW - Licensing requirements KW - Maneuvering KW - Military personnel KW - Officer training KW - Rule of the road KW - Ship officers KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Traffic regulations KW - Training KW - Training simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310216 AU - Williams, K E AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - A FORECAST OF TRAINING RESEARCH PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 5 p. AB - The future of training research employing CAORF is discussed with an emphasis on investigating factors which affect the rate of acquisition and retention of learned behavior. Issues such as the structure of the training program, instructional strategies, the effect of learning by observation, and transfer of training are addressed and proposed programs for CAORF research are described. A by-product of training research in terms of advanced bridge display systems providing improved feedback to the mariner is also suggested. KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Training programs KW - Training simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149124 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310233 AU - Leitch, DMC AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - A MODULAR APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF MARINE TERMINAL SYSTEMS PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 9 p. AB - Many factors such as ease of access, climate, and terminal location affect the navigation safety and operation of a ship terminal system. In addition, each of these factors will have their own independent effects within a specified marine area. Various combinations of such factors may produce a complex navigation hazard or an unacceptably high environmental risk. Accordingly, when establishing a new ship terminal system, great care must be exercised to ensure that the marine terminal is located so that the chance of a marine accident and risks to the environment are well within acceptable limits. Obviously both the general and specific locations of a marine terminal play a crucial part in answering these questions. This paper presents a methodical approach to solving the problems involved with the siting of a marine terminal so that its location is the best suited site within the marine area concerned. KW - Analysis KW - Development KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Location KW - Marine terminals KW - Mathematical models KW - Petroleum terminals KW - Simulated tanker terminals KW - Simulation KW - Terminal development KW - Terminal operations KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149139 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310211 AU - Hammell, T J AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - CAORF TRAINING RESEARCH PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 17 p. AB - A variety of training research has been conducted on CAORF aimed at generating objective information regarding the variety of elements of the training system. The predominant training research program at CAORF is investigating the role of the ship bridge/shiphandling simulator in the mariner training and licensing process, in response to domestic and international concerns regarding deck officer qualifications. Several training research investigations are addressed; a set of findings and principles resulting from these is presented to guide in the design and application of simulator-based training programs. KW - Deck officer training KW - Military personnel KW - Officer training KW - Ship officers KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Training KW - Training courses (Ship handling) KW - Training programs KW - Training simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310218 AU - Charter, D B AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - FROM CAS TO ARPA: A PRACTICAL APPLICATION TO RESEARCH PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 6 p. AB - Research may provide important data for operational and regulatory programs. A simulator research project and its application to such a program are described. KW - Automatic radar plotting KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Radar displays KW - Radar plotting KW - Regulation KW - Regulations (Radar plotting) KW - Standards KW - Standards (Radar plotting) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149126 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310231 AU - Black, R W AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - TANKER BERTHING EVALUATION PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 4 p. AB - For many years the maneuverability of a tanker has been considered to depend primarily on the power and type of the ship's engines and the characteristics of the vessel's hull and rudder system. Little consideration was given to the fact that when the tanker is at maneuvering speeds (below five or six knots), these factors have practically no effect at all, and the only things that matter become the vessel's momentum, the wind and the current, plus such help as the pilot can obtain from whatever tugs he may have had the foresight to put in position ahead of time. This paper summarizes the on-going, full scale tests conducted to disclose new facts concerning tug thrust in relationship to berthing. KW - Bollard pull KW - Bollards KW - Docking KW - Maneuvering KW - Operations KW - Propulsion KW - Prototype tests KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulated tug operations KW - Simulation KW - Tanker maneuvering KW - Tankers KW - Tug propulsion KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149137 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310224 AU - Eda, H AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR SHIPHANDLING SIMULATORS PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 10 p. AB - An effort has been made to develop maneuvering motion prediction capability (i.e., digital-computer simulation capability) or real ships proceeding under various conditions with changes in ship loading and water depth. Presented here are the results of maneuvering characteristics and ship trajectories predicted through computer-aided analysis and utilizing the model test results. Also included are the encouraging correlations between predictions and trial results. In an effort to improve the mathematical model, which represents ship maneuvering motion under actual operating conditions, vessel tracking measurements were made on the 80,000 DWT tanker during transit in New York Harbor waterways. Application of these results has been made to a variety of harbor configurations from the viewpoint of maneuvering safety during harbor transit. KW - Course stability KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Mathematical models KW - Model testing KW - Shallow water maneuvering KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Ship tracking KW - Ships KW - Simulation KW - Tracking systems KW - Turning characteristics KW - Turning traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310227 AU - Bertsche, W R AU - Cooper, R AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - SIMULATOR EVALUATION OF ADVANCED SHIP'S BRIDGE DISPLAYS PY - 1979/10/15 SP - 13 p. AB - The paper describes the purpose, conduct and results of a CAORF evaluation of two advanced bridge display concepts, predictor steering and short range collision avoidance and navigation. The display formats were selected from a previous lower fidelity simulation as being significantly beneficial to pilots in their transit of confined waterways. Final conclusions on the displays' effectiveness, however, had to be received pending higher fidelity simulation and subsequent operational analysis. Pilotage performance by two groups of subjects, those familiar with the simulated waterway and those which were not, was compared in three different levels of visibility. Realistic but arduous environmental, traffic and own shiphandling characteristics were also introduced. The findings showed the navigation features, channel boundaries and ownship's scaled image, to be of greatest benefit in the pilotage. The projected track feature, as it was designed and tested, was of lesser benefit to pilots familiar with the waterway but did enable masters unfamiliar with the waterway to achieve significantly better track-keeping with improved rudder utilization. In general, use of the collision avoidance format was shown to produce performance results almost comparable to the potentially more costly predictor steering system. KW - Course keeping qualities KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Information display systems KW - Maneuvering KW - Radar displays KW - Restricted water operation KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149133 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313807 AU - Abram, P AU - Vambery, R AU - ECON, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPETITIVE SHIPPING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM -SHIPPING OPERATIONS RESOURCE ALLOCATION PROJECT. VOLUME III-A: SHIP SUMMARY-GENERAL CARGO PY - 1979/10 SP - 128 p. AB - The study was performed to analyze the multiple, complex aspects of ship productivity in U.S. -foreign oceanborne trade. The time period studied was 1973-1977 and primary emphasis was placed upon the analysis of the United States flag merchant fleet. A substantial data base was derived containing both ship data and cargo data for five general cargo vessel classes and four bulk vessel classes, and these data were manipulated to yield the principal results. The actual productivities of the U.S. flag ships and the potential productivities if the ships operated at capacity were estimated. The number of ships, crew and amount of fuel required beyond the existing fleet, in order to achieve a target market share, were estimated. A U.S. flag versus foreign flag productivity competitive assessment was conducted on a case study basis for each of the nine vessel classes. Policy options for corporate management and government based on the productivity analyses were analyzed. The volume for general cargo ships contains a summary of the methodology, the detailed results and policy implications for the vessels class. Also presented are conclusions and recommendations based upon the productivity results that were generated. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Competitive merchant ships KW - Containerships KW - Databases KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet requirements KW - Fleet statistics KW - Labor productivity KW - Market assessment KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Merchant vessels KW - Productivity KW - Research KW - Shipping KW - Shipping research KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00312166 AU - Binkley, J AU - Ohmes, R B AU - Simat, Helliesen and Eichner, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - FLEET MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION: SPECIAL REPORT ON COMPETITION PY - 1979/10 SP - 367 p. AB - The goal of this study was to evaluate the competitiveness of the U.S flag shipping industry relative to its foreign flag rivals, and to relate this to specific factors which have a positive or negative impact on competitiveness. By pinpointing and measuring these factors, industry and government will be in a better position to accentuate the positive features and alleviate those that are negative, thus helping to improve the prospects for the U.S. flag industry in the world marketplace. Competitiveness can be approached from various viewpoints. This research approached the measurement of competitiveness fundamentally from the total cost perspective. It asked what is the total underlying cost, on a cargo unit basis, of performing ocean carriage service by U.S. versus foreign flag vessels for given services in given markets. This cost-based approach is optimal for a study of this type because it takes directly into account many of the differences among competing vessels and indirectly encompasses most or all of the important "non-cost" aspects of competitiveness as well. In the course of the research, the liner, neo-bulk, liquid bulk, and dry bulk sectors were examined, and cost comparisons were made between U.S. flag and non-U.S. flag vessel systems. Studies were also done of inland costs, cargo discrimination, and the effect of subsidy programs in various countries. Recommendations are made to improve the competitiveness of the U.S. flag industry, centering on changes in U.S. government maritime programs and regulations. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Cargo preference KW - Competition KW - Fleet management KW - Foreign KW - International competition KW - Liner shipping KW - Maritime law KW - Maritime regulation KW - National shipping policies KW - Policy KW - Shipping KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150124 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319888 AU - Binkley, J AU - Ohmes, R B AU - Simat, Helliesen and Eichner, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE COMPETITIVE POSITION OF THE U.S. FLAG SHIPPING INDUSTRY PY - 1979/10 SP - n.p. AB - The goal of this study was to evaluate the competitiveness of the U.S. flag shipping industry relative to its foreign flag rivals, and to relate this to specific factors which have a positive or negative impact on competitiveness. By pinpointing and measuring these factors, industry and government will be in a better position to accentuate the positive features and alleviate those that are negative, thus helping to improve the prospects for the U.S. flag industry in the world marketplace. Competitiveness can be approached from various viewpoints. This research approached the measurement of competitiveness fundamentally from the total cost perspective. It asked what is the total underlying cost, on a cargo unit basis, of performing ocean carriage service by U.S. versus foreign flag vessels for given services in given markets. This cost-based approach is optimal for a study of this type because it takes directly into account many of the differences among competing vessels and indirectly encompasses most or all of the important "non-cost" aspects of competitiveness as well. In the course of the research, the liner, neo-bulk, liquid bulk, and dry bulk sectors were examined, and cost comparisons were made between U.S. flag and non-U.S. flag vessel systems. Studies were also done of inland costs, cargo discrimination, and the effect of subsidy programs in various countries. Recommendations are made to improve the competitiveness of the U.S. flag industry, centering on changes in U.S. government maritime programs and regulations. KW - Analysis KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk trade flows KW - Commodities KW - Commodity statistics KW - Competition KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Foreign KW - Freight transportation KW - International competition KW - Land bridge KW - Liner shipping KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Mathematical models KW - Minibridge economics KW - Operating costs KW - Shipping KW - Shipping economics KW - Shipping statistics KW - Ships KW - Statistics KW - Subsidies KW - Trade KW - Trade statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation costs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158425 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313806 AU - Abram, P AU - Vambery, R AU - ECON, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPETITIVE SHIPPING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM - SHIPPING OPERATIONS RESOURCE ALLOCATION PROJECT. VOLUME II: TECHNICAL METHODOLOGY PY - 1979/10 SP - 172 p. AB - The study was performed to analyze the multiple, complex aspects of ship productivity in U.S.-foreign oceanborne trade. The time period studied was 1973-1977 and primary emphasis was placed upon the analysis of the United States flag merchant fleet. A substantial data base was derived containing both ship data and cargo data for five general cargo vessel classes and four bulk vessel classes, and these data were manipulated to yield the principal results. The actual productivities of the U.S. flag ships and the potential productivities if the ships operated at capacity were estimated. The number of ships, crew and amount of fuel required beyond the existing fleet, in order to achieve a target market share, were estimated. A U.S. flag versus foreign flag productivity competitive assessment was conducted on a case study basis for each of the nine vessel classes. Policy options for corporate management and government based on the productivity analyses were analyzed. Volume 2 presents an overview of the project goals, a detailed discussion of the technical approach to each task area, and suggestions for future research based upon the results of the study. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk carriers KW - Cargo ships KW - Cargo transportation KW - Competition KW - Competitive merchant ships KW - Containerships KW - Databases KW - Deployment KW - Fixed investment KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet requirements KW - Fleet statistics KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Information processing KW - International trade KW - Investments KW - Labor market KW - Labor productivity KW - Market assessment KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Methodology KW - Performance evaluations KW - Productivity KW - Research KW - Resource allocation KW - Shipping KW - Shipping research KW - Statistics KW - Strategic planning KW - United States KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313809 AU - Abram, P AU - Vambery, R AU - ECON, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPETITIVE SHIPPING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM - SHIPPING OPERATIONS RESOURCE ALLOCATION PROJECT. VOLUME IV: APPENDIX-1977 SHIPPING DATA PY - 1979/10 SP - 145 p. AB - The study was performed to analyze the multiple, complex aspects of ship productivity in U.S.-foreign oceanborne trade. The time period studied was 1973-1977 and primary emphasis was placed upon the analysis of the United States flag merchant fleet. A substantial data base was derived containing both ship data and cargo data for five general cargo vessel classes and four bulk vessel classes, and these data were manipulated to yield the principal results. The actual productivities of the U.S. flag ships and the potential productivities if the ships operated at capacity were estimated. The number of ships, crew and amount of fuel required beyond the existing fleet, in order to achieve a target market share, were extimated. A U.S. flag versus foreign flag productivity competitive assessment was conducted on a case study basis for each of the nine vessel classes. Policy options for corporate management and government based on the productivity analyses were analyzed. Volume 4 contains a sample of the intermediate results which were generated over the course of the project. It includes information concerning the derived data bases. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Capitalized costs KW - Cargo transportation KW - Competition KW - Competitive merchant ships KW - Containerships KW - Costs KW - Databases KW - Deployment KW - Fixed investment KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet requirements KW - Fleet statistics KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Information processing KW - International trade KW - Investments KW - Labor market KW - Labor productivity KW - Market assessment KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Performance evaluations KW - Productivity KW - Research KW - Resource allocation KW - Shipping KW - Shipping research KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - United States KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313808 AU - Abram, P AU - Vambery, R AU - ECON, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPETITIVE SHIPPING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM - SHIPPING OPERATIONS RESOURCE ALLOCATION PROJECT. VOLUME III-B: SHIP SUMMARY-BULK CARRIERS PY - 1979/10 SP - 111 p. AB - The study was performed to analyze the multiple, complex aspects of ship productivity in U.S.-foreign oceanborne trade. The time period studied was 1973-1977 and primary emphasis was placed upon the analysis of the United States flag merchant fleet. A substantial data base was derived containing both ship data and cargo data for five general cargo vessel classes and four bulk vessel classes, and these data were manipulated to yield the principal results. The actual productivities of the U.S. flag ships and the potential productivities if the ships operated at capacity were estimated. The number of ships, crew and amount of fuel required beyond the existing fleet, in order to achieve a target market share, were estimated. A U.S. flag versus foreign flag productivity competitive assessment was conducted on a case study basis for each of the nine vessel classes. Policy options for corporate management and government based on the productivity analyses were analyzed. The volume for bulk carriers contains a summary of the methodology, the detailed results and policy implications for the vessels class. Also presented are conclusions and recommendations based upon the productivity results that were generated. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk carriers KW - Capitalized costs KW - Cargo transportation KW - Competition KW - Competitive merchant ships KW - Containerships KW - Costs KW - Databases KW - Deployment KW - Fixed investment KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet requirements KW - Fleet statistics KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Government policies KW - Information processing KW - International trade KW - Investments KW - Labor market KW - Labor productivity KW - Market assessment KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Methodology KW - Performance evaluations KW - Policy KW - Productivity KW - Research KW - Resource allocation KW - Shipping KW - Shipping research KW - Statistics KW - United States KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150686 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310209 AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL CAORF SYMPOSIUM ON MARITIME SIMULATION RESEARCH PY - 1979/10 SP - 330 p. AB - Twenty-eight technical papers provide an overview of present-day maritime industry concerns and of the research performed at the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF), Kings Point, prior to October 1979 and the research planned for 1980 and beyond. Also discussed are applications of simulators for mariner training; for evaluating effectiveness of Automated Radar Plotting Aids; for establishing feasibility of, and operating procedures for, ice-transiting shipping operations; and for developing criteria for various port-design parameters. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Information systems KW - Maneuvering KW - Mathematical models KW - Operations research KW - Pilotage KW - Port operations KW - Ship models KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Training KW - Training courses (Ship handling) KW - Training programs KW - Training simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149117 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00303870 AU - PRC Harris, Incorporated AU - Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority AU - Maritime Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF BULK HANDLING TRANSHIPMENT FACILITY AT THE PORT OF BUFFALO PY - 1979/10 SP - v.p. AB - This report presents the conclusions of market analyses performed by PRC Development Planning to estimate the potential demand for bulk commodity transshipment services at the Port of Buffalo, New York. The study addressed potential utility markets for western coal throughout the Northeast, as well as markets for non-coal bulk transshipment. The approach used in this two-phased analysis incorporated: (1) the development of a computer model that incorporated a set of prototype generating station costs and fuel requirements, least-cost transportation systems, and estimation of potential cost savings that might be derived through the use of western coal for base-load electric power generation (2) the development or acquisition of plant specific characteristics, fuel supply costs, and capital and operating costs for the conversion of oil-fired electric generating plants to coal utilization, based upon eastern and western coal options. This represents detailed analyses of plants and associated transportation routing over a potential market area that consists of the entire Northeastern United States. The basic approach incorporated in this study, however, has been one of using, insofar as possible, concrete data regarding power plant fuel requirements, costs, and anticipated expansion, new construction, or conversion. KW - Analysis KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Bulk cargo terminals KW - Bulk coal KW - Coal KW - Coal terminals KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Fuel costs KW - Fuels KW - Marine terminals KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - New York (State) KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Transportation KW - Transportation costs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145464 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00302289 JO - Maratech PB - Maritime Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE DISTRIBUTION COMPUTER SIMULATION MODEL PY - 1979/10 VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - n.p. AB - The large cutback in domestically produced petroleum in the last few years, compounded by higher import prices and an embargo imposed during the winter of 1973-74 prompted the Department of Energy's Office of Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPRO), in conjunction with MarAd and Ernst & Ernst, to undertake the development of a computerized simulation model that could be used to analyze the complex inter-relationships and the dynamic nature of the various port and inter-port operations required to distribute reserve petroleum. The Model is a versatile tool for studying present and future petroleum import patterns at U.S. ports, as well as analyzing the alternative solutions to problems concerning the realistic and efficient distribution of the strategic reserve. It was designed and implemented using the Simscript II.5 programming language. It is operated in a time-sharing, interactive mode from a remote computer terminal. The specification of all input data and the desired output reports associated with a particular application of the Model is controlled directly from the remote terminal via conversational, i.e., question-and-answer series, programs developed for the user's convenience. The Model is on line in both the MarAd and DOE computer systems. KW - Fuel storage KW - Imports KW - Oil imports KW - Oils KW - Petroleum industry KW - Petroleum trade KW - Port operations KW - Simulation KW - Storage facilities KW - Strategic materials KW - Strategic materials imports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/148323 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00302291 JO - Maratech PB - Maritime Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARINE FIRE FIGHTING DEMONSTRATION PY - 1979/10 VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - n.p. AB - The use of commerical tugs as auxiliary fire boats will be demonstrated in the near future at the port city of St. Louis. A portable fire pump module for temporary mounting on decks, developed as a spinoff of NASA's space technology, is capable of pumping water at any rate up to 2,500 gallons per minute. Weighing less than 3,000 pounds, the unit can be lifted by helicopter or crane onto the deck of various types of boats used in harbors, rivers, and the inland waterway. The module employs an aerospace-type gas turbine system to drive a two-stage pump with an advanced axial inducer impeller capable of providing 22 feet of suction lift from the nearest source of water. It is self-contained and can operate continuously for up to four hours from a self-contained fuel tank utilizing ordinary diesel No. 1 or 2 fuel. The automatic control system provides a continuous range of pressures to match the required flow for straight stream, fog, or foam. Only two persons are required to operate the module which can be set up in fifteen minutes. The development of improved equipment for port city fire protection is an important feature of MarAd's mission to promote the U.S. Flag Merchant Marine and related port city industrial activities. KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Fire boats KW - Fire extinguishing agents KW - Fire fighting equipment KW - Gas turbines KW - Pumps KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/148325 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00302290 JO - Maratech PB - Maritime Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - SPARE PARTS PROVISIONING STUDY. VOLUME II. FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/10 VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - n.p. AB - MarAd announces the availability of a technical report which presents the results of a study to assess the scope of spare parts provisioning, utilization, and control within the maritime industry. The report, prepared by Mystech Associates of Mystic, Connecticut, encompasses both a qualitative and quantitative assessment of spare parts requirements for a typical merchant ship. It includes prevailing maritime industry practices regarding spare parts identification. procurement, inventory, control, and centralized warehousing and pooling. The information contained in the study represents inputs from a significant cross-section of U.S. shipowners/operators of subsidized, non-subsidized and international fleets as well as marine equipment suppliers. KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Machinery KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Spare parts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/148324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648786 AU - Maritime Administration TI - WORKFORCE SUPPLY AND DEMAND STUDY, 1979-1988, FOR THE OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION SUPPORT CRAFT INDUSTRY PY - 1979/09 SP - 32 p. AB - This study was prepared at the request of the offshore mineral, oil and gas exploration support (M&O) industry. It was designed to examine current and future skilled unlicensed and limited licensed workforce supply and demand conditions for the U.S. flag offshore M&O industry. The study is based on the best estimates pertaining to current fleet size and its growth rate; minimum staffing requirements as specified by U.S. Coast Guard regulations; the size and composition of the current and required workforce; entry, upgrading and attrition rates of the current and future workforces; vessel and crew utilization requirements; and, other factors. KW - Demand KW - Manpower availability KW - Offshore personnel KW - Offshore service vessels KW - Supply KW - Supply (Economics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00312197 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - A PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF ISSUES RELATING TO THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF PUBLIC LAW 95-576 ON THE WATERBORNE TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN BULK PY - 1979/09 SP - 40 p. AB - The report is divided into six sections. Sections (1) and (2) contain the Summary and Introduction. The remaining sections cover a preliminary examination of the following issues: (3) Liability Limits and Their Effects Under this task, the different types of liability incurred by domestic waterway operators were examined. Liability limits and any exception to such limitations for spill clean up expenses and third party damages were assessed. (4) Role of Penalties in Spill Prevention. The effectiveness of spill penalties and fees as spill prevention incentives was examined and the role of improved spill prevention plans and other alternatives was evaluated. (5) Insurance Considerations. Current practice in the insurance industry as it relates to coverage of potential liabilities and penalties was examined. The response of the waterway operators to the rising rates for insurance was examined in addition to potential alternative insurance methods. (6) Need for Quantitative Economic Impact Analysis. A work plan was developed to quantitatively analyze the potential impacts of Public Law 95-576 on domestic waterborne transport of hazardous substances. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Hazardous materials) KW - Hazardous materials KW - Hazardous materials transportation KW - Legislation KW - Liability KW - Liability insurance KW - Pollution control KW - Pollution prevention KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Spills (Pollution) KW - Transportation KW - Water pollution KW - Waterway pollution prevention KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150147 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313504 AU - Steinman, G C AU - Guerin, M P AU - Longe, J P AU - Montfort, C L AU - Inter-governmental Maritime Consultative Org AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON FEASIBILITY STUDY ON RECEPTION FACILITIES FOR SELECTED PORTS IN A SPECIAL AREA - MEDITERRANEAN. VOLUME III. REPORTS ON THE COUNTRIES AND PORTS VISITED: LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA, MALTA, MOROCCO, SPAIN, SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC, TUNISIA, TURKEY, YUGOSLAVIA PY - 1979/09 SP - 254 p. AB - The report covers a joint IMCO/UNEP study of 73 ports in the Mediterranean Sea to determine the need for reception facilities in these ports for handling oily wastes from ships. The objective of the study was to provide assistance to countries in the Mediterranean Sea to meet the requirements for reception facilities in special areas as prescribed under Regulation 12 of Annex I of the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from ships. This report presents detailed information on ports in Libya, Malta, Morocco, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey and Yugoslavia. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Imco pollution regulations KW - International Maritime Consultative organization KW - Libya KW - Malta KW - Marine terminals KW - Mediterranean Sea KW - Morocco KW - Oil spills KW - Oily ballast water KW - Pollution KW - Pollution control KW - Pollution prevention KW - Port operations KW - Port pollution KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Regulations KW - Seaports KW - Spain KW - Syria KW - Tunisia KW - Turkey KW - Waste disposal KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality management KW - Yugoslavia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313502 AU - Steinman, G C AU - Guerin, M P AU - Longe, J P AU - Montfort, C L AU - Inter-governmental Maritime Consultative Org AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON FEASIBILITY STUDY ON RECEPTION FACILITIES FOR SELECTED PORTS IN A SPECIAL AREA - MEDITERRANEAN. VOLUME I. GENERAL PY - 1979/09 SP - 99 p. AB - The report covers a joint IMCO/UNEP study of 73 ports in the Mediterranean Sea to determine the need for reception facilities in these ports for handling oily wastes from ships. The objective of the study was to provide assistance to countries in the Mediterranean Sea to meet the requirements for reception facilities in special areas as prescribed under Regulation 12 of Annex I of the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from ships. Certain ecologically sensitive regions, such as the Mediterranean Sea have been designated by the 1973 Convention as 'special areas' in which any discharge of oil into the sea is prohibited. The provision of adequate reception facilities in the 'special areas' is one of the critical requirements toward achieving the goal of the 1973 Conventions, i.e. complete elimination of intentional pollution and the minimization of accidental spills. The report is published in three volumes; Vol. I - General, contains general observations and recommendations. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Imco pollution regulations KW - International Maritime Consultative organization KW - Marine terminals KW - Mediterranean Sea KW - Oil spills KW - Oily ballast water KW - Pollution KW - Pollution control KW - Pollution prevention KW - Port operations KW - Port pollution KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Regulations KW - Seaports KW - Waste disposal KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150607 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313503 AU - Steinman, G C AU - Guerin, M P AU - Longe, J P AU - Montfort, C L AU - Inter-governmental Maritime Consultative Org AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON FEASIBILITY STUDY ON RECEPTION FACILITIES FOR SELECTED PORTS IN A SPECIAL AREA - MEDITERRANEAN. VOLUME II. REPORTS ON THE COUNTRIES AND PORTS VISITED: ALGERIA, CYPRUS, EGYPT, FRANCE, GREECE, ISRAEL, ITALY PY - 1979/09 SP - 232 p. AB - The report covers a joint IMCO/UNEP study of 73 ports in the Mediterranean Sea to determine the need for reception facilities in these ports for handling oily wastes from ships. The objective of the study was to provide assistance to countries in the Mediterranean Sea to meet the requirements for reception facilities in special areas as prescribed under Regulation 12 of Annex I of the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from ships. This report presents detailed information on ports in Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Israel and Italy. KW - Algeria KW - Cyprus KW - Egypt KW - Environmental impacts KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Greece KW - Imco pollution regulations KW - International Maritime Consultative organization KW - Israel KW - Italy KW - Marine terminals KW - Mediterranean Sea KW - Oil spills KW - Oily ballast water KW - Pollution KW - Pollution control KW - Pollution prevention KW - Port operations KW - Port pollution KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Regulations KW - Seaports KW - Waste disposal KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150608 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308599 AU - HEMLEY, E A AU - National Committee on Intl Trade Documentation AU - Maritime Administration TI - CARGO DATA INTERCHANGE SYSTEM (CARDIS). PILOT TEST PY - 1979/09 SP - 96 p. AB - CARDIS is a concept for a system to connect all parties to an international shipment using the latest concepts in computer and electronic computer communication The Pilot Test was conducted from February through June 1979 paralleling actual export documentation from domestic locations to Rotterdam, Bremen, Yokohama, and Tokyo with a total of about 1,500 electronic documents having been prepared and transmitted for seven shippers, three U.S.-flag ocean carriers, and two freight forwarders. Overall, the test was successful in demonstrating the feasibility and advantages of the system concept. Changes recommended include the capabilities for computer-to-computer data entry, historical files, statistics, Shipper's Export Declaration, improved security, and additional documents. KW - Cargo information systems KW - Communications satellites KW - Computerized cargo data KW - Data communications KW - Freight documents KW - Freight traffic KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Physical distribution KW - Satellite communication KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144956 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308600 AU - Junnarkar, N V AU - Farrell Lines Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - EXPORT BOOKING AND BILLING SYSTEM (EBBS). FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/09 SP - n.p. AB - EBBS is an on-line shipping information processing system using mini computers. It operates and controls local/remote network of terminals for real time data entry and retrieval at high speed. It serves the needs of Traffic Control, Booking, Documentation and Marine Terminal operations with minimum paper flow or transcriptions. It generates Booking Confirmations and Due Bills in real time and the reports for planning/control in batch mode. DEBS is a separte on-line network for real-time processing of Arrival Notices/Bills from incoming manifests. Also it updates Marine Terminal Control System database. KW - Analysis KW - Bills of lading KW - Cargo booking KW - Freight documents KW - Freight traffic KW - Information processing KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Information systems KW - Microprocessor applications KW - Microprocessors KW - Scheduling KW - Terminal operations KW - Traffic analysis (Freight) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650828 AU - P'an, C AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - PLAYBACK TAPE DATA REDUCTION PORCEDURE USER'S GUIDE (SEGMNT AND STRIP) PY - 1979/08 SP - 16 p. AB - The playback tape data reduction procedure describes a process, using simulation data as input, for calculating certain own-ship variables within each section (i.e., straight leg or turn) of a channel divided into certain predesigned segments. The two main programs involved are SEGMNT, which calculates the own ship variables, and STRIP, which provides input for SEGMNT. STRIP reads tapes from simulation runs and produces one disk file per run for SEGMNT. SEGMNT then reads these files, calculates the variables, prints them out, and builds a disk file. This file can be utilized for further analysis routines. KW - Caorf KW - Computer programs KW - Data reduction KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Manuals KW - Procedures KW - Segmnt (Computer program) KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Software KW - Strip (Computer program) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392183 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314296 AU - Leeper, J AU - Simat, Helliesen and Eichner, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES TRAFFIC AND COMPETITION STUDY. VOLUME III: APPENDICES PY - 1979/08 SP - 275 p. AB - Volume of Appendices A-J clarify and supplement the basic analysis. These appendices range from summary analyses to statistical tables and charts. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Commodities KW - Commodity flow KW - Commodity flow patterns KW - Commodity statistics KW - Common carriers KW - Competition KW - Economic analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - International trade KW - Market assessment KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Markets KW - Modal split KW - Origin and destination KW - Planning KW - Ports KW - Saint Lawrence Seaway KW - Sea lanes KW - Shippers KW - Shipping KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Traffic managers KW - Transportation modes KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150909 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314295 AU - Leeper, J AU - Simat, Helliesen and Eichner, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES TRAFFIC AND COMPETITION STUDY. VOLUME II: FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/08 SP - 239 p. AB - The primary objective of the Great Lakes Traffic and Competition Study is to recommend a two-part program of (1) marketing initiatives and (2) institutional changes that can be employed by the Great Lakes maritime community in improving the market share performance of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway Systems. In meeting the primary objective of a two-part action program, a number of secondary objectives are addressed. These include the definition of a Great Lakes hinterland, the creation of domestic and international commodity flow data bases, the identification of shipper/consignee routing criteria, and the impact of least-cost competition and market/institutional factors on market share. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Commodities KW - Commodity flow KW - Commodity flow patterns KW - Commodity statistics KW - Common carriers KW - Competition KW - Economic analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - International trade KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Markets KW - Modal split KW - Origin and destination KW - Planning KW - Ports KW - Saint Lawrence Seaway KW - Sea lanes KW - Shippers KW - Shipping KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Traffic managers KW - Transportation modes KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150908 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314294 AU - Walker, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES TRAFFIC AND COMPETITION STUDY. VOLUME 1 - EXECUTIVE REPORT PY - 1979/08 SP - 19 p. AB - The overall program is designed to improve the capabilities and market share performance of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway systems. The study focuses on the traditional 19-State Great Lakes region, stratifying the States into high-, medium-, and split-penetration areas. To meet the primary objective, the study also creates domestic and international commodity flow data bases, identifies shipper/consignee routing criteria, and examines the impact of least-cost competition and market/institutional factors (stimuli) on market share. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Commodities KW - Commodity flow KW - Commodity flow patterns KW - Commodity statistics KW - Common carriers KW - Competition KW - Economic analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - International trade KW - Market assessment KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Markets KW - Modal split KW - Origin and destination KW - Planning KW - Ports KW - Saint Lawrence Seaway KW - Sea lanes KW - Shippers KW - Shipping KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Traffic managers KW - Transportation modes KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150907 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313438 AU - Hillberg, E T AU - Fairchild Stratos Division AU - Maritime Administration TI - OFFSHORE TERMINALLING INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1979/08 SP - 84 p. AB - This report describes the work accomplished during Phases A and B of a four phase program designed to develop useful correlation between the design characteristics of open sea cargo terminal and visiting vessel dynamics as developed by computer analysis, model testing and/or full scale terminal/vessel testing. Open sea mooring and cargo transfer characteristics were of primary concern. The study determined that additional basic research is required before meaningful results pertaining to the program objective could be obtained. It also introduces a proprietary controlled mooring concept, and recommends that a program be structured to bring this advancement in the state-of-the-art mooring and cargo transfer concept to the commercial market. KW - Analysis KW - Computer aided analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs | Offshore moorings KW - Heaving KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Instrumentation | Offshore structures KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Marine terminals KW - Model basins KW - Model testing KW - Model tests KW - Moorings KW - Ocean waves KW - Offshore moorings KW - Offshore structures KW - Offshore terminals KW - Pitch (Dynamics) KW - Pitch (Dynamics) KW - Structural design KW - Terminal design KW - Terminal facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150583 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308596 AU - Fiorenza, V AU - Moore McCormack Lines, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - PURCHASING, INVENTORY, AND COST CONTROL SYSTEM, EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND INDEX PY - 1979/08 SP - 16 p. AB - This report describes the development and use by Moore McCormack Lines of a computerized system (PICCS) to assist in performing the functions of purchasing, inventory, and cost control. For the most part, these functions were previously performed manually. Each of the PICCS subsystems are described as well as how the system provides the required services to its user organizations. Under the provisions of Moore McCormack Lines contract with the Maritime Administration, the computer programs and detailed documentation are available to any U.S.-flag operator for a nominal one-time royalty fee. KW - Automation KW - Cost control KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Inventory control KW - Shipping KW - Shipping operations information systems KW - Spare parts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144954 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308453 AU - Bodziony, R J AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES REGION NEW VENTURE WORKSHOPS. TUG-BARGE TRADE OPPORTUNITIES PY - 1979/08 SP - 41 p. AB - The report is a summary of three workshops held on the subject of tug-barge trade opportunities with maritime industry representatives. Workshops were hosted by the Maritime Administration's Great Lakes Region Office to spur interest in the use of tug-barge systems on the Great Lakes based on a review of 1977 commodity statistical data. The primary conclusion of the workshops was that the market that requires the use of tugbarge systems must be specifically identified before further possible Research and Development efforts are expended. The recommendation of the workshops to accomplish this was to establish "ad hoc committees" comprised of port authorities, industries and government representatives to identify potential shippers by commodity and tonnage and market the use of tug-barge systems to these shippers indicating the fuel efficiency and potential cost savings available to them. KW - Barges KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Tug barges) KW - Economics KW - Fuel conservation KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - Market assessment KW - Markets KW - Shipping KW - Trade KW - Trade development KW - Tug barge economics KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144895 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650218 AU - Voelker, R P AU - DEBORD, F W AU - Dane, K E AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - OPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF COMMERCIAL ICEBREAKING SHIPS IN WESTERN ALASKAN WATERS BASED ON USCG POLAR CLASS TRAFFICABILITY TEST DATA PY - 1979/07/20 AB - Environmental and ship performance data were collected aboard the USCGC POLAR SEA in April 1979 as part of a two year program to make an operational assessment of the feasibility of a year-round transportation system serving northwestern Alaska. The POLAR SEA successfully operated through the North Bering Sea, Bering Strait, and South Chukchi Sea during this time period. From an analysis of the governing ice conditions and the capability of the ship, it has been concluded that the POLAR class icebreakers have the capability to operate year-round in the North Bering Sea. Three commercial icebreaking ships (MV ARCTIC, SS MANHATTAN, and a proposed Arctic tanker) were also evaluated to determine their ability to successfully operate along potential marine routes in Western Alaska. Volume 1 contains a description of the data collected, an analysis of the data, and an evaluation of the three types of ships. Volume 2 contains the appendices to the report including data summaries, calculations, thickness measurements, and a description of the methods used to classify the data. KW - Alaska KW - Arctic marine transportation KW - Bering Sea KW - Chukchi sea KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice navigation KW - Icebreakers KW - Performance KW - Polar sea (Vessel) KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Trafficability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388927 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313826 AU - Voelker, R P AU - DEBORD, F W AU - Dane, K E AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - OPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF COMMERCIAL ICEBREAKING SHIPS IN WESTERN ALASKAN WATERS, BASED ON APRIL 1979 USCG POLAR CLASS TRAFFICABILITY TEST DATA. VOLUME II PY - 1979/07/20 SP - 115 p. AB - Environmental and ship performance data were collected aboard the USCGC POLAR SEA in April 1979 as part of a two year program to make an operational assessment of the feasibility of a year-round transportation system serving northwestern Alaska. The POLAR SEA successfully operated through the North Bering Sea, Bering Strait, and South Chukchi Sea during this time period. From an analysis of the governing ice conditions and the capability of the ship, it has been concluded that the POLAR Class icebreakers have the capability to operate year-round in the North Bering Sea. Three commercial icebreaking ships (MV ARCTIC, SS MANHATTON, and a proposed Arctic tanker) were also evaluated to determine their ability to successfully operate along potential marine routes in Western Alaska. Volume II contains the appendices to the report including data summaries, calculations, thickness measurements, and a description of the methods used to classify the data. KW - Alaska KW - Arctic operations KW - Arctic Regions KW - Arctic transportation KW - Bering Sea KW - Chukchi sea KW - Cold weather KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Ice navigation KW - Icebreakers KW - Icebreaking KW - Maneuvering KW - Operations KW - Sea ice KW - Ss polar sea KW - Trafficability KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150692 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313825 AU - Voelker, R P AU - DEBORD, F W AU - Dane, K E AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - OPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF COMMERCIAL ICEBREAKING SHIPS IN WESTERN ALASKAN WATERS, BASED ON APRIL 1979 USCG POLAR CLASS TRAFFICABILITY TEST DATA. VOLUME I PY - 1979/07/20 SP - 49 p. AB - Environmental and ship performance data were collected aboard the USCGC POLAR SEA in April 1979 as part of a two year program to make an operational assessment of the feasibility of a year-round transportation system serving northwestern Alaska. The POLAR SEA successfully operated through the North Bering Sea, Bering Strait, and South Chukchi Sea during this time period. From an analysis of the governing ice conditions and the capability of the ship, it has been concluded that the POLAR Class icebreakers have the capability to operate year-round in the North Bering Sea. Three commercial icebreaking ships (MV ARCTIC, SS MANHATTON, and a proposed Arctic tanker) were also evaluated to determine their ability to successfully operate along potential marine routes in Western Alaska. Volume I contains a description of the data collected, an analysis of the data, and an evaluation of the three types of ships. KW - Alaska KW - Arctic operations KW - Arctic Regions KW - Arctic transportation KW - Bering Sea KW - Chukchi sea KW - Cold weather KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Ice navigation KW - Icebreakers KW - Icebreaking KW - Maneuvering KW - Operations KW - Sea ice KW - Ss polar sea KW - Trafficability KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651406 AU - ARINC Research Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - VESSEL IN-PORT LOCATOR SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION CONFERENCE: CONFERENCE REPORT PY - 1979/07/11 SP - 19 p. AB - This report describes the activities that took place at the Vessel In-Port Locator Demonstration Conference, held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland on July 11, 1979. The Conference was sponsored by the Maritime Administration, Office of Port and Intermodal Development. The purpose of the Conference was to bring together members of the maritime community to exchange views on the need for, and benefits to be gained by, a national system for providing accurate and timely information on the in-port location and inter-port, intra-port movement of vessels operating in domestic and international commerce. Discussion of requirements for such a system was stimulated by an on-line demonstration of a prototype vessel in-port locator system developed by ARINC Research Corporation under contract to the Maritime Administration. A description of the prototype demonstration, operating with live data from the ports of New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Portland is provided in this report. KW - Meetings KW - Ports KW - Position reporting systems KW - Vessel movements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392466 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660785 AU - Hoffman, D AU - National Maritime Research Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE USE OF THE SPECTRAL OCEAN WAVE MODEL (SOWM) IN PREDICTING SHIP RESPONSES PY - 1979/07 SP - 38 p. AB - This report points out the need for better ocean wave data for use in ship design, weather routing of ships and day-to-day vessel operation. The Spectral Ocean Wave Model (SOWM) developed by the Navy's Fleet Numerical Weather Central has shown great promise as a means of routinely providing forecast wave spectra for ship operating purposes. After reviewing other work on the evaluation of the SOWM, this report attempts one type of evaluation--the comparison of hull stresses and accelerations measured on the SS LASH ITALIA by its onboard instrumentation with those calculated using directional sea spectra produced by the SOWM and calculated RAOs. KW - Forecasting KW - Lash italia (Vessel) KW - Rao (Response amplitude operators) KW - Ship motion KW - Ship response KW - Sowm (Spectral ocean wave model) KW - Wave data KW - Wave models UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658041 AU - Scales, W C AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - SPREAD SPECTRUM DEMONSTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT, PHASE 1: FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/07 SP - Various p. AB - In order to fulfill the continually increasing communication needs of the maritime community, it will be necessary to examine new alternatives for multiple access on terrestrial and satellite channels. This report summarizes the results of the first phase of an investigation of spread spectrum technique for maritime applications. Potential applications include distress signaling via satellite, remote monitoring of ship performance, and order-wire signaling for future maritime satellite communication systems. The specific approach developed under this contract provides for low power, low data rate transmission through a maritime communications satellite. KW - Distress signals KW - Navigational satellites KW - Performance KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellite communication KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Spread spectrum communications KW - Spread spectrum transmission KW - Transmission UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400147 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318053 AU - Scales, W C AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL SPREAD SPECTRUM MARITIME COMMUNICATION SYSTEM: PHASE I PY - 1979/07 SP - 75 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of the first phase of an investigation of a spread spectrum technique for maritime applications. Potential applications include distress signaling via satellite, remote monitoring of ship performance, and 'orderwire' signaling for future maritime satellite communication systems. The specific approach developed under this contract provides for low power, low data rate transmission through a maritime communications satellite. The receiver designed for this application uses a matched filter based on charge transfer devices. A baseband receiver was demonstrated during the first project phase. The second phase, which is now approaching completion, will encompass extension of the hardware to an intermediate frequency and testing via satellite. KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Communication systems KW - Communications satellites KW - Data communications KW - Distress communications KW - Distress signals KW - Filters KW - Matched filters KW - Monitoring KW - Navigational satellites KW - Radio KW - Radio receivers KW - Radio relay systems KW - Remote monitoring KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellite communication KW - Systems engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155514 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305236 AU - Titcomb, A N AU - Bartley, C B AU - Environmental Research Group, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DISPOSAL OF VESSEL WASTES: SHIPBOARD AND SHORESIDE FACILITIES. PHASE TWO: GRAYWATER PY - 1979/07 SP - 130 p. AB - The study documents present graywater treatment and disposal practices, and evaluates the effects of an extended shipping season on treatment methods, disposal practices and the Great Lakes. "Graywater" refers to wastewater collected from galley, laundry, shower and sinks. The study: (1) characterizes graywater wastes, (2) evaluates shipboard wastewater treatment devices (MSDS), (3) assesses environmental effects of graywater treatment on the Great Lakes, (4) evaluates shoreside disposal facilities and (5) assesses the economic and technical impacts of graywater treatment and retention. The findings of the study are: (1) the composition and generation of graywater exhibit extreme hourly variations, (2) MDSS will not be affected by winter, MSDS can treat graywater to reasonable levels and to secondary treatment standards under optimum operating conditons, (4) retention of combined black and graywater is not feasible because the amount of space required for a holding tank affects a vessel's trim and draft, and the high cost of installation, (5) the eutrophication of the Great Lakes during a normal or winter navigation season will not be accelerated if graywater is treated prior to discharge, (6) the coasts, harbors, and ice-covered waters present the greatest concern for the discharge of vessel graywater. KW - Economic analysis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Great Lakes KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Merchant vessels KW - Sanitation KW - Sewage treatment KW - Sewerage structures KW - Shipboard sewage treatment KW - Ships KW - Vessel wastes KW - Waste discharge management KW - Waste disposal KW - Waste management KW - Waste treatment KW - Wastewater KW - Water pollution KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143888 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302284 AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. IMPORTS VIA MINIBRIDGE PY - 1979/07 SP - n.p. AB - The purpose of this report is to set forth a quantitative data base on minibridge import traffic. It will be seen from the methodology employed for this report, the present statistical methods employed by the Bureau of the Census are not conducive to a report on minibridge export traffic. However, one possible source for a comprehensive imports/exports statistical reporting of minibridge traffic is the 1976 Survey of Domestic and International Transportation of U.S. Foreign Trade. This report includes only the waterborne imports which reflect a difference between the port of unloading and the port of entry. As such, it is assumed that the inland movement was accomplished by rail, this assumption is warranted because of the economics involved in long-haul (transcontinental) rail service versus highway. The report details the actual tonnage and value of four-digit commodities imported from the Far East and Europe on an in-bond basis for the years 1976-1978 inclusive. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo movement KW - Competition KW - Databases KW - Economics KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Import traffic KW - Imports KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Land bridge KW - Minibridge economics KW - Rail marine interface KW - Trade routes KW - Traffic analysis (Freight) KW - Transportation modes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145430 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00300799 AU - Hansen, A G AU - Baham, G J AU - Porricelli, J D AU - Chi Associates Incorporated AU - Engineering Computer Optecnomics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - APPLICABILITY OF SHORESIDE AIR QUALITY EMISSION LAWS TO MERCHANT VESSELS IN PORT PY - 1979/07 SP - 288 p. AB - A review has been completed of the existing rules and regulations for seventeen port areas that apply to the broad classification of industrial power generating equipment to determine their potential impact on the operation of a steam turbine propelled merchant vessel if the rules are expanded to include shipboard power plants. The analysis includes a treatise on shihpboard combustion, a survey of port area emission regulations, the determination of the need for compliance standards, a compliance cost assessment, and the development of emission law variance methodologies. Even though ship emissions are considered insignificant by the study, recommedations are made as follows: 1) a nationwide variance from the local regulations and control of ship stack emissions should be developed, 2) an appropriate federal agency should be selected to regulate ship emissions, 3) an agency should, with international concurrence, develop national regulations for ship emission control that are consistent with both the actual need to reduce vessel emissions and the technical and economic constraints dictated by current marine boiler technology, and 4) until such time as a national variance is established, state-imposed restrictions on local ship emission control can be sought in areas where unreasonable regulations are being applied to ships. KW - Air quality management KW - Exhaust gases KW - Pollution KW - Pollution control KW - Port operations KW - Port pollution KW - Port regulations KW - Regulation KW - Regulations KW - Steam turbine propulsion KW - Steam turbines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/138063 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658551 AU - Tippetts-Abbett-McCarthy, Stratton AU - Maritime Administration TI - MID-AMERICA PORTS STUDY, VOLUME 2: GENERAL APPENDICES PY - 1979/06 SP - Various p. AB - This volume contains six appendices to the main report, volume 1, of the Mid-America Ports Study (see AN 10401): Commodity Group Analysis; Port Facilities Inventory Form; Inland Waterways Fleet Technology; Econometric Forecasts; Commodity Forecast Methodology; and Interstate Compacts in Mid-America and Procedures Governing Civil Works Projects. KW - Commodity classification KW - Commodity flow KW - Economic analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Gulf Intracoastal Waterway KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - Marine terminals KW - Mississippi River KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400200 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304562 AU - Tippetts-Abbett-McCarthy, Stratton AU - Temple, Barker and Sloane, Incorporated AU - Chase Econometric Associates, Incorporated AU - Institute of Public Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - MID-AMERICA PORTS STUDY, VOLUME 1. MAIN REPORT PY - 1979/06 SP - 360 p. AB - The document reports on a study funded jointly by 17 states and the Maritime Administration. Its objective was to: (1) determine historic commodity flow data and project (forecast) trends and quantities to the year 2000, (2) inventory working cargo facilities, (3) estimate current cargo handling capacities, (4) project the handling capacity requirements to service forecast commodity growth to the year 2000, (5) estimate land and capital requirements to install required capacity to the year 2000, (6) estimate possible constraints, and their magnitude, of locks, the user charge, etc., (7) recommend institutional requirements for development. KW - Analysis KW - Barge traffic KW - Barges KW - Cargo facilities KW - Cargo flow KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo transportation KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Commodity flow KW - Commodity flow patterns KW - Competition KW - Development KW - Econometrics KW - Economics KW - Facilities KW - Federal government KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways KW - Inland waterways economics KW - Inland waterways traffic KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - Local government KW - Locks (Waterways) KW - Marine terminals KW - Materials management KW - Planning KW - Port capacity KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - River ports KW - River traffic KW - Rivers KW - State government KW - Trade KW - Traffic analysis (Freight) KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Transportation planning KW - User charges KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143625 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304561 AU - Tippetts-Abbett-McCarthy, Stratton AU - Temple, Barker and Sloane, Incorporated AU - Chase Econometric Associates, Incorporated AU - Institute of Public Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - MID-AMERICA PORTS STUDY EXECUTIVE REPORT: MID-AMERICA'S PORTS PY - 1979/06 SP - 24 p. AB - The document is a briefing report on the major study of ports and cargo facilities on the Mississippi River, its tributaries, the Tennessee-Tombigbee and Gulf Intercoastal waterways. The document contains in summary form the findings of the main report, Volume I. KW - Alabama KW - Analysis KW - Arkansas KW - Barge traffic KW - Barges KW - Cargo facilities KW - Cargo flow KW - Cargo transportation KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Competition KW - Conservation KW - Development KW - Economics KW - Energy KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Illinois KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways KW - Inland waterways economics KW - Inland waterways traffic KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - Iowa KW - Kansas KW - Kentucky KW - Land use KW - Locks (Waterways) KW - Louisiana KW - Marine terminals KW - Minnesota KW - Ohio River KW - Planning KW - Port capacity KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - River ports KW - River traffic KW - Rivers KW - Tombigbee River KW - Trade KW - Traffic analysis (Freight) KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Transportation planning KW - User charges KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143624 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304563 AU - Tippetts-Abbett-McCarthy, Stratton AU - Temple, Barker and Sloane, Incorporated AU - Chase Econometric Associates, Incorporated AU - Institute of Public Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - MID-AMERICA PORTS STUDY. VOLUME 2. GENERAL APPENDIXES PY - 1979/06 SP - 434 p. AB - The document contains the general appendix material to Volume I, Main Report, namely: Appendix A - Commodity Group Analysis (TBS); Appendix B - Port Facilities Inventory Forms (MarAd); Appendix C - Inland Waterway Fleet Technology (TBS); Appendix D - Econometric Forecasts (CEAI); Appendix E - Commodity Forecast Methodology (TBS); and Appendix F - Interstate Compacts in Mid-America and Procedures Governing Civil Works Projects (IPA). KW - Analysis KW - Barge traffic KW - Barges KW - Cargo facilities KW - Cargo flow KW - Cargo transportation KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Commodities KW - Commodity flow KW - Commodity flow patterns KW - Competition KW - Development KW - Econometrics KW - Federal government KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways KW - Inland waterways traffic KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - Local government KW - Marine terminals KW - Planning KW - Port capacity KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - River ports KW - River traffic KW - Rivers KW - Ships KW - State government KW - Trade KW - Traffic analysis (Freight) KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Transportation planning KW - User charges KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143626 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304158 AU - Coverdale and Colpitts AU - Maritime Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - FLORIDA WATERPORT SYSTEMS STUDY. VOLUME III. LAND USE ATLAS PY - 1979/06 SP - 45 p. AB - This supplement provides land uses and land cover maps for 15 port areas of Florida. The aerial photographs, (infrared maps and related text), cover existing natural features and planned land utilization in port vicinity and environmental features for use with Volume II - Environmental Analysis. KW - Aerial photography KW - Aerial phtographs KW - Atlases KW - Development KW - Environment KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Environmental surveys KW - Florida KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Land use KW - Maps KW - Maps (Ports) KW - Marine terminals KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Seaports KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143506 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00301402 AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONTAINER VESSEL CAPACITY IN THE U.S. OCEANBORNE TRADE FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC, 1978 FORECAST PY - 1979/06 SP - 39 p. AB - This study assesses the impact of containerization on the United States oceanborne trades. Specifically, the project was undertaken to do the following: (1) identify the U.S. and foreign container operators on all essential trade routes, (2) quantify the container capacity each operator provides, (3) analyze and quantify these capacities by type of service-full containership, partial containership, RO/RO, LASH, and container (or RO/RO) barge, and (4) analyze and quantify the U.S.-flag participation on each trade route. The report is in three parts. The first deals with the essential trade routes in U.S. foreign trade. The second part is an analysis of the domestic noncontiguous trade. The concluding section contains a projection of anticipated container capacities in foreign and domestic trades for the period 1979-1981. KW - Cargo capacity KW - Cargo compartments KW - Containerization KW - Containerized cargo KW - Containerships KW - Domestic KW - Economic forecasting KW - International trade KW - LASH barges KW - Roll on roll off ships KW - Ship operations KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Trade route statistics KW - Trade routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/141907 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198927 AU - Coverdale and Colpitts AU - Maritime Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - FLORIDA WATERPORT SYSTEMS STUDY. VOLUME II. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS PY - 1979/06 SP - 235 p. AB - This supplement provides an identification and evaluation of pertinent environmental legislation and regulations, and their impact is evaluated for all of the major ports of Florida. KW - Bulk cargo KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Development KW - Economic factors KW - Economic forecasting KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental surveys (Ports) KW - Florida KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Legislation KW - Marine terminals KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Public relations KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Surveys KW - Trade KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89346 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198931 AU - Coverdale and Colpitts AU - Maritime Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - FLORIDA WATERPORT SYSTEMS STUDY. VOLUME VII. MARINE TECHNOLOGY PY - 1979/06 SP - 133 p. AB - This volume contains an assessment of vessel types and respective characteristics in Florida waterborne commerce, and the requirements for port facilities to accommodate the changes resulting from advances in marine technology. There also is provided a forecast of vessels calling at Florida ports categorized by deadweight ton range for the successive five (5) year increments to the year 2000. KW - Analysis KW - Bulk cargo KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Economic factors KW - Economic forecasting KW - Environmental impacts KW - Florida KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Marine terminals KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Public relations KW - Ship characteristics KW - Shipping KW - Shipping forecasts KW - Trade KW - Transportation planning KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89350 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198926 AU - Coverdale and Colpitts AU - Maritime Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - FLORIDA WATERPORT SYSTEMS STUDY. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1979/06 SP - 209 p. AB - This Summary Report presents the key elements of seven technical supplements describing the 27 public waterports of the State of Florida and analyzes them in respect to the current and forecasted demand (to year 2,000) for handling domestic and foreign waterborne commerce. It also assesses technical, economic, environmental and institutional factors affecting port development. It identifies capital requirements for meeting facility needs and makes recommendations concerning the roles that Florida DOT, Florida Ports Council and the U.S. Maritime Administration can play respectively in assisting the public ports of Florida. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Capital investments KW - Cargo handling KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Development KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Economic factors KW - Economic forecasting KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental surveys (Ports) KW - Florida KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Management information systems KW - Marine terminals KW - Port authorities KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Public relations KW - Surveys KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Transportation planning KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89345 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198928 AU - Coverdale and Colpitts AU - Maritime Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - FLORIDA WATERPORT SYSTEMS STUDY. VOLUME IV. PORT PROFILES PY - 1979/06 SP - 391 p. AB - This supplement provides a detailed description of the existing facilities capital improvement program, and organizational structure for the Florida ports. Additionally, regulatory controls are discussed. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Capital investments KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Economic factors KW - Economic forecasting KW - Environmental impacts KW - Florida KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Marine terminals KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Port regulations KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Public relations KW - Regulations KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Trade KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89347 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198930 AU - Coverdale and Colpitts AU - Maritime Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - FLORIDA WATERPORT SYSTEMS STUDY. VOLUME VI. WATERBORNE COMMERCE FORECASTS PY - 1979/06 SP - 223 p. AB - The volume provides forecasts of the Florida imports and exports and bulk by principal commodity types moving as general cargo or in bulk quantities for the respective regions and major ports of the State. There is a detailed discussion of the methodology employed in this forecasting of cargo movements and competitive factors affecting Florida ports. Additionally, there is an extensive evaluation of the Florida cruise traffic potential and constraints as well a forecast of passenger movements through Florida ports. KW - Analysis KW - Bulk cargo KW - Cargo movement KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Economic factors KW - Economic forecasting KW - Environmental impacts KW - Exports KW - Florida KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Imports KW - Marine terminals KW - Port capacity KW - Port traffic KW - Public relations KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Traffic analysis (Freight) KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89349 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198929 AU - Coverdale and Colpitts AU - Maritime Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - FLORIDA WATERPORT SYSTEMS STUDY. VOLUME V. THROUGHPUT CAPACITY PY - 1979/06 SP - 171 p. AB - This volume provides the cargo handling capabilities of the major ports of Florida in terms of short tons per year for general cargo, dry bulk and liquid bulk commodities. It also provides the methodology by which these capabilities were calculated. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Cargo capacity KW - Cargo compartments KW - Cargo handling KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Economic factors KW - Economic forecasting KW - Environmental impacts KW - Florida KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Marine terminals KW - Port capacity KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Public relations KW - Trade KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89348 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198932 AU - Coverdale and Colpitts AU - Maritime Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - FLORIDA WATERPORT SYSTEMS STUDY. VOLUME VIII. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS PY - 1979/06 SP - 54 p. AB - This volume deals with the application of a computerized management information system to port and marine terminal operations. The functions and components of a management information system are described, and examples of potential applications and benefits are suggested. KW - Bulk cargo KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs (Information systems) KW - Economic factors KW - Economic forecasting KW - Environmental impacts KW - Florida KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Information systems KW - Management information systems KW - Marine terminals KW - Port operations KW - Public relations KW - Trade KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89351 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308597 AU - Fox, J B AU - Lykes Brothers Steamship Company, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - EQUIPMENT CONTROL SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/05 SP - n.p. AB - This report describes the technical and operational features of a computerized system to control the use of container, chassis and barge equipment by Lykes Brothers Steamship Company. This project included the design, development, implementation, operation, and evaluation of the Equipment Control System. Lykes estimates a savings of up to 10 percent of equipment lease costs and an improved utilization of container equipment up to 15 percent. The report includes a discussion of the computer hardware and software utilized and the user's perspective following the initial operating period. KW - Barge transportation systems KW - Barges KW - Container control KW - Containerization KW - Containers KW - Control systems KW - Equipment leasing KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Shipping KW - Shipping operations information systems KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00301401 AU - Maritime Administration TI - POTENTIAL FOR MEXICAN OIL AND NATURAL GAS IMPORTS PY - 1979/05 SP - 52 p. AB - Although Mexico currently supplied about 5 percent of total U.S. crude oil imports, it has the potential of becoming a major supplier. Oil imports from Mexico are now transported exclusively by tanker. For the latest available year, 1977, vessels of seventeen flags carried U.S. oil imports from Mexico. Only 1.3 percent was carried on U.S.-flag vessels. Unless the oil is destined for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, there is no legal requirement to use U.S.-flag vessels. If the United States were to enter into an oil swap agreement with Japan and Mexico, there could be a substantial negative impact on the demand for U.S.-flag tankers. Under such a proposal, the United States would export a portion of Alaskan North Slope oil to Japan, and import an equal amount of crude from the East Coast of Mexico. For every 100,000 bpd that are exported to Japan and imported from Mexico on foreign-flag vessels, approximately three large U.S.-flag tankers and six smaller U.S.-flag vessels now carrying oil from Alaska to the U.S. Gulf Coast by way of Panama, would lack alternative employment. More than 550 U.S. seagoing jobs would be eliminated. In the future, crude imports from Mexico to the United States might be transported by pipeline. In the interim, some tanker tonnage would be required to transport Mexican petroleum, although not enough to stimulate significant demand for U.S.-flag tankers. KW - Competition KW - Crude oil KW - Crude oil imports KW - Demand KW - Economic forecasting KW - Foreign KW - Imports KW - International competition KW - Mexico KW - Oil imports KW - Oil tankers KW - Oils KW - Petroleum industry KW - Petroleum trade KW - Tanker demand KW - Tankers KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/141906 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00301639 AU - Prudential Lines, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBOARD MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR SYSTEM-STEAM PLANT PROTOTYPE PY - 1979/05 SP - 167 p. AB - MarAd announces the availability of a technical report which describes the development and evaluation of a steam-turbine plant prototype. Using the basic system design and the diesel plant prototype developed under an earlier MarAd contract and inputs from ship operators, the steam plant prototype was developed, installed, and evaluated on the LASH TURKIYE of Prudential Lines, Inc. The system is comprised of a program of preventive maintenance actions for the engineering plant, lighter crane and deck machinery, together with management aids for planning, scheduling, and recording maintenance, reporting casualties and repairs, requesting shore work, and maintaining inventory control of spare parts. KW - Auxiliary machinery KW - Deck machinery KW - Decks (Ships) KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel maintenance KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Machinery KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Schedules KW - Spare parts KW - Steam power plants KW - Steam turbine maintenance KW - Steam turbines KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00301400 AU - Manalytics, Incorporated TI - THE IMPACT OF BILATERAL SHIPPING AGREEMENTS IN THE U.S. LINER TRADES PY - 1979/05 SP - 92 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop quantitative measures of the impact of bilateral shipping agreements--including cargo reservation and revenue pooling--on the commerce, carriers and shippers in the U.S.-foreign trade. Theoretical work on the issue presumes that bilateralism is a form of intercarrier cooperation which increases carrier certainty and control of operations, and reduces carrier risk, by providing a substantial guarantee that a relatively certain and substantial share of the cargo and the cargo revenue will accure to the cooperating carriers. The potential drawback is that such a market, with lessened competitive pressures, might work to the disadvantage of the shipper, in terms of deteriorated or less innovative service and/or in terms of higher freight rates. On the other hand, it is possible that the better match of capacity to cargo, higher utilization and service innovations that might be achieved by the carriers might then also benefit shippers, in that cost savings would be passed along to the consumers of shipping services. These opposing conjectures can be answered only by empirical case studies such as this one--a time-series and cross-sectional study of bilateralism in the U.S. trade with Brazil during the period 1967-1976. KW - Brazil KW - Conference operations KW - Cooperation KW - Dry bulk cargo KW - Dry cargo movements KW - Economics KW - Freight rates KW - Freight traffic KW - Imports KW - International KW - International compacts KW - International trade KW - Liner shipping KW - Rates KW - Shipping KW - Shipping conferences KW - Shipping economics KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - Trade statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/141905 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198646 AU - Jackson, RHF AU - Collier, R S AU - Haber, S AU - Tryon, P V AU - National Engineering Laboratory AU - Maritime Administration TI - CUSTODY TRANSFER SYSTEMS FOR LNG-SHIPS: TANK SURVEY TECHNIQUES AND SOUNDING TABLES PY - 1979/05 SP - 84 p. AB - Static measurements of liquefied natural gas (LNG) for custody transfer purposes require an accurate and precise knowledge of the container volume and the volume-height relationship. The extremely low temperatures of LNG (less than 150K) preclude in situ surveys; however, the increasing value of the cargo requires more precise and accurate measurements than previously used for bulk marine cargoes. A description and assessment of the application of photogrammetric techniques to the ambient temperature survey of a 35-meter diameter spherical aluminum container are presented. Sample sounding tables (height-volume) are calculated, and an estimate of error is given. KW - Analytical photogrammetry KW - Calibration KW - Cryogenic materials KW - Cryogenic materials storage KW - Cryogenics KW - Custody KW - Custody transfer KW - Gas analysis KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Lng metering KW - Mathematical models KW - Measurement KW - Photogrammetry KW - Storage facilities KW - Storage tanks KW - Tables (Data) KW - Tank gaging KW - Tank instrumentation KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89227 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197158 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARAD 78 PY - 1979/05 SP - 115 p. AB - This annual report of the Maritime Administration covers fiscal year 1978. The report describes in detail the Agency's efforts in (1) shipbuilding, (2) ship operation, (3) domestic operations, (4) market development, (5) port and intermodal development, (6) research and development, (7) the marine environment and energy conservation, (8) maritime manpower, (9) national security, (10) international activities and (11) administration. KW - Cooperation KW - Development KW - Domestic shipping policies KW - Domestic transportation KW - Energy conservation KW - Environment KW - International KW - International compacts KW - Labor market KW - Marine environment KW - Maritime research KW - Market development KW - Oceans KW - Policy KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Ship operations KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651295 AU - Peach (R.W.) Engineering Associates AU - Maritime Administration TI - STUDY ON SHIP RADII OF GYRATION PY - 1979/04 SP - Various p. AB - The object of this study was to develop a computer program that would, using typical ship weight estimate data, calculate the ship's radii of gyration and weight per foot of ship length. This program was checked against a hand calculation of radii of gyration for a barge. Then three typical ships were run using the program. The results of the three ships indicates that the roll radii of gyration have been overestimated in the past, using the rule of thumb value, and slightly underestimating the pitch and yaw values of radii of gyration. The weight per foot is given as a table of weights for every foot of ship length. KW - Computer programs KW - Radii KW - Recommendations KW - Ship motion KW - Ships by size KW - Wedrog (Computer program) KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656097 AU - Eda, H AU - DeBord, F AU - Stevens Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF THE MANEUVERING CHARACTERISTICS OF GREAT LAKES SHIPS IN CRITICAL CHANNELS, PHASE 1 PY - 1979/04 SP - 61 p. AB - Results of the first phase of this study are presented relative to a two-phase program in which the maneuvering characteristics of Great Lakes ships in critical channels were to be examined. The purpose of the first phase was to identify specific problem situations in terms of channels, vessel types, design variables and operational variables. Results obtained in the Phase 1 study include data collected through interviews with personnel from industry, analyses of the physical characteristics of waterways, traffic level projections, and analysis of historical damage records. Recommendations concerning the Phase 2 program are also included in this report relative to model tests, full-scale trials, and digital simulation studies. KW - Great Lakes KW - Maneuverability KW - Restricted waters KW - Saint Lawrence Seaway UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398293 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308408 AU - Eda, H AU - DeBor, F W AU - Stevens Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF THE MANEUVERING CHARACTERISTICS OF GREAT LAKES SHIPS IN CRITICAL CHANNELS. PART 1 PY - 1979/04 SP - 61 p. AB - Results of the first phase of this study are presented relative to a two-phase program in which the maneuvering characteristics of Great Lakes ships in critical channels will be examined. The purpose of the first phase was to identify specific problem situations in terms of channels, vessel types, design variables and operational variables. Results obtained in the Phase I study include data collected through interviews with personnel from industry, analyses of the physical characteristics of waterways, traffic level projections, and analysis of historical damage records. Specific problem situations are identified in terms of channels, vessel types, and variables. Recommendations concerning the Phase II program are also included in this report relative to model tests, full-scale trials, and digital simulation studies. KW - Channel traffic KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways KW - Inland waterways navigation KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - Inland waterways vessels KW - Maneuvering KW - Narrow channel navigation KW - Ship pilotage KW - Shipping KW - Water traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144870 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196207 AU - Ernst and Ernst AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY FOR BULK COMMODITY TRANSFER FACILITIES IN THE GREAT LAKES TRADE AREA PY - 1979/04 SP - 600 p. AB - This report deals with the identification and assessment of productivity problems of dry bulk (except grain) transfer facilities in the Great Lakes area. It was undertaken in 1978 partially in response to a high priority need expressed at the U.S. Great Lakes--Seaway Port Development and Shipper Conference in Dearborn, Michigan, in 1976. The study was conceived as a parallel effort to the Great Lakes Cooperative Port Planning Study to which it provides input. The report covers the following areas; Bulk commodity movements; Inventory of transfer facilities; New transfer facility technology; Determination of representative transfer costs; Alternative improvement analysis; and Recommendations for improvement. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Bulk cargo terminals KW - Bulk carriers KW - Bulk coal KW - Bulk ore KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Cargo movement KW - Coal KW - Costs KW - Freight transportation KW - Great Lakes KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Marine terminals KW - Materials management KW - Ores KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Productivity KW - Terminal facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/87971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651450 AU - Voelker, R P AU - DEBORD, F W AU - Dane, K E AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SS MANHATTAN ARCTIC MARINE PROJECT: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/03/12 SP - 116 p. AB - During the period 1968-71, Exxon, Arco, and BP participated in a project to determine the feasibility of transporting Alaskan North Slope crude oil via icebreaking tankers. Numerous studies and noteworthy accomplishments resulted from the program including the SS MANHATTAN icebreaking tests, the North Slope terminal design, an extensive collection of environmental data, and a feasibility design of an Arctic tanker. The operational and technical data was released to the Maritime Administration for dissemination to the U.S. maritime community. This executive summary gives a brief history and overview of the project. It includes abstracts of all reports released, a description of support documentation, and a description of the raw data that was collected. KW - Arctic marine transportation KW - Bibliographies KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Ice conditions KW - Ice navigation KW - Icebreakers KW - Manhattan (Ship) KW - Prototype tests KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Tankers KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656960 AU - Bechtel, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - ARCTIC TERMINAL FOR ICEBREAKING TANKERS, CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/03 SP - Various p. AB - This report presents the conceptual design for a marine terminal located at Wainwright, on the northwest coast of Alaska, to transfer crude oil to 250,000 dwt icebreaking, or ice-strengthened tankers on a year-round basis. The purpose was to determine the approximate cost of such a terminal as a preliminary guide for use in long range planning by Federal and state agencies, as well as by commercial firms having interests in the area. The site is situated to serve potential oil fields in northwest Alaska, the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, or offshore wells under the relatively near shore parts of the Chukchi Sea. The initial throughput capacity is 500,000 barrels per day with phased expansion up to 2,000,000 bpd. The terminal in the first phase consists of a single offshore mooring tower in 120 feet of water about 5 miles offshore connected by buried pipeline to an onshore facility with 5.2 million barrel storage capacity for oil. The final phase consists of three offshore towers and a total of 10.4 million barrel oil storage capacity. KW - Alaska KW - Analysis KW - Arctic oil KW - Arctic Regions KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Fuel storage KW - Icebreakers KW - Marine terminals KW - Offshore drilling platforms KW - Offshore oil industry KW - Oil transfer KW - Storage facilities KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400032 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308461 AU - Abolfathi, F AU - Keynon, G AU - Harvey, W AU - Ibrahim, I AU - Royanian, S AU - CACI, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARKET ASSESSMENT FOR TRANSPORTATION OF TRADE WITH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. VOLUME II: RESEARCH FINDINGS PY - 1979/03 SP - 175 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to provide information to support long-range planning by U.S. flag operators, including ten-year forecasts of U.S.-LDC (Less-Developed Countries), trade flows (1977-1987) to estimate the likely size of future markets, and a review of trade-relevant service and competitive conditions that are likely to affect future maritime service to LDC's. The analysis focuses on 111 less-developed countries. Volume II contains the research findings and presents the major components from each phase of the study in a form accessible to a wide range of readers. Materials are collected and organized by major world areas, subdivided by regions and again by countries. KW - Developing countries KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic forecasting KW - Economics KW - International KW - International trade KW - International transportation KW - Long range planning KW - Market assessment KW - Shipping KW - Shipping economics KW - Shipping trends KW - Trade KW - Trade development KW - Trade forecasts KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144902 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198645 AU - Lewis, A E AU - Bechtel Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - ARCTIC TERMINAL FOR ICEBREAKING TANKERS STUDY CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PY - 1979/03 SP - 245 p. AB - This report presents the conceptual design for a marine terminal located at Wainwright, on the northwest coast of Alaska, to transfer crude oil to 250,000 dwt icebreaking, or ice strengthened tankers on a year around basis. The purpose was to determine the approximate cost of such a terminal as a preliminary guide for use in long range planning by Federal and state agencies, as well as by commercial firms having interests in the area. The site is situated to serve potential oil fields in northwest Alaska, the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, or offshore wells under the relatively near shore parts of the Chukchi Sea. The initial throughput capacity is 500,000 barrels per day with phased expansion up to 2,000,000 bpd. The terminal in the first phase consists of a single offshore mooring tower in 120 feet of water about 5 miles offshore connected by buried pipeline to an on shore facility with 5.2 million barrel storage capacity for oil. The final phase consists of three offshore towers and a total of 10.4 million barrel oil storage capacity. KW - Alaska KW - Analysis KW - Arctic oil transportation KW - Arctic Regions KW - Arctic terminals KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuel storage KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Icebreakers KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transfer KW - Marine terminals KW - Moorings KW - Offshore structures KW - Offshore terminals KW - Oil transfer systems KW - Petroleum KW - Petroleum industry KW - Petroleum terminals KW - Petroleum trade KW - Pipeline terminals KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Storage facilities KW - Structural design KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Terminal design KW - Terminal facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89226 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196484 AU - Winkler, M F AU - Meulengracht, P V AU - Maritime Administration AU - Seaworthy Engine Systems, Incorporated TI - THE INFLUENCE OF FUEL QUALITY ON THE PERFORMANCE, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE OF DIESEL PROPULSION ENGINES PY - 1979/03 SP - 186 p. AB - MarAd has made available a technical report which examines the influence of fuel quality on the performance, operation, and maintenance of medium speed and low speed diesel propulsion engines. The use of different commercial blends of marine fuel oil in both types of diesel engines is reviewed, and the influence of fuel quality is examined for the main diesel engine and major support systems. Fuel quality and the required fuel conditioning must be considered together to determine the total impact on the diesel. Load factor, lube oil system, and engine operating temperatures are other major contributing system factors evaluated in the study. An economic evaluation of the influence of fuel quality on the diesel engine is also included. KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel lubrication KW - Diesel maintenance KW - Diesel operation KW - Diesel performance KW - Economic analysis KW - Engine load variation KW - Engine operation KW - Fuel composition KW - Fuel oils KW - Fuel quality KW - Lubricating oils KW - Lubrication KW - Medium speed diesels KW - Performance KW - Slow speed diesels KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Vehicle operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88116 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192370 AU - Abolfathi, F AU - Keynon, G AU - Harvey, W AU - Ibrahim, I AU - Royanian, S AU - CACI, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARKET ASSESSMENT FOR TRANSPORTATION OF TRADE WITH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. VOLUME I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/03 SP - 27 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to provide information to support long-range planning by U.S. flag operators, including ten-year forecasts of U.S.-LDC (less-developed countries), trade flows (1977-1987) to estimate the likely size of future markets, and a review of trade-relevant service and competitive conditions that are likely to affect future maritime service to LDC's. The analysis focuses on 111 less-developed countries. Volume I provides a condensed review of the overall study and highlights from the research findings. KW - Assessments KW - Cargo transportation KW - Commodities KW - Commodity statistics KW - Demand KW - Developing countries KW - Economic development KW - Economic forecasting KW - Exports KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Forecasting KW - Freight transportation KW - Imports KW - International trade KW - Long range planning KW - Market assessment KW - Market research KW - Market surveys KW - Market value KW - Ships KW - Statistics KW - Strategic planning KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Transportation KW - Transports ships KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83191 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650836 AU - Hammell, T J AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - VALIDATION OF MATE BEHAVIOR ON CAORF PY - 1979/02 SP - 53 p. AB - Validation of the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) is necessary to ensure that research findings at CAORF have a positive relationship to those found at sea. Of the three validation areas identified (hardware, perception/information processing, and behavioral activity), this effort concentrated on the third. Mates participated in three CAORF scenarios developed from actual at-sea situations; behavior on CAORF and at sea was found to be similar. The predominant difference was a substantial learning effect when the mates were initially placed in the CAORF situation. CAORF and at-sea collision avoidance data (e.g. CPA) were compared on a limited basis. Although more cautious performance was exhibited by the mates on CAORF, CAORF and at-sea performance was similar. The findings support the validity of CAORF. More detailed investigations are required to document the relationships between mate behavior on CAORF and at-sea. KW - Behavior KW - Caorf KW - Deck officers KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Validation KW - Watchkeeping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198604 AU - Bartley, C B AU - Leininger, E M AU - Titcomb, A N AU - Environmental Research Group, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DISPOSAL OF VESSEL WASTES: SHIPBOARD AND SHORESIDE FACILITIES. PHASE ONE: BLACKWATER PY - 1979/02 SP - 245 p. AB - The existing technical solutions to blackwater waste disposal problems of Great Lakes commercial vessels were defined and documented by conducting a survey of ship and port operators. The problems, posed by winter conditions to the operation and performance of waste disposal facilities were examined and analyzed for a projected winter navigation season. Shoreside disposal facilities were inventoried for number, type, limitations, winter weather problems and technical solutions to these problems. Shipboard facilities, marine sanitation devices, were evaluated for treatment performance and operation under general and winter conditions. The effects of blackwater treated by marine sanitation devices on the Great Lakes ecosystem were evaluated for short and long term impacts during an extended as well as normal navigation season. Various state and federal blackwater disposal regulations were discussed and the economic effects of these regulations on ship operations were evaluated for each type of treatment, with special attention given to holding tank design and costs. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo ships KW - Coasts KW - Cold weather KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Gt. lakes) KW - Economic factors KW - Evaluation KW - Great Lakes KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Holding tanks KW - Operations KW - Regulations KW - Seasons KW - Sewage holding tanks KW - Sewage treatment KW - Sewage treatment systems KW - Shipboard sewage treatment KW - Ships KW - Surveys KW - Tanks (Containers) KW - Waste disposal KW - Waste treatment KW - Water pollution KW - Water transportation KW - Winter UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89209 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00194726 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated TI - EVALUATION OF A DOMESTIC CONTAINER FEEDER SERVICE ON THE ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST--FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/02 SP - v.p. AB - The U.S. Maritime Administration and Sea-Land Service, Inc., jointly undertook this study of a coastwise shipping service in the U.S. Gulf and East Coasts. The service investigated was one that would have the potential to handle domestic cargo in coastwise movement, and international relay cargo from secondary ports to load center ports. To accomplish the goals of the study, seven work elements were performed: (1) Definition of potential market; (2) Analysis of service requirements and competitive factors; (3) Definition of candidate Systems; (4) Evaluation of market penetration; (5) Cost analysis; (6) Evaluation of the legal environment; and (7) Analysis of economic impact. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo movement KW - Containerization KW - Containerized cargo KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Domestic shipping analysis KW - Economic analysis KW - Feeder services KW - Freight rates KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - International trade KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Rates KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84940 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189269 AU - Todd Pacific Shipyards Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN SHIPBUILDING: MEASURING A COMPLEX CASTING PY - 1979/02 SP - 11 p. AB - Within the last three years photogrammetry has been employed in real production situations by six shipbuilders in the United States. Five of them have applied the process repeatedly for: surveys to predict the fit of 126,000DWT tankships built in halves, measuring city-block size subassemblies for the world's largest offshore platform, determining the circularity of Trident class submarine hulls, verifying that Conch type and spherical LNG tanks are within dimensional tolerances and producing LNG tank sounding tables of unprecedented accuracy. Some ship and airplane builders in the United States are already considering in-house capabilities. They appreciate photogrammetric measurement because it imposes the least interference with ongoing production and the photographs used are irrefutable permanent records. This report describes a procedure for obtaining accurate dimensions of a complex casting. It should be of particular interest to quality assurance people and those responsible for fitting a casting to adjoining structure. The last two pages provide a time and cost analysis and are especially noteworthy because it describes potential productivity gains in the entire process associated with complex castings including design, inspection and installation. It also identifies benefits that could be obtained, without the application of photogrammetry, if shipbuilders impose certain nominal dimensioning requirements on designers and if certain marking instructions are included in purchase specifications for castings. KW - Analysis KW - Casting KW - Casting methods KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Hull fit up KW - Hulls KW - Information processing KW - Photogrammetry KW - Productivity KW - Quality control KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyards KW - Struts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81688 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192032 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - APPLICABILITY OF COGAS MARINE POWER PLANTS FOR MERCHANT SHIPS PY - 1979/01/12 SP - 225 p. AB - The report presents the results of a project investigating the commercial availability of equipment and the applicability of COGAS marine power plants for U.S. flag merchant ships. The report is subdivided into four parts and two appendices. Part I includes system optimization studies and a literature search. Various alternatives of steam cycles, heat recovery boiler pressures and efficiencies, steam turbine efficiencies and types of fuel are analyzed. Part II includes the work performed to develop the selected optimum steam cycle into a marine COGAS power plant. Part III is a technical bulletin including the design and performance of the COGAS power plant equipment. Part IV includes economic analyses comparing two U.S. flag ships, a containership and a tanker, fitted with steam and COGAS power plants. Appendix 'A' contains the arrangement of machinery drawings of COGAS installations on a containership and a tanker; and Appendix 'B' the equipment drawings of COGAS power plant components. KW - Cargo ships KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic efficiency KW - Economics KW - Electric power plants KW - Gas turbines KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Performance KW - Planetary gear trains KW - Power plant design KW - Power plant economics KW - Power plant efficiency KW - Power plant performance KW - Reduction gears KW - Ship turbines KW - Ships KW - Steam cycles KW - Steam engines KW - Steam plant efficiency KW - Steam power plants KW - Steam turbines KW - Structural design KW - Systems engineering KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Turbines KW - Waste heat boilers KW - Waste heat utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83036 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00194727 AU - Webb Institute of Naval Architecture AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES CARRIERS HULL STRESS MONITORING SYSTEM PY - 1979/01 SP - 130 p. AB - The purpose of this research is to investigate the operations of Great Lakes Carriers, particularly the stress problems these ships are likely to encounter, and the technological state of the art, and to make recommendations for a system that would be of use to ship operating personnel both in making them aware of worsening stress conditions and in providing them with some information upon which to base corrective action. Background studies carried out in the early stages of the project confirmed the importance of providing a stress monitoring system of Great Lakes bulk carriers, especially for the new long ships which are particularly susceptible to high spring stresses. Based on preliminary results presented last year the decision was made to proceed with the development of specifications for a computerized digital system. The system will incorporate video (CRT) graphical displays and use the best available technology to advise the captain of the consequences of alternative action. Still water, wave and spring stress will all be considered. The computer will also be available for ship management activities. KW - Analysis KW - Bulk carriers KW - Computer aided analysis KW - Digital computers KW - Digital systems KW - Graphic displays KW - Graphics KW - Great Lakes KW - Hull damage prevention KW - Hull instrumentation KW - Hull stress KW - Hulls KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Instrumentation (Hull) KW - Springing KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Wave induced stresses KW - Waves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83900 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654462 AU - Atlas, R AU - Chang, P Y AU - Roseman, D P AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGH POWERED SINGLE SCREW PROPULSION OF MERCHANT SHIPS PY - 1979/01 AB - This study was carried out to evaluate the technological requirements for high powered, single screw propulsion of merchant ships, and to make recommendations for future development work. The five major areas comprising this study are: identification of technological problems related to power levels; analysis of identified problem areas; determination of state-of-the-art; definition of research requirements; and specific proposals for a comprehensive research program. Within each of these areas, the content has been divided into four categories for evaluation: hydrodynamics, vibration, mechanical systems, and structures. KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Maritime research KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Recommendations KW - Single screws KW - State of the art KW - Structural members KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394441 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650835 AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - VALIDATION OF COMPUTER AIDED OPERATIONS RESEARCH FACILITY (CAORF) PY - 1979/01 SP - 80 p. AB - This report documents the CAORF Validation Studies conducted during CAORF acceptance testing and the early research experimentation phases. The specific areas of validation were hardware, information processing and behavioral validation. The validation testing to date indicates that: the simulated ship reacts as its real world equivalent does; the bridge equipment and visual scene react realistically to position and heading changes of ownship and traffic vessels; the realism of the visual scene and radar display has been deemed satisfactory by experienced subjects; accuracy in distance estimation can be achieved by training; and behavior on the CAORF bridge is similar to real-world behavior and provides valid research and training data. KW - Caorf KW - Maritime research KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392189 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199045 AU - Crane, C L AU - Exxon International Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration AU - United States Coast Guard AU - American Institute of Merchant Shipping TI - MANEUVERING TRIALS OF THE 278,000 DWT ESSO OSAKA IN SHALLOW AND DEEP WATERS PY - 1979/01 SP - 180 p. AB - Maneuvering trials of the 278,000 deadweight ton tanker ESSO OSAKA were made in two shallow water and one deep water sites in the Gulf of Mexico in July and August 1977 as a cooperative effort of the U.S. Government and tanker operators through the American Institute of Merchant Shipping. Objectives included developing information for improving the quality of simulations of maneuvering behavior, for obtaining a better understanding of scale effects, for developing deepwater port safety zones, and on which to base shiphandling maneuvering information. The trials addressed the effects of water depth, ship speed and propeller rpm on turning circles, Z-Maneuvers, stopping, coasting turns, coasting Z-Maneuvers, and accelerating turns. Water current measurements aided correction of the results to a zero current condition. In general, it was found that the ESSO OSAKA as presently constructed could maneuver reliably and predictably under all conditions tested. Beyond the more operational maneuvers, special trials including spiral tests were conducted to provide input data for systems identification research. KW - Deep water KW - Deepwater harbors KW - Esso Osaka (Ship) KW - Maneuvering KW - Marine propellers KW - Ocean currents KW - Offshore structures KW - Propellers KW - Prototype tests KW - Scale effect KW - Shallow water KW - Shallow water maneuvering KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship trials KW - Spiral flow tests KW - Spiral tests KW - Tanker maneuvering KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Zig zag tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89422 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00300805 AU - Conn, A F AU - Liu, H L AU - Frederick, G S AU - Rudy, S L AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - HULL CLEANING SYSTEMS USING CAVIJET CAVITATING FLUID JETS: A FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1979/01 SP - 140 p. AB - Motivated by concerns of energy consumption and environmental protection, new methods for removing fouling from ship hulls are being considered, both for commercial and naval craft. A report has been completed for MarAd by Hydronautics, Inc. which evaluates the suitability of the CAVIJET cavitating water jet method in cleaning actual ship hulls. This follows as earlier first phase effort which successfully demonstrated the CAVIJET in the laboratory. Equipment for testing full-scale removal of fouling was developed and used in field trials on actual ship hulls in dry-dock. This same six-nozzle CAVIJET cleaning system was also used for underwater trials. Cleaning rates of over 500 sq m/hr (5,400 sq ft/hr) using pump pressures of 13.8 MPa (2,000 psi) or less were achieved compared with rates of about 90 sq m/hr (1,000 sq ft/hr) now achieved by conventional hand-held, sandsweeping devices. The practicality of the CAVIJET technology for commercial hull cleaning systems is, thus, clearly evident. KW - Antifouling coatings KW - Cleaning KW - Cleaning equipment KW - Fouling (Naval architecture) KW - Hull cleaning KW - Hulls KW - Underwater hull cleaning KW - Waterjet cleaning KW - Waterjets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/138066 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00300800 AU - Atlas, R M AU - Chang, P Y AU - Roseman, D P AU - Scherer, J O AU - Tomassoni, C A AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGH POWERED SINGLE SCREW PROPULSION OF MERCHANT SHIPS. VOLUME 1, EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/01 SP - 23 p. AB - MarAd announces the availability of a report prepared by Hydronautics, Inc. which describes the work done in assessing the technical requirements for high powered single screw propulsion of merchant ships. Areas of investigation included the maximum power currently in use in single screw ships, the availability of high power components for ships, and problems encountered in service. A complete bibliography is provided. The collected data were analyzed, problem areas identified and the state-of-the-art determined. Also identified was research necessary to extend the state-of-the-art allowing the design and construction of single screw ships of higher horsepower. KW - Energy consumption KW - Power requirement KW - Propellers KW - Propulsion KW - Screw propellers KW - State of the art KW - Types of propellers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/138064 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198935 AU - Farrell Lines Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A HIGHLY SKEWED PROPELLER PY - 1979/01 SP - 255 p. AB - The report discusses the design process and evaluation of a highly skewed propeller installed on the American Export Lines, Inc. 78a Class Roll-On/Roll-Off Cargo Vessel. The design process is discussed in detail including consideration of propeller excited vibratory forces, cavitation, and time average and fluctuating stresses. Experimental results of the first skewed propeller design are presented which indicate that the propulsion and cavitation performance was satisfactory, however, the rpm was 3.7 percent below that which could be used with the existing shafting and gears. A second design and model evaluation was undertaken. The results presented in the report show that this propeller propulsion performance is comparable to the conventional propeller. Experimental procedures and results from the study on the erosive impact intensity of cavitation for the model propeller and the ship's propeller are presented. Hull vibration measurements for the vessel fitted with conventional propeller and skewed propeller are compared. Vibration levels have been considerably reduced using the skewed propeller while maintaining equivalent performance. KW - Cavitation (Mechanics) KW - Cavitation erosion KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Hull propeller interaction KW - Hull vibration KW - Hulls KW - Marine propellers KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Performance KW - Propeller design KW - Propeller induced vibration KW - Propeller performance KW - Propellers KW - Service life KW - Skewed propellers KW - Structural design KW - Vehicle design KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198054 AU - Atlas, R M AU - Chang, P Y AU - Roseman, D P AU - Scherer, J O AU - Tomassoni, C A AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGH POWERED SINGLE SCREW PROPULSION OF MERCHANT SHIPS. VOLUME 2 PY - 1979/01 SP - 351 p. AB - This report describes the work done in assessing the technical requirements for high powered single screw propulsion of merchant ships. A literature search and personal interviews were conducted to ascertain the maximum power currently in use in single screw ships, the availability of high power components for ships, and problems encountered in service. A complete bibliography is included. The collected data was analyzed, possible problem areas identified, the state-of-the-art was determined, research requirements are identified and a research and development program is presented which, if carried out, will permit the design and construction of single screw ships of continuously increasing power. KW - Bearings KW - Cavitation (Mechanics) KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Energy consumption KW - Hulls KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Marine propellers KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Power requirement KW - Propeller design KW - Propeller shafts KW - Propellers KW - Propulsion KW - Screw propellers KW - Seals (Devices) KW - Securing and joining equipment KW - Ship hulls KW - State of the art KW - Vehicle design KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88952 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198051 AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS. DECK AND ENGINE OFFICERS SUPPLY AND DEMAND 1978-1987 PY - 1979/01 SP - 47 p. AB - Two scenarios are developed concerning the future supply and demand conditions on the Great Lakes. They are composed of attrition rates of the current workforce; entry and attrition rates of newly licensed officers; length of the average sailing season; number of days worked; fleet size and other factors. The first scenario essentially projects current conditions into the future at a relatively constant rate. The second scenario uses the same parameters as the first, except that the men-per-billet ratios are increased in two incremental stages (in 1981 and 1984) in order to approximate the current men-per-billet ratios found within the deep-sea maritime sector. KW - Attrition personnel KW - Demand KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Gt. lakes) KW - Economics KW - Education KW - Employee benefits KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland waterways KW - Inland waterways economics KW - Job analysis KW - Labor force KW - Labor market KW - Licenses KW - Manpower studies KW - Military personnel KW - Operations KW - Personnel KW - Personnel analysis KW - Requirements KW - Salaries KW - Seasons KW - Ships KW - Specifications KW - Supply KW - Supply economics KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88950 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00194567 AU - Baki, A AU - Walsh, R T AU - Levite, RHM AU - ROWBOTHAM, P J AU - Stonebridge, D AU - Rosenblatt (M) and Son, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A STANDARDIZED U.S. FLAG DRY-BULK CARRIER PY - 1979/01 SP - 1382 p. AB - The objective of this study was to develop the requirements and establish the factors needed for long range competitiveness of the ships found to be the most suitable for serving the dry-bulk trades of the U.S. The effort to meet this objective included the identification of markets for U.S. dry-bulk exports and imports through the turn of the century, the development of projections of the demand for U.S. flag ships, the identification of the characteristics of a series of standardized designs to meet the projected demand for both the near and far term, the selection of the ship types most likely to be built in the U.S., and the identification of existing foreign designs that are most suitable for U.S. production and operation. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk carriers KW - Bulk trade flows KW - Cargo preference KW - Commodities KW - Commodity statistics KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic forecasting KW - Forecasting KW - Foreign KW - International trade KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Naval architecture KW - Ship design KW - Shipbuilding KW - Standards KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - Trade development KW - Trade forecasts KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83825 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189868 AU - Marine Equipment Leasing, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - TECHNOLOGY SURVEY OF MAJOR U.S. SHIPYARDS 1978 PY - 1979/01 SP - 319 p. AB - This report, is organized as follows: Chapter I. Introduction--Sets forth the circumstances that caused the survey to be made and what it should accomplish, along with its limitations. Chapter II. Survey Procedure--Describes how the survey was conducted in the United States and abroad, what shipbuilding activities were covered and how technology was measured. Chapter III. Comparisons and Analyses--Puts in perspective over 2000 technology level determinations made in 13 U.S. shipyards and 16 comparable foreign shipyards. First, they are treated in aggregate form. Second, they are treated in a more detailed but selective manner to emphasize the most important shipbuilding operations, highlighting areas where U.S. shipbuilding technology is high and low. Chapter IV. Basic Data--Consists of a series of tables which present all of the technology level determinations developed during the survey, in three different ways. Chapter III is based on these data. Chapter V. Summary--Sets forth the highlights of the survey, including comments from A & P Appledore (London) Ltd., who developed the technology level standards and surveyed the foreign shipyards. KW - Economic analysis KW - Foreign KW - Management KW - Productivity KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyard management KW - Shipyard survey KW - Shipyards KW - Statistics KW - Survey reports KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82094 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00043207 AU - Maritime Administration TI - STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR MERCHANT SHIP CONSTRUCTION PY - 1979/01 SP - 604 p. AB - The MarAd Standard Specifications for Merchant Ship Construction are intended to provide guidance to the Maritime Industry for the preparation of detailed ship specifications. They are complete in all aspects of required contract work and embody the following pertinent features: Establish levels of quality as a bench mark for Construction Differential Subsidy; Identify current requirements of regulatory bodies; Reflect latest technological developments; Indicate measures of standardization to encourage mass production techniques; Include standard text to reflect legal aspects of contract work; and Introduce the SI-metric system of measurement to the U.S. shipbuilding industry. KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Naval architecture KW - Ship construction specifications KW - Ship design KW - Shipbuilding KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/8331 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134541 AU - United States Maritime Administration TI - Title IX tank vessels engaged in domestic trade : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/895300 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00427899 AU - Maritime Administration TI - NEXT GENERATION CARGO LINER. PHASE 1: FINAL REPORT PY - 1979 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Cargo ships KW - Technological innovations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/242371 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00427895 AU - CHOATE, T AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPPING OPERATIONS INFORMATION SYSTEM: NETWORK DEVELOPMENT PROJECT : FINAL REPORT PY - 1979 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Information processing KW - Management KW - Merchant marine KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/242369 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308412 AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARINE FIRE PREVENTION, FIREFIGHTING AND FIRE SAFETY PY - 1979 SP - 388 p. AB - The objective of this manual is to fill a long-standing need for comprehensive source material in the specialized field of prevention, control, and extinguishment of fires aboard commercial vessels. This book should serve all present and future shipboard personnel by providing exhaustive source and reference material that may be used when dealing with the varied and complicated aspects of fire control and fire fighting. Furthermore, the book contains the most definitive information on fire, which can be used extensively by maritime training institutions throughout the country. So that this manual would fulfill these needs for a long period of time, the authors have researched the latest fire fighting equipment used aboard vessels today with an eye to future developments in the field. Countless hours were spent aboard all forms of water craft, in addition to time spent working with the manufacturers of fire detecting and fire fighting equipment, and fire fighters who have first hand knowledge of the subject. Finally, the manual was reviewed extensively by numerous people in the maritime industry who have made a career of teaching fire fighting to active shipboard personnel and to those aspiring to service within the industry. Much can be learned from the study of past fire tragedies that occurred aboard merchant vessels. The authors have included an in-depth study of past shipboard fires, dissecting and analyzing the events, to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past. These case studies provide a breakdown of the conditions that led to the problem--the inaction or untimely action taken, with an analysis of actions that should have been taken to limit the spread of the fire and to extinguish it. This manual is expected to be the "bible" on fire fighting and fire safety throughout the maritime industry, both ashore and afloat. KW - Breathing apparatus KW - Emergency breathing apparatus KW - Engine room fires KW - Engine rooms KW - Fire boats KW - Fire causes KW - Fire detection systems KW - Fire extinguishing agents KW - Fire fighting KW - Fire fighting equipment KW - Fire hazards KW - Fire prevention KW - Fire testing KW - Fires KW - First aid KW - Flammability tests KW - Hazards KW - High expansion foams KW - Prevention KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Safety KW - Ship fires KW - Ships KW - Training programs KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144872 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302285 AU - MCCARTHY, T AU - Miller, J T AU - ARINC Research Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - VESSEL IN-PORT LOCATOR SYSTEM PY - 1979 SP - 21 p. AB - This report describes the activities that took place at the Vessel In-Port Locator Demonstration Conference held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland, on July 11, 1979. The Conference was sponsored by the Maritime Administration, Office of Port and Intermodal Development. The purpose of the Conference was to bring together members of the maritime community to exchange views on the need for, and benefits to be gained by, a national system for providing accurate and timely information on the in-port location and inter-port, intra-port movement of vessels operating in domestic and international commerce. Discussion of requirements for such a system was stimulated by an on-line demonstration of a prototype vessel in-port locator system developed by ARINC Research Corporation under contract to the Maritime Administration. A description of the prototype demonstration, operating with live data from the ports of New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Portland is provided in this report. An exchange of views was also stimulated during the Conference through two panel discussions representing the views of the maritime exchanges presently providing vessel traffic information and the information users represented by shippers, customs house brokers, freight forwarders, and major railway companies. KW - Analysis KW - Information systems KW - Information transfer KW - Information user studies KW - Port operations KW - Port traffic KW - Technology transfer KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142440 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196196 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME ADMINISTRATION UNIVERSITY RESEARCH PROGRAM-1979 PY - 1979 SP - n.p. AB - The Maritime Administration is sponsoring a University Research Program to gain knowledge of the innovations needed for meeting the unknown challenges of the future and to improve understanding of the problems, theories and values needed for long-term planning of its R&D effort. The University Research Program operates through an annual solicitation for research proposals. Proposals submitted under the Program should deal with one of the following general areas: Marine Transportation Economics, Maritime Technology, Ship Production, Ship Operations, and Ports and Municipal Support. All technical questions concerning the program should be directed to MarAd at the address below. KW - Development KW - Economics KW - Long range planning KW - Maritime research KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Research KW - Ship operations KW - Shipbuilding KW - Transportation KW - Transportation research KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90753 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00187064 AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOMESTIC WATERBORNE TRADE OF THE U.S., 1973-1977 (ANALYSIS) PY - 1979 SP - 183 p. AB - The data include intercity freight by mode, 1973-1977; U.S. domestic and foreign waterborne commerce, totals for 1973-77; U.S. domestic waterborne commerce by trade segment and vessel type, 1973-77; number of vessels and cargo carrying capacity of the U.S. domestic fleet, 1973-77; principal commodities carried in U.S. domestic waterborne commerce, 1973-77; U.S. domestic, intercoastal, and noncontiguous waterborne commerce by area and type of vessel, 1973-77; domestic oceanborne commerce of the U.S. by geographical areas and type of vessel, 1973-77; principal commodities carried in domestic ocean waterborne commerce by vessel type, 1973-77; tonnage received by domestic ocean ports by type of vessel and tonnage shipped by type of vessel, 1977; profile of domestic ocean trade districts; Great Lakes trade (domestic and foreign waterborne commerce by type of vessel, 1973-77; principal commodities carried in the U.S. Great Lakes domestic waterborne commerce by vessel type, and tonnage received by and shipped from Great Lakes ports by vessel type, 1977); and inland waterways trade (U.S. inland waterways commerce by area and type of vessel for 1973-77; and commerce between areas in dry vessels and tank vessels for 1973-77 by area, commodity, and type of vessel). KW - Cargo capacity KW - Cargo compartments KW - Cargo movement KW - Commodities KW - Commodity statistics KW - Freight transportation KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - International trade KW - River traffic KW - Rivers KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - Trade statistics KW - Water traffic KW - Waterways KW - Waterways commerce statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650432 AU - Bethlehem Steel Corporation AU - Maritime Administration AU - Union Carbide Corp. Linde Division AU - TAPCO International TI - HIGH DEPOSITION WELDING PY - 1978/12/31 AB - Volume 1: Many welding process and material developments have been introduced to provide increased weld metal deposition per ampere. The intent is usually to provide higher weld metal deposition rates per hour so welding might progress more rapidly. The Linde Division of Union Carbide Corporation has undertaken an evaluation of a number of commercially available high metal deposition per ampere welding materials and processes. In addition to the evaluation of commercially available processes, several experimental high deposition effeciency electrodes were evaluated. All materials and processes are being considered for their potential use in shipyards. Volume 2: An apparatus for fully atuomatic butt welding with metal powder filler additions in confined work spaces has been constructed and tested. Design details of the experimental apparatus are presented. Procedures have been developed for both flux-cored and submerged arc welding of ABS (American Bureau of Shipping) grade DH32 plate. Acceptable weldment mechanical properties are obtained for both welding processes when a blended mild steel powder composition is used. KW - Butt welds KW - Deposits KW - Deposits (Geology) KW - Electrodes KW - Filler metal KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Plates KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Submerged arc welding KW - Welding KW - Welding electrodes KW - Weldments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394236 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308462 AU - American President Lines AU - Systems Control, Incorporated AU - Henry (JJ) Company, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - STEAM PROPULSION CONTROL SYSTEM STUDY. PHASE I: THROTTLE CONTROL SYSTEM RELIABILITY IMPROVEMENTS. VOLUME I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND FINAL REPORT PY - 1978/12 SP - 143 p. AB - The Steam Propulsion Control System Study Phase I Final Report presents recommended modification alternative for improving the operational reliability of existing throttle control systems. The report examines throttle control system configurations for an electro-hydraulic system and an electro-pneumatic system as installed aboard U.S. flag merchant vessels and an electro-hydraulic system of foreign manufacture which is considered to have high operational reliability. The development of the modification alternatives is described through a discussion of the failure history of existing throttle control systems and the priorities placed on these failures. The report concludes that some improvement in the operational reliability of throttle control systems could be realized by the implementation of some or all of the modifications on any particular vessel. Estimated cost of each modification is identified to enable each operator to make an evaluation of the cost effectiveness of these modifications in fleet operations. A program for further development of advanced centralized steam propulsion systems is proposed. KW - Control KW - Control systems KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Steam turbines) KW - Electrohydraulic mechanisms KW - Electrohydraulic systems KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion machinery controls KW - Remote control KW - Remote control systems KW - Steam turbine control KW - Steam turbine propulsion KW - Steam turbines KW - Throttle control KW - Throttles KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144903 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00300804 AU - Stearn, R A AU - Foss, B E AU - Scher, R M AU - Stearn (RA), Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor TI - ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF IMPROVED WATERTIGHT SUBDIVISION FOR GREAT LAKES BULK CARRIERS PY - 1978/12 SP - 177 p. AB - Under contract to MarAd, R.A. Stearn, Inc. has prepared a study of the economic benefits of improved watertight subdivision for Great Lakes bulk carriers. In section II, the study presents a discussion of the random processes associated with the potential benefits of subdivision, together with the methods used in evaluating the expected net present value. Section III provides a general introduction to the concept of utility, and the utility function, including a brief discussion of the role of insurance in determining expected utility. Identified in section IV are the various components of economic benefit arising from the improvement of watertight subdivision of Great Lakes ships. Section V presents the estimated costs of various subdivision arrangements for several typical classes of Great Lakes vessels, including initial and operating costs, added weights of bulkheads, pumps and piping, and damage-control systems. Section VI introduces the sample used in determining the estimated parameters of the random processes, together with statistical tests of certain hypotheses derived from the sample. Specific examples of the determination of benefits including input data, assumptions, and results for a number of ship classes, are presented in section VII, while section VIII compares the anticipated economic benefits of improved water-tight subdivision with those available from other types of safety systems. KW - Analysis KW - Bulk carriers KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Great Lakes KW - Insurance KW - Permeability KW - Subdivisions KW - Watertight integrity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/138065 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198093 AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. BULK VESSEL MARKETING GUIDE, GREAT LAKES-ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY IRON ORE-GRAIN TRADE PY - 1978/12 SP - 82 p. AB - The report develops a strategy for increasing the U.S. flag cargo share in the U.S. Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway trade, known as Trade Route 89. The material included presents as a basic guide for the new or expanding vessel operator-investor in developing a marketing strategy for this trade. The two commodities are dealt with separately because of their unique characteristics and controlling factors. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Bulk carriers KW - Bulk grain KW - Bulk ore KW - Canada KW - Economic forecasting KW - Forecasting KW - Grain KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - Iron ores KW - Lake Ontario KW - Market assessment KW - Marketing KW - Markets KW - Merchant vessels KW - Ores KW - Ports KW - Saint Lawrence Seaway KW - Shipping KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - United States KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88963 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198078 AU - Pinkus, O AU - Winn, L AU - Mechanical Technology, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DESIGN AND OPERATION OF STERN-TUBE SEALS: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART PY - 1978/12 SP - 205 p. AB - This report contains a critical survey of stern-tube seal design and operation, as practiced on merchant marine vessels. Seal materials are included. The emphasis is on the modern fleets of fast container ships and bulk carries. Both oil and water lubrication are considered. The seals' operating conditions are described as well as the difficulties of present day designs to meet some of the requirements of stern-tube operation. Recommendations are made for a program aimed at advancing the technology of stern-tube seals and materials in order to meet the needs of present-day and future ships. KW - Design KW - Lubricants KW - Lubrication KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Propeller shafts KW - Seal design KW - Seal lubrication KW - Seal materials KW - Sealing KW - Sealing (Technology) KW - Sealing compounds KW - Seals (Devices) KW - Securing and joining equipment KW - Stern seals KW - Sterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88960 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198057 AU - Parsons, M G AU - Greenblatt, J E AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - Maritime Administration TI - OPTIMIZATION OF PROPELLER SKEW DISTRIBUTION TO MINIMIZE THE VIBRATORY FORCES AND MOMENTS ACTING AT THE PROPELLER HUB PY - 1978/12 SP - 66 p. AB - Propeller skew is now well recognized as a means of reducing the unsteady forces and moments produced by the propeller. The propeller skew design problem is formulated as an optimization problem to minimize a weighted, linear combination of the six vibratory forces and moments acting at the propeller hub. The skew distribution is taken as a cubic or quadratic function of radius subject to realistic geometric constraints. This allows the optimization to be economically solved using existing constrained, nonlinear mathematical programming or parameter optimization methods. The SKEWOPT propeller skew optimization program is described. This interactive program was developed to perform the propeller skew optimization in a routine design setting. The vibratory forces and moments are evaluated using either a two-dimensional, sinusoidal gust theory or a three-dimensional, unsteady, lifting-line theory. The optimization is performed by an external penalty function technique utilizing the Nelder and Mead simplex search. Design examples using the SKEWOPT program are presented to illustrate the use of the program and to validate the propeller skew design approach. KW - Computer aided design KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs (Propellers) KW - Force KW - Lifting line theory KW - Marine propellers KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Mathematical models KW - Propeller design KW - Propeller hubs KW - Propeller induced forces KW - Propeller induced vibration KW - Propellers KW - Skewed propellers KW - Skewed structures KW - Skewness KW - Structural design KW - Vehicle design KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88954 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196209 AU - Henry (JJ) Company, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - RELIABILITY IMPROVEMENT FOR VESSEL STEERING SYSTEMS PY - 1978/12 SP - 250 p. AB - The report provides a summary of a study sponsored by the Maritime Administration to develop and evaluate recommended improvements to the design, specification, installation, and operation of vessel steering systems for purposes of enhancing steering system reliability, safety, performance, and integrity. Conclusions and recommendations are based on the results of extensive analysis of steering systems failure data obtained from regulatory agencies, classification societies, and vessel owners and operators. Significant results include a quantitative assessment of the relationship between hydraulic system design pressure and system reliability, and the identification of specific rudder, steering gear, and control system design details which should be addressed or further clarified by the appropriate cognizant authorities. KW - Control systems KW - Control systems design KW - Hydraulic equipment KW - Hydraulic steering KW - Mechanical failure KW - Performance KW - Reliability KW - Rudders KW - Safety engineering KW - Steering KW - Steering efficiency KW - Steering failure KW - Steering system design KW - Steering system reliability KW - Steering systems KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/87973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192125 AU - NOONAN, D AU - Marine Management Systems, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME SHIP DATA SYSTEM. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1978/12 SP - 24 p. AB - The report describes the activities carried out to design, develop, and install an automated system for updating the ship characteristics data base which is maintained by the Maritime Administration. This report also contains description of the 84 data elements maintained in the data base. As an extension to the Maritime Ship Data System, vessel position information has been linked to the Ship Data System. This merged information produces a file of all vessel port-pair transitions sorted by Marad trade route. KW - Databases KW - Federal government KW - Identification systems KW - Information processing KW - Information retrieval KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Information systems KW - Marine data systems KW - Maritime information systems KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Ship characteristics KW - Shipbuilding KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83088 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192106 AU - Halebsky, M AU - Global Marine Development Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - A STUDY OF THE ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIABILITY OF A U.S. FLAG TOXIC CHEMICAL INCINERATOR SHIP. VOLUME I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1978/12 SP - 41 p. AB - This report details the economic and environmental viability of incinerating toxic chemical wastes at sea using a U.S. flag ship(s). The ocean incineration history in Europe and the United States is reviewed first. The impact of international, national, and state rules and regulations on waste quantities and ocean incineration are evaluated. Toxic waste quantities available for ocean incineration (primarily chlorinated and unchlorinated organics) are then estimated for 1977, 1983, and 1989 for the United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Japan, and Western Europe. Capital cost, operating cost, and incineration cost per ton of waste are calculated for a U.S. flag ship and compared with incineration charges for a European ship and for land-based incineration. The conclusion is that a U.S. flag incineration ship(s) is economically and environmentally viable. KW - Analysis KW - Chemical compounds KW - Chemical industry KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Environmental engineering KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Estimates KW - Hazardous materials KW - Incinerators KW - Industrial wastes KW - Inorganic compounds KW - Legislation KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Metal industry KW - Operating costs KW - Organic compounds KW - Pesticides KW - Petroleum industry KW - Petroleum refining KW - Profits KW - Smelting KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83080 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00194958 AU - Liveakos, N AU - Maritime Administration TI - FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (FIRST)--EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1978/12 SP - 18 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to present an executive summary of the concepts and capabilities of the Financial Information and Retrieval System (FIRST), recently developed by Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co. for the Maritime Administration (MarAd) of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The project was sponsored by the Shipping Operations Information System (SOIS) Program of MarAd. The major development phases included: requirements definition, feasibility assessment, and conceptual design; detail system design; and system development. The FIRST system has been successfully and extensively exercised in a test prototype environment at MarAd. Full production mode operation of the system began in December 1978. KW - Analysis KW - Computer aided analysis KW - Data collection KW - Data management KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Information processing KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Information systems KW - Operating subsidies KW - Shipping KW - Shipping operations information systems KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84001 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190070 AU - HENDRICKSON, B H AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME SUBSIDIES 1978. NINTH EDITION (ANALYSIS) PY - 1978/12 SP - 185 p. AB - This is the ninth publication that MarAd has released on the subject of maritime subsidies, and is an update of the 1976 edition. The present volume covers the subsidies and aids of 58 maritime nations. It is organized in a country- by-country breakdown. For each nation listed, the following data are provided: size of merchant fleet (number of vessels and total DWT; breakdown of vessel types--tankers, bulk carriers, freighters, and combination carriers--with percent of vessels and tonnage each type comprises of the total); foreign trade (value of imports and exports; principal commodities and trading partners, imports and exports; GNP and GNP per capita); and government aids (cargo preference; operating subsidy or aid; construction subsidy or aid; tax benefits; loans and interest on loans; depreciation and anticipated depreciation; cabotage; bilateral agreements; investment allowance; customs fees; government ownership; and others). KW - Cargo preference KW - Commodities KW - Commodity statistics KW - Construction KW - Directories KW - Economic analysis KW - Exports KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet statistics KW - Imports KW - International trade KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Merchant marine KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Operating subsidies KW - Registers KW - Statistics KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82199 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650441 AU - Oppenheimer, K R AU - Alger, R S AU - B, Martin Stanley AU - Stanford Research Institute AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - National Fire Protection and Control Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - COST EFFECTIVENESS OF MARINE FIRE PROTECTION PROGRAMS PY - 1978/11 SP - 233 p. AB - This report presents the results of a cost-effectiveness study of alternative marine fire protection programs. The report includes an estimate of current and future marine fire losses and a comparison of the cost-effectiveness of programs designed to reduce these losses. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Fire causes KW - Fire fighting KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Prevention KW - Protection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392039 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00653775 AU - Miller, J T AU - Greene, L B AU - ARINC Research Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - AUTOMATED MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PUBLIC MARINE TERMINALS, PHASE 1: SYSTEM DEFINITION, SYSTEM ANALYSIS, AND CONCEPT DESIGN PY - 1978/11 SP - 166 p. AB - A project was conducted as the first phase of a multi-phase program to develop and demonstrate an automated management control system for public marine terminals. The objectives of the Phase I effort were as to (1) identify the requirements for control of containerized cargo in various categories of public marine terminals; (2) define a family of concepts for an automated management control system that would satisfy the identified requirements; (3) develop and apply a methodology for assessing the impact of various automation concepts on terminal financial performance and operational effectiveness; and (4) explore the potential extension of the automation concept beyond the terminal boundaries to permit additional information users and shared resources; and (5) develop a detailed plan for implementing Phase II of the overall program. KW - Automation KW - Container terminals KW - Information systems KW - Port operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/393467 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00194365 AU - Maritime Administration TI - CIVILIAN SEAFARING MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS IN PEACE AND WAR, 1978-1984 (ANALYSIS, FORECAST) PY - 1978/11 SP - n.p. AB - This report was prepared by MarAd in conjunction with the Military Sealift Command (MSC), projecting the number of civilian seagoing billets, and merchant marine manpower required and available to fill them under peacetime and 3 national defense situations, 1978-1984. It is based on data from MarAd, MSC, the Coast Guard, and the National Science Foundation. Projections were calculated for deck, engine, radio, and staff officers; skilled and unskilled deck and engine personnel; and steward staff. The report includes one chart and 53 tables showing detailed manpower supply and demand, with men-per-billet ratios; workforce entrants from the Merchant Marine Academy and other sources; attritions; and fleet size and characteristics by fleet type. KW - Defense shipping KW - Labor force KW - Labor market KW - Manning requirements KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Merchant marine KW - Military personnel KW - Military sealift KW - Military shipments KW - Military transportation KW - Personnel KW - Personnel statistics KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84893 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191617 AU - De Laval Turbine Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPACT OF INCREASED ASTERN POWER ON MARINE STEAM TURBINE PROPULSION SYSTEMS PY - 1978/11 SP - 168 p. AB - The objective of this technical study is the determination of the impact on the design, operation, performance and cost of conventional (non-reheat) steam turbine propulsion systems due to increased astern power requirements. Two approaches are followed: (a) improved astern turbine efficiency, and (b) increased astern steam flow. The study is applicable to new construction. KW - Astern thrust KW - Boilers KW - Engines KW - Heat balance KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Marine propulsion KW - Non reheat turbines KW - Reverse propulsion KW - Ship turbines KW - Ships KW - Steam flow KW - Steam plant efficiency KW - Steam power plants KW - Steam turbine operation KW - Steam turbine performance KW - Steam turbine propulsion KW - Steam turbines KW - Thrust KW - Thrust reversers KW - Turbines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82872 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188528 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Military Sealift Command TI - CIVILIAN SEAFARING MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS IN PEACE AND WAR 1978-1984 PY - 1978/11 SP - 88 p. AB - This report, prepared jointly by the Maritime Administration and the Military Sealift Command, considered the manpower requirements to fulfill peacetime needs and the availability of merchant mariners to meet the crewing requirments of reserve fleet ships in the event of a minor emergency; non-mobilization contingency; or full mobilization. KW - Crew size KW - Emergency contingency plans KW - Labor market KW - Licensed personnel training KW - Military personnel KW - Military sealift KW - Military transportation KW - Military vessels KW - Training KW - Unlicensed personnel training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81247 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00183728 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PD-214 MULTI-PURPOSE MOBILIZATION SHIP VOLUME II SPECIFICATIONS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1978/11 SP - v.p. AB - It is intended that these outline specifications, preceeding chapters of this report, and appendices, describe the design in sufficient detail to proceed directly into a contract design. All of the sections have not been developed to the same level of subsystem and component detail, but the sections have been included as a guide for future updating. The outline specifications contained in this report are based on MARAD Standard Specifications. Two particular reference documents are: (a) Standard Specifications for Merchant Ship Construction, Maritime Administration, July 1978. (b) Standard Specifications for Diesel Merchant Ship Construction, Maritime Administration, 1976. NTIS Order No. PB 257-261. Standard Specifications, (a) and (b), are available through the National Technical Informaiton Service (NTIS), U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22151. KW - Contracts KW - Electric power plants KW - Multipurpose ships KW - Naval architecture KW - Ship characteristics KW - Ship construction specifications KW - Ship descriptions (Multipurpose) KW - Ship design KW - Shipbuilding KW - Ships KW - Specifications KW - Standardization KW - Standards KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00183729 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PD-214 MULTI-PURPOSE MOBILIZATION SHIP. VOLUME I DESIGN SUMMARY FINAL REPORT PY - 1978/11 SP - 131 p. AB - The primary purpose of the systems, components and equipments shown and/or specified is to establish and demonstrate the concept and feasibility of the design. This volume provides a description of the ship and its characteristics; Vessel construction and major component availability during mobilizaiton; economic studies on construction costs and required freight rate trade route analysis; development of multi-purpose ship and options covering cargo handling, structural design, hull form performance, cargo and tank capacities, stability, hydrostatics, machinery selection, manning and accommodations. KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Cargo ships KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Multipurpose ships) KW - Freight rates KW - Freight traffic KW - Lift on/lift off KW - Lifting equipment KW - Multipurpose ships KW - Naval architecture KW - Rates KW - Roll on roll off ships KW - Ship characteristics KW - Ship descriptions (Multipurpose) KW - Ship design KW - Shipbuilding KW - Ships KW - Standards KW - Studies KW - Trade route studies KW - Trade routes KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/76608 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00183730 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PD-214 MULTI-PURPOSE MOBILIZAITON SHIP VOLUME III. PLANS PY - 1978/11 SP - v.p. AB - The plans cover: (1) An outboard profile (2) General arrangement: standard ship, jumbo option, austere option and container oriented option (3) Standard house arrangement (4) Hydrostatic curves (5) Steam plant equipment list (6) Medium speed diesel equipment list (7) Slow speed diesel machinery list (8) Heavy duty gas turbine machinery list (9) Aircraft derivative gas turbine machinery arrangement and (10) Stowage plans for military and commercial cargo. KW - Cargo stowage KW - Design KW - Gas turbines KW - General arrangement plans KW - Hydrostatics KW - Layout KW - Machinery KW - Machinery layout KW - Medium speed diesels KW - Naval architecture KW - Roll on roll off ships KW - Ship characteristics KW - Ship descriptions (Multipurpose) KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Slow speed diesels KW - Standards KW - Steam power plants KW - Stowage KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650866 AU - Riek, J AU - Tenenbaum, S AU - Mcilroy, W AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN INVESTIGATION INTO SAFETY OF PASSAGE OF LARGE TANKERS IN THE PUGET SOUND AREA PY - 1978/10 AB - A study was conducted at the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility to investigate the safety of passage of tankers through the Puget Sound area under maximum credible adverse environmental conditions. The study was conducted in two phases; off-line, using a computer program to simulate the performance of various size tankers, and on-line utilizing the CAORF simulator with human test subjects. In each phase, there were two types of runs; track keeping runs, and failed equipment runs. The track keeping results indicated that all ships were able to navigate safely under the extreme environmental conditions, provided they maintained sufficient speed. The failed equipment runs indicated that tug support of ships was required to avoid grounding after suffering steering/propulsion failures. KW - Caorf KW - Course keeping KW - Engine failure KW - Large tankers KW - Maneuverability KW - Mechanical failure KW - Puget Sound KW - Puget Sound Region KW - Restricted waters KW - Ship simulator experiments KW - Steering failure KW - Tug ship interaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658544 AU - De Hass, T AU - Fee, J J AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME DIGITAL SELECTIVE CALLING SYSTEM TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION PY - 1978/10 SP - Various p. AB - This document provides a detailed functional and technical description for the Maritime Digital Selective Calling System (SELCALL) that is being developed to improve the capability for timely, reliable communication at sea. The SELCALL unit utilizes a digital message audio frequency shift keying with error checks and time diversity in conjunction with conventional marine radio communications equipment to achieve this goal. The authors point out that SELCALL is a prime candidate for use in the development of automated radiotelephones, vessel traffic management systems, and other advanced marine communications applications. KW - Communications KW - Radio KW - Selective calling systems KW - Ship to shore KW - System descriptions KW - Telecommunications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400198 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304524 AU - Newport News Shipbuilding AU - Maritime Administration TI - ARRANGEMENT AND STRUCTURAL STUDY FOR VERY LARGE CRUDE CARRIERS (VLCC) SEGREGATED BALLAST TANKERS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1978/10 SP - 56 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of a program to evaluate the economic impact of the 1973 Marine Pollution Conference segregated ballast requirements. A 265,000 DWT tanker was redesigned for segregated ballast using single bottom, double bottom, and double hull concepts to meet the 1973 requirements. Since the work was substantially complete before the Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention Conference of 1978 (TSPP), these designs do not meet these 1978 requirements. In addition to new construction, retrofitting segregated ballast capability using liquid or solid ballast in two sizes of tankers was investigated. KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Ballast tanks KW - Double bottom tankers KW - Double bottoms KW - Economic analysis KW - Marine engineering KW - Oil spills KW - Petroleum industry KW - Petroleum trade KW - Pollution control KW - Pollution prevention KW - Regulation KW - Segregated ballast tankers KW - Ship design KW - Shipbuilding KW - Structural design KW - Tanker ballasting KW - Tanker double bottoms KW - Tanker pollution regulation KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Vehicle design KW - Very large crude carriers KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143612 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00194729 AU - Marcus, H S AU - Bouthelier, F J AU - Mesavage, C AU - Deephouse, C AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - ALTERNATIVE LIQUEFIED GAS CARGOS: MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES PY - 1978/10 SP - 270 p. AB - This report analyzes the feasibility of providing single-cargo liquefied gas carriers with the capability to transport alternative liquefied gas cargos. This study addresses the following basic issues: the characteristics of the existing and probable future liquefied gas transportation systems, including cargo movements and liquefied gas terminals; the technology of liquefied gas carriers and associated equipment; the impact on vessel design of incorporating alternative cargo capability; and the impact of federal agencies on the decision-making process. The report provides conclusions and recommendations regarding the conditions under which it may be beneficial to incorporate alternative cargo capability as well as additional information on management strategies. KW - Chemical tankers KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Equipment design KW - Freight transportation KW - Liquefied gases KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Liquefied petroleum gas KW - Lng regulations KW - LNG terminals KW - Lng transportation KW - Lpg transportation KW - Regulations KW - Tankers KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83902 ER -