FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Williams, JG Pohl, EA AF Williams, JG Pohl, EA GP IEEE TI Missile reliability analysis with censored data SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM - 1997 PROCEEDINGS: THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PRODUCT QUALITY & INTEGRITY SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium on Meeting the Needs of the 21st Century CY JAN 13-16, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE DE missile reliability; constant failure rate; increasing failure rate; Kaplan-Meier estimator; Weibull distribution; mixed distributions; proportional hazards model AB The use of an exponential distribution as a model for the captive-carry life length of a missile system is explored. The Kaplan-Meier Nonparametric estimator is compared to the exponential distribution. The exponential survival curve is found to be well within the 95% confidence limits of the Kaplan-Meier estimate. Statistically, the hypothesis of an exponential failure distribution failed to be rejected. Despite, the results of the statistical analysis, engineers are often reluctant to accept some of the implications associated with using the exponential distribution. Specifically, the used-as-good-as-new assumption for the missiles is difficult to accept. This assumption is a result of the constant failure rate of the exponential distribution. Through the use of the cumulative hazard plots, regions of increasing failure rate where discovered which led to the investigation of the use of mixed population analysis. Mixtures of Weibull distributions where used to model the missile life data. Reasonable fits where obtained which were capable of explaining the periods of increasing failure rates found on the cumulative hazard plots. Finally, a preliminary study of the impact of covariates on missile survival was accomplished using Cox's Proportional Hazard Model. Covariates investigated included platform type, manufacturing location, lot number and flying region. Results indicated that the platform type was the most significant covariate. This indicates that the data sets for the two platforms should probably be analyzed separately. Although the exponential distribution may be reasonable fit for the data, the mixed Weibull distribution provided as good a fit and more insight into understanding periods of increasing and decreasing failure which are important in analyzing missile reliability. The models developed using the mixed Weibull population will be updated with new data and used to aid in maintenance decisions regarding missile refurbishment or replacement. A life cycle cost decision support model is currently being developed to aid in determining when missiles should be pulled from the inventory for refurbishment. RP Williams, JG (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,ENC,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-3783-2 J9 P A REL MAI PY 1997 BP 122 EP 130 DI 10.1109/RAMS.1997.571679 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BH08B UT WOS:A1997BH08B00019 ER PT B AU Venet, BP AF Venet, BP BE Sedlacek, AJ Fischer, KW TI High-altitude optical scintillometry SO APPLICATION OF LIDAR TO CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC TOPICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Application of Lidar to Current Atmospheric Topics II, at the SPIE Annual Meeting on Optical Engineering CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE atmospheric turbulence; turbulence measurement; scintillation; covariance; inner scale AB We report aircraft-based scintillometry measurements for visible light propagation over neat-horizontal paths of 50 to 120 km, at altitudes around 40,000 ft. We present time series and histograms of normalized irradiance variance and path-averaged C-n(2) values. We also present temporal power spectra and covariance functions of irradiance, and derive turbulence inner scale values from the shape of the normalized covariance functions. RP Venet, BP (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,LIAC,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2549-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3127 BP 332 EP 347 DI 10.1117/12.283914 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ90X UT WOS:A1997BJ90X00029 ER PT B AU Rathbun, TF Rogers, SK DeSimio, MP Oxley, ME AF Rathbun, TF Rogers, SK DeSimio, MP Oxley, ME BE Rogers, SK TI MLP iterative construction algorithm SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications and Science of Artificial Neural Networks III CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE neural network training; construction; feature selection method; hidden node pruning; multi-layered perceptron AB The MLP Iterative Construction Algorithm (MICA) designs a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network as it trains. MICA adds Hidden Layer Nodes (HLNs) one at a time, separating classes on a pair-wise basis, until the data is projected into a linear separable space by class. Then MICA trains the Output Layer Nodes (OLNs), which results in an MLP that achieves 100% accuracy on the training data. MICA, like Backprop,(12) produces an MLP that is a minimum mean squared error approximation of the Bayes optimal discriminant function. Moreover, MICA's training technique yields novel feature selection technique and hidden node pruning technique. RP Rathbun, TF (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,2950 P ST,BOX 4006,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2492-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3077 BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.1117/12.271467 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BH60Z UT WOS:A1997BH60Z00001 ER PT B AU Fenstermacher, L AF Fenstermacher, L BE Rogers, SK TI Techniques for higher confidence target ID SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications and Science of Artificial Neural Networks III CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE bagging; bootstrapping; decision fusion; confidence; target identification; speaker identification AB Target identification decisions must be ''positive'' - accurate with high confidence. To achieve this, a classifier must build a model (train) with some data and then generalize its decisions to new data sets. The ability to accurately estimate the true classifier error (or predict classification performance) is contingent on the amount of data available. The more data, the better the error estimate and the more. confident the resulting decisions. Ideally, one needs infinite data for modeling and assessing classifier performance; however, this is rarely the case. This paper investigates techniques for improving audio target identification accuracy and confidence with a Multilayer Perceptron(MLP). The first technique, bagging, is a combination of bootstrapping and (classifier) aggregation and the second, decision fusion, combines the decisions of multiple classifiers. The ''bagged'' identification performance for a subset of the Rome Laboratory Greenflag database is compared to the MLP performance without bagging and that of a MLP whose decisions are combined with those of four other classifiers. Both techniques improved identification accuracy, albeit bagging did so only slightly. More importantly, the confidence of the identification decisions were significantly improved by the pooling of evidence inherent in both the bagging and decision fusion processes. RP Fenstermacher, L (reprint author), DRL,ACC,204 DODD BLVD,SUITE 226,LANGLEY AFB,VA 23665, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2492-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3077 BP 356 EP 366 DI 10.1117/12.271498 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BH60Z UT WOS:A1997BH60Z00038 ER PT B AU Blackmon, JL Rogers, SK AF Blackmon, JL Rogers, SK BE Rogers, SK TI Neural network classification of compound mixtures SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications and Science of Artificial Neural Networks III CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB This paper demonstrates the usefulness of neural networks in classifying environmental samples from compound mixture data. This problem was solved by careful determination of neural network learning parameters and forward sequential selection of input features. Finally, the fundamental limit of any classifier on this data was determined using Bayes error bounding. RP Blackmon, JL (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2492-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3077 BP 743 EP 752 DI 10.1117/12.271538 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BH60Z UT WOS:A1997BH60Z00078 ER PT J AU Matson, CL Clark, N McMackin, L Fender, JS AF Matson, CL Clark, N McMackin, L Fender, JS TI Three-dimensional tumor localization in thick tissue with the use of diffuse photon-density waves SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE diffuse photon-density waves; Fourier optics; optical imaging ID OPTICAL-COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; SCATTERING MEDIA; TURBID MEDIA; LIGHT AB A new approach to three-dimensional tumor localization in turbid media with the use of measurements in a single plane is presented. Optical diffuse photon-density waves are used to probe the turbid medium. Relative amplitudes and phases are measured in the detection plane. Lateral localization is accomplished in the detection plane. With a Fourier optics approach, the scattered wave is reconstructed throughout the volume to provide depth localization. Computer-simulation results that validate this technique are presented. Applications of this technique to multiple tumors and to optical mammography are discussed. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,ADV IMAGING DIV,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 23 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1 BP 214 EP 220 DI 10.1364/AO.36.000214 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA WD153 UT WOS:A1997WD15300020 PM 18250661 ER PT J AU Power, MH Regillo, CD Custis, PH AF Power, MH Regillo, CD Custis, PH TI Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with Purtscher retinopathy SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USAF,DEPT CLIN INVEST,NAVAL MED CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. USN,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 5 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 115 IS 1 BP 128 EP 129 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WC264 UT WOS:A1997WC26400029 PM 9006443 ER PT B AU Flake, BA Mitchell, JW Beckman, WA AF Flake, BA Mitchell, JW Beckman, WA GP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC TI Parameter estimation for multiresponse nonlinear chilled-water plant models SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1997, VOL 103, PT I SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY FEB 24-28, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amer Soc Heating Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB Development of optimal control strategies for complex heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems often requires a model of the system. Models of conventional heating or cooling plant equipment are nonlinear with multiple input and output variables. Model parameter values (e.g., an overall heat transfer coefficient, UA, in a heat exchanger model) need to be assigned so that the model adequately predicts the performance of the actual system. Parameters for a model of an operating system can be determined with regression techniques using measurements of model variables. The work Presented in this paper considers the multiresponse nonlinear parameter estimation problem associated with a system of interconnected components in a chilled-water ater plant. Methods studied for solving the estimation problem include ordinary least squares, weighted least squares, and a determinant criterion derived from om Bayesian? estimation theory. Potential pitfalls in multivariate regression such as linear dependencies among responses, are identified. The application and analysis of the parameter estimation methods are directed toward building a predictive model for use in optimal supervisory control strategies. Various solution methods are reviewed and applied to a simulated chilled-water plant for comparison and analysis. The parameter estimation techniques are then used to create a predictive model of an operational chilled-water plant. The plant has both electric and steam-driven chillers and cooling towers with multispeed fans. The goal of the predictive model is to predict variables associated with operational costs such? as electric motor power and steam consumption. The relative merits of the different regression techniques are judged (compared) according To how,yen the model can predict these cost-related variables. RP Flake, BA (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DAYTON,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1997 VL 103 BP 470 EP 485 PN 1 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJ30H UT WOS:A1997BJ30H00050 ER PT B AU Heminger, AR LeMaire, CE AF Heminger, AR LeMaire, CE BE Gupta, JND TI The World Wide Warehouse: Using the World Wide Web to support United States Air Force needs SO ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROCEEDING OF THE AMERICAS CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd AIS Americas Conference on Information Systems CY AUG 15-17, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Assoc Informat Syst AB In support of the United States allies, the United States Air Force makes military materiel available to foreign military sales (FMS) customers. It often happens that materiel provided to a country becomes obsolete, or excess, to that country as it upgrades or changes its weapons systems. That same materiel could be useful to one or more other allied countries. However, there has been no appropriate mechanism in place to allow one country to make its surplus materiel available to other countries. This paper provides an architecture for a.system that uses the World Wide Web to provide this capability. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Heminger, AR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOCIATION INFORMATION SYSTEMS PI ATLANTA PA P.O. BOX 2712, ATLANTA, GA 30301-2712 USA PY 1997 BP 780 EP 782 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BM44V UT WOS:000078771300262 ER PT B AU Sward, RE Hartrum, TC AF Sward, RE Hartrum, TC GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Extracting objects from legacy imperative code SO AUTOMATED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 97) CY NOV 01-05, 1997 CL INCLINE VILLAGE, NV SP IEEE Comp Soc, NASA Ames Res Ctr, AAAI, ACM SIGART, ACM SIGSOFT, Microsoft AB This paper presents a methodology for extracting objects from legacy imperative code. The Parameter-Based Object Identification (PBOI) methodology is based on the thesis that object attributes manifest themselves as data items passed from subprogram to subprogram in the imperative paradigm. A taxonomy of imperative subprograms is presented and the PBOI methodology is defined. Several examples are provided. RP Sward, RE (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7962-X PY 1997 BP 98 EP 106 DI 10.1109/ASE.1997.632829 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BK01R UT WOS:A1997BK01R00017 ER PT B AU Major, R Mera, J AF Major, R Mera, J GP IEEE TI C-5 digital technical order system (G-File) SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB This paper traces the evolution of the U.S. Air Force C-5 aircraft G-File from a paper based system to a digital technical order system (DTOS). The C-5 DTOS replaced over 275 kilograms (600 pounds) of paper based documentation carried aboard the aircraft with 12 compact discs(CD). More importantly, it allows maintenance personnel to focus totally on aircraft maintenance, by relieving them of the technical data maintenance chore. The system is providing flightline personnel access to digital technical data to support aircraft maintenance today. The electronic C-5 Technical Orders (TO) are also hosted on local area networks (LAN), at various bases, providing access to TO data for many more military and civilian personnel involved in the C-5, such as logisticians, project officers, TO managers, etc. The savings in fuel, due to the reduction in weight, plus the reduction in manpower, due to the eliminated requirement for flightline TO maintenance, was sufficient to provide an acceptable return on investment (ROI). The ROI is further enhanced by harder to measure factors such as improved aircraft mission readiness decreased aircraft TO replacement costs, and increased productivity. RP Major, R (reprint author), USAF,HQAMC,LGXI,SCOTT AFB,IL 62225, USA. OI , CITEF/0000-0002-7737-2051 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633544 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00005 ER PT B AU Allen, W LaRue, S Saindon, T AF Allen, W LaRue, S Saindon, T GP IEEE TI AUTOTESTCON 1997 GDE systems 437th AW guidance and control success story SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB The 437th Guidance and Control shop is an intermediate I-level back-shop located at Charleston Air Force Base (CAFE). Its primary purpose is to provide I-level service and repair to C-17 and C-141 line replaceable units (LRUs). The focus of this paper is the resounding success of the C-17 operation development and implementation. This includes the fielding of three digital audio/video stations (DAVs), two display unit test sets (DUTSs), 38 test program sets (TPSs), and related hardware, technical orders (TOs), training requirements, and process development Due to their efforts, the Guidance and Control shop received recognition with the Public Service Excellence Award for Air Mobility Command (AMC). RP Allen, W (reprint author), MCDONNELL DOUGLAS CORP,AEROSP,SUPPORT EQUIPMENT C 17,TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT,CHARLESTON AFB,SC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633548 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00008 ER PT B AU Kirkland, LV Wright, RG AF Kirkland, LV Wright, RG GP IEEE TI Functional testing philosophies using NEURAL NETWORKS SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB This paper describes the use of neural networks in combination with algorithmic test programs to aid ire improving test efficiency and accuracy, especially in test situations where ''bad actor'' test programs exist that have difficulty in detecting and isolating Unit. Under Test (UUT) failures. The paper will begin with a discussion of the theoretical basis for the use of neural networks as diagnostic aids. Specifically, as an electronic device or circuit is tested, the output of the Unit Under Test (UUT) may be considered as a function of the input. Through the use of multiple tests designed to exercise system capabilities in evaluating UUT performance, the characteristic behavior of the UUT can be established. Test results obtained from the knowledge of Automatic Test System (ATS) programmed stimulus and sensor readings can be used in conjunction with neural networks in classifying good and failed UUTs based upon this characteristic behavior. Indeed, failed UUT behavior can be further classified to distinguish faulty lower-level UUT assemblies and components. RP Kirkland, LV (reprint author), USAF,OO ALC,TISAC,7278 4TH ST,HILL AFB,UT 84056, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 88 EP 91 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633566 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00015 ER PT B AU Cotton, R Lopez, J AF Cotton, R Lopez, J GP IEEE TI Establishment of the B-2 avionics organic depot SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB The original depot repair strategy for the B-2 avionics called for the prime contractor to acquire the automatic test equipment (ATE) and the test program sets (TPS). However, faced with reductions in support budgets, the B-2 System Program Office (SPO) was forced to reconsider this strategy. Under the revised strategy the ATE would be acquired through the prime contractor while the TPSs would be developed using organic and private Industry resources Program Management (PM) responsibility for this program was assigned to OC-ALC/LALR, the B-2 Avionics Support Branch. This paper presents an overview of the activities to date for the establishment of the B-2 avionics organic depot, Also, a review of the rationale for the decision to organically develop support is provided along with key risk reduction features of the program. RP Cotton, R (reprint author), OC ALC,LALR,TINKER AFB,OK 73145, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 212 EP 217 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00033 ER PT B AU Nodine, WA Dean, JS AF Nodine, WA Dean, JS GP IEEE TI Gazing into the crystal ball SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB Within the Air Force shrinking budgets, organizational boundaries, policy changes and funding practices conspire to make Automatic Test System (ATS) management a truly challenging task. coupling this environment with the pace of standards and technology development in the test industry, and the mission olt the ATS Product Group Management (ATS PGM) office has often been akin to holding a tiger by the lair, This paper details same of the scenery along that ride, the steps we are taking to tame that tiger, and describes where we hope to end up (hopefully not as lunch). RP Nodine, WA (reprint author), LDA,ALC,SA,KELLY AFB,TX, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 346 EP 355 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00054 ER PT B AU Holm, D Haffarnan, J Dean, J AF Holm, D Haffarnan, J Dean, J GP IEEE TI ATS in the Air Force: The legacy and its challenges SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB The purpose of this paper is the emphasize the importance of sustaining ATS in support of the Air Force (AF) mission. The paper also addresses where our current sustainment business is centered, and the process improvements being developed in the Air Force ATS Product Group Manager (PGM) sustainment arena. (The ATS PGM is SA-ALC/LDA at Kelly AFB, Texas.) ATS has become the ''life blood'' of the maintenance shop with its speed, reliability and fewer personnel required to perform the testing. With the trend in the DoD toward sustaining existing weapon systems rather than developing new and costly ones, reduced maintenance costs derived from the utilization of common ATS solution can have a major impact on the AF's budget for many years to come. These cost savings would result from the reduced manpower required for operation, and due to a reduction in the numbers and types of equipment required for testing and repair. RP Holm, D (reprint author), LDAE,ALC,SA,KELLY AFB,TX 78241, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 356 EP 360 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00055 ER PT B AU Zimmermann, D Dean, JS AF Zimmermann, D Dean, JS GP IEEE TI The Air Force perspective on ATS standardization legacy, vision, and challenges SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB This paper will cover the forces behind the ATS PGM office's drive to commercial, open architecture standards (critical interfaces) in Automatic Test Systems. How we are identifying those standards, what we expect them to give us, and our plans for their continued evolution will also be discussed. RP Zimmermann, D (reprint author), LDAE,ALC,SA,KELLY AFB,TX 78241, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 361 EP 364 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633644 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00056 ER PT B AU Ahlburn, A Dean, JS AF Ahlburn, A Dean, JS GP IEEE TI ATS modernization in the Air Force SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB This paper will discuss the current efforts of the Air Force in moving our multitude of operational-and depot-level test systems towards a common architecture. Our current vision of what that architecture should be, and the programs we are participating in to achieve that common architecture, will be covered. RP Ahlburn, A (reprint author), LDAA,ALC,SA,KELLY AFB,TX 78241, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 365 EP 366 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633645 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00057 ER PT B AU Kirkland, LV Wright, RG AF Kirkland, LV Wright, RG GP IEEE TI The infusion of LASAR into VXI or how to utilize Fault Dictionary techniques in an open system SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB Utilizing Fault Dictionary information, derived from tables produced by Digital Automated Stimulus and Response modeling software, to diagnose circuit faults makes porting a UUT test to a PC-based, low-cost, open system VXI platform very feasible. Fault dictionary techniques employ a fault signature analysis routine to pin point UUT failures. These techniques are used in conjunction with stimulus and response data to discover defective UUTs and to fault isolate to specific defective components. RP Kirkland, LV (reprint author), USAF,TISAC,ALC,OO,7278 4TH ST,HILL AFB,UT 84056, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 367 EP 370 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.1997.633646 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00058 ER PT B AU Smith, G Schroeder, JB Navarro, S Haldeman, D AF Smith, G Schroeder, JB Navarro, S Haldeman, D GP IEEE TI Development of a prognostics & health management capability for the joint strike fighter SO AUTOTESTCON '97 - IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference (AUTOTESTCON 97) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE, Los Angeles Council AB The Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program is the focal point for defining the next generation of strike aircraft weapon systems for the Navy Marines, Air Farce, and allies. The focus of the program is affordability - reducing the costs of development, production, and ownership of the JSF family of aircraft. In addition to affordability as a ''pillar'' of the JSF program, three additional pillars have been established: survivability; lethality and supportability/deployabiltiy. These four pilfers have established the foundation for the design and development of the JSF weapon system. One of the keys to providing an affordable approach to supportability and depoyability lies in the strategy of prognostics and health management (PHM) and how if supports the concept of autonomic logistics. This paper focuses on the contribution of PHM and ifs relationship to autonomic logistics. RP Smith, G (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4162-7 PY 1997 BP 676 EP 682 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71J UT WOS:A1997BJ71J00104 ER PT J AU Luna, TD French, J Mitcha, JL AF Luna, TD French, J Mitcha, JL TI A study of USAF air traffic controller shiftwork: Sleep, fatigue, activity, and mood analyses SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; TEMPERATURE AB Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shift-specific sleep, general activity levels, mood and cognitive performance of air traffic controllers (ATCs) working a forward 2-2-2 rapid rotation shift schedule. Hypothesis: ATCs are more fatigued on the night-shift. Methods: ATCs recorded their sleep, oral temperature and subjective fatigue levels, took a computerized cognitive performance battery (n = 13) and completed the Profile of Mood States questionnaire (POMS) (n = 12). Actigraphs were used to objectively monitor general activity levels and score sleep and the restfulness of scored sleep (n = 9). Analyses were made on the basis of duty shift, post-shift, day of shift, and duty location. Results: There was significantly more actigraph scored sleep (85 min, p = 0.038), subjectively reported sleep (26 min, p = 0.009) and subjectively measured fatigue (p < 0.001) and confusion (p = 0.003) for the ATCs while they were on-duty on the night-shift. The night-shift was also associated with decreased vigor (p = 0.039) and general activity levels (p = 0.017). Significantly more sleep was reported (7.6 h, p = 0.01) and scored by actigraph (4.7 h, p = 0.02) following the swing-shift than following the day-shift. The radar approach ATCs reported greater confusion (p = 0.019) and less vigor (p = 0.002) than the tower ATCs. Insufficient trials were available for direct performance analysis. Conclusions: ATCs on the night-shift of a forward rapid rotation shift schedule appear to be falling asleep and report increased confusion and fatigue. Further study is indicated. C1 USAF,SCH AEROSP MED,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. ARMSTRONG LAB,SUSTAINED OPERAT BRANCH,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 68 IS 1 BP 18 EP 23 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA WD145 UT WOS:A1997WD14500004 PM 9006877 ER PT J AU Luna, TD AF Luna, TD TI Air traffic controller shiftwork: What are the implications for aviation safety? A review SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PHYSICAL-TRAINING INTERVENTION; CIRCADIAN PERFORMANCE RHYTHMS; SIMULATED NIGHT-SHIFT; SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE; BRIGHT LIGHT; BODY-TEMPERATURE; JET-LAG; SUSTAINED PERFORMANCE; TIMED EXPOSURE AB Most civilian and military air traffic control facilities in the United States use rapid rotation shift schedules. These schedules have generally been chosen for social reasons. Safety concerns have been raised because the air traffic controllers (ATCs) often carry an acute sleep debt onto the night-shift where they have little active work to do as they sit in the dark at the nadir of their circadian rhythms. This paper reviews advancing and delaying rapid shiftwork schedules, ATC workload factors as they relate to error rates and safety, and potential countermeasures. Recent studies indicate that ATC performance declines on the night-shift and that ATCs may be falling asleep while on-duty. There is indirect evidence that ATC error rates are highest on the night-shift. There are only limited studies which have evaluated potential countermeasures. The operational significance of the problems associated with ATC shiftwork is not yet clear. Further study is needed. C1 USAF,SCH AEROSP MED,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 141 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 8 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 68 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA WD145 UT WOS:A1997WD14500014 PM 9006887 ER PT J AU Mason, PA Escarciga, R Doyle, JM Romano, WF Berger, RE Donnellan, JP AF Mason, PA Escarciga, R Doyle, JM Romano, WF Berger, RE Donnellan, JP TI Amino acid concentrations in hypothalamic and caudate nuclei during microwave-induced thermal stress: Analysis by microdialysis SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE amino acids; electromagnetic fields; high-pressure liquid chromatography; neurochemistry; radiofrequency radiation; thermoregulation ID LOCALIZED HYPERTHERMIA; BRAIN; GLUTAMATE; RECEPTORS; NEUROTRANSMITTERS; THERMOREGULATION; DECEREBRATE; INVOLVEMENT; ELEVATION; ASPARTATE AB Exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) may produce thermal responses. Extracellular amino acid concentrations in the hypothalamus (Hyp) and caudate nucleus (CN) were measured by using in vivo microdialysis before and during exposure to RFR. Under urethane anesthetic, each rat was implanted stereotaxically with a nonmetallic microdialysis probe and temperature probe guides and then placed in the exposure chamber. The rat laid on its right side with its head and neck placed directly under the wave guide. Temperature probes were placed in the left brain, right brain, face (subcutaneously), left tympanum, and rectum. Each microdialysis sample was collected over a 20 min period. The microdialysis probe was perfused for 2 h before the rat was exposed to 5.02 GHz radiation (10 mu s pulse width, 1000 pulses/s). The right and left sides of the brain were maintained at approximately 41.2 and 41.7 degrees C, respectively, throughout a 40 min exposure period. Initially when the brain was being heated to these temperatures, the time-averaged specific absorption rates (SARs) for the right and left sides of the brain were 29 and 40 W/kg, respectively. Concentrations of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glutamine, and glycine in dialysate were determined by using high-pressure Liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In the Hyp and CN, the concentrations of aspartic acid, serine, and glycine increased significantly during RFR exposure (P <.05). These results indicate that RFR-induced thermal stress produces a general change in the amino acid concentrations that is not restricted to thermoregulatory centers. Changes in the concentrations of glutamic acid (Hyp, P = .16; CN, P = .34) and glutamine (Hyp, P = .13; CN, P = .10) were not statistically significant Altered amino acid concentrations may reveal which brain regions are susceptible to damage in response to RFR-induced thermal stress. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 SYST RES LABS INC,SAN ANTONIO,TX. OPERAT TECHNOL CORP,SAN ANTONIO,TX. USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,RADIOFREQUENCY RADIAT DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1997 VL 18 IS 3 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1997)18:3<277::AID-BEM12>3.0.CO;2-M PG 7 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA WR025 UT WOS:A1997WR02500013 PM 9096847 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR Frei, MR AF Jauchem, JR Frei, MR TI Body heating induced by sub-resonant (350 MHz) microwave irradiation: Cardiovascular and respiratory responses in anesthetized rats SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE radiofrequency radiation; heart rate; blood pressure; cardiovascular system ID RADIOFREQUENCY IRRADIATION; RADIATION; ORIENTATION; ABSORPTION; STRESS; TAIL AB These experiments were designed to investigate the effects of sub-resonant microwave (MW) exposure (350 MHz, E orientation, average power density 38 mW/cm(2), average whole-body specific absorption rate 13.2 W/kg) on selected physiological parameters. The increase in peripheral body temperature during 350 MHz exposure was greater than that in earlier experiments performed at 700 MHz (resonance). Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly elevated during a 1 degrees C increase in colonic temperature due to 350 MHz exposure; respiratory rate showed no significant change. The results are consistent with other investigators' reports comparing sub-resonance exposures with those at resonance and above. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 TRINITY UNIV, DEPT BIOL, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, ARMSTRONG LAB, OERB, OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE, RADIOFREQUENCY RADIAT DIV, BROOKS AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1997 VL 18 IS 4 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1997)18:4<335::AID-BEM6>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 4 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA WW558 UT WOS:A1997WW55800006 PM 9140664 ER PT J AU Blick, DW Adair, ER Hurt, WD Sherry, CJ Walters, TJ Merritt, JH AF Blick, DW Adair, ER Hurt, WD Sherry, CJ Walters, TJ Merritt, JH TI Thresholds of microwave-evoked warmth sensations in human skin SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Michaelson Research Conference CY AUG 11-15, 1995 CL KALISPELL, MT DE warmth threshold; psychophysics; infrared; microwaves; skin sensation AB We measured thresholds for microwave-evoked skin sensations of warmth at frequencies of 2.45, 7.5, 10, 35, and 94 GHz. In the same subjects, thresholds of warmth evoked by infrared radiation (IR) were also measured for comparison. Detection thresholds were measured on the skin in the middle of the back in 15 adult male human subjects at all microwave (MW) frequencies and with IR. Long duration (10-s), large area (327-cm(2)) stimuli were used to minimize any differential effects of temporal or spatial summation. Sensitivity increased monotonically with frequency throughout the range of microwave frequencies tested. The threshold at 94 GHz (4.5 +/- 0.6 mW/cm(2)) was more than an order of magnitude less than at 2.45 GHz (63.1 +/- 6.7 mW/cm(2)), and it was comparable to the threshold for IR (5.34 +/- 1.07 mW/cm(2)). (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 JOHN B PIERCE LAB,NEW HAVEN,CT. USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. RP Blick, DW (reprint author), SYST RES LABS INC,POB 35313,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1997 VL 18 IS 6 BP 403 EP 409 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1997)18:6<403::AID-BEM1>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 7 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA XP275 UT WOS:A1997XP27500001 PM 9261536 ER PT J AU Riu, PJ Foster, KR Blick, DW Adair, ER AF Riu, PJ Foster, KR Blick, DW Adair, ER TI A thermal model for human thresholds of microwave-evoked warmth sensations SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE warmth threshold; microwaves; bioheat equation; skin sensation AB Human thresholds for skin sensations of warmth were measured at frequencies from 2.45 to 94 GHz. By solving the one-dimensional bioheat equation, we calculated the temperature increase at the skin surface or at a depth of 175 mu m at incident power levels corresponding to the observed thresholds. The thermal analysis suggests that the thresholds correspond to a localized temperature increase of about 0.07 degrees C at and near the surface of the skin. We also found that, even at the highest frequency of irradiation, the depth at which the temperature receptors are located is not a relevant parameter, as long as it is within 0.3 mm of the surface. Over the time range of the simulation, the results of the thermal model are insensitive to blood flow, but sensitive to thermal conduction; and this sensitivity increases strongly with frequency. We conclude with an analysis of the effect of thermal conduction on surface temperature rise, which becomes a dominant factor at microwave frequencies over 10 GHz. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV PENN,DEPT BIOENGN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV POLITECN CATALUNYA,DEPT ELECT ENGN,BARCELONA,SPAIN. SYST RES LABS INC,BROOKS AFB,TX. USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,RADIOFREQUENCY RADIAT DIV,OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE,BROOKS AFB,TX. NR 18 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1997 VL 18 IS 8 BP 578 EP 583 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1997)18:8<578::AID-BEM6>3.0.CO;2-# PG 6 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA YD725 UT WOS:A1997YD72500006 PM 9383246 ER PT B AU Stauffer, TB Boggs, JM MacIntyre, WG AF Stauffer, TB Boggs, JM MacIntyre, WG BE Sayler, GS Sanseverino, J Davis, KL TI Ten years of research in groundwater transport studies at Columbus Air Force Base, Mississippi SO BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT SE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biotechnology in the Sustainable Environment CY APR 14-17, 1996 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Eastman Chem Co, E I DuPont De Nemours & Co Inc, Procter & Gamble, IT Corp, Dow Chem Co, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Oak Ridge Natl Labs, GE, Univ Tennessee, Waste Management Res & Educ Inst, Bio Cleanup Report C1 Armstrong Lab, EQC, Tyndall AFB, FL 32404 USA. RP Stauffer, TB (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, EQC, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32404 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45717-2 J9 ENVIR SCI R PY 1997 VL 54 BP 85 EP 96 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK14P UT WOS:000071321600009 ER PT J AU McGlasson, DL Ledford, M Barna, L Best, HA Hickman, JR AF McGlasson, DL Ledford, M Barna, L Best, HA Hickman, JR TI Rapid removal of platelets from plasma utilizing the Hepcheck(TM) heparin removal filter SO BLOOD COAGULATION & FIBRINOLYSIS LA English DT Article DE Hepchek; platelets; lupus anticoagulants; platelet-poor plasma ID LUPUS-ANTICOAGULANT; ANTIBODIES AB We investigated whether Hepchek(TM) heparin removal filters could remove residual platelets from platelet-poor plasma (PPP) without compromising samples for lupus anticoagulant (LA) testing. Furthermore we assessed what effect, if any, plasma filtration has on various clotting tests that form the foundation for LA testing. Citrated blood was obtained from 35 normal donors. Two sets of citrated tubes were processed in order to obtain PPP. Citrated blood was also obtained from a single donor to check the actual amounts of platelets removed by the Hepcheck(TM) filtration device. One set of PPP samples was filtered using the Hepchek(TM) filter device and the other was not processed, i.e. unfiltered. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and kaolin clotting time (KCT) were performed on both unfiltered and filtered samples that were tested immediately and after freezing at -70 degrees C for 24 h. Platelet counts on the single donor's citrated plasma were dramatically reduced after filtration. PT and APTT values showed small but statistically significant differences between unfiltered and filtered plasmas whether these were fresh or frozen samples. However, these differences mere not clinically significant. KCT darn showed statistical and clinical differences between unfiltered and filtered plasmas whether fresh or frozen plasmas were used. In contrast, KCT values were similar if unfiltered, fresh plasmas or filtered, frozen plasmas were used. Coagulation factor assays for factors VIII, IX and X were performed on both sets of PPP samples after freezing to determine if the filtration device affected these levels and would as a result, compromise APTT based lupus testing. Factor IX levels demonstrated a loss of activity following use of the device but no change was observed in factor VIII or factor X. Von Willebrand factor antigen and function as well as multimer structure were not affected by the filtration device in 10 normal donors. Filtering plasmas of two donors with a history of an LA dramatically prolonged clotting times for APTT, Dilute Viper Venom Time, mixing studies, and STACLOT(R) LA tests in comparison with unfiltered plasmas. The data indicate that plasma filtration using the Hepchek(TM) device does not adversely affect coagulation testing. Furthermore samples requiring testing for the lupus anticoagulant can be filtered and subsequently frozen and compare favorably with freshly processed samples. C1 UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,SPECIAL COAGULAT LAB,DEPT PATHOL,MIAMI,FL 33101. BALL MEM HOSP,MED RES LAB,MUNCIE,IN 47303. PSLCH,DEPT PATHOL,HEMATOL LAB,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,CLIN INVEST DIRECTORATE,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0957-5235 J9 BLOOD COAGUL FIBRIN JI Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis PD JAN PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.1097/00001721-199701000-00004 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA WN552 UT WOS:A1997WN55200004 PM 9105633 ER PT J AU Armstrong, DL Osaka, T Murphy, MR Kerenyi, SZ Miller, SA Hartgraves, SL AF Armstrong, DL Osaka, T Murphy, MR Kerenyi, SZ Miller, SA Hartgraves, SL TI Blockade of hippocampal long-term potentiation following soman pretreatment in the rat SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International-Society-of-Neurochemistry Meeting CY JUL 02-07, 1995 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Int Soc Neurochem DE soman; organophosphates; long-term potentiation; hippocampus; dentate gyrus ID SYNAPTIC POTENTIATION; NEUROPATHOLOGY; INDUCTION; MEMORY; CAMKII; PKC AB One of the most potent toxins known is the cholinesterase inhibitor, soman, which produces severe convulsions and cell loss in the central nervous system. In these experiments the effect of multiple low doses of soman on the acquisition and maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) was determined in rats. LTP is a form of synaptic plasticity that has been studied as a cellular substrate for learning and memory mechanisms. Under urethane anesthesia, electrodes were positioned in the dentate gyrus for recording evoked potentials before and after tetanic stimulation of the perforant path. LTP levels were greatly reduced in rats recovering from convulsion-inducing soman treatment. Rats exposed to similar amounts of soman, but not displaying convulsions, also displayed reduced levels of LTP. The responses recorded from these animals were highly variable, ranging from control revels of potentiation to no LTP. The variability could be attributed to some animals having convulsions that were not detected before surgery or to other interanimal differences in the degree of soman-induced toxicity. The long range goal of the experiments presented here is to develop a better rodent model for studying soman-induced functional changes in the CNS that can be detected prior to the gross morphological changes. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 UNIV OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,KITAKYUSHU,FUKUOKA 807,JAPAN. USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,RADIOFREQUENCY RADIAT DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PHYS THERAPY,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. RP Armstrong, DL (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,DIV LIFE SCI,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78249, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PY 1997 VL 43 IS 1 BP 117 EP 120 DI 10.1016/S0361-9230(96)00426-1 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XF390 UT WOS:A1997XF39000020 PM 9205805 ER PT J AU Jones, SP Fain, CC Edie, DD AF Jones, SP Fain, CC Edie, DD TI Structural development in mesophase pitch based carbon fibers produced from naphthalene SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon fibers; heat treatment; X-ray diffraction; crystal structure ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GRAPHITE; HF/BF3 AB Chemical impurities (principally sulfur) derived from petroleum-based precursor materials can impact the graphitization process by volatilizing during high temperature thermal treatment. In an attempt to eliminate the crystal damage caused by the evolution of sulfur-bearing gases from petroleum-based fibers, the present research utilizes a chemically pure precursor synthetically derived from naphthalene. Structural and chemical changes were then monitored as a function of heat treatment temperature with X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic techniques in an attempt to better understand how the graphitic crystal structure develops in these materials. As is the case with fibers produced from alternative precursors, gas evolution during the thermolysis region (i.e. < 1000 degrees C) damaged the crystal structure of the synthetically-derived fibers. Although this damage cannot be eliminated, optimization of all phases of fiber production can minimize the extent of crystal damage incurred during thermal processing. An ideal thermal treatment is also proposed which maximizes various physical properties by manipulating crystal structure. "Optimization" consisted of determining the relationships between structural properties and various physical properties (namely electrical resistivity and tensile modulus) of AR-derived carbon fibers. Using these relationships, the crystal structure in these fibers was manipulated (i.e. optimized) by controlling the thermal treatment process. Variables such as heating rate, dwell time and firing atmosphere were investigated. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, Propuls Directorate RKS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Clemson Univ, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Jones, SP (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, Propuls Directorate RKS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 1997 VL 35 IS 10-11 BP 1533 EP 1543 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(97)00106-1 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YM603 UT WOS:000071081300011 ER PT J AU Atwater, JE Akse, JR Rodarte, JM Thompson, JO Wang, TC Hurley, JA AF Atwater, JE Akse, JR Rodarte, JM Thompson, JO Wang, TC Hurley, JA TI Silicon carbide coated granular activated carbon: a robust support for low temperature aqueous phase oxidation catalysts SO CARBON LA English DT Letter DE activated carbon; carbon-supported catalysts C1 UMPQUA Res Co, Myrtle Creek, OR 97457 USA. USAF, Armstrong Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Atwater, JE (reprint author), UMPQUA Res Co, POB 609, Myrtle Creek, OR 97457 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 1997 VL 35 IS 10-11 BP 1678 EP 1679 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(97)82803-5 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YM603 UT WOS:000071081300036 ER PT J AU Ludwig, LL Schertel, ER Pratt, JW McClure, DE Ying, AJ Heck, CF Myerowitz, PD AF Ludwig, LL Schertel, ER Pratt, JW McClure, DE Ying, AJ Heck, CF Myerowitz, PD TI Impairment of left ventricular function by acute cardiac lymphatic obstruction SO CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ventricular function; lymph flow; edema; dog, anesthetized ID CONDUCTANCE CATHETER; MYOCARDIAL EDEMA; HEART; VOLUME; BLOOD AB Objectives: We performed the following study to define the effects of acute cardiac lymphatic obstruction on left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function. Methods: Cardiac lymphatic obstruction was created in 8 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs by identifying (Evans blue) and ligating the right and left epicardial lymphatics, the afferent and efferent lymphatics associated with the pretrachael and cardiac lymph nodes, and the thoracic duct. Left ventricular function was assessed by analysis of micromanometer-conductance catheter-derived LV pressure-volume relationships. Contractility was assessed by preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW). The active and passive phases of LV relaxation were assessed by the time constant of isovolumic relaxation (tau) and the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (stiffness), respectively. Results: PRSW decreased significantly and tau increased significantly from baseline at 1, 2, and 3 h after cardiac lymphatic obstruction (n = 8), but stiffness did not change, Cardiac lymphatic obstruction had similar effects on LV function in a group of autonomically blocked dogs (n = 5). Left ventricular function did not change in sham treated controls (n = 8). Cardiac lymphatic obstruction induced a significant increase in LV wet/dry weight ratios (3.58 +/- 0.01) when compared to the control group (3.53 +/- 0.02), Histopathology of the myocardium in the lymphatic obstruction groups revealed significant lymphangiectasis and increased interstitial spacing when compared to controls, Conclusions: Acute cardiac lymphatic obstruction depresses contractility and active relaxation and causes mild LV myocardial edema but does not alter diastolic stiffness. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT SURG,DIV THORAC & CARDIOVASC SURG,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PREVENT MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT SURG,PSSG,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6363 J9 CARDIOVASC RES JI Cardiovasc. Res. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 164 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0008-6363(96)00177-0 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA WC727 UT WOS:A1997WC72700020 PM 9059540 ER PT B AU Donbar, JM Driscoll, JF Carter, CD AF Donbar, JM Driscoll, JF Carter, CD GP COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT COMBUSTION INST, E STATES SECT TI Simultaneous CH planar laser-induced fluorescence and particle imaging velocimetry in permanently blue nonpremixed turbulent jet flames SO CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN COMBUSTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Fall Technical Meeting of the Eastern-States-Section of the Combustion-Institute on Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL HARTFORD, CT SP Combust Inst, E States Sect AB We report simultaneous measurement of the flamefront location, using CH planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF), and the velocity field, using two-color digital particle imaging velocimetry (PIV), in nonsooting, permanently blue nonpremixed turbulent jet flames. To minimize the influence of particle scattering on the CH PLIF images, we pumped a CH B-X(0,0) transition at 390 nm and detected A-X fluorescence at 420-440 nm, employing colored glass to filter out the strong particle scattering. The PIV image was recorded on a high-resolution (2036x3060 pixels) color CCD camera, and the velocities were derived from 64- or 128-pixel-square interrogation regions. PLIF images reveal a CH layer thickness that is less than or equal to 1 mm from flame base to tip. Furthermore, in these permanently blue flames, we observe instantaneous flamefront strain rates in excess of +/-10,000 s(-1) without flame extinction. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, POPT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Donbar, JM (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, POPT, Bldg 18A,1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMBUSTION INSTITUTE EASTERN STATES SECTION PI HARTFORD PA HARTFORD, CT 00000 USA PY 1997 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BK13J UT WOS:000071292500022 ER PT J AU Lucey, DR Pinto, LA Bethke, FR Rusnak, J Melcher, GP Hashemi, FN Landay, AL Kessler, HA Paxton, RJ Grabstein, K Shearer, GM AF Lucey, DR Pinto, LA Bethke, FR Rusnak, J Melcher, GP Hashemi, FN Landay, AL Kessler, HA Paxton, RJ Grabstein, K Shearer, GM TI In vitro immunologic and virologic effects of interleukin 15 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED KILLER-CELLS; BETA-CHAIN; NK-CELLS; IN-VITRO; LYMPHOKINE; INFECTION; PROLIFERATION; INDIVIDUALS; INDUCTION; RECEPTOR AB Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that shares receptor subunits and functional activity, such as T-cell and B-cell stimulation, with IL-2. The effect of IL-2 on immune function and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load in HIV-infected patients is being actively studied. Thus, we examined how IL-15 compares with IL-2 in several in vitro immunologic and virologic assays in order to explore whether a rationale exists for pursuing initial clinical therapeutic trials With IL-15. The effects of IL-15 on induction of lymphokine-activated killer (Wt) cells, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production from HN-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and HIV production from PBMCs were studied. Induction of Wt cells by IL-15 was found in eight of eight HIV positive donors. Incubation of PBMCs from some donors with IL-15 (1, 10, 50, and 100 ng/ml) induced production of IFN-gamma. The effect of IL-15 was compared with that of IL-2 on HIV replication in PBMCs from five HIV-positive patients and four HIV-negative donors whose PBMCs were infected in vitro with HIV. Levels of HIV p24 antigen were moderately lower in the presence of 10 ng of IL-15 per mi than with 10 ng of IL-2 per mi, but they were similar for 100 and 500 ng of each cytokine per mi. In summary, IL-15 can induce LAK cell activity in HIV-seropositive patients and can stimulate IFN-gamma production from PBMCs of some donors. IL 15 stimulates levels of HIV production from PBMCs which are similar to or moderately lower than those obtained with IL-2, depending on cytokine concentration. C1 NCI, EXPT IMMUNOL BRANCH, NIH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NCI, FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR, PROGRAM RESOURCES INC DYNCORP, BIOL CARCINOGENESIS & DEV PROGRAM, FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78236 USA. RUSH MED COLL, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. IMMUNEX CORP, SEATTLE, WA USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 4 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA WB629 UT WOS:A1997WB62900008 PM 9008279 ER PT J AU Auchus, RJ Shewbridge, RK Shepherd, MD AF Auchus, RJ Shewbridge, RK Shepherd, MD TI Which patients benefit from provocative adrenal testing after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery? SO CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine-Society CY JUN 14-17, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Endocrine Soc, Minist Educ, Sci & Culture Japan, Dtsch ForschGemeinsch ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION; ADENOMAS; DIAGNOSIS; AXIS AB OBJECTIVE Recent data suggest that recovery of anterior pituitary function promptly follows surgical decompression and that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis assessment need not be delayed following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. We hypothesized that one protocol for both glucocorticoid supplementation and axis investigation prior to discharge may be applied to all transsphenoidal pituitary surgery patients, The protocol examined the merits of preoperative testing and of basal and hypoglycaemia-stimulated cortisol and ACTH measurements in post-operative axis evaluation. DESIGN Rapid tetracosactrin stimulation testing classified patients according to preoperative adrenal integrity. All patients received tapered doses of hydrocortisone beginning on the morning of surgery and discontinued after 48 hours. PATIENTS Of 28 consecutive patients with various pituitary tumours, 19 completed all aspects of the protocol, All evaluable information from the other 9 was incorporated into the final conclusions and recommendations. MEASUREMENTS Morning serum cortisol was measured 24 hours after the last hydrocortisone dose. Plasma ACTH and serum cortisol were measured during insulin tolerance testing within 8 days after surgery. Patients received clinical evaluations and repeat testing as clinically indicated during 6-30 months of follow-up. RESULTS Both peak serum cortisol > 550 nmol/l and peak plasma ACTH of > 4.4 pmol/l during insulin tolerance testing were 100% sensitive and specific in predicting sustained hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis integrity after surgery. For patients entering surgery with normal tetracosactrin tests, an initial morning serum cortisol > 270 nmol/l provided 100% specificity for preserved axis integrity, but a low cortisol did not indicate axis dysfunction. For patients entering surgery with cortisol deficiency, an initial morning cortisol < 60 nmol/l indicated sustained axis failure, but higher values proved inconclusive. However, the basal cortisol, but not ACTH, on the day of insulin tolerance testing conclusively defined axis status in 18 of 19 study patients (95%). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that (1) a 48-hour perioperative hydrocortisone reducing regimen may be used in all uncomplicated transsphenoidal pituitary surgery cases regardless of pituitary-adrenal axis status before surgery; (2) preoperative adrenal testing aids interpretation of the initial morning serum cortisol and may be used to direct further testing; (3) a single morning serum cortisol drawn 24 hours after glucocorticoid withdrawal suffices for pituitary adrenal axis investigation if results suggest no change in axis function, as occurred in most study patients; (4) while insulin tolerance testing 5-8 days after surgery is 100% accurate in determining the need for sustained glucocorticoid replacement due to clinically significant hypopituitarism, repeat morning cortisol measurement obviates provocative testing in 95% of cases; and (5) basal and stimulated plasma ACTH values provide no information additional to serum cortisol measurements in post-operative axis evaluation. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ENDOCRINOL PSME,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DIV ENDOCRINOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0300-0664 J9 CLIN ENDOCRINOL JI Clin. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 46 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.d01-1748.x PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WH096 UT WOS:A1997WH09600005 PM 9059554 ER PT J AU Ingari, JV Pederson, WC AF Ingari, JV Pederson, WC TI Update on tendon repair SO CLINICS IN PLASTIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID FLEXOR-TENDON; ZONE-II; INJURIES; MOBILIZATION; CHILDREN; HAND AB Successful repair of injured tendons - both flexors and extensors - remains one of the ongoing challenges facing the hand surgeon. The latest information on surgical techniques, postoperative rehabilitation, and the role of pharmacologic adjuncts in tendon repair surgery are presented. Pertinent tendon anatomy, physiology of tendon healing, and historical aspects are covered as well. Controversial issues, including indications for repair of partial tendon lacerations and whether or not the tendon sheath should be repaired, are addressed. Illustrated examples of individual tendon repair techniques are included. RP Ingari, JV (reprint author), MALCOLM GROW MED CTR,HAND SURG SERV,DEPT ORTHOPED,ANDREWS AFB,MD, USA. NR 89 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0094-1298 J9 CLIN PLAST SURG JI Clin. Plast. Surg. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 161 EP & PG 14 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA WE080 UT WOS:A1997WE08000012 PM 9211035 ER PT S AU Kerans, RJ Parthasarathy, TA AF Kerans, RJ Parthasarathy, TA BE Fuentes, M MartinezEsnaola, JM Daniel, AM TI Debond crack roughness, interface properties and fiber coating design in ceramic composites SO CMMC 96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CERAMIC AND METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Ceramic and Metal Matrix Composites (CMMC 96) CY SEP 09-12, 1996 CL SAN SEBASTIAN, SPAIN SP Ctr Estudios & Investigac Tecn Gipuzkoa, Univ Navarra, Escuela Super Ingenieros, Diputac Foral Gipuzkoa, Dept Ind Agr & Pesca, Gobierno Vasco, Dept Educ Univ & Investigac, Gobierno Vasco, Comis Interminist Cien & Tecnol, Madrid, European Commiss, Directorate Gen XII DE fiber; composite; interface; coating; interphase; debonding; crack deflection; coating toughness; coating design; interface roughness; interface topography; fiber roughness ID BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES; PUSHOUT TESTS; STABILITY; MONAZITE; ALUMINA; STRESS AB Recent research on ceramic composites indicates that matrix crack deflection at fibers and subsequent fiber debonding and pullout are more complex processes than they have commonly been considered to be. Topography of the interfacial fracture surface has been shown to be a significant contributor to interfacial friction and, hence, is a strong determinant of debond length and, therefore, composite properties The nuances of interface failure behavior have direct implications on the design of alternative fiber coatings for interface control. One requirement involves control of the coating compliance while another involves control of the interfacial fracture path, in addition to the first order requirement of accomplishing crack deflection, Such issues will require explicit attention for development of effective oxide based approaches. These design requirements have been inferred as a result of consideration of the effects of fiber debond surface topography. Rough-surface modeling of experimental data has also provided preliminary evidence that the design space for coating toughness is larger than previously thought. Current understanding of the design requirements for fiber coatings, as derived from roughness related work, are summarized and outstanding issues identified. C1 UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC, WRIGHT LAB, DAYTON, OH 45432 USA. RP Kerans, RJ (reprint author), USAF, WRIGHT LAB, MAT DIRECTORATE, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS PI CLAUSTHAL ZELLERFE PA EINERSBERGER BLICK 28, PO BOX 266, W-3392 CLAUSTHAL ZELLERFE, GERMANY SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-753-6 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 1997 VL 127-3 BP 51 EP 62 PN 1 & 2 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BH18K UT WOS:A1997BH18K00005 ER PT S AU Gundel, DB Majumdar, BS Warrier, SG Gambone, ML AF Gundel, DB Majumdar, BS Warrier, SG Gambone, ML BE Fuentes, M MartinezEsnaola, JM Daniel, AM TI A comprehensive approach to understanding the influence of the fiber/matrix interface on the properties of SiC fiber/Ti-alloy composites SO CMMC 96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CERAMIC AND METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Ceramic and Metal Matrix Composites (CMMC 96) CY SEP 09-12, 1996 CL SAN SEBASTIAN, SPAIN SP Ctr Estudios & Investigac Tecn Gipuzkoa, Univ Navarra, Escuela Super Ingenieros, Diputac Foral Gipuzkoa, Dept Ind Agr & Pesca, Gobierno Vasco, Dept Educ Univ & Investigac, Gobierno Vasco, Comis Interminist Cien & Tecnol, Madrid, European Commiss, Directorate Gen XII DE titanium matrix composites; fiber-matrix interface; tensile behavior; fatigue crack growth; fiber strength ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; CRACK DEFLECTION AB Unidirectionally reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMC's) have significant potential to replace more dense materials in future aerospace applications; however, their current low transverse strength motivates the development of new interface systems. To guide the selection of an optimum interface, a comprehensive approach to the characterization of the effect of the fiber-matrix interface on the composite properties must be developed, In the present work, simplified test techniques using microcomposite specimens to investigate the interface influence on the fiber strength and the transverse tensile, longitudinal tensile, and fatigue crack growth behavior of the composite are discussed. These techniques have been successfully employed to understand the role of the interface on the composite properties of interest and have significant promise for future interface development studies. C1 UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC, DAYTON, OH 45432 USA. USAF, WRIGHT LAB, MAT DIRECTORATE, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gundel, DB (reprint author), SYSTRAN CORP, 4126 LINDEN AVE, DAYTON, OH 45432 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS PI CLAUSTHAL ZELLERFE PA EINERSBERGER BLICK 28, PO BOX 266, W-3392 CLAUSTHAL ZELLERFE, GERMANY SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-753-6 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 1997 VL 127-3 BP 631 EP 638 PN 1 & 2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BH18K UT WOS:A1997BH18K00071 ER PT S AU Gambone, ML Gundel, DB AF Gambone, ML Gundel, DB BE Fuentes, M MartinezEsnaola, JM Daniel, AM TI The effect of W-core/SiC reaction on the strength of SiC fibers in SiC/Ti-alloy composites SO CMMC 96 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CERAMIC AND METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Ceramic and Metal Matrix Composites (CMMC 96) CY SEP 09-12, 1996 CL SAN SEBASTIAN, SPAIN SP Ctr Estudios & Investigac Tecn Gipuzkoa, Univ Navarra, Escuela Super Ingenieros, Diputac Foral Gipuzkoa, Dept Ind Agr & Pesca, Gobierno Vasco, Dept Educ Univ & Investigac, Gobierno Vasco, Comis Interminist Cien & Tecnol, Madrid, European Commiss, Directorate Gen XII DE titanium matrix composites; SiC fiber; thermal exposure; strength degradation AB Silicon carbide monofilaments manufactured by chemical vapor deposition are the primary reinforcement in titanium-alloy matrix composites. In this study, W-core/SiC fibers were consolidated in a Ti-22Al-23Nb (atomic percent) matrix. Samples of this composite were then subjected to heat-treatments in an inert environment which ranged in temperature from 800 to 1000 degrees C and duration from 25 to 225 hours. The fibers were chemically extracted from the matrix and tensile tested to measure their strength. The rate of the W-core/SiC reaction was measured and compared to that reported in previous research, and the effect of the reaction products on the fiber strength distribution was characterized to determine the limits of exposure to which such fibers may be subjected. C1 SYSTRAN INC, DAYTON, OH USA. RP Gambone, ML (reprint author), USAF, WRIGHT LAB, MAT DIRECTORATE, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS PI CLAUSTHAL ZELLERFE PA EINERSBERGER BLICK 28, PO BOX 266, W-3392 CLAUSTHAL ZELLERFE, GERMANY SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-753-6 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 1997 VL 127-3 BP 1251 EP 1257 PN 1 & 2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BH18K UT WOS:A1997BH18K00145 ER PT B AU Desjardins, DD Hopper, DG AF Desjardins, DD Hopper, DG BE Hopper, DG TI Military market for flat panel displays SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS IV: FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Cockpit Displays - Flat Panel Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB This paper addresses the number, function and size of primary military displays and establishes a basis to determine the opportunities for technology insertion in the immediate future and into the next millenium. The military displays market is specified by such parameters as active area and footprint size, and other characteristics such as luminance, gray scale, resolution, color capability and night vision imaging system (NVIS) capability. A select grouping of funded, future acquisitions, planned and predicted cockpit kits, and form-fit-function upgrades are taken into account. It is the intent of this paper to provide an overview of the DoD niche market, allowing both government and industry a timely reference to insure meeting DoD requirements for flat-panel displays on schedule and in a cost-effective manner. The aggregate DoD market for direct view displays is presently estimated to be in excess of 157,000. Helmet/head mounted displays will add substantially to this total. The vanishing vendor syndrome (VVS) for older display technologies is becoming a growing, pervasive problem throughout DoD, which consequently must leverage the more modern display technologies being developed for civil-commercial markets. RP Desjardins, DD (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,DISPLAYS BRANCH,BLDG 146,RM 122,2210 8TH ST STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2472-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3057 BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.277015 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ23L UT WOS:A1997BJ23L00004 ER PT B AU Ghrayeb, J Jackson, TW Daniels, R Hopper, DG AF Ghrayeb, J Jackson, TW Daniels, R Hopper, DG BE Hopper, DG TI Review of field emission display potential as a future (leap-frog) flat panel technology SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS IV: FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Cockpit Displays - Flat Panel Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE field emission display (FED); active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD); cathode ray tube (CRT); vacuum fluorescent display (VFD); high gain emission display (HGED); flat panel display (FPD); spindt cathode; thin film diamond; phosphor (high and low voltage) AB Flat panel display (FPD) technologies have emerged with smaller depth, size, and power than the cathode ray tube (CRT) technology that now dominates the direct view display market. Liquid crystal displays (LCD) in general and active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCD), in particular, are presently the FPD technology of choice. However, the FPD and CRT markets are dominated by Asian manufacturers. Any startup FPD technology, regardless of its advantages, will encounter much difficulty to displace such entrenched, mature, and dominating display technologies. However, increasing demand for FPDs may require entirely new technologies designed to serve the same end markets. Such a new entry could leapfrog the AMLCD in FPD market share as the overall market grows. During the past few years much activity has occurred in several new FPD technologies, including field emission display (FED), that promises many advantages over AMLCD. Some observers consider the FED entry as having leapfrog potential and major investments are being made to further it's advancement. This paper examines the past, present, and future of the nascent FED technology to assess its successes as well as to support or refute the claim the FED will leapfrog AMLCD and/or establish its own niche within the overall display market. Also, past projected claims by FED manufacturers about future targeted markets and product availability are reviewed. This data is compared with what is currently available from other FPD technologies, including the recent work on high gain emissive displays (HGED) and vacuum fluorescent displays (VFD). RP Ghrayeb, J (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,BLDG 146,RM 122,2210 8TH ST STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2472-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3057 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1117/12.277022 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ23L UT WOS:A1997BJ23L00025 ER PT B AU Haralson, DG Hopper, DG AF Haralson, DG Hopper, DG BE Hopper, DG TI Commercial portable projection systems: Technology and market trends SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS IV: FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Cockpit Displays - Flat Panel Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE high resolution; portable; projection systems; display technologies; market trends AB The development of compact high resolution display sources, high output light sources, and the continued miniaturization of electronics has facilitated development of portable, self contained full color electronic projection systems. These systems typically can display high resolution PC based graphics as well as video information with high image quality and luminance. The commercial marketplace is continuing to drive display resolution and luminance up while demanding decreased projector size, weight and costs. This paper, focusing on portable electronic projection systems, describes the systems and display technologies currently available, provides an overview of system architecture and components, discusses the current commercial electronic projection marketplace and trends, and briefly highlights some potential military uses for these new systems. RP Haralson, DG (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,BLDG 146 RM 122,2210 8TH ST STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2472-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3057 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.1117/12.277031 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ23L UT WOS:A1997BJ23L00031 ER PT B AU Venner, R Lee, RD Daniels, R Hopper, DG AF Venner, R Lee, RD Daniels, R Hopper, DG BE Hopper, DG TI Insertion of advanced display technology into head-up displays SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS IV: FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Cockpit Displays - Flat Panel Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE displays; cathode-ray tube (CRT); avionics displays; cockpit displays; instruments; electronic displays; head-up displays (HUD); Flat Panel Display (FPD); diffractive optics; image combiner AB Head-Up Displays (HUD) have long been used to provide pilots of military combat aircraft with information essential for the accurate aiming of weapons. By making use of evolving technologies designers have, over the years, increased the usefulness of these displays. The most modern examples of this type of display are now capable of displaying simultaneously large amounts of information including weapons release information, primary flying references, and images from sensors. The HUD is now accepted as a primary flight reference. Information and images are projected onto the combiner glass in a way that makes it unnecessary for the pilot to look away from the outside scene and re-focus on a Head Down Display(HDD). HUDs are also viewable under all ambient lighting conditions. Whilst the military has long used these displays, a growing number of commercial aviation managers have begun to consider the real benefits of adopting this technology. The availability of cheaper, lighter, smaller, and more reliable HUDs would increase the potential market for these useful systems which can enhance safety during landing and take-off phases of flight. This paper explains the need and opportunities for the future improvement of HUDs by the insertion of advanced display technologies. RP Venner, R (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,BLDG 146 RM 122,2210 8TH ST STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2472-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3057 BP 382 EP 389 DI 10.1117/12.276997 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ23L UT WOS:A1997BJ23L00042 ER PT B AU Lee, RD Donofrio, RL Daniels, R Venner, R Hopper, DG AF Lee, RD Donofrio, RL Daniels, R Venner, R Hopper, DG BE Hopper, DG TI Automotive and avionics applications of CRTs SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS IV: FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Cockpit Displays - Flat Panel Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE displays; cathode-ray tube (CRT); avionics displays; automotive displays; cockpit displays; instruments; electronic displays; graphics generation; head-up display (HUD); head-down display (HDD) AB This paper addresses the automotive and avionics application of cathode-ray tubes (CRTs). Some discussion of the key attributes of displays is included. Examples of the different types of high information content displays are discussed. Automotive and avionics environments are briefly addressed. Typical CRTs and their subsystems are addressed as well as the demands that avionics environment and automotive environment contribute to a design/use trade-off analysis. The disadvantages and advantages of CRT technology in general are addressed as well as some example applications being offered in aviation and automotive vehicles. RP Lee, RD (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,BLDG 146 RM 122,2210 8TH ST STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2472-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3057 BP 414 EP 425 DI 10.1117/12.277000 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ23L UT WOS:A1997BJ23L00045 ER PT B AU Sholler, EA Meyer, FM Lucente, M Hopper, DG AF Sholler, EA Meyer, FM Lucente, M Hopper, DG BE Hopper, DG TI True 3-D displays for avionics and mission crewstations SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS IV: FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Cockpit Displays - Flat Panel Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE true three-dimensional display; 3-D fonts; computer-generated hologram; holography; acousto-optic modulator; spatial light modulator; simulators; trainers; crewstations; battlestations; cockpits; holovideo AB Three-dimensional (3-D) threat projection has been shown to decrease the human recognition time for events, especially for a jet fighter pilot or C4I** sensor operator when the advantage of realization that a hostile threat condition exists is the basis of survival. Decreased threat recognition time improves the survival rate and results from more effective presentation techniques, including the visual cue of true three-dimensional (T3D) display. The concept of ''font'' describes the approach adopted here, but whereas a 2-D font comprises pixel bitmaps, a T3D font herein comprises a set of hologram bitmaps. The T3D font bitmaps are pre-computed, stored, and retrieved as needed to build images comprising symbols and/or characters. Human performance improvement, hologram generation for a true 3-D symbol font (see-through 3-D stick images), projection requirements, and potential hardware implementation schemes are described. The goal is to employ computer-generated holography to create T3D depictions of a dynamic threat environments using fieldable hardware. RP Sholler, EA (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,BLDG 146 RM 122,2210 8TH ST STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2472-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3057 BP 478 EP 489 DI 10.1117/12.277005 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ23L UT WOS:A1997BJ23L00051 ER PT B AU Jackson, TW Daniels, R Hopper, DG AF Jackson, TW Daniels, R Hopper, DG BE Hopper, DG TI Flat panel display test and evaluation: Procedures, standards and facilities SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS IV: FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Cockpit Displays - Flat Panel Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE flat panel displays; test and evaluation procedures; display measurement standards; avionics displays; instruments; electronic displays; head-down display AB This paper addresses flat panel display test and evaluation via a discussion of procedures, standards and facilities. Procedures need to be carefully developed and documented to ensure that tests accomplished in separate laboratories produce comparable results. The tests themselves must not be a source of inconsistency in test results when such comparisons are made in the course of procurements or new technology prototype evaluations. Standards are necessary to expedite the transition of the new display technologies into applications and to lower the costs of custom parts applied across disparate applications. The flat panel display industry is in the course of ascertaining and formulating such standards as they are of value to designers, manufacturers, marketers and users of civil and military products and equipment. Additionally, in order to inform the Department of Defense (DoD) and industry, the test and evaluation facilities of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Displays Branch are described. These facilities are available to support procurements involving flat panel displays and to examine new technology prototypes. Finally, other government display testing facilities within the Navy and the Army are described. RP Jackson, TW (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,DISPLAYS BRANCH,BLDG 146 RM 122,2210 8TH ST STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2472-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3057 BP 514 EP 525 DI 10.1117/12.277010 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ23L UT WOS:A1997BJ23L00055 ER PT J AU Elliott, GS Glumac, N Carter, CD Nejad, AS AF Elliott, GS Glumac, N Carter, CD Nejad, AS TI Two-dimensional temperature field measurements using a molecular filter based technique SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE temperature measurement; Rayleigh scattering; filtered Rayleigh scattering; 2-D imaging; thermometry ID SPECTRAL RESOLUTION LIDAR AB Filtered Rayleigh Scattering (FRS) has been investigated to determine the feasibility of the technique to obtain instantaneous two-dimensional temperature measurements in reacting flows. The laser frequency, of an injection seeded Nd:YAG laser, is tuned to an absorption line of iodine which is contained in an optical cell. The iodine filter is placed in Front of an intensified CCD camera recording the scattered light. Background scattering from solid surfaces and particles is strongly absorbed by the iodine, while much of the Doppler broadened Rayleigh scattering is transmitted by the filter. The gas temperature can then be deduced from the measured transmission of the molecular Rayleigh scattering. Two different premixed flames were investigated, a hydrogen-air flame created using a Hencken burner and a methane-air flame. The accuracy of the FRS measurements was investigated by comparing FRS-derived temperatures with calculated values and temperatures recorded with coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. For the hydrogen-air flames, the FRS method gave temperatures within 2% of the expected value (from measurement and/or calculation). Methane-air flames were investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness elf FRS to measure temperatures near surfaces (within 300 mu m) and to obtain ''large field'' two-dimensional temperature information in a buoyantly driven flame. A detailed uncertainty analyses is provided to show the strengths and limitations of the FRS technique for temperature measurements in reacting flows. C1 INNOVAT SCI SOLUT INC, DAYTON, OH 45440 USA. AERO PROP & POWER DIRECTORATE, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP RUTGERS STATE UNIV, POB 909, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA. RI Glumac, Nick/C-1730-2015 OI Glumac, Nick/0000-0001-6673-0573 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 EI 1563-521X J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 125 IS 1-6 BP 351 EP + DI 10.1080/00102209708935663 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YH995 UT WOS:A1997YH99500011 ER PT B AU Mucks, J AF Mucks, J BE Carapezza, EM Spector, D TI Timeline analysis tools for law enforcement SO COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence Systems for Law Enforcement CY NOV 19-21, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, Fed Bureau Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Technol Ctr DE visualization; analysis; timeline AB The Timeline Analysis System (TAS) was developed by Rome Laboratory to assist intelligence analysts with the comprehension of large amounts of information. Under the TAS program data visualization, manipulation and reasoning tools were developed in close coordination with end users. The initial TAS prototype was developed for foreign command and control analysts at Space Command in Colorado Springs and was fielded there in 1989. The TAS prototype replaced manual paper timeline maintenance and analysis techniques and has become an integral part of Space Command's information infrastructure. TAS was designed to be domain independent and has been tailored and proliferated to a number of other users. The TAS program continues to evolve because of strong user support. User funded enhancements and Rome Lab funded technology upgrades have significantly enhanced TAS over the years and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. TAS was recently provided to the New York State Police (NYSP) for evaluation using actual case data. Timeline analysis it turns out is a popular methodology used in law enforcement. The evaluation has led to a more comprehensive application and evaluation project sponsored by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ). This paper will describe the capabilities of TAS, results of the initial NYSP evaluation and the plan for a more comprehensive NYSP evaluation. RP Mucks, J (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,IRDS,32 HANGAR RD,ROME,NY 13441, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2340-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2938 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1117/12.266723 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH32L UT WOS:A1997BH32L00001 ER PT B AU Uvanni, LA Sibert, R Birnbaum, E AF Uvanni, LA Sibert, R Birnbaum, E BE Carapezza, EM Spector, D TI A neural network for intelligent query of an FBI forensic database SO COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence Systems for Law Enforcement CY NOV 19-21, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, Fed Bureau Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Technol Ctr AB EXAMINER is an automated fired cartridge case identification system utilizing a dual-use neural network pattern recognition technology, called the Statistical - Multiple Object Detection and Location System (S-MODALS) developed by Booz . Allen & Hamilton, Inc. in conjunction with Rome Laboratory. S-MODALS was originally designed for Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) of tactical and strategic military targets using multisensor fusion (Electro-Optical (EO), Infrared (IR), and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)) sensors (Refs. 1-6). Since S-MODALS is a learning system readily adaptable to problem domains other than automatic target recognition, the pattern matching problem of microscopic marks for firearms evidence was analyzed using S-MODALS. The physics; phenomenology; discrimination and search strategies; robustness requirements; error level and confidence level propagation that apply to the pattern matching problem of military targets were found to be applicable to the ballistic domain as well. The Examiner system uses S-MODALS to rank a set of queried cartridge case images from the most similar to the least similar image in reference to an investigative fired cartridge case image. The paper presents three independent tests and evaluation studies of the EXAMINER System utilizing the S-MODALS technology for the Federal Bureau of Investigation(1). RP Uvanni, LA (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,32 HANGAR RD,ROME,NY 13441, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2340-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2938 BP 16 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.266749 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH32L UT WOS:A1997BH32L00003 ER PT B AU Shyne, SS AF Shyne, SS BE Carapezza, EM Spector, D TI Distributed surveillance network utilizes neural networks for stolen vehicle detection SO COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence Systems for Law Enforcement CY NOV 19-21, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, Fed Bureau Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Technol Ctr DE video surveillance; scene analysis; neural networks; traffic monitoring AB Real-time Automated Surveillance for Counteracting Automobile Larceny (RASCAL) is envisioned to be an automated monitoring and vehicle identification system that utilizes neural network technology to provide a non-intrusive detection system for identifying stolen vehicles on the nations highways. Specific facets of the system that will be presented include automatic scene analysis, vehicle classification, and a potential commercial off the shelf license plate reader fcr plate identification. The general approach is envisioned to include the generation of a target vehicle profile that can be downloaded to each of the remote video surveillance sites on the highway. The profile will be a predefined characterization containing the make, model, year, color, and license plate of the target vehicle. The intelligent video processor, located at each remote camera site, will utilize the stolen vehicle profile and advanced neural network classification techniques to search the visual scene for a potential candidate of the stolen vehicle. An automated license plate reading system is used to confirm the identification of the vehicle. Once a potential stolen vehicle has been identified a snapshot of the vehicle, along with the vehicle profile, is transmitted back to the central control facility where law enforcement officials can take appropriate action. For this effort, a three sensor distributed configuration is envisioned. RP Shyne, SS (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,525 BROOKS RD,ROME,NY 13441, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2340-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2938 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.1117/12.266739 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH32L UT WOS:A1997BH32L00022 ER PT B AU Maxey, WJ AF Maxey, WJ BE Carapezza, EM Spector, D TI The miniature transportable communications central (MTCC) - Answering law enforcements' needs for worldwide access to command, control, communications, and intelligence (C3I) SO COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence Systems for Law Enforcement CY NOV 19-21, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, Fed Bureau Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Technol Ctr DE cellular telephone system; multi-band radio; HF/VHF/UHF bands; transportable communications shelter; INMARSAT satellite communications AB The Mini-Transportable Communications Central (MTCC), developed by Rome Laboratories C3 Directorate, provides the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) with a transportable, fast reaction communications terminal. The MTCC is capable of operating as a self-contained miniature command center supporting efforts such as the President's War on Drugs, or the rescue services necessary in the wake of man-made or natural disasters. The MTCC is capable of communicating with field elements including ships, small water-craft, aircraft, other elements of the USCG, law enforcement agencies (LEA's), the FAA, and a wide range of U.S. and foreign armed forces. The MTCC terminal is contained in a trailer-mounted shelter suitable for towing by a 3/4 ton truck or for transport by C-130 aircraft. The MTCC provides simultaneous one-way and two-way communications in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequency bands, as well as the INMARSAT international satellite band. The MTCC also offers communications through subscriber and trunk telephone connectivity via ISDN compatible PABX. The MTCC's three channel operations Personnel Cellular Telephone System provides self-contained cellular telephone operations in the vicinity of the of the deployed shelter. In the USCG application, an operator console inside the air-conditioned shelter serves as the source and destination for voice, data, and fax traffic, by means of secure fax telephone, operator headsets, and a powerful computer workstation that provides word processing, e-mail, and data communications capabilities. The communications operator may reconfigure the system for a specific mission by means of patchfields that enable the selection of radios, encrypted or clear-text operations, audio termination, and antennas. During transportation, all support equipment (gas driven standby generator, antennas and tools) can be stowed on the trailer or in the shelter. With a team of two USCG operations personnel, an MTCC shelter can be placed into operation, including antenna installation and generator deployment, within one hour from its nominal transit condition. Future fielding of the MTCC for the USCG or other clients can be dramatically enhanced by automating the reconfiguration facilities and by leveraging the advances made by Rome Labs on the SPEAKEASY II program. SPEAKEASY will provide Multi-Band Multi-Mode Radios (MBMMR's) which are secure, open architecture, programmable radios. One, four channel miniature MBMMR will replace many of the existing functions carried out in the MTCC with a considerable reduction in weight, size, power consumption, and logistics costs. RP Maxey, WJ (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,525 BROOKS RD,ROME,NY 13441, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2340-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2938 BP 250 EP 259 DI 10.1117/12.266746 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH32L UT WOS:A1997BH32L00029 ER PT B AU Ireland, R AF Ireland, R BE Carapezza, EM Spector, D TI The Battlefield Optical Surveillance System (BOSS) SO COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence Systems for Law Enforcement CY NOV 19-21, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, Fed Bureau Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Technol Ctr DE laser diodes; non-lethal weapons; designation; illumination; deterrence; surveillance AB The Battlefield Optical Surveillance System (BOSS) was developed for DARPA by the U.S. Air Force's Phillips Laboratory. BOSS is a HMMWV mounted laser surveillance and deterrence system. It is intended to be used to detect and to deter potentially hostile individuals, snipers and groups of agitators. The BOSS integrates the following: (1) a thermal camera (8 - 12 micrometer FLIR), that detects and cues to possible targets, (2) a 45 Watt, 808 nm (near IR), air-cooled laser which provides covert illumination and designation for a day/night camera to acquire said target and attain a high-resolution image using night vision equipment, and (3) a 1 Watt, 532 nm (green) laser that overtly illuminates and designates the target. It also has significant deterring effects both physiological and psychological on individuals and crowds. BOSS offers the potential capability to detect snipers before the first shot is fired. Detection of optical augmentations and the thermal characteristics of a sniper allows for this early detection. The integration of BOSS with acoustic sniper detection systems are being explored. RP Ireland, R (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2340-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2938 BP 285 EP 287 DI 10.1117/12.266750 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH32L UT WOS:A1997BH32L00032 ER PT J AU Hall, RB AF Hall, RB TI Matrix-dominated viscoplasticity theory for fibrous metal matrix composites SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE metal matrix composites; viscoplasticity; nonnormal plasticity ID ELASTIC-PLASTIC BEHAVIOR; BORON ALUMINUM COMPOSITE; CYCLIC PLASTICITY; MODEL AB The matrix-dominated mode (MDM) small strain plasticity model of Dvorak and Bahei-El-Din for continuous fiber-reinforced metal laminae is extended to include rate-sensitive matrices, slip direction-dependent material properties, a simple bounding surface representation of the equilibrium plastic modulus and nonnormal plastic flow, with the thermal decomposition procedure of Dvorak employed to address the effects of anisothermal loading. The model is found to adequately describe complex nonproportional loading results obtained by Dvorak er al. for boron fiber-reinforced aluminum at room temperature. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. RP Hall, RB (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLBM,MAT DIRECTORATE,2941 P ST STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 9-10 BP 769 EP 780 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(96)00155-8 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA YF894 UT WOS:A1997YF89400001 ER PT J AU Hall, RB Pagano, NJ AF Hall, RB Pagano, NJ TI On the application of energy release rates SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Griffith cracks; fracture; energy release rate ID GROWTH AB The Limits of applicability of the substitution of strain energy for potential energy in energy release rate calculations for Griffith cracks are identified, a discussion notably absent from textbooks. It is also shown that the strain energy change is not adequate to predict the growth of a Griffith crack, and may actually be zero while the potential energy change is not. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. RP Hall, RB (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLBM,2941 P ST STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 9-10 BP 833 EP 838 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(97)00044-4 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA YF894 UT WOS:A1997YF89400007 ER PT J AU Foringer, MA Robertson, DD Mall, S AF Foringer, MA Robertson, DD Mall, S TI A micromechanistic-based approach to fatigue life modeling of titanium-matrix composites SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE metal-matrix composites; fatigue; thermomechanical; damage mechanics ID BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE; METALS AB Fatigue life modeling of titanium-based metal-matrix composites (MMCs) was accomplished by combining a unified viscoplastic theory, a non-linear micromechanics analysis and a damage accumulation model. The micromechanics analysis employed the Bodner-Partom unified viscoplastic theory with directional hardening. This analysis was then combined with a life-fraction fatigue model to account for the time-dependent component of fatigue damage. The life-fraction fatigue model involved the linear summation of damage from the fiber and matrix constituents of the composite. A single set of empirical constants for the life-fraction fatigue model were established for each of two titanium MMCs reinforced with silicon carbide fibers: SCS-6/Ti-15-3 and SCS-6/TIMETAL(R)21s. The predicted fatigue lives were within one order cf magnitude of the experimental data for different loading conditions: isothermal fatigue, and both in-phase and out-of-phase thermomechanical fatigue. MMCs modeled included cross-ply, quasi-isotropic and unidirectional SCS-6/TIMETAL(R)21s, and cross-ply and quasi-isotropic SCS-6iTi-15-3 laminates. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 1997 VL 28 IS 5-6 BP 507 EP 521 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(96)00083-2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA YG356 UT WOS:A1997YG35600003 ER PT J AU Kraabel, DL Sanders, BP Mall, S AF Kraabel, DL Sanders, BP Mall, S TI Tension-compression fatigue behavior of a unidirectional titanium-matrix composite at elevated temperature SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fatigue behavior; titanium-matrix composite; tension-compression cycling ID MODE AB The fatigue behavior of a unidirectional metal-matrix composite, SCS-6/Ti-15-3, has been investigated under tension-compression cycling at 427 degrees C. This behavior can be categorized into three regions on a fatigue life diagram. Region I, at higher stress levels, would be controlled by fiber fracture. At intermediate stress levels, Region II involved damage mechanisms which were dominated by matrix failure. Two distinct damage mechanisms were observed in this region, region IIa involving little matrix cracking while region IIb consisted of considerable matrix cracking. Region III was below the fatigue limit of the matrix material resulting in fatigue lives longer than one million cycles. Tension-tension fatigue tests were also conducted at 427 degrees C to compare damage mechanisms and fatigue lives with those under tension-compression loading conditions. On a maximum stress or strain basis, the fatigue life under fully-reversed, tension-compression cycling is less than that for tension-tension cycling. However, on the basis of stress or strain range, the fatigue life under tension-tension cycling is less than that for tension-compression cycling. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. C1 USAF, INST TECHNOL, DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT, DAYTON, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 57 IS 1 BP 99 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(96)00113-3 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA WL923 UT WOS:A1997WL92300009 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Allahdadi, FA Carney, TC AF Chen, JK Allahdadi, FA Carney, TC TI High-velocity impact of graphite/epoxy composite laminates SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE composite; penetration; progressive damage; smoothed particle hydrodynamics; macromechanics ID UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITE; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; HYDRODYNAMICS; INTEGRATION; RATES AB The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique in conjunction with the macro-homogeneous, anisotropic material concept for fiber composites has been proposed for the simulation of impact damage and penetration of composite structures. To describe material behavior under high-intensity loadings, a 3-D anisotropic elasto-plasticity constitutive model, an equation of state, and a failure criterion for unidirectional composites have been developed. Furthermore, in order to maintain material frame indifference of the constitutive equations the polar stress rate approach was employed in the stress and strain transformations for large rotations. The above physics were incorporated into the SPH. Detailed penetration process and damage progression were simulated with graphite/epoxy laminates impacted by a steel projectile. The predicted impact response and damage patterns agree fairly well qualitatively with experimental results. This study has demonstrated thai SPH can be a robust and viable analytical tool for predicting the response of fiber-reinforced composite structures subjected to high-velocity impact. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, Satellite Assessment Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Appl Res Associates Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Carney, TC (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, Satellite Assessment Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 24 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 57 IS 9-10 BP 1369 EP 1379 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(97)00067-5 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA YT665 UT WOS:000071629800016 ER PT J AU Herup, EJ Palazotto, AN AF Herup, EJ Palazotto, AN TI Low-velocity impact damage initiation in graphite/epoxy/Nomex honeycomb-sandwich plates SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE low-velocity impact; delamination; instrumented impactor; honeycomb; composite sandwich plate ID COMPOSITE AB Low-velocity impact and static indentation tests on sandwich plates composed of 4- to 48-ply graphite/epoxy doss-ply laminate facesheets and Nomex honeycomb cores have been performed to characterize damage initiation as a function of facesheet thickness and loading rate. Force histories during low-velocity impact are measured by using an instrumented impactor and integrated to produce energy histories. Energy histories are shown to reveal damage initiation. Static indentation rests show damage that is similar to that produced by low-velocity impact. The for ce at which damage initiates is shown to be lower for static tests than for low-velocity impact tests, and differences between equilibrium curves for the two types of loading are discussed. The difference between static and low-velocity impact tests is greater for plates with thicker facesheets. This may indicate a limitation of the applicability of the common assumption that low-velocity impact is a quasi-steady process. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palazotto, AN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1581 EP 1598 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA ZF562 UT WOS:000072909900004 ER PT S AU Schuermeyer, F Bunger, N Peatman, WCB Shur, MS AF Schuermeyer, F Bunger, N Peatman, WCB Shur, MS BE Shur, MS Suris, RA TI Optoelectronic 2-D MESFET SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors CY SEP 23-27, 1996 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Govt Russian Federat, Russian Acad Sci, Minist Sci & Tech Policy, Russia, Russian Fdn Basic Res, AIXTRON Semiconductor Technol GmbH, Compound Semiconductor Magazine, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, RESTEC Exhibit Co AB We present experimental data on the photoresponse in heterodimensional optoelectronic FETs (2D-MESFETs). The photoresponse in a 2-D MESFET is higher than that of the P-HEMT under top-illumination, since the P-HEMTs top gate blocks incoming light and reduces photosensitivity. The 2-D MESFET responds to the electromagnetic radiation in a wide spectral range, since the electron-hole pairs may be generated in the GaAs substrate, in the InGaAs quantum well, and in the AlGaAs layer. These photoresponse mechanisms include photoconductive effect(an increase in the channel conductivity caused by the electron-hole pair generation), electron-hole pair separation by the electric field in the gate depletion regions, a related photovoltaic effect of inducing the Sate bias by the optical signal, and a shift in the threshold voltage (and related gain). C1 UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT ELECT ENGN, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST, DEPT ELECT COMP & SYST ENGN, TROY, NY 12180 USA. RP Schuermeyer, F (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, DAYTON, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0452-9 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 155 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ12N UT WOS:A1997BJ12N00005 ER PT S AU Lott, JA Shin, HK AF Lott, JA Shin, HK BE Shur, MS Suris, RA TI Red and deep red vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with top and bottom AlGaAs/Al-oxide distributed Bragg reflectors and AlGa-oxide current apertures SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors CY SEP 23-27, 1996 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Govt Russian Federat, Russian Acad Sci, Minist Sci & Tech Policy, Russia, Russian Fdn Basic Res, AIXTRON Semiconductor Technol GmbH, Compound Semiconductor Magazine, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, RESTEC Exhibit Co AB A study of red and deep red (690-790 nm) vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with both top and bottom AlGaAs/Al-oxide distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) and native AlGa-oxide current apertures is reported. The all-AlGaAs devices consist of a multiple quantum well active region surrounded by current spreading layers, followed by 5.5 period all-semiconductor DBRs and/or native Al-oxide DBRs. At a peak emission near 780 nm, a power conversion efficiency over 30% is achieved, with threshold current below 1 mA and peak output power over 4 mW. C1 SAMSUNG ELECT CO, CORE TECHNOL RES CTR, SUWON 441742, SOUTH KOREA. RP Lott, JA (reprint author), USAF, INST TECHNOL, DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN, 2950 P ST, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0452-9 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 155 BP 377 EP 380 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ12N UT WOS:A1997BJ12N00086 ER PT S AU Schuermeyer, F Cerny, C Shur, M AF Schuermeyer, F Cerny, C Shur, M BE Shur, MS Suris, RA TI In-situ characterization of lateral and vertical band structure profiles and hole storage effects in PHEMTs by the photoconduction technique SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors CY SEP 23-27, 1996 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Govt Russian Federat, Russian Acad Sci, Minist Sci & Tech Policy, Russia, Russian Fdn Basic Res, AIXTRON Semiconductor Technol GmbH, Compound Semiconductor Magazine, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, RESTEC Exhibit Co AB This paper presents results of photoconduction (PC) studies, performed on fully fabricated PHEMTs. Previous results on the spectral PC characteristics are reviewed and applied for the determination of the vertical energy band structure. For the first time, detailed results on the amplification of the photogenerated charge by the transistor are presented and these data are used to obtain information on the lateral energy configuration. C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST, TROY, NY 12180 USA. RP Schuermeyer, F (reprint author), AADD, WRIGHT LAB, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0452-9 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 155 BP 495 EP 498 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ12N UT WOS:A1997BJ12N00114 ER PT S AU Scofield, J Dunn, M Wiemeri, J Reinhardt, K Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL AF Scofield, J Dunn, M Wiemeri, J Reinhardt, K Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL BE Shur, MS Suris, RA TI Comparative study of the junction characteristics and performance of SiC p(+)/n and Schottky power rectifiers SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors CY SEP 23-27, 1996 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Govt Russian Federat, Russian Acad Sci, Minist Sci & Tech Policy, Russia, Russian Fdn Basic Res, AIXTRON Semiconductor Technol GmbH, Compound Semiconductor Magazine, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, RESTEC Exhibit Co ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB Forward and reverse current conduction mechanisms, reverse breakdown characteristics, dynamic switching behavior, and deep defect states were studied for MOCVD grown 4H-SiC p(+)/n, and 4H- and 6H-SiC Schottky diodes. A large percentage (>70%) of the p(+)/n devices were found to exhibit significant junction transport via tunneling, which was correlated to significant concentrations of deep level defects identified by DLTS. In contrast, only a small fraction of the Schottky diodes exhibited appreciable tunneling and recombination transport, although they were limited by series resistance under forward bias conditions. RP Scofield, J (reprint author), USAF, INST TECHNOL, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0452-9 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 155 BP 597 EP 600 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ12N UT WOS:A1997BJ12N00139 ER PT S AU Marciniak, MA Hengehold, RL Yeo, YK Turner, GW Prairie, MW AF Marciniak, MA Hengehold, RL Yeo, YK Turner, GW Prairie, MW BE Shur, MS Suris, RA TI Photoluminescence studies of epitaxial InAsSb and InAsSb:Be grown on GaSb substrates SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors CY SEP 23-27, 1996 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Govt Russian Federat, Russian Acad Sci, Minist Sci & Tech Policy, Russia, Russian Fdn Basic Res, AIXTRON Semiconductor Technol GmbH, Compound Semiconductor Magazine, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, RESTEC Exhibit Co ID HETEROSTRUCTURE DIODE-LASERS; MU-M; POWER AB InAs1-xSbx is an attractive choice for the development of optoelectronic devices because it provides the lowest direct energy gaps sf the III-V semiconductors. Therefore, photoluminescence (PL) studies have been made on MBE-grown InAs0.808Sb0.192 on GaSb substrate. Free-to-bound and donor-acceptor pair peaks at 4-7 and 10-14 meV below the band edge, respectively, have been resolved. PL measurements on Be-ion implanted InAs0.905As0.095/GaSb and epitaxially Be-doped InAs0.955As0.045/GaSb resulted in Be acceptor levels of similar to 30 meV and similar to 40 meV above the valence bend, respectively. C1 USAF, INST TECHNOL, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH USA. USAF, OFF SCI RES, BOLLING AFB, DC USA. RP Marciniak, MA (reprint author), USAF, WRIGHT LAB, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0452-9 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 155 BP 865 EP 868 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ12N UT WOS:A1997BJ12N00203 ER PT S AU Farmer, JD Janke, CJ Lopata, VJ AF Farmer, JD Janke, CJ Lopata, VJ BE Green, JE Beckwith, SW Strong, AB TI The electron beam cure of fiberglass/epoxy prepregs SO COMPPOSITES FOR THE REAL WORLD SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International SAMPE Technical Conference on Composites for the Real World CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn, Composite Fabricators Assoc ID EPOXY-RESINS AB Recently developed epoxy resin prepregs were electron beam cured and experimentally explored to determine their suitability for use in an aerospace-quality aircraft component. There were two major goals for this program. The first was to determine whether the electron beam-curable prepregs were capable of meeting the requirements of the U.S. Air Force T-38 supersonic jet trainer composite windshield frame. The T-38 windshield frame is currently manufactured using an aerospace-grade prepreg composed of 6781 S-2 woven fiberglass and various 250 degrees F thermally-cured epoxies. The second goal was to develop the lowest cost hand layup and debulk process that could be used to produce laminates with acceptable properties. The laminate properties examined to determine prepreg suitability include laminate mechanical and analytical properties at room and elevated temperatures, prepreg tackiness, prepreg out-time capability, and the debulk requirements needed to achieve these properties. Four resins and three fiber sizings were experimentally examined using this criteria. One epoxy and one fiber sizing were found to have suitable characteristics in each of these categories and were later chosen for the manufacture of the T-38 windshield frame. This experimental study shows that by using low-cost debulk and layup processes, the electron beam-cured prepreg mechanical and analytical properties are in the range of comparable thermally-cured prepregs. C1 USAF, Adv Composites Program Off, WL, MLS OL, McClellan AFB, CA 95652 USA. RP Farmer, JD (reprint author), USAF, Adv Composites Program Off, WL, MLS OL, McClellan AFB, CA 95652 USA. RI Janke, Christopher/E-1598-2017 OI Janke, Christopher/0000-0002-6076-7188 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-78-6 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 29 BP 274 EP 288 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BK24J UT WOS:000071607300027 ER PT S AU Russell, JD Lee, AY AF Russell, JD Lee, AY BE Green, JE Beckwith, SW Strong, AB TI Effect of cure cycle on the specific volume of 3501-6 epoxy SO COMPPOSITES FOR THE REAL WORLD SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International SAMPE Technical Conference on Composites for the Real World CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn, Composite Fabricators Assoc DE volumetric dilatometry; thermoset resins; cure shrinkage; residual stress ID SHRINKAGE AB Non-thermoelastic effects such as curl shrinkage of a polymer can play a role in residual stresses in composite parts. Studies have shown that cure shrinkage can place significant stresses on fibers. Therefore, the cure cycle of 3501-6 epoxy resin was modified to change its cure shrinkage characteristics to minimize the stresses. New cure strategies were developed using volumetric dilatometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and dielectric cure monitoring. Cure cycles were developed to balance the resin's thermal expansion with its cure shrinkage while the resin was still a liquid. However, the cure shrinkage eventually dominated over thermal expansion in all cycles as the polymer gelled. Changing the cure cycle affected the degree of cure at the onset of gel as well as the amount of cure shrinkage occurring afterwards. This affects the build up of residual stresses. which occur after the onset of gellation. This information can be used in conjunction with ongoing studies in fiber stresses during cure to develop composite parts with reduced cure stresses. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Russell, JD (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-78-6 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 29 BP 289 EP 301 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BK24J UT WOS:000071607300028 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Rish, JW Dass, WC AF Zhu, H Rish, JW Dass, WC TI Constitutive relations for two-phase particulate materials with elastic binder SO COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Theoretical and Experimental Methods for Particulate Materials at 1996 Summer Meeting of Applied Mechanics Division of American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUN 10-12, 1996 CL JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers HO JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV ID CERAMIC COMPOSITES AB Constitutive relationships for two-phase (particles and the binder) materials can be evaluated by many methods. In this article, we develop a method in which binder-contact laws and the basic cell technique are employed in formulation of stress-strain equations. The particles are hexagonally arrayed and the binder and particles behave elastically. The on-axis stiffness matrix is derived first, followed by the off-axis one. An integral representation of a statistically averaged stiffness matrix is also presented, This article shows a favorable stiffness comparison between the current results and those of Chang, C. S. and Misra, A., Theoretical and Experimental Study of Regular Packings of Granules. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 1989, 115, 705-710. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 WRIGHT LAB,FIVC,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. APPL RES ASSOCIATES INC,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,TEMPE,AZ 85287, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0266-352X J9 COMPUT GEOTECH JI Comput. Geotech. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 303 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0266-352X(97)00008-6 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Geology GA XM825 UT WOS:A1997XM82500008 ER PT J AU Guide, VDR Srivastava, R AF Guide, VDR Srivastava, R TI An evaluation of order release strategies in a remanufacturing environment SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHOP; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION; GREEN AB Remanufacturing is a process by which worn-out products are restored to like new condition. Remanufacturing operations are characterized by probabilistic recovery rates of parts from the cores, and stochastic routings and lead times, as well as stochastic processing times. These factors serve to complicate planning and control functions for firms in remanufacturing, an environment with a greater degree of variability than a traditional manufacturing environment. There is no literature to assist in deciding on scheduling/order release strategies in a remanufacturing environment. In this article various order release strategies are evaluated in conjunction with scheduling rules in a remanufacturing environment, using a simulation model of a Naval aviation depot's engine components work shops. The results indicate that a simple level order release strategy in conjunction with a due date based scheduling rule provides an efficient means of releasing and scheduling work in this environment. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd RP Guide, VDR (reprint author), USAF,GRAD SCH LOGIST & ACQUISIT MANAGEMENT,DEPT GRAD LOGIST MANAGEMENT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0305-0548(96)00023-8 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA WB932 UT WOS:A1997WB93200004 ER PT S AU Keener, DN Marvin, DC Brinker, DJ Curtis, HB Price, PM AF Keener, DN Marvin, DC Brinker, DJ Curtis, HB Price, PM GP IEEE TI Progress toward technology transition of GaInP2/GaAs/Ge multijunction solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY SIXTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 1997 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The objective of the joint WL/PL/NASA Multijunction Solar Cell Manufacturing Technology (ManTech) Program is to scale up high efficiency GaInP2/GaAs/Ge multijunction solar cells to production size, quantity, and yield while limiting the production cost/Watt ($/W) to 15% over GaAs cells. Progress made by the program contractors, Spectrolab and TECSTAR, include, respectively, best cell efficiencies of 25.76% and 24.7% and establishment of 24.2% and 23.8% lot average efficiency baseline designs. The paper also presents side-by-side testing results collected by Phillips Laboratory and NASA Lewis on Phase I deliverable cells, which shows compliance with program objectives. Cell performance, pre-and post-radiation, and temperature coefficient results on initial production GaInP2/GaAs/Ge solar cells will be presented. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Keener, DN (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-3767-0 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 1997 BP 787 EP 792 DI 10.1109/PVSC.1997.654207 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BK48M UT WOS:000072313700191 ER PT S AU Dauplaise, HM Davis, A Vaccaro, K Waters, WD Spaziani, SM Martin, EA Lorenzo, JP AF Dauplaise, HM Davis, A Vaccaro, K Waters, WD Spaziani, SM Martin, EA Lorenzo, JP BE Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ Brierley, SK Gibson, JM Woodall, JM TI Analysis of InP passivated with thiourea/ammonia solutions and thin CdS films SO CONTROL OF SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES AND INTERFACES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Control of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The use of thiourea/ammonia pre-treatments on (100) InP, followed by chemical bath deposition (CBD) of CdS thin films (similar to 30 Angstrom), with low-temperature, low-pressure chemical vapor deposited SiO2 has been shown to produce metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) samples with near-ideal capacitance-voltage (C-V) response. Here, we report on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the near-surface of InP following pre-treatment and CdS deposition. The pre-treatment was shown by XPS to form an indium sulfide layer and effectively remove native oxides from the InP surface. The subsequent deposition of CdS on a sulfur-passivated surface forms a stable layer which protects the substrate from oxidation during SiO, chemical vapor deposition. MIS samples prepared using the pre-treatment without CdS deposition showed improved C-V response, while samples prepared with both the pre-treatment and CdS deposition showed a dramatic reduction in the density of interface states. RP Dauplaise, HM (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,OPT COMPONENTS BRANCH,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-352-5 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 448 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ32K UT WOS:A1997BJ32K00011 ER PT B AU Crawford, LD Kalivoda, CM Glaister, DS AF Crawford, LD Kalivoda, CM Glaister, DS BE Ross, RG TI An overview of air force Phillips Laboratory Cryocooler Programs SO CRYOCOOLERS 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL WATERVILLE VALLEY, NH SP Int Cryocooler Conf Board AB This paper presents an overview of the cryogenic refrigerator programs currently under development and test at the U.S. Air Force Phillips Laboratory. The vision statement for the Phillips Laboratory Cryogenic Focused Technology Area is to support the Department of Defense (DoD) space community as a center of excellence for developing and transitioning space cryogenic thermal management technologies. The primary customers for the Laboratory's programs are the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization and the USAF/Space and Missile Tracking System Program Office (formerly Brilliant Eyes), The SMTS program is concentrating on the near term Flight Demonstration System (1998 launch), while the BMDO organization emphasizes development of technology to support the far term Objective System launch (2002). Phillips Laboratory's cryocooler development programs are generally categorized according to cooling requirement and operating temperature. This paper will describe a variety of Stirling, pulse tube, and Brayton cryocoolers currently under development to meet single stage cooling requirements at 60 K, 150 K, 35 K, and multi-load cooling requirements at 35/60 K. Phillips Laboratory is also developing several advanced cryogenic integration technologies that will result in the reduction in current cryogenic system integration penalties and design time. These technologies include the continued development of the Cryogenic Systems Integration Model (CSIM), 60 and 120 K thermal storage units and heat pipes, cryogenic straps, thermal switches, and development of a cryogenic integration bus. RP Crawford, LD (reprint author), USAF,PHILIPS LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45511-0 PY 1997 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering; Thermodynamics GA BJ05L UT WOS:A1997BJ05L00001 ER PT B AU Roberts, T Bruning, J AF Roberts, T Bruning, J BE Ross, RG TI Hughes aircraft company SSC I & II performance mapping results SO CRYOCOOLERS 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL WATERVILLE VALLEY, NH SP Int Cryocooler Conf Board AB The results through March 1996 of profiling the performance of the Hughes Aircraft Company's SSC cryocooler family are presented. The similarities in this cooler family's operation are noted and the progress that this engineering design model program has made since inception is documented. Model estimates of this performance manifold are prepared using multivariate regression methods and the assumption of a smooth performance manifold. Anomalous results during the operation of SSC II during continuous operations are discussed with respect to future plans to profile these coolers in more detail. RP Roberts, T (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45511-0 PY 1997 BP 35 EP 44 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering; Thermodynamics GA BJ05L UT WOS:A1997BJ05L00006 ER PT B AU Roberts, T AF Roberts, T BE Ross, RG TI Cryocooler transient performance modeling SO CRYOCOOLERS 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL WATERVILLE VALLEY, NH SP Int Cryocooler Conf Board AB The performance of cryogenic coolers during intermittent operations is dominated by the transient terms of the thermal energy equation and by the changes of the cooler's operating efficiency as the cold end temperature changes. This is in contrast to static operating conditions in which these effects are not relevant and for which most cooler operating data is available. In order to support the integration design effort of the STRV-2 satellite system, a study of the transient cool down and warm up performance of the Texas Instruments 1 Watt Cryocooler and Electronics Control Card was performed. The objective of this study was to model the cool down and warm up behavior of the cooler which is supporting a thermally loaded focal plane of 0 to 0.6 Watts. The form of the model was derived from the fundamental thermodynamic and heat transfer principles operating within the combined cooler, cold end block, and heat rejection interface system. The predictions of the cool down and warm up models based on fundamental principles are presented and are compared to the observed performance envelopes at various loads and heat rejection temperatures. A multivariable regression is then performed in order to fit the model to the observed data for both warm up and cool down. The conclusion is drawn that while a model formed from fundamental principles of the loaded warm up can be accurately based on heat transfer laws, such a model is not yet available for a loaded cool down. This is largely due to the lack of instrumentation to measure properties within a practical working cooler. Finally, equations correlating rejection temperature, cold end temperature, cold end load, and time are presented for cool down and warm up performances. RP Roberts, T (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45511-0 PY 1997 BP 163 EP 171 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering; Thermodynamics GA BJ05L UT WOS:A1997BJ05L00020 ER PT B AU Arwood, S Roberts, T AF Arwood, S Roberts, T BE Ross, RG TI Cooler test data acquisition and environmental control software SO CRYOCOOLERS 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL WATERVILLE VALLEY, NH SP Int Cryocooler Conf Board AB Cryocooler testing and performance mapping seeks to provide data concerning the ability of the cryocooler to meet program performance specifications as well as to provide input to the design of future coolers which will exceed current performance envelopes. An assumption of this testing process is that cooler performance can be measured within a controlled operating environment so that varying cooler performance can be directly attributed to the cooler itself, and separated from any variation in the testing environment. Similarly, control and instrumentation of the test stand must be implemented to minimize measurement error in comparison with operating variations due to the cooler and to not intrude in the operation of the cooler and test stand's environmental controls. Due to reduced costs for microcomputers and integrated circuits, these objectives can be met, provided that the testing stand and software is viewed as a complete design system. The data acquisition and environmental control software designed for use in cryocooler testing at Phillips Laboratory is described with respect to its objectives, structure, and implementation. Notable aspects of these programs are: 1.) Emphasis on fully automated data acquisition and environmental control using microcomputers, 2.) Instrumentation error trapping for communications and operating errors, 3.) Integration of a wide range of test plan requirements into the environmental control program and instrumentation, 4.) Use of standardized subroutines for instrument control and data output and storage, and 5.) Active interaction between the data acquisition program and environmental control program to allow for the test stand to accommodate a range of test events or anomalies. RP Arwood, S (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45511-0 PY 1997 BP 853 EP 860 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering; Thermodynamics GA BJ05L UT WOS:A1997BJ05L00096 ER PT B AU Degnan, JH Bell, DE Chesley, AL Coffey, SK Eddleman, JL Englert, SE Englert, TJ Frese, MH Gale, DG Graham, JD Hammer, J Hartman, CW Havranek, J Hussey, TW Kiuttu, GF Lehr, FM Marklin, GJ McLean, HS Molvik, AW Holmberg, CD Outten, CA Peterkin, RE Price, DW Roderick, NF Ruden, EL Shumlak, U Turchi, PJ Watrous, JJ AF Degnan, JH Bell, DE Chesley, AL Coffey, SK Eddleman, JL Englert, SE Englert, TJ Frese, MH Gale, DG Graham, JD Hammer, J Hartman, CW Havranek, J Hussey, TW Kiuttu, GF Lehr, FM Marklin, GJ McLean, HS Molvik, AW Holmberg, CD Outten, CA Peterkin, RE Price, DW Roderick, NF Ruden, EL Shumlak, U Turchi, PJ Watrous, JJ BE Panarella, E TI Formation, compression, and acceleration of magnetized plasmas SO CURRENT TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL FUSION RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Evaluation of Current Trends in Fusion Research CY NOV 14-18, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Inst Laser Engn, Osaka RP Degnan, JH (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,HIGH ENERGY PLASMA DIV,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45513-7 PY 1997 BP 179 EP 195 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BJ16C UT WOS:A1997BJ16C00012 ER PT S AU Evwaraye, AO Smith, SR Mitchel, WC Hobgood, HM Augustine, G Balakrishna, V AF Evwaraye, AO Smith, SR Mitchel, WC Hobgood, HM Augustine, G Balakrishna, V BE Davies, G Nazare, MH TI Thermal activation energies for the three inequivalent lattice sites for the B-Si acceptor in 6H-SiC SO DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS - ICDS-19, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS-19) CY JUL, 1997 CL AVEIRO, PORTUGAL SP European Union DG XII Sci Res & Dev, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Junta Nacl Investigacio Cient & Tecnol, USA Res Off, Trans Tech Publicat Ltd, USN Off Naval Res Grant DE silicon carbide; boron; admittance spectroscopy ID NITROGEN DONORS; ADMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; 6H-SILICON CARBIDE; DEEP LEVELS; SHALLOW; BORON AB Boron is known to substitute for silicon in the SiC lattice. The 6H polytype of SiC has three inequivalent lattice sites in the Si sublattice and the B-Si acceptor is expected to display three separate energy levels, one for each inequivalent lattice site. We have used both thermal admittance spectroscopy (TAS) and high temperature Hall effect to study the shallow boron acceptor levels in bulk 6H-SiC. Fitting of temperature dependent Hall effect data gave only a single acceptor level per sample for B-Si with values that varied from 0.29 to 0.39 eV. With TAS we were able to identify, for the first time, three separate energy levels and have assigned them to the h, k(1) and k(2) sites of B-Si. The energies are: E-h = E-V + 0.27 eV, E-k1 = E-V + 0.31 eV and E-k2 = E-V + 0.38 eV. We attribute variations in the Hall effect activation energy to the affects of compensation of one or more of these levels. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Ctr Sci & Technol, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. RP Evwaraye, AO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-786-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 258-2 BP 691 EP 696 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61R UT WOS:000072749500112 ER PT S AU Saxler, A Kung, P Zhang, X Walker, D Solomon, J Mitchel, WC Razeghi, M AF Saxler, A Kung, P Zhang, X Walker, D Solomon, J Mitchel, WC Razeghi, M BE Davies, G Nazare, MH TI GaN grown using trimethylgallium and triethylgallium SO DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS - ICDS-19, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS-19) CY JUL, 1997 CL AVEIRO, PORTUGAL SP European Union DG XII Sci Res & Dev, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Junta Nacl Investigacio Cient & Tecnol, USA Res Off, Trans Tech Publicat Ltd, USN Off Naval Res Grant DE GaN; trimethylgallium; triethylgallium; MOCVD ID SAPPHIRE AB GaN films grown by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using trimethylgallium and triethylgallium as gallium precursors are compared. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Hall effect, photoluminescence, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and etch pit density measurements. GaN layers grown using triethylgallium exhibited superior electrical and optical properties and a lower carbon impurity concentration. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Saxler, A (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-786-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 258-2 BP 1081 EP 1086 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61R UT WOS:000072749500177 ER PT S AU Saxler, A Kung, P Zhang, X Walker, D Solomon, J Ahoujja, M Mitchel, WC Vydyanath, HR Razeghi, M AF Saxler, A Kung, P Zhang, X Walker, D Solomon, J Ahoujja, M Mitchel, WC Vydyanath, HR Razeghi, M BE Davies, G Nazare, MH TI GaN doped with sulfur SO DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS - ICDS-19, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS-19) CY JUL, 1997 CL AVEIRO, PORTUGAL SP European Union DG XII Sci Res & Dev, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Junta Nacl Investigacio Cient & Tecnol, USA Res Off, Trans Tech Publicat Ltd, USN Off Naval Res Grant DE GaN; sulfur; doping ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FILMS; SAPPHIRE; LAYERS AB GaN thin films were doped during metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with sulfur using dilute hydrogen sulfide in hydrogen. The effects of dopant flow and growth temperature were studied. The films were characterized by temperature electrical measurements, Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and scanning electron microscopy. The low resultant carrier concentrations indicate that sulfur has a limited solubility in GaN. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Avyd Devices Inc, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. RP Saxler, A (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-786-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 258-2 BP 1161 EP 1166 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61R UT WOS:000072749500190 ER PT S AU Saxler, A Kim, KS Walker, D Kung, P Zhang, X Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC Razeghi, M AF Saxler, A Kim, KS Walker, D Kung, P Zhang, X Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC Razeghi, M BE Davies, G Nazare, MH TI Electroluminescence of III-nitride double heterostructure light emitting diodes with silicon and magnesium doped InGaN SO DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS - ICDS-19, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS-19) CY JUL, 1997 CL AVEIRO, PORTUGAL SP European Union DG XII Sci Res & Dev, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Junta Nacl Investigacio Cient & Tecnol, USA Res Off, Trans Tech Publicat Ltd, USN Off Naval Res Grant DE InGaN; light emitting diode; doping; magnesium; silicon; electroluminescence ID GAN; SAPPHIRE AB GaN/InGaN/GaN double heterostructures were deposited by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Two different structures are studied: one with a silicon doped InGaN layer and the other with a magnesium doped InGaN layer. The electroluminescence spectrum is shifted to longer wavelengths in the structure with the magnesium doped InGaN layer. An additional red peak is seen in the electroluminescence spectrum of the magnesium doped structure. We believe this peak may be due to a transition metal (i.e. Cr) which absorbs in the green and emits in the red. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Saxler, A (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-786-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 258-2 BP 1229 EP 1234 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61R UT WOS:000072749500201 ER PT S AU Silkowski, E Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Everitt, LR AF Silkowski, E Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Everitt, LR BE Davies, G Nazare, MH TI Luminescence and annealing studies of Er-implanted GaN with and without oxygen co-doping SO DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS - ICDS-19, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS-19) CY JUL, 1997 CL AVEIRO, PORTUGAL SP European Union DG XII Sci Res & Dev, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Junta Nacl Investigacio Cient & Tecnol, USA Res Off, Trans Tech Publicat Ltd, USN Off Naval Res Grant DE gallium nitride; erbium; ion implantation; photoluminescence ID ENHANCEMENT; ERBIUM AB Strong rare-earth (RE) 4f-emissions from erbium ion-implanted GaN have been observed through photoluminescence (PL) measurements. PL measurements were also performed as a function of excitation laser wavelength from an Ar+-ion laser ranging from above (351.1 nm) and below (514.5 nm) bandgap energy at the sample temperatures ranging from 2 to 300 K. The results of PL measurements of Er-implanted GaN showed two well-resolved 4f-transitions of the Er3+ center, the I-4(13/2)-->I-4(15/2) at similar to 1.54 mu m and the I-4(11/2)-->I-4(15/2) at similar to 1.00 mu m from the crystal-field split manifolds along with numerous 'hot' lines. An energy level model requiring at least two non-cubic Er3+-centers is proposed, which accounts for the majority of the observed luminescence peaks. Oxygen co-implantation with Er was found to enhance the similar to 1.54 mu m peaks, and to lower the optimal annealing temperature from 1000 to 800 degrees C. The formation of Er-O complexes was thought to be responsible. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Silkowski, E (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-786-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 258-2 BP 1577 EP 1582 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61R UT WOS:000072749500258 ER PT S AU Asiu, B McNeese, MD AF Asiu, B McNeese, MD BE Smith, MJ Salvendy, G Koubek, RJ TI The role of case-based reasoning in instructional design: Theory and practice SO DESIGN OF COMPUTING SYSTEMS: SOCIAL AND ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS SE ADVANCES IN HUMAN FACTORS / ERGONOMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International 97) CY AUG 24-29, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Chinese Acad Sci, EEC, European Strateg Programme Res & Dev Informat Technol, ESPRIT, Human Factors & Ergon Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Japan Ergon Soc, Japan Management Assoc C1 Armstrong Lab, Cognit & Performance Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2647 BN 0-444-82183-X J9 ADV HUM FACT ERGON PY 1997 VL 21 BP 153 EP 156 PN B PG 4 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Information Science & Library Science GA BK43A UT WOS:000072153100037 ER PT S AU Eggleston, RG AF Eggleston, RG BE Smith, MJ Salvendy, G Koubek, RJ TI Adaptive interfaces as an approach to human-machine cooperation SO DESIGN OF COMPUTING SYSTEMS: SOCIAL AND ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS SE ADVANCES IN HUMAN FACTORS / ERGONOMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International 97) CY AUG 24-29, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Chinese Acad Sci, EEC, European Strateg Programme Res & Dev Informat Technol, ESPRIT, Human Factors & Ergon Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Japan Ergon Soc, Japan Management Assoc C1 USAF, Fitts Human Engn Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2647 BN 0-444-82183-X J9 ADV HUM FACT ERGON PY 1997 VL 21 BP 495 EP 500 PN B PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Information Science & Library Science GA BK43A UT WOS:000072153100121 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, JC Kuhlmann, KJ Cline, JM Larcom, BJ Peterson, RD Courson, DL AF Lipscomb, JC Kuhlmann, KJ Cline, JM Larcom, BJ Peterson, RD Courson, DL TI Combustion products from advanced composite materials SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Toxicol Div, Navy Med Res Inst Detachment, Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, Army Med Res Detachment, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, US EPA AB Recent advances in armament and materials applications are beginning to outpace the development of adequate safety characterizations. To avoid unnecessary and restrictive regulations implemented to protect individuals from potential toxic consequences resulting from exposure to combustion products of advanced composite materials (ACM); this laboratory has begun an investigation of combustion characteristics. In this preliminary investigation we have assessed the production of particulate matter and the production of organic compounds contained in both the combustion vapor phase or associated with the particulate matter. The results of these investigations have revealed that a substantial fraction of the particulates appear to be in the respirable range and that a high number of organic compounds and potential toxicants are associated with particulate matter. These findings are the first to describe the production of potentially toxic atmospheres from the combustion of advanced composite materials and indicate the usefulness of further investigations to quantify the risk of exposure to humans. These and forthcoming data will be useful in determining proper protective equipment and precautions required to protect human health during exposures to products from the combustion of advanced composite materials. C1 Armstrong Lab, Div Toxicol, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ManTech Environm Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, Div Toxicol, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, OL-AL HSC-OET 2856 G St,Bldg 79, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.3109/01480549709003886 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YN713 UT WOS:000071198300004 PM 9433657 ER PT J AU Whaley, JE Porter, RC AF Whaley, JE Porter, RC TI Overview of DOD activities in ecological risk assessment SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Toxicol Div, Navy Med Res Inst Detachment, Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, Army Med Res Detachment, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, US EPA AB Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, Congress has mandated that all designated hazardous waste sites will be remediated to protect human health and the environment. This law is the driving force behind the Department of Defense (DOD) ecological risk assessment (ERA) program. Ecological risk assessments are currently underway at many DOD sites with budgets ranging from five thousand to ten million dollars. However, with the advent of downsizing government and shrinking funds, efforts are being made within DOD to better refine these assessments. Two DOD work groups function to develop guidance for and assist project managers with the ERA process. These groups are the Army Biological Technical Assistance Group chaired by the Army Environmental Center and the Tri-Service Ecological Risk Assessment Work Group (ERWG) chartered by the Tri-Service Environmental Support Centers Coordinating Committee. Membership in the Tri-Service ERWG includes all facets of DOD. In the research arena, the Fate & Effects Research and Development Program is one of four primary thrust areas under the Army's Environmental Quality Technology Program "Clean Up" pillar. This program is currently being executed by three laboratories, the Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS, the Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, and the Army Center for Environmental Health Research (Provisional), Ft. Detrick, MD. The goal of this program is to provide tools to improve environmental risk assessments, both human and ecological. The research is geared toward addressing user requirements and is defined by the Fate and Effects Research Program. C1 USA, Hlth Effects Res Program, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Armstrong Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Whaley, JE (reprint author), USA, Hlth Effects Res Program, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 303 EP 305 DI 10.3109/01480549709003888 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YN713 UT WOS:000071198300006 PM 9433659 ER PT J AU Maull, EA Cogliano, VJ Scott, CS Barton, HA Fisher, JW Greenberg, M Rhomberg, L Sorgen, SP AF Maull, EA Cogliano, VJ Scott, CS Barton, HA Fisher, JW Greenberg, M Rhomberg, L Sorgen, SP TI Trichloroethylene health risk assessment: A new and improved process SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Toxicol Div, Navy Med Res Inst Detachment, Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, Army Med Res Detachment, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, US EPA ID MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CANCER RISK; MUTAGENICITY; CARCINOGENICITY; COHORT; RAT; METAANALYSIS AB Trichloroethylene (TCE), an environmental contaminant of National concern, is the focus of a new health risk assessment process incorporating the Proposed Cancer Risk Assessment Guidelines(1). This paper describes not only how TCE became an environmental problem for the Air Force, but also details the new Risk Assessment process envisioned by the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA). Insights on epidemiological evaluations, both past and future, and their impact on the cancer classification of TCE are discussed. Examples of how physiologically based pharmacokinetics and dose-response characterization described in the new Cancer Guidelines are applied to TCE are provided. In addition, a variety of modeling techniques are discussed for the development of reference doses (oral exposure) and reference concentrations (inhalation exposures) for TCE. Finally, the role of risk communication is included, This new process provides an example of how interagency (EPA, Department of Defense, Department of Energy) and extramural (industry, academia) partnerships can provide greater gains to the nation, as a whole, than any of the parts on their own. C1 Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, OEMH, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. ICF Kaiser, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harvard Ctr Risk Anal, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Engn Support Dept, Environm Programs Directorate, Ctr Environm Hlth, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Maull, EA (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, OEMH, 2402 E Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 427 EP 442 DI 10.3109/01480549709003900 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YN713 UT WOS:000071198300018 PM 9433671 ER PT B AU Carnes, P AF Carnes, P GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Software reliability in weapon systems SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOFTWARE RELIABILITY ENGINEERING - CASE STUDIES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE 97) - Case Studies CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn AB AFOTEC is responsible for the operational resting of application software used in weapon systems. In order to determine if a system is ready for operational resting, raw data from unit and integration resting are analyzed to determine if the software is exhibiting maturity and reliability growth. A graphical tool containing a library of widely accepted software reliability growth models then selects the optimum model by first subjecting the data to goodness-of-fit criterion and then prequential likelihood (PL) as a measure of predictive strength. The intent is to use these data with operational profiles to determine the expected software reliability for a given system operational mission. RP Carnes, P (reprint author), USAF,OPERAT EVALUAT CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8222-1 PY 1997 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1109/CSSRE.1997.637851 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJ91V UT WOS:A1997BJ91V00008 ER PT B AU Carnes, P AF Carnes, P GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Software reliability in weapon systems SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOFTWARE RELIABILITY ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE 97) CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn DE software; reliability operational testing; maturity RP Carnes, P (reprint author), USAF,OPERAT TEST & EVALUAT CTR,HQ FFOTEC,SAS,8500 GIBSON BLVD SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8121-7 PY 1997 BP 114 EP 114 DI 10.1109/ISSRE.1997.630855 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJ93V UT WOS:A1997BJ93V00015 ER PT B AU McClellan, KJ Wailes, TS Franzon, PD AF McClellan, KJ Wailes, TS Franzon, PD GP IEEE TI Simulation vs calculation of crosstalk SO ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc AB A crosstalk model for high speed MCMs that is shown to be accurate is compared to simulating a design. Results are presented that show that even though the model is accurate, accurate results cannot be obtained without accounting for timing. RP McClellan, KJ (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,SCH ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4203-8 PY 1997 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1109/EPEP.1997.634055 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ93U UT WOS:A1997BJ93U00030 ER PT B AU Burggraf, LW Li, GM AF Burggraf, LW Li, GM BE Fallahi, M Howden, E TI Photothermal interferometric NIR detection using sol-gel materials SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOTE CHEMICAL DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical Technology for Remote Chemical Detection and Identification II CY APR 21, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE photothermal; interferometer; sol-gel; silica; sensor AB Photothermal detection methods use the light-absorbing sample material as the sensor transducer. Photothermal displacement methods using interferometric detection will be used to measure environmental analytes particularly if those analytes can be incorporated into the sensor probe. We are using various nanoporous optical sol-gel materials in sensor probes for photothermal detection. Photothermal sensors made using sol-gel materials have advantages for infrared and near infrared photothermal in situ detection including improved sensitivity, lower limits of detection, easier miniaturization, and room-temperature operation. The potential for photothermal interferometric near infrared detection of organophosphorus compounds adsorbed in silica sol-gel is demonstrated. RP Burggraf, LW (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN PHYS,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2497-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3082 BP 30 EP 37 DI 10.1117/12.280932 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Optics GA BJ34Z UT WOS:A1997BJ34Z00004 ER PT S AU Ebel, JL Schlesinger, TE Reed, ML AF Ebel, JL Schlesinger, TE Reed, ML BE Andricacos, PC Corcoram, SG Delplancke, JL Moffat, TP Searson, PC TI Scanning probe investigations of cleaved heterostructure layers SO ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND MODIFICATION OF MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochemical Synthesis and Modification of Materials, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We present differential oxidation rate effects in cleaved heterostructures containing GaAs, AlGaAs, InGaP and InGaAs measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM images of the cleaved structures are presented, along with step height measurements at the different material interfaces. These height differences are the result of differences in oxidation rates of the heterostructure layers. The method used to extract the small step-height information from the images is also presented. Typical step heights range from about one to twenty angstroms for the structures measured. We have also observed steps which mimic the oxidation steps, but which are not related to the epitaxially grown material structure. However, in these cases images of both sides of the cleaved pieces show inverse (rather than similar) topographies. We also present results of digital etching techniques used to enhance the step heights based on the same differential oxidation mechanism. RP Ebel, JL (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,SOLID STATE ELECT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-355-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 451 BP 251 EP 256 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BJ46P UT WOS:A1997BJ46P00032 ER PT B AU Altschuler, BR AF Altschuler, BR BE Schaefer, D Williams, EF TI Hyper-speed data acquisition for 3-D computer vision metrology as applied to law enforcement SO EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER VISION - 25TH AIPR WORKSHOP SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th AIPR Workshop on Emerging Applications of Computer Vision CY OCT 16-18, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Appl Imagery Pattern Recognit Execut Comm DE parallel video; parallel computers; hyper-speed video; robot vision; sensors; machine perception; 3-D mapping; topography; 3D; virtual reality; video AB The use of conventional videocameras at standard broadcast rates permits 30 frame per second videocapture and recording. Even when moving events are recorded with fast shuttering to preclude blurring(e.g. 1000th second) each recorded consecutive stopped action still has a 33 millisecond interval between them. The reason for this is the finite time necessary to serially dump recorded information from the microchip sensor, and reinitialize the sensor for the next capture event. By designing a parallel video chip with multiple, independently capable segments for sensor input/ output/ re-initialization, the duration of the interval required for unloading and resetting the entire sensor is decreased by the number of discrete segments in the chip, and the number of unloading ports to transfer data. Silicon Mountain Design, Inc. (SMD) developed a 16 parallel channel output 512 x 512 x 8 bit digital videocamera, and a suitable memory buffer to absorb 256 full images. This camera has the uniquely advantageous feature that no image data is absorbed while the camera discharges its image to the parallel output ports. With this parallel videocamera it is possible to record events at 1000th second (or faster) continuously, or at least until the memory buffer fills. The use of structured light stereo numerical camera technology requires the collection of a series of video images, each video-image containing a different 'exposure' of an object with a different pattern of structured laser beams projected onto it. The complete series of images creates a temporal-spatial encoding of the laser beams necessary to calculate a 3-D numerical recreation of the object. By using a parallel videocamera, the collection of a complete series is limited by the time it takes to expose each video-image, plus the time it takes to change the light pattern being projected. Using a rapid ferric liquid crystal electro-optic modulator with a 1 millisecond cycle time, and an SMD parallel videocamera cycling at 1 millisecond, each pattern is projected and recorded in a cycle time of 1/500th second. An entire set of patterns can then be recorded within 1/60th second. This pattern set contains all the information necessary to calculate a 3-D map. The use of hyper-speed parallel videocameras in conjunction with high speed modulators enables videodata rate acquisition of all data necessary to calculate numerical digital 3-D metrological surface data. Thus a 3-D video camera can operate at the rate of a conventional 2-D video camera. The speed of actual 3-D output information is a function of the speed of the computer, a parallel processor being preferred for the task. With video rate 3-D data acquisition law enforcement could survey crime scenes, obtain evidence, watch and record people, packages, suitcases, and record disaster scenes very rapidly. RP Altschuler, BR (reprint author), USAF,DENT CORPS,BLDG 2832,ERNIE PYLE AVE & 14TH ST,FT GEORGE G MEADE,MD 20755, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2366-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2962 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1117/12.267834 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BH32N UT WOS:A1997BH32N00029 ER PT B AU Liming, G Sisti, A AF Liming, G Sisti, A BE Sisti, AF TI Concurrent document construction within a virtual integration environment SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technology for Simulation Science CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE collaboration; digital library AB Traditional document construction, while potentially concurrent and occasionally collaborative, is rarely both. As a result, opportunities for compressing time to the first draft and increasing content value can not be easily leveraged. Further, the absence of a framework that supports collaboration constrains the potential for continuous document evolution (i.e., a living document). These conditions stem from not only lack of technology application, but equally an evolution in document construction culture. The Internet serves as a collection of models in which varying levels of collaboration are supported. For example, news groups and e-mail permit dialogs in both broadcast and directed modes, and HTML formatted files provide a forum for hyperlinking multi-media documentation. These technologies, however, exist in isolation and do not individually provide the services necessary for supporting collaboration during concurrent document construction. While commercially-available document-centered frameworks are emerging as viable virtual integration environments, their fairly minimal level of integration with Internet protocols and standards (most notably HTTP and HTML) constrain widespread use within organizational intranets. The lack of native support for HTML mandates deliberate conversion steps for access by common client applications (e.g., WWW browsers). As a result, GRC International, Inc., (GRCI) initiated development of a WWW-based, Virtual Integration Environment (VIE) in which documentation contributors, integrators and reviewers could collaborate using common Internet client applications for user access. The VIE was developed as a collection of services interfaced to an HTTP server via the Common Gateway Interface(CGI). These services implemented as a single CGI program dynamically construct the VIE user interface to reflect continuing updates to documentation submissions, review, and revisions. Contributions submitted as MIME-encoded e-mail messages may be integrated as new documents or as revisions without requiring the user to understand HTML or the underlying document storage implementation. RP Liming, G (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,BEDFORD,MA 01731, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2498-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3083 BP 315 EP 329 DI 10.1117/12.276727 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BJ16T UT WOS:A1997BJ16T00031 ER PT B AU deJonckheere, RK Franklin, TL Wilson, DD AF deJonckheere, RK Franklin, TL Wilson, DD BE Sisti, AF TI Spacecraft Simulation Toolkit (SST): An advanced distributed simulation framework for supporting the space warfighter SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technology for Simulation Science CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE spacecraft; modeling; simulation; architecture; visual programming AB The Spacecraft Simulation Toolkit (SST) is an advanced software architecture for the modeling and simulation of spacecraft and spacecraft interactions based upon state-of-the-art techniques, the Khoros visual programming environment, and accurate physical phenomenology. The SST simulates spacecraft systems and subsystems; the user virtually ''builds'' a spacecraft by selecting and integrating components, duplicating real world actions. The models in the SST perform algorithmic simulation of spacecraft functions. System design and simulation databases provide both the knowledge base within which detailed characteristics of the system are described and an efficient means to store simulation results for additional analysis. Representation of the real-world, natural environment is provided, Khoros also provides integrated data analysis and software development tools. The SST is being configured to meet a broad range of requirements in design, technology development, systems acquisition, on-orbit operations, and spacecraft operator training. RP deJonckheere, RK (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,VTS,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2498-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3083 BP 336 EP 345 DI 10.1117/12.276724 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BJ16T UT WOS:A1997BJ16T00033 ER PT J AU Khot, NS Veley, DE Bolonkin, AA AF Khot, NS Veley, DE Bolonkin, AA TI Design of structure control system using bounded LQG SO ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 345th Colloquium of the European-Mechanics-Society (Euromech) CY APR, 1996 CL UNIV LIVERPOOL, LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND SP European Mech Soc HO UNIV LIVERPOOL DE structural optimization; control; vibrations ID ROBUSTNESS AB An approach for designing a structure and its control system for vibration suppression is presented. The control system is based on the Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) and is modified to allow bounds on the actuators forces to simulate real actuators. The simultaneous design of the structure and control problem is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem. The system is designed for minimum weight where the weight includes both the weight of the structure and the weight of the actuators. The weight of an actuator is assumed to be proportional to the bound on the maximum force that it can supply. The design variables include the cross-sectional areas of the structural members and the bounds on the actuator forces. The constraints are imposed on the closed loop frequency distribution and the time to reduce the energy of vibration to a small portion of the initial vibrational energy of the system. The structure is analyzed using a finite element approach. For illustration of the design approach, a truss structure idealized with rod elements is used. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Flight Dynam Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Khot, NS (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Flight Dynam Directorate, WL FIBAD 2130 8th St,Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0305-215X J9 ENG OPTIMIZ JI Eng. Optimiz. PY 1997 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1080/03052159708941001 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA ZB480 UT WOS:000072476200020 ER PT S AU Schubbe, J Mall, S AF Schubbe, J Mall, S BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Fatigue crack growth behavior of thick aluminum panels repaired with composite patch SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE aging; aerospace/aircraft; repair AB Post-repair fatigue crack growth was investigated in 6.35 mm thick aluminum panels asymmetrically repaired with adhesively bonded boron/epoxy composite doublers. Experimental tests were carried out to measure patched and unpatched face crack growth rates (da/dN), center crack opening displacements, and selected strains. Crack growth data was acquired using optical, eddy current, and post-test analysis methods. A three-layer Mindlin plate finite element model was used as a numerical technique to predict patched and unpatched face stress intensity factors which were then used to compute crack growth rates for the specimens using material constants and the Paris Law relationship. Comparisons of the experimental to analytical curvatures of repaired panels showed excellent agreement. Crack growth rate predictions fall consistently within the range of analytical predictions at the patched and unpatched faces. The present analysis demonstrates the validity of the technique for repaired thick and thin panels. This procedure is, thus, an effective tool to investigate the behavior of fatigue crack growth in aluminum panels repaired with composite patches. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schubbe, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 197 EP 207 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200020 ER PT S AU Unroe, MR Tan, LS AF Unroe, MR Tan, LS BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI The design of high use temperature organic oligomeric and polymeric materials for air force applications SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE aerospace/aircraft; plastics; resins/polymers AB The need for high use temperature materials for structural and nonstructural aeronautical applications is understood, but special emphasis has been placed on increasing use temperatures as Air Force weapons systems have become more sophisticated and the individual system missions have changed. Some of the chemical parameters that impart high use temperature to organic polymeric materials also give those same materials flame resistance and/or flame retardance. This paper summarizes some recent research from the programs of the Materials Directorate that incorporate organic polymeric materials for structural and nonstructural applications, with specific emphasis on higher use temperature transparent materials. C1 Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, WL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Unroe, MR (reprint author), Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, WL MLBP, Bldg 654,2941 P Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 1071 EP 1077 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200107 ER PT S AU Fletcher, AJ AF Fletcher, AJ BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Material compatibility of non-metallic materials with JP-8+100 SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE jet fuel; material compatibility; thermal stability additive AB The recent Air Force conversion to JP-8 jet fuel is causing a significant amount of engine fouling and coking which is resulting in added aircraft downtime and maintenance costs. The Air Force Propulsion Directorate accelerated an existing program (JP-8+100) to improve the thermal stability of the fuel by 100 degrees F. Through mixing in a small amount of an additive, this new fuel will decrease degradation at higher temperatures thus allowing the engine to burn hotter and cleaner. Each additive that is proposed must receive vigorous testing for increased thermal stability, burn rate and material compatibility. Extensive material compatibility testing was performed by the Air Force Materials Directorate with the help of the University of Dayton Research Institute. Testing of non-metallic materials on the first additive (Betz Dearborn 8Q462) is presented here. This additive was found to be compatible with all existing materials. However, a good number of the materials were found to be temperature limited and unable to handle the fuel recycle temperatures of newer aircraft. New research programs are needed to develop higher temperature o-ring materials and bladder innerliner and hose innerliner materials. C1 Dept AF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Fletcher, AJ (reprint author), Dept AF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 1243 EP 1249 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200124 ER PT S AU Donley, MS Anspach, WF AF Donley, MS Anspach, WF BE Haulik, T Bailey, V Burton, R TI Air force advanced aircraft coatings program SO EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE COMPETITIVE EDGE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Evolving Technologies for the Competitive Edge (42nd ISSE) CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE aircraft coatings; research and development; near-; mid- and long-term AB This paper describes a comprehensive research and development program that addresses the aircraft coating needs of the U.S. Air Force, as defined in the Air Farce Coating Systems Strategy. This program is focused on the top coatings system requirements, as articulated in the strategy. It includes a near-term component to quickly field NESHAP compliant coating systems, a mid-term component to provide systems with significantly improved environmental and performance characteristics for the period 1997-2003 and a long-term component to address the fundamental technology issues associated with development of VOC free, toxic materials free, 30-year life coating systems which will satisfy the Air Force's needs for the year 2003 and beyond. The long-term needs are stated in the Air Force Mission Need Statement (MNS) entitled, "Advanced Aircraft Coatings Capability." C1 Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Donley, MS (reprint author), Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-77-8 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1997 VL 42 BP 1262 EP 1270 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK24H UT WOS:000071607200126 ER PT J AU Hart, SJ Chen, YM Kenny, JE Lien, BK Best, TW AF Hart, SJ Chen, YM Kenny, JE Lien, BK Best, TW TI Field demonstration of a multichannel fiber-optic laser-induced fluorescence system in a cone penetrometer vehicle SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LIF; EEM; in situ; soil contamination; fuels; CPT; fluorescence; fiber optics AB A laser-induced fluorescence system for in situ detection of soil contamination with cone penetrometer technology, capable of collecting three-dimensional fluorescence fingerprints (excitation-emission matrices, or EEMs) as the probe is advanced vertically, has been developed. In this report, we describe a recent field test at Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts, in which we demonstrated successful operation of the system. The system uses a pair of silica-clad-silica optical fibers for each of its channels (eight of which were used in the work described), one to deliver excitation light from the multiwave-length laser excitation source to the sample, and the other to conduct contaminant fluorescence to a grating spectrograph that utilizes a charge-coupled-device detector to record fluorescence intensity as a function of both excitation and emission wavelength. The matrix-formatted field data are displayed as three-dimensional fingerprints of contamination at given push locations and depths; they are also reduced in dimension by summing over one or both wavelength axes and plotting summed fluorescence versus depth to facilitate visualization of the approximate extent of the contaminant plume. Selected EEMs from each push location are examined for characteristic patterns and compared to standard EEMs of pure compounds and fuels. (C) 1991 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 TUFTS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MEDFORD,MA 02155. US EPA,NATL RISK MANAGEMENT RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. 66SPTG CEV,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1997 VL 1 IS 6 BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(199712)1:6<343::AID-FACT4>3.0.CO;2-R PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA YJ437 UT WOS:A1997YJ43700004 ER PT B AU Tipton, TL Hayworth, JS Brooks, L Yin, JT Vogt, BS AF Tipton, TL Hayworth, JS Brooks, L Yin, JT Vogt, BS GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI Modeling of naphthalene flow in a multilayered soil column using fiber-optic fluorescence sensors SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB A multiplexed set of fiber-optic fluorescence sensors was interfaced with a 2.4 x 51 cm soil column to facilitate the modeling of one-dimensional solute transport across soil layer boundaries. An understanding of the effects of physio-chemical heterogeneities on pollutant transport is needed to interpret evidence of these effects which were recently noted in field studies. The "soil" layers consisted of 2 types of glass beads: untreated and silanized, used as surrogates for sand and organic soil, respectively. A square pulse of naphthalene was injected into the column using a starting concentration within a range previously found to be describable by linear sorption isotherms. The experimental results were compared with a model which was formulated on the assumption that the absorption and desorption processes are instantaneous and reversible with linear isotherms. This model predicts changes in solute retardation resulting from layering effects and is applicable to any number of media layers. Experimental concentration profiles and breakthrough curves agreed with model predictions except for evidence of sensor fouling on the trailing side of the plume. C1 Armstrong Lab, Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Tipton, TL (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 183 EP 191 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900017 ER PT B AU Wantland, MJ Lee, GH Williston, C Habel, R Giles, J McKinney, B Vacarrezza, A AF Wantland, MJ Lee, GH Williston, C Habel, R Giles, J McKinney, B Vacarrezza, A GP AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC TI Large scale sampling and field analysis of potable water samples for lead at Lajes Field, Azores SO FIELD ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC CHEMICALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Specialty Conference on Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Chemicals CY JAN 29-31, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA AB Lajes Field has had elevated levels of various parameters in their drinking water for the past 15 years. The purpose of the project was to sample and analyze potable water samples from over 1300 spigots and faucets located in family housing, transit quarters and dormitories on the base. A field laboratory was established and all samples were screened for lead using Hach's LeadTrak(R) test kit. Approximately 10 percent of the screened samples were sent for confirmation analysis via furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometery. Correlation studies were performed to validate field screening and solidify recommendations on human health risk acid the need for remedial action. Only 7 percent of the confirmational analyses were subject to question. Overall, the field laboratory proved to be extremely cost effective by delivering analytical data in near "real-time" while reducing analysis costs by nearly 75 percent. C1 Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Wantland, MJ (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, Occupat & Environm Hlth Directorate, 2402 E Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 213 EP 223 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL51T UT WOS:000075753900020 ER PT S AU Shipman, RF Heras, AM Price, SD de Graauw, T Walker, HJ de Muizon, MJ Kessler, MF Prusti, T AF Shipman, RF Heras, AM Price, SD de Graauw, T Walker, HJ de Muizon, MJ Kessler, MF Prusti, T GP ESA TI Comparison of silicate emission sources with spectral standards SO FIRST ISO WORKSHOP ON ANALYTICAL SPECTROSCOPY: WITH SWS, LWS, PHT-S, AND CAM-CVF SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ISO Workshop on Analytical Spectroscopy CY OCT 06-08, 1997 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP European Space Agcy DE IR classification; AGB AB We present SWS AOT1 speed 1 spectra of five silicate emission sources and from ratios with spectra of dust free giants of similar optical spectral types. The ratios remove many of the CO and SiO absorption features in the 4 to 5 mu m region. The residual clearly shows a feature (in emission and absorption) near 4.3 mu m. We identify this feature with the 4.27 mu m gaseous CO2 band. The strength of the CO2 feature follows a temperature sequence: deep absorption in the coolest giant to emission in the hottest. This work is part of the extensive ISO dedicated time program, STARTYP1/2. The STARTYP1/2 program aims to provide comprehensive spectral classification of over 700 of the brightest representative infrared sources based on their 2.4 to 45 mu m spectra. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Shipman, RF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-676-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1997 VL 419 BP 295 EP 296 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK66F UT WOS:000072989100058 ER PT J AU Dodd, DE Kinkead, ER Wolfe, RE Leahy, HF English, JH Vinegar, A AF Dodd, DE Kinkead, ER Wolfe, RE Leahy, HF English, JH Vinegar, A TI Acute and subchronic inhalation studies on trifluoroiodomethane vapor in Fischer 344 rats SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE AB Trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) is being considered as a replacement compound for halon fire suppressants. Its structure is similar to that of Halon 1301 (CF3Br), but it has very low ozone depletion potential compared to CF3Br. As part of the process of developing environmental and health effects criteria, acute, 2-week, and 13-week nose-only inhalation toxicity studies were conducted in Fischer 344 rats. In the acute study, three groups of 30 male rats each were ex-posed to 0 (control), 0.5, or 1.0% (v/v) CF3I for 4 hr and euthanized immediately following exposure, 3 days postexposure, or 14 days postexposure. There were no deaths and no clinical signs of toxicity throughout the study. Histopathologic examination of select tissues showed no lesions of pathologic significance. In the 2-week study, four groups of 5 male rats each were exposed for 2 hr/day, 5 days/week to 0, 3, 6, or 12% CF3I. No deaths were observed, though lethargy and slight incoordination were noted in rats of the 6 and 12% groups at the conclusion of each daily exposure. Mean body weight gains were depressed in rats of the 6 and 12% groups. Serum thyroglobulin and reverse T-3 (rT(3)) values were increased at all exposure levels. At necropsy, no gross lesions or differences in absolute or relative organ weights were noted. Histopathologic examination of the thyroid and parathyroid glands indicated no morphological abnormalities in the CF3I-exposed rats. In the 13-week study, four groups of 15 male and 15 female rats were exposed to 0, 2, 4, or 8% CF3I 2 hr/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks. Rats exposed to 4 or 8% CF3I had lower mean body weights than the controls. Deaths observed in the 2 and 8% groups were attributed to accidents resulting from the restraint system employed. Hematologic alterations were minimal and considered insignificant. Increases in the frequency of micronucleated bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes were observed in rats of all three CF3I groups. Serum chemistry alterations observed in rats of all CF3I exposure groups included decreases in T-3 and increases in thyroglobulin, rT(3), T-4, and TSH. Relative organ weight increases (8% CF3I group) occurred in the brain, liver, and thyroid glands; decreases were observed in the thymus and testes. A decrease in relative thymus weights and an increase in relative thyroid weights were observed also in rats of the 2 and 4% groups. Histopathological findings included a mild inflammation in the nasal turbinates of rats exposed to 4 or 8% CF3I, mild atrophy and degeneration of the testes (4 and 8% CF3I groups), and a mild increase in thyroid follicular colloid content in rats of all CF3I exposure groups. Though NOAELs were observed far select target organs (e.g., nasal turbinates, testes), NOAELs were not apparent in all target organs examined (e.g., thyroid glands, bone marrow). (C) 1997 Society of Toxicology. C1 USA,MED RES UNIT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,DAYTON,OH 45433. RP Dodd, DE (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,POB 31009,DAYTON,OH 45437, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 64 EP 77 DI 10.1006/faat.1996.2260 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA WE862 UT WOS:A1997WE86200007 PM 9024674 ER PT B AU Young, MJ Deutsch, SE AF Young, MJ Deutsch, SE BE Gertman, DI Schurman, DL Blackman, HS TI Integrating human performance into the design process: The operator model architecture SO GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN FACTORS IN POWER GENERATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 6th Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants - Global Perspectives of Human Factors in Power Generation CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE DE human factors; system analysis and design; design methodology; psychology; object-oriented programming; artificial intelligence AB The Operator Model Architecture (OMAR) is a suite of software tools designed to support research and development in human performance modeling. Human operator models currently under development in OMAR possess the communication and collaboration skills required to evaluate the teamwork frequently required in the operation of today's complex systems. OMAR makes it possible to develop and evaluate system operating and maintenance procedures early in the system development cycle. Human operator and system maintenance considerations may be addressed as the system design evolves. The ability to meet these important human factors requirements at this early stage of system development promises improved system design and reduced life-cycle costs. RP Young, MJ (reprint author), USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,LOGIST RES DIV,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3770-0 PY 1997 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ81C UT WOS:A1997BJ81C00031 ER PT S AU Brothers, CP Chavez, JR Alexander, DR Mavis, DG AF Brothers, CP Chavez, JR Alexander, DR Mavis, DG BE Culp, RD Wiens, SB TI Radiation hardening techniques for commercially produced microelectronics for space guidance and control applications SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 1997 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 05-09, 1997 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP Amer Astronaut Soc AB Guidance and control in space applications requires the use of robust radiation resistant microelectronics. The Air Force requires all new system development occur with affordability as a major issue; as such, performance is no longer the only consideration. Phillips laboratory is working on developing microelectronics and instruments with affordability as a major criteria. In our efforts we have developed design methodologies which allow microelectronics produced at commercial production foundries to be radiation hardened to meet the natural space radiation environment. We are currently having a microcontroller fabricated to prove the concept. Our future efforts include producing circuits at advanced deep sub-micron foundries to prove the concept across a wide range of commercial foundries. Our goal is to develop designs radiation tolerant to 100k Rads(Si) total dose ionizing radiation and immune to single event effects below 50 MeV-cm2/mg. It should be noted the design methods we are pursuing will have limitations in the level of obtainable complexity and performance available in advanced commercial microelectronics. The design methods we are using consume about two times the area and have greater circuit capacitance than conventional commercial designs. However, with current state-of-the-art foundry capability, the processing and memory requirements for guidance, navigation, and control can be met. The radiation characterization information from the circuit designs we have had fabricated to date which maps our future direction in this research, is presented. RP Brothers, CP (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 SN 0065-3438 BN 0-87703-430-3 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1997 VL 94 BP 169 EP 180 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BJ04Q UT WOS:A1997BJ04Q00013 ER PT B AU Barnaba, JM AF Barnaba, JM BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI Human factors issues in the development of helmet mounted displays for tactical, fixed-wing aircraft SO HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-Mounted Displays II CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE human factors; Helmet Mounted Display (HMD); anthropometry; mass properties; stability; uplook AB There are many human factors issues that should be considered when designing a helmet mounted display for use in high speed aircraft with ejection seats. The Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System Program Office, with support from the Armstrong Laboratory and the Naval Air Warfare Center, has been studying many of these issues and is able to report several findings in the areas of anthropometry, limitations in head movement, helmet stability under high gravity forces and mass properties. This paper serves to summarize the findings of the program office in these areas. The paper will include highlights of several studies that have involved anthropometric data manipulation, 3-D head scans, and testing of manikin and human subjects in static and dynamic cockpit environment simulations. RP Barnaba, JM (reprint author), AERONAUT SYST CTR,SMYC,JOINT HELMET MOUNTED CUEING SYST PROGRAM OFF,MS28,2145 MONAHAN WAY,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2473-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3058 BP 2 EP 13 DI 10.1117/12.276633 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BJ12Z UT WOS:A1997BJ12Z00001 ER PT B AU Post, DL Monnier, P Calhoun, CS AF Post, DL Monnier, P Calhoun, CS BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI Predicting color breakup on field-sequential displays SO HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-Mounted Displays II CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE breakup; color; display; field rate; field sequential; frame rate; model; prediction; refresh rate AB The quest for color head- and helmet-mounted displays has led some designers to consider the use of field-sequential color (FSC) because it offers higher resolution than conventional color displays in a compact package. Unfortunately, FSC displays exhibit color breakup sometimes, and the viewing conditions under which this occurs have not been established very well. We performed an experiment to determine color-breakup thresholds for a simple FSC stimulus as a function of stimulus luminance, contrast, and retinal velocity. We developed equations that describe the results and can be used to predict whether color breakup will be visible for specified viewing conditions. RP Post, DL (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,2255 H ST,ROOM 300,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2473-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3058 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1117/12.276660 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BJ12Z UT WOS:A1997BJ12Z00006 ER PT B AU Task, HL Parisi, VM AF Task, HL Parisi, VM BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI Effects of aircraft windscreens and canopies on HMT/D aiming accuracy .2. SO HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-Mounted Displays II CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE helmet mounted displays; aircraft windscreens; aiming accuracy; aiming error; angular deviation; canopies; cueing systems AB Modern fighter aircraft windscreens and canopies are typically made of curved, transparent plastic for improved aerodynamics and bird-strike protection. Since they are curved these transparencies often refract light in such a way that a pilot looking through the transparency will see a target in a location other than where it actually is. This effect has been known for many years and methods to correct the aircraft head-up display (HUD) for these angular deviations have been developed and employed. The same problem occurs for helmet-mounted displays (HMDs) used for target acquisition. However, for this application, correction of these errors is more difficult due to the fact the pilot can look through any part of the transparency instead of being constrained to just the forward section as in the case of the HUD. To determine the potential impact of these refractive errors on HMDs six F-15 windscreens and four F-15 canopies were measured from twelve different possible eye positions and a wide range of azimuth and elevation angles. These measurements were then used to develop ''best fit' curves that could be used to partially correct for the refractive effects of the transparencies. RP Task, HL (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,FITTS HUMAN ENGN DIV,CFHV,2255 H ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2473-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3058 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1117/12.276662 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BJ12Z UT WOS:A1997BJ12Z00008 ER PT B AU Underhill, G Bailey, RE Markman, S AF Underhill, G Bailey, RE Markman, S BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI Helmet-mounted display technology on the VISTA NF-16D SO HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head-Mounted Displays II CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE helmet mounted display; head-up display; programmable display system; head tracking; missile cueing; rapid prototyping; flight test; in-flight simulation; VISTA NF-16D; symbology development; Primary Flight Reference AB Wright Laboratory's Variable-Stability In-Flight Simulator Test Aircraft (VISTA) NF-16D is the newest in-flight simulator in the USAF inventory. A unique research aircraft, it will perform a multitude of missions: to develop and evaluate night characteristics of new aircraft that have not yet flown, and perform research in the areas of flying qualities, flight control design, pilot-vehicle interface, weapons and avionics integration, and to train new test pilots. The VISTA upgrade will enhance the simulation fidelity and research capabilities by adding a programmable helmet-mounted display (HMD) and head-up display (HUD) in the front cockpit. The programmable HMD consists of a GEC-Marconi Avionics Viper II Helmet-Mounted Optics Module integrated with a modified Helmet Integrated Systems Limited (HISL) HGU-X6/P helmet, the Honeywell Advanced Metal Tolerant tracker, and a GEC-Marconi Avionics Programmable Display Generator. This system will provide a real-time programmable (i.e., modifiable display symbology and drivers) HUD and monocular stroke capable HMD in the front cockpit. The HMD system is designed for growth to stroke-on-video, binocular capability. This paper examines some of issues associated with current HMD development, and explains the value of rapid prototyping or 'quick-look' flight testing on the VISTA NF-16D. A brief overview of the VISTA NF-16D and the hardware and software modifications made to incorporate the programmable display system is given, as well as a review of several key decisions that were made in the programmable display system implementation. The system's capabilities and what they mean to potential users and designers are presented, particularly for pilot-vehicle interface research. RP Underhill, G (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2473-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3058 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1117/12.276649 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BJ12Z UT WOS:A1997BJ12Z00028 ER PT B AU Sendeckyj, GP AF Sendeckyj, GP BE Soboyejo, WO Srivatsan, TS TI History of constant life diagrams SO HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Cycle Fatigue of Structural Materials in Honor of Professor Paul C Paris, Held During Materials Week 97 CY SEP 14-18, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, ASM Int AB A historical review of the early development of constant life diagrams (variously referred to as Goodman, Smith, Haigh, etc. diagrams) is presented. It is shown that neither Gerber nor Goodman published the first constant life diagram. Goodman never drew what is now called the Goodman diagram and the so-called Goodman law was in general engineering use before Goodman's book first appeared. Johnson derived an equation that is equivalent to the so-called Goodman law, published it two years before Goodman's book appeared, and pointed out that it was consistent with an equation in common engineering use. The first books on fatigue of metals introduced citation inaccuracies, which were propagated by subsequent authors. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, MLLN, Wright Lab Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sendeckyj, GP (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, MLLN, Wright Lab Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-382-1 PY 1997 BP 95 EP 107 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK49Y UT WOS:000072372400008 ER PT J AU Moran, CA Suster, S Koss, MN AF Moran, CA Suster, S Koss, MN TI Smooth muscle tumours of the pleura SO HISTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID MALIGNANT FIBROUS TUMORS; BENIGN RP Moran, CA (reprint author), USAF,INST PATHOL,DEPT PULM & MEDIASTINAL PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0309-0167 J9 HISTOPATHOLOGY JI Histopathology PD JAN PY 1997 VL 30 IS 1 BP 97 EP 98 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2559.1997.d01-569.x PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA WE322 UT WOS:A1997WE32200018 PM 9023567 ER PT J AU Bartholomew, D Abshire, T Fries, M Smith, A AF Bartholomew, D Abshire, T Fries, M Smith, A TI Novel missense mutation in the coagulation factor IX catalytic domain associated with moderate disease SO HUMAN MUTATION LA English DT Article ID HEMOPHILIA-B; GENE C1 USAF,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,KEESLER AFB,MS 39534. RP Bartholomew, D (reprint author), USAF,MED CTR,DEPT MED GENET,KEESLER AFB,MS 39534, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1059-7794 J9 HUM MUTAT JI Hum. Mutat. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 72 EP 73 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA WA489 UT WOS:A1997WA48900015 PM 8990015 ER PT J AU Agee, FJ AF Agee, FJ TI Radiation machines for gamma-ray laser research SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Gamma-Ray Laser Workshop (GARALAS 95) CY AUG 19-23, 1995 CL PREDEAL, ROMANIA ID NUCLEAR ISOMERS; PHOTOEXCITATION AB In the basic research efforts to define the optimum isomers for making a gamma-ray laser, a variety of radiation sources have been used to find the nuclear gateways that make the idea possible. The radiation sources have several roles to play in the gamma-ray laser process, including pumping isomers to excited states with long lifetimes and in subsequently pumping these to short-lived states that quickly decay. This paper reviews the technology of the radiation sources and the desirable characteristics relative to pumping and triggering in gamma-ray laser research. RP Agee, FJ (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,WSR,3550 ABERDEEN AVE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 107 IS 1-4 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1023/A:1012088613293 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XE449 UT WOS:A1997XE44900006 ER PT B AU Lincoln, JW AF Lincoln, JW BE Cook, R Poole, P TI Aging aircraft - USAF experience and actions SO ICAF 97: FATIGUE IN NEW AND AGEING AIRCRAFT, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: LECTURE PAPERS, VOL II: POSTER PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Symposium of the International-Committee-on-Aeronautical-Fatigue - Fatigue in New and Ageing Aircraft (ICAF 97) CY JUN 18-20, 1997 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Int Comm Aeronaut Fatigue AB In the seventies and eighties the United States Air Force performed damage tolerance assessments of their major aircraft systems to establish inspection and modification programs to maintain their structural integrity. These airplanes have now become older and in many cases there are indications of aging. This means in some cases their maintenance programs may need modification. This need arises because the airplanes have experienced one or more of the following problems: operations beyond the design service life, corrosion, onset of widespread fatigue damage, or repairs. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the results and implications of some of the recent reviews of aging aircraft and describe the actions taken to ensure their safety and continued economical operations. C1 Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lincoln, JW (reprint author), Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENGINEERING MATERIALS ADVISORY SERVICES LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA C/O NCODE, 230 WOODBOURN RD, SHEFFIELD S9 3LQ, ENGLAND BN 0-947817-97-2 PY 1997 BP 3 EP 38 PG 36 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BN07N UT WOS:000080598500001 ER PT B AU Babish, C Liu, KW AF Babish, C Liu, KW BE Cook, R Poole, P TI Lessons learned from the C-17A full scale airframe durability qualification test program SO ICAF 97: FATIGUE IN NEW AND AGEING AIRCRAFT, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: LECTURE PAPERS, VOL II: POSTER PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Symposium of the International-Committee-on-Aeronautical-Fatigue - Fatigue in New and Ageing Aircraft (ICAF 97) CY JUN 18-20, 1997 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Int Comm Aeronaut Fatigue AB The qualification of the C-17A airframe structure with respect to durability requirements involved a number of full scale component tests and a virtually complete airframe test article. The full scale airframe durability article was tested for three design service lifetimes and an additional 28,000 full pressure cycles are being conducted. Then have been many lessons learned from this test program in the area of test spectrum development, instrumentation requirements, setting up an inspection program, tracking the accuracy of the loads applied and assessments of unanticipated fatigue cracking. This paper provides an overview of the test program and discusses the lessons learned in various aspects of the test program. C1 USAF, Syst Program Off C17, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Babish, C (reprint author), USAF, Syst Program Off C17, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENGINEERING MATERIALS ADVISORY SERVICES LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA C/O NCODE, 230 WOODBOURN RD, SHEFFIELD S9 3LQ, ENGLAND BN 0-947817-97-2 PY 1997 BP 327 EP 345 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BN07N UT WOS:000080598500018 ER PT B AU Muller, RPG Hart-Smith, LJ AF Muller, RPG Hart-Smith, LJ BE Cook, R Poole, P TI Making fuselage rivetted lap splices with 200-year crack-free fatigue lives SO ICAF 97: FATIGUE IN NEW AND AGEING AIRCRAFT, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: LECTURE PAPERS, VOL II: POSTER PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Symposium of the International-Committee-on-Aeronautical-Fatigue - Fatigue in New and Ageing Aircraft (ICAF 97) CY JUN 18-20, 1997 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Int Comm Aeronaut Fatigue AB New test data are presented to demonstrate benefits to fuselage lap splices from proper rivet installation under controlled high squeeze force. Higher squeeze force alone is shown to raise the fatigue life of a conventional 3-row countersunk-rivet lap splice from no more than 100,000 cycles to failure with today's installation standards to almost 500,000 cycles to failure, at the same stress level, 115 MPa (16.7 ksi), with exactly the same rivets and joint geometry. Improving the design, by using NACA-type rivets installed from the inside out at both the top and bottom rows in the joint, is shown to further increase the fatigue lives to 1,000,000 cycles with the same number of rivets of the same diameter and the same stress in the same skin. This would correspond with a service life of 200 years before any crack grew to a detectable size. Combining both improvements with an increase in overlap to reduce bending stresses, while keeping the same three rows of rivets is shown to result in a life of almost 4,000,000 cycles at the same stress level. C1 USAF Acad, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Muller, RPG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENGINEERING MATERIALS ADVISORY SERVICES LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA C/O NCODE, 230 WOODBOURN RD, SHEFFIELD S9 3LQ, ENGLAND BN 0-947817-97-2 PY 1997 BP 499 EP 522 PG 24 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BN07N UT WOS:000080598500027 ER PT B AU Naboulsi, S Mall, S Denney, JJ AF Naboulsi, S Mall, S Denney, JJ BE Cook, R Poole, P TI Analysis of fatigue crack growth in imperfectly bonded composite patch repairs of cracked aluminium panels SO ICAF 97: FATIGUE IN NEW AND AGEING AIRCRAFT, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: LECTURE PAPERS, VOL II: POSTER PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Symposium of the International-Committee-on-Aeronautical-Fatigue - Fatigue in New and Ageing Aircraft (ICAF 97) CY JUN 18-20, 1997 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Int Comm Aeronaut Fatigue AB This study analyzes the effects of imperfectly and perfectly bonded composite patches to repair clacked aluminum panels. Both the experimental and analytical investigations are presented. Experiments involves the measurement of fatigue crack growth rates in flat aluminum panels with both perfectly and imperfectly bonded composite patches. The analytical procedure involves the two-dimensional finite element method using three layers to model the cracked plate, the adhesive, and the composite patch. The crack growth rates are computed by assuming that the relationship between the stress intensity factor and the crack growth rate after repair is the same as the fatigue crack growth relationship (Paris Law) for an unpatched cracked panel. The crack growth rates computed experimentally and analytically are in good agreement. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naboulsi, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENGINEERING MATERIALS ADVISORY SERVICES LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA C/O NCODE, 230 WOODBOURN RD, SHEFFIELD S9 3LQ, ENGLAND BN 0-947817-97-2 PY 1997 BP 639 EP 655 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BN07N UT WOS:000080598500033 ER PT B AU Fredell, R Guijt, C Mazza, J AF Fredell, R Guijt, C Mazza, J BE Cook, R Poole, P TI The development of an integrated bonded repair system - A reliable means of giving new life to aging airframes SO ICAF 97: FATIGUE IN NEW AND AGEING AIRCRAFT, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: LECTURE PAPERS, VOL II: POSTER PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Symposium of the International-Committee-on-Aeronautical-Fatigue - Fatigue in New and Ageing Aircraft (ICAF 97) CY JUN 18-20, 1997 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Int Comm Aeronaut Fatigue AB The application of bonded composite repairs to restore cracked or corroded metallic airframes has seen rapid expansion recently, following twenty years of technology development. The need for standardized bonded repair methods is growing along with the number of cracked and aging structures. The existing bonded repair technologies are maturing rapidly. However, several specialities (design and analysis, surface preparation and installation, inspection, training and certification) must be integrated into a seamless package before airlines and airworthiness authorities will embrace bonded "crack patching." This paper outlines efforts by the United States Air Force to develop an integrated system to allow aircraft maintenance engineers to cover the complete life cycle of a bonded repair. The successful construction of this integrated system will speed the widespread acceptance of the technology and help to assure the continued airworthiness of the aging aircraft fleet. C1 USAF Acad, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fredell, R (reprint author), USAF Acad, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENGINEERING MATERIALS ADVISORY SERVICES LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA C/O NCODE, 230 WOODBOURN RD, SHEFFIELD S9 3LQ, ENGLAND BN 0-947817-97-2 PY 1997 BP 1075 EP 1083 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BN07N UT WOS:000080598500068 ER PT B AU Ruyten, WM AF Ruyten, WM BE Owen, FK TI Correcting luminescent paint measurements for self-illumination SO ICIASF '97 RECORD - INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INSTRUMENTATION IN AEROSPACE SIMULATION FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 1997 CL ASILOMAR CONF CTR, PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Complere Inc HO ASILOMAR CONF CTR AB One of the potential problems in pressure-sensitive or other luminescent paint measurements is self-illumination of the test article. If uncorrected, such self-illumination can lead to measurement errors. Here, a numerical correction procedure is discussed for both diffuse paints and paints with arbitrary reflection characteristics. Pros and cons of the two models are discussed. For the diffuse case, a calibration procedure is described, as well as the implementation of the correction algorithm in the overall data processing software. A numerical case study is presented for a specific example, the Dornier Alpha jet. RP Ruyten, WM (reprint author), SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,AEDC GRP,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4168-6 PY 1997 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644640 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BJ90A UT WOS:A1997BJ90A00001 ER PT B AU Dale, G Baron, A Tyler, C Mastrocola, V AF Dale, G Baron, A Tyler, C Mastrocola, V BE Owen, FK TI Global luminescent lifetime measurements on a body in free fall SO ICIASF '97 RECORD - INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INSTRUMENTATION IN AEROSPACE SIMULATION FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 1997 CL ASILOMAR CONF CTR, PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Complere Inc HO ASILOMAR CONF CTR AB An experiment to investigate the feasibility of making global luminescent lifetime measurements in the laboratory is described. The measurements, on store models in free fall in still air, was motivated by the availability of a fast framing CCD (FF-CCD) camera under development. The store models were coated with a pressure sensitive paint (PSP) incorporating platinum meso-tetra (Pentafluorphenyl) Porphyrin (PtTFPP) dye having a luminescent lifetime of approximately 20 mu sec at atmospheric pressure. Changes in paint lifetime were induced by injecting inert gas in the vicinity of the failing store. The test region was illuminated with a standard, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. The luminescence of the paint was acquired using the FF-CCD camera which employs a unique focal plane array having the facility to store images on the array itself. The camera system can acquire images at rates up to 1 MHz. The luminescent lifetimes were measured using rapid lifetime determination, a time domain technique which involves monitoring the luminescence of the paint following pulsed excitation. Lifetime measurements are presented for the store model in free fall. Measurement error sources are discussed. Characteristics of an improved measurement system are proposed. RP Dale, G (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4168-6 PY 1997 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644653 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BJ90A UT WOS:A1997BJ90A00005 ER PT B AU Wade, P Tyler, C AF Wade, P Tyler, C BE Owen, FK TI An investigation of various unwrap/reduction methods to quantify phase-shifted holographic interferometry SO ICIASF '97 RECORD - INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INSTRUMENTATION IN AEROSPACE SIMULATION FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 1997 CL ASILOMAR CONF CTR, PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Complere Inc HO ASILOMAR CONF CTR AB Measurement time is of the essence for most ground test facilities, so measurement techniques capable of measuring planes of data are much more attractive than those which measure only single points. Many techniques already exist which allow for nonintrusive measurements of pressure, temperature and density; several of which are two-dimensional by design. Holography and holographic interferometry are well established techniques; however, for the most part they provide qualitative data. A computer program for achieving quantitative two-dimensional or axis-symmetric density maps using a phase-shifted holographic interferometer is currently being developed. Several phase-unwrapping and data reduction methods were investigated in an effort to produce a computer program capable of correctly analyzing a flowfield. Several test holographic interferograms of a candle flame and a heat gun, made in a laboratory setting were used to validate various aspects of the software algorithms. A discussion of the algorithms investigated and the determination of which algorithm best analyzes the flowfield structures will be presented. RP Wade, P (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4168-6 PY 1997 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1109/ICIASF.1997.644749 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BJ90A UT WOS:A1997BJ90A00033 ER PT B AU Fellner, JP Sandhu, SS AF Fellner, JP Sandhu, SS GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Theoretical and experimental analysis of a 3-volt lithium/polymer rechargeable battery SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The cell voltage and discharge capacity as a function of discharge rate for a room temperature rechargeable lithium/polymer electrolyte/lithium manganese oxide cell can be accurately simulated by a simple diffusion-limited reaction model and by a transient, two dimensional mass transfer and generation model. The importance of using the intrinsic lithium chemical diffusion coefficient in modeling lithium insertion cathode materials is addressed. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fellner, JP (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900006 ER PT B AU Radzykewycz, DT Nagubandi, S Olsen, II AF Radzykewycz, DT Nagubandi, S Olsen, II GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI The US Air Force Phillips Laboratory lithium-polymer battery program SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The U.S. Air Force is examining lithium-polymer batteries as possible replacements for the Ag/ZnO primary batteries used in space launch vehicles. Li-polymer batteries possess some definite advantages over Ag/ZnO batteries: namely, an increase in energy density while retaining a similar specific energy, a reduction in the amount of liquid electrolyte, and a greatly extended "wet" shelf life. This combination of factors makes the Li-polymer battery a very attractive energy storage medium. In addition, Li-polymer batteries can be recharged if needed; in fact, 1.1 Ah test cell packs fabricated for this Air Force program have been cycled more than 10 times. Thus, if a launch needs to be scrubbed for any reason after the batteries have been partially or fully discharged, they need not be replaced. In an effort to address space power systems concerns, Phillips Laboratory has contracted with SAFT America and Binrad Industries, Inc. to develop a 150 Ah Li-polymer cell with a specific energy of 150 Wh/kg and a power density of 100 W/kg. The first hardware deliverables (four 1.2 Ah cell packs) are to be delivered in June 1997, with a 150 Ah cell pack to be delivered in June 1998. After the Air Force receives these batteries, they will undergo in-house testing. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, PL VTVP, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Radzykewycz, DT (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, PL VTVP, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 68 EP 71 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900015 ER PT B AU Ryan, DM LaFollette, RM Salmon, L AF Ryan, DM LaFollette, RM Salmon, L GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Microscopic batteries for micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Over the last decade, the same micromachining manufacturing methods that have made micro electronic circuitry and microcomputer technology possible have also made micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) a reality. Micromachines composed of various combinations of microscopic electric motors, microscopic gear trains, pumps and valves, relays and electronics, etc., can be designed and built. Most machines require power and autonomous power is usually most desirable. Because its possible to manufacture machines small enough to fit on a microchip, there is a need for microscopic batteries, which can also reside on the chip, to power them. The ability to store energy in miniature, rechargeable devices, which are integrated into a MEMS circuit, would enhance MEMS technology in sever always. First, devices could be made which would be independent of a continuous, external supply of power. Second, energy efficiency could be maintained due to low power transmission losses. Third, the cost of the device could be lowered due to reducing the complexity of the electrical connections. Fourth, electrochemical cells can be arrayed in series and paralleled arrangements to achieve different combinations of operating voltage and capacity. Bipolar Technologies of Prove, Utah, has completed a Phase I, SBIR project sponsored by BMDO, and managed by Wright Laboratories, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio. This Phase I effort was divided into three specific tasks: 1) preliminary design; 2) development of fabrication processes; and 3) evaluation of test cells. The purpose of the first task was to describe an energy storage approach, suitable for use in MEMS, involving microscopic batteries. During the design task numerous electrochemical couples were screened by testing small, flat cells. Among the couples tested were lead/acid, nickel/zinc, nickel/cadmium, nickel/metal hydride, lead/zinc, silver/zinc, and lithium/carbon. Numerous battery designs were proposed. Developing fabrication processes was an important Phase I objective. It had to be demonstrated that traditional micromachining processes could be devised to manufacture microbattery components. For example, it was necessary to demonstrate thin film technologies that could produce a NiOOH cathode layer that was of high quality and only 1-5 microns thick. Anodes had to be prepared. A particular challenge was the codeposition of a two component hydride capable of hydrogen insertion. Separators had to be deposited. Batteries bad to have aqueous electrolyte added and then sealed properly. The resultant design activities were followed by the performance of proof-of-concept experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of microscopic batteries for MEMS. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, POOB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryan, DM (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, POOB, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900017 ER PT B AU Scanlon, LG Storch, DM Newton, JH Sandi, G AF Scanlon, LG Storch, DM Newton, JH Sandi, G GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI A theoretical study of a carbon lattice system for lithium intercalated carbon anodes SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB A theoretical study was performed using computational chemistry to describe the intermolecular forces between graphite layers as well as spacing and conformation. It was found that electron correlation and a diffuse basis set were important for this calculation. In addition, the high reactivity of edge sites in lithium intercalated carbon anodes was also investigated. In this case, the reactive sites appear to strongly correlate with the relative distribution of the total atomic spin densities as well as total atomic charges. The spacing of graphite layers and lithium ion separation within an "approximated" lithium intercalated carbon anode was also investigated. The spacing of the carbon layers used in this investigation agrees most closely for that found in disordered carbon lattices. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Aero Prop & Power Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Scanlon, LG (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Aero Prop & Power Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 87 EP 92 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900019 ER PT B AU Tolkkinen, LE Ramalingam, ML Tunstall, C AF Tolkkinen, LE Ramalingam, ML Tunstall, C GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Static and dynamic characteristics of 4H-SiC P+N and 6H-SiC Schottky diodes SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductor power devices have good potential for operating at higher temperatures compared to Si-based electronics. Silicon carbide (SiC) currently represents a good WBG candidate for use in developing power MOSFETs and Schottky diodes used in power conditioning and control electronics that are required for the next generation More Electric Aircraft (MEA). To that end, SiC Schottky and p(+)n diodes were examined; the SiC Schottky diode is important for use in power switching applications due to its fast reverse recovery times. Faster switching times lead to lower power losses, which in turn dissipates less heat. The SiC p(+)n diode is the basic voltage blocking structure in the SiC MOSFET. Forward and reverse bias static and dynamic characteristics were obtained for 4H-SiC p(+)n diodes in vacuum at temperatures in the range of 298K to 698K. Static characteristics revealed a decrease in forward threshold voltage from 2 volts at similar to 298K to 1.25 volts at 698K; similar behavior was also observed for 6H-SiC Schottky diodes as a function of temperature. Dynamic measurements yielded low frequency (100KHz) rectifier efficiencies of similar to 38% for the SiC Schottky diodes over the temperature range similar to 298K -273K, compared to similar to 34% for the SiC p(+)n diodes. Data was also obtained for diode power dissipation versus duty cycle and temperature. It is believed that an error exists in our experimental setup for power dissipation. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, POOD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tolkkinen, LE (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, POOD, 1950 5th St,Bldg 18, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 312 EP 316 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900059 ER PT B AU Walko, LC Schweickart, DL Gruden, JM Li, GSYT Jarupan, B Sebo, SA AF Walko, LC Schweickart, DL Gruden, JM Li, GSYT Jarupan, B Sebo, SA GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Full scale lightning generation techniques for aircraft susceptibility evaluations SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB There are numerous laboratory tests that simulate aircraft/lightning interactions to assess aircraft survivability and vulnerability. One such test uses a high voltage capacitor bank to generate a high current pulse that is applied to an actual aircraft or a geometrically similar structure. The current pulse is similar in peak magnitude and shape to lightning return strokes present in a lightning flash. The test technique described here uses an aluminum cylinder to simulate an aircraft. The cylinder is representative in size and construction of a fighter-type aircraft fuselage. The objective is to assess the susceptibility of aircraft electrical circuits to the electromagnetic effects of the lightning current. When the current pulse is applied, measurements are made on electrical circuits inside the cylinder to determine the magnitude of voltages and currents induced as a result of electromagnetic fields created by the lightning current flowing on the cylinder surface. The high voltage capacitor bank used to generate the pulse will be described along with details of the test circuit. The characteristics of the generated current waveshape and the limitations of pulse generators to simulate the complete lightning flash threat will be presented. In addition, the total electrical circuit, which includes the capacitor bank, cylinder, and return leads has been modeled. Through computer analysis, the waveshapes of the total surface current were calculated and compared to empirical values for the cylinder test configuration. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Aero Prop & Power Diretorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Walko, LC (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Aero Prop & Power Diretorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 359 EP 363 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900068 ER PT B AU Fingers, RT Coate, JE Dowling, NE AF Fingers, RT Coate, JE Dowling, NE GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Mechanical properties of iron-cobalt alloys for power applications SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The United States Air Force is in the process of developing magnetic bearings as well as an aircraft Integrated Power Unit and an Internal Starter/Generator for main propulsion engines. These developments are the driving force for the new emphasis on high temperature, high strength magnetic materials for power applications. Analytical work, utilizing elasticity theory, in conjunction with design requirements, indicates a need for magnetic materials to have strengths in excess of 80 ksi up to about 1000 degrees F. Two specific iron-cobalt alloys have been tested as part of a magnetic materials characterization program at Wright Laboratory. The first material is Hiperco(R) Alloy 50HS from Carpenter Technology Corporation and the second is HS50 from Telcon Limited. Specimens of each alloy have been heat treated by various recipes ranging in temperature from 1300 degrees F to 1350 degrees F and times of one and two hours. Tensile testing was performed in accordance with ASTM Standard E-8 for the room temperature tests and ASTM Standard E-21 for the elevated temperature tests. The tests were performed at room temperature and at 900 degrees F. Stress versus strain behavior was measured and analyzed. The curves clearly indicate: a yield point, a heterogeneous deformation described as Luders elongation and most often a section of homogeneous deformation that concluded with necking and fracture. Limited creep testing was also conducted in accordance with ASTM Standard E-139 and time to one percent, two percent, and failure was measured and the behavior is discussed. The effect of composition and heat treatment of these two soft magnetic materials on mechanical behavior and the impact on potential aircraft power applications is discussed. C1 USAF, Aero Prop & Power Directorate, Wright Lab, WL POOS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fingers, RT (reprint author), USAF, Aero Prop & Power Directorate, Wright Lab, WL POOS, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 563 EP 568 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900104 ER PT B AU Cloyd, JS AF Cloyd, JS GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI A status of the United States Air Force's more electric aircraft initiative SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Since the early 1990's, the United States Air Force has been successfully pursuing advancement in aircraft electrical power system technologies as a means of collectively establishing the capability to dramatically reduce or eliminate centralized hydraulics aboard aircraft and replace it with electrical power as the motive force for all aircraft functions. This overall approach (called the More Electric Aircraft, MEA) has been analytically determined to provide dramatic improvements in reliability, maintainability, supportability and operations/support cost as well as enhancements in aircraft weight, volume, and battle-damage reconfigurability Historically, the concept of an electrically-based aircraft had been considered by military aircraft designers since World War II, but a lack of electrical power generation capability and the volume of required power conditioning equipment rendered this approach unfeasible. Advances in switched reluctance configuration electric machines and solid state power electronics has now enabled demonstration of an MEA. A time-and technology availability-phased research and development program has been structured to demonstrate the required electrical component and subsystems performance to allow equivalent or improved aircraft performance over the use of hydraulic power. Generation I of the MEA initiative, scheduled for completion in the 1998 time frame, established electrical capabilities toward the initial elimination of aircraft hydraulics. Generation II bf the initiative, with technology availability in the 2005 time frame, projects such dramatic improvements in electrical power capability so as to provide large quantities (hundreds of kilowatts) of excess onboard electrical power for a variety of revolutionary military functions. This paper provides: 1) a brief historical treatment of technology milestones achieved which enabled the MEA approach, 2) a status of United States Air Force and Department of Defense research and development programs in electrical power generation, distribution, energy storage, systems integration and flight testing, 3) a description of some of the Air Force's planned demonstration activities in aircraft electrical power subsystems, and 4) the dual use nature of many of these technologies to enable a variety of electric and hybrid electrically-propelled military weapon systems and commercial vehicles. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cloyd, JS (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 681 EP 686 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900125 ER PT B AU Fronista, GL Bradbury, G AF Fronista, GL Bradbury, G GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI An electromechanical actuator for a transport aircraft spoiler surface SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The More Electric Aircraft Initiative (MEI) embraces the concept of utilizing electrical power for driving aircraft subsystems currently powered by hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical means including utility and flight control actuation, environmental control system, lubrication and fuel pumps, and numerous other utility functions. An important part of this initiative is the development and demonstration of electrical power and power electronic components and systems to enhance reliability, fault-tolerance, power density and performance. The integration of advanced MEI technologies will dramatically increase aircraft reliability and reduce susceptibility to battle damage. The needs for aircraft maintenance and support will be reduced along with ground support equipment and maintenance personnel. Power electronics and motor drives are essential elements of the MEI. Advancements in power semiconductor devices, capacitors, and integrated circuits for control has enabled high density, reliable power electronic and motor drive systems for the MEI. Power electronic systems include power conversion and conditioning for generators, battery chargers, DC to AC inverters, and DC to DC converters. These type of power electronic systems would be considered an integral part of the electrical power system. On the other hand, motor drive systems are an integral part of the utilization equipment and provide the interface between the electrical power system and the motor. Wright Laboratory and Sundstrand Aerospace have been working on the development of an electromechanical actuator to be compatible with the requirements of a spoiler for a typical transport aircraft. The focus of this development effort is in the motor drive, meaning the controller, inverter and motor utilized to control the actuator. Efforts are underway to increase the power density of the motor drive to achieve 1 kW/lb, with an efficiency of greater than 80%. This paper will discuss the design criteria and some of the trade-offs that were accomplished during this development. This work will include the use of a novel soft switched inverter driving a five-phase switched reluctance motor. A digital signal processing (DSP) chip will be utilized for responsive controls and field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) to reduce size and increase control electronics reliability. A power electronics module will be developed which is comprised of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter switches, diodes, a current sensor and gate drives. The thermal management system will utilize a reflux heat exchanger with integral phase change material that will enable the motor drive to operate in the environment of the actuator. C1 Wright Lab, POOC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fronista, GL (reprint author), Wright Lab, POOC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 694 EP 698 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900127 ER PT B AU Tschantz, JS Bisson, BJ AF Tschantz, JS Bisson, BJ GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Variable displacement vane pump SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB A Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Technology Reinvestment Program (TRP) was completed by Coltec Industries' Chandler Evans Systems Division. The program, entitled "Electronically Controlled Variable Displacement Vane Pump" successfully demonstrated the pump's advantage of high efficiency and reliability in a lightweight, compact design. Over the years, the standard of the commercial and military aviation gas turbine-industry, for engine fuel pumps, has been the single-element, fixed-displacement, gear pump whose inlet is charged with a centrifugal boost stage. This configuration, as part of the overall engine control system, is relatively heavy and lacks versatility. However it has proven to be extremely durable in millions of hours of service on numerous applications. In addition to supplying metered fuel flow to the engine, the system must also absorb waste heat from the engine lubrication system and the aircraft avionics. This is especially true with the large commercial transport engines and many large military engine applications. In the current technology, the fixed-displacement gear pump is sized to meet the highest flow condition while most of its operation is at far lower rates of flow, resulting in significant thermal inefficiency. The current technology compensates for this inefficiency by incorporating supplementary coolers which rob airflow from the engine fan. These air/oil coolers are relatively heavy, add complexity, and detract from the efficiency of the engine by extracting propulsion air from the gas turbine cycle. A second significant characteristic of the conventional technology is the integration of the pump and the control into a complete system. This current approach demands only that the pump provide a fixed flow at any given speed and relies on a complex system of valves and other components to meter the appropriate fuel flow to the engine. Such systems are complicated, heavy and less reliable than they would be if the pumping and metering functions were combined. What has been developed under this program is a pumping system which can vary the amount of fuel delivered according to engine needs, thereby reducing the temperature rise of the fuel to very low levels. This permits the elimination of the air/oil coolers and conserves the vital airflow through the fan. The variable displacement vane pump (VDVP) also permits a substantial simplification of the control system with the elimination of complex metering valves, offering a significant reduction in fuel system cost. This program was initiated to develop a technology that embodied the ruggedness of the gear pump with the efficiency and metering versatility of the variable displacement vane pump. Thick metal vanes emulate the teeth on pumping gears while the simple, elegant swing cam feature provides the variable displacement capability without the unwieldy multiple cam segments found in other concepts. The result is a pumping architecture which is rugged, light in weight and extremely versatile, having demonstrated superb heat management and controllability in extensive bench and engine testing. This paper will report the results that the pumps have achieved to date both in terms of durability and efficiency. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Aero Prop & Power Directorate, POOS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tschantz, JS (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Aero Prop & Power Directorate, POOS, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 710 EP 715 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900130 ER PT B AU Burgan, LL AF Burgan, LL GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Micro superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) technology insertion program SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB In September 1993, the United States Air Force (USAF) initiated an aggressive 3 year program to field and evaluate five Micro SMES devices at selected federal government sites. The sites were: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York; Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) Megacenter, Tinker AFB, Oklahoma; Wright Laboratory Air Base Technology Branch, Tyndall AFB, Florida; and Buildings 618/620, McClellan AFB, California. This program brought together government agencies, commercial industry, university scholars, and government customers worldwide to identify cost effective military and commercial applications in power quality. Data collected has resulted in new applications and significant system improvements, while encouraging the entry of a second vendor into the industry. Although the project was scheduled to end September 1996, a program extension of one year has been requested. The unit developed by the second source vendor has not been fielded, and a second DC unit is scheduled for delivery mid 1997. The project cannot be considered complete until the preceding actions occur and results are evaluated. C1 USAF, SM ALC LIET, Mcclellan AFB, CA 95652 USA. RP Burgan, LL (reprint author), USAF, SM ALC LIET, 5108 Dudley Blvd,Suite 2, Mcclellan AFB, CA 95652 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 1275 EP 1279 DI 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661952 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900230 ER PT B AU Thibodeaux, RJ AF Thibodeaux, RJ GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Analysis of DC/DC converters with resonant filters SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Conventional DC/DC converter topologies contain a single semiconductor switch, a diode, and various arrangements of inductors and capacitors to filter the resulting waveforms into low ripple DC. The output or input voltage is limited to the rating of the semiconductor switch and diode. For high voltage performance, transformers are added to form forward, flyback, or push-pull topologies. For high input voltages, semiconductor switches are arranged in an inverter bridge topology with a transformer to operate at higher voltages. Generally, conventional DC/DC converters are limited to low voltage applications. The addition of a transformer to provide sufficient voltage gain adds significant weight to the converter. Series, parallel resonant circuits with dual bridge circuits can function like a DC/DC converter with a transformer. Resonant converter topologies concepts have existed for the past 30 years. This paper will present a simplied generalized view of resonant circuits as pi-filters and T-filters which give insight into improving circuit performance and developing new resonat topologies for bidirectional power flow. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, WL POOC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thibodeaux, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, WL POOC, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 2217 EP 2221 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900398 ER PT S AU Pack, DJ Neal, LB Tamburino, LA Minardi, ME AF Pack, DJ Neal, LB Tamburino, LA Minardi, ME GP IEEE TI Object recognition using a dynamic relaxation method SO IECON '97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, CONTROL, AND INSTRUMENTATION, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Industrial Electronics Society LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference of the Industrial-Electronics-Society (IECON 97) CY NOV09, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE, Ind Electr Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers Japan DE object recognition; matching; relaxation AB In this paper, we show a novel approach for solving the classical feature matching problem between a pair of predicted and extracted images. Point features are considered, and the feature matching is performed using a dynamic relaxation method. The proposed method examines the evidence in the local neighborhoods of a possible matching predicted and extracted feature pair and determines the validity of the current match. The advantage of the proposed method is that the match process is performed simultaneously for all possible matching features. The simultaneous process allows a set of possible matching pairs to compete against other sets of possible matching pairs without putting any restrictions on the order of which a match must be performed. The method may be especially attractive when the geometric relationships between features in an image are unclear. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method using several examples. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Pack, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1553-572X BN 0-7803-3932-0 J9 IEEE IND ELEC PY 1997 BP 269 EP 274 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BK95B UT WOS:000073933000052 ER PT S AU Spyker, RL Nelms, RM AF Spyker, RL Nelms, RM GP IEEE TI Evaluation of double layer capacitor technologies for high power and high energy storage applications SO IECON '97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, CONTROL, AND INSTRUMENTATION, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Industrial Electronics Society LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference of the Industrial-Electronics-Society (IECON 97) CY NOV09, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE, Ind Electr Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers Japan AB As an emerging technology in the area of energy storage, the double layer capacitor is a promising device for certain niche applications. The double layer capacitor is a low voltage device exhibiting an extremely high capacitance value in comparison with other capacitor technologies of a similar physical size. Capacitors with values in excess of 1500 F are now available. The maximum voltage allowable on these devices is 3 V, limited by the dissociation of the organic electrolyte. This high capacitance derives from the high surface area of activated carbon electrodes, and the high capacitance per unit area observed at the chemical double layer. This paper serves as a summarization of experiments and the characterization of currently available double layer capacitor technologies. Capacitors from 10 F to 1500 F were examined, both aqueous and organic electrolyte technologies were utilized, and a range of commercially available devices were selected for study. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spyker, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1553-572X BN 0-7803-3932-0 J9 IEEE IND ELEC PY 1997 BP 1086 EP 1091 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BK95B UT WOS:000073933000193 ER PT B AU Shang, JS AF Shang, JS GP IEEE TI Challenges for computational electromagnetics in the time domain SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium / North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Natl Comm URSI, US Natl Comm URSI RP Shang, JS (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FLIGHT DYNAM DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4178-3 PY 1997 BP 94 EP 97 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ61W UT WOS:A1997BJ61W00023 ER PT B AU Harmon, FG Terzuoli, AJ AF Harmon, FG Terzuoli, AJ GP IEEE TI Application of a finite-volume time-domain method to three-dimensional objects SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium / North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Natl Comm URSI, US Natl Comm URSI RP Harmon, FG (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4178-3 PY 1997 BP 102 EP 105 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ61W UT WOS:A1997BJ61W00025 ER PT B AU Blake, DC Buter, TA AF Blake, DC Buter, TA GP IEEE TI Electromagnetic scattering simulations using overset grids on massively parallel computing platforms SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium / North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Natl Comm URSI, US Natl Comm URSI AB Overset grids are used in conjunction with a finite volume time domain (FVTD) Maxwell Equations solver to conduct electromagnetic scattering simulations on distributed memory massively parallel computing platforms. Simulation results are presented for two spheres in close proximity as well as a finned missile-like configuration. In addition, parallel performance data is presented for program runs on three modem parallel architectures. Results show the overset grid algorithm to be highly scalable and capable of producing results of comparable accuracy to single-grid solutions while greatly simplifying the often complex grid-generation process. RP Blake, DC (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4178-3 PY 1997 BP 106 EP 109 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ61W UT WOS:A1997BJ61W00026 ER PT B AU McGrath, DT Baum, CE AF McGrath, DT Baum, CE GP IEEE TI Numerical analysis of planar bicone and TEM horn array antennas SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium / North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Natl Comm URSI, US Natl Comm URSI RP McGrath, DT (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4178-3 PY 1997 BP 1058 EP 1061 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ61W UT WOS:A1997BJ61W00252 ER PT B AU Altshuler, EE Linden, DS AF Altshuler, EE Linden, DS GP IEEE TI Design of a vehicular antenna for GPS/IRIDIUM using a genetic algorithm SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium / North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Natl Comm URSI, US Natl Comm URSI RP Altshuler, EE (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,ELECTROMAGNET & RELIABIL DIRECTORATE,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4178-3 PY 1997 BP 1680 EP 1683 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ61W UT WOS:A1997BJ61W00401 ER PT B AU Southall, HL AF Southall, HL GP IEEE TI Resolution of a neural network direction finding array SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium / North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Natl Comm URSI, US Natl Comm URSI RP Southall, HL (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,ELECTROMAGNET & RELIABIL DIRECTORATE,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4178-3 PY 1997 BP 1988 EP 1991 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ61W UT WOS:A1997BJ61W00474 ER PT B AU Schuermeyer, F Hur, KY Shur, M AF Schuermeyer, F Hur, KY Shur, M GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Negative photoconduction in fully fabricated InP based HEMTs SO IEEE/CORNELL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED CONCEPTS IN HIGH SPEED SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND CIRCUITS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/Cornell Conference on Advanced Concepts in High Speed Semiconductor Devices and Circuits CY AUG 04-06, 1997 CL ITHACA, NY SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Wright Labs, Dept Air Force AB We studied the photocurrents in InP-based HEMTs as a function of bias voltages and photon energy. The devices had excellent electrical characteristics. In the deep subthreshold regime the drain current stems from the gate current. In this region, the photo-drain-current also is caused by the photo-gate current, as evidenced by its magnitude and spectral characteristics. In the subthreshold regime, the photocurrent rises rapidly at a photoenergy of approximately 0.7 eV (which corresponds to the energy gap of the InGaAs channel). Spectral analysis indicates that the response stems from a multitude of transitions. In this regime, transitions to the first electron subband are dominating. When the device is strongly turned on, this dominance disappears. At small drain voltages (i. e. in the linear region) the photoconduction behavior is similar to that observed in GaAs based HEMTs. The transistor amplifies the photogenerated charge due to hole storage in the channel. In the saturation regime we observe a drastically different behavior: The photocurrent is negative. In this case, the drain current becomes smaller when the device is illuminated. We also observe a pronounced change in spectral response in this region. We explain this effect by storage of electrons rather than of holes. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schuermeyer, F (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Shur, Michael/0000-0003-0976-6232 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-3970-3 PY 1997 BP 89 EP 98 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK09H UT WOS:000071163000010 ER PT B AU Gillespie, J Bozada, C Sewell, J Cerny, C DeSalvo, G Dettmer, R Ebel, J Jenkins, T Nakano, K Pettiford, C Quach, T Via, D Welch, R Anholt, R Campman, K Givins, M Tischler, M AF Gillespie, J Bozada, C Sewell, J Cerny, C DeSalvo, G Dettmer, R Ebel, J Jenkins, T Nakano, K Pettiford, C Quach, T Via, D Welch, R Anholt, R Campman, K Givins, M Tischler, M GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Passivated InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor technology using Pt/Ti/Pt/Au base contacts SO IEEE/CORNELL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED CONCEPTS IN HIGH SPEED SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND CIRCUITS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/Cornell Conference on Advanced Concepts in High Speed Semiconductor Devices and Circuits CY AUG 04-06, 1997 CL ITHACA, NY SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Wright Labs, Dept Air Force AB We have developed a fully-passivated, self-aligned, thermally-shunted InGaP/GaAs HBT by alloying the base contact (Pt/Ti/Pt/Au) through the thin InGaP emitter layer. The de current gain (beta) was increased from 45 to 92 at a current density of 25 kA/cm(2) on devices from the same wafer. Also, the decrease in beta with increasing emitter periphery/area ratio was reduced. Furthermore, the device's rf performance was not degraded. A cutoff frequency (f(t)) of 40 GHz at a collector current density (J(c)) of 25 kA/cm(2) was demonstrated. The base contact process was used on wafers with 150, 250 and 350 Angstrom InGaP emitters. The best base contact resistance obtained was 0.05 Omega-mm with the 200 Angstrom Pt: 200 Angstrom. Ti: 500 Angstrom Pt: 1300 Angstrom Au metallization. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Elect Devices Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gillespie, J (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Elect Devices Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-3970-3 PY 1997 BP 99 EP 108 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK09H UT WOS:000071163000011 ER PT B AU Johnson, NE AF Johnson, NE GP IEEE COMP SOC TI High assurance life and death SO IEEE HIGH-ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE High-Assurance Systems Engineering Workshop CY OCT 21-22, 1996 CL NIAGARA ON THE LAKE, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Comp, Hitachi Software Engn Co, Honeywell Technol Ctr RP Johnson, NE (reprint author), USAF,OFF SECRETARY DEF,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7629-9 PY 1997 BP 2 EP 6 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ54M UT WOS:A1997BJ54M00001 ER PT J AU Siouris, GM Chen, GR Wang, JR AF Siouris, GM Chen, GR Wang, JR TI Tracking an incoming ballistic missile using an extended interval kalman filter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The important tracking problem by radar of an incoming ballistic missile system, which contains uncertainty in modelling and noise in both dynamics and measurements, is studied The classical extended Kalman filter (EKF) is no longer applicable to such an uncertain system, and so a new extended interval Kalman filter (EIKF) is developed for tracking the missile system. Computer simulation is presented to show the effectiveness of the EIKF algorithm for this uncertain and nonlinear ballistic missile tracking problem. C1 UNIV HOUSTON,HOUSTON,TX 77004. RP Siouris, GM (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 11 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 232 EP 240 DI 10.1109/7.570753 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA WC812 UT WOS:A1997WC81200023 ER PT J AU Hong, L Wang, WC Logan, M Donohue, T AF Hong, L Wang, WC Logan, M Donohue, T TI Multiplatform multisensor fusion with adaptive-rate data communication SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB An algorithm for multiplatform multisensor fusion with adaptive-rate data communication is presented. In this new communication/fusion scheme, data are compressed before communication and decompressed and fused after communication. The amount of information to be compressed, as well as the data communication rate, depends on target kinematics. Near-optimal globally fused results are achieved with communicating data at an adaptive rate: low rate for fusing tracks of nonmaneuvering targets and high rate for fusing tracks of maneuvering targets. Significant savings in communication resources are achieved. C1 WRIGHT LAB,FUS DEV BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Hong, L (reprint author), WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN,329 RUSS CTR,DAYTON,OH 45435, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 274 EP 281 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA WC812 UT WOS:A1997WC81200029 ER PT J AU Altshuler, EE Linden, DS AF Altshuler, EE Linden, DS TI Design of a loaded monopole having hemispherical coverage using a genetic algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE antennas; genetic algorithms AB A genetic algorithm is used to design a monopole loaded with a modified folded dipole so that it radiates uniform power over the hemisphere, Each of the wires that make up the antenna are given a range of possible lengths. The genetic algorithm randomly selects a sample population of possible antenna configurations from the total population of all configurations, The radiation pattern of each sample configuration is computed using the numerical electromagnetics code (NEC), The solutions are compared with the desired pattern and ranked in terms of performance, The best solutions are retained and mated with one another and the process is repeated until an optimal solution is obtained, The genetic algorithm quickly produced an antenna that has a nearly uniform power over the hemisphere. Although the antenna was designed to operate at a frequency of 1.6 GHz, it performed satisfactorily over the frequency range from 1.4 to 1.8 GHz. The antenna was fabricated and the computational results were verified experimentally. We have shown that the genetic algorithm is a very powerful tool for designing wire antennas; it is expected that this process can be used to design any antenna that can be analyzed using an electromagnetic code. RP Altshuler, EE (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,ELECTROMAGNET & RELIABIL DIRECTORATE,BEDFORD,MA 01731, USA. NR 4 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1109/8.554232 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA WC125 UT WOS:A1997WC12500001 ER PT J AU Goldstein, JS Reed, IS AF Goldstein, JS Reed, IS TI Performance measures for optimal constrained beamformers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE adaptive arrays ID DERIVATIVE CONSTRAINTS; ANTENNA-ARRAY AB In this paper, the closed-form expression is derived which relates the output signal-to-interference plus noise ratio to the minimum mean-square error of constrained beamformers for narrowband and wideband signal environments. C1 UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT ELECT ENGN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. RP Goldstein, JS (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,SPACE COMMUN BRANCH,ROME,NY 13441, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 DI 10.1109/8.554234 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA WC125 UT WOS:A1997WC12500003 ER PT J AU Bhanu, B Dudgeon, DE Zelnio, EG Rosenfeld, A Casasent, D Reed, IS AF Bhanu, B Dudgeon, DE Zelnio, EG Rosenfeld, A Casasent, D Reed, IS TI Introduction to the special issue on automatic target detection and recognition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 MIT,LINCOLN LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02173. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AUTOMAT RES,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,LAB EXCELLENCE OPT DATA PROC,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. UNIV SO CALIF,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. RP Bhanu, B (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,VISUALIZAT & INTELLIGENT SYST LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 0 TC 44 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1109/TIP.1997.552076 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA WK685 UT WOS:A1997WK68500001 ER PT J AU Nandhakumar, N Michel, JD Arnold, DG Tsihrintzis, GA Velten, V AF Nandhakumar, N Michel, JD Arnold, DG Tsihrintzis, GA Velten, V TI Robust thermophysics-based interpretation of radiometrically uncalibrated IR images for ATR and site change detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID RECOGNITION; INVARIANTS AB We recently formulated a new approach for computing invariant features from infrared (IR) images, That approach is unique in the field since it considers not just surface reflection and surface geometry in the specification of invariant features, but it also takes into account internal object composition and thermal state that affect images sensed in the nonvisible spectrum, In this paper, we extend the thermophysical algebraic invariance (TAI) formulation for the interpretation of uncalibrated infrared imagery and further reduce the information that is required to be known about the environment, Features are defined such that they are functions of only the thermophysical properties of the imaged objects, In addition, we show that the distribution of the TAI features can be accurately modeled by symmetric alpha-stable models, This approach is shown to yield robust classifier performance, Results on ground truth data and real infrared imagery are presented, The application of this scheme for site change detection is discussed. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT ELECT ENGN, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. USAF, WRIGHT LAB, AACA, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP ELECTROGLAS INC, SANTA CLARA, CA 95054 USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 EI 1941-0042 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1109/83.552097 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA WK685 UT WOS:A1997WK68500006 PM 18282879 ER PT J AU How, H Fang, TM Liu, W Vittoria, C Champion, MH Southall, HL AF How, H Fang, TM Liu, W Vittoria, C Champion, MH Southall, HL TI Antenna array of circular patches on ferrite substrate SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; MODES AB The steering properties of a circular patch antenna array fabricated on a yttrium-iron-garnet substrate containing 6 x 6 elements have been calculated, The formulation assumes the interaction between patch elements can be neglected, Also, the Voigt permeability is used as the effective permeability of the substrate, As such, the steering rate of the radiation beam at 12 GHz is found to be 1.67 degrees/Oe at the broad side direction, Hexagonal ferrites are suggested to avoid permanent external magnetic bias. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02115. USAF,ROME LAB,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731. RP How, H (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS TECHNOL LAB INC,BELMONT,MA 02178, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 735 EP 738 DI 10.1109/20.560106 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF013 UT WOS:A1997WF01300011 ER PT J AU Michel, J Nandhakumar, N Velten, V AF Michel, J Nandhakumar, N Velten, V TI Thermophysical algebraic invariants from infrared imagery for object recognition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE invariance; thermal image; physics-based computer vision; image understanding; model-based vision AB An important issue in developing a model-based vision system is the specification of features that are invariant to viewing and scene conditions and also specific, i.e., the feature must have different values for different classes of objects. We formulate a new approach for establishing invariant features. Our approach is unique in the field since it considers not just surface reflection and surface geometry in the specification of invariant features, but it also takes into account internal object composition and state which affect images sensed in the nonvisible spectrum. A new type of invariance called Thermophysical Invariance is defined. Features are defined such that they are functions of only the thermophysical properties of the imaged objects. The approach is based on a physics-based model that is derived from the principle of the conservation of energy applied at the surface of the imaged object. C1 ELECTROGLAS INC,SANTA CLARA,CA 95054. USAF,WRIGHT LAB ADV AVION,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Michel, J (reprint author), ABTECH CORP,1575 STATE FARM BLVD,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22911, USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 19 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1109/34.566809 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA WE528 UT WOS:A1997WE52800004 ER PT S AU Suscavage, MJ Ryder, DF Yip, PW AF Suscavage, MJ Ryder, DF Yip, PW BE Ponce, FA Moustakas, TD Akasaki, I Monemar, BA TI A study of the surface morphological features of the polar faces of ZnO by atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods and AlN thin films deposited on ZnO polar faces by PLD SO III-V NITRIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on III-V Nitrides CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON MORITANI, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, Cree Res, Fujitsu Ltd, Hewlett Packard Labs Japan Inc, Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, JEOL US Inc, USN, Off Naval Res, NEC Corp, Opto Electr Res Labs, Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, Renishaw, Rockwell Int Corp, Sharp Corp Cent Res Labs, Sony Corp Res Ctr, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Xerox Palo Alto Res Ctr AB The effects of both temperature and atmosphere on the resulting morphological features of the polar faces of single crystal ZnO were investigated and characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). In studies where ZnO was thermally processed in flowing oxygen at atmospheric conditions within the temperature range of 500 degrees C to 900 degrees C for 30 minutes, the Zn-surface (i.e., (0001)) showed a tendency to reconstruct with increasing temperature until terraces became evident at 900 degrees C. Terrace heights were as small as 0.9 nm. In contrast, the O-surface (i.e., (000 (1) over bar)) was observe to change very little during the O-2-atmoshere, thermal treatment and remained comparatively rougher than the Zn-surface. ZnO samples which were thermally processed under high vacuum (i.e., 5 x 10(-7) Torr) conditions exhibited a more dramatic contrast. The vacuum annealed Zn-surface was observed to develop very smooth surface features (Roughness = 0.09 nm) at annealing temperatures within the 700 - 800 degrees C range. In contrast, and as expected, the O-surface roughness increased due to surface reduction reactions. In addition to these findings, it is noted that AFM measurements may be utilized as a convenient method to distinguish between the two polar surfaces of ZnO. Aluminum nitride was deposited on the Zn- and O- surfaces from 700 to 850 degrees C by pulsed laser evaporation. X-ray diffraction indicated that the AlN was c-axis oriented with no interface reaction products detected between the ZnO substrate and AlN film. RP Suscavage, MJ (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,80 SCOTT DR,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-353-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 449 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH46L UT WOS:A1997BH46L00042 ER PT S AU Drehman, AJ Yip, PW AF Drehman, AJ Yip, PW BE Ponce, FA Moustakas, TD Akasaki, I Monemar, BA TI Growth of (0001) ZnO thin films on sapphire SO III-V NITRIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on III-V Nitrides CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON MORITANI, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, Cree Res, Fujitsu Ltd, Hewlett Packard Labs Japan Inc, Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, JEOL US Inc, USN, Off Naval Res, NEC Corp, Opto Electr Res Labs, Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, Renishaw, Rockwell Int Corp, Sharp Corp Cent Res Labs, Sony Corp Res Ctr, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Xerox Palo Alto Res Ctr AB Using reactive rf sputtering, we have grown (0001) oriented ZnO films in situ on heated c-axis sapphire substrates, that are promising, particularly in terms of surface roughness, as buffer layers for the subsequent epitaxial growth of III-V nitride films. We compare the effects of on-axis and off-axis sputter geometries on the film epitaxy and smoothness. We also examined the effect of substrate temperature on the growth and smoothness and quality of the film. X-ray diffraction was used to verify the hexagonal ZnO phase, its c-axis orientation and, qualitatively, the degree of its epitaxy. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the ZnO growth morphology and roughness. Our best films, obtained by off-axis sputter deposition, have a surface roughness of less than 1 nm. RP Drehman, AJ (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,ERX,80 SCOTT DR,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-353-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 449 BP 337 EP 342 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH46L UT WOS:A1997BH46L00051 ER PT B AU Rockwell, BA Hammer, DX Hopkins, RA Payne, DJ Toth, CA Roach, WP Druessel, JJ Kennedy, PK Amnotte, RE Eilert, B Phillips, S Noojin, GD Stolarski, DJ Cain, C AF Rockwell, BA Hammer, DX Hopkins, RA Payne, DJ Toth, CA Roach, WP Druessel, JJ Kennedy, PK Amnotte, RE Eilert, B Phillips, S Noojin, GD Stolarski, DJ Cain, C GP LASER INST AMER TI Ultrashort laser pulse bioeffects and safety SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB Recent studies of retinal damage(1) due to ultrashort laser pulses(2,3) have shown that less energy is required for retinal damage for pulses shorter than one nanosecond than that for longer pulses. It has also been shown that more energy is required for near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths than in the visible because the light focuses behind the retina, requiring more energy to produce a damaging fluence on the retina. We review the progress made in determining the trends in retinal damage from laser pulses of one nanosecond to one hundred femtoseconds in the visible and near-infrared wavelength regimes. We have determined the most likely damage mechanism(s) operative in this pulse width regime. RP Rockwell, BA (reprint author), USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,AL,OEOP,8111 18TH ST,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. RI toth, cynthia/F-5614-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 159 EP 165 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00020 ER PT B AU McLin, LN Keppler, KS AF McLin, LN Keppler, KS GP LASER INST AMER TI Examination of laser levels associated with flight hazards SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB A disturbing number of incidents have occurred in which outdoor lasers have illuminated commercial air carrier crews. In two specific cases, an October 30, 1995 incident involving a Southwest Airlines plane departing McCarran Airport in Las Vegas, and a November 29, 1996 incident of a Skywest aircraft arriving at Los Angeles International Airport, the person piloting the aircraft experienced symptoms so severe that control of the aircraft was transferred to the copilot. Ocular symptoms included momentary loss of vision, light sensitivity, and tearing. No permanent damage was found. Because of these and similar illuminations of military aircrews, Optical Radiation Division (AL/OEO, Brooks AFB, TX) personnel have been working with members of the SAE G-10T Subcommittee, the FAA, FDA, NTSB, airline pilots associations, laser light show manufacturers, and others to update FAA outdoor laser guidance. These crew illuminations have occurred at exposure levels well below the ANSI Z136.1 Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)(1). Calculated light levels for some of the actual incidents will be presented, along with a review of some experiments that examine the effects of lasers on vision. While the safe exposure level for most flight conditions is still debatable, and every case is different, it is clear that visible laser light exposures of 1.0 mu W/cm(2) can be a flight hazard during high workload aircrew activities. RP McLin, LN (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,OPT RADIAT DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 447 EP 456 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00057 ER PT S AU Matson, CL Tyler, DW AF Matson, CL Tyler, DW BE Desachy, J Tajbakhsh, S TI Positivity and support: a comparison SO IMAGE PROCESSING, SIGNAL PROCESSING, AND SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR FOR REMOTE SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing, Signal Processing, and Synthetic Aperture Radar for Remote Sensing CY SEP 22-26, 1997 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP CNR, NASA, European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev DE positivity; support; prior knowledge; superresolution; image enhancement; image restoration; deconvolution AB Positivity and support have long been used to improve image quality beyond that achievable from the measured data alone. In this paper we analyze how positivity functions to reduce noise levels in measured Fourier data and the corresponding images. We show that positivity can be viewed as a signal-dependent support constraint, and thus it functions by enforcing Fourier-domain correlations. Using computer simulated data, we show the effects that positivity has upon measured Fourier data and upon images. We compare these results to equivalent results obtained using support as a constraint. We show that support is a more powerful constraint than positivity in several ways: (1) more superresolution is possible, (2) more Fourier-domain noise reduction can occur, and (3) more image-domain noise reduction can occur. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, Adv Imaging Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, Adv Imaging Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2649-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3217 BP 200 EP 209 DI 10.1117/12.295603 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BK46C UT WOS:000072275200021 ER PT B AU Ford, SD Welsh, BM Roggemann, MC AF Ford, SD Welsh, BM Roggemann, MC BE Schulz, TJ TI Reconstruction of turbulence-degraded images using the vector Wiener filter SO IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION AND RESTORATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction and Restoration II CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE image reconstruction; imaging through turbulence; photon-limited detection; Wiener filter AB Adaptive optics and speckle imaging are common methods for improving Fourier domain signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in astronomical images. These techniques may benefit from linear processing to deconvolve blurring due to the attenuation of high spatial frequencies in the compensated images. Typical linear deconvolution methods require an explicit estimate of the random atmospheric-optical system point spread function or optical transfer function (OTF). In addition, a priori knowledge of the object class and noise are not used in an optimal manner. We apply a vector Wiener filter to photon-limited images degraded by atmospheric turbulence to demonstrate the potential advantages of optimal deconvolution processing. This filter incorporates model-based information about object, OTF, and noise. Computer simulation of binary star images show the vector Wiener filter provides superior reconstructions when compared to the traditional scalar Wiener filter for non-wide sense stationary objects. Much of this performance improvement can be attributed to superresolution and variance reduction in the noisy Fourier data at spatial frequencies where the mean OTF is severely attenuated. However, vector Wiener filter performance is substantially degraded with respect to both mean square error and mean square phase error at spatial frequencies where the OTF SNR is less than unity. RP Ford, SD (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,2950 P ST,BLDG 640,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2592-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3170 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1117/12.279719 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ95A UT WOS:A1997BJ95A00003 ER PT B AU Lee, DJ Welsh, BM Roggemann, MC AF Lee, DJ Welsh, BM Roggemann, MC BE Schulz, TJ TI Cramer-Rao analysis of phase diversity imaging SO IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION AND RESTORATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction and Restoration II CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Phase diversity wavefront sensing (PDWFS) is concerned with estimating aberration coefficients from multiple images collected with known differences in pupil phase. Using previous work by other authors, the Cramer-Rao lower-bound (CRLB) expression for the phase diversity aberration estimation problem is developed, generalized slightly to allow for multiple diversity images, various beamsplitting configurations, and the imaging of extended objects. The CRLB for a given problem depends on the actual value of the aberration being estimated. Therefore, we turn to numerical simulation and a Monte-Carlo analysis of the CRLBs of an ensemble of simulated aberration phase screens and draw tentative conclusions about various phase diversity imaging situations. The ''average'' CRLB value for a given phase screen ensemble and imaging scenario is used as a figures of merit in comparing various PDWFS configurations. For simulated point-source imaging, we quantify the impact of varying the amounts of focus diversity, both symmetrically to both images, and assymetrically, to a single image. We find reason to believe that a symmetrically defocused image collection scheme may be more advantageous for PDWFS. We also explore the impact of splitting the light among two images assymetrically, as well as splitting the light among three images. Deviations from a traditional 50-50 beamsplit among 2 images are shown to be disadvantageous in a CRLB sense. Finally we verify that CRLB values are orders of magnitude higher for imaging of an extended object, when compared to point-source PDWFS imaging. RP Lee, DJ (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,STARFIRE OPT RANGE,3550 ABERDEEN AVE,SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2592-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3170 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1117/12.279718 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ95A UT WOS:A1997BJ95A00016 ER PT B AU Bossert, DJ Dente, GC Tilton, ML AF Bossert, DJ Dente, GC Tilton, ML BE Choi, HK Zory, PS TI Filamentation in high-power tapered semiconductor amplifiers SO IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS: FROM ULTRAVIOLET TO MIDINFRARED SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers - From Ultraviolet to Midinfrared CY FEB 10-13, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE filamentation; semiconductor amplifiers AB Filament formation is currently a limiting factor in the development of high power, spatially coherent semiconductor amplifiers. An experimental and theoretical investigation has been conducted to examine the filamentation tendencies of tapered amplifier structures. Experimental measurements of the far-field intensity distribution of a tapered amplifier which has been intentionally ''seeded'' to filament are compared to a perturbative solution of the paraxial wave equation. This model is used to address several design issues which can be optimized to suppress filamentation. The effect of non-uniform carrier injection due to carrier-induced bandgap changes is also investigated numerically. RP Bossert, DJ (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2412-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3001 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.273817 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH84D UT WOS:A1997BH84D00007 ER PT B AU Libelo, EL Stauffer, TB Geer, MA MacIntyre, WG Boggs, JM AF Libelo, EL Stauffer, TB Geer, MA MacIntyre, WG Boggs, JM GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI A field study to elucidate processes involved in natural attenuation SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 1 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB In order to study the geochemical and biochemical processes which contribute to Natural Attenuation of hydrocarbons in ground water systems, a subsurface residual NAPL hydrocarbon mixture was emplaced in the heterogeneous aquifer at the Columbus AFB, MS groundwater test site. Changes in aqueous and aquifer solid geochemistry and microbiology, indicative of Natural Attenuation, are being monitored as the dissolved hydrocarbon plume is formed by groundwater flow under natural hydraulic gradients. Understanding the biogeochemistry of the aquifer will allow a better understanding of mechanisms and rates of processes which contribute to Natural Attenuation. This, hopefully, will allow us to identify easily measured indicators Natural Attenuation, and produce a scientifically validate guides for implementation. RP Libelo, EL (reprint author), USAF,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(1) IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89S UT WOS:A1997BH89S00007 ER PT B AU Haas, PE Kittel, JA AF Haas, PE Kittel, JA GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Determining the feasibility of LNAPL free product recovery: Bioslurping vs traditional technologies SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 1 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 USAF,TECHNOL TRANSFER DIV,HQ AFCEE,BROOKS AFB,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(1) IS 1 BP 273 EP 273 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89S UT WOS:A1997BH89S00060 ER PT B AU Vogel, CM Wilson, JT Kampbell, DH Alleman, B Fiorenza, S AF Vogel, CM Wilson, JT Kampbell, DH Alleman, B Fiorenza, S GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Cooxidation of chlorinated solvents during bioventing of petroleum hydrocarbons SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 1 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB A pilot-scale demonstration of cooxidative bioventing was initiated in June 1996 at the Groundwater Remediation Field laboratory (GRFL) at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware. The goal of the effort is to demonstrate the effective application of bioventing to sites contaminated with both petroleum products and chlorinated solvents, such as trichloroethylene. The demonstration involved the release of approximately 340 liters of a weathered fuel/solvent mixture into the vadose zone of a sheet-pile enclosed test cell. Bioventing was applied to supply oxygen to stimulate the in situ biodegradation of the contaminants. RP Vogel, CM (reprint author), USAF,AL EQM,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(1) IS 1 BP 347 EP 351 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89S UT WOS:A1997BH89S00078 ER PT B AU Thomas, A Noll, MR Kerch, PE AF Thomas, A Noll, MR Kerch, PE GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Groundwater remediation field laboratory (GRFL): An air force national environmental test site SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 2 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB The Groundwater Remediation Field Laboratory (GRFL), located at Dover AFB, Delaware, represents the first facility in the U.S. where researchers can conduct carefully planned contained releases of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) into a natural aquifer. The GRFL is designed to support research and development of innovative technologies intended to locate, characterize, and remove or destroy DNAPLs in soil and groundwater under controlled conditions. The Air Force Armstrong Laboratory, Environics Directorate (AL/EQ), Tyndall AFB, Florida developed the GRFL with major funding by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). The GRFL is part of the SERDP National Environmental Technology Test Sites (NETTS) program. The first test cell installed to conduct the contained releases is 5 by 10 m constructed of double wall iron sheet piling driven into the ground and penetrating the underlying aquitard. Five test cells ape planned for contained releases. RP Thomas, A (reprint author), USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,ENVIRON DIRECTORATE,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(2) IS 2 BP 407 EP 412 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89T UT WOS:A1997BH89T00096 ER PT B AU Becvar, E Vogel, C Sewell, G Gossett, J Zinder, S Magar, V AF Becvar, E Vogel, C Sewell, G Gossett, J Zinder, S Magar, V GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI In situ dechlorination of solvents in saturated soils SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 3 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB Use of chlorinated solvents has led to extensive soil and groundwater contamination. Current aerobic treatment methods, such as pump-and-treat with carbon sorption or air stripping, are limited and often cost-prohibitive. Researchers have isolated microbial cultures capable of reductively dechlorinating tetrachloroethene (PCE) to ethene (ETH). Field studies have shown reductive dechlorination of chlorinated solvents to be stimulated by the addition of electron donors. Based on these results, this project utilizes indigenous bacteria and added electron donors for degradation of PCE in the field. The approach is designed to achieve a rigorous mass balance on electron donors, electron accepters, and microbial carbon/energy sources. The effort is aimed at validating reductive dechlorination in a realistic field situation. RP Becvar, E (reprint author), ARA INC,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(3) IS 3 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89U UT WOS:A1997BH89U00012 ER PT B AU Goltz, MN Hopkins, GD Allan, JP Dolan, ME McCarty, PL AF Goltz, MN Hopkins, GD Allan, JP Dolan, ME McCarty, PL GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Full-scale demonstration of in situ aerobic cometabolism of trichloroethylene-contaminated groundwater SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 3 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(3) IS 3 BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89U UT WOS:A1997BH89U00022 ER PT B AU Sayles, GD Moser, LE Gannon, DJ Kampbell, DH Vogel, CM AF Sayles, GD Moser, LE Gannon, DJ Kampbell, DH Vogel, CM GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Development of cometabolic bioventing for the in-situ bioremediation of chlorinated solvents SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 3 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 US EPA,NATL RISK MANAGEMENT RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH. ZENECA CORP,SHERIDAN PK ENVIRONM LAB,MISSISSAUGA,ON,CANADA. US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. AL EQW OL,TYNDALL AFB,FL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(3) IS 3 BP 285 EP 285 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89U UT WOS:A1997BH89U00070 ER PT B AU Hutchins, SR Miller, DE Beck, FP Thomas, A Sweed, HG Bedient, PB Thomas, JM Ward, CH Wiesner, M Bantle, JA Williams, SE Willis, GD Ouyang, Y AF Hutchins, SR Miller, DE Beck, FP Thomas, A Sweed, HG Bedient, PB Thomas, JM Ward, CH Wiesner, M Bantle, JA Williams, SE Willis, GD Ouyang, Y GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Nitrate-based bioremediation of JP4 jet fuel at Eglin AFB, FL: Performance evaluation SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 US EPA,ROBERT S KERR ENVIRONM RES LAB,ADA,OK 74820. USAF,ENVIRON DIRECTORATE,ARMSTRONG LAB,TYNDALL AFB,FL. RICE UNIV,HOUSTON,TX 77251. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USAF,INSTALLAT RESTORAT PROGRAM,EGLIN AFB,FL. EA ENGN SCI & TECHNOL,FT WALTON BEACH,FL. COMP DATA SERV INC,ADA,OK. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00004 ER PT B AU Vogel, CM Kuch, DJ Leeson, A AF Vogel, CM Kuch, DJ Leeson, A GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Joint US/German in situ bioremediation demonstration SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,EVNIRON DIRECTORATE,TYNDALL AFB,FL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 481 EP 481 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00109 ER PT S AU Brown, GJ Capano, MA Hegde, SM Eyink, K Szmulowicz, F AF Brown, GJ Capano, MA Hegde, SM Eyink, K Szmulowicz, F BE Manaasreh, MO Myers, TH Julien, FH TI Normal incidence photoresponse as a function of well width in p-type GaAs/AlGaAs multi-quantum wells SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS - MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors - Materials, Processing and Devices, at 1996 MRS Fall Meeting / 1996 International Conference on Electronic Materials CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We have performed an optimization study of the mid-infrared photoresponse of p-type GaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIPs) designed for normal incidence detection. In these p-type quantum wells, normal incidence absorption is allowed (by the dipole selection rules for optical transitions) especially for transitions from the heavy-hole ground state to the second light-hole state. Previous theoretical modeling predicted that this transition will produce the strongest bound-to-continuum infrared absorption when the second light-hole stare is located very near the top of the GaAs quantum well. For AlGaAs barrier layers with 30% aluminum, our modeling showed that a well width between 45 Angstrom and 50 Angstrom would optimize the normal incidence photoresponse of this p-type QWIP. In this work, photoresponse spectra are reported for well widths ranging from 40 Angstrom to 65 Angstrom. A series of samples were studied in which only the GaAs well width was varied in two monolayer increments, from 14 to 20 monolayers. Photoluminescence and X-ray diffraction measurements were used to verify the composition, well width, and structural quality of each sample. This study verified that the spectral range of the normal incidence photoresponse is narrower, as predicted by theory, for well widths in which the second light-hole state approaches the top of the valence band well. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-354-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 450 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BH52B UT WOS:A1997BH52B00031 ER PT B AU Barnard, KJ Watson, EA AF Barnard, KJ Watson, EA BE Holst, GC TI Nonmechanically-steered passive imaging sensors: Restoration of dispersion-degraded imagery via Wiener filtering SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELLING, AND TESTING VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing VIII CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE image restoration; nonmechanical beam steering; optical phased arrays; passive imaging sensors; staring infrared sensors AB Nonmechanical steering of passive imaging sensors is possible using liquid-crystal optical phased arrays as dynamic blazed-phase gratings. However, the resulting imagery is degraded due to diffraction effects which produce both multiple orders and dispersion. Restoration of this degraded imagery through post-processing techniques involves estimation of both the spectral radiance of the object within the field of regard of the sensor as well as deconvolution to remove blurring. A method of image restoration via Wiener filtering is presented for the case of an object scene composed of graybodies at various temperatures. Using simulated staring infrared sensor imagery, it is shown that image restoration is possible for small steering angles. RP Barnard, KJ (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AAJT,EO SENSOR TECHNOL BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2478-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3063 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.276062 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ13A UT WOS:A1997BJ13A00011 ER PT B AU Eismann, MT Schwartz, CR AF Eismann, MT Schwartz, CR BE Holst, GC TI Focal plane array nonlinearity and nonuniformity impacts to target detection with thermal infrared imaging spectrometers SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELLING, AND TESTING VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing VIII CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Recent studies have demonstrated the potential for spectrally discriminating low contrast ground-based military targets in the thermal infrared for day/night reconnaissance, surveillance, and targeting applications. Although the underlying spectral features have been found to be very subtle in most cases, good detection performance is achievable due to the generally high band-to-band spectral correlation of terrestrial back,grounds. Recently, attempts have been made to develop imaging spectrometers of sufficient quality to preserve this high background spectral correlation and, in the process, provide robust target detection capabilities. One key issue which must be addressed in the sensor design is the impact of focal plane nonlinearity and nonuniformity on spectral correlation. In this paper, we present the details of a Monte-Carlo model which was developed to quantify this impact as a function of focal plane array characteristics for three sensing modalities: a dispersive spectrometer, a temporal Fourier transform spectrometer, and a spatial Fourier transform spectrometer. The results illustrate distinct differences in how these focal plane error sources propagate into the spectral domain and perturb the measured spectral statistics. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,3109 P ST,BLDG 622,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2478-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3063 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.276065 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ13A UT WOS:A1997BJ13A00014 ER PT B AU Guide, VDR Srivastava, R AF Guide, VDR Srivastava, R BE Kocaoglu, DF Anderson, TR TI Recoverable manufacturing systems: A framework for analysis SO INNOVATION IN TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT - THE KEY TO GLOBAL LEADERSHIP: THE KEY TO GLOBAL LEADERSHIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET 97) CY JUL 27-31, 1997 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Portland State Univ, Engn Management Program, Univ Tokyo, Univ Cambridge, IEEE Engn Management Soc, IEEE Oregon Sect, INFORMS Technol Management Soc q, Japan Soc Sci Policy & Res Management, Washington Cty Reg Strategies Board, Multnomah Cty Reg Strategies Board, KVO Advertising & Public Relat AB Recoverable product environments are becoming an increasingly attractive way of providing environmentally friendly products. These type of systems avoid the problem of pollution by extending a product's useful life and by recycling materials at the end of a product's life. The management and control of recoverable manufacturing systems are more difficult than in traditional manufacturing systems. Recoverable manufacturing systems include both repair and remanufacturing operations, which differ in key control aspects. In addition, the amount of variability, with respect to materials and scheduling, in both repair and remanufacturing operations is inherently higher than in traditional manufacturing. We provide a framework which allows for the analysis of a recoverable manufacturing system and identifies the key areas for research in order to provide effective management and control of such systems. RP Guide, VDR (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT GRAD LOGIST MANAGEMENT,2950 P ST,BLDG 641,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3574-0 PY 1997 BP 675 EP 678 DI 10.1109/PICMET.1997.653560 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJ74R UT WOS:A1997BJ74R00312 ER PT B AU Franza, RM AF Franza, RM BE Kocaoglu, DF Anderson, TR TI Military to private sector technology transfer: A research agenda SO INNOVATION IN TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT - THE KEY TO GLOBAL LEADERSHIP: THE KEY TO GLOBAL LEADERSHIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET 97) CY JUL 27-31, 1997 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Portland State Univ, Engn Management Program, Univ Tokyo, Univ Cambridge, IEEE Engn Management Soc, IEEE Oregon Sect, INFORMS Technol Management Soc q, Japan Soc Sci Policy & Res Management, Washington Cty Reg Strategies Board, Multnomah Cty Reg Strategies Board, KVO Advertising & Public Relat AB In the last fifteen years, there has been an increasing emphasis on transferring Department of Defense technology to the private sector. In this paper, the author presents an overview of research he has conducted concerning various aspects of this type of technology transfer and proposes avenues for future research. RP Franza, RM (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH LOGIST & ACQUISIT MANAGEMENT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3574-0 PY 1997 BP 928 EP 930 DI 10.1109/PICMET.1997.653713 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJ74R UT WOS:A1997BJ74R00442 ER PT B AU Banks, SB Stytz, MR Santos, E AF Banks, SB Stytz, MR Santos, E BE Adeli, H TI Towards an adaptive man-machine interface for virtual environments SO INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS, (IIS'97) PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Information Systems (IIS 97) CY DEC 08-10, 1997 CL GRAND BAHAMA ISL, BAHAMAS SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev AB We describe an approach to developing an adaptive virtual environment user interface to enable the user to perform a wide variety of tasks while immersed in the virtual environment. Currently, virtual environment operation places an unmanageable cognitive burden upon the user. While some advances in user interface design can alleviate some of this problem, the basic problem of information overload can not be adequately addressed solely through development of a better interface or provision of ad hoc decision support tools. We contend that a comprehensive design approach to the interface can improve user access to the virtual environment display parameters, analysis reports, conferencing and collaboration capabilities, intelligent agents for user assistance, motion and orientation controls, recording devices, and situation awareness aids. Our intelligent interface research effort, called Symbiotic Information Reasoning and Decision Support (SIRDS), addresses the issues related to the design and development of an adaptive, intelligent, learning man-machine interface. Construction of the interface requires a mix of traditional human-computer interaction, data visualization, and intelligent agents within a software engineering framework. The framework supports the symbiosis of human cognition and computational power that is required to deal with complex virtual environments. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Virtual Environm Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Banks, SB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Virtual Environm Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8218-3 PY 1997 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1109/IIS.1997.645195 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BK13D UT WOS:000071282900019 ER PT B AU Stytz, MR Banks, SB Wells, WD AF Stytz, MR Banks, SB Wells, WD BE Adeli, H TI Towards realizing cooperative distributed workspaces for distributed virtual environments SO INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS, (IIS'97) PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Information Systems (IIS 97) CY DEC 08-10, 1997 CL GRAND BAHAMA ISL, BAHAMAS SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev AB Within current distributed virtual environments (DVEs) each participant operates in isolation and lacks facilities for sharing information with other participants. Therefore, because the information flow is incorrect, the participants are encumbered with unnecessary work and are not prepared to accomplish the tasks they must perform in the real world. Our research is directed toward ending this isolation by investigating means for inserting typical collaborative tools into DVE applications using existing DVE communication protocols. The research reported in this paper begins the process of identifying the tools required to promote effective cooperation within DVEs. The paper describes each of the collaborative work tools that we developed; each tools' purpose, capabilities, design, software architecture, and implementation; the techniques we use for display of information sent by other users; the communication protocol changes we propose; and the user interface to the tools. We conclude the paper with suggestions for further work. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Virtual Environm Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Stytz, MR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Virtual Environm Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8218-3 PY 1997 BP 545 EP 549 DI 10.1109/IIS.1997.645386 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BK13D UT WOS:000071282900097 ER PT B AU Agee, FJ Hendricks, KJ Spencer, T Arman, MJ Haworth, M Calico, SE AF Agee, FJ Hendricks, KJ Spencer, T Arman, MJ Haworth, M Calico, SE BE Brandt, HE TI Progress in elimination of pulse shortening in narrowband high power microwave tubes SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Intense Microwave Pulses V Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE high power microwave; HPM; pulse shortening; MILO; klystron; multiwave Cerenkov generator; BWO; hard tube technology; magnetron AB The problem of pulse shortening was raised at this conference two years ago, and in the intervening time, efforts to address the problem have been initiated. There is already some significant progress at our laboratory and at some others. This paper reviews the progress and describes the directions of research and industrial efforts underway at this time. The subject is an exciting one in view of the potential applications that would benefit from the extension of pulse length in Gigawatt class microwave tubes. The paper discusses some of the implications of success in this regard. RP Agee, FJ (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,PL WSQ,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2580-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3158 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1117/12.284011 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ78W UT WOS:A1997BJ78W00003 ER PT B AU Arman, MJ AF Arman, MJ BE Brandt, HE TI Plasma filled gyrotron SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Intense Microwave Pulses V Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE plasma filled; efficiency enhancement; gyrotron devices AB Recent theoretical studies have shown that presence of plasma in the high power microwave sources, when properly introduced, may enhance the efficiency of the source. These findings have been confirmed by numerical simulations for some high power microwave sources. The enhancement has been partly attributed to the neutralizing effect of the positively charged plasma on lowering the disruptive space charge effects of the electron beam used to generate the rf. This attribute allows the use of higher current beams for more power. Another favorable effect of the presence of plasma might be a modification of the dispersion relation leading to higher group velocities for the travelling rf waves. This aspect of the plasma presence might help in designing more efficient rf extraction mechanisms. Mode selection may also be favorably affected by the presence of plasma in the source. Here we present the results of numerical simulations carried out to study the effect of plasma on a gyrotron device. Both neutral as well as positively charged plasmas have been explored. The gyrotron is run in TE01 mode and generates a 13 GHz steady oscillation without any competing modes. The effect of the plasma at several different densities has been explored. The presence of plasma at the densities explored do not show any significant enhancement of the gyrotron operation. Other plasma densities are being studied. The PIC codes used in simulations were the MRC 21/2 dimensional code MAGIC and the Phillips Laboratory 3-D code ICEPIC. RP Arman, MJ (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,WSQ,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2580-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3158 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.279435 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ78W UT WOS:A1997BJ78W00005 ER PT B AU Agee, FJ Lehr, JM Prather, WD Scholfield, DW AF Agee, FJ Lehr, JM Prather, WD Scholfield, DW BE Brandt, HE TI Ultra-wide band switching: Gas and oil breakdown research SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Intense Microwave Pulses V Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE ultra-wide band; UWB; gas switches; UWB pulsers; UWB antennas; broadband antennas; impulse; pulsed power AB The generation of Ultra-Wide Band Pulses nanoseconds is a challenging problem that involves generating pulses with 100 pico-second rise times and voltages of 500 kV with pulse widths of the order of less than one to a few nanoseconds. A critical step involves switching high voltages with precision The use of both gas and oil for the switch insulating medium have been accomplished with varying results. The Phillips Laboratory is pursuing both media in the gas switched Hindenburg series of pulsers and in the study of oil switches that promise good performance in compact packages. This paper reports on progress in gas switching associated with the new H-5 pulser and with the use of earlier Hindenburg pulsers to investigate the UWB properties of oil switches. We compare the design strategies and techniques of oil and gas switching in the context of pulsers of interest. RP Agee, FJ (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,RES LAB,HIGH ENERGY SOURCES DIV,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2580-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3158 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1117/12.284024 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ78W UT WOS:A1997BJ78W00007 ER PT B AU Burger, JW Schoenberg, JSH Tyo, JS Hull, JP Abdalla, MD Ahern, SM Skipper, MC Buchwald, WR AF Burger, JW Schoenberg, JSH Tyo, JS Hull, JP Abdalla, MD Ahern, SM Skipper, MC Buchwald, WR BE Brandt, HE TI Photoconductive semiconductor switches used for ultra-wideband, high-power microwave generation SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Intense Microwave Pulses V Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE photoconductive; switch; GaAs; PCSS; UWB; source; microwave; Blumlein; lock-on; HPM AB The Air Force Phillips Laboratory, in collaboration with the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), is developing lateral geometry, high-power photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) for use in phased-array, ultra-wideband (UWB) sources. The current switch utilizes an opposed contact geometry with a 0.25 cm gap spacing and is an extension of previous work on 1.0 cm PCSS devices. This work presents the development and demonstration of the 0.25 cm PCSS under both ideal laboratory conditions and potential source conditions. The laboratory configuration consists of two high-bandwidth transmission lines connected with a PCSS. The potential source configuration consists of a vector-inversion pulse generator (Blumlein) commuted with a PCSS. The 0.25 cm PCSS is shown to operate at 20 kV charge voltage, 65 ps rms switching jitter, less than 450 ps risetime and greater than 1 kHz pulse repetition rate (PRR) when triggered using a compact, high-power laser diode. RP Burger, JW (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,ADV WEAPONS & SURVIVABIL DIRECTORATE,PL WSQW,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2580-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3158 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.279424 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ78W UT WOS:A1997BJ78W00008 ER PT B AU Agee, FJ Barker, RJ AF Agee, FJ Barker, RJ BE Brandt, HE TI Basic research in high power microwaves (HPM): recent progress in university and Air Force Research Laboratory efforts SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Intense Microwave Pulses V Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE high power microwaves; HPM; plasma; pulse shortening; ultrawide band; BWO; gyrotron; MILO; klystron; cathodes; TWTA; vircator AB This paper describes progress in a cooperative research program of national scale that is focused on crucial research issues in the development of high energy microwave sources. These have many applications in the DOD and industry. The program includes participation by and cooperation among University, Industrial and Government research laboratories. The Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), in cooperation with the Phillips Laboratory, the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Army Research Laboratory, established a tri-service research consortium in 1995 to investigate novel high energy microwave sources. The program is part of the DOD's ''Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI)'' and has been funded at a rate of $3.0M per year for up to five years. All research performed under this program is unclassified. Under its auspices, HPM scientists at nine US universities are pursuing twenty-two separate research projects under the leadership of Neville Luhmann at UC-Davis, Victor Granatstein at Maryland, Magne Kristiansen at Texas Tech, Edl Schamiloglu at New Mexico, John Nation at Cornell, Ned Birdsall at UC-Berkeley, George Caryotakis at Stanford, Ronald Gilgenbach at Michigan, and Anthony Lin at UCLA. To facilitate the rapid transition of research results into the industrial community, collaborative subcontracts are already in place with James Benford at Microwave Sciences, Carter Armstrong at Northrop, and Glen Huffman at Varian Associates. The program builds on over a decade of microwave research efforts funded by the plasma physics office at AFOSR It also is synergistic with the ongoing Tri-Service Vacuum Electronics Initiative led by Robert Parker of NRL as well as with the AFOSR's and Rome Laboratory's long-standing Advanced Thermionic Research Initiative (ATRI) An overview will be given of the broad spectrum of research encompassed by the university and Air Force Research Laboratory work. Areas of collaboration and technology transfer will be highlighted. The areas in which the three university consortia conduct research are described, and the connectivity to industry and to the DOD laboratories are discussed. There are a number of critical technical barriers to reaching the desired goals for high power and high energy sources. These are discussed and the planned focus and progress of research to resolve them is also presented. Some of the accomplishments to date will be discussed along with their significance. In particular, work on ultra-wide band breakdown and switching, flash-over of windows, pulse shortening in narrowband tubes, novel gym devices, and plasma-RF interactions will be discussed. RP Agee, FJ (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2580-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3158 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1117/12.284007 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ78W UT WOS:A1997BJ78W00015 ER PT J AU Chu, F Mitchell, TE Majumdar, B Miracle, D Nandy, TK Banerjee, D AF Chu, F Mitchell, TE Majumdar, B Miracle, D Nandy, TK Banerjee, D TI Elastic properties of the O phase in Ti-Al-Nb alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE titanium aluminides; based on Ti3Al; ternary alloy systems; elastic properties ID CONSTANTS; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINIDES; MODULI AB Room-temperature elastic properties of the O phase in the Ti-Al-Nb system have been studied using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). The isotropic elastic constants of the O-phase in the polycrystalline ternary alloys Ti-27Al-20Nb and Ti-27Al-25Nb were obtained. The results show that the room-temperature bulk, Young's, and shear moduli of these alloys are around 120, 130 and 50 GPa, respectively. The room temperature Poisson's ratios are about 0.3. The Debye temperatures, theta(D), were estimated to be approximately 410 K. The effect of alloying Ti-27Al-20Nb with the transition metal elements Mo, Ta, Zr and V, and with silicon, on the elastic properties has been investigated. The variation of the Young's modulus with temperature has been determined for ternary alloys and quaternary alloys using compression tests. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. C1 USAF, WRIGHT LAB, MLLM, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. DEF MET RES LAB, HYDERABAD 500058, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA. RP Chu, F (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, CTR MAT SCI, MAIL STOP K765, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PY 1997 VL 5 IS 2 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(96)00075-1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WH139 UT WOS:A1997WH13900008 ER PT B AU Matson, CL AF Matson, CL GP IEEE SIGNAL PROC SOC TI Resolution limits for band-limited and positivity-constrained 1-D signals SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 26-29, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Ultimately, the band-limited nature of imaging systems restricts image quality in measured data. However, prior knowledge such as support or positivity can be employed to improve image quality beyond that available from measured data. In previous work we have shown that prior knowledge increases image quality by two means: superresolution and signal-to-noise improvements in the Fourier domain. However, after prior knowledge is enforced, the resulting filter multiplying the Fourier data may unduly limit resolution in the constrained image. In this paper, maximum achievable resolutions are derived for one-dimensional filters. It is shown that requiring a signal to be positive results in lowering its maximum achievable resolution by a factor of two. As a result, algorithms which use positivity to improve the quality of Fourier-domain data may benefit from a final post-processing step to increase resolution. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,OPT SENSING DIV,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8183-7 PY 1997 BP 921 EP 924 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ90C UT WOS:A1997BJ90C00233 ER PT B AU Olsem, MR AF Olsem, MR BE Harrold, MJ Visaggio, G TI Enabling technology for migrating legacy systems to client-server systems - Panel position statement SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Software Maintenance CY OCT 01-03, 1997 CL BARI, ITALY SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn, Assoc Comp Machinery, Univ Bari, CRIM, InfoCamere, Netsiel, O Grp, Software Maintenance News, Sogei, Telecom Italia RP Olsem, MR (reprint author), USAF,SOFTWARE TECHNOL SUPPORT CTR,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8013-X PY 1997 BP 304 EP 304 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJ76Y UT WOS:A1997BJ76Y00039 ER PT J AU Carretta, TR Ree, MJ AF Carretta, TR Ree, MJ TI A preliminary evaluation of causal models of male and female acquisition of pilot skills SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JOB KNOWLEDGE; ABILITY; PERFORMANCE; SELECTION AB Based on a previous study, a causal model of acquisition of pilot job knowledge and flying skills was tested on separate samples of male and female students. Causal model parameters were estimated separately for each sample and, due to the small sample size for women, no between-groups statistical tests were conducted. The results are viewed as tentative because of the small sample of female students; however, the path coefficient parameter estimates are still useful. The model showed a direct influence of general cognitive ability (g) on the acquisition of job knowledge and an indirect influence on the acquisition of flying skills. The direct and indirect influence of cognitive ability on flying skills was a little stronger for women than for men. Additionally, the path between prior job knowledge (JK(p)) and flying performance was somewhat stronger for women than for men. Consistent with previous findings, the influence of early flying skills on later flying skills was very strong. No argument for a sex-separated training syllabus is supported. RP Carretta, TR (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,HUMAN RESOURCES DIRECTORATE,HRMA,7909 LINDBERGH DR,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 7 IS 4 BP 353 EP 364 DI 10.1207/s15327108ijap0704_7 PG 12 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA YC522 UT WOS:A1997YC52200007 PM 11540968 ER PT J AU Buchanan, DJ John, R Johnson, DA AF Buchanan, DJ John, R Johnson, DA TI Determination of crack bridging stresses from crack opening displacement profiles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article ID MATRIX CRACKING; CONCRETE FRACTURE; FIBER COMPOSITES; WEIGHT FUNCTION; GROWTH AB This paper discusses the development of an optimization procedure to deduce the bridging stress from the crack opening displacements (COD) measured during fatigue crack growth. Finite element analysis was conducted using the center-cracked geometry To verify the optimization procedure. The proposed procedure successfully predicted the bridging stress distributions with zero stresses at the crack tip and the bridging stress distributions with non-zero stresses at the crack tip. The results also showed that COD measurements spaced at approximate to 0.8-1.0 mm are sufficient for reliable prediction of bridging stresses. Accurate prediction of bridging stresses near the crack tip required COD data within approximate to 0.1 mm from the crack tip. The application of the proposed procedure to a metal matrix composite (SCS-6/TIMETAL(R)21S) is also discussed. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, Adv Mat Characterizat Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Buchanan, DJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integr Div, Adv Mat Characterizat Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PY 1997 VL 87 IS 2 BP 101 EP 117 DI 10.1023/A:1007495331890 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA ZL066 UT WOS:000073395400001 ER PT J AU Mickley, GA Cobb, BL Farrell, ST AF Mickley, GA Cobb, BL Farrell, ST TI Brain hyperthermia alters local cerebral glucose utilization: A comparison of hyperthermic agents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYPERTHERMIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on New Directions in Electromagnetic Fields Research CY OCT 06-08, 1993 CL KALISPELL, MT DE brain; hyperthermia; microwave radiation; metabolism; local cerebral glucose utilization ID ENERGY-METABOLISM; RAT; HYPOTHALAMUS; MICROWAVES AB Microwaves have been proposed to alter neural functioning through both thermal and non-thermal mechanisms. We attempted to determine if local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) depends on the type of hyperthermic agent employed. We exposed the heads of rats to two different hyperthermic agents (5.6 GHz microwave exposure or exposure to hot/moist air) to create a 2 degrees C rise in midbrain temperature. Other rats were sham exposed-and remained normothermic. The 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) autoradiographic method was then used to determine LCGU during a 45-min period of stable hyperthermia. Hyperthermia (created by either hyperthermic agent) caused a general rise in brain glucose utilization. Hot-air exposed rats showed significantly higher LCGUs than microwaved rats in portions of the motor cortex, hypothalamus, lateral lemniscus and the substantia nigra (reticulata). Microwave exposure did not produce significantly higher levels of LCGU (compared to hot-air exposed hyperthermic controls) in any of the 47 brain areas sampled. A time analysis of lateral hypothalamic (LH) temperature during these different heating procedures revealed that microwave exposure produced a more-rapid rise in temperature than did hot/moist air. Thus, we wondered if the nuclei-specific differences in LCGU could be explained by localized differences in rate of brain heating during the two hyperthermic treatments. In a second study we carefully matched both the rate of lateral hypothalamic temperature rise and the peak temperatures achieved by our two hyperthermic methods and again measured LH LCGUs. We found that this precise matching eliminated the difference in hypothalamic LCGU previously observed following microwave or hot-air, exposure. These data suggest that hyperthermia causes a general rise in brain metabolism and that (as long as steady state and rate of local brain temperature increase are well matched) microwave and hot-air induced hyperthermia produce similar changes in LCGU. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,OER,RADIOFREQUENCY RADIAT DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0265-6736 J9 INT J HYPERTHER JI Int. J. Hyperthermia PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 99 EP 114 DI 10.3109/02656739709056434 PG 16 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WE401 UT WOS:A1997WE40100009 PM 9024931 ER PT J AU McMillan, RW Bohlander, RA Baldygo, WJ AF McMillan, RW Bohlander, RA Baldygo, WJ TI Millimeter-wave atmospheric turbulence measurements: Instrumentation, selected results, and system effects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; FLUCTUATIONS; TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY; PHASE AB Increasing interest in and greater usage of the millimeter-wave frequency bands has resulted in a need for better characterization of atmospheric effects at these frequencies. While attenuation is recognized as the most significant effect, recent measurements of fluctuations in intensity and phase caused by atmospheric turbulence have shown that these phenomena will also degrade system performance at both millimeter-wave and microwave frequencies. This paper describes the millimeter-wave and meteorological instrumentation used to make these measurements and gives selected results. It is determined that phase fluctuations as great as 1.5 radians and intensity fluctuations as large as 2.8 dB are observed over a 1370 m path in hot, humid weather. The effects of these fluctuations on the performance of practical, existing microwave phased array and monopulse systems are assessed. It is determined that phase fluctuations in particular will degrade the performance of microwave adaptive nulling arrays and monopulse trackers. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,GEORGIA TECH RES INST,ATLANTA,GA 30332. RP McMillan, RW (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,26 ELECT PKWY,ROME,NY 13441, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-9271 J9 INT J INFRARED MILLI JI Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves PD JAN PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1 BP 233 EP 258 DI 10.1007/BF02677909 PG 26 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA WD887 UT WOS:A1997WD88700016 ER PT J AU Guide, VDR Srivastava, R Spencer, MS AF Guide, VDR Srivastava, R Spencer, MS TI An evaluation of capacity planning techniques in a remanufacturing environment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION; MANAGEMENT; GREEN AB Remanufacturing is a growing segment of the manufacturing industry, aided by environmental greening initiatives. There is scant literature on how to manage operations in this emerging industry segment. In this study, an important component of the manufacturing planning and control function, capacity planning is analysed. It is shown that the remanufacturing environments characteristics are sufficiently different from the traditional new product manufacturing environments that production planning and control techniques need to be different. New capacity planning techniques are developed and implemented along with some standard capacity planning techniques in a remanufacturing environment. The results show that the new techniques, developed for the remanufacturing environment are significantly better than the standard techniques, which had been developed for the traditional new product manufacturing environment. RP Guide, VDR (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH LOG & ACQUISIT MANAGEMENT,DEPT GRAD LOG MANAGEMENT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 52 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0020-7543 J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 67 EP 82 DI 10.1080/002075497195984 PG 16 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA WB657 UT WOS:A1997WB65700005 ER PT J AU Klopf, AH AF Klopf, AH TI Drive-reinforcement learning and hierarchical networks of control system as models of nervous system function SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8760 J9 INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL JI Int. J. Psychophysiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 42 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0167-8760(97)85453-0 PG 2 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA WL759 UT WOS:A1997WL75900086 ER PT J AU Dubois, DF Prestidge, BR Hotchkiss, LA Prete, JJ Bice, WS AF Dubois, DF Prestidge, BR Hotchkiss, LA Prete, JJ Bice, WS TI Source localization using magnetic resonance imaging following permanent transperineal interstitial prostate brachytherapy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,RADIAT ONCOL SERV,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT RADIOL,DIV RADIOL SCI,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2 SU S BP 220 EP 220 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(97)80728-6 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XW280 UT WOS:A1997XW28000253 ER PT J AU Prestidge, BR Bice, WS Prete, JJ Buchholz, TA AF Prestidge, BR Bice, WS Prete, JJ Buchholz, TA TI A dose-volume analysis of permanent transperineal prostate brachytherapy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DIV RADIOL SCI,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2 SU S BP 289 EP 289 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(97)80864-4 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XW280 UT WOS:A1997XW28000388 ER PT J AU Prete, JJ Dubois, DF Bice, WS Prestidge, BR AF Prete, JJ Dubois, DF Bice, WS Prestidge, BR TI A comparison of MRI and CT based post implant dosimetric assessment of transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT RADIOL,DIV RADIO SCI,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78229. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2 SU S BP 345 EP 345 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(97)80976-5 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XW280 UT WOS:A1997XW28000500 ER PT J AU Prestidge, BR Hoak, DC Grimm, PD Ragde, H Cavanagh, W Blasko, JC AF Prestidge, BR Hoak, DC Grimm, PD Ragde, H Cavanagh, W Blasko, JC TI Posttreatment biopsy results following interstitial brachytherapy in early-stage prostate cancer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology (ASTRO) CY OCT 08-11, 1995 CL MIAMI, FL SP Amer Soc Therapeut Radiol & Oncol DE prostate cancer; interstitial brachytherapy; postimplant biopsy ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; CARCINOMA; IRRADIATION; IMPLANTATION; ANTIGEN; ADENOCARCINOMA; RADIATION; RADIOTHERAPY; THERAPY; I-125 AB Purpose: To assess pathologic control rates for prostatic carcinoma as determined by postimplant prostate biopsy in a large series of consecutive patients who have received permanent interstitial brachytherapy using a contemporary transrectal ultrasound-directed, transperineal, computer generated, volume technique. Methods and Materials: Four hundred and two patients received permanent I-125 or Pd-103 interstitial brachytherapy as primary treatment for early stage prostatic carcinoma at the Northwest Tumor Institute between January 1988 and January 1994, Of these, 201 have consented to biopsy 12 or more months postimplant with a median follow-up of 40 months (range: 12-83 months), None had received hormonal manipulation, A total of 361 biopsies was performed on 201 patients with a range of one to six annual biopsies per patient (91 received multiple, serial biopsies), Of the 161 patients more than 12 months postimplant who have not been biopsied, most have been unwilling or unable to submit to biopsy, Only six patients with biochemical progression have not been biopsied, There was no difference in the presenting characteristics or implant parameters between those patients biopsied and those that were not, One hundred and forty-three received I-125 (71%) prescribed to a MPD of 160 Gy with a median activity of 35.5 mCi, and 58 (29 %) received (103)pd prescribed to a MPD of 115 Gy with a median activity of 123 mCi, Multiple biopsies were performed under transrectal ultrasound guidance, and all specimens were classified as either negative, indeterminate, or positive. Results: At the time of last biopsy, 161 (80%) have achieved negative pathology, 34 (17%) remain indeterminate, and 6 (3%) have been positive, Only 2 of the 186 patients with a PSA < 4.0 ng/ml at the time of biopsy were positive, Among those 33 indeterminate patients with a subsequent biopsy, 28 have converted to negative, 2 to positive, and 3 remain unchanged to date. Conclusions: These data demonstrate at least an 80% pathologically confirmed local control rate following permanent interstitial brachytherapy for early stage prostate cancer, A higher local control rate is expected with further follow-up as the majority of indeterminate biopsies convert to negative over time, The indeterminate category of postirradiation biopsy described here includes specimens that have probably been interpreted as positive in other series, but correlate clinically and biochemically with negative biopsies, These results support the use of modern interstitial brachytherapy techniques for selected patients with early stage adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. PATHOL ASSOC INC,SPOKANE,WA. NW TUMOR INST,SEATTLE,WA. PACIFIC NW CANC FDN,SEATTLE,WA. NR 34 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(96)00390-2 PG 9 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WJ646 UT WOS:A1997WJ64600005 PM 9054874 ER PT J AU Yuan, FG Pagano, NJ Cai, X AF Yuan, FG Pagano, NJ Cai, X TI Elastic moduli of brittle matrix composites with interfacial debonding SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR AB Elastic moduli of brittle matrix composites with uni-symmetric and doubly-symmetric interfacial debonding are studied.dagger Traction continuity and displacement continuity conditions are imposed along the boundary of adjacent representative elements. With careful consideration of symmetric and skew-symmetric conditions in the cell, the uni-symmetric and doubly-symmetric debonding cases can be modelled by a half cell or a quarter cell problem, respectively. The RVE boundaries, in general, do not remain straight for the composite under loading. Parametric studies assessing the effect of the debonding angle, the shear moduli ratios in the constituents and the fiber volume fractions on the composite shear moduli are also presented through finite element analyses. Comparison of the shear moduli between the current compatible displacement field and the linear straight boundary displacements of the RVE is addressed. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 WRIGHT LAB,MLBM,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Yuan, FG (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH & AEROSP ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 34 IS 2 BP 177 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(96)00003-0 PG 25 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA VW496 UT WOS:A1997VW49600002 ER PT J AU Smith, L Ridgely, DB Walker, D Luke, J AF Smith, L Ridgely, DB Walker, D Luke, J TI Application of a mixed H-2/H-infinity approach with a singular H-infinity constraint SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB This paper explores the application of mixed H-2/H-infinity optimal control design to a flight control problem. An improved numerical optimization technique is applied and solutions are obtained for controllers of order equal to the order of both the underlying H-2 and H-infinity problem. Some advantages of this mixed control technique are that it can handle singular H-infinity constraints and allows the user to specify the order of the controller. The results demonstrate the potential for controllers obtained using this method to provide performance and robustness characteristics at orders equal to the underlying plants. RP Smith, L (reprint author), USAF, INST TECHNOL ENY, DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT, 2950 P ST, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7721 J9 INT J SYST SCI JI Int. J. Syst. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1080/00207729708929363 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA WC806 UT WOS:A1997WC80600007 ER PT J AU Benedetti, JK Burris, HA Balcerzak, SP Macdonald, JS AF Benedetti, JK Burris, HA Balcerzak, SP Macdonald, JS TI Phase II trial of topotecan in advanced gastric cancer: A Southwest Oncology Group study SO INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUGS LA English DT Article DE advanced gastric cancer; topotecan; phase II trial ID DOXORUBICIN; MITOMYCIN; 5-FLUOROURACIL AB Topotecan (NSC 609099) is a camptothecin analogue that demonstrated activity against a variety of human tumors in preclinical studies. A phase II trial was performed with topotecan given to patients with locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Topotecan was administered IV Bolus over 30 minutes on a daily X 5 schedule, every three weeks, with a starting dose of 1.5 mg/m(2). Twenty patients were entered onto the study, all of whom were eligible. All patients were evaluable for toxicities. Half of these patients experienced at least one Grade 4 hematologic toxicity, comprised of either granulocytopenia or leukopenia (4 patients with both, 3 patients with grade 4 granulocytopenia, and 2 patients with only grade 4 leukopenia). Other non-life threatening (Grade 3) toxicities included nausea (2 patients), weakness (2 patients), weight loss (1 patient), blurred vision (1 patient), diarrhea (1 patient) and malaise/fatigue/lethargy (1 patient). Two patients achieved a partial response, for an overall response rate of 10% (95% confidence interval of 1.2 to 31.7%). The median survival for the 20 patients was five months. C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. OHIO STATE UNIV,CTR HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. TEMPLE UNIV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. RP Benedetti, JK (reprint author), SW ONCOL GRP 9150,OPERAT OFF,CTR STAT,14980 OMICRON DR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78245, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6997 J9 INVEST NEW DRUG JI Invest. New Drugs PY 1997 VL 15 IS 3 BP 261 EP 264 DI 10.1023/A:1005899720463 PG 4 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YE329 UT WOS:A1997YE32900011 PM 9387050 ER PT B AU Currie, N Demma, F Ferris, D McMillan, R Wicks, M Zyga, K AF Currie, N Demma, F Ferris, D McMillan, R Wicks, M Zyga, K BE Rudin, LI Bramble, SK TI Imaging sensor fusion for concealed weapon detection SO INVESTIGATIVE IMAGE PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Investigative Image Processing CY NOV 19-20, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, Fed Bur Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Tehcnol Ctr DE concealed weapon detection; sensor fusion; image processing; law enforcement technology AB Sensors are needed for concealed weapon detection which perform better with regard to weapon classification, identification, probability of detection and false alarm rate than the magnetic sensors commonly used in airports. We have concluded that no single sensor will meet the requirements for a reliable concealed weapon detector and thus that sensor fusion is required to optimize detection probability and false alarm rate by combining sensor outputs in a synergistic fashion. This paper describes microwave, millimeter wave, far infrared, infrared, x-ray, acoustic, and magnetic sensors which have some promise in the field of concealed weapon detection. The strengths and weaknesses of these devices are discussed, and examples of the outputs of most of them are given. Various approaches to fusion of these sensors are also described, from simple cueing of one sensor by another to improvement of image quality by using multiple systems. It is further concluded that none of the sensors described herein will ever replace entirely the airport metal detector, but that many of them meet needs imposed by applications requiring a higher detection probability and lower false alarm rate. RP Currie, N (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,26 ELECT PKWY,ROME,NY 13441, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2344-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2942 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1117/12.267167 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BH32M UT WOS:A1997BH32M00008 ER PT B AU Bishop, GJ Coco, DS Lunt, N Coker, C Mazzella, AJ Kersley, L AF Bishop, GJ Coco, DS Lunt, N Coker, C Mazzella, AJ Kersley, L GP ION TI Application of SCORE to extract protonospheric electron content from GPS/NNSS observations SO ION GPS-97, PT 1 AND 2: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation CY SEP 16-19, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR, KANSAS CITY, MO SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div HO KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR AB Protonospheric (or plasmaspheric) electron content is included in GPS measurements of ionospheric total electron content (TEC), since the GPS satellites' altitude is 20,000 km and the ionosphere is almost entirely below 1000 km altitude. Accurate measurement of this protonospheric content remains a significant issue in the use of GPS TEC data for space weather modeling or for providing ionospheric TEC data to aid other systems. The Self-Calibration of pseudoRange Errors (SCORE) algorithm uses the GPS TEC measurements to calibrate GPS two-frequency receivers for all system components' contributions to pseudorange error, supporting improved GPS TEC accuracies. A recent study has shown that SCORE can maintain mid-latitude GPS TEC accuracy at better than the 2 TEC units (1 TECu = 1x10(16) electrons/m(2) integrated along the raypath, 2 TECu approximate to 1 ns delay at L1). One approach used in that study was to compare SCORE-calibrated GPS TEC to measures of TEC recovered from the Navy Navigation Satellite System (NNSS, now re-named the Navy Ionospheric Measuring System, NIMS). Examination was limited to comparisons nearly overhead the observing station. In this paper we extend the GPS/NIMS comparisons over wide geographic regions, taking advantage of the fact that NIMS produces an essentially north-south cross section of the regional ionospheric TEC in a few minutes and SCORE-calibrated GPS produces a highly accurate regional TEC map for the entire day. The aim of this study was to obtain protonospheric electron content through differencing these two profiles, since the NIMS satellites only observe the ionospheric contribution. This paper investigates this differencing technique and provides insight into the advantages of using GPS and dense GPS networks to map the ionosphere and protonosphere. The preliminary results indicate that these methods have good potential for monitoring protonospheric electron content from the mid latitudes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Phillips Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Bishop, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Phillips Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 207 EP 216 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BK75L UT WOS:000073331000021 ER PT B AU Arnett, CM Walker, KJ AF Arnett, CM Walker, KJ GP ION TI Global position, velocity and timing determination capability capstone requirements document SO ION GPS-97, PT 1 AND 2: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation CY SEP 16-19, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR, KANSAS CITY, MO SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div HO KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR AB The Capstone Requirements Document for Global Position, Velocity, and Timing Determination Capability will serve as the top-level system of systems user requirements document for military and civil position, velocity, and timing (PVT) programs. The Capstone Requirements Document (CRD) reflects ongoing efforts to incorporate the diverse requirements of military, civil, commercial and scientific users and their needs for future PVT systems. In light of the Presidential Guidance to discontinue use of Selective Availability on the Global Positioning System (GPS) by the year 2006, the CRD addresses the military's requirements to prevent the hostile use of GPS and its augmentations and to ensure the US retains its military advantage without unduly disrupting or degrading civilian uses. The CRD will be used as the basis for development of military and civil system-specific requirements documents for specific applications which, in turn, will be used for system architecture alternatives and system acquisition. C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Arnett, CM (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 399 EP 405 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BK75L UT WOS:000073331000040 ER PT B AU Barker, BC AF Barker, BC GP ION TI GPS user support: An overview of the dissemination of GPS outage information worldwide SO ION GPS-97, PT 1 AND 2: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation CY SEP 16-19, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR, KANSAS CITY, MO SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div HO KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR AB With the significant growth of and dependence upon GE'S applications worldwide, the dissemination of accurate, timely satellite outage information has become increasingly important. The 2d Space Operations Squadron (2 SOPS), operators of GPS, publish Notice Advisories to NAVSTAR Users (NANU) to inform the user community of forecast and real-time satellite outages. Since September 1996, the types, formats, and distribution of the NANU have changed. Within the first eight months of 1997, several changes to satellite outage distribution have occurred or are being implemented. First, 2 SOPS participated in the 14AF Guardian Tiger Initiative, a working group to consolidate GPS support to the warfighter and key civil agencies. Second, 2 SOPS is working with the Federal Aviation Administration and the United States Coast Guard Navigation Information Center to automate GPS outage information distribution to worldwide users. This will include Notice to Airman (NOTAM) and Broadcast Notice to Mariners (BNM). This paper will discuss the results of these two initiatives. The author will explain the current types and formats of NANUs, how they are sent to users, and how the user can receive them. The author will also discuss the NOTAM and BNM processes. C1 USAF, Space Operat Squadron 2, Falcon AFB, CO USA. RP Barker, BC (reprint author), USAF, Space Operat Squadron 2, Falcon AFB, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 417 EP 421 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BK75L UT WOS:000073331000042 ER PT B AU Martoccia, D Beard, RL Wu, A AF Martoccia, D Beard, RL Wu, A GP ION TI Atomic frequency standards technology roadmap for the future GPS satellites. SO ION GPS-97, PT 1 AND 2: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation CY SEP 16-19, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR, KANSAS CITY, MO SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div HO KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR AB Atomic Frequency Standards (AFS) in the GPS satellites are essential in providing GPS users accurate position, velocity and time determinations. Two Rubidium (Rb) AFSs and two Cesium (Cs) AFSs are employed for the current GPS Block II/IIA satellites. Two Rb AFSs and one Cs AFSs are planned for the GPS Block IIR satellites. However, the production of the Cs AFS is experiencing major manufacturing and testing problems, so the configuration of three Rb AFSs has been selected for at least the first ten GPS Block IIR satellites. In the GPS Block IIF program, three Cs AFSs and Rb AFS will be installed. In the United States, the capabilities of producing space-qualified AFS are presently limited to only three companies (Kernco, Frequency & Time Systems and Frequency Electronics Inc.) for the Cs AFS and one (EG&G) for the Rb AFS. The commercial market for spaceborne AFS does not exist acid military usage is limited primarily to GPS. Since the market demand for the future spaceborne AFS for the GPS program will be, on the average, about twelve units per year based on three launches per year and four AFSs per satellite, this type of production rate would not provide the economic justification for the sustainment of the AFS manufactures. Also the commercial applications of the accurate AFS are seriously hampered because the accurate time can easily be obtained from the GPS receivers. Looking into the requirements for the future GPS, it is necessary to develop a long range plan for the AFS technology roadmap to assure an adequate supply now for continuous GPS sustainment. We not only have to ensure that AFS will be available in the future, we also have to address the continuing demand for the improvement in accuracy and reliability and ease of operation, diagnostics and production by introducing new AFS technologies. In this paper we will examine the following topics: (1) Space proven AFS industrial base, (2) Special study for the AFS technology insertion plan, (3) Refinement of the current AFS technologies, (4) Development of the new AFS technologies, and (5) AFS roadmap schedule. C1 USAF, GPS Joint Program Off, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Martoccia, D (reprint author), USAF, GPS Joint Program Off, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 1075 EP 1084 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BK75L UT WOS:000073331000111 ER PT B AU Hill, D Wallace, K Negast, B AF Hill, D Wallace, K Negast, B GP ION TI Differential GPS: an enabling technology for domestic and international program test and evaluation applications SO ION GPS-97, PT 1 AND 2: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation CY SEP 16-19, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR, KANSAS CITY, MO SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div HO KANSAS CITY CONVENT CTR C1 Wright Lab, Avion Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hill, D (reprint author), Wright Lab, Avion Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 1697 EP 1704 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BK75L UT WOS:000073331000180 ER PT B AU Campbell, KS AF Campbell, KS GP IEEE TI Prioritizing research topics in professional communication SO IPCC 97 PROCEEDINGS - 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION CONFERENCE: CROSSROADS IN COMMUNICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (IPCC 97) on Crossroads in Communication CY OCT 22-25, 1997 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE Profess Commun Soc AB Within the professional communication field, the gap between academics, who do most of the research, and practitioners, who might make use of those research results, is well known. Prior research has shown that, although practitioners place a high value on research, they read little of it. This paper reports efforts to address one possible cause of this problem by establishing the importance of nine research topic areas, six data collection methods/soures, and three data analysis methods for both academics and practitioners. The research involves a survey ofsubscribers to the IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication. The results of this survey effort will be publicized in an effort to encourage researchers to pursue projects deemed most important. RP Campbell, KS (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,USAF,INST TECHNOL,POB 870225,TUSCALOOSA,AL 35487, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4184-8 PY 1997 BP 283 EP 290 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Communication SC Computer Science; Communication GA BJ87E UT WOS:A1997BJ87E00032 ER PT B AU Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ Neal, RM AF Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ Neal, RM GP SOC IMAGING SCI & TECHNOL TI Electro-optical switching characteristics of holograms recorded in polymer dispersed liquid crystals SO IS&T 50TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, FINAL PROGRAM AND PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Imaging-Science-and-Technology CY MAY 18-23, 1997 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol AB Electro-optical switching of the diffraction efficiency in volume holographic gratings offers the possiblity of realtime control and programmability of diffractive optic components. We have recently demonstrated recording of transmission holographic Bragg gratings in a material system consisting of a photoinitiator dye, coinitiator, a chain extender, a multifunctional acrylate and a low molecular weight nematic Liquid crystal. Low voltage scanning electron microscopy studies have shown that the gratings consist of periodic polymer dispersed Liquid crystal (PDLC) planes. Electrical switching of a first order Bragg diffracted beam into the zero-order with an applied field. of 10V/mu m was observed. Addition of a surfactant to the prepolymer syrup reduces the switching field to similar to 5 V/mu m. Fast response times of the order of microseconds were observed for switching and relaxation. We have also demonstrated storage and electrical switching of holographic image data in PDLC material. The image hologram can be reversibly erased and restored repeatedly by the application of the field (10-15V/mu m). Switchable reflection gratings were also made in this material system. RP Natarajan, LV (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IMAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 BN 0-89208-199-6 PY 1997 BP 666 EP 668 PG 3 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ88J UT WOS:A1997BJ88J00189 ER PT J AU Herup, EJ Palazotto, AN AF Herup, EJ Palazotto, AN TI Elasticity solutions for Hertzian loaded composite sandwich plates SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The elasticity solutions for composite laminates in bending originally developed by Pagano are extended for Hertzian contact-type loading in this paper. Two solutions are obtained, corresponding to cylindrical bending and three-dimensional bending of a rectangular plate. Loads simulating contact with a spherical indentor are obtained by superposition of the elasticity solutions for individual terms of truncated Fourier sine series representations of Hertzian contact stresses. In this way, a benchmark for models of impact loaded plates is provided in which the loading is more representative of contact than the solutions often used for that purpose. The solutions provide insight into the interpretation of experimental data from low-velocity impact tests and are used to judge the performance of finite-element-based low-velocity impact algorithms in predicting stress under the impactor. RP Herup, EJ (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(1997)10:1(27) PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA VZ004 UT WOS:A1997VZ00400005 ER PT J AU Hebert, JE Dietz, DC AF Hebert, JE Dietz, DC TI Modeling and analysis of an airport departure process SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID MARKOV AB This paper develops and implements an analytical queueing model for an aircraft departure process. The model is formulated using data collected at LaGuardia Airport in June 1994. Departure demand is represented by a nonhomogeneous Poisson process, and service times are modeled as appropriate mixtures of exponential stages. Transient analysis of the resulting Markovian system is performed to produce a time-dependent plot of anticipated departure delay. The model and analytical results yield useful insights for airport capacity estimation and departure delay prediction. RP Hebert, JE (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,2950 P ST,BLDG 640,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 34 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.2514/2.2133 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WP100 UT WOS:A1997WP10000007 ER PT J AU Faller, WE Schreck, SJ AF Faller, WE Schreck, SJ TI Unsteady fluid mechanics applications of neural networks SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 09-12, 1995 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID PREDICTION AB The capability to harness or alleviate unsteady aerodynamic forces and moments could dramatically enhance aircraft control during severe maneuvers as well as significantly extend the life span of both helicopter and wind turbine blade/rotor assemblies, Using recursive neural networks, time-dependent models that predict unsteady boundary-layer development, separation, dynamic stall, and dynamic reattachment have been developed, Further, these models of the flow-wing interactions can be used as the foundation upon which to develop adaptive control systems. The present work describes these capabilities for three-dimensional unsteady surface pressures and two-dimensional unsteady shear-stress measurements obtained for harmonic and constant-rate pitch motions. In the near future, it is predicted that such techniques will provide a viable approach for the development of six degree-of-freedom motion simulators for severe vehicle maneuvers as well as a foundation for the active control of unsteady fluid mechanics in a variety of systems. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. USAF,OFF SCI RES,DEPT MATH,WASHINGTON,DC 20332. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 34 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.2514/2.2134 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WP100 UT WOS:A1997WP10000008 ER PT J AU MidoroHoriuti, T Goldblum, RM Goetz, DW Brooks, EG AF MidoroHoriuti, T Goldblum, RM Goetz, DW Brooks, EG TI T-cell recognition of carbohydrate in cedar pollen hypersensitivity. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,GALVESTON,TX 77550. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 731 EP 731 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14200729 ER PT J AU DeSalvo, GC Look, DC Bozada, CA Ebel, JL AF DeSalvo, GC Look, DC Bozada, CA Ebel, JL TI Depth measurement of doped semiconductors using the Hall technique SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOBILITY TRANSISTOR STRUCTURES; GAAS AB A new method using the Hall technique to determine the change in surface layer thickness of doped semiconductors is presented. An equation to calculate the semiconductor thickness change has been determined by comparing the difference in Hall measured sheet carrier concentration and mobility before and after a change in surface layer thickness. Experiments were conducted using a wet chemical digital etch to remove n-type GaAs surface layers having an incremental etch depth control of approximately 15 Angstrom in thickness, and the resulting thickness changes were calculated by the Hall technique and measured with a mechanical profilometer. This Hall measurement technique was able to measure changes in surface layer thickness of less than 100 Angstrom, and the accuracy of this new technique compared favorably with mechanical profilometer measurements. The new Hall technique method provides accurate measurements of minute thickness changes, and is more accurate than mechanical profilometers for thickness changes less than 150 Angstrom. C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,RES CTR,DAYTON,OH 45435. RP DeSalvo, GC (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,ELECT DEV DIV,AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 1 BP 281 EP 284 DI 10.1063/1.363846 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WA947 UT WOS:A1997WA94700044 ER PT J AU Fischer, DW Ohmer, MC AF Fischer, DW Ohmer, MC TI Temperature dependence of ZnGeP2 birefringence using polarized light interference SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; GENERATION; DEVICES AB We have measured the birefringence (Delta n) of ZnGeP2 throughout the 14-500 K temperature range using polarized light interference spectra obtained in transmittance from 0.7 to 12 mu m. It was found that Delta n continuously increases with temperature for all wavelengths but that the amount of increase is not constant with temperature as often assumed. Delta n increases by approximately 0.006 when the temperature changes from 14 to 500 K. The temperature derivative of the birefringence, d(Delta n)/dT, was determined at 50 K increments and its value was found to be quite dependent on the exact temperature range over which it was measured. It increases linearly with temperature, having a coefficient of 3.3x10(-8)/K. Actual d(Delta n)/dT values range from 5x10(-6)/K at the lowest temperature to 19x10(-6)/K at the highest. We conclude that the anomalously low phase matching angles observed for second-harmonic generation in ZnGeP2 are not associated with errors in birefringence values as previously speculated but instead are most likely due to nonlinear absorption phenomena. RP Fischer, DW (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLPO,3005 P ST,SUITE 6,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 1 BP 425 EP 431 DI 10.1063/1.364075 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WA947 UT WOS:A1997WA94700068 ER PT J AU Beakes, DE AF Beakes, DE TI The use of anticholinergics in asthma SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Review DE ipratropium; acute asthma; chronic asthma; anticholinergics; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; history of anticholinergics; cholinergic bronchomotor tone; quaternary anticholinergics; glycopyrrolate; oxitropium ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; NEBULIZED IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE; EXERCISE-INDUCED ASTHMA; CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS; OXITROPIUM BROMIDE; INHALED GLYCOPYRROLATE; ATROPINE INHALATION; AIRWAY-OBSTRUCTION; NOCTURNAL ASTHMA; MODERATE ASTHMA AB Anticholinergic medications have been accepted as an important treatment modality in chronic bronchitis and chronic asthma, but their use in acute asthma is more controversial. A brief historical context of anticholinergics is given. The innervations of the lung that govern bronchoconstriction and bronchodilatation are reviewed. The pharmacological and neurological properties of anticholinergics make them excellent modalities for treatment of asthma. The benefits of anticholinergics in acute asthma, exercise-induced asthma, nocturnal asthma, and psychogenic asthma are reviewed. The use of anticholinergics in anaphylaxis with beta-blockade is examined. RP Beakes, DE (reprint author), MALCOLM GROW MED CTR,ALLERGY & IMMUNOL CLIN,SGOMA,BLDG 1044,W PERIMETER RD,ANDREWS AFB,MD 20762, USA. NR 93 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 1997 VL 34 IS 5 BP 357 EP 368 DI 10.3109/02770909709055377 PG 12 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA XX997 UT WOS:A1997XX99700001 PM 9350152 ER PT J AU Baker, EK Willsie, SK Marinac, JS Salzman, GA AF Baker, EK Willsie, SK Marinac, JS Salzman, GA TI Continuously nebulized albuterol in severe exacerbations of asthma in adults: A case-controlled study SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; albuterol; critical care; continuous nebulization of albuterol ID AEROSOLIZED ALBUTEROL; BETA-AGONIST; APACHE-II; CHILDREN; SALBUTAMOL; INTERMITTENT; TERBUTALINE; SAFETY; BETA-2-AGONISTS; COLONIZATION AB A retrospective, case-controlled analysis comparing patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit with severe exacerbations of asthma who received continuously nebulized albuterol (CNA) versus intermittent albuterol (INA) treatments is reported. Forty matched pairs of patients with asthma are compared. CNA was administered for a mean of 11 +/- 10 hr. The incidence of cardiac dysrhthmias was similar between groups. Symptomatic hypokalemia did not occur. CNA patients had higher heart rates during treatment, which may reflect severity of illness. The incidence of intubation was similar. We conclude that CNA and INA demonstrated similar profiles with regard to safety, morbidity, and mortality. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Green Unit 4, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Med & Pharmacol, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Scott AFB, IL USA. RP Willsie, SK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Green Unit 4, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, 2411 Holmes, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 1997 VL 34 IS 6 BP 521 EP 530 DI 10.3109/02770909709055396 PG 10 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA YM099 UT WOS:000071028300009 PM 9428298 ER PT J AU Peter, SJ Yaszemski, MJ Suggs, LJ Payne, RG Langer, R Hayes, WC Unroe, MR Alemany, LB Engel, PS Mikos, AG AF Peter, SJ Yaszemski, MJ Suggs, LJ Payne, RG Langer, R Hayes, WC Unroe, MR Alemany, LB Engel, PS Mikos, AG TI Characterization of partially saturated poly(propylene fumarate) for orthopaedic application SO JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION LA English DT Article DE poly(propylene fumarate); unsaturated polymers; in situ polymerizable biomaterials; bone cement; polymer characterization ID BIODEGRADABLE BONE-CEMENT; COMPOSITE; OLIGOMERS AB A partially saturated linear polyester based on poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) was synthesized for potential application in filling skeletal defects. The synthesis was carried out according to a two-step reaction scheme. Propylene glycol and fumaryl chloride were first combined to form an intermediate fumaric diester. The intermediate was then subjected to a transesterification to form the PPF-based polymer. This method allowed for production of a polymer with a number average molecular weight up to 1500 and a polydispersity index of 2.8 and below. The polymeric backbone structure was investigated through the use of FTIR and NMR. Kinetic studies of the transesterification allowed mapping of the molecular weight increase with reaction time. The final product was also characterized by thermal and solubility analysis. C1 RICE UNIV,INST BIOSCI & BIOENGN,COX LAB BIOMED ENGN,HOUSTON,TX 77005. RICE UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,HOUSTON,TX 77005. MAYO CLIN,DEPT ORTHOPAED SURG,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. MIT,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BETH ISRAEL HOSP,ORTHOPAED BIOMECH LAB,BOSTON,MA 02215. USAF,POLYMER BRANCH,WRIGHT LAB,MLBP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RICE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77005. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01-AR44381]; NIGMS NIH HHS [5T32GM08362] NR 16 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 9 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5063 J9 J BIOMAT SCI-POLYM E JI J. Biomater. Sci.-Polym. Ed. PY 1997 VL 8 IS 11 BP 893 EP 904 DI 10.1163/156856297X00074 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA XZ521 UT WOS:A1997XZ52100007 PM 9342654 ER PT J AU Rice, RP AF Rice, RP TI An analysis of stylistic variables in electronic mail SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB This article presents the results of a stylistic analysis of 200 samples of electronic mail memorandums gathered from four organizations. Through systematic counting of textual features such as sentence and paragraph length, grammatical types of sentences, sentence openers, and diction, the study examines patterns of rhetorical choice common to electronic mad. In this sample, writers combined elements of formal and informal discourse but preferred simple coordinate sentence patterns, brief paragraphs, and active verbs. Additionally the serial structuring of message content and reluctance to coordinate and subordinate ideas into appropriate rhetorical patterns indicate a general inattentiveness to providing logical frameworks for readers. RP Rice, RP (reprint author), USAF ACAD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 1050-6519 J9 J BUS TECH COMMUN JI J. Bus. Tech. Commun. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 5 EP 23 DI 10.1177/1050651997011001001 PG 19 WC Business; Communication SC Business & Economics; Communication GA WC294 UT WOS:A1997WC29400001 ER PT J AU Schaff, JR Davidson, BD AF Schaff, JR Davidson, BD TI Life prediction methodology for composite structures .1. Constant amplitude and two-stress level fatigue SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CUMULATIVE DAMAGE; LAMINATE; MODEL AB A strength-based wearout model is presented for predicting the residual strength and life of composite structures subjected to constant amplitude or two-stress level fatigue loadings. It is assumed that the structure undergoes proportional loading, that its residual strength is a monotonically decreasing function of the number of loading cycles, and that both the life distribution due to continuous constant amplitude cycling and the residual strength distribution after an arbitrary load history may be represented by two parameter Weibull functions. The model also incorporates a ''cycle mix factor'' to account for the degradation of strength and life that may be associated with frequent changes in the stress amplitude of the loading. Experimental results from two-stress level, uniaxially loaded laminates are used to evaluate the model's predictive capability for sequencing effects, as in a low-high or high-low test, and for cycle mix effects, as in a low-high-low-high repeating test. Good correlation between theory and experiment is obtained for all loadings and laminates studied. C1 SYRACUSE UNIV,DEPT MECH AEROSP & MFG ENGN,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. RP Schaff, JR (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 35 TC 76 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 19 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 1997 VL 31 IS 2 BP 128 EP 157 PG 30 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA WJ416 UT WOS:A1997WJ41600002 ER PT J AU Schaff, JR Davidson, BD AF Schaff, JR Davidson, BD TI Life prediction methodology for composite structures .2. Spectrum fatigue SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB A previously developed model for predicting the life of composite structures under constant amplitude and two-stress lever fatigue loadings is extended and applied to structures subjected to randomly-ordered loading spectra. The model is phenomenological and a limited amount of experimental data is required for its characterization. For uniaxially loaded laminates, this consists of static tension and compression strength distributions, S-N curves based on constant amplitude fatigue life distributions for two-to-three stress ratios, and a limited amount of two-stress level fatigue test results. The model is verified by comparing predicted fatigue life distributions to experimentally observed fatigue life data for a variety of laminates and load spectrums. Good correlation between theory and experiment is obtained for all loadings and laminates studied. C1 SYRACUSE UNIV,DEPT MECH AEROSP & MFG ENGN,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. RP Schaff, JR (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 14 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 1997 VL 31 IS 2 BP 158 EP 181 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA WJ416 UT WOS:A1997WJ41600003 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Allahdadi, FA Sun, CT AF Chen, JK Allahdadi, FA Sun, CT TI A quadratic yield function for fiber-reinforced composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FLOW RULE; PLASTICITY; MODEL AB A simple, 3-D yield function that is quadratic in stresses was proposed to describe the plastic behavior of fiber composites. It relaxes the two usually used assumptions that hydrostatic stress does not influence plastic deformation and that the total plastic dilatation is incompressible. It is also general in nature to allow for composites with various fiber volume fractions and different fiber arrays. The applicability of this quadratic yield function to fiber composites was examined, and the accuracy of the elasto-plasticity model was verified by using the macro stress-strain data generated by a 3-D nonlinear micromechanics model. Because this anisotropic plasticity model is simple and is in the general form of those widely used in existing numerical plasticity codes, it can easily be incorporated into the existing codes with little effort. C1 PURDUE UNIV,SCH AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SATELLITE ASSESSMENT DIV,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 11 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 1997 VL 31 IS 8 BP 788 EP 811 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA WY078 UT WOS:A1997WY07800003 ER PT J AU Gambone, ML Wawner, FE AF Gambone, ML Wawner, FE TI The effect of surface flaws on SiC fiber strength in an SiC/Ti-alloy composite SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; SILICON-CARBIDE; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The strength distribution of SiC fibers has been measured after chemical extraction from a titanium-alloy matrix composite both in the as-consolidated state and after heat-treatment at 950 degrees C for 430 hours. The strength and fracture mode of fibers extracted from the as-consolidated composite was comparable to that of virgin fiber. However, fibers from the heat-treated composite demonstrated lower tensile strength and fractured from surface flaws created by chemical reaction between the fiber and matrix. A fracture mechanics analysis of the relationship between the size of these surface flaws and fiber tensile strength enabled the calculation of the fiber fracture toughness (2.2 MPa root m). The validity of this toughness value for internally-initiated tensile failures was verified by comparison of observed and predicted flaw sizes. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901. RP Gambone, ML (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WL-MLLM BLDG 655,2230 10TH ST STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 1997 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1062 EP 1079 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA XD988 UT WOS:A1997XD98800001 ER PT J AU Solti, JP Mall, S Robertson, DD AF Solti, JP Mall, S Robertson, DD TI Modeling of fatigue in cross-ply ceramic matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CRACKING; BEHAVIOR AB This study proposes a methodology for modeling the fatigue response of cross-ply ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). The micromechanics based analysis and failure criteria are formulated to model stress-strain hysteresis, strain ratchetting and S-N behavior specific to room-temperature cyclic loading environments. The damage mechanisms considered are matrix cracking in the 90 degrees and 0 degrees plies, fiber/matrix interfacial debonding, fiber fracture, and fiber pull-out. These damage modes are modeled by a set of failure criteria with a minimum reliance on empirical data which can be easily employed in a variety of numerical and analytical techniques. The predicted results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data; however, it is observed that the assumed degradation in the frictional resistance along the fiber/matrix interface plays a dominant role in determining the fatigue response. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 1997 VL 31 IS 19 BP 1921 EP 1943 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA YB747 UT WOS:A1997YB74700003 ER PT J AU Solti, JP Mall, S Robertson, DD AF Solti, JP Mall, S Robertson, DD TI Modeling of matrix failure in ceramic matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ceramic matrix composites; matrix cracking; failure and damage mechanisms; unidirectional laminates; cross-ply laminates ID CRACKING; FRACTURE AB This paper investigates failure criteria used in modeling matrix failure in unidirectional and cross-ply laminates of ceramic matrix composites. In particular, the critical matrix strain energy (CMSE) criterion, as recently introduced by the authors, is examined in detail. In principle, a failure criterion, such as CMSE, which does not require many empirical constants, is desired. This CMSE approach provides a simple closed-form estimate for the matrix crack density in ceramic matrix composites when subjected to monotonic tensile loading. The proposed criterion can be easily extended to more complex loading conditions (for example, fatigue) and laminate geometries. Other matrix failure criteria, available in the literature, are also discussed. The CMSE criterion does an adequate job of estimating the evolution of matrix damage in both unidirectional and cross-ply laminates. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Solti, JP (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT ENGN MECH,2359 FAIRCHILD DR,SUITE 6H2,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0884-6804 J9 J COMPOS TECH RES JI J. Compos. Technol. Res. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 19 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA WE664 UT WOS:A1997WE66400004 ER PT J AU Hu, SF AF Hu, SF TI The recent development of an ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation technique for metal matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation; signal phase alteration; titanium matrix composites; fiber/matrix interfacial debond; free edge effect; transverse failure; fiber fragmentation ID INTERFACE AB In this study, the use of an ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation technique and the principle of signal phase alteration are discussed. Combining them together, we can investigate the free edge effect, the transverse fiber/matrix interfacial failure, and the fiber breakage associated with the fiber fragmentation process for a single fiber composite. Using this method, we successfully detected composite fiber/matrix interfacial microscopic failure, which is much smaller in dimension than the ultrasonic wave focal area. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLLP,TMC,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0884-6804 J9 J COMPOS TECH RES JI J. Compos. Technol. Res. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 19 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA WE664 UT WOS:A1997WE66400005 ER PT J AU Chiesa, DB Hermesch, CB Dart, BK Stansell, MJ Camm, JH AF Chiesa, DB Hermesch, CB Dart, BK Stansell, MJ Camm, JH TI Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate increases fluoride uptake from topical fluoride applications. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 958 EP 958 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000956 ER PT J AU Orraca, GE Norling, BK Schmitt, SM Chance, DA AF Orraca, GE Norling, BK Schmitt, SM Chance, DA TI Effect of electric discharge machining (EDM) on metal surface finish. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78285. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX. RI Norling, Barry/I-4119-2013 OI Norling, Barry/0000-0001-6655-8750 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1341 EP 1341 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001336 ER PT J AU Schulte, G Hermesch, C Vandewalle, K Buikema, D AF Schulte, G Hermesch, C Vandewalle, K Buikema, D TI Early fracture resistance of amalgapin retained complex amalgam restorations SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1492 EP 1492 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001491 ER PT J AU Hermesch, C Hilton, T Baker, R Biesbrock, A Hamlin, J McClanahan, S Gerlach, R AF Hermesch, C Hilton, T Baker, R Biesbrock, A Hamlin, J McClanahan, S Gerlach, R TI Prophylactic use of Peridex(R) reduces the incidence of alveolar osteitis following third molar extraction. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,LACKLAND AFB,TX. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,CINCINNATI,OH. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1835 EP 1835 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001830 ER PT J AU Biesbrock, A Hamlin, J Baker, R Gerlach, R McClanahan, S Hilton, T Hermesch, C AF Biesbrock, A Hamlin, J Baker, R Gerlach, R McClanahan, S Hilton, T Hermesch, C TI Risk factors for alveolar osteitis following the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,LACKLAND AFB,TX. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,CINCINNATI,OH. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1836 EP 1836 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001834 ER PT J AU Dinse, WE Norling, BK Schmitt, SM Chance, DA AF Dinse, WE Norling, BK Schmitt, SM Chance, DA TI Strengths of modified esthetic single tooth implant restorations. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX. UTHSCSA,SAN ANTONIO,TX. RI Norling, Barry/I-4119-2013 OI Norling, Barry/0000-0001-6655-8750 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 2002 EP 2002 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68002001 ER PT J AU Puttaiah, R Plamondon, TJ Cottone, JA Gambal, E AF Puttaiah, R Plamondon, TJ Cottone, JA Gambal, E TI Efficacy of an enzymatic detergent in controlling contamination of dental treatment water. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH DENT,USAF,DENT INVEST SERV,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 2161 EP 2161 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68002157 ER PT J AU Puttaiah, R Slattery, P Plamondon, TJ Mille, SE Cottone, JA AF Puttaiah, R Slattery, P Plamondon, TJ Mille, SE Cottone, JA TI Effects of two different source waters and cleaning dental unit water systems. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,DENT INVEST SERV,SAN ANTONIO,TX. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH DENT,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 2165 EP 2165 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68002159 ER PT J AU Puttaiah, R Fabre, C Plamondon, TJ Karpay, RI Sherman, IR Mills, SE AF Puttaiah, R Fabre, C Plamondon, TJ Karpay, RI Sherman, IR Mills, SE TI Efficacy of acetic acid sodium hypochlorite solution for control of contamination in dental treatment water. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH DENT,USAF,DENT INVEST SERV,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 2166 EP 2166 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68002163 ER PT J AU Lackler, K Oates, T Hoang, A Cochran, D AF Lackler, K Oates, T Hoang, A Cochran, D TI In vitro wound healing cells of the periodontium. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 2226 EP 2226 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68002225 ER PT J AU Poth, ME Carnes, DL Nydegger, JR MacDougall, M AF Poth, ME Carnes, DL Nydegger, JR MacDougall, M TI Establishment of immortalized cell populations from periodontal ligament. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 2278 EP 2278 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68002275 ER PT J AU Tjelmeland, EM Moore, WS Hermesch, CB Buikema, DJ AF Tjelmeland, EM Moore, WS Hermesch, CB Buikema, DJ TI A perceptibility curve comparison of Ultra-speed and Ektaspeed Plus films. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 2848 EP 2848 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68002842 ER PT J AU Halligan, TJ Hermesh, CB Mills, S Plamondon, TJ Vandewalle, KS Minke, CM Dart, BK AF Halligan, TJ Hermesh, CB Mills, S Plamondon, TJ Vandewalle, KS Minke, CM Dart, BK TI Subsurface disinfection of denture acrylic resin. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,WILFORD HALL MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX. AOCD,AL,BROOKS AFB,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 2976 EP 2976 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68002970 ER PT J AU Draper, SA Norling, BK Ong, JL Schmitt, SM Verrett, RG AF Draper, SA Norling, BK Ong, JL Schmitt, SM Verrett, RG TI Dimensional change, surface roughness, and porosity in titanium crown forms. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78285. RI Norling, Barry/I-4119-2013 OI Norling, Barry/0000-0001-6655-8750 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 3113 EP 3113 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68003106 ER PT J AU Risk, DL Mills, SE Plamondon, TJ Puttaiah, R Karpay, RI AF Risk, DL Mills, SE Plamondon, TJ Puttaiah, R Karpay, RI TI Effects of treatment solutions on dental unit waterline biofilm. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UTHSCSA,USAF,DENT INVEST SERV,WILFORD HALL MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 3365 EP 3365 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68003356 ER PT J AU Karpay, RI Puttaiah, R Mills, SF Plamondon, TJ Dove, SB Levine, U AF Karpay, RI Puttaiah, R Mills, SF Plamondon, TJ Dove, SB Levine, U TI Efficacy of flushing dental units for different time periods. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UTHSCSA,SCH DENT,SAN ANTONIO,TX. USAF,DENT INVEST SERV,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 3366 EP 3366 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68003360 ER PT J AU Karpay, RI Dove, SB Mills, SE Plamondon, TJ AF Karpay, RI Dove, SB Mills, SE Plamondon, TJ TI Validation of an in-office dental unit water monitoring technique. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UTHSCSA,SCH DENT,SAN ANTONIO,TX. USAF,DENT INVEST SERV,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 3367 EP 3367 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68003357 ER PT J AU Yadrick, RM Regian, JW Connolly-Gomez, C Robertson-Schule, L AF Yadrick, RM Regian, JW Connolly-Gomez, C Robertson-Schule, L TI Dyadic vs. individual practice with exploratory and directive mathematics tutors SO JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-ASSISTED-INSTRUCTION; LEARNER-CONTROL; CONTROL STRATEGIES; PROGRAM-CONTROL; ACHIEVEMENT; ACQUISITION; FEEDBACK; SUPPORT; VIDEO AB We used a 2 x 2 design to compare the performance of low-aptitude remedial participants learning to solve mathematics word problems. Participants worked either alone or as a member of a collaborative dyad, and received up to twelve hours of instruction and practice using either the Word Problem Solving Environment (WPSE), an exploratory system over which users exercise considerable control, or Solver, a very structured and sometimes directive tutor. Individuals who worked with the WPSE showed the greatest average improvement between pretest and posttest scores. Dyad members showed relatively moderate improvements after working with either the directive tutor or the problem-solving environment. There were no significant changes between pretest and posttest scores for individuals who worked with the directive tutor. We discuss possible reasons for this pattern of results and present an analysis of data concerning the number of operations used in solving problems, the number of errors made, and the number of help requests, to support our discussion. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Galaxy Sci Corp, Egg Harbor Township, NJ 08234 USA. RP Yadrick, RM (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, HRAA, 7909 Lindbergh Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 USA SN 0735-6331 J9 J EDUC COMPUT RES JI J. Educ. Comput. Res. PY 1997 VL 17 IS 2 BP 165 EP 186 PG 22 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA ZV448 UT WOS:000074305600005 ER PT J AU Fabry, DL Higgs, JR AF Fabry, DL Higgs, JR TI Barriers to the effective use of technology in education: Current status SO JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTARY-SCHOOLS; MEDIA; METAANALYSIS; INSTRUCTION AB While the number of computers in the classroom continues to increase and tremendous support for technology integration exists in government, business, and academia, a major discrepancy exists between the level of technology use expected of educators and the actual use and integration of technology in the classroom. This article examines barriers that impede the effective use of technology in education. C1 Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80224 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fabry, DL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, 2582 S Newport St, Denver, CO 80224 USA. NR 38 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 11 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 USA SN 0735-6331 J9 J EDUC COMPUT RES JI J. Educ. Comput. Res. PY 1997 VL 17 IS 4 BP 385 EP 395 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 114RM UT WOS:000075622700005 ER PT J AU O'Reilly, OM Turcotte, JS AF O'Reilly, OM Turcotte, JS TI Elastic rods with moderate rotation SO JOURNAL OF ELASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Cosserat rod theory; elastic rods; moderate rotation theories; constrained rod theories ID CHAOTIC NONPLANAR VIBRATIONS; SMALL STRAIN; CANTILEVER BEAM; THIN ELASTICA; DEFORMATIONS; HYPERELASTICITY; STRETCH AB Based on the theory of a directed or Cosserat curve of Green, Naghdi and several of their co-workers, several properly invariant approximate theories of an elastic rod are developed. The approximate theories are applicable when a rotation tensor associated with the motion of the rod is moderate. In one of these theories, some of the strains are moderate while others are small. A second theory where all of the strains are small is also developed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP O'Reilly, OM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI O'Reilly, Oliver/0000-0003-3773-4967 NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0374-3535 J9 J ELASTICITY JI J. Elast. PY 1997 VL 48 IS 3 BP 193 EP 216 DI 10.1023/A:1007456117487 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA YX043 UT WOS:000072000700001 ER PT J AU Pyati, VP AF Pyati, VP TI Capacitance of a circular disk placed over a grounded substrate SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The electrostatic problem of a conducting circular disk resting over a grounded dielectric slab is formulated in terms of dual integral equations. Following Sneddon [9] the dual integral equations are replaced by a more manageable inhomogeneous Fredholm integral equation of the second kind in which the unknown represents the charge density. The solution of the latter equation is expressed in terms of Neumann series whose integral yields the capacitance. For values of slab thickness small compared to the radius of the disk convergence of the series is very slow and numerical evaluation became so tedious that one could not proceed beyond the sixth term. However, by applying Shank and Aitken acceleration methods to the partial sums very accurate results have been realized. Yet another powerful method of solution is based on calculus of variations. A lower bound for the capacitance in terms of charge density has been obtained. Trial function for the charge density consists of two terms, a constant plus one with an appropriate singularity at the edge. These are? weighted in such manner that the constant and singular term dominate, respectively, for small and large slab thicknesses which is in keeping with what might one expect in reality. Plots of capacitance versus thickness of the grounded slab with dielectric constant as a parameter are provided. RP Pyati, VP (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 1997 VL 11 IS 7 BP 1013 EP 1025 DI 10.1163/156939397X00387 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA XR981 UT WOS:A1997XR98100006 ER PT J AU Pillsbury, PW Ryan, WR Moore, JR AF Pillsbury, PW Ryan, WR Moore, JR TI Dual-use conversion of a High-Mach-Number jet engine test cell for industrial gas turbine low-emission combustor development SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 05-08, 1995 CL HOUSTON, TX AB With the recent trend of reducing U.S. military expenditures, it has become desirable to develop dual use of certain Department of Defense facilities. These efforts have a commercial purpose, while still retaining a military benefit. The goals of these efforts are to make U.S. business more competitive in world markets, to develop the technology to solve pressing national problems, and to maintain intact the necessary talent pool and equipment for possible military needs. In a recent initiative described in this paper, test cell equipment at the Arnold Engineering Development Center, Arnold AFB, Tennessee, was modified and expanded to allow development by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation of low-emission combustors for heavy-duty gas turbines for commercial power generation. C1 SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,AEDC GRP,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389. RP Pillsbury, PW (reprint author), WESTINGHOUSE ELECT CORP,COMBUST TURBINE ENGN,ORLANDO,FL 32826, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 1997 VL 119 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1115/1.2815562 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA WH336 UT WOS:A1997WH33600009 ER PT J AU Maji, AK Fosness, E Satpathi, D Pemble, B Donnelly, K AF Maji, AK Fosness, E Satpathi, D Pemble, B Donnelly, K TI Evaluation of rib/skin fracture in composite isogrid SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article AB Fracture mechanics was used to evaluate failure of the rib/skin connection of composite ''isogrids.'' The energy derivative method was used to determine the strain energy release rate (G) using a general purpose finite-element (FEM) program with an orthotropic material model. Flexure tests were conducted to observe when rib/skin interface fractures propagate, and the results were correlated with the FEM-based fracture mechanics model. A laser interferometry technique, electronic shearography was used to monitor crack propagation during the flexure tests. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was used to understand the micromechanical aspects of fracture. Variation of the fiber volume fraction, rib thickness, and the presence of weak shear zones were found to be critical to the failure process. The paper explores the concepts of linear elastic and nonlinear fracture as applicable to these graphite/epoxy composite structures. This study provides the designers and users of the isogrid with a methodology for quantifying structural degradation as a function of the rib/skin disbond. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA. RP Maji, AK (reprint author), USAF, PHILLIPS LAB, VTSC, PL, KIRTLAND AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 EI 1943-7889 J9 J ENG MECH JI J. Eng. Mech. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 123 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1997)123:1(83) PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA VY990 UT WOS:A1997VY99000011 ER PT J AU Greer, JM Palazotto, AN AF Greer, JM Palazotto, AN TI Nonlinear dynamics of simple shell model with chaotic snapping behavior - Closure SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TIME-SERIES; LYAPUNOV C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,ENY,AFIT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. USAF,INST TECHNOL,EN 22,AFIT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Greer, JM (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FIVMA,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD JAN PY 1997 VL 123 IS 1 BP 96 EP 96 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1997)123:1(96.2) PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA VY990 UT WOS:A1997VY99000018 ER PT J AU Enloe, CL Cooke, DL Pakula, WA Violet, MD Hardy, DA Chaplin, CB Kirkwood, RK Tautz, MF Bonito, N Roth, C Courtney, G Davis, VA Mandell, MJ Hastings, DE Shaw, GB Griffin, G Sega, RM AF Enloe, CL Cooke, DL Pakula, WA Violet, MD Hardy, DA Chaplin, CB Kirkwood, RK Tautz, MF Bonito, N Roth, C Courtney, G Davis, VA Mandell, MJ Hastings, DE Shaw, GB Griffin, G Sega, RM TI High-voltage interactions in plasma wakes: Results from the charging hazards and wake studies (CHAWS) flight experiments SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MESOSONIC CONDUCTING BODIES; LOW-ENERGY IONS; AE-C SATELLITE; SPACE-SHUTTLE; IONOSPHERIC SATELLITE; COLLISIONLESS PLASMA; BODY-SIZE; EXPANSION; ORBITER; VICINITY AB Data from the charging hazards and wake studies (CHAWS) flight experiments on board space shuttle missions STS-60 and STS-69, during which a negatively biased, high-voltage (0-5 kV) probe was placed in a plasma wake in low Earth orbit, are presented. For these experiments the source of the wake was the 4-m-diameter Wake Shield Facility (WSF), which was operated both as a free-flying spacecraft and attached to the shuttle orbiter's robot arm. Current collection by the biased probe is investigated as a function of the density and temperature of the ambient plasma and the probe's location in the plasma wake. Current collection behavior is determined by the expansion of the high-voltage sheath into the ambient plasma stream. Consistent with preflight predictions, current collection on the probe is highly nonuniform, varying by more than 5 orders of magnitude across the surface of the probe. The onset of current collection, however, begins at voltages that are an order of magnitude lower than anticipated. This is likely due to the low-energy, turbulent plasma (typically 2-5% of the ambient density and up to 40% on occasion) observed in the ambient environment. This important minority constituent of the plasma was observed in the vicinity of the shuttle Orbiter and observed while the WSF was free-flying. C1 RADEX INC,BEDFORD,MA 01730. PHILLIPS LAB,GEOPHYS DIRECTORATE,BEDFORD,MA 01731. MAXWELL LABS INC,S CUBED DIV,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77058. RP Enloe, CL (reprint author), USAF ACAD,2354 FAIRCHILD DR,SUITE 2A6,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. RI Hastings, Daniel/J-3774-2015 OI Hastings, Daniel/0000-0003-4421-5110 NR 52 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 102 IS A1 BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1029/96JA02931 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WA692 UT WOS:A1997WA69200039 ER PT J AU Spillman, M Ridgely, DB AF Spillman, M Ridgely, DB TI Flight control applications of l(1) optimization SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB The l(1) optimization method is used to handle tracking issues in the design of discrete flight controllers for a single-input/single-output aircraft longitudinal control problem. The l(1) optimization approach is discussed theoretically and on a broad conceptual level. Constraints are developed to handle control deflection and rate limitations, overshoot and undershoot limitations, and steady state error requirements, The effect of each constraint is evaluated with simulations of the aircraft model. A closed-loop model-matching design is also presented, which produces acceptable tracking results with a lower-order controller. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.2514/2.4032 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA WC645 UT WOS:A1997WC64500006 ER PT J AU Howard, RF Slawski, DP Gilula, LA AF Howard, RF Slawski, DP Gilula, LA TI Isolated palmar radiocarpal dislocation and ulnar translocation: A case report and review of the literature SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article RP Howard, RF (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ORTHOPED PSSB,HAND SURG SECT,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 22A IS 1 BP 78 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0363-5023(05)80183-2 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA WE684 UT WOS:A1997WE68400011 PM 9018616 ER PT J AU Keane, MK AF Keane, MK TI Investigations of the nonlocal exchange energy model on a single body of ferromagnetic material SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB In this paper we do computations on a single spherical body of uniaxial ferromagnetic material in a varying applied magnetic field. Our computations are based on a relaxed model with a nonlocal exchange energy. The model is based on Young-measures, but we will make use of recent calculations which indicate that our computations can be based on only the first and second moments. We extend the result of a single uniaxial sphere in a uniform applied magnetic field parallel to the easy direction of magnetization to uniform applied magnetic fields that are skew to the easy direction of magnetization. We show that when the exchange energy is zero, we duplicate the wide range of measured-value minimizers of De Simone's model. As the exchange energy grows, our model stabilizes at the saturated solutions of the Stoner-Wohlfarth model where the measured-valued minimizers are eliminated. RP Keane, MK (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT AF,DEPT MATH SCI,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1 BP 80 EP 89 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA WT370 UT WOS:A1997WT37000007 ER PT J AU Kohn, RH Muenger, EA Goldberg, A Nelson, HW AF Kohn, RH Muenger, EA Goldberg, A Nelson, HW TI The practice of military history in the US government: The Department of Defense SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF ACAD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. RP Kohn, RH (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27515, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 121 EP 147 DI 10.2307/2953917 PG 27 WC History SC History GA WD107 UT WOS:A1997WD10700006 ER PT J AU Winton, HR AF Winton, HR TI Military innovation in the interwar period - Murray,W, Millett,AR SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Winton, HR (reprint author), USAF,SCH ADV AIRPOWER STUDIES,MAXWELL AFB,AL, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 183 EP 184 DI 10.2307/2953946 PG 2 WC History SC History GA WD107 UT WOS:A1997WD10700036 ER PT J AU Muir, M AF Muir, M TI Letters + Response to Colin Gray's comment on Malcolm Muir's review of Gray's The 'Navy in the Post-Cold War World' SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Letter RP Muir, M (reprint author), USAF,AIR WAR COLL,MAXWELL AFB,AL, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 214 EP 215 PG 2 WC History SC History GA WD107 UT WOS:A1997WD10700052 ER PT J AU Copenhaver, WW Puterbaugh, SL Hah, C AF Copenhaver, WW Puterbaugh, SL Hah, C TI Unsteady flow and shock motion in a transonic compressor rotor SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID TIP-CLEARANCE; FAN; STAGE AB The results of an experimental and numerical comparison of the unsteadiness and shock motion that occurs in the tip region within a modern, low-aspect-ratio, high-through-flow, axial-how transonic fan rotor are presented, The unsteadiness studied here is associated with local phenomena within the blade passage and not related to blade row interaction, Unsteady static pressures were measured at the casing over the rotor that operates at a tip relative Mach number of 1.6. An unsteady three-dimensional Navier-Stokes computational study was performed with tip clearance comparable to the test rotor. The fully three-dimensional, unsteady, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations were solved with time steps, each nominally of 2.8 x 10(-5) s in duration or approximately live times blade pass frequency. The results in the clearance gap were retained from the computational solution and compared with the experimental measurements. Both indicated deterministic unsteadiness near the location of the shock, nigh levels of unsteadiness were also measured downstream of the shock in the path of the clearance vortex, but this phenomenon was not predicted by the computation, The unsteadiness near the shock was shown to be a result of movement of the shock. The amplitude and frequency of shock position oscillation was estimated from the results to be about 2% chord and 2 kHz, respectively, Analysis of loss caused by the shock unsteadiness suggested that losses because of shock motion were insignificant relative to the steady shock loss at the relative Mach number studied. C1 NASA, LEWIS RES CTR, INTERNAL FLUID MECH DIV, CLEVELAND, OH 44135 USA. RP Copenhaver, WW (reprint author), USAF, WRIGHT LAB,AEROPROP & POWER DIRECTORATE,POTF, 1950 5TH ST, BLDG 18, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.2514/2.5145 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WC621 UT WOS:A1996WC62100003 ER PT J AU Puterbaugh, SL Brendel, M AF Puterbaugh, SL Brendel, M TI Tip clearance flow-shock interaction in a transonic compressor rotor SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID AXIAL COMPRESSORS AB A combination of experimental, computational, and analytical efforts were used to describe the phenomenological features of the interaction between the tip clearance now and the passage shock in a transonic, axial compressor rotor, Unsteady static pressure was measured at the casing over the rotor, and steady measurements of total pressure and total temperature were made at the rotor exit, A fully three-dimensional, steady, Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics technique was used to obtain a solution to the flowfield at design conditions that compared favorably with the experimental measurements. Finally, a simple model was developed that predicts the kinematic and thermodynamic properties within the pre- and postshock vortex, Analysis of the numerical results revealed a wake-like nature of the vortex both upstream and downstream of the shock, The upstream character was strongly influenced by the injection of mass into the vortex via the clearance how The success of the simplified model's ability to predict the properties of the vortex within the interaction region allows two important conclusions to be drawn, First, the vortical character of the vortex upstream of the shock is not a significant factor in driving the interaction, Second, the interaction between the clearance now and the shock Is fundamentally the result of the change in momentum brought about by the shock-induced pressure rise, The interaction can therefore be viewed as an inviscid phenomenon. C1 UNIV DAYTON, DEPT AEROSP & MECH ENGN, DAYTON, OH 45409 USA. RP Puterbaugh, SL (reprint author), USAF, WRIGHT LAB, AERO PROP & POWER DIRECTORATE, POTF BLDG 18, 1950 5TH ST, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.2514/2.5146 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WC621 UT WOS:A1996WC62100004 ER PT J AU Wu, PK Kirkendall, KA Fuller, RP Nejad, AS AF Wu, PK Kirkendall, KA Fuller, RP Nejad, AS TI Breakup processes of liquid jets in subsonic crossflows SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB The breakup processes of liquid jets injected into subsonic air crossflows were experimentally studied, Test liquids, injector diameters, and air Mach numbers were varied to provide a wide range of jet operation conditions. Results indicate that for larger injection velocity conditions liquid jets penetrate relatively far into the crossflows and exhibit surface breakup processes before the column breaks, Liquid column trajectories were correlated by liquid/air momentum flux ratios based on a force analysis of a cylindrical liquid element subjected to an aerodynamic drag force, Drag coefficients were inferred from the column trajectories and were found to exhibit a weak dependence on liquid viscosity, The heights of the column fracture points were correlated using the time required for an analogous droplet to complete an aerodynamic secondary breakup process, The success of the resulting correlation justifies the assumption that the aerodynamic forces acting on a droplet and those acting on a liquid column have similar effects, This result, combined with the trajectory correlation, leads to the conclusion that the liquid column always breaks at the same streamwise location, in agreement with the present experimental observation. C1 USAF, WRIGHT LAB, AERO PROP & POWER DIRECTORATE, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, PK (reprint author), TAITECH INC, 3675 HARMELING DR, DAYTON, OH 45440 USA. NR 33 TC 138 Z9 150 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.2514/2.5151 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WC621 UT WOS:A1996WC62100009 ER PT J AU Wu, PK Chen, MH Baurle, RA Eakins, WE Chen, TH Nejad, AS AF Wu, PK Chen, MH Baurle, RA Eakins, WE Chen, TH Nejad, AS TI Effects of incorporating a cone swirler into a side-inlet ducted ramrocket SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID DUMP COMBUSTOR; FLOWFIELD C1 USAF, WRIGHT LAB, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, PK (reprint author), TAITECH INC, 3675 HARNELING DR, BEAVERCREEK, OH 45440 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 162 EP 164 DI 10.2514/2.7640 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WC621 UT WOS:A1996WC62100021 ER PT J AU Drakes, JA Pruitt, DW Howard, RP Hornkohl, JO AF Drakes, JA Pruitt, DW Howard, RP Hornkohl, JO TI Spectroscopic investigation of the nonequilibrium excitation of NO(A) hydrocarbon nitrous oxide flames SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; RATE CONSTANTS; NO; LIFETIMES; STATE; FLUORESCENCE; A2-SIGMA+ AB A spectroscopic study of three hydrocarbon-nitrous oxide flames was undertaken to investigate the spectral character of the NO gamma band (A-X) and NO beta band (B-X) emission. A high-resolution (0.5 Angstrom) 1 m spectrometer was used to record emission spectra from fuel rich atmospheric flames in bandpasses corresponding to the NO gamma and beta bands at 230 and 304 nm, respectively, as well as the OH(A-X) band at 306 nm. In addition, a finite rate chemical kinetics model (CHEMKIN) was exercised to provide a baseline for the flame characteristics. It was found that the OH(A) rotational temperature deduced from the spectra was in good agreement with the predicted flame temperature. However, the NO(A) rotational and vibrational temperature exceeded the flame temperature by over 1000 K for all three flames. Surprisingly, no emission from the NO beta system (B-X) was detected. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,INST SPACE,TULLAHOMA,TN 37388. RP Drakes, JA (reprint author), SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389, USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 57 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(96)00115-X PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA WC326 UT WOS:A1997WC32600003 ER PT J AU Tandon, GP Kim, RY Dutton, RE AF Tandon, GP Kim, RY Dutton, RE TI Failure modes in unidirectional composites under transverse loading SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY OCT 18-20, 1995 CL SANTA MONICA, CA SP Amer Soc Composites AB This paper reports on our attempts to demonstrate potential failure modes under combined thermal and transverse loading of unidirectional composites and to validate the predictions of an analytical model through careful design and testing of composite specimens. Several fiber/matrix combinations are being considered with appropriate variations of the fiber-matrix interfacial bond strength and processing conditions. The interfacial bond strength is reduced in one set of specimens by applying a release agent to the surface of the fiber prior to its incorporation in the matrix. Curing is done both at room and at elevated temperature to account for thermal residual stresses induced from the mismatch in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the constituents. The experimental technique including specimen preparation, test procedures and detection of the sequence of failure events is described. The correlation between the experimental and analytical results is fairly reasonable. C1 UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. ADTECH SYST RES INC,DAYTON,OH 45432. NIST,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 1997 VL 16 IS 1 BP 33 EP 49 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA WD097 UT WOS:A1997WD09700004 ER PT J AU Gvishi, R Prasad, PN Reinhardt, BA Bhatt, JC AF Gvishi, R Prasad, PN Reinhardt, BA Bhatt, JC TI Third-order optical nonlinearity studies of p-heptaphenyl derivatives-doped sol-gel processed composite glass and THF solution by degenerate four-wave mixing and optical Kerr gate measurements SO JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonlinear optics; composite glass; degenerate four-wave mixing; optical Kerr gate; optical solids ID 3RD-ORDER NONLINEARITY; ABSORPTION; DYNAMICS AB We have investigated the nonlinear optical performance of new UV photostable dyes, didecyl and didecyloxy substituted para-polyphenyl heptamers (DDPPH and DDOPPH hereafter, respectively) using the techniques of degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) and optical Ken: gate (OKG). The studies were performed on the dyes dissolved in THF solution and doped in sol-gel processed composite-glass, The magnitudes and the signs of the real and the imaginary components of the complex third-order optical susceptibilities were determined by the heterodyned OKG method and compared to the values obtained from concentration dependent homodyne Kerr gate and DFWM measurements. The observed effective second hyperpolarizability gamma values are dependent on the optical intensity and the pulse width of the pumping source beam. Doping of the dyes in composite-glass allows to increase the interaction length providing the prospect of using them as building blocks for photonic devices. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,POLYMER BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. SYSTRAN CORP,DAYTON,OH 45432. RP Gvishi, R (reprint author), SUNY BUFFALO,DEPT CHEM,PHOTON RES LAB,BUFFALO,NY 14260, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-0707 J9 J SOL-GEL SCI TECHN JI J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 2 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1007/BF02439396 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA WT818 UT WOS:A1997WT81800005 ER PT J AU Soldi, JD Hastings, DE Hardy, D Guidice, D Ray, K AF Soldi, JD Hastings, DE Hardy, D Guidice, D Ray, K TI Flight data analysis for the photovoltaic array space power plus diagnostics experiment SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID VOLTAGE SOLAR-ARRAYS; LOW-EARTH-ORBIT; ARCING RATES; DISCHARGES; PLASMA; CELLS AB As power demands continue to increase, spacecraft power systems are being designed to operate at higher voltages. When operating at high negative voltages, however, arcing may occur on the solar cells, generating electromagnetic interference and solar cell damage. Numerical and analytic models have! been developed to simulate the arcing onset process, showing good agreement with experimental data. This simulation was used to predict arcing levels for the conventional geometry solar cells flown on the Photovoltaic Array Space Power (PASP) Plus experiment. Both preflight and postflight simulations showed good agreement with the flight data. The flight data were analyzed to examine correlations between are rates and the various material, environmental, and operational parameters and to validate the theoretical model. Arcing levels were found to depend strongly on bias voltage, with the scalings suggested by the model proving to relate the arcing rates on the different modules accurately. Cell temperature was also verified as being a critical parameter, with high arcing rates seen at low temperatures. As expected from the model, there is a critical temperature, above which no arcing occurs. The ion flux was also seen to affect are rates, as expected. Radiation flux to the arrays, however, did not affect arcing levels, although the data to support this conclusion are limited. Thus, the model was found to predict arcing levels for the cells under varying environmental and operational conditions and to allow data from one module to be accurately scaled to a module with different material and geometric parameters. This simulation could then be used to perform power system or solar cell design trade studies, with much less ground and flight testing needed for verification. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,GEOPHYS DIRECTORATE,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731. RP Soldi, JD (reprint author), MIT,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,77 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. RI Hastings, Daniel/J-3774-2015 OI Hastings, Daniel/0000-0003-4421-5110 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 34 IS 1 BP 92 EP 103 DI 10.2514/2.3177 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WG795 UT WOS:A1997WG79500015 ER PT J AU Kung, P Zhang, X Saxler, A Walker, D Razeghi, M Qian, W Dravid, VP AF Kung, P Zhang, X Saxler, A Walker, D Razeghi, M Qian, W Dravid, VP TI MOCVD growth of high quality GaN-AlGaN based structures on Al2O3 substrates with dislocation density less than 10(7) cm(-2) SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nitrides (JENI 10) CY MAY 29-31, 1996 CL RENNES, FRANCE ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SAPPHIRE; NITRIDE; ALN AB We report the MOCVD growth of high qualify GaN/AlGaN heterostructures on (00.1) sapphire substrates with a density of screw and mixed dislocations less than similar to 10(7) cm(-2). 50 Angstrom-GaN/100 Angstrom-AlGaN superlattices have been grown with atomically sharp interfaces, as determined through high resolution TEM. Published by Elsevier Science Limited. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Robert R Mccormick Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Razeghi, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Dravid, Vinayak/B-6688-2009; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 1997 VL 17 IS 15-16 BP 1781 EP 1785 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(97)00076-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA YR518 UT WOS:000071503300003 ER PT J AU Barlow, DN Kim, YW Florschuetz, LW AF Barlow, DN Kim, YW Florschuetz, LW TI Transient liquid crystal technique for convective heat transfer on rough surfaces SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 05-08, 1995 CL HOUSTON, TX ID HIGH MAINSTREAM TURBULENCE AB The local heat transfer coefficients are obtained on a rough planar surface simulating in-service turbine stator vane sections. A transient experimental technique is presented that permits the determination of local heat transfer coefficients for a rough planar surface using thermochromic liquid crystals. The technique involves the use of a composite test surface in the form of a thin foil of stainless steel with roughness elements laminated over a transparent substrate, Tests are conducted on a splitter plate to provide momentum boundary layer thicknesses to roughness heights appropriate for actual turbine starer vanes. Data are reported for two roughness geometries and two free-stream velocities. The range of Reynolds numbers along with the ratio of average roughness value to momentum thickness matches conditions encountered on the pressure side of the first-stage stator vanes in current high performance turbofan engines. A numerical simulation is conducted to validate the test method. Results for the rough surfaces investigated are compared with an available empirical relationship. C1 ALLIED SIGNAL ENGINES,PHOENIX,AZ. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH & AEROSP ENGN,TEMPE,AZ 85287. RP Barlow, DN (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT AERONAUT,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 1997 VL 119 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA WH342 UT WOS:A1997WH34200003 ER PT J AU Mokulis, J Thompson, I AF Mokulis, J Thompson, I TI Radical prostatectomy: Is the perineal approach more difficult to learn? SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatectomy ID PELVIC LYMPHADENECTOMY; CANCER AB Purpose: We assessed the relative difficulty with which radical perineal and retropubic prostatectomy operations are learned. Materials and Methods: The first 10 radical perineal and retropubic prostatectomies performed by 6 graduating urology residents were reviewed for patient and tumor characteristics, duration of surgery and hospitalization, and complication rates. Results: A total of 120 patients was reviewed. Mean hospital stay was 2.5 days less after radical perineal prostatectomy, and estimated blood loss, number of transfusions and complication rates were also less for this procedure. All parameters used to estimate the outcome of the procedure indicated that radical perineal prostatectomy was learned more quickly than radical retropubic prostatectomy. Conclusions: In a residency training program radical perineal prostatectomy was learned at least as easily as retropubic prostatectomy. Due to expanding indications for this procedure, these findings should encourage urological surgeons to develop their skill with this approach. C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. RP Mokulis, J (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT UROL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236, USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 157 IS 1 BP 230 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65333-3 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA VW915 UT WOS:A1997VW91500070 PM 8976259 ER PT B AU Smith, LD Berg, JM Malas, JC AF Smith, LD Berg, JM Malas, JC BE Biegler, LT Coleman, TF Conn, AR Santosa, FN TI Optimal die shape and ram velocity design for metal forging SO LARGE-SCALE OPTIMIZATION WITH APPLICATIONS, PT I: OPTIMIZATION IN INVERSE PROBLEMS AND DESIGN SE IMA VOLUMES IN MATHEMATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Large-Scale Optimization CY JUL 10-28, 1995 CL UNIV MINNESOTA, INST MATH & ITS APPLICAT, MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Inst Math & Its Applicat HO UNIV MINNESOTA, INST MATH & ITS APPLICAT AB A primary objective in metal forming is designing the geometry of the workpiece and dies in order to achieve a part with a given shape and microstructure. This problem is usually handled by extensive trial and error-using simulations, or test forgings, or both-until an acceptable final result is obtained. The goal of this work is to apply optimization techniques to this problem. Expensive function evaluations make computational efficiency of prime importance. As a practical matter, off-the-shelf software is used for both process modeling and optimization. While this approach makes it possible to put together a working package relatively quickly, it brings several problems of its own. The algorithm is applied to a example of real current interest-the forging of an automobile engine valve from a high performance material-with some success. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, FIGC 3, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, LD (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, FIGC 3, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98286-8 J9 IMA V MATH PY 1997 VL 92 BP 119 EP 133 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BK97B UT WOS:000073966200007 ER PT B AU Scales, DK Schuschereba, ST Lund, DJ Stuck, BE AF Scales, DK Schuschereba, ST Lund, DJ Stuck, BE BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M Katzir, A TI Morphological evaluations of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser injury of human retina SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Ocular Effects - Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment CY FEB 10-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE laser; injury; retina; photoreceptors; neutrophile; human; histology; argon; Nd:YAG AB Depiction of the cellular and immune responses in the human model is critical to design rational therapies preventing/limiting cellular destruction and ultimately functional visual loss following acute laser injuries. We report the light and electron microscopy histologic findings in a controlled ocular human laser exposure. Following informed consent, the normal eye of a patient scheduled to undergo exenteration for invasive carcinoma of the orbit was exposed to both continuous wave and Q-switched lasers. Four hours prior to exenteration, argon G lesions (514 nm, 280mW/100msec) were placed in the superior/temporal quadrant and Nd:YAG lesions (1064 nn, 1.2-2 mJ/20 nsec) were placed in the inferior/temporal quadrant. After enucleation, the retina was prepared for routine light and transmission electron microscopy. Histology of the argon G lesions showed primarily photoreceptor and RPE photocoagulation damage. Neutrophil adhesion was limited within the choroid and no neutrophils were observed in the subretinal space. In contrast, the 4 hr Nd:YAG lesions showed extensive retinal disruption, hemorrhage within subretinal and intraretinal spaces, neutrophil accumulation in the retina, and an extensive neutrophil chemotaxic and emigration response in the choroid. Severe laser injuries elicit a significant neutrophil response by 4 hr, suggesting that neutrophils should be an early stage therapeutic target. RP Scales, DK (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2385-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2974 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.275248 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BH79U UT WOS:A1997BH79U00002 ER PT B AU Scales, DK Zwick, H Lund, DJ Belkin, M Loveday, J AF Scales, DK Zwick, H Lund, DJ Belkin, M Loveday, J BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M Katzir, A TI Macular pigmentary alterations after repeat viewing of argon laser trabeculoplasty SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Ocular Effects - Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment CY FEB 10-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE laser; repetitive exposure; human; contrast sensitivity deficit; nerve fiber layer; scanning laser ophthalmoscopy AB We evaluated retinal morphologic and visual functional changes in two individuals accidentally exposed to argon laser ''flashback'' from an incorrectly placed laser protective filter while viewing a routine argon laser trabeculoplasty. These exposures, measured in the absence of a patient's eye, are in the region of the maximal permissible exposure (MPE). The patients were followed with serial visual function testing, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) and chromatic contrast sensitivity. The first individual received 54 monocular exposures. Acute examination revealed inferior and central Amsler grid abnormalities. These distortions matched the CSLO evidence of pigmentary changes in the corresponding retinal field. Initial contrast sensitivity showed high spatial frequency loss which increased during the ensuing 1.5 months. Chromatic contrast sensitivity revealed high spatial frequency loss for long wavelength test targets (''yellow'') and broad spatial frequency loss with short wavelength targets (''blue''). The second individual received fewer exposures (4-6) bilaterally. Both eyes showed foveal morphologic alterations with non-selective changes in Moreland anomaloscopic matches, indicative of macula edema. We have shown a correlation between ophthalmoscopic and functional measures of spatial vision. Progressive loss in contrast sensitivity and spatial chromatic functional loss were associated with the more severe exposure while minimal changes were observed with fewer exposures. RP Scales, DK (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2385-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2974 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1117/12.275251 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BH79U UT WOS:A1997BH79U00005 ER PT B AU Rockwell, BA Roach, WP Payne, D Kennedy, P Druessel, J Amnotte, R Eilert, B Phillips, S Stolarski, D Noojin, G Cain, C Toth, C AF Rockwell, BA Roach, WP Payne, D Kennedy, P Druessel, J Amnotte, R Eilert, B Phillips, S Stolarski, D Noojin, G Cain, C Toth, C BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M Katzir, A TI Ultrashort laser pulse retinal damage SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Ocular Effects - Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment CY FEB 10-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE eye; laser; nonlinear optics; retinal damage; safety AB Recent studies of retinal damage due to ultrashort laser pulses(2,3) have shown that less energy is required for retinal damage for pulses shorter than one nanosecond. Laser minimum visible lesion (MVL) thresholds for retinal damage from ultrashort (i.e. < 1 ns) laser pulses are produced at lower energies than in the nanosecond (ns) to microsecond (mu s) laser pulse regime. We review the progress made in determining the trends in retinal damage from laser pulses of one nanosecond to one hundred femtoseconds in the visible and near-infrared wavelength regimes. We have determined the most likely damage mechanism(s) operative in this pulse width regime and discuss implications on laser safety standards. RP Rockwell, BA (reprint author), USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,OEOP,8111 18TH ST,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. RI toth, cynthia/F-5614-2011 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2385-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2974 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1117/12.275228 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BH79U UT WOS:A1997BH79U00009 ER PT B AU Potasek, MJ Paul, AE AF Potasek, MJ Paul, AE BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M Katzir, A TI Investigation of nonlinear ocular media using femtosecond laser pulses SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Ocular Effects - Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment CY FEB 10-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USAF, Off Sci Res, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE ultrashort pulses; lasers; self-focusing; dispersion; nonlinear propagation; ocular media AB The recent development of ultrafast laser systems in the visible and near infrared spectral regions requires detailed knowledge of the material properties of ocular media. Different physical mechanisms play competing roles and give rise to new phenomena as the femtosecond laser pulse propagates in ocular media. We investigate the relative importance of radial diffraction and material dispersion for a wide range of wavelengths for femtosecond laser pulse propagation. Because no analytical solution exists which can fully explain the laser-material interaction, we use numerical techniques. The numerical technique will be described in detail. RP Potasek, MJ (reprint author), USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,MATH PROD DIV,2503 GILLINGHAM DR,BLDG 175E,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2385-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2974 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1117/12.275229 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BH79U UT WOS:A1997BH79U00010 ER PT B AU Latham, WP Kar, A AF Latham, WP Kar, A BE Fabbro, R Kar, A Matsunawa, A TI Laser optical quality SO LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, PTS 1 & 2: ICALEO '97 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Materials Processing Conference CY NOV 17-20, 1997 CL CATAMARAN RESORT HOTEL, SAN DIEGO, CA HO CATAMARAN RESORT HOTEL AB The output of a laser is nearly monochromatic and is extremely coherent. Narrow linewidth or long coherence length is the primary operational characteristic of a laser and it allows the laser output beam to be focused to a tiny spot. The optical quality of a laser is a measure of the laser's focusability. This paper discusses various measurable parameters for quantifying the optical quality of lasers. Many industrial laser manufacturers provide some information on optical quality for their lasers. However, a full characterization is necessary after setting up a laser at the users' facility. By defining a simplified set of optical quality parameters, the operational characteristics of all industrial lasers can be better understood. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Latham, WP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-56-0 PY 1997 BP A197 EP A206 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BK84A UT WOS:000073607300022 ER PT B AU Rothenflue, JA Kar, A Carroll, DL Latham, WP AF Rothenflue, JA Kar, A Carroll, DL Latham, WP BE Fabbro, R Kar, A Matsunawa, A TI Measurement of the cutting performance of a high beam quality chemical oxygen-iodine laser on aerospace and industrial materials SO LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, PTS 1 & 2: ICALEO '97 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Materials Processing Conference CY NOV 17-20, 1997 CL CATAMARAN RESORT HOTEL, SAN DIEGO, CA HO CATAMARAN RESORT HOTEL AB Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser (COIL) technology has received considerable interest over the last several years due to its short, fiber-deliverable wavelength (1.315 microns), scalability to high powers (tens of kilowatts, cw), and potentially high beam quality. Unfortunately, materials processing demonstrations to date have been performed with relatively small COILs producing very poor quality beams (M-2 > 100). This paper documents the cutting performance of a higher beam quality COIL. Cut depth and width on a variety of materials is documented as a function of various process parameters. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, Appl Laser Technol Branch PL LIDB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Rothenflue, JA (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, Appl Laser Technol Branch PL LIDB, Bldg 619,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-56-0 PY 1997 BP B54 EP B62 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BK84A UT WOS:000073607300034 ER PT B AU Richmond, R Jewell, D Carr, J Root, J AF Richmond, R Jewell, D Carr, J Root, J BE Kamerman, GW TI US air force ballistic winds program SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology and Applications II CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE coherent laser radar; wind profiling AB The Air Force Wright Laboratory has successfully flown two 2 micron laser radars and is preparing to fly a third. These systems are designed to provide real-time 3-Dimensional maps of the wind fields between the aircraft and the ground. This paper briefly describes these systems and the demonstrated performance of each. Future measurement efforts of this program are also discussed. RP Richmond, R (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AAJT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2480-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3065 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1117/12.280996 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ51D UT WOS:A1997BJ51D00001 ER PT B AU Mosley, DE Matson, CL Czyzak, SR AF Mosley, DE Matson, CL Czyzak, SR BE Kamerman, GW TI Active imaging of space objects using the HI-CLASS (High Performance CO2 ladar surveillance sensor) laser system SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology and Applications II CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The HI-CLASS is a high power, wideband, coherent laser radar for long range detection, tracking, and imaging located at the Maul Space Surveillance Site (MSSS). HI-CLASS will be used to provide high precision metrics as well as information for images of space objects and remote sensing with the same system. The Hi-CLASS system is currently in the final of four phases. During Phase 1, breadboard hardware was built which led to a fully integrated laser radar system at MSSS. During Phase 2, an improved system oscillator and receiver-processor were built and integrated which brought the system capability to 12 Joules at 30 Hz. The Phase 3 system has the addition of a power amplifier to the transmitter which brought the system capability to 30 Joules at 30 Hz. The HI-CLASS system will validate technology and designs required for fielding operational systems since it has the potential to address operational areas of need for increased capability for information about space objects. HI-CLASS will provide high accuracy tracking in position and velocity simultaneously, and by ultimately providing size, shape and orientation information which will help assess adversary capabilities. RP Mosley, DE (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,OPT SENSING DIV,LIMI,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2480-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3065 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1117/12.281036 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ51D UT WOS:A1997BJ51D00006 ER PT B AU Grantham, JW Stargardt, CD Dungey, C Meidunas, E AF Grantham, JW Stargardt, CD Dungey, C Meidunas, E BE Kamerman, GW TI Laser radar in adverse weather SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology and Applications II CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE laser radar; LADAR; laser propagation; adverse weather; dropouts; false returns AB Laser radar images of an outdoor target scene were collected in adverse weather such as rain and fog during the course of one year. Included in this collection is imagery in fogs with visibilities less than 0.2 km and rains with rain rates of up to 180 mm/hr. The targets were small buildings, target panels and a mobile target, all approximately 500 m in distance from the laser radar system. The laser radar system used was a direct-detection 1.06 mu m system designed to operate at 1 km in clear weather. Using these collected images, dropout pixels and false returns were correlated with rain rate and visibility. Dropouts and false returns were found to follow a linear relationship with rain rate and an exponential decreasing relationship with visibility. Empirical equations were developed from least squares fits of the data to predict the dropouts and false returns, given the rain rate and visibility. Finally, fog and rain data from 450 images was combined and correlated into visibility intervals so that one can predict the dropout and false return percentages given a visibility in either fog or rain. RP Grantham, JW (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2480-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3065 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1117/12.280999 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ51D UT WOS:A1997BJ51D00009 ER PT B AU Broome, KW Carstens, AM Hudson, JR Yates, KL AF Broome, KW Carstens, AM Hudson, JR Yates, KL BE Kamerman, GW TI Demonstration of advanced solid state LADAR (DASSL) SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology and Applications II CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE LADAR; DASSL; SSB; autonomous target acquisition AB The Armament Directorate of Wright Laboratory is tasked with pursuing technologies that lead towards autonomous guidance for conventional munitions. Seeker technologies pursued include Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Imaging Infrared ((IR)-R-2), Millimeter Wave (MMW), and Laser Radar seekers. Laser Radar, or LADAR (Laser Detection And Ranging), systems using uncooled diode pumped solid state lasers operating around 1 mu m are active sensors providing high resolution range and intensity imagery. LADAR is not susceptible to variations common to thermal infrared systems, allowing greater simplicity of autonomous target acquisition (ATA) algorithms. Therefore, LADAR sensors combined with advanced algorithms provide robust seeker technology capable of autonomous precision guidance. The Small Smart Bomb (SSB) is a next generation weapon concept requiring this precision guidance. The 250 pound SSB penetrator provides the lethality of 2000 pound penetrators by delivering 50 pounds of high explosive with surgical precision. Space limitations, tightly controlled impact conditions, and high weapon velocities suggest Laser Radar as a candidate seeker. This paper discusses Phase I of the DASSL program in which SSB weapon requirements are flowed down to seeker requirements through a structured system requirements analysis, and discusses how these seeker requirements affect seeker design. RP Broome, KW (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2480-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3065 BP 148 EP 157 DI 10.1117/12.281004 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ51D UT WOS:A1997BJ51D00015 ER PT B AU Richmond, R Stettner, R Bailey, H AF Richmond, R Stettner, R Bailey, H BE Kamerman, GW TI Laser radar focal plane array for three-dimensional imaging (Update) SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology and Applications II CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE laser radar imaging; three-dimensional imaging AB Previous efforts to develop 3-D laser radar (ladar) imagers have required multiple laser pulses and complex stable scanning and timing systems in order to generate images. This paper describes an approach that will enable a complete 3-D ladar image (angle-angle-range) to be captured with a single pulse. Using a unique processor chip that is bump bonded directly behind the detector array, the sensor provides separate independent range finder circuitry for each pixel. The time-of-flight for each pixel is recorded on the chip and the values are then read out serially. This approach allows the range resolution to be determined by the laser pulse width and electronics bandwidth and to be independent of image framing rates. This paper will discuss the status of the imager that is being assembled as well as preliminary results form field demonstrations. The specifications of the demonstration unit are for a 32x32 pixel imager with a resolution of .3x.3x.3 meters (1x1x1 feet). The system is expected to operate at approximately video framing rates (30 frames per second) and the resulting image will be displayed in a false color picture on the processor monitor. RP Richmond, R (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2480-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3065 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1117/12.281009 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ51D UT WOS:A1997BJ51D00019 ER PT B AU Vaidyanathan, M Grayson, TP Hardie, RC Myers, LE McManamon, PF AF Vaidyanathan, M Grayson, TP Hardie, RC Myers, LE McManamon, PF BE Kamerman, GW TI Multispectral laser radar development and target characterization SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology and Applications II CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE multispectral; laser radar; imaging, target identification, optical parametric oscillator, lithium niobate, Bayesian, spectral band selection AB We investigate the phenomenology and modeling for the development of an active multispectral laser radar (LADAR) sensor to image and identify ground targets in the 1 to 5 mu m wavelength region. This sensor will be especially useful in high clutter situations or situations where the target is partially concealed. A continuously tunable optical parametric oscillator (OPO) using a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) nonlinear optical crystal is investigated as a candidate light source for the sensor. A 1 mu m Nd:YAG laser was frequency shifted in PPLN to produce continuously tunable output between 1.35 to 5 mu m wavelengths and signal output energy of up to 3.3 mJ in a 3 ns pulse. A tunable monostatic reflectometer system is fabricated for the measurement of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the LADAR target materials. A method for band selection is formulated and tested using library reflectance spectra. Results of this work will be used for tower based imaging of different targets in cluttered backgrounds at ranges out to 3 km. RP Vaidyanathan, M (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2480-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3065 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.1117/12.281017 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ51D UT WOS:A1997BJ51D00027 ER PT B AU Washburn, DC AF Washburn, DC BE Kamerman, GW TI ABLE ACE - A high altitude propagation experiment SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology and Applications II CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB ABLE ACE was a high-altitude, laser-propagation experiment in which a series of measurements were made of laser propagation between two aircraft flying at 13 to 14 km altitude and at up to 200 km separation. The measurements included a pupil plane scintillation image, an atmospheric tilt sensor, a wavefront sensor, and a differential phase measurement, across a 50 cm aperture. In addition, a small-aperture, high-bandwidth scintillometer and simultaneous aerothermal-probe measurements were made. The purpose of these measurements was to validate wave-optics propagation codes for high-altitude, long horizontal-path propagation, and to better understand what parameters were important to include in the codes. Additionally we sought to directly understand laser propagation characteristics in the regimes of the flights. This paper provides an overview of ABLE ACE. It discusses the sensor suite, the missions, and the code validation methodology as well as the conclusions of the program. RP Washburn, DC (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,LASERS & IMAGING DIRECTORATE,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2480-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3065 BP 296 EP 306 DI 10.1117/12.281021 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ51D UT WOS:A1997BJ51D00031 ER PT B AU Weaver, LD AF Weaver, LD BE Kamerman, GW TI Robust phase measuring interferometer for airborne applications SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology and Applications II CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE airborne laser; atmospheric optics; laser propagation; turbulence strength; phase measuring interferometer AB The U.S. Air Force Phillips Laboratory recently completed an extensive series of flight test experiments to determine the effects of optical turbulence in the 35,000 to 47,000 foot altitude regime. The test series, known as ABLE ACE or Airborne Laser Extended Atmospheric Characterization Experiments, yielded the most precise information on the effects of stratospheric turbulence on laser beam propagation than has ever been previously obtained. The data gathered by this technology program is essential for validating laser beam propagation models and simulation tools used for designing and building the Air Force's Airborne Laser. The high vibration environment of an airborne platform poses a unique requirement for scientific instruments that are designed to yield estimates of image and wavefront quality. This paper describes the primary optical sensor used to gather that data. The instrument is a differential phase measuring interferometer that is also insensitive to local turbulence effects. RP Weaver, LD (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2480-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3065 BP 307 EP 312 DI 10.1117/12.281022 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ51D UT WOS:A1997BJ51D00032 ER PT B AU Masson, B Rennich, B AF Masson, B Rennich, B BE Kamerman, GW TI Airborne aerothermal measurement of C-n(2) in the tropopause SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology and Applications II CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB As a segment of a broader program to assess optical properties of the atmosphere in the viscinity of the tropopause, the refractive index structure constant was measured by an airborne anemometry method. This paper discusses details of the anemometer, its implementation as well as some results. The anemometry method emphasizes turbulence with horizontal scales lying between 6 meters and 60 meters. A subsequent overflight, to be reported elsewhere, of the 50 MHz radar at White Sands Missle Range (WSMR) indicates that the horizontally derived structure constants, C-n(2), are comparable to the vertically derived structure constants obtained from radar. For some flights C-n(2) appears to be log-normal at least in the asymptotic sense, i.e. only for small deviations from the mean. Large deviations are clearly sub log-normal and occur less frequently than would be the case were the structure constant a true log-normal variable. On other flights inhomogeneity was encountered in the sense of an exit from one air mass and entry into a second. This condition resulted in a bimodality of the statistics. On the whole, however, the entire data set collected in part over the far east and in part of the western U.S. also appears to be well approximated by an overall log-normal distribution in spite of the obvious inhomogeneity of the atmospheric masses encountered in the collection. RP Masson, B (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,3550 ABERDEEN AVE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2480-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3065 BP 330 EP 338 DI 10.1117/12.281025 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ51D UT WOS:A1997BJ51D00034 ER PT B AU Butts, RR AF Butts, RR BE Kamerman, GW TI The ABLE-ACE wavefront sensor SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Technology and Applications II CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE atmospheric turbulence; wavefront sensor; structure function; Zernike polynomial; optimal estimator AB A low noise, high resolution Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor was included in the ABLE-ACE instrument suite to obtain direct high resolution phase measurements of the 0.53 mu m pulsed laser beam propagated through high altitude atmospheric turbulence. The wavefront sensor employed a Fried geometry using a lenslet array which provided approximately 17 subapertures across the pupil. The lenslets focused the light in each subaperture onto a 21 x 21 array of pixels in the camera focal plane with 8 pixels across the central lobe of the diffraction limited spot. The goal of the experiment was to measure the effects of the turbulence in the free atmosphere on propagation, but the wavefront sensor also detected the aberrations induced by the aircraft boundary layer and the receiver aircraft internal beam path. Data analysis methods used to extract the desired atmospheric contribution to the phase measurements from the data corrupted by non-atmospheric aberrations are described. Approaches which were used included a reconstruction of the phase as a linear combination of Zernike polynomials coupled with optimal estimators and computation of structure functions of the subaperture slopes. The theoretical basis for the data analysis techniques is presented. Results are described, and comparisons with theory and simulations are shown. Estimates of average turbulence strength along the propagation path from the wavefront sensor showed good agreement with other sensors. The Zernike spectra calculated from the wavefront sensor data were consistent with the standard Kolmogorov model of turbulence. RP Butts, RR (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2480-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3065 BP 339 EP 354 DI 10.1117/12.281026 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ51D UT WOS:A1997BJ51D00035 ER PT B AU Rockwell, BA Hammer, D Kennedy, P Amnotte, R Eilert, B Druessel, J Payne, D Phillips, S Stolarski, D Noojin, G Thomas, R Cain, C AF Rockwell, BA Hammer, D Kennedy, P Amnotte, R Eilert, B Druessel, J Payne, D Phillips, S Stolarski, D Noojin, G Thomas, R Cain, C BE Jacques, SL Katzir, A TI Retinal spot size with wavelength SO LASER-TISSUE INTERACTION VIII, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-Tissue Interaction VIII CY FEB 09-12, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USA Off Sci Res, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE eye; laser; chromatic aberration; retinal damage; safety; retina AB We have made an indirect in-vivo determination of spot size focusing in the rhesus monkey model(1). Measurements of the laser induced breakdown (LIB) threshold both in-vitro and in-vivo allow correlation and assignment of a spot size after focusing through the Living eye. We discuss and analyze the results and show how trends in minimum visible lesion data should be assessed in light of chromatic aberration. National laser safety standards are based on minimal visual lesion (MVL) threshold studies in different animal models. The energy required for a retinal lesion depends upon many parameters including wavelength and retinal spot size. We attempt to explain trends in reported MVL threshold studies using a model of the eye which allows calculation of changes in retinal spot size due to chromatic aberration. RP Rockwell, BA (reprint author), USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,OEOP,8111 18TH ST,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2386-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2975 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1117/12.275470 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ12Q UT WOS:A1997BJ12Q00016 ER PT J AU Puffer, RL AF Puffer, RL TI When dreams came true: The GI Bill and the making of modern America - Bennett,MJ SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Puffer, RL (reprint author), USAF,HIST PROG,EDWARDS AFB,CA 93523, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 122 IS 1 BP 118 EP 118 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA WC742 UT WOS:A1997WC74200210 ER PT B AU Gruneisen, MT Peters, KW Wilkes, JM AF Gruneisen, MT Peters, KW Wilkes, JM BE Khoo, IC TI Compensated imaging by real-time holography with optically addressed liquid-crystal spatial light modulators SO LIQUID CRYSTALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Liquid Crystals Conference CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE aberration compensation; spatial light modulators; holographic recording materials; adaptive optics AB ''Compensated imaging by real-time holography corrects for aberrations in telescope imaging systems and allows scaling to large apertures using lightweight, low-optical-quality primary mirrors. This application leads to unique requirements for optically addressed liquid-crystal spatial light modulators.'' RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,LIMS,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 40 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2565-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3143 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1117/12.290763 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ97Z UT WOS:A1997BJ97Z00018 ER PT B AU Manasreh, MO Missous, M Stead, A Jelen, C Razeghi, M AF Manasreh, MO Missous, M Stead, A Jelen, C Razeghi, M BE Li, SS Liu, HC Tidrow, MZ TI Quantum well infrared photodetectors SO LONG WAVELENGTH INFRARED DETECTORS AND ARRAYS: PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS V SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Long Wavelength Infrared Detectors and Arrays - Physics and Applications at the Joint International Meeting of the ECS/ISE CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Phillips Lab, Air Force Wright Lab, Jet Propulsion Lab AB Infrared detectors based on intersubband transitions in n-type InGaAs/AlGaAs and InGaAs/InP multiple quantum wells are investigated. Samples were grown and tested to cover the spectral ranges of 3 - 13 mu m. Several techniques such as optical absorption, photoluminescence, photoconductivity, and capacitance-voltage measurements were employed to characterize the above structures. Devices were designed and fabricated from selected structures. The dark current and photoresponse were obtained for two devices. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PL, VTMR, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Manasreh, MO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PL, VTMR, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE,Bldg 426, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-186-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 33 BP 69 EP 80 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BK68U UT WOS:000073091700007 ER PT B AU Brown, GJ Taferner, WT Hegde, SM Eyink, KG Szmulowicz, F AF Brown, GJ Taferner, WT Hegde, SM Eyink, KG Szmulowicz, F BE Li, SS Liu, HC Tidrow, MZ TI Characterization and modeling of GaAs/AlGaAs p-type multi-quantum wells for infrared detection at normal incidence SO LONG WAVELENGTH INFRARED DETECTORS AND ARRAYS: PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS V SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Long Wavelength Infrared Detectors and Arrays - Physics and Applications at the Joint International Meeting of the ECS/ISE CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Phillips Lab, Air Force Wright Lab, Jet Propulsion Lab AB For optimum performance, a quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) must be carefully designed and grown to have the selected excited state transition just above the quantum well barrier. This bound-to-continuum (BTC) design allows for a balance between maximizing optical absorption and maintaining good charge carrier transport. The drawback to ETC designs is a sensitivity to small structural changes. For instance, a well width difference of 5 Angstrom can significantly impact the photoresponse of a QWIP. Similarly, a difference in the barrier height, i.e. alloy composition, affects the detector performance. In this paper, we discuss a spectral ellipsometry technique which provides excellent in-situ control of the well width and barrier composition during growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). A comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of various ex-situ heterostructure characterization techniques is also covered. These characterization techniques are applied to determining the optical,electrical and structural properties of p-type GaAs/AlGaAs QWIPs. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-186-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 33 BP 240 EP 253 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BK68U UT WOS:000073091700023 ER PT B AU Cardimona, DA Lee, DS Huang, DH AF Cardimona, DA Lee, DS Huang, DH BE Li, SS Liu, HC Tidrow, MZ TI Infrared signal amplification using field-induced transparency in semiconductor quantum wells SO LONG WAVELENGTH INFRARED DETECTORS AND ARRAYS: PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS V SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Long Wavelength Infrared Detectors and Arrays - Physics and Applications at the Joint International Meeting of the ECS/ISE CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Phillips Lab, Air Force Wright Lab, Jet Propulsion Lab AB Although considerable progress has been made in quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), their relatively low quantum efficiencies constitute their greatest problem for space-based applications. In this paper we will describe our investigations into a concept for amplifying an incoming infrared (IR) signal before sending it into a detector, thereby increasing the overall quantum efficiency of the device. This amplification scheme will be performed within a semiconductor quantum well structure grown in tandem with the QWIP structure. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, VTMR, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cardimona, DA (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, VTMR, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-186-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 33 BP 265 EP 277 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BK68U UT WOS:000073091700025 ER PT S AU Reinhardt, BA Brott, LL Clarson, SJ Kannan, R Dillard, AG AF Reinhardt, BA Brott, LL Clarson, SJ Kannan, R Dillard, AG BE Sutherland, R Pachter, R Hood, P Hagan, D Lewis, K Perry, J TI The design and synthesis of new organic molecules with large two-photon absorption cross-sections for optical limiting applications SO MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL LIMITING II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Optical Limiting II, at 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF, Wright Lab, Def Res Agcy, UK, Sci Applicat Int Corp AB The molecular structure/nonlinear optical (NLO) property relationship is explored with seven recently synthesized chromophores. Two symmetrical compounds were made using electron withdrawing groups separated by an electron rich core while five asymmetrical molecules were developed using electron donating and withdrawing groups coupled by a pi electron bridging group. Pendant chains were added to some of the chromophores to improve processibility. Their syntheses are described and their optical limiting properties discussed. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, MLBP,Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reinhardt, BA (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, MLBP,Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-383-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 479 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BK27B UT WOS:000071653700001 ER PT S AU Tang, NS Su, WJ Cooper, TM McLean, DG Brandelik, DM Sutherland, RL AF Tang, NS Su, WJ Cooper, TM McLean, DG Brandelik, DM Sutherland, RL BE Sutherland, R Pachter, R Hood, P Hagan, D Lewis, K Perry, J TI Nonlinear optical properties of modified carbocyanines SO MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL LIMITING II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Optical Limiting II, at 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF, Wright Lab, Def Res Agcy, UK, Sci Applicat Int Corp AB We studied the optical nonlinearities of modified 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodides (X-DTDCI) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions (X=H, Cl, Br at meso position) by a pump-probe technique with crossed polarized chirped laser pulses at room temperature. Reverse-saturable-absorption (RSA) with monoexponential lifetimes is observed at 532 nm in all the samples studied. We determined the effective excited-state absorption cross-sections and their lifetimes for an the samples investigated and found that they clearly correlate to the substituent X at the meso position. Empowered by the chirped pulses, a much faster nonlinearity with a decay time of similar to 3.1 ps that is much shorter than the laser pulses used, is unveiled in Cl-DTDCI. We expressed both the absorptive and the refractive part of this fast nonlinearity as the equivalent molecular hyperpolarizability gamma(1212) and found gamma(1212) = (81 + i9.8) x 10(-32) erg(-1). C1 USAF, Wright Lab, MLPJ, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tang, NS (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, MLPJ, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-383-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 479 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BK27B UT WOS:000071653700003 ER PT S AU Tang, NS Su, WJ Krein, DM McLean, DG Brant, MC Fleitz, PA Brandelik, DM Sutherland, RL Cooper, TM AF Tang, NS Su, WJ Krein, DM McLean, DG Brant, MC Fleitz, PA Brandelik, DM Sutherland, RL Cooper, TM BE Sutherland, R Pachter, R Hood, P Hagan, D Lewis, K Perry, J TI Optical limiting in modified meso-alkynyl porphyrins SO MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL LIMITING II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Optical Limiting II, at 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF, Wright Lab, Def Res Agcy, UK, Sci Applicat Int Corp AB We characterize the optical properties of modified meso-alkynyl porphyrins by a number of techniques. Our data show that extending the conjugation and incorporating metal in the center of the ring in these molecules serve the objective of tuning the absorption maximum wavelength. We evaluate the optical limiting performance by determining the effective reverse-saturable-absorption (RSA) lifetime and the change in the absorption cross-sections. The ultimate optical limiting performance of these molecules is tested in both picosecond and nanosecond regimes. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, MLPJ, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tang, NS (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, MLPJ, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-383-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 479 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BK27B UT WOS:000071653700007 ER PT S AU De Rosa, ME Su, W Brant, MC McLean, DG AF De Rosa, ME Su, W Brant, MC McLean, DG BE Sutherland, R Pachter, R Hood, P Hagan, D Lewis, K Perry, J TI Elastic polymer guest-host optical limiters SO MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL LIMITING II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Optical Limiting II, at 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF, Wright Lab, Def Res Agcy, UK, Sci Applicat Int Corp AB This paper presents the results of the bulk laser damage performance of undoped epoxy thermosets with glassy and rubbery mechanical properties and two commercial polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) samples. We demonstrate how thermomechanical properties such as glass transition temperature (T-g) and equilibrium shear modulus (G(e)) affect laser damage threshold. The rubbery epoxy elastomer shows a damage threshold fluence one order of magnitude higher than PMMA and 2.5 orders of magnitude higher than a glassy epoxy thermoset. A solid-state guest-host limiter is made by doping the epoxy elastomer with zinc octabromotetraphenylporphyrin (ZnOBP). The limiting performance of the elastomer limiter is compared to a solution of ZnOBP and C-60 in toluene. Photochemical hysteresis effects in the solid limiter were also investigated. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP De Rosa, ME (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-383-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 479 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BK27B UT WOS:000071653700012 ER PT S AU Natarajan, LV Sowards, LA Spangler, CW Tang, N Fleitz, PA Sutherland, RL Cooper, TM AF Natarajan, LV Sowards, LA Spangler, CW Tang, N Fleitz, PA Sutherland, RL Cooper, TM BE Sutherland, R Pachter, R Hood, P Hagan, D Lewis, K Perry, J TI Spectroscopy and nonlinear absorption of alpha,omega-dithienyl polyenes SO MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL LIMITING II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Optical Limiting II, at 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF, Wright Lab, Def Res Agcy, UK, Sci Applicat Int Corp AB The photophysics and nonlinear absorption behaviour of a series of alpha,omega-dithienyl polyenes were studied in chloroform and n-octane solutions. Steady state fluorescence, fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield measurements were made. The fluorescence quantum yields were significantly lower than those of the corresponding alpha,omega-diphenyl polyenes. Among the dithienyl polyenes, 3,3'-substituted polyenes exhibited stronger fluorescence than those of the 2,2'-substituted. Nonlinear optical absorption experiments showed evidence of two photon absorption. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Natarajan, LV (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-383-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 479 BP 135 EP 141 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BK27B UT WOS:000071653700019 ER PT S AU Thomas, MS DeNatale, J Hood, PJ AF Thomas, MS DeNatale, J Hood, PJ BE Sutherland, R Pachter, R Hood, P Hagan, D Lewis, K Perry, J TI High-temperature optical properties of thin-film vanadium oxides - VO2 and V2O3 SO MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL LIMITING II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Optical Limiting II, at 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF, Wright Lab, Def Res Agcy, UK, Sci Applicat Int Corp AB Thin-film vanadium dioxide (VO2) and vanadium sesquioxide (V2O3) undergo shear phase transformations at 340K and 120K, respectively. The electrical and infrared optical properties of these materials are dramatically impacted by this phase transformation. Below the phase transition temperature, both VO2 and V2O3 are "poor" electrical insulators and have minimal absorption in the infrared spectral region. Above the phase transition temperature, both VO2 and V2O3 are poor conductors and are opaque in the infrared. The infrared thermochromic properties of these materials make them interesting candidates for several optical applications. Utilization of either VO2 or V2O3 necessitates an accurate knowledge of the optical properties both above and below the phase transition temperature. This paper reports on some recent infrared ellipsometric measurements an the optical properties of these materials above the transition temperature. These measurements found that both are strongly dispersive through the 3-12 micron spectral region. In addition, the temperature dependence of the optical properties of VO2 above the transition temperature can be related to the film morphology and stoichiometry. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, MLPJ, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thomas, MS (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, MLPJ, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-383-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 479 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BK27B UT WOS:000071653700022 ER PT S AU Guha, S Jessen, G Hood, PJ AF Guha, S Jessen, G Hood, PJ BE Sutherland, R Pachter, R Hood, P Hagan, D Lewis, K Perry, J TI Semiconductor infrared nonlinear optical materials SO MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL LIMITING II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Optical Limiting II, at 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF, Wright Lab, Def Res Agcy, UK, Sci Applicat Int Corp AB Large values of the infrared nonlinearity make semiconductors important in many optical applications. Along with the two-photon absorption coefficient and free-carrier absorption cross-section, the values of the decay rates of the generated charge carriers control the nonlinear optical performance of semiconductors. In this paper, calculations of the limits of the charge carrier decay rates for five infrared materials are provided and some experimental results, performed in the long-wave and the mid-wave infrared wavelengths on three of these materials are presented. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first report of measurement of optical nonlinearity of Hg0.065Cd0.35Te in the 4-5 mu m wavelength range. Comparisons of room temperature and low temperature nonlinear optical behavior of all the materials studied are presented. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, MLPJ, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guha, S (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, MLPJ, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-383-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 479 BP 167 EP 178 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BK27B UT WOS:000071653700023 ER PT S AU Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Neal, RM Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ AF Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Neal, RM Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ BE Sutherland, R Pachter, R Hood, P Hagan, D Lewis, K Perry, J TI Effects of varying surfactants on the electro-optical switching characteristics of volume holograms recorded in PDLC's SO MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL LIMITING II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Optical Limiting II, at 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF, Wright Lab, Def Res Agcy, UK, Sci Applicat Int Corp AB The effects of adding various chemical surfactants to the prepolymer syrup on the electro-optical switching properties of Bragg gratings recorded in polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC's) have been studied. The gratings were holographically recorded in prepolymer recipes substituting hexanoic, heptanoic, propylpentanoic and octanoic acids as surfactants in the recipe. A small percentage of monomer containing an attached long chain alkyl group (vinyl neononanoate) was also used instead of a surfactant. The addition of surfactants resulted in lowering the required switching field from 17 V/mu m with no surfactant to 1.5 to & V/mu m at a concentration of about 6.7% by weight, depending on the surfactant. Field on response times for electrical switching decreased with the addition of surfactant, and off times increased. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tondiglia, VP (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-383-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 479 BP 235 EP 240 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BK27B UT WOS:000071653700031 ER PT S AU Day, PN Wang, Z Pachter, R AF Day, PN Wang, Z Pachter, R BE Sutherland, R Pachter, R Hood, P Hagan, D Lewis, K Perry, J TI Modeling the effects of solvation on the structure and properties of optical limiting materials using ab initio quantum chemistry SO MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL LIMITING II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Optical Limiting II, at 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF, Wright Lab, Def Res Agcy, UK, Sci Applicat Int Corp AB The Effective Fragment Potential (EFP) model of solvation can now be extended beyond aqueous systems due to the development of transferable exchange repulsion potentials. EFPs for methanol and chloroform have been developed, and calculations with these new EFPs agree well with full ab initio calculations. Ab initio calculations have been carried out on zinc tetraphenyl-octobromyl-porphyrin both with and without the EFP solvation model. While the aqueous calculation, which had its geometry optimized, gave good results, the single-point calculations carried out with the two new solvent models indicate the need for geometry optimization. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Day, PN (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-383-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 479 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BK27B UT WOS:000071653700040 ER PT S AU Su, WJ Cooper, TM Tang, NS Krein, D Jiang, H Brandelik, D Fleitz, P Brant, MC McLean, DG AF Su, WJ Cooper, TM Tang, NS Krein, D Jiang, H Brandelik, D Fleitz, P Brant, MC McLean, DG BE Sutherland, R Pachter, R Hood, P Hagan, D Lewis, K Perry, J TI Structure-optical property relationships of porphyrins SO MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL LIMITING II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Optical Limiting II, at 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF, Wright Lab, Def Res Agcy, UK, Sci Applicat Int Corp AB Porphyrins are attractive compounds for optical applications. We have been investigating the relationship between molecular structure and optical properties of a number of porphyrin compounds. Structural variations explored include insertion of metal ions, extension of conjugation, halogenation and formation of multimers. The characterization of these chromophores includes measurement of UV/Vis, fluorescence and fluorescence lifetimes. Furthermore, we have investigated their nonlinear absorption, refraction, excitation dynamics as well as oxidation/reduction behavior. Based on our observations, clear recommendations can be made for the design of optical limiting chromophores. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Su, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, MLPJ, 3005 St Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-383-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 479 BP 313 EP 318 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BK27B UT WOS:000071653700041 ER PT S AU McLean, DG Day, P Wang, ZQ Tang, NS Su, WJ Brandelik, DM Si, JS Pachter, R AF McLean, DG Day, P Wang, ZQ Tang, NS Su, WJ Brandelik, DM Si, JS Pachter, R BE Sutherland, R Pachter, R Hood, P Hagan, D Lewis, K Perry, J TI Semi-empirical calculations and measurements of modified carbocyanines optical properties SO MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL LIMITING II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Optical Limiting II, at 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF, Wright Lab, Def Res Agcy, UK, Sci Applicat Int Corp AB We report semi-empirical calculations of modified 3,3'-diethylthiacyanine iodide (DTC1), 3,3'-diethylthiacarbocyanine iodide (DTC3) and 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (DTC5), particularly with halogen substitution at the meso position in the polymethine bridge. Primarily we investigate geometrical changes and infer spectral trends from the molecular orbital levels. The semi-empirical calculations for the unsubstituted DTC3 agree well with an ab initio Hartree-Fock result. In all molecules multiple conformations are examined. Significant changes in dipole moments are noted between the cis and trans forms. Calculated electronic spectra at the CI singles level are compared to the measured spectra with reasonable agreement. Halogenation effects show a rotation of the benzthiazole groups out of planarity. We draw conclusions about consequent effects on solubility and excited state spectral changes. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McLean, DG (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-383-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 479 BP 319 EP 324 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BK27B UT WOS:000071653700042 ER PT S AU Wang, ZQ Day, P Pachter, R McLean, DG AF Wang, ZQ Day, P Pachter, R McLean, DG BE Sutherland, R Pachter, R Hood, P Hagan, D Lewis, K Perry, J TI DFT study of alkynyl porphyrin dimers and brominated tetraphenyl porphyrins SO MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL LIMITING II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Optical Limiting II, at 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF, Wright Lab, Def Res Agcy, UK, Sci Applicat Int Corp AB Geometry optimizations and electronic structure calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) are reported for tetra-acety]ene porphyrins (TAP), their dimers, and octabromotetraphenyl porphyrins (OBP). The acetylene group contributes to the pi-electron conjugation along the porphyrin ring for the HOMO and LUMO, and reduces significantly the HOMO-LUMO gap. The gap is further reduced in dimers. The planar geometry of the TAP dimer has a lower energy than the non-planar one. The geometry of H2OBP is found to be non-planar, and the distortion of porphyrin ring is shown to be closely related to the HOMO-LUMO gap. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, ZQ (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-383-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 479 BP 331 EP 336 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BK27B UT WOS:000071653700044 ER PT S AU Burns, DM Bright, VM AF Burns, DM Bright, VM GP IEEE TI Micro-electro-mechanical variable blaze gratings SO MEMS 97, PROCEEDINGS - IEEE THE TENTH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS: AN INVESTIGATION OF MICRO STRUCTURES, SENSORS, ACTUATORS, MACHINES AND ROBOTS SE PROCEEDINGS: IEEE MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 10th Annual International Workshop on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems CY JAN 26-30, 1997 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, ASME Dynam Syst & Control Div, ASME Micromachine Ctr AB Two types of micro-electro-mechanical variable blaze gratings (VBGs) have been designed, fabricated, and tested. The gratings operate by adjusting the blaze angle of each slat so that the specular reflection of the incident light matches a particular grating diffraction order. The VBG blaze angle is adjustable with either electrostatic or thermal actuators. VBGs direct incident light in discrete directions, and are useful for steering light with beam diameters greater than 1 mm and power intensities greater than one watt. Both electrostatic and thermal VBGs were constructed from gold and polysilicon using a surface micromachining process and tested with a 20 mW continuous wave HeNe laser operating at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. Optical selectivities (the ratio of power in the selected order to power in either of the nonselected adjacent orders) were determined for both electrostatically actuated and thermally actuated VBGs. The drive voltages for both types of gratings were measured for specific blaze angles and selected diffraction orders. RP Burns, DM (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1084-6999 BN 0-7803-3745-X J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 1997 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1109/MEMSYS.1997.581765 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BH55X UT WOS:A1997BH55X00010 ER PT J AU Ravichandran, KS Larsen, JM AF Ravichandran, KS Larsen, JM TI Effects of crack aspect ratio on the behavior of a small surface cracks in fatigue .2. Experiments on a titanium (Ti-8Al) alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC FRACTURE-MECHANICS; LOW-CARBON STEEL; MICROSTRUCTURE; GROWTH; PROPAGATION; LIMITATIONS AB The continuous variations in crack shape or aspect ratio, a/c (a is the crack depth and c is the half-surface length), of small surface cracks, induced by grain boundaries, have been investigated during the fatigue crack growth of small cracks in a titanium (Ti-8Al) alloy. The significance of the aspect ratio variations in explaining the ''anomalous'' small-crack behavior was evaluated. The aspect ratio data were determined from the measurements of crack compliance, made using a laser interferometric system, and the measurements of surface crack length (2c), made using a photomicroscopic system. The variations in aspect ratio were found to be large at small crack sizes of the order of a few grain diameters. The experimental a/c data were compared with the patterns of crack aspect ratio variation, obtained from theoretical, simulations. The simulated data were generated by assuming alternate crack propagation at the surface and at the depth, the details of which are presented in Part I of the study accompanying this article. A good agreement was found between the simulated and the experimentally observed variations. After incorporating the a/c variations in Delta K calculations; the scatter in the growth data of small cracks was significantly reduced and was found to be of the same order as in large cracks. Additionally, it is shown in this study that the conventional methods of analysis of small-crack data, performed with an assumption of a/c = 1, can result in significant errors in Delta K calculation and an increased level of scatter in small-crack growth data. Small cracks also were found to exhibit low closure levels relative to large cracks. The results of the study strongly indicate that characteristics of small cracks, often referred to as anomalous, are due to the assumption of a/c = 1 in situations of large variations in aspect ratio, the use of conventional methods of data analysis, and the lower levels of crack closure found naturally in small cracks. C1 WRIGHT LAB, MAT DIRECTORATE, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP UNIV UTAH, DEPT MET ENGN, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84112 USA. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1007/s11661-997-0091-9 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WF407 UT WOS:A1997WF40700014 ER PT B AU Burns, DM Bright, VM AF Burns, DM Bright, VM BE Motamedi, ME Herzig, HP TI Nonlinear flexures for stable deflection of an electrostatically actuated micromirror SO MICROELECTRONIC STRUCTURES AND MEMS FOR OPTICAL PROCESSING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microelectronic Structures and MEM for Optical Processing III CY SEP 29-30, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, NIST DE MEMS; polysilicon; micromirror AB This paper describes how nonlinear force flexures can be used to increase the stable deflection distance of an electrostatically-operated micromirror. Traditional micromirrors have flexures that provide linear force as a function of deflection. Electrostatic attraction is a nonlinear force, so after a traditional micromirror has deflected one-third of the initial separation distance between the top and bottom electrode, the mirror's position becomes unstable, and the mirror quickly jumps down to the bottom electrode. This phenomenon is called ''snap-through,'' and it has been well-documented, A nonlinear second order flexure has a restorative force that is proportional to the square of the deflection distance. A second order flexure does not exhibit snap-through until the micromirror is deflected one-half the initial separation between the top and bottom electrode. Higher order flexures are capable of traveling a larger distance before snap-through. This paper presents a theoretical simulation of traditional and higher order flexures. Specific nonlinear flexure designs have been constructed and demonstrated. RP Burns, DM (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2658-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3226 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.284560 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ57P UT WOS:A1997BJ57P00013 ER PT B AU Cowan, WD Bright, VM AF Cowan, WD Bright, VM BE Motamedi, ME Herzig, HP TI Vertical thermal actuators for micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems SO MICROELECTRONIC STRUCTURES AND MEMS FOR OPTICAL PROCESSING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microelectronic Structures and MEM for Optical Processing III CY SEP 29-30, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, NIST DE micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS); micro-opto-electro-mechanical (MOEM) systems; actuators; micromirrors AB This paper presents novel micro-opto-electro-mechanical (MOEM) applications employing vertical thermal actuators. The high force and large deflection of backbent vertical thermal actuators are useful in many applications, particularly when a single large deflection is required for device setup. For example, backbending two actuators driven in parallel flips a 250 mu m square mirror to 45 degrees off the substrate. The actuators can then be driven to permit scanning over 45 degrees. In another example, 3 backbent actuators are used to position an electrostatically actuated optical beam steering mirror 10 mu m off the substrate thereby increasing the maximum steering angle by a factor of 5. Critical to applications like these is predictable and repeatable operation of the actuators. The actuators are comprised of a polysilicon cantilever bar mechanically coupled to two expansion arms. If sufficient current is driven through the expansion arms they deform, bowing upward. Upon removal of the drive current the expansion arms shrink, backbending the actuator by pulling the tip of the actuator upward. Test actuators of three different sizes were carefully backbent. After backbending, the deflection of each actuator was measured on an interferometric microscope with +/- 5 nm precision. Although nonlinear, the relationship of backbending deflection to drive power is well behaved, and repeatable. RP Cowan, WD (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,AFIT,ENG,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2658-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3226 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1117/12.284561 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ57P UT WOS:A1997BJ57P00014 ER PT B AU Cowan, WD Bright, VM Dalton, GC AF Cowan, WD Bright, VM Dalton, GC BE Friedrich, CR Umeda, S TI Measuring frequency response of surface-micromachined resonators SO MICROLITHOGRAPHY AND METROLOGY IN MICROMACHINING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual SPIE Conference on Microlithography and Metrology in Micromachining CY SEP 29-30, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, NIST DE micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS); resonators; polysilicon AB Resonator structures offer a unique mechanism for characterizing MEMS materials, but measuring the resonant frequency of microstructures is challenging. In this effort: a network analyzer system was used to electrically characterize surface-micromachined resonator structures in a carefully controlled pressure and temperature environment. A microscope laser interferometer was used to confirm actual device deflections. Cantilever, comb, and piston resonators fabricated in the DARPA-sponsored MUMPs process were extensively tested. Measured resonant frequency results show reasonable agreement with analytic predictions computed using manufacturer measured film thickness and residual material stress. Alternatively the measured resonant frequency data can be used to extract material data. Tuning of resonant frequency with DC bias was also investigated. Because the tested devices vary widely in complexity, from a simple cantilever beam to a comb resonator, the data collected is especially well suited for validation testing of MEMS modeling codes. RP Cowan, WD (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,AFIT,ENG,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2657-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3225 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1117/12.284552 PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BJ57N UT WOS:A1997BJ57N00004 ER PT B AU Cowan, WD Bright, VM Elvin, AA Koester, DA AF Cowan, WD Bright, VM Elvin, AA Koester, DA BE Friedrich, CR Umeda, S TI Modeling of stress-induced curvature in surface-micromachined devices SO MICROLITHOGRAPHY AND METROLOGY IN MICROMACHINING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual SPIE Conference on Microlithography and Metrology in Micromachining CY SEP 29-30, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, NIST DE micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS); micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems; modeling; micromirrors; computer aided design (CAD) AB This paper compares measured to modeled stress-induced curvature of simple piston micromirrors. Two similar flexure-beam micromirror designs were fabricated using the 11th DARPA-supported Multi-User MEMS Processes (MUMPs) run. The test devices vary only in the MUMPs layers used for fabrication. In one case the mirror plate (upper electrode) is the 1.5 mu m thick Poly2 layer. The other mirror design employs stacked Poly1 and Poly2 layers for a total thickness of 3.5 mu m. Both mirror structures are covered with the standard MUMPs metallization of similar to 200 Angstrom of chromium and 0.5 mu m of gold. Curvature of these devices was measured to within +/- 5 nm with a computer controlled microscope laser interferometer system. As intended, the increased thickness of the stacked polysilicon layers reduces the mirror curvature by a factor of 4. The two micromirror designs were modeled using IntelliCAD, a commercial CAD system for MEMS. The basis of analysis was the finite element method. Simulated results using MUMPs II film parameters showed qualitative agreement with measured data, but obvious quantitative differences. Subsequent remeasurement of the metal stress and use of the new value significantly improved model agreement with the measured data. The paper explores the effect of several film parameters on the modeled structures. Implications for MEMS film metrology, and test structures are considered. RP Cowan, WD (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,AFIT,ENG,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2657-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3225 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1117/12.284554 PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BJ57N UT WOS:A1997BJ57N00006 ER PT B AU Butler, JT Bright, VM Saia, RJ Comtois, JH AF Butler, JT Bright, VM Saia, RJ Comtois, JH BE Chau, K French, PJ TI Extension of high density interconnect multichip module technology for MEMS packaging SO MICROMACHINED DEVICES AND COMPONENTS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Micromachined Devices and Components CY SEP 29, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, NIST, Solid State Technol DE micro-electro-mechanical systems; packaging; chip-on-flex; high density interconnect; multichip modules AB In this paper, we describe research into extending the General Electric (GE) Chip-on-Flex (COF) process for packaging microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). COF is a derivative of the high density interconnect (HDI) used for multichip module packaging of microelectronics. COF is a high performance, low cost multichip packaging technology in which die are encased in a molded plastic substrate and interconnects are made via a thin-film structure formed over the components. For MEMS packaging, the standard COF process has been modified to Include laser ablating windows in the interconnect overlay to allow access to MEMS. Special purpose surface and bulk micromachining test die were developed and packaged with CMOS electronics using the COF process. The COF/MEMS packaging technology is well-suited for applications in which monolithic integration of MEMS and electronics is not optimal. RP Butler, JT (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2656-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3224 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1117/12.284513 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ87J UT WOS:A1997BJ87J00018 ER PT B AU Butler, JT Bright, VM Cowan, WD AF Butler, JT Bright, VM Cowan, WD BE Chau, K French, PJ TI SPICE modeling of polysilicon thermal actuators SO MICROMACHINED DEVICES AND COMPONENTS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Micromachined Devices and Components CY SEP 29, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, NIST, Solid State Technol DE micro-electro-mechanical systems; modeling; actuators AB This paper reports on modeling the behavior of micromachined polysilicon thermal actuators. The thermal actuators used in this research were fabricated using the DARPA-sponsored Multi-User MEMS Processes (MUMPs). Data collected in both air and vacuum demonstrates that thermal actuators can be controlled and positioned using a pulsed input with a period much less than the thermal time constant of the device. Both pulse width and pulse amplitude modulation have been successfully employed to position lateral actuators, lateral actuator arrays, and piston micro-mirrors. In order to better exploit the power averaging characteristics of thermal actuators, SPICE models for polysilicon thermal actuators were developed using relationships between resistance, deflection, and average power. These models incorporate the polysilicon thermal actuator's electrical load and transient characteristics necessary for predicting actuator performance and developing CMOS drive circuits. The SPICE models exhibit good agreement with theory and measured performance of the polysilicon thermal actuators. RP Butler, JT (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2656-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3224 BP 284 EP 293 DI 10.1117/12.284526 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ87J UT WOS:A1997BJ87J00031 ER PT B AU Burns, DM Bright, VM AF Burns, DM Bright, VM BE Chau, K French, PJ TI Design and performance of a double hot arm polysilicon thermal actuator SO MICROMACHINED DEVICES AND COMPONENTS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Micromachined Devices and Components CY SEP 29, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, NIST, Solid State Technol DE MEMS; polysilicon; actuator; motor; mirror AB This paper presents a new polysilicon actuator design. In a typical thermally-driven actuator, the hot arm is thinner than the cold arm, so the electrical resistance of the hot arm is higher. When electric current passes through the device (both the hot and cold arms), the hot arm is heated to a higher temperature than the cold arm. This temperature increase causes the hot arm to expand in length, thus forcing the tip of the device to rotate about a flexure. The new thermal actuator design eliminates the parasitic electrical resistance of the cold arm through the use of an additional hot arm. The second hot arm results in an improvement in electrical efficiency by providing an active return current pass. Also, the rotating cold arm can have a thinner flexure than the flexure in a traditional device because it does not have to pass an electric current. The thinner flexure results in an improvement in mechanical efficiency. This paper compares single and double hot arm thermally-driven actuator designs, and demonstrates various devices constructed with the new thermal actuator design. Deflection and force measurements of both actuators as a function of applied electrical current are presented. RP Burns, DM (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2656-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3224 BP 296 EP 306 DI 10.1117/12.284528 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ87J UT WOS:A1997BJ87J00033 ER PT B AU Bruce, DM AF Bruce, DM BE Chang, SC Pang, SW TI Anneal treatment studies of heavily boron-doped silicon SO MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION PROCESS TECHNOLOGY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology III CY SEP 29-30, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, NIST, Solid State Technol DE boron-doped silicon; post-diffusion anneal; curl in silicon AB An experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of high temperature anneal treatments on the microstructure and curling behavior of heavily boron-doped silicon structures. Cantilever structures were created from p++ boron-diffused silicon wafers. The post-diffusion anneal treatment temperature was varied while the anneal time remained constant. The micromechanical cantilevers were analyzed for curl as a function of the anneal temperature using an optical profiler. Bulk sections from the wafers were analyzed to obtain boron concentration, distribution of lattice constant, and dislocation distribution. Results of the curl measurements revealed that all non-annealed cantilever structures were curled in one direction, and those annealed for 90 minutes above 1100 degrees C were all curled in the other direction, with an apparent transition temperature of about 1050 degrees C. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis confirmed that boron concentration becomes more uniform through the wafer thickness with increasing anneal temperature. X-ray diffraction revealed that the magnitude of the smallest lattice constant present in a wafer increases with increasing anneal temperature, which may allow a compressive stress to develop. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations showed that dislocations move during the anneal process to relieve stresses. RP Bruce, DM (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT MECH ENGN,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2655-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3223 BP 270 EP 275 DI 10.1117/12.284490 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BJ78P UT WOS:A1997BJ78P00032 ER PT S AU McHarg, MG Hampton, DL Nielsen, HC AF McHarg, MG Hampton, DL Nielsen, HC BE Grossmann, KU Riese, M Clemesha, BR TI Design implementation and data analysis of a high speed photometer for auroral observations SO MIDDLE AND UPPER ATMOSPHERES: SMALL SCALE STRUCTURES AND REMOTE SENSING SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT C1-2 and C1-3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission C on Middle and Upper Atmospheres - Small Scale Structures and Remote Sensing, at 31st COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 14-21, 1996 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Comm Space Res, Comm Space Res, Sci Comm Solar Terrestrial Phys AB This paper details the design, implementation, and data analysis techniques used in a high speed photometer. The photometer is used to record auroral intensity with 40 kHz bandwidth. The photometer was designed with this high data rate to investigate the possibility of fluctuations in the auroral intensity at frequencies up through the lower hybrid frequency. This inexpensive design has been in operation for three field seasons at the Poker Flats Optical Observatory in Poker Fiats Alaska. Data storage, handling and analysis are all complicated by the relatively high acquisition speeds. Inexpensive solutions to these problems are detailed and the data analysis procedures for the large data sets are described. Representative results from flickering aurora are presented to show that intensity modulations in the aurora exist at frequencies above those observable with standard TV frame rates. (C) 1997 COSPAR. C1 UNIV ALASKA, INST GEOPHYS, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA. RP McHarg, MG (reprint author), USAF ACAD, DEPT PHYS, 2354 FAIRCHILD DR, SUITE 2A6, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80840 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043104-6 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 685 EP 688 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00164-6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BH89M UT WOS:A1997BH89M00027 ER PT B AU Raines, RA Janoso, RF Gallagher, DM Coulliette, DL AF Raines, RA Janoso, RF Gallagher, DM Coulliette, DL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Simulation of two routing protocols operating in a low earth orbit satellite network environment SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc DE low earth orbit; routing; simulation; Bellman-Ford; darting AB Modern warfare is placing an increasing reliance on global communications. Currently under development are several Low Earth Orbit (LEG) satellite systems that propose to deliver voice and data traffic to subscribers anywhere on the globe. However, very little is known about the performance of conventional routing protocols under orbital conditions where the topology changes in minutes rather than days. This paper compares two routing protocols in a LEO environment. One (Extended Bellman-Ford) is a conventional terrestrial routing protocol, while the other (Darting) is a new protocol which has been proposed as suitable for use in LEO networks. These protocols are compared via computer simulation in two of the proposed LEO systems (Globalstar and Iridium), under various traffic intensities. Comparative measures of packet delay, convergence speed, and protocol overhead are made. It is found that while both protocols have roughly equivalent end-to-end delay characteristics, Darting requires a much higher overhead. Darting also demonstrates higher instability at network update periods. Darting is handicapped by a strong correlation between data traffic and protocol overhead. Modifications to reduce this overhead would result in better performance. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Raines, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 429 EP 433 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900082 ER PT B AU Welch, TB Ziemer, RE AF Welch, TB Ziemer, RE GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI DSSS/MCM system performance in a Doppler spread channel SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB There has been a great deal of recent interest in the use of direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) in combination with multicarrier modulation (MCM). Although the proposed system implementations in the literature vary, all of these systems share the functionality of DSSS, MCM, and some form of a branch combiner at the receiver. We investigate the performance of such a system transmitting through a Doppler spread channel. In Doppler spread fading, the proposed system performance exhibits an irreducible bit error probability (BEP) even for the single user case. Dramatic performance improvements can be realized with the use of an ideal maximal ratio combiner (MRC). A system utilizing an equal gain combiner (EGG) is analyzed. Finally, we compare the analytic results with the results from several computer simulations. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Welch, TB (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 587 EP 591 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900113 ER PT B AU Goldstein, JS Reed, IS AF Goldstein, JS Reed, IS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A new method of Wiener filtering and its application to interference mitigation for communications SO MILCOM 97 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MILCOM 97 - Integrating Military and Commercial Communications for the Next Century CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc AB A new multistage Wiener filter is introduced which utilizes a decomposition based on orthogonal projections. A reduced-rank Wiener filter is developed based on this new structure which is not basis oriented, but evolves a basis which is a function of the multistage decomposition. The performance of this new Wiener filtering structure is evaluated using a comparative computer analysis model. It is demonstrated that the low-complexity multistage reduced-rank Wiener filter is capable of outperforming the more complex eigendecomposition-based methods. C1 USAF, Space Commun Branch, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Goldstein, JS (reprint author), USAF, Space Commun Branch, Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4250-X PY 1997 BP 1087 EP 1091 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK13K UT WOS:000071292900207 ER PT S AU Moritz, JE Shomper, KA AF Moritz, JE Shomper, KA BE Chinni, MJ TI Graphical simulation of a missile endgame scenario SO MILITARY, GOVERNMENT, AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION SE Simulation Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Simulation MultiConference on Military, Government, and Aerospace Simulation CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE modeling and simulation; computer graphics; missile endgame simulation AB Traditionally, computer programs to model and simulate air-to-air missile endgame engagements have focused on improving the underlying probability of kill models. This focus, however, understates the benefits of current computer graphics technology for visualization and direct manipulation of missile endgame parameters and building engagement understanding through three dimensional endgame simulation. Our research has been to develop a versatile simulation system to display the missile endgame parameters and allow graphical interaction with these parameters. This program also allows the user to view animated engagements of previously designed endgames. The current project scope is to provide user feedback of multiple fixed cone fuzes, warhead fragment trajectories, and target damage incurred by warhead detonation given a particular set of missile and target endgame encounter parameters. Our implementation, the AFIT Missile Endgame Simulator (AMES), achieves its goals using a Motif/Inventor graphical user interface to change engagement parameters through both text and data file input and direct object manipulation. It also allows these engagements to be animated over time to help develop intuition about the missile's kill mechanisms interactions with a target. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Virtual Environm 3D Med Imaging & Comp Graph Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Moritz, JE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Virtual Environm 3D Med Imaging & Comp Graph Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jmoritz@afit.af.mil; kshomper@afit.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MODELING SIMULATION INT-SCS PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-120-6 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ03P UT WOS:000086918900007 ER PT S AU Kellett, TR Shomper, KA Lupo, JA AF Kellett, TR Shomper, KA Lupo, JA BE Chinni, MJ TI Molecular articulation in response to interactive atomic forces in docker SO MILITARY, GOVERNMENT, AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Simulation MultiConference on Military, Government, and Aerospace Simulation CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE molecular modeling; molecular dynamics AB Molecular docking aids in the design of materials supporting the current and future needs of the warfighter by simulating the real-world results of combining molecules. Specifically, it supports research and development in novel non-linear optical materials for laser-hardening and other advanced optical applications. Potential uses for these materials range from personnel and optical system laser protection to holographic information displays. DOCKER, our baseline docking system, minimizes the computational overhead of the simulation by modeling the molecules as rigid objects. This simplification can cause DOCKER's solutions to disagree with the real-world results, because molecules flex as they react to one another and to other external influences, such as heat or the presence of a solvent. Our research adds flexibility to the DOCKER model by articulating it in response to the interactive atomic forces. We anticipate this addition will improve the model's predictive capability by improving its overall fidelity. Articulation also provides a basis for other extensions. These extensions include thermal effects and computation of barrier energy along a reaction path. C1 USAF, Virtual Environm 3D Med Imaging & Comp Graph Lab, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kellett, TR (reprint author), USAF, Virtual Environm 3D Med Imaging & Comp Graph Lab, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-120-6 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ03P UT WOS:000086918900021 ER PT S AU Banks, SB Stytz, MR AF Banks, SB Stytz, MR BE Chinni, MJ TI An airbase logistics system for accurately modeling sortie generation within distributed interactive simulations SO MILITARY, GOVERNMENT, AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Simulation MultiConference on Military, Government, and Aerospace Simulation CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int ID ENVIRONMENTS AB This paper describes the Airbase Logistics System (ALS), which was developed to improve the fidelity of military distributed virtual environments (DVEs) by accurately portraying airbase logistics. Because airbase logistics and sortie generation times are not currently modeled within military DVEs, DVE participants tan develop unrealistic expectations about real world aircraft combat operations. Considering the cost of developing a new airbase model, we used an existing constructive airbase logistics model, CWTSAR, as the core of ALS and incorporated ALS into Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) based military DVEs. The Airbase Logistics System is integrated with an object-oriented run-time data repository (the Common Object DataBase (CODB)), the Modular Semi-Autonomous Forces' (ModSAF) network utilities, and the Command and Control Simulation Interface Language (CCSIL) for communication between the ALS and other DIS-compatible systems. Details on the sortie generation capability of ALS and its subsequent interface utilities are presented. Future development plans to overcome shortfalls within ALS are also addressed within this paper. C1 USAF, Artificial Intelligence Lab, Inst Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Banks, SB (reprint author), USAF, Artificial Intelligence Lab, Inst Technol, Washington, DC USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-120-6 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 163 EP 168 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ03P UT WOS:000086918900026 ER PT S AU Stytz, MR Banks, SB Williams, G AF Stytz, MR Banks, SB Williams, G BE Chinni, MJ TI A virtual global positioning broadcast and receiver system for use in military distributed virtual environments SO MILITARY, GOVERNMENT, AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Simulation MultiConference on Military, Government, and Aerospace Simulation CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE virtual environments; distributed interactive simulation; space systems in distributed virtual; environments; Global Positioning System; simulation of space-based systems AB Current military distributed virtual environments (DVEs) do not allow systems to navigate using Global Positioning System (GPS) timing and position signals. To address this deficit we modified the Solar System Modeler (SM) to broadcast virtual GPS timing and position signals and designed and implemented the Virtual Global Positioning System Receiver (VGPSR) unit so that any distributed virtual environment entity can use it to calculate its position within the DVE. In this paper we summarize the algorithms used to compute GPS satellite position and the current ephemeris. We also describe the calculations the VGPSR performs to calculate position using the virtual GPS broadcasts. The system achieves acceptable accuracy, and the VGPSR and virtual GPS satellites in the SM accurately portray the level of accuracy achieved in the real-world GPS. We suggest further research in the development of a virtual GPS for DVEs. C1 USAF, Virtual Environm Lab, Human Comp Interact lab, Inst Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Stytz, MR (reprint author), USAF, Virtual Environm Lab, Human Comp Interact lab, Inst Technol, Washington, DC USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-120-6 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ03P UT WOS:000086918900027 ER PT S AU Banks, SB Stytz, MR Wells, WD AF Banks, SB Stytz, MR Wells, WD BE Chinni, MJ TI Requirements and implementation of multiple modes of collaboration and cooperation within distributed virtual environments SO MILITARY, GOVERNMENT, AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Simulation MultiConference on Military, Government, and Aerospace Simulation CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE virtual environments; distributed interactive simulation; computer supported collaborative work; computer supported collaborative work for virtual environments; distributed cooperative work ID VES AB Our objective was to develop a collaborative workspace that provides the user with a wide range of communication options within a distributed virtual environment (DVE). Our hypothesis for the research reported in this paper was that collaborative tools can be used within a DVE to emulate real-world staff collaborative efforts. To be effective, these tools should allow the individual to communicate using techniques that are analogous to their current modes of work and that support anticipated future modes of work. The paper describes each of the tools for collaborative work that we developed, the rationale for the toolset we selected, the tools' purpose and capabilities, their design, the techniques we use for display of information sent by other users, the software architecture, and the user's interface to the tools. We conclude the paper with suggestions for further work. C1 USAF, Human Comp Interact Lab, Virtual Environm Lab, Inst Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Banks, SB (reprint author), USAF, Human Comp Interact Lab, Virtual Environm Lab, Inst Technol, Washington, DC USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-120-6 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 175 EP 180 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ03P UT WOS:000086918900028 ER PT S AU Stytz, MR Adams, T Banks, SB AF Stytz, MR Adams, T Banks, SB BE Chinni, MJ TI A rapidly reconfigurable photorealistic virtual cockpit SO MILITARY, GOVERNMENT, AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Simulation MultiConference on Military, Government, and Aerospace Simulation CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE virtual environments; distributed interactive simulation; rapid reconfigurability; distributed virtual environments; training systems; virtual cockpits ID ENVIRONMENTS AB This paper describes the system controls, interaction support, aerodynamics model, and the software architecture we designed and implemented for the Rapidly Reconfigurable Photorealistic Virtual Cockpit. We present performance figures for the system, present images of the modeled cockpit interiors, and suggest areas for further research. C1 USAF, Virtual Environm Lab, Human Comp Interact Lab, Inst Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Stytz, MR (reprint author), USAF, Virtual Environm Lab, Human Comp Interact Lab, Inst Technol, Washington, DC USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-120-6 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ03P UT WOS:000086918900033 ER PT S AU Ianni, JD AF Ianni, JD BE Chinni, MJ TI Depth: The development of a maintenance simulation system SO MILITARY, GOVERNMENT, AND AEROSPACE SIMULATION SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Simulation MultiConference on Military, Government, and Aerospace Simulation CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE computer-aided design; industrial engineering; human figure model AB Maintenance simulation facilitates human factors analysis during the design of complex systems. Without physical mockups, human figure models can help to determine if components can be seen, reached, lifted and removed by most maintainers. The U.S. Air Force Armstrong Laboratory (AL) is developing DEPTH (Design Evaluation for Personnel, Training and Human Factors) To make this technology useful in weapon system design. The idea is to simulate cask on virtual mockups - originating fr om computer-aided design (CAD) data - to find an optimal configuration. DEPTH facilitates ergonomics and task (efficiency) analyses, but also provides logistics data and training media. Links to logistics databases will be developed allowing task times, support equipment, experience levels, manpower, and other information to be extracted from the simulation. Animations will be captured for playback on a personal computer for training or electronic technical manuals. Finally, AL is investigating body tracking and head-mounted display equipment allowing users to experience maintenance tasks for more informative analyses. C1 Armstrong Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ianni, JD (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, 2698 G St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-120-6 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 238 EP 243 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ03P UT WOS:000086918900037 ER PT J AU Brodnick, RJ Ree, MJ AF Brodnick, RJ Ree, MJ TI Factorially equivalent test batteries SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JOB-PERFORMANCE; VALIDITY; ASVAB; SAMPLE AB Parallel and alternate test forms have many uses. These tests are designed to be used interchangeably. The first criterion for interchangeable tests is that they measure the same constructs. Multiple forms of a widely used multiple aptitude test battery were investigated using the multiple groups analysis procedures of confirmatory factor analysis. Beginning with the model confirmed by Ree and Carretta (1994), 6 forms of the battery were tested. Total sample size was 15,120. Results show a consistent factor structure across the 6 forms. When compared to the Form 8a prototype, Forms 8b, 9a, and 9b were found to be highly similar, whereas the factor-variable parameter constraints for Forms 10a and 10b showed them to be less similar. Item-ordering effects did not produce inequality in Forms 8 and 9. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. RP Brodnick, RJ (reprint author), SHIPPENSBURG UNIV,DEPT INST RES & PLANNING,1871 OLD MAIN DR,SHIPPENSBURG,PA 17257, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp0903_1 PG 12 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA XF523 UT WOS:A1997XF52300001 ER PT B AU Burns, DM Bright, VM AF Burns, DM Bright, VM BE Motamedi, ME Hornbeck, LJ Pister, KSJ TI Designs to improve polysilicon micromirror surface topology SO MINIATURIZED SYSTEMS WITH MICRO-OPTICS AND MICROMECHANICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Miniaturized Systems with Micro-Optics and Micromechanics II CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE MEMS; micromirror; planarization AB Many applications for surface micromachined micromirrors require optically flat mirror surfaces. Holographic data storage and optical beam steering for display applications need reflective surfaces flee of phase distortion to reduce the signal noise level, minimize cross-talk, and keep the system in focus. Typical micromirror designs may have unintentional embossing on the mirror surface resulting from the top surface conforming to the pattern of underlying layers. The bottom layers may have been shaped to form electrodes to electrostatically move the mirror. The minor surface may also sag as a result of an imbalance between the stresses in the metal layer and the underlying polysilicon layer. This paper presents a study of the surface of a baseline micromirror, and shows the results of applying smart designs to minimize surface topology defects. The micromirrors presented in this paper were fabricated through the Multi-User MEMS Processes (MUMPs) and categorized with an interferometric microscope. RP Burns, DM (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2419-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3008 BP 100 EP 110 DI 10.1117/12.271405 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BH70G UT WOS:A1997BH70G00011 ER PT B AU Aragaki, A Altman, N AF Aragaki, A Altman, N BE Scott, DW TI Local polynomial regression for binary response SO MINING AND MODELING MASSIVE DATA SETS IN SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND BUSINESS WITH A SUBTHEME IN ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS SE COMPUTING SCIENCE AND STATISTICS (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Symposium on the Interface between Computing Science and Statistics CY MAY 14-17, 1997 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Univ Texas M D Anderson Cancer Ctr, Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Public Hlth, W M Keck Ctr Computational Biol DE smoothing; nonparametric regression; logistic regression; bandwidth selection; smoothed cross-validation; plug-in estimator; bootstrap bandwidth selection ID QUASI-LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; KERNEL DENSITY-ESTIMATION; NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION; BANDWIDTH SELECTION AB In this article, we show that local polynomial regression is consistent for binary regression, and is a simpler alternative to generalized smooth models. Bandwidth selection for good small sample performance remains problematic. We show by simulation that "plug-in" estimators do poorly for binary data. However, bootstrap bandwidth selection, although very computer-intensive, appears to work well for binary response. C1 Air Educ & Training Command, Randolph AFB, TX USA. RP Aragaki, A (reprint author), Air Educ & Training Command, Randolph AFB, TX USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERFACE FOUNDATION NORTH AMERICA PI FAIRFAX PA PO BOX 7460, FAIRFAX, VA 22039-7460 USA BN 1-886658-04-8 J9 COMP SCI STAT PY 1997 VL 29 IS 1 BP 467 EP 472 PG 6 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BM60M UT WOS:000079222400116 ER PT B AU Hovey, PW AF Hovey, PW BE Scott, DW TI Air force aging aircraft research programs SO MINING AND MODELING MASSIVE DATA SETS IN SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND BUSINESS WITH A SUBTHEME IN ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS SE COMPUTING SCIENCE AND STATISTICS (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Symposium on the Interface between Computing Science and Statistics CY MAY 14-17, 1997 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Univ Texas M D Anderson Cancer Ctr, Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Public Hlth, W M Keck Ctr Computational Biol AB The current emphasis on reducing the Federal budget has led all Federal agencies to look for ways to reduce spending. In the United States Air Force, one method of economizing is to delay buying new aircraft while extending the useful life of existing aircraft. Developing a plan for using an aircraft longer than the original design life poses a different set of problems that cannot be readily solved using standard deterministic engineering tools. (New aircraft are relatively damage free while aging aircraft have growing fatigue cracks and corrosion.) The Air Force, and other federal agencies, are looking for probabilistic tools to help evaluate life extension programs for aircraft. This paper describes some of the unique engineering problems associated with aging aircraft, some of the data collection efforts that have been implemented to track damage accumulation in aging aircraft, and some of the probabilistic tools that have been developed to help solve these problems using the available data. C1 USAF, Wright Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hovey, PW (reprint author), USAF, Wright Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERFACE FOUNDATION NORTH AMERICA PI FAIRFAX PA PO BOX 7460, FAIRFAX, VA 22039-7460 USA BN 1-886658-04-8 J9 COMP SCI STAT PY 1997 VL 29 IS 1 BP 603 EP 607 PG 5 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BM60M UT WOS:000079222400146 ER PT B AU Banks, SB Stytz, MR AF Banks, SB Stytz, MR BE Faust, NL Illgen, JD TI Accurately simulating aircraft sortie generation within distributed interactive simulations using an airbase logistics model SO MODELING, SIMULATION, AND VISUALIZATION OF SENSORY RESPONSE FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization of Sensory Response for Defense Applications CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE virtual environments; distributed interactive simulation; integrating constructive simulations; logistics simulation; airbase modeling AB This paper describes the development of an accurate airbase sortie generation capability for inclusion within military training distributed virtual environments (DVEs). Current training military DVEs lack appropriate modeling of airbase logistics and, therefore, the corresponding sortie generation model incorrectly portrays an airbase's wartime operational capabilities. As a result, DVE training participants, at both the command and staff level, develop expectations that are not realized in a real world environment and actually receive negative training. The Airbase Logistics System (ALS) provides accurate sortie generation capabilities by the incorporation of an existing constructive airbase logistics model, CWTSAR, into Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) based military training DVEs. The Airbase Logistics System integrates CWTSAR with an object-oriented run-time data repository (the Common Object DataBase (CODB)), the Modular Semi-Autonomous Forces' (ModSAF) network utilities, and the Command and Control Simulation Interface Language (CCSIL) for communication between the ALS and other DIS-campatible systems in the DVE. The paper provides details on the sortie generation capability of ALS and its necessary interface utilities. The planned future development efforts to overcome shortfalls within ALS are also addressed within this paper. C1 USAF,ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB,INST TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Stytz, MR (reprint author), USAF,ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB,INST TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2500-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3085 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1117/12.280979 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ31J UT WOS:A1997BJ31J00014 ER PT B AU Williams, G Stytz, MR Banks, SB AF Williams, G Stytz, MR Banks, SB BE Faust, NL Illgen, JD TI A virtual global positioning system for distributed interactive simulation environments SO MODELING, SIMULATION, AND VISUALIZATION OF SENSORY RESPONSE FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization of Sensory Response for Defense Applications CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE virtual environments; distributed interactive simulation; space systems in distributed virtual environments; Global Positioning System; simulation of space-based systems AB A major shortfall in the fidelity of current military distributed virtual environments (DVEs) is the lack of virtual Global Positioning System (GPS) timing and position signals for entities within the environment. The DVE's usefulness is reduced because positional errors and positional accuracy that would be available in the real world are not present in the DVE. This, in turn, affects the validity of the results of training, analysis, and evaluations involving systems that rely on GPS. The magnitude of the affect depends on the degree that the systems involved in the DVE rely on GPS in the real world. The project reported in this paper addresses this deficit in current military DVEs. The capability we developed to provide a virtual GPS-based navigation capability within a DVE is based upon three components. These components are a complete virtual GPS satellite constellation, a means for broadcasting GPS signals using the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) simulation protocols, and a software system, the Virtual GPS Receiver (VGPSR), to calculate simulation entity position using the virtual GFS time and position signals. The virtual GPS satellites are propagated in their orbits using the Solar System Modeler (SM). The SIM also performs the simulated GPS signal broadcast by transmitting a DIS protocol data unit (PDU) with the data that would appear within a real world GPS satellite broadcast. The VGPSR is a plug-in module available for simulation applications that require virtual GPS navigation. To demonstrate the capability of this system, we used the VGPSR in conjunction with the Virtual Cockpit to simulate virtual weapons deployment. We present the design of the VGPSR and the design of the modules added to the SM for GPS broadcast. We describe the calculations the system performs to calculate position in the virtual environment and we will describe the accuracy and performance the system achieves when calculating virtual environment position using our. system. We conclude with suggestions for further research in this area. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,VIRTUAL ENVIRONM LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20330. RP Stytz, MR (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,VIRTUAL ENVIRONM LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2500-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3085 BP 150 EP 161 DI 10.1117/12.280980 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ31J UT WOS:A1997BJ31J00015 ER PT B AU Stytz, MR Banks, SB Adams, T AF Stytz, MR Banks, SB Adams, T BE Faust, NL Illgen, JD TI Issues and solutions in the development of rapidly reconfigurable immersive human-operated systems for distributed virtual environments SO MODELING, SIMULATION, AND VISUALIZATION OF SENSORY RESPONSE FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization of Sensory Response for Defense Applications CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE virtual environments; distributed interactive simulation; rapid reconfigurability; distributed virtual environments; training systems; virtual cockpits AB Rapidly reconfigurable systems in distributed virtual environments (DVEs) have the promise of reducing development, operational, and training facilities costs for human-operated entities in the DVE. Rapid reconfigurability can reduce costs through reuse of many components of the modeled systems and from the economies of scale achieved by procuring large numbers of identical systems. Our research is intended to develop system requirements and an adaptable software architecture for rapid reconfigurability and, as a spin-off, gauge the limits of rapid reconfigurability supported by current technology. To develop a system in support of rapid reconfigurability among modeled systems, a number of issues must be addressed. These issues include presentation of the controls for the system, support of interaction with the system's controls, physical motion fidelity for all modeled systems, the system software architecture, and achieving correct performance. Because the modeled systems exist in the real world, these issues must be resolved in a way that preserves the training value and fidelity of the modeled systems. We addressed these issues in the context of developing a prototype Rapidly Reconfigurable Photorealistic Virtual Cockpit(VC). The paper describes the system controls, interaction support, aerodynamics model, and software architecture we used to achieve acceptable system fidelity for the Rapidly Reconfigurable Photorealistic Virtual Cockpit. in addition, we document the performance of the current system and suggest avenues for further research. RP Stytz, MR (reprint author), USAF,VIRTUAL ENVIRONM LAB,INST TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2500-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3085 BP 162 EP 172 DI 10.1117/12.280981 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ31J UT WOS:A1997BJ31J00016 ER PT B AU Stytz, MR Banks, SB Garcia, BW GodsellStytz, GM AF Stytz, MR Banks, SB Garcia, BW GodsellStytz, GM BE Faust, NL Illgen, JD TI A distributed virtual environment for emergency medical training SO MODELING, SIMULATION, AND VISUALIZATION OF SENSORY RESPONSE FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization of Sensory Response for Defense Applications CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE virtual environments; distributed interactive simulation; medical virtual environments; medical virtual environments for training AB In many professions where individuals must work in a team in a high stress environment to accomplish a time-critical task, individual and team performance can benefit from joint twining using distributed virtual environments (DVEs). One professional Geld that lacks but needs a high-fidelity team training environment is the field of Emergency Medicine. Currently, Emergency Department (ED) medical. personnel train by using words to create a mental picture of a situation for the physician and staff, who then cooperate to solve the problems portrayed by the word picture. The need in Emergency Medicine for realistic virtual team training is critical because ED staff typically encounter rarely occurring but life threatening situations only once in their careers and because ED teams currently have no realistic environment in which to practice their team skills. The resulting lack of experience and teamwork makes diagnosis and treatment more difficult. Virtual environment based training has the potential to redress these shortfalls. The objective of our research is to develop a state-of-the-art virtual environment for emergency medicine team training. The Virtual Emergency Room (VER) allows ED physicians and medical staff to realistically prepare for emergency medical situations by performing triage, diagnosis, and treatment on virtual patients within an environment that provides them with the tools they require and the team environment they need to realistically perform these three tasks. There are several issues that must be addressed before this vision is realized. The key issues deal with distribution of computations; the doctor and staff interface to the virtual patient and ED equipment; the accurate simulation of individual patient organs' response to injury, medication, and treatment; and an accurate modeling of the symptoms and appearance of the patient while maintaining a real-time interaction capability. Our ongoing work addresses all of these issues. In this paper we report on our prototype VER system and its distributed system architecture for an Emergency Department distributed virtual environment for emergency medical staff training. The virtual environment enables emergency department physicians and staff to develop their diagnostic and treatment skills using the virtual tools they need to perform diagnostic and treatment tasks. Virtual human imagery, and real-time virtual human response are used to create the virtual patient and present a scenario. Patient vital signs are available to the emergency department team as they manage the virtual case. The work reported here consists of the system architectures we developed for the distributed components of the virtual emergency room. The architectures we describe consist of the network level architecture as well as the software architecture for each actor within the virtual emergency room. We describe the role of distributed interactive simulation and other enabling technologies within the virtual emergency roam project. RP Stytz, MR (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,VIRTUAL ENVIRONM LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2500-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3085 BP 174 EP 184 DI 10.1117/12.280982 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ31J UT WOS:A1997BJ31J00017 ER PT B AU Stytz, MR Banks, SB Wells, WD Sheasby, SS AF Stytz, MR Banks, SB Wells, WD Sheasby, SS BE Faust, NL Illgen, JD TI Collaborative workspaces for distributed virtual environments: Issues and implementation results SO MODELING, SIMULATION, AND VISUALIZATION OF SENSORY RESPONSE FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization of Sensory Response for Defense Applications CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE virtual environments; distributed interactive simulation; computer supported collaborative work; computer supported collaborative work for virtual environments AB Within current distributed virtual environments (DVEs) each participant operates in isolation and lacks facilities for moving information to other participants. Therefore, because the information flow is incorrect, the participants are encumbered with unnecessary work and are not prepared to accomplish the tasks they have been trained for in the real world. Our research is directed toward ending this isolation by investigating means for inserting collaborative tools into DVE applications. The research reported in this paper begins the process of identifying the tools and supporting technologies that are required to operate and manage forces effectively within a distributed virtual battlespace and other types of DVEs. Our hypothesis for the research reported in this paper was that collaborative tools can be used within a DVE to emulate real-world staff collaborative efforts. To be effective, these tools should allow the individual to communicate using techniques that are analogous to their current modes of work and that support anticipated future modes of work. The paper describes each of the tools for collaborative work that we developed; the rationale for the toolset we selected; the tools' purpose, capabilities, design, software architecture, and implementation; the techniques we use for display of information sent by other users; and the user's interface to the tools. We conclude the paper with suggestions for further work. RP Stytz, MR (reprint author), USAF,VIRTUAL ENVIRONM LAB,INST TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2500-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3085 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1117/12.280983 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ31J UT WOS:A1997BJ31J00018 ER PT B AU Banks, SB Stytz, MR Santos, E Zurita, VB Benslay, JL AF Banks, SB Stytz, MR Santos, E Zurita, VB Benslay, JL BE Faust, NL Illgen, JD TI Achieving realistic performance and decision-making capabilities in computer-generated air forces SO MODELING, SIMULATION, AND VISUALIZATION OF SENSORY RESPONSE FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization of Sensory Response for Defense Applications CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE virtual environments; distributed interactive simulation; fuzzy logic; computer-generated forces; semiautonomous forces; distributed virtual environments AB For a computer-generated force (CGF) system to be useful in training environments, it must be able to operate at multiple skill levels, exhibit competency at assigned missions, and comply with current doctrine. Because of the rapid rate of change in Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) and the expanding set of performance objectives for any computer-generated force, the system must also be modifiable at reasonable cost and incorporate mechanisms for learning. Therefore, CGF applications must have adaptable decision mechanisms and behaviors and perform automated incorporation of past reasoning and experience into its decision process. The CGF must also possess multiple skill levels for classes of entities, gracefully degrade its reasoning capability in response to system stress, possess an expandable modular knowledge structure, and perform adaptive mission planning. Furthermore, correctly performing individual entity behaviors is not sufficient. Issues related to complex inter-entity behavioral interactions, such as the need to maintain formation and share information, must also be considered. The CGF must also be able to acceptably respond to unforeseen circumstances and be able to make decisions in spite of uncertain information. Because of the need for increased complexity in the virtual battlespace, the CGF should exhibit complex, realistic behavior patterns within the battlespace. To achieve these necessary capabilities, an extensible software architecture, an expandable knowledge base, and an adaptable decision making mechanism are required. Our lab has addressed these issues in detail. The resulting DIS-compliant system is called the Automated Wingman (AW). The AW is based on fuzzy logic, the Common Object DataBase (CODE) software architecture, and a hierarchical knowledge structure. We describe the techniques we used to enable us to make progress toward a CGF entity that satisfies the requirements presented above. We present our design and implementation of an adaptable decision making mechanism that uses multi-layered, fuzzy logic controlled situational analysis. Because our research indicates that fuzzy logic can perform poorly under certain circumstances, we combine fuzzy logic inferencing with adversarial game tree techniques for decision making in strategic and tactical engagements We describe the approach we employed to achieve this fusion. We also describe the Automated Wingman's system architecture and knowledge base architecture. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20330. RP Stytz, MR (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2500-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3085 BP 193 EP 205 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ31J UT WOS:A1997BJ31J00019 ER PT J AU Moroi, DS Zelmon, DE AF Moroi, DS Zelmon, DE TI Theory of second harmonic generation in periodic ferroelectric materials SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Liquid Crystal Conference CY JUN 24-28, 1996 CL KENT STATE UNIV, KENT, OH SP Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent State Univ, Liquid Crystal Inst, Int Liquid Crystal Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Sci & Technol Ctr Adv Liquid Crystalline Opt Mat, Samsung Electr Co Ltd, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Cystaloid Electr, Minolta Ltd, Soc Informat Display, Blake Ind, EM Ind Inc, Instec Inc, Linkam Sci Instruments, ROLIC Ltd, Siemens Energy & Automat Inc, Aerosp Display Syst, McNeil Travel HO KENT STATE UNIV AB Second harmonic generation is investigated in SmC* liquid crystals as an example of periodic ferroelectric materials. The electric field is expanded in a Fourier series having the same periodicity as the ferroelectric material. If the nonlinear dielectric susceptibility is ignored, the Fourier components, or the amplitudes of the electric field in various modes, satisfy a five term vector recursion relation and the solutions are obtained by iteration for small tilt angles. The exact linear solutions are obtained for normal incidence and become identical with those for a cholesteric liquid crystal if the tilt angle becomes 90 degrees. In the lowest order approximation, it is shown that the second harmonic field is given by a product of the linear solution multiplied by the leading term of the Fourier series which is calculated using the slowly varying envelope approximation. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Moroi, DS (reprint author), KENT STATE UNIV,INST LIQUID CRYSTAL,KENT,OH 44242, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1997 VL 299 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1080/10587259708041980 PG 7 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA XZ070 UT WOS:A1997XZ07000015 ER PT J AU Cooper, TM AF Cooper, TM TI Investigations of photochromic polypeptides SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Photochromism CY SEP 08-14, 1996 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP Chroma Chem Inc, Essilor Int, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, PPG Ind Inc, Transit Opt Inc, USAF, Wright Lab ID PHOTORESPONSIVE POLYMERS; BACTERIORHODOPSIN FILMS; AZOBENZENE MOIETIES; POLY(L-LYSINE); PHOTOCONTROL; SPIROPYRAN; PHOTOMODULATION AB Bacteriorhodopsin provides researchers with a vision of the possibilities for an engineered optical material. Photochromic polypeptides are synthetic materials that have similar potential applications as bacteriorhodopsin. The light-induced coil-to-helix conformation change can be used to develop materials having light-induced changes in birefringence. Recent investigations of light-sensitive polypeptides in solution and as thin films give increased knowledge of structure-property relationships. The behavior of bacteriorhodopsin-based optical materials provides a list of materials requirements needed to explore the feasibility of photochromic polypeptide thin film development. Major challenges include decreasing photofatigue, designing films with thermal back reaction half-life in seconds and large light-induced changes in refractive index. RP Cooper, TM (reprint author), MLPJ,WL,WRIGHT LAB,3005 P ST STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1997 VL 297 BP 473 EP 479 PG 7 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA XJ821 UT WOS:A1997XJ82100065 ER PT J AU Natarajan, LV Cooper, TM Stitzel, D AF Natarajan, LV Cooper, TM Stitzel, D TI Photochromic polypeptides: Acceleration of alpha-helix to coil transformation in light adapted poly(L-spiropyran glutamates) by substituent effects SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Photochromism CY SEP 08-14, 1996 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP Chroma Chem Inc, Essilor Int, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, PPG Ind Inc, Transit Opt Inc, USAF, Wright Lab ID CONFORMATION AB The kinetics of the coil to a-helical transformation was studied in light adapted hexafuoroisopropanol solutions of spiropyran covalently attached to poly(l-glutamates), The dark adapted polypeptide had a coil conformation and light adaptation led to ring closure of the merocyanine form with simultaneous conversion into a-helix. By suitable substitution on the pyran ring of the spiropyran, it is possible to accelerate the conformational changes oil the polypeptide hack bone by two orders of magnitude. Half lifes of the order of 90 seconds were obtained for reversible conformational changes. It is interesting to note that the half lifes for the peptide bound spiropyran photochromic reaction and those of helical to coil transition for different substituents, follow the relative rates of the decoloration reaction of the unbound dyes in solution. RP Natarajan, LV (reprint author), MLPJ,WL,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1997 VL 297 BP 481 EP 487 PG 7 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA XJ821 UT WOS:A1997XJ82100066 ER PT S AU Fischer, GL Boyd, RW AF Fischer, GL Boyd, RW BE Shalaev, VM Moskovits, M TI Third-order nonlinear optical properties of selected composites SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS: CLUSTERS, COMPOSITES, AND THIN FILMS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Nanostructured Materials - Clusters, Composites, and Thin Films, at the 213th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 13-17, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Phys Chem ID POWER LIMITER; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; ENHANCEMENT; MODEL AB We describe several experimental studies of the optical properties of composite materials. The enhanced nonlinearities of each system support local field enhancement theories developed for layered and interdispersed composites. This enhancement results from differences in the linear refractive indices between the two constituents. After demonstrating the validity of the technique, composites are next used to eliminate nonlinearities and finally in an optical limiter. The size scale in the composites ranges from Angstrom in the interdispersed composites, to nanometer in the layered and colloidal composites, to sub millimeter in the nonlinear Christiansen filter. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER, INST OPT, ROCHESTER, NY 14627 USA. RP Fischer, GL (reprint author), USAF, RES LAB, HANSCOM AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3536-8 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 679 BP 108 EP 124 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BJ87D UT WOS:A1997BJ87D00009 ER PT B AU Waag, WL Bell, HH AF Waag, WL Bell, HH BE Zsambok, CE Klein, G TI Situation assessment and decision making in skilled fighter pilots SO NATURALISTIC DECISION MAKING SE EXPERTISE: RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Naturalistic Decision Making Conference CY JUN, 1994 CL DAYTON, OH SP Klein Associates Inc, Armstrong Lab, Human Engn Div, USA Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, USA Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Crew Syst Ergon Informat Anal Ctr, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Naval Command, Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, USN, Off Naval Res C1 USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 BN 0-8058-1873-1 J9 EXP RES APPL PY 1997 BP 247 EP 254 PG 8 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA BH21E UT WOS:A1997BH21E00024 ER PT J AU Belue, LM Bauer, KW Ruck, DW AF Belue, LM Bauer, KW Ruck, DW TI Selecting optimal experiments for multiple output multilayer perceptrons SO NEURAL COMPUTATION LA English DT Article AB Where should a researcher conduct experiments to provide training data for a multilayer perceptron? This question is investigated, and a statistical method for selecting optimal experimental design points for multiple output multilayer perceptrons is introduced. Multiple class discrimination problems are examined using a framework in which the multilayer perceptron is viewed as a multivariate nonlinear regression model. Following a Bayesian formulation for the case where the variance-covariance matrix of the responses is unknown, a selection criterion is developed. This criterion is based on the volume of the joint confidence ellipsoid for the weights in a multilayer perceptron. An example is used to demonstrate the superiority of optimally selected design points over randomly chosen points, as well as points chosen in a grid pattern. Simplification of the basic criterion is offered through the use of Hadamard matrices to produce uncorrelated outputs. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Belue, LM (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT OPERAT SCI,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0899-7667 J9 NEURAL COMPUT JI Neural Comput. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 161 EP 183 DI 10.1162/neco.1997.9.1.161 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA WD925 UT WOS:A1997WD92500008 PM 9117897 ER PT J AU Amato, AA McVey, A Cha, C Matthews, EC Jackson, CE Kleingunther, R Worley, L Cornman, E KaganHallet, K AF Amato, AA McVey, A Cha, C Matthews, EC Jackson, CE Kleingunther, R Worley, L Cornman, E KaganHallet, K TI Evaluation of neuromuscular symptoms in veterans of the Persian Gulf War SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID OPERATION DESERT STORM; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PRIMARY FIBROMYALGIA; CREATINE-KINASE; MYASTHENIA-GRAVIS; GENDER GROUPS; MYOPATHY; STIMULATION; DISEASE AB Objective: To comprehensively evaluate complaints of muscle fatigue, weakness, and myalgias in Persian Gulf veterans (PGV). Background: Approximately 700,000 American troops were deployed to the Persian Gulf during Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Upon return from the Gulf, some PGV developed unexplained illnesses, and special referral centers were established for the evaluation of these patients. Among the most common symptoms of these PGV are fatigue, weakness, and myalgias. An Institute of Medicine committee recommended further exploration into the possible etiologies of these complaints. Methods: Twenty PGV with severe muscle fatigue, weakness, or myalgias that interfered with their daily activities were referred for an extensive prospective neuromuscular evaluation. Routine laboratory studies included serum creatine kinase (CK), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thyroid function tests, and exercise forearm tests. All patients received nerve conduction studies (NCS), repetitive nerve stimulation, quantitative and single-fiber electromyography (EMG), and muscle biopsies. Results: Manual muscle strength examinations were normal in all patients. Six patients had mildly elevated CKs (range 223 to 768 IU/l); otherwise, laboratory tests were unremarkable. NCS were normal except in 2 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Quantitative EMGs were normal. One patient had mildly increased jitter on single-fiber EMG. Muscle biopsies demonstrated minor nonspecific abnormalities in 5 patients (i.e., increased central nuclei, rare necrotic fibers, tubular aggregates). Conclusions: Despite severe subjective symptoms, most of our patients had no objective evidence of neuromuscular disease. Mildly increased CKs or nonspecific histologic abnormalities on muscle biopsy were evident in 8 patients but were not believed to be clinically significant in most. We found no evidence of a specific neuromuscular disorder in any patient. Exposures to toxins during the Persian Gulf War were not likely responsible for our patients' symptoms. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT NEUROL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED NEUROL,SAN ANTONIO,TX. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL NEUROPATHOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 65 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JAN PY 1997 VL 48 IS 1 BP 4 EP 12 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WC676 UT WOS:A1997WC67600003 PM 9008485 ER PT S AU Banks, SB Santos, E Stytz, MR AF Banks, SB Santos, E Stytz, MR GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Enhancing behavioral fidelity within distributed virtual environments SO NINTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence CY NOV 03-08, 1997 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm PAMI, Pan Amer Ctr Earth & Environm Studies AB For a computer-generated force (CGF) application to be useful in training environments, it must exhibit complex, realistic behavior within the battlespace. To achieve this level of fidelity, it must operate at multiple skill levels and exhibit competency at assigned missions. CGF applications must also have adaptable decisions mechanisms and behaviors even when operating under uncertainty and the application must learn from past experience. Furthermore, simply correct performance of individual entity behaviors is not sufficient. Issues related to complex inter-entity behavioral interactions, such as the need to maintain formation and share information, must also be considered. To achieve these necessary capabilities, an extensible software architecture, an expandable knowledge base, and an adaptable decision making mechanism are required. Our labs have addressed these issues in the content of the Automated Wingman (AW) project. The AW is based on fuzzy logic, the Common Object DataBase (CODB) software architecture, and hierarchical knowledge structure. Decision making is founded on multi-layered, fuzzy logic controlled situational analyses combined with adversarial game tree techniques. RP Banks, SB (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LAB,VIRTUAL ENVIRONM LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1082-3409 BN 0-8186-8204-3 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 1997 BP 514 EP 521 DI 10.1109/TAI.1997.632298 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BJ93L UT WOS:A1997BJ93L00070 ER PT B AU Hurt, WD AF Hurt, WD BE Hardy, K Meltz, M Glickman, R TI Dosimetry of radiofrequency (RF) fields SO NON-IONIZING RADIATION: AN OVERVIEW OF THE PHYSICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Health-Physics-Society Summer School CY JUN 23-27, 1997 CL UNIV INCARNATE WORD, SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Hlth Phys Soc, S Texas Chapter, Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Environm Radiat Toxicol HO UNIV INCARNATE WORD RP Hurt, WD (reprint author), USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 BN 0-944838-80-4 PY 1997 BP 17 EP 30 PG 14 WC Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Physics, Applied SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Physics GA BJ51K UT WOS:A1997BJ51K00002 ER PT B AU Adair, ER AF Adair, ER BE Hardy, K Meltz, M Glickman, R TI Thermal effects of radiofrequency radiation SO NON-IONIZING RADIATION: AN OVERVIEW OF THE PHYSICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Health-Physics-Society Summer School CY JUN 23-27, 1997 CL UNIV INCARNATE WORD, SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Hlth Phys Soc, S Texas Chapter, Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Environm Radiat Toxicol HO UNIV INCARNATE WORD RP Adair, ER (reprint author), USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 BN 0-944838-80-4 PY 1997 BP 31 EP 49 PG 19 WC Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Physics, Applied SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Physics GA BJ51K UT WOS:A1997BJ51K00003 ER PT B AU Rockwell, BA AF Rockwell, BA BE Hardy, K Meltz, M Glickman, R TI Lasers SO NON-IONIZING RADIATION: AN OVERVIEW OF THE PHYSICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Health-Physics-Society Summer School CY JUN 23-27, 1997 CL UNIV INCARNATE WORD, SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Hlth Phys Soc, S Texas Chapter, Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Environm Radiat Toxicol HO UNIV INCARNATE WORD RP Rockwell, BA (reprint author), USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 BN 0-944838-80-4 PY 1997 BP 51 EP 62 PG 12 WC Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Physics, Applied SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Physics GA BJ51K UT WOS:A1997BJ51K00004 ER PT B AU Cartledge, RM AF Cartledge, RM BE Hardy, K Meltz, M Glickman, R TI Laser eye protection SO NON-IONIZING RADIATION: AN OVERVIEW OF THE PHYSICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Health-Physics-Society Summer School CY JUN 23-27, 1997 CL UNIV INCARNATE WORD, SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Hlth Phys Soc, S Texas Chapter, Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Environm Radiat Toxicol HO UNIV INCARNATE WORD RP Cartledge, RM (reprint author), USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 BN 0-944838-80-4 PY 1997 BP 99 EP 108 PG 10 WC Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Physics, Applied SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Physics GA BJ51K UT WOS:A1997BJ51K00007 ER PT B AU Bowser, CL AF Bowser, CL BE Hardy, K Meltz, M Glickman, R TI MRI safety and planning issues SO NON-IONIZING RADIATION: AN OVERVIEW OF THE PHYSICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Health-Physics-Society Summer School CY JUN 23-27, 1997 CL UNIV INCARNATE WORD, SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Hlth Phys Soc, S Texas Chapter, Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Environm Radiat Toxicol HO UNIV INCARNATE WORD RP Bowser, CL (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 BN 0-944838-80-4 PY 1997 BP 179 EP 195 PG 17 WC Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Physics, Applied SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Physics GA BJ51K UT WOS:A1997BJ51K00013 ER PT B AU Reinhardt, BA Brott, LL Clarson, SJ Kannan, R Dillard, AG AF Reinhardt, BA Brott, LL Clarson, SJ Kannan, R Dillard, AG BE Lawson, CM TI Optical power limiting in solution via two-photon absorption: New aromatic heterocyclic dyes with greatly improved performance SO NONLINEAR OPTICAL LIQUIDS AND POWER LIMITERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optical Liquids and Power Limiters CY JUL 30-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE two-photon absorption; optical power limiting; nonlinear optical materials AB Organic compounds which exhibit optical power limiting exclusively via a two-photon absorption (TPA) mechanism have shown only little promise for providing the limiting activity necessary for the practical protection of eyes and sensors. Unfortunately, there have been few systematic studies of the molecular structure/two-photon absorption property relationships for organics documented in the literature. In order to enable the design and synthesis of new molecules with much larger two-photon absorption cross-sections and improved limiting properties, the synthetic chemist must have access to well defined structure/property data. In an attempt to fill this void, work in our laboratory has centered on the design and synthesis of several new families of aromatic heterocyclic chromophores with systematic variations in their molecular structures. Careful characterization of these new materials in solution at the Photonics Research Laboratory, SUNY Buffalo has produced some well-defined structure/two-photon property relationships at 800 nm. In this presentation we will discuss the design and synthesis of these materials with special emphasis of how the flexibility of the synthetic scheme employed enables the incorporation of these chromophores into a wide variety of materials forms. The characterization of the two-photon properties of these materials and the relationship of these results to their optical limiting behavior in solution will also be reviewed. RP Reinhardt, BA (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,POLYMER BRANCH,MLBP,MAT DIRECTORATE,RES LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2568-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3146 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.279298 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ78Q UT WOS:A1997BJ78Q00001 ER PT B AU Fleitz, PA Sutherland, RL AF Fleitz, PA Sutherland, RL BE Lawson, CM TI Investigating the nonlinear optical properties of molten organic materials SO NONLINEAR OPTICAL LIQUIDS AND POWER LIMITERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optical Liquids and Power Limiters CY JUL 30-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Z-scan; nonlinear absorption; two-photon absorption AB The nonlinear absorption of two substituted thiophene compounds containing benzithiazole units was investigated using the Z-scan technique. The experiments were performed using a Nd:YAG las frequency doubled to 532nm with 24ps laser pulses. The samples were prepared as solutions in and as melts by heating above their melting points into the isotropic liquid phase. Both compounds show strong nonlinear absorption under all conditions. Solutions of these materials show little or no linear absorption at the laser wavelength. However, the melts do show significant linear absorption The nonlinear absorption observed has been analyzed using methods for two-photon absorption an two-photon assisted excited state absorption and two-photon absorption cross-sections are reported. RP Fleitz, PA (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLPJ,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2568-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3146 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1117/12.284165 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ78Q UT WOS:A1997BJ78Q00003 ER PT B AU Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL Fleitz, PA Sowards, LA Spangler, CW AF Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL Fleitz, PA Sowards, LA Spangler, CW BE Lawson, CM TI Photophysics and nonlinear optical behaviour of alpha,omega dithienyl polyenes SO NONLINEAR OPTICAL LIQUIDS AND POWER LIMITERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optical Liquids and Power Limiters CY JUL 30-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE two photon absorption; nonlinear absorption; dithienyl polyenes; optical limiting; fluorescence spectroscopy AB The absorption and emission spectroscopy and nonlinear optical absorption of a series of alpha,omega-dithienyl polyenes were studied in chloroform and n-octane solutions. Dithienyl polyenes containing butyl substituents were also studied. Steady state fluorescence, time resolved emission, fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield measurements were made. The fluorescence quantum yields were significantly lower than those of the corresponding alpha,omega-diphenyl polyenes. Among the dithienyl polyenes, 3,3'-substituted polyenes exhibited stronger fluorescence than those of the 2,2'-substituted. Nonlinear optical absorption experiments showed evidence of two photon absorption. In some polyenes, two photon absorption was followed by excited state absorption. RP Natarajan, LV (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2568-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3146 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1117/12.284166 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ78Q UT WOS:A1997BJ78Q00004 ER PT B AU DeRosa, ME Su, WJ Krein, D Brant, MC McLean, DG AF DeRosa, ME Su, WJ Krein, D Brant, MC McLean, DG BE Lawson, CM TI Guest-host optical limiting elastomers with high laser damage threshold SO NONLINEAR OPTICAL LIQUIDS AND POWER LIMITERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optical Liquids and Power Limiters CY JUL 30-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE elastomer; crosslink; optical limiting; damage threshold; guest-host; nonlinear optics; glass transition temperature; thermomechanical AB We report the results of the laser damage threshold of an undoped optical grade epoxy elastomer and compare its performance to that of an epoxy glassy thermoset and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) thermoplastic. Tests were performed in a tight focus, f/5 geometry, with 7 ns pulses at 532 nm. The elastomer exhibits a damage threshold more than 600 times greater than its glassy thermosetting analog and over 20 times greater than PMMA. We describe the importance that thermomechanical properties have on improving laser damage resistance in organic polymers. Optical limiting experiments are performed with matrices doped with silicon naphthalocyanine and zinc octabromotetraphenyl porphyrin as the chromophores. We demonstrate the advantage of using an elastic matrix to improve the performance of solid-state organic optical limiters. RP DeRosa, ME (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLPJ,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2568-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3146 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1117/12.279301 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ78Q UT WOS:A1997BJ78Q00015 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, BG Keeling, SL AF Fitzpatrick, BG Keeling, SL TI On approximation in total variation penalization for image reconstruction and inverse problems SO NUMERICAL FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article ID ILL-POSED PROBLEMS; REGULARISATION; CONVERGENCE AB In this paper, we examine some theoretical issues associated with the use of total variation based image reconstruction. Our investigations are motivated by problems of inverse interferometry, in which laser light phase shifts are used to reconstruct medium density profiles in how held sensing. The reconstruction problem is posed as a residual minimization with total variation regularization applied to handle the inherent ill-posedness. We consider numerical approximations of these penalized minimal residual problems, and analyze some approximation strategies and their properties. The standard definition of total variation leads to inconsistent approximations, with piecewise constant basis functions, so we consider alternative definitions, which preserve the needed compactness and produce convergent approximations. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res Sci Comp, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, AEDC Grp, Computat & Modeling Branch, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0163-0563 J9 NUMER FUNC ANAL OPT JI Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim. PY 1997 VL 18 IS 9-10 BP 941 EP 958 DI 10.1080/01630569708816802 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA YN114 UT WOS:000071134500005 ER PT B AU Wright, CHG Barrett, SF Ferguson, RD Rylander, HG Welch, AJ AF Wright, CHG Barrett, SF Ferguson, RD Rylander, HG Welch, AJ BE Rol, PO Joos, KM Manns, F Katzir, A TI Hybrid retinal photocoagulation system SO OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGIES VII, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY FEB 08-09, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE retina; photocoagulation; eye tracking; automated surgery AB We describe initial in vivo experimental results of a new hybrid digital and analog design for retinal tracking and laser beam control. An overview of the design is given. The results show in vivo tracking rates which exceed the equivalent of 38 degrees per second in the eye, with automated lesion pattern creation. Robotically-assisted laser surgery to treat conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal breaks may soon be realized under clinical conditions with requisite safety using standard video hardware and inexpensive optical components based on this design. RP Wright, CHG (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT ELECT ENGN,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2382-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2971 BP 106 EP 117 DI 10.1117/12.275101 PG 12 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BH97Z UT WOS:A1997BH97Z00017 ER PT B AU Barrett, SF Wright, CHG Oberg, ED Rockwell, BA Cain, C Rylander, HG Welch, AJ AF Barrett, SF Wright, CHG Oberg, ED Rockwell, BA Cain, C Rylander, HG Welch, AJ BE Rol, PO Joos, KM Manns, F Katzir, A TI Digital imaging-based retinal photocoagulation system SO OPHTHALMIC TECHNOLOGIES VII, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Ophthalmic Technologies CY FEB 08-09, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE retinal surgery; diabetic retinopathy; automated surgery; reflectance; argon laser; retinal tracking AB Researchers at the USAF Academy and the University of Texas are developing a computer-assisted retinal photocoagualtion system for the treatment of retinal disorders (i.e. diabetic retinopathy, retinal tears). Currently, ophthalmologists manually place therapeutic retinal lesions, an acquired technique that is tiring for both the patient and physician. The computer-assisted system under development can rapidly and safely place multiple therapeutic lesions at desired locations on the retina in a matter of seconds. Separate prototype subsystems have been developed to control lesion depth during irradiation and lesion placement to compensate for retinal movement. Both subsystems have been successfully demonstrated in vivo on pigmented rabbits using an argon continuous wave laser, Two different design approaches are being pursued to combine the capabilities of both subsystems: a digital imaging-based system and a hybrid analog-digital system. This paper will focus on progress with the digital imaging-based prototype system. A separate paper on the hybrid analog-digital system, ''Hybrid Retinal Photocoagulation System'', is also presented in this session. RP Barrett, SF (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT ELECT ENGN,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2382-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2971 BP 118 EP 128 DI 10.1117/12.275102 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology; Optics SC Ophthalmology; Optics GA BH97Z UT WOS:A1997BH97Z00018 ER PT J AU Holck, DEE Dutton, JJ DeBacker, C AF Holck, DEE Dutton, JJ DeBacker, C TI Lower eyelid recession combined with ptosis surgery in patients with poor ocular motility SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of American-Academy-of-Ophthalmology CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Acad Ophthalmol ID RETRACTION; GRAFT AB Background: The authors treated ten patients (13 eyelids) with visually significant blepharoptosis and compromised corneal protective mechanisms resulting from paresis of ocular motility and absent Bell phenomenon. Methods: Traditional upper eyelid surgery consisting of frontalis suspension (6 eyelids) or levator aponeurosis advancement (7 eyelids) was used. in all patients, the ptosis repair was combined with maximum recession of the lower eyelid, using a posterior lamellar scleral spacer graft. The goal was to maintain a narrow, vertical, interpalpebral fissure to allow for eyelid closure, but to reposition this opening centrally over the pupil. Results: Postoperatively, all patients achieved significant improvement in superior visual field, with no associated keratopathy. Complications were few, minor, and transient. The postoperative cosmetic appearance was acceptable in ail patients. Conclusions: This combined procedure allows repair of fair- to poor-function ptosis in patients in whom ptosis surgery previously has been considered risky. For the authors, this technique has been proven safe and effective and should be considered in any patient population with compromised corneal protective mechanisms. C1 DUKE UNIV,CTR EYE,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,DURHAM,ENGLAND. RP Holck, DEE (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,PSSE,220 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD JAN PY 1997 VL 104 IS 1 BP 92 EP 95 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WE575 UT WOS:A1997WE57500027 PM 9022110 ER PT S AU Das, GP Yeates, AT Dudis, DS AF Das, GP Yeates, AT Dudis, DS BE Vardeny, ZV Rothberg, LJ TI Charge transport mechanism in transpolyacetylene SO OPTICAL PROBES OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Probes of Conjugated Polymers CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE electronic polymers; charge transfer theory AB Both theoretical and experimental studies in the past have indicated that the charge transport in lightly doped polyacetylene is due primarily to travelling charged solitonic waves along the polymer chain backbone accompanied by hopping from one chain to another. The conductivity in this model is still dictated by a bandgap. The nature of the ground and excited states of the doped system, however, is not fully understood. Previous ab initio calculations on polyenes doped by a single iodine atom have brought out the interesting feature that, while calculations at the Hartree-Fock level lead to the charge-transfer stale as the ground state, a correlated calculation, on the other hand, shows it to be an excited state with the ground state showing little charge transfer. Since, however, only polyiodide anions I-3(-), I-5(-), etc, are found in solution rather than neutral radicals such as I, I-3 etc., inferences based on the calculations employing a single iodine atom are not conclusive. We present here a systematic at, initio study in which the nature of the ground rind excited scales of polyenes, doped with Iodine, are investigated. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Das, GP (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2567-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3145 BP 526 EP 532 DI 10.1117/12.284156 PG 7 WC Optics; Polymer Science SC Optics; Polymer Science GA BK21P UT WOS:000071550000054 ER PT B AU McManamon, PF Watson, EA AF McManamon, PF Watson, EA BE Beiser, L Sagan, SF TI Optical beam steering using phased array technology SO OPTICAL SCANNING SYSTEMS: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Scanning Systems - Design and Applications CY JUL 30-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE optical phased array; optical beam steering; adaptive optics; writeable gratings; liquid crystal spatial light modulators; MEMS spatial light modulators; lenslet beam steering AB Optical phased array technology has the potential to dramatically reduce the cost of pointing, tracking, beam stabilization, focusing, and beam fanouts. Optical phased array technology will also be able to provide an adaptive technology that allows internal optical systems design ''reprogramming'' as well as the traditional beam clean up functions. Flexible optical systems that can be reprogrammed will allow easier upgrade to include new technology or new requirements, a critical need for long life aircraft in a rapidly progressing and changing world. The vision for a final aperture is a simple flat surface similar to a flat panel display that provides random access rapid beam steering and other beam deflection functions. The vision for intermediate optical elements is one of reprogrammability to adapt to future requirements and technology developments. Three major approaches are considered to provide the physical implementation of optical phased array capability. They are liquid crystal writeable grating technology, deformable micro-mirrors, and lenslet arrays. RP McManamon, PF (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AA,BLDG 620,2241 AVION CIRCLE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2553-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3131 BP 90 EP 98 DI 10.1117/12.277742 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ22C UT WOS:A1997BJ22C00010 ER PT B AU Burns, DM Bright, VM Gustafson, SC Watson, EA AF Burns, DM Bright, VM Gustafson, SC Watson, EA BE Beiser, L Sagan, SF TI Optical beam steering using surface micromachined gratings and optical phased arrays SO OPTICAL SCANNING SYSTEMS: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Scanning Systems - Design and Applications CY JUL 30-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE microelectromechanical systems; optics; mirrors; gratings; arrays AB Two categories of optical beam steering micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) were investigated: variable blaze gratings (VBGs) and linear optical phased arrays. All devices were surface micromachined using the Multi-User MEMS Processes (MUMPs). VBGs use an adjustable blaze angle to direct the majority of reflected light into a selectable diffraction order. Diffraction efficiencies greater than 50% were demonstrated. Linear optical phased arrays use a single row of piston micromirrors to create a far-field pattern with a steerable main lobe along one axis. All devices were constructed of polysilicon and gold and were actuated with electrostatic force. Electrostatic actuation provides high speed operation at a very low drive power. These optical beam steering devices discussed in this work are less optically efficient than a single pivoting mirror, but they require no post-fabrication assembly and can handle large beam diameters. Also, the low individual mass of the elements in surface micromachined VBGs and optical phased arrays yields faster system response times than a single macroscaIe pivoting mirror. RP Burns, DM (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2553-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3131 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1117/12.277738 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ22C UT WOS:A1997BJ22C00011 ER PT B AU Butler, JT Bright, VM Reid, JR AF Butler, JT Bright, VM Reid, JR BE Beiser, L Sagan, SF TI Scanning and rotating micromirrors using thermal actuators SO OPTICAL SCANNING SYSTEMS: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Scanning Systems - Design and Applications CY JUL 30-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE micro-electro-mechanical systems; micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems; thermal actuators AB This paper reports on micromachined polysilicon scanning and rotating micromirrors and the development of a CMOS drive system. The micromirrors described in this research were developed at the Air Force Institute of Technology and fabricated using the DARPA-sponsored Multi-User MEMS Processes (MUMPs). The scanning micromirror is connected to the substrate using micro-hinges. This allows the mirror plate to rotate off the substrate surface and lock into a support mechanism. The angle between the scanning mirror and the substrate is modulated by driving the mirror with a thermal actuator array through a range of 20 degrees. For the rotating mirror, the mirror plate is attached to the substrate by three floating substrate hinges connected to a rotating base. Actuator arrays are also used to position the rotating mirror. A computer controlled electrical interface was developed which automates the positioning of both the scanning and rotating mirrors. The low operating voltages of the micromirror positioning mechanisms makes the use of CMOS technology attractive; and the development of a digital interface allows for flexible operation of the devices. These designs are well suited for micro-optical applications such as optical scanners, corner cube reflectors, and optical couplers where electrical positioning of a mirror is desired. RP Butler, JT (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2553-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3131 BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.1117/12.277741 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ22C UT WOS:A1997BJ22C00014 ER PT B AU Cowan, WD Bright, VM AF Cowan, WD Bright, VM BE Beiser, L Sagan, SF TI Thermally actuated piston micromirror arrays SO OPTICAL SCANNING SYSTEMS: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Scanning Systems - Design and Applications CY JUL 30-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE micro-electro-mechanical systems; micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems; actuators; micromirrors AB This paper reports design and characterization testing of thermally actuated piston micromirror arrays. The micromirrors were fabricated in the DARPA-sponsored MUMPs polysilicon surface micromachining process. The power averaging characteristic of thermal actuation is exploited in a novel line addressing scheme which reduces wiring for an n(2) array to 2n wires. Mirror deflections were measured with a microscope laser interferometer system equipped with a vacuum chamber. Data presented includes device uniformity, frequency response, and deflection vs. drive power for varied ambient pressure. Initial test results confirm that thermally actuated piston micromirrors offer several advantages over more common electrostatic designs. Thermally actuated micromirrors offer greater deflections at drive voltages compatible with CMOS circuitry. Measured thermal piston micromirror deflection vs. drive voltage is nonlinear, but does not exhibit the ''snap through instability'' characteristic of electrostatic devices. Operation of thermally actuated devices in rarefied ambient significantly decreases power dissipation. For a given deflection range, the power reduction facilitated by vacuum operation makes larger arrays feasible. Frequency response of thermally actuated devices is limited by the ability of the device to dissipate heat, but operation at 1 kHz rates is feasible. RP Cowan, WD (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,ENG,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2553-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3131 BP 260 EP 271 DI 10.1117/12.277757 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ22C UT WOS:A1997BJ22C00027 ER PT J AU Roggemann, MC Hyde, CA Welsh, BM AF Roggemann, MC Hyde, CA Welsh, BM TI Comparison of Fourier phase spectrum estimation using deconvolution from wavefront sensing and bispectrum reconstruction SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE-OPTICS SYSTEMS; WAVE-FRONT SENSOR; TO-NOISE RATIO; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; TRIPLE-CORRELATION; SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; PERFORMANCE; PATTERNS; LIGHT AB Atmospheric turbulence limits the resolution of astronomical optical imaging systems, Speckle imaging and deconvolution from wavefront sensing (DWFS) are two post-detection image processing methods for overcoming some turbulence effects which do not require adaptive optics. Both speckle imaging and DWFS create estimates of the object irradiance distribution by first estimating the Fourier transform, or spectrum of the object, Previous work has established the signal-to-noise ratio performance for some of the estimators used in both speckle imaging and DWFS. However, the comparative quality of the object spectrum phase estimation provided by these two techniques has not been studied in detail, In this paper we present the results of a simulation study of the comparative Fourier phase estimation errors for speckle imaging using the bispectrum technique, and DWFS, It is shown that even for good wavefront sampling and bright objects DWFS provides Fourier phase spectrum estimation of lower quality than the phase spectrum estimate provided by the bispectrum technique, When the beacon is not bright enough to provide a good signal-to-noise ratio in the wavefront sensor the bispectrum technique provides much better Fourier phase spectrum estimation than DWFS. C1 UNIV DAYTON,CTR ELECTROOPT,DAYTON,OH 45469. USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH ENGN,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Roggemann, MC (reprint author), USAF,GRAD SCH ENGN,DEPT ENGN PHYS,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 133 IS 1-6 BP 381 EP 392 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(96)00261-1 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA VY132 UT WOS:A1997VY13200066 ER PT B AU Duncan, MJ Dayton, D Gonglewski, J AF Duncan, MJ Dayton, D Gonglewski, J BE Devir, AD Kohnle, A Werner, C TI Performance simulation of a low-order adaptive optics experiment SO OPTICS IN ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION, ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS, AND LIDAR TECHNIQUES FOR REMOTE SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Atmospheric Propagation, Adaptive Systems, and Lidar Techniques for Remote Sensing CY SEP 24-26, 1996 CL TAORMINA, ITALY SP CNR, Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, City Taormina, Univ Catania, Dept Bot, Italian Assoc Remote Sensing, European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev DE adaptive optics; speckle imaging; daylight imaging AB Computer simulations are used to demonstrate the feasibility of operating a low-order adaptive optics (LOAO) system for observation of bright low-earth orbiting satellites during daylight hours. The system considered includes speckle post-processing of partially compensated focal plane images. RP Duncan, MJ (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,LIMI,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2360-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2956 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.1117/12.263172 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BH07M UT WOS:A1997BH07M00025 ER PT B AU Schuermeyer, F AF Schuermeyer, F BE Park, YS Ramaswamy, RV TI Optoelectronic pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors SO OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits CY FEB 12-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE photoconduction; photoemission; PHEMT; absorption; interband transitions AB We will present experimental and theoretical results on in-situ photoconduction (PC) and photoemission (PE) studies on fully fabricated pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (PHEMTs). The measurements are performed on wafer and are non-destructive. The monochromatic light is chopped and lock-in amplifier techniques are used to obtain the PC and PE signals. The bandgap and optical transition energies in PHEMTs are smaller than the bandgap of the substrate and backside illumination is feasible. Optical absorption occurs by interband transitions, mainly from heavy hole sub-levels to electron sub-levels. In devices with rectangular quantum wells we observe the selection rule Delta n = 0 where n represents the electron and hole quantum numbers. Consequently, the number of transitions are greatly reduced under these conditions and the lines can be identified easily. The photogenerated charge is amplified by the transistor since the photogenerated holes are stored in the channel area, modifying its threshold voltage. We experimentally observe that the photoconduction is proportional to the transconductance when the measurements are performed in the linear region of the transistor characteristics, i.e. at low drain voltage in agreement with theory. We will evaluate the applicability of PHEMTs as photodetectors in optoelectronic integrated circuits. RP Schuermeyer, F (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AADD,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2417-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3006 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1117/12.264208 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BH15A UT WOS:A1997BH15A00012 ER PT B AU Andersen, G Erbschloe, DR Knize, RJ AF Andersen, G Erbschloe, DR Knize, RJ BE Hatheway, AE TI Holographic microscopes SO OPTOMECHANICAL DESIGN AND PRECISION INSTRUMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechanical Design and Precision Instruments CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE holography; microscopes; holographic optical elements; aberrations; microlithography; micromachining; resolution; focusing AB We demonstrate several new designs of holographic microscopes. These include devices which use simple, low-quality, conventional optics with aberration correction provided by a specifically constructed hologram and other instruments which rely entirely on holographic optical elements. We demonstrate the advantages of these designs which include high numerical apertures, large working distances and large fields of view. All the designs perform as well as, or in most cases better than conventional microscopes and can be constructed for a fraction of the cost. Furthermore, with the Large working distances involved, most of these devices can be used in situations where other types of microscopes are unable to operate. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF ACAD,LASER & OPT RES CTR,2354 FAIRCHILD DR,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2554-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3132 BP 112 EP 119 DI 10.1117/12.279096 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BJ78L UT WOS:A1997BJ78L00012 ER PT J AU Syms, CA House, JW AF Syms, CA House, JW TI Idiopathic Dandy's syndrome SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 16-20, 1995 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID OCULAR REFLEX; OSCILLOPSIA; MECHANISMS AB In 1941 Dandy described patients in whom he had performed bilateral vestibular nerve sections who reported ''jumbling'' objects in their visual fields when in motion and difficulty walking in the dark. We use the term Dandy's syndrome to describe patients with bilateral vestibular loss as the cause of the above symptoms. The caloric response in these patients is either markedly reduced or absent when the cause is in the peripheral vestibular system. This study explored whether differences exist between those patients in whom the cause is known and those patients with no known cause. We reviewed our experience with 105 patients in whom Dandy's syndrome was diagnosed between 1984 and 1994. Information on their presenting symptoms, findings on physical examination, audiometric status, electronystagmographic findings, laboratory test results, symptom outcome, and cause was collected. Patients with known causes (Meniere's disease, ototoxicity, tumors, vascular disease, trauma, heredity, autoimmune disease, infection) were compared as a group with those with no known cause. Of the 105 patients 34 (32%) had no obvious cause for their symptoms despite an extensive evaluation. This group was similar to those with a known cause except for having a greater preponderance of women (68% vs. 41%, p = 0.018) and an increased likelihood to have normal audiogram findings (53% vs. 19%, p = 0.0009). All other variables, including age, duration of and age at onset of symptoms, physical examination, and electronystagmographic findings did not differ significantly between the two groups. Only 28% of patients with known causes and 40% (p < 0.05) of those with idiopathic Dandy's syndrome had improvement of their symptoms, underscoring the problem with rehabilitation, The results of this study are compared with earlier reports from our and other institutions. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. HOUSE EAR CLIN,SAN ANTONIO,TX. HOUSE EAR RES INST,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 116 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(97)70355-3 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA WE761 UT WOS:A1997WE76100015 PM 9018262 ER PT B AU Stright, JR AF Stright, JR BE Shi, H Coffield, PC TI Implementing the generalized matrix product on a systolic array parallel architecture SO PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED METHODS FOR IMAGE PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Parallel and Distributed Methods for Image Processing CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE generalized matrix product; systolic array AB The generalized matrix product includes in its formulation many common array manipulations. It also provides a framework for the expression of a number of important image processing algorithms. It is shown that the generalized matrix product may be implemented in its full generality on systolic array architectures. Two approaches are presented. One approach is to regard the generalized matrix product as a collection of products of small matrices and then consider arrangements of systolic configurations common to the smaller products. A second approach is to embed the two factors of the generalized matrix product in sparse matrices and multiply the sparse matrices using a conventional systolic array. RP Stright, JR (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MNGA,EGLIN AFB,FL 32542, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2588-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3166 BP 149 EP 156 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BJ68M UT WOS:A1997BJ68M00014 ER PT J AU Pierce, BJ Howard, IP AF Pierce, BJ Howard, IP TI Types of size disparity and the perception of surface slant SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL DISPARITIES; DEPTH-PERCEPTION; STEREOPSIS; ANISOTROPIES; CONTRAST; VISION; MODEL AB We examined (i) perceived slant of a textured surface about a vertical axis as a function of disparity magnitude for horizontal-size disparity, vertical-size disparity, and overall-size disparity; and (ii) interactions between patterns with various types and magnitudes of size disparity and superimposed or adjacent zero-disparity stimuli. Horizontal-size disparity produced slant which increased with increasing disparity, was enhanced by superimposed zero-disparity stimuli, and induced contrasting slant in superimposed or adjacent zero-disparity stimuli. Vertical-size disparity produced opposite slant (induced effect) which was reduced to near zero by a superimposed zero-disparity pattern and both patterns appeared as one surface. Adjacent vertical-size-disparity and zero-disparity patterns appeared as separate surfaces with a wide curved boundary. Overall-size disparity produced slant which was enhanced by a superimposed zero-disparity pattern and less so by a zero-disparity line, and induced more slant in a zero-disparity line than in a zero-disparity pattern. The results are discussed in terms of depth underestimation of isolated surfaces, depth enhancement, depth contrast, and the processing of deformation disparity. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85206 USA. York Univ, Ctr Vis Res, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Pierce, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 6001 S Power Rd,Bldg 558, Mesa, AZ 85206 USA. EM ihoward@hpl.ists.ca NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 1997 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1503 EP 1517 DI 10.1068/p261503 PG 15 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA ZE714 UT WOS:000072823200004 PM 9616478 ER PT J AU Evans, DJ Scheltens, FJ Woodhouse, JB Fraser, HL AF Evans, DJ Scheltens, FJ Woodhouse, JB Fraser, HL TI Deformation mechanisms in MoSi2 at temperatures above the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature .1. Polycrystalline MoSi2 SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; COMPOSITES AB The deformation mechanisms above the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature in polycrystalline samples of MoSi2 have been studied. Thus samples have been deformed at 1200, 1400 and 1600 degrees C respectively at a series of strain rates, ranging from 10(-2) to 10(-5) s(-1). Thin foils have been cut from the deformed samples and diffraction contrast experiments have been performed to determine the identity of the dislocations in the deformed microstructure. Crystallographic analyses have been carried out to determine the line direction of defects, and this information, taken together with a knowledge of the Burgers vectors, has been used to assess the degree that slip and climb have occurred during deformation. The microstructural evidence is consistent with glide occurring during deformation at 1200 degrees C at all strain rates, whereas at 1400 degrees C there appears to be an increasing contribution from climb as the strain rate is reduced. At 1600 degrees C, climb appears to be the dominant deformation mechanism at all strain rates. Diffusion data deduced on the basis of the microstructural observations are consistent with other estimates of diffusion coefficients determined for MoSi2. C1 UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC,DAYTON,OH 45432. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP Evans, DJ (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 75 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA WC791 UT WOS:A1997WC79100001 ER PT J AU Evans, DJ Scheltens, FJ Woodhouse, JB Fraser, HL AF Evans, DJ Scheltens, FJ Woodhouse, JB Fraser, HL TI Deformation mechanisms in MoSi2 at temperatures above the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature .2. Single-crystal MoSi2 SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID C11B; SLIP AB The mechanisms which contribute to the plastic deformation of the intermetallic compound MoSi2 have been determined for single-crystal specimens of MoSi2, (Mo0.99Nb0.01)Si-2 and (Mo0.9925Ti0.0075)Si-2 oriented along [13(1) over bar] compressed at 1400 degrees C and at a strain rate of 10(-5) s(-1) in vacuum. The results of compression testing of the three single crystals show significant differences between the yield stress values. For the binary MoSi2 single crystal, the yield stress was found to be 34 MPa, and for the (Mo0.99Nb0.01)Si-2 and (Mo0.9925Ti0.0075)Si-2 crystals values of 79 and 38 MPa respectively were recorded. An apparent violation of Schmid's law was found in deformation of samples of two of the crystals, namely the binary and Ti-containing version. Thus, while in the Nb-containing compound, the expected slip system, 1/2 (111){110}, was activated; this was not the case in the other two compounds. An alternative explanation involves the influence of climb, this being similar to the conclusions drawn in part I for polycrystalline MoSi2. C1 UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC,DAYTON,OH 45432. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP Evans, DJ (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 75 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA WC791 UT WOS:A1997WC79100002 ER PT B AU Singh, A Cardimona, DA AF Singh, A Cardimona, DA BE Brown, GJ Razeghi, M TI Design issues relating to low temperature dark current in quantum well infrared photodetectors SO PHOTODETECTORS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photodetectors - Materials and Devices II CY FEB 12-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy AB Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIPs) have emerged as a viable contender for many remote sensing applications, even in the space environment where low background fluxes are involved. There are, however, several issues that still need to be resolved in order to achieve optimum performance at low operating temperatures. One important issue is the dark current, which is dominated by Fowler-Nordheim and trap-assisted tunneling in this regime. In order to decrease the dark current of QWIPs at low temperatures, we are investigating these mechanisms to better understand them. Our preliminary investigations have uncovered another possible problem; offsets in the I-V characteristics (non-zero current at zero bias) which could impair the compatibility of a QWIP array with a readout circuit. In this paper we discuss these design issues. RP Singh, A (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,3550 ABERDEEN AVE,SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2410-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2999 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.1117/12.271211 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BH75A UT WOS:A1997BH75A00006 ER PT B AU Biggers, RR Murray, PT Mast, D Maartense, I Peterson, TL Dempsey, D Varanasi, C Murray, S Lubbers, DP Laube, S Lovett, B Moser, EK Brown, JL Liptak, DC Busbee, JD AF Biggers, RR Murray, PT Mast, D Maartense, I Peterson, TL Dempsey, D Varanasi, C Murray, S Lubbers, DP Laube, S Lovett, B Moser, EK Brown, JL Liptak, DC Busbee, JD BE Brown, GJ Razeghi, M TI Spectral-component monitoring and control of pulsed laser deposition of YBCO films SO PHOTODETECTORS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photodetectors - Materials and Devices II CY FEB 12-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE spectra; optical emission; YBCO; PLD; plume; pulsed laser; superconductors; films; ablation AB We examine the time-resolved spectral components emitted at similar to 327 nm (neutral copper atoms) and similar to 550 nm (neutral barium atoms) in YBCO plumes produced during pulsed laser deposition of thin films using a KrF excimer laser at lambda=248 nm. The studied emission signals last for approximately 20 mu sec, and show variations when process parameters such as laser power, laser excitation voltage, beam focus, chamber pressure, substrate temperature, pulse repetition rate, and target rotation rate are changed. These signals are also dependent on other factors such as target wear and age of the laser gas mixture. Spectral-component monitoring is a supplementary method of real-time plume evaluation, and allows observation of changes both prior to deposition (target preconditioning) and during the actual deposition. Adjustments can be made to the process parameters to make the plume conform to criteria necessary for the growth of films with specific qualities. The use of these spectral components as real-time process-control state variables for more reproducible fabrication of high quality thin films will be assessed. RP Biggers, RR (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2410-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2999 BP 371 EP 382 DI 10.1117/12.271207 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BH75A UT WOS:A1997BH75A00039 ER PT B AU Lott, JA AF Lott, JA BE Brown, GJ Razeghi, M TI Monolithically integrated resonant cavity photodetectors for measurement and feedback control of spontaneous and stimulated emission SO PHOTODETECTORS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photodetectors - Materials and Devices II CY FEB 12-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE resonant cavity detector; quantum well detector; light emitting diode; vertical cavity surface emitting laser; spontaneous emission AB This paper presents a study of the physics and applications of resonant cavity pin photodetectors strategically positioned within the optical structure of vertical microcavity surface emitting devices. Conventional AlGaAs resonant cavity light-emitting diodes (RCLEDs) and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting near 780 nm are examined. However, the structures include resonant cavity detectors placed within the upper or lower distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). The detectors consist of an undoped quantum well absorbing layer positioned at an antinode of the resonant standing wave. A classical model is developed to examine the detector's spectral responsivity. This embedded detector scheme provides an effective means for studying the spontaneous and stimulated emission components of microcavity light emitting devices. The photocurrent from the intracavity detector is proportional to the microcavity output power over a broad emission range. This is especially useful for the control of VCSEL output power by means of a feedback circuit. RP Lott, JA (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,2950 P ST BLDG 640,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2410-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2999 BP 402 EP 413 DI 10.1117/12.271174 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BH75A UT WOS:A1997BH75A00042 ER PT B AU Hayduk, MJ Johns, ST Krol, MF AF Hayduk, MJ Johns, ST Krol, MF BE Pirich, AR Boncek, RK TI Saturable absorber mode-locked femtosecond Cr4+:YAG laser SO PHOTONIC PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Processing Technology and Applications CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE solid-state laser; Cr4+:YAG; passive mode-locking; saturable absorber; femtosecond source AB We have demonstrated self-starting passive mode-locking of a chromium-doped:YAG (Cr4+:YAG) laser using a saturable absorber mirror (SAM) structure. Highly stable femtosecond pulses tunable from 1488 to 1535 nm were generated. Average TEM00 output powers ranged from 40 to 80 mW with a minimum pulse width of 120 fs measured at 1488 nm, The generation of ultrashort pulses in solid-state lasers using the Kerr lens modelocking (KLM) technique has been the center of much attention in recent years. Sub 100 fs pulses have been produced using many different laser systems. However, the KLM process is very sensitive to cavity alignment and is easily perturbed by mechanical vibrations and pump power fluctuations. A more reliable process makes use of a saturable absorber to start and stabilize the soliton formation process. The saturable absorber eliminates the need for critical cavity alignment. The femtosecond pulse train produced by the SAM structure in the Cr4+:YAG laser system is highly stable over very long periods of time. The wide tunability of the Cr4+:YAG laser throughout the 1.5 mu m transmission window of optical fiber makes it an ideal spectroscopic source for the characterization and development of novel materials and devices for ultrafast optical interconnects. RP Hayduk, MJ (reprint author), USAF,PHOTON CTR,ROME LAB,OCPA,25 ELECT PKY,ROME,NY 13441, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2490-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3075 BP 10 EP 15 DI 10.1117/12.277629 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ22A UT WOS:A1997BJ22A00002 ER PT B AU Taylor, EW Paxton, AH Schone, H Comtois, JH Sanchez, AD Michalicek, MA Winter, JE McKinney, SJ Osinski, M Perlin, P Carson, RF Bristow, JPG Lehman, J Brenner, MKH AF Taylor, EW Paxton, AH Schone, H Comtois, JH Sanchez, AD Michalicek, MA Winter, JE McKinney, SJ Osinski, M Perlin, P Carson, RF Bristow, JPG Lehman, J Brenner, MKH BE Taylor, EW TI Radiation induced effects research in emerging photonic technologies: vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, GaN light emitting diodes and micro electromechanical devices SO PHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Photonics for Space Environments V Conference CY JUL 30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE radiation effects; VCSELs; GaN LEDs; MEMs; nuclear microprobes; ion microbeams AB A brief overview and summary of very recent radiation effects studies of AlGaAs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), AlGaN/InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) and polysilicon micro electromechanical devices (MEMs) is presented. The Air Force Phillips Laboratory is pioneering the establishment of radiation response and hardening data bases in these important photonic areas, using a novel investigative ion microbeam methodology. Coordinated studies with leading experts from industry, academia and a National Laboratory have resulted in the first radiation effects induced in VCSELs, GaN LEDs and MEMs devices. The paper also reports on traditional broad area source - gamma ray and neutron induced responses. The combined data are of special importance to space system planners contemplating or transitioning the use of photonics in space based systems where radiation and thermal effects must be considered and compensated for in order to allow operation in widely varying orbits and long duration missions. RP Taylor, EW (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,VTMC,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2646-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3124 BP 9 EP 21 DI 10.1117/12.283879 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ86Y UT WOS:A1997BJ86Y00002 ER PT B AU Wood, BE Hall, DF Lesho, JC Uy, OM Dyer, JS Green, BD Galica, GA Boies, MT Silver, DM Benson, RC Erlandson, RE Bertrand, WT AF Wood, BE Hall, DF Lesho, JC Uy, OM Dyer, JS Green, BD Galica, GA Boies, MT Silver, DM Benson, RC Erlandson, RE Bertrand, WT BE Taylor, EW TI QCM flight measurements of contaminant films and their effect on Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) satellite optics SO PHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Photonics for Space Environments V Conference CY JUL 30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE cryogenics; spacecraft; quartz crystal microbalance; QCM; cryofilm; MSX; satellite; TQCM; infrared; BRDF; reflectance AB The Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) is a Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) demonstration and validation satellite program that has both defense and civilian applications. MSX has UV, visible, and infrared instruments including the SPIRIT 3 cryogenic telescope. It also has several contamination measuring instruments for measuring pressure, gas species, water and particulate concentrations and condensable gas species. A cryogenic quartz crystal microbalance (CQCM) and four temperature controlled microbalances (TQCMs) are part of this suite of contamination measuring instruments. This paper describes some of the flight QCM data obtained and analyzed to date. The CQCM is located internal to the SPIRIT 3 cryogenic telescope and is mounted adjacent to the primary mirror. Peal-time monitoring of contaminant mass deposition on the primary mirror is provided by the CQCM which is cooled to the same temperature as the mirror - similar to 20 K. The four TQCMs are mounted on the outside of the spacecraft and monitor contaminant deposition on the external surfaces. The TQCMs operate at similar to -50 degrees C and are positioned strategically to monitor the silicone and organic contaminant flux arriving at the UV and visible instruments, or coming from specific contaminant sources such as the solar panels. During the first week of flight operation, all QCMs recorded deposition in the 10-20 ng/cm(2)-day (1-2 Angstrom/day) range. These TQCM deposition rates have continuously decreased, and after 270 days mission elapsed time (MET), the rates have fallen to values between 0 and 0.15 Angstrom/day depending on TQCM location. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGAs) on the CQCM and TQCMs have provided valuable insight into the amount and species of contaminants condensed. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,AEDC GRP,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389, USA. RI Erlandson, Robert/G-2767-2015 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2646-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3124 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.283881 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ86Y UT WOS:A1997BJ86Y00004 ER PT B AU Bernstein, NP Davis, JL Hendrickson, BM Hunter, JR Repak, PL Zagar, GJ Thai, S AF Bernstein, NP Davis, JL Hendrickson, BM Hunter, JR Repak, PL Zagar, GJ Thai, S BE Taylor, EW TI Reconfigurable photonic-based RF and data signal distribution systems for space based sensor and avionics applications SO PHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Photonics for Space Environments V Conference CY JUL 30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE analog photonics; optical modulation; electrooptic modulators; fiber optic links; lasers; optical detectors; optical switches AB Existing manned airborne platforms are becoming increasingly loaded with additional mission performance requirements. These requirements severely stress weight, mission performance, size and electromagnetic interference (EMI) constraints. In addition, as platforms are reduced in size - such as space-based platforms - these limitations become extremely critical. Optical fiber-based systems can be used to provide both data and RF signal distribution for sensors and avionics. These photonic-based systems are lighter weight, smaller in size, lower in loss, and reduce or eliminate signal interference as compared to existing metallic-based signal distribution systems. These fiber based systems apply to both RF and data transmission in manned and unmanned space-based and airborne platforms as well as ground based applications. Photonics also provides non-frequency dependent true time delay RF signal distribution. This results in the additional benefit of improved interferometric direction finding and beam nulling through software applications in sensor and avionics systems. This paper will discuss research which is underway at Rome Laboratory to develop actively reconfigurable photonic-based signal distribution systems, using either all optical techniques - including optical switching - or through a combination of optics and electronics, to meet the future requirements for avionics and sensors in airborne and space-based platforms. RP Bernstein, NP (reprint author), USAF,AFRL,ROME LAB,25 ELECT PKWY,ROME,NY 13441, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2646-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3124 BP 78 EP 83 DI 10.1117/12.279009 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ86Y UT WOS:A1997BJ86Y00009 ER PT J AU Silkowski, E Pomrenke, GS Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL AF Silkowski, E Pomrenke, GS Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL TI Optical activation of ion implanted and annealed GaN SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 17th Nordic Semiconductor Meeting CY JUN 17-20, 1996 CL TRONDHEIM, NORWAY ID THERMAL-STABILITY; THIN-FILMS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NITRIDE; OXYGEN AB Ion implantation and the associated annealing was investigated using luminescence and absorption measurements to demonstrate the efficacy of implantation for introducing various classes of dopants into GaN. A wide range of implantation and annealing studies were performed with several dopant species (Zn, Nd, Er, Ar). Room temperature ion implantation was performed on MOCVD grown GaN samples at energies between 200 and 400 keV with doses ranging from 1 x 10(13) to 1 x 10(15) cm(-2). Conventional furnace annealing in flowing NH3 or N-2 resulted in good recovery of implantation damage at an annealing temperature of 1000 degrees C for 90 min. However, surface degradation became evident for annealing in an NH3 environment at temperatures above 1000 degrees C. Low temperature photoluminescence showed that the optical activation of the Zn, and the rare earth elements, Er and Nd, was optimum in the NH3 annealing environment at 1000 degrees C. RP Silkowski, E (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN PHYS,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T69 BP 276 EP 280 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T69/058 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WL406 UT WOS:A1997WL40600059 ER PT J AU Cardimona, DA Koch, K Alsing, PM AF Cardimona, DA Koch, K Alsing, PM TI Field cancellation by a two-level atom in a multimode cavity driven by a time-dependent field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; STATE COHERENCE; SINGLE-ATOM; DYNAMICS; FLUORESCENCE; COLLAPSE; LASERS; SYSTEM AB We investigate the behavior of a two-level atom in a multimode cavity driven from the side by a time-dependent held. The time-dependent fields we have looked at are (i) pure amplitude modulated, (ii) pure frequency modulated, (iii) single sideband, and (iv) general three-mode fields. Each of these fields results in two (for the single-sideband case) or three modes separated by the modulation frequency. We find that when the driving field mode spacing is a multiple of the cavity mode spacing, the multimode cavity field created by the driven two-level atom becomes exactly 180 degrees out of phase with the external driving field in steady state. This results in a zero net field at the position of the atom and, hence, the atom remains unexcited regardless of the strength of the external driving field. This is very reminiscent of the held-induced transparency effect as described by Cardimona et al. [J. Phys. B 15, 55 (1982)] in which the various dipole transitions of a multilevel atom dressed by a coherent field are driven 180 degrees out of phase with each other, producing a zero net fluorescence. We also show that, in the limit of an infinite cavity, the multimode equations reduce to the neoclassical equations of Stroud and Jaynes [Phys. Rev. A 1, 106 (1970)]. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,HIGH PERFORMANCE COMP EDUC & RES CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP Cardimona, DA (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 787 EP 795 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.787 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA WB980 UT WOS:A1997WB98000087 ER PT B AU Noble, MJ Loehr, JP Lott, JA AF Noble, MJ Loehr, JP Lott, JA BE Osinski, M Chow, WW TI Calculation of microcavity VCSEL field modes using a doubly iterative weighted index method SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices V CY FEB 10-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE field mode; microcavity; VCSEL; weighted index; electromagnetic mode AB We generalize the weighted index method(1,2) for analysis of modal structure in various devices, including vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). Our model uses a doubly iterative process to calculate the bound modes for any dielectric device with an azimuthally symmetric geometry. In order to calculate the modes we assume a separable form for the electric ((F) over right arrow) and magnetic ((A) over right arrow) vector potentials. The scalar wave equation is then solved for the axial ((z) over cap) components of (F) over right arrow and (A) over right arrow. Assuming a functional form of A(z) = F(rho)G(z) and F-z = P(rho)Q(z) we form coupled differential equations between F(rho) and G(z) and between P(rho) and Q(z). These equations are then iteratively solved using the coupled boundary conditions for A(z) and F-z. Convergence is determined by tracking the change in the eigenfrequency for the radial and axial eigenvalue equations. Our method allows rapid calculation, compared to an analogous finite element approach, and will handle any azimuthally-symmetric geometry with piecewise-constant indices of refraction. This model is particularly well suited to the calculation of bound modes in microcavity and oxidized structures where field confinement effects can be very important(3). The model can also, in principle, be adapted to obtain radiative modes, and should provide a valuable tool to analyze field behavior and quantum optics effects in microcavity devices. RP Noble, MJ (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,ENG,2950 P ST,BLDG 640,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2405-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2994 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1117/12.275571 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BJ12S UT WOS:A1997BJ12S00025 ER PT B AU Wright, MW Bossert, DJ Dente, GC Tilton, ML AF Wright, MW Bossert, DJ Dente, GC Tilton, ML BE Osinski, M Chow, WW TI Spontaneous emission measurements in broad area quantum well semiconductor lasers SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices V CY FEB 10-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE modified spontaneous emission; carrier heating; quantum well lasers; gain suppression AB Spontaneous emission spectra have been obtained from semiconductor quantum well lasers of varying epitaxial design. Initial measurements taken normal to the active region through the substrate and a transparent contact exhibited a modulated spectral profile dependent on the collection angle. An image model with the quantum well active region as the source and the p-side metallization as the image plane explains the observed modification and as such, presents an excellent example of a simple cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) effect in a planar semiconductor laser. The phenomenon is made possible by the proximity of the quantum well active region to the p-side electrical contact of the device. Modification of the spontaneous emission rate and spectra can be substantial and must be accounted for if one hopes to correctly infer modal gain or carrier heating phenomena in a device using this geometry. Alternatively, to avoid the influence of the cavity QED effect, spontaneous emission can be obtained through the side wall of the device. Using this method for collection of spontaneous emission, the effect of quantum well dimensions on carrier heating in single quantum well InGaAs or GaAs active regions was also investigated. Incomplete pinning of the carrier density was observed above threshold in these samples with low duty cycle pumping. However, minimal distortion of the carrier distribution to higher energies was observed at room temperature up to current densities of 1.6 kA cm(-2) Low temperature spontaneous emission spectra revealed gain suppression from carrier heating and possibly spectral hole burning in InGaAs deep and shallow quantum well lasers. RP Wright, MW (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SEMICOND LASER BRANCH,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2405-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2994 BP 552 EP 560 DI 10.1117/12.275605 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BJ12S UT WOS:A1997BJ12S00057 ER PT B AU Hohl, A Gavrielides, A Erneux, T Kovanis, V AF Hohl, A Gavrielides, A Erneux, T Kovanis, V BE Osinski, M Chow, WW TI Mutual entrainment in delay-coupled non-identical semiconductor lasers SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices V CY FEB 10-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE coupled lasers; semiconductor arrays; nonlinear dynamics AB The dynamics of two mutually coupled but non-identical semiconductor lasers are studied experimentally, numerically and analytically for weak coupling. The lasers have dissimilar relaxation oscillation frequencies and intensities, and their mutual coupling strength is asymmetric. We find that the lasers may entrain to the relaxation oscillation frequency of either one of the lasers. The form of entrainment is a special form of synchronization, called localized synchronization, where one laser exhibits strong oscillations and the other one weak oscillations. We perform a bifurcation analysis to explain the mechanism of entrainment by taking advantage of the inherently large parameters in a semiconductor laser, the linewidth enhancement factor alpha and the ratio of the carrier and photon lifetime T. RP Hohl, A (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,LIDD,NONLINEAR OPT GRP,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2405-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2994 BP 647 EP 663 DI 10.1117/12.275615 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BJ12S UT WOS:A1997BJ12S00066 ER PT B AU Gamiz, VL AF Gamiz, VL BE Goldstein, DH Chipman, RA TI Performance of a four channel polarimeter with low light level detection SO POLARIZATION: MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND REMOTE SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization - Measurement, Analysis, and Remote Sensing CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE polarized light; polarimetry; Mueller calculus; statistical optics AB We examine the low light level performance of a four channel polarimeter with a single photon counting sensor associated with each channel. Specifically, we investigate how the detection noise propagates through the polarimeter calibration matrix and affects the estimation of each intensity and mutual phase retardance. The variance is derived for each of these quantities as a function of polarimeter design, detector read-out noise, and average detected photon-electron count. Based on these variances, a metric is defined which can be used to optimize the design of the polarimeter. A specific polarimeter design is examined for high and low light levels. Performance curves are shown for various polarization input parameters and light levels. RP Gamiz, VL (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,LIMI,BLDG 422,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2543-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3121 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.283869 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BJ78K UT WOS:A1997BJ78K00006 ER PT S AU O'Keefe, MJ Stutz, CE AF O'Keefe, MJ Stutz, CE BE Yalisove, SM Adams, BL Im, JS Zhu, YM Chen, FR TI Stress and stability of sputter deposited A-15 and bcc crystal structure tungsten thin films SO POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN FILMS - STRUCTURE, TEXTURE, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polycrystalline Thin Films - Structure, Texture, Properties and Applications III, at the 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat Inc, Taiwan Semiconductor Mfg Co, Thermion Lab Inc, Denton Vacuum Inc AB Magnetron sputter deposition was used to fabricate body centered cubic (bcc) and A-15 crystal structure W thin films. Previous work demonstrated that the as-deposited crystal structure of the films was dependent on the deposition parameters and that the formation of a metastable A-15 structure was favored over the thermodynamically stable bcc phase when the films contained a few atomic pet-cent oxygen. However, the A-15 phase was shown to irreversibly transform into the bcc phase between 500 degrees C and 650 degrees C and that a significant decrease in the resistivity of the metallic films was measured after the transformation. The current investigation of 150 nm thick, sputter deposited A-ii and bcc tungsten thin films on silicon wafers consisted of a series of experiments in which the stress, resistivity and crystal structure of the films was measured as a function of temperature cycles in a Flexus 2900 thin film stress measurement system. The as-deposited film stress was found to be a function of the sputtering pressure and presputter time; under conditions in which the as-deposited stress of the film was similar to 1.5 GPa compressive delamination of the W film from the substrate was observed. Data from the thermal studies indicated that bcc film stress was not affected by annealing but transformation of the A-15 structure resulted in a large tensile increase in the stress of the film, regardless of the as-deposited stress of the film. In several instances, complete transformation of the A-15 structure into the bcc phase resulted in greater than or equal to 1 GPa tensile increase in film stress. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Avion Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP O'Keefe, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Avion Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-376-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 472 BP 233 EP 238 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK19R UT WOS:000071462100036 ER PT B AU Marsh, RA Russell, PG Reddy, TB AF Marsh, RA Russell, PG Reddy, TB BE Attewell, A Keily, T TI Bipolar lithium-ion battery development SO POWER SOURCES 16: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NON-MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL POWER SOURCES SE POWER SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Power Sources Symposium - Research and Development in Non-Mechanical Electrical Power Sources CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP Int Power Sources Symp Ltd DE lithium-ion secondary batteries; bipolar electrodes; applications/aerospace AB The bipolar battery design minimizes IR losses between adjacent cells in a cell-stack and provides for uniform current and potential distributions over the active surface area of each cell component. The rechargeable lithium-ion electrochemistry is capable of high pulse power for cell components arranged in bipolar configuration. This system has delivered more than 3000 charge discharge cycles of pulse power and five-second pulses at current densities as high as 70 mA cm(-2). The present programme is concerned with bipolar cell design, component fabrication and evaluation, multi-cell stack assembly and evaluation for development of a 270 V 2 Ah bipolar lithium-ion battery for aerospace and aircraft applications. C1 YARDNEY TECH PROD INC,PAWCATUCK,CT 06379. RP Marsh, RA (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-20509-8 J9 POWER SOUR PY 1997 VL 16 BP 133 EP 141 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BH75D UT WOS:A1997BH75D00022 ER PT B AU Baker, MC Stytz, MR AF Baker, MC Stytz, MR BE Boom, H Robinson, C Rutten, W Neuman, M Wijkstra, H TI Experience using Bayesian segmentation on low-noise ultrasound images of residual limbs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 18TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL 18, PTS 1-5 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual International Conference of IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-amd-Biology-Society CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1996 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc AB To create a 3D rendering of an amputee's residual limb for a Computer-Aided Socket Design software, the image data must be accurately segmented to extract the significant fit points for the limb. This paper reports on the use of a Bayesian segmentation approach created to be robust enough for speckle-laden or noisy images on relatively noise-free ultrasound images of a residual limb. We wanted to see if the algorithm would be able to produce a segmented image with improved detail given that the original image was free of noise. The algorithm provides a multiresolution segmentation using the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) densities based on modeling the a priori probability distribution with a Gibbs random field (GRF). We summarize the segmentation process which consists mainly of a filter-and-decimate procedure and an adaptive clustering algorithm. Our results on low noise ultrasound data indicate that the Bayesian approach does not improve noticeably better segmentation of detail in the image data. C1 USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Virtual Environm 3D Med Imaging & Comp Graph Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baker, MC (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Virtual Environm 3D Med Imaging & Comp Graph Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-3812-X J9 P IEEE EMBS PY 1997 VL 18 BP 1065 EP 1066 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BK41A UT WOS:000072079000518 ER PT S AU Hendrickson, ES Sparks, AG AF Hendrickson, ES Sparks, AG GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI On the suitability of bifurcation stabilization control laws for high order Moore-Greitzer compressor models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB Several control laws have been shown to eliminate the rotating stall hysteresis of a one mode Galerkin approximation of the Moore-Greitzer compressor model. In this paper we discuss the suitability of some of these control laws for higher order approximations. Two distinct analysis techniques are used to show that the range of gains that makes the rotating stall branch locally stable may be smaller for higher order models. Furthermore, numerical bifurcation analysis is used to show that even control laws that locally stabilize the rotating stall branch of the higher order models show poor behavior globally. Such results motivate alternative approaches to synthesizing control laws that account for the coupled, high order dynamics. RP Hendrickson, ES (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FIGC,2210 8TH ST,SUITE 21,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 801 EP 805 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00171 ER PT S AU Cloutier, JR AF Cloutier, JR GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI State-dependent Riccati equation techniques: An overview SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB State-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) techniques are rapidly emerging as general design methods which provide a systematic and effective means of designing nonlinear controllers, observers, and filters. This paper provides an overview of several SDRE design techniques including SDRE nonlinear regulation, SDRE nonlinear H-infinity, SDRE nonlinear H-2, and SDRE nonlinear filtering. RP Cloutier, JR (reprint author), USAF,ARMAMENT DIRECTORATE,NAVIGAT & CONTROL BRANCH,EGLIN AFB,FL 32542, USA. NR 0 TC 133 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 3 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 932 EP 936 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00199 ER PT S AU Parrish, DK Ridgely, DB AF Parrish, DK Ridgely, DB GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Attitude control of a satellite using the SDRE method SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB This paper examines the use of nonlinear regulation for attitude control of a satellite controlled by internal momentum rotors. Specifically, the nonlinear method using the state dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) developed by Cloutier, D'Souza, and Mracek [1], will be applied and examined under numerical simulations. RP Parrish, DK (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 942 EP 946 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00201 ER PT S AU Parrish, DK Ridgely, DB AF Parrish, DK Ridgely, DB GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Control of an artificial human pancreas using the SDRE method SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB Diabetes mellitus is a condition where the human body can no longer produce the insulin needed to sufficiently regulate the amount of blood glucose and use it for energy and metabolism. An automatic control system would be able to lessen long term adverse health affects resulting from elevated blood glucose levels. We are interested in regulating blood glucose around a safe equilibrium value by the injection of insulin. This paper examines the use of nonlinear regulation for controlling the amount of insulin delivered to a diabetic person based on measuring their blood glucose level. Specifically, the nonlinear method using the state dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) developed by Cloutier, D'Souza, and Mracek [1], will be applied and examined under numerical simulations. It must be emphasized that this paper examines only a theoretical study of SDRE as a control methodology, and does not imply that the modelling of the human body is correct nor the resulting controller safe. The biological equations and disturbances modelled are taken from Hodel and Naylor [2] so that a comparison between this methodology and previous work can be made. Significant advances in the accurate modelling of the human body would have to be made before any real controller could be considered. Our concern is with the following problem: assuming these dynamics, what kind of performance can we achieve with a nonlinear regulator? RP Parrish, DK (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 1059 EP 1060 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00226 ER PT S AU Hammett, KD Ridgely, DB AF Hammett, KD Ridgely, DB GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Locally stabilizing analytic state feedback controllers for scalar systems via SDRE nonlinear regulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB We obtain conditions for analytic, locally stabilizing SDRE solutions for single state systems. SDRE and LQR theory are compared, and illustrated by examples. RP Hammett, KD (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 1070 EP 1071 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00230 ER PT S AU Cloutier, JR Mracek, CP AF Cloutier, JR Mracek, CP GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Parametric enhancement of state-dependent Riccati equation based control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB In the state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) method for nonlinear regulation, the nonlinear system is first brought to a linear structure having state-dependent coefficient (SDC) matrices, i.e., (x) over dot = A(x)x + B(x)u. An SDRE is then solved to obtain a nonlinear controller of the form u = -R-1(x)B-T(x)P(x)x, where P(x) is the solution of the SDR;E. It is known that there are an infinite number of ways to bring the nonlinear dynamics to the SDC form and this nonuniqueness allows the SDC matrix A to be parameterized as A(x,alpha(x)). If one is able to solve a certain partial differential equation, then alpha(x) can be determined such that all of the necessary conditions for optimality are satisfied. However, one cannot expect such a solution to be real-time implementable. In this paper, by using a certain SDC structure and integral control, we show how alpha(x) can be updated via feedback to enhance design performance. In the conference presentation, this new state-dependent parameter updating scheme is used to enhance the SDRE control of the nonlinear benchmark plant where a rotational actuator is used to control the motion of a translational oscillator. RP Cloutier, JR (reprint author), USAF,ARMANENT DIRECTORATE,NAVIGAT & CONTROL BRANCH,EGLIN AFB,FL 32542, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 1072 EP 1073 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00231 ER PT S AU Pachter, M Chandler, PR Smith, L AF Pachter, M Chandler, PR Smith, L GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Maneuvering flight control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB The development of control laws for maneuvering flight, specifically, a high amplitude velocity vector roll is addressed. The plant model has seventh order nonlinear dynamics with coupled pitch and lateral directional dynamics. Using time scale separation and pointwise linearization, a receding horizon linear quadratic optimal control law with full state feedback is synthesized on-line. Also on-line, the pilot inputs are modulated using linear programming to prevent actuator rate saturation over the optimization horizon. The nonlinear control law performance is demonstrated in a fighter aircraft simulation with a rudder failure during a loaded roll maneuver. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,ENG,AFIT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 1111 EP 1115 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00240 ER PT S AU Laxton, MC DeVilbiss, SL AF Laxton, MC DeVilbiss, SL GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI GPS multipath mitigation during code tracking SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB An approach for reducing the Global Positioning System (GPS) ranging errors, caused by reflections (termed multipath) of the satellite transmitted signal, is presented; such ranging errors typically are the dominate contributor to real-time positioning error in differential GPS applications. Simulation results demonstrate significant reduction, of the tracking error introduced by the presence of multipath, as compared to a standard code trading loop design. RP Laxton, MC (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT ENGN,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 1429 EP 1433 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00307 ER PT S AU Kyger, DW Maybeck, PS AF Kyger, DW Maybeck, PS GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Reducing lag in virtual displays using multiple model adaptive estimation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB A multiple model adaptive predictor is applied to a virtual environment flight simulator to remove the effect of computational and scene-rendering delay time. Angular orientation of the user's head is predicted a period of time into the future, so that the scene can be rendered appropriately by the time the user actually looks in that direction. Single nonadaptive predictors cannot adequately cover the dynamic range of head motion. By using three dissimilar models of head motion upon which to base the individual elemental filters within the multiple model adaptive estimator (MMAE) algorithm, an MMAE is designed which outperforms the nonadaptive Kalman predictor proposed by Liang [9]. RP Kyger, DW (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 2536 EP 2541 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00548 ER PT S AU Hammett, KD Ridgely, DB AF Hammett, KD Ridgely, DB GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Semiglobal stability of sampled data state feedback SDRE nonlinear regulators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB We give sufficient conditions for semiglobal stability of sampled data SDRE regulators for analytic nonlinear systems, based on discrete time Lyapunov theory. RP Hammett, KD (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 2592 EP 2593 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00561 ER PT S AU Sparks, A Gu, GX AF Sparks, A Gu, GX GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Control of compressor rotating stall without distributed sensing using bifurcation stabilization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB Control of rotating stall in axial compressors is considered. A local bifurcation stabilization theorem using the projection method for the case of an uncontrollable, unobservable critical mode is described and extended to control laws that do not vanish at the critical or bifurcation point. This result is used to derive sufficient, conditions for several control laws to guarantee that the subcritical pitchfork bifurcation of an axial compressor model is made supercritical so that the rotating stall hysteresis is eliminated. Each of the control laws considers operation at a set point distinct from the critical point and depends only on annulus-averaged quantities as feedback variables to simplify sensing and signal processing requirements. A numerical example shows the transformation of the bifurcation from subcritical to supercritical and the elimination of the hysteresis region. RP Sparks, A (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FIGC,2210 8TH ST,SUITE 21,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 3716 EP 3720 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00798 ER PT S AU Blue, PA Banda, SS AF Blue, PA Banda, SS GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI D-K iteration with optimal scales for systems with time-varying and time-invariant uncertainties SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB A D-K iteration algorithm is presented that allows for both time-invariant (TI) and time-varying (TV) uncertainties and parameters to be accounted for during synthesis. The procedure developed in this paper incorporates a recent extension of robustness analysis that provides optimal D-scales for systems having these mixed uncertainties and parameters. Utilizing these optimal scales allows the systems dependence on parameter variations and uncertainties to be modeled more precisely. Accurately representing uncertainty during synthesis results in less conservative controllers that are more robust to the true system variations. The procedure is demonstrated by designing a linear parameter-varying (LPV) pitch-rate controller for the F-16 Variable Stability In-Flight Simulator Test Aircraft modeled as an LPV system with TV parameters and TI uncertainties. This design shows that using optimal scales results in less conservative results. RP Blue, PA (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WL,FIGC,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 3967 EP 3971 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00856 ER PT S AU Sullivan, J Rahman, Z Cobb, R Spanos, J AF Sullivan, J Rahman, Z Cobb, R Spanos, J GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Closed-loop performance of a vibration isolation and suppression system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB This paper describes the initial closed-loop isolation testing of the Vibration Isolation and Suppression System (VISS) which can be used to isolate a precision payload from spacecraft borne disturbances. VISS utilizes six hybrid isolation struts in a hexapod configuration. The VISS experiment has recently been tested at the Phillips Laboratory and significant closed-loop vibration isolation was achieved. The control approach, the performance testbed, and the initial test results are described. RP Sullivan, J (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 3974 EP 3978 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00858 ER PT B AU Melvin, WL Wicks, MC AF Melvin, WL Wicks, MC GP IEEE TI Improving practical space-time adaptive radar SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 IEEE NATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE National Radar Conference CY MAY 13-15, 1997 CL SYRACUSE, NY SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, IEEE, Syracuse Sect, IEEE, Mohawk Valley Sect AB This paper discusses the incorporation of nonhomogeneity detection with space-time adaptive processing to improve the formation of adaptive weights in practical adaptive airborne radar. We examine the problem of improving interference covariance matrix estimation in real-world environments and discuss several approaches for integrating nonhomogeneity detection with space-time adaptive processing. We use measured airborne data from the Rome Laboratory Multichannel Airborne Radar Measurements Program to illustrate key points. RP Melvin, WL (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,26 ELECT PKWY,ROME,NY 13441, USA. NR 0 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3732-8 J9 RADAR CONF PY 1997 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1109/NRC.1997.588124 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ19U UT WOS:A1997BJ19U00009 ER PT B AU Sowa, MJ McLaughlin, DJ AF Sowa, MJ McLaughlin, DJ GP IEEE TI Experiments in bistatic scattering phenomenology SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 IEEE NATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE National Radar Conference CY MAY 13-15, 1997 CL SYRACUSE, NY SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, IEEE, Syracuse Sect, IEEE, Mohawk Valley Sect AB This paper describes a fully-polarimetric bistatic radar test bed system developed for large bistatic angle scattering studies of aircraft targets and terrain surfaces, The radar consists of a high power (1 MW) S-band transmitter and a remote, dual-polarized receiver separated from each other over baseline distances up to 30 km, The transmitter emits vertically (V) and horizontally (H) polarized pulses on alternate pulse repetition intervals, and the receiver simultaneously measures the V and H components of the scattered wave. Phase coherence is maintained between the transmitter and receiver subsystems by using atomic (cesium) clocks to stabilize the microwave oscillators at the two equipment sites. This permits computation of the polarization scattering matrix and the Stokes operator of the scatterers, thereby retaining full polarimetric information about the scattering process. The design and hardware configuration of the radar are given in this paper, and bistatic scattering measurements of forested terrain clutter and a small aircraft are presented. RP Sowa, MJ (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3732-8 J9 RADAR CONF PY 1997 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1109/NRC.1997.588252 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ19U UT WOS:A1997BJ19U00028 ER PT B AU Wright, SA Bauer, KW AF Wright, SA Bauer, KW BE Andradottir, S Healy, KJ Withers, DH Nelson, BL TI Covalidation of dissimilarly structured models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 97) CY DEC 07-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB A methodology is presented which allows comparison between models under different modeling paradigms. Consider the following situation: Two models have been constructed to study different aspects of the same system. One model simulates a fleet of aircraft moving a given combination of cargo and passengers from an onload point to an offload point. A second model is an optimization (linear programming) model, which for given cargo and passenger requirements, optimizes aircraft and route selection in order to minimize late-and non-deliveries. The optimization model represents a much more aggregated view of the airlift system than does the simulation. The two models do not have immediately comparable input or output structures, which complicates a comparison of the two models' outputs. A methodology is developed to structure this comparison. Two models which compare favorably using this methodology are considered covalid models. We define the covalidity of models in the narrow sense as models which perform similarly under approximately the same input conditions. Structurally different models which are covalid (in the narrow sense) may hold the potential to be used in an iterative fashion to improve the input (and thus, the output) of one another. Ultimately it is hoped that we may, through such a series of innovations, effect a convergence to valid representations of the real-world situation. We define such a condition as covalidation in the wide sense. Further, if one of the models has been independently validated (in the traditional meaning), then we may effect a validation by proxy of the other model through this process. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Grad Sch Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Grad Sch Engn, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4278-X PY 1997 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.1145/268437.268497 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BK18F UT WOS:000071432100045 ER PT B AU Miller, JO Bauer, KW AF Miller, JO Bauer, KW BE Andradottir, S Healy, KJ Withers, DH Nelson, BL TI How common random numbers affect multinomial selection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 97) CY DEC 07-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB We consider the effect of common random numbers (CRNs) among simulated systems in two different multinomial selection procedures; the classical procedure BEM (Bechhofer, Elmaghraby, and Morse) and procedure AVC fall vector comparisons), We examine a simple two population scenario and demonstrate analytically how CRNs affect the probability of correct selection (PCS). In addition, various levels of positive correlation are induced to approximate the effect of using CRNs with complex simulated systems, We present analytical and simulation results to show the effect correlation has on the probability of correct selection (PCS) far each solution procedure, This paper responds to Jim Wilson's question raised at WSC'96 about how the use of CRNs affects multinomial selection procedures. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miller, JO (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4278-X PY 1997 BP 342 EP 347 DI 10.1145/268437.268503 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BK18F UT WOS:000071432100049 ER PT B AU Grabau, MR Maurer, RA Ott, DP AF Grabau, MR Maurer, RA Ott, DP BE Andradottir, S Healy, KJ Withers, DH Nelson, BL TI Using a simulation to generate the data to balance an assembly line SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 97) CY DEC 07-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB Coors Brewing Company's 16 ounce can production line was generating over $2 million annually in scrap production. Flow scrap is generated when a machine stops because it is working faster or slower than its adjacent machines. The production line flow problem was that the machines were not working together in such a way to keep the flow of cans constant from the start to the finish of the line. This work demonstrates an analysis process that minimizes the generation of flow scrap in the context of the assembly line balancing problem. The process is 1) develop a verified and validated simulation model; 2) design an experiment to run using the simulation and to collect output data from the simulation; 3) using the experimental design to determine values of the independent variables and the output data as the dependent variable, develop a metamodel; and 4) optimize the metamodel using response surface methodology. Applying this process to the Coors problem generated an annual savings of $1.87 million in 1996 dollars. C1 USAF, Centreville, VA 20121 USA. RP Grabau, MR (reprint author), USAF, 14169 Compton Valley Way, Centreville, VA 20121 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4278-X PY 1997 BP 733 EP 738 DI 10.1145/268437.268616 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BK18F UT WOS:000071432100106 ER PT B AU Bailey, TG Belano, JC Beran, PS Kloeber, JM Petry, HJ AF Bailey, TG Belano, JC Beran, PS Kloeber, JM Petry, HJ BE Andradottir, S Healy, KJ Withers, DH Nelson, BL TI Object-oriented simulation of paratrooper-vortex interactions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 97) CY DEC 07-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB The C-17 Airdrop Model provides the Air Force and Army test and evaluation community with the capability to (i) assess the risk of vortex encounters, and (ii) predict ground dispersal patterns on the drop zone. Written in MODSIM III, aircraft vortices and paratroopers are modeled as objects whose behavior accurately reflects their real-world counterparts through the use of pre-validated aerodynamic and trajectory equations within the objects' methods. This model has provided the joint airborne community with a preliminary estimate of paratrooper/vortex encounter rates and locations as a function of formation element separation and wind conditions, as well as a tool for simulating alternative C-17 aircraft formation configurations prior to actual flight. Future use of the model suggests simulating brigade-size operations; expanding to include equipment drops, new parachute deployment systems, and precision airdrop; visualization; and, evaluating new airborne combat tactics. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bailey, TG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, ENS, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4278-X PY 1997 BP 903 EP 910 DI 10.1145/268437.268675 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BK18F UT WOS:000071432100130 ER PT B AU Grier, JB Bailey, TG Jackson, JA AF Grier, JB Bailey, TG Jackson, JA BE Andradottir, S Healy, KJ Withers, DH Nelson, BL TI Using response surface methodology to link force structure budgets to campaign objectives SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 97) CY DEC 07-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB Effective and timely execution of the Department of Defense's (DoD) Program Objective Memorandum (POM) and Joint Warfare Capability Assessment (JWCA) process requires objective measures of how Air Force programs support the Defense Planning Guidance (DPG) and the Chairman's Program Assessment (CPA). Using Factor Analysis (FA) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM), this paper presents a modeling approach that provides metrics which link expenditures to campaign level measures of outcome. Specifically, various alternative force structures are evaluated with regard to their combat capability as measured in terms of theater level campaign objectives (CO). C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grier, JB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 P St,Bldg 640 AFIT ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4278-X PY 1997 BP 968 EP 973 DI 10.1145/268437.268698 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BK18F UT WOS:000071432100139 ER PT S AU Hammett, KD Ridgely, DB AF Hammett, KD Ridgely, DB GP IEEE IEEE TI Relaxed conditions for asymptotic stability of nonlinear SDRE regulators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 36TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 10-12, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Controls Syst Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci AB Recently, conditions guaranteeing semiglobal asymptotic stability of control algorithms involving State-Dependent Riccati Equations (SDREs) have been derived. These conditions include having a globally positive definite state weighting matrix function in the associated suboptimal control problem cost function, In this paper we relax this assumption to positive semidefiniteness, using LaSalle's principle and invariant set theory, The results are illustrated by examples. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hammett, KD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-4187-2 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 1997 BP 4012 EP 4017 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BK43K UT WOS:000072164400785 ER PT S AU McNamee, J Pachter, M AF McNamee, J Pachter, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Nonlinear tracking controllers for actuator saturation effects mitigation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 36TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 10-12, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Controls Syst Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci AB The state of the art with respect to nonlinear controller synthesis methods that address tracking control in the presence of actuator constraints is examined. Results based on the concepts of maximal output admissible sets, maximal statically admissible sets, and the linear quadratic tracking (LQT) control method are reviewed. A common requirement of the first two methods is the limitation of the feasible reference signals to those that are statically admissible. Here we propose an invariance based approach that does not require static admissibility of the reference signal to obtain a BIBO stable closed-loop system with improved tracking performance. The latter is achieved since the system is driven harder without violating the actuator constraints. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McNamee, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-4187-2 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 1997 BP 4529 EP 4534 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BK43K UT WOS:000072164400889 ER PT S AU McKay, JB Pachter, M AF McKay, JB Pachter, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Geometry optimization for GPS navigation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 36TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 10-12, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Controls Syst Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci AB This paper presents the analysis and numerical optimization of the geometry of an inverted pseudolite positioning system. First, the effect of geometry on the system's accuracy is examined. The Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) produced by typical system geometry is considered, and an alternate measure of the geometry effect, the condition number of the "visibility" matrix H, is introduced. Second, the optimization of the system's geometry is presented. The simplified problem of optimizing the geometry with respect to a stationary pseudolite is solved. The results of a numerical optimization are presented and both the effectiveness of the optimization routine and the usefulness of the resulting system configurations are discussed. Finally, design guidelines for good geometry are listed. C1 USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McKay, JB (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0191-2216 BN 0-7803-4187-2 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 1997 BP 4695 EP 4699 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BK43K UT WOS:000072164400920 ER PT B AU ONeil, P AF ONeil, P GP IEEE COMP SOC TI An incremental approach to text representation, categorization, and retrieval SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DOCUMENT ANALYSIS AND RECOGNITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 97) CY AUG 18-20, 1997 CL ULM, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, TC 10 & 11, Int Graphonom Soc, German Assoc Comp Sci, German Assoc Informat Technol AB Efficient and accurate information retrieval is a goal of just about everyone. Whether you are looking fbr information on the Internet, a book or article in the library, satellite imagery of missile silos, or a recipe for dinner, finding exactly what you want or need, even if you know exactly what you me looking for, cart be an imposing and most difficult task Many current techniques require an intimate understanding of the actual processes involved. The method presented in this paper provides for an automatic representation of text data by vectors, which can then be manipulated to categorize and organize the data. Information can be retrieved without knowledge of the underlying process. The user can ask for information using normal discourse. This technology can also be applied to data mining and visualization. RP ONeil, P (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,BEDFORD,MA 01731, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7899-2 PY 1997 BP 714 EP 717 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BJ50V UT WOS:A1997BJ50V00148 ER PT B AU Hickox, JC Wickens, CD AF Hickox, JC Wickens, CD GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI 3-D electronic maps, design implications for the effects of elevation angle disparity, complexity, and feature type SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB Three-dimensional navigational displays have received a fair amount of attention in the literature lately. In this study, we utilized a navigational checking task and manipulated elevation angle disparity, complexity and feature type (defined by man-made vs. natural) and measured its effects on latency and accuracy. Elevation angle disparity was measured in terms of the difference between the sin of the viewing angle or Forward Field of View (FFOV) and the sin of the map angle. A same/different paradigm was employed as subjects compared navigational scenes presented on both a CRT (simulating the map) and projected on a large screen (simulating the FFOV). Main effects were found with the elevation angle disparity, complexity and feature type. Significant interactions were found with elevation angle disparity and feature type, and complexity and feature type. Conclusions are made based upon these findings and their implications for the design of 3-D electronic maps. RP Hickox, JC (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT BEHAV SCI & LEADERSHIP,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00006 ER PT B AU Goettl, BP AF Goettl, BP GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Situation awareness and executive control processes: Quot homines, tot sententiae SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc RP Goettl, BP (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 61 EP 61 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00015 ER PT B AU McKinney, EH AF McKinney, EH GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Systems theory implications for human factors in aviation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB Systems theory is presented as a complement to the more traditional scientific approaches in aviation science. Tenets of systems theory are contrasted with traditional approaches that employ reductionism. A complementary method of inquiry using groups or organizations as the unit of analysis is systems theory, a framework long fundamental to human factors but treated with curious ambivalence by practitioners (Meister, 1989). This integrative perspective has matured to a point that warrants serious consideration. Four variations in systems theory are compared, and the applications of each are made to aviation science. The limitations of systems theories are presented, as well as current and potential applications of systems theory to aviation science. RP McKinney, EH (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT MANAGEMENT,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00021 ER PT B AU Elliott, LR Dalrymple, MA Neville, K AF Elliott, LR Dalrymple, MA Neville, K GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Assessing performance of AWACS command and control teams SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB Performance constructs are discussed within the context of complex and dynamic command and control (C2) team performance. Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) team members function in an information-rich environment, exchanging updates through an array of visual displays and communication channels. In combat, they face challenges of limited resources, ambiguous information, time pressure, and enemy interference. Subsequently, accurate assessment of communication, coordination, and decision making in AWACS teams can be difficult and time-consuming. Theoretical predictions arising from laboratory tasks must ultimately face the test of external validity using criterion measures of performance. This paper describes some of the challenges in developing criterion measures of performance and situation assessment within a dynamic and complex task requiring high expertise and teamwork. Results from two studies are briefly described. RP Elliott, LR (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 172 EP 176 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00040 ER PT B AU Ippel, MJ AF Ippel, MJ GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Individual differences in performance accuracy as a function of work load manipulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB This paper presents a theoretical analysis oi how manipulation of work load effects task performance as measured by accuracy scores. The analysis is based on a central assumption of human performance theory: the assumption of limited cognitive resources. It is shown that the addition of an individual differences postulate to this theory makes it possible to derive a class of mathematical models that allows precise predictions of response accuracy as a function of cognitive work load (task parameter) and available resources (subject parameter). RP Ippel, MJ (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 584 EP 588 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00129 ER PT B AU Diehl, A Gawron, V Canham, L Taylor, BH AlMolky, TJ Smith, SL Allender, L Doll, TJ Levinson, WH AF Diehl, A Gawron, V Canham, L Taylor, BH AlMolky, TJ Smith, SL Allender, L Doll, TJ Levinson, WH GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Modeling and simulation issues in design, test, and evaluation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB This panel brings together experts in modeling and simulation to discuss contemporary issues associated with design, test, and evaluation. The use of such tools and techniques has increased in recent years, partly because of the large expense and dangers of designing and testing complex systems. Modeling and simulation techniques have long been an integral part of product and systems design, while the application of these concepts to the test and evaluation arena has been far more limited. There is now a growing recognition that use of such concepts in the test environment is a logical extension to their widespread applications in design. The topics presented by this panel illustrate this point well. Such applications should produce an important new venue for human systems integration concepts. RP Diehl, A (reprint author), USAF,OPERAT TEST & EVALUAT CTR,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 1071 EP 1074 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00234 ER PT B AU Gibb, RW Reising, JD AF Gibb, RW Reising, JD GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Assessing the effect of incompatible light on night vision goggle performance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB Current specifications indicate that cockpit lighting designed for night vision goggle (NVG) operations is compatible with NVGs if it does not degrade NVG-aided visual acuity(VA). This study compared two measures of VA; USAF Tri-Bar Chart and NVG Chart. NVG-aided contrast sensitivity (CS) also was assessed; three CS charts having spatial frequencies (SF) of 3, 6, and 12 cycles/degree (cpd) were developed. VA and CS were measured with either low or high levels of incompatible light present. Results revealed that performance did not differ between the two VA measures. Under low incompatible light, CS was degraded only for the high SF. Under high incompatible light, CS was degraded for all SFs. These results suggest that the choice of VA measure should depend upon evaluation factors (e.g., available time, sample size). CS can be used as an alternative to VA and may provide a more complete index of cockpit lighting compatibility. RP Gibb, RW (reprint author), ARIZONA STATE UNIV,USAF,TEMPE,AZ 85287, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 1098 EP 1102 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00240 ER PT B AU Taylor, BH Weisgerber, SA AF Taylor, BH Weisgerber, SA GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI SUE: A usability evaluation tool for operational software SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB In response to the proliferation of computer processing in military systems, the Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center (AFOTEC) has developed the Software Usability Evaluator, or SUE. SUE is a software tool for the generation, administration, and analysis of questionnaires that assess software usability in operational systems. To date, SUE has proven to be a powerful source of descriptive and narrative information on software interface deficiencies and potential means of remediation. C1 USAF,OPERAT TEST & EVALUAT CTR,KIRTLAND AFB,NM. RP Weisgerber, SA (reprint author), USAF,OPERAT TEST & EVALUAT CTR,KIRTLAND AFB,NM, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 1107 EP 1110 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00242 ER PT B AU Goettl, BP ConnollyGomez, C AF Goettl, BP ConnollyGomez, C GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI The effects of observational learning and practice schedule on the acquisition of a complex skill SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB The goal of the present study was to explore the question of whether observational learning provides additional benefits over and above those gained by spacing. Using a desktop flight simulator task, we compared five groups. Massed-perform-observe (MPO) participants performed a block of massed trials while massed-observe-perform (MOP) participants watched. After one hour these two groups switched roles. Spaced-observe (SO) participants were paired amongst themselves and alternated between the role of observer and performer every two trials. These three groups were compared to massed-and spaced-control conditions. Results indicated that participants receiving massed observation, but not spaced observation, showed better performance compared to the control conditions. The results also indicated that participants in the MPO condition showed better performance than those in the massed-control condition. These findings have implications for the design of training protocols, and suggest that observational learning may benefit both the observer and the performer. RP Goettl, BP (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 1180 EP 1184 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00260 ER PT B AU Goettl, BP Snooks, SF Day, E Shebilske, WL AF Goettl, BP Snooks, SF Day, E Shebilske, WL GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Emphasis change and verbal elaboration in skill acquisition: A tale of two components SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between multiple emphasis on components (MEG) and verbal elaboration in the acquisition of a complex skill. Participants were trained using either MEC or emphasis on total score (TOT), with or without verbal elaboration between training modules. Results indicated low-aptitude learners performed better when trained with the MEC protocol than with the TOT protocol, but high-aptitude learners benefited from verbal elaborations. Analysis of the component scores indicated that the combined effects of verbal elaboration and MEC disrupted components representing implicit processing, and enhanced components representing explicit processes. These findings are consistent with other research on verbal elaboration and suggest that care must be taken when combining verbal elaboration with emphasis change instructions. More importantly, these results suggest ways to effectively combine the two protocols. RP Goettl, BP (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 1195 EP 1199 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00263 ER PT B AU Rowe, AL Meyer, TN Miller, TM Steuck, K AF Rowe, AL Meyer, TN Miller, TM Steuck, K GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Assessing knowledge structures: Don't always call an expert SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB Measures of knowledge structures can be used to access and evaluate conceptual understanding for assessment and training purposes. Typically, the quality of an individual's knowledge structure is determined by comparing it to a standard knowledge structure that is an aggregate of the structures of several experts. Recent research suggests that this approach may not be appropriate for all domains. This study investigated different approaches for forming a standard knowledge structure for two knowledge structure measures: relatedness ratings and a diagramming task. Three approaches to developing knowledge standards were compared: a standard derived from expert data, a standard based on high-performing students, and a rational standard developed through an analysis of instructional materials. The knowledge standards were compared in their ability to predict performance on a multiple-choice test. The results showed that comparison of students' structures with a standard constructed by aggregating high-performing student structures produced scores that were independently predictive of performance for both measures, whereas the expert standard resulted in independently predictive knowledge scores for only the diagramming task. For both measures, the high-performer standard and the aggregate expert standard were superior to the rational standard. These results offer support for using standards other than the expert-consensus standard typically used when assessing the quality of knowledge structures. RP Rowe, AL (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 1203 EP 1207 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00265 ER PT B AU Snow, MP Williges, RC AF Snow, MP Williges, RC GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Empirical modeling of perceived presence in virtual environments using sequential experimentation techniques SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB Investigations of perceived presence in a virtual environment (VE) consist primarily of single studies examining only a few independent variables at once. A series of three studies was conducted to test a ratio-scale measure of presence and to examine the first-and second-order effects of eleven VE system parameters on perceived presence. Sequential experimentation techniques were used to build an integrated empirical model using polynomial regression. The resulting primary predictors of perceived presence using a head-mounted display included field of view, sound, and head-tracking. Secondary predictors included visual display resolution, texture-mapping, stereopsis, and scene update rate. The procedures and limitations of sequential experimentation, and its application to the examination of perceived presence in a VE are discussed. It is concluded that sequential experimentation is a useful tool for examining perceived presence, but the subjective nature of this phenomenon and individual differences can make data bridging across sequential studies problematic. RP Snow, MP (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 1224 EP 1228 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00270 ER PT B AU McCormick, EP Wickens, CD Banks, R Yeh, M AF McCormick, EP Wickens, CD Banks, R Yeh, M GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Scientific visualization performance in virtual environments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB Three frames of reference (full exocentric, full egocentric and tethered) were contrasted in three experiments to measure performance of four different scientific visualization subtasks: search, travel, local judgment support and global judgment support. Participants were instructed to locate and follow a designated path through simple virtual environments and to answer simple questions about that environment. Each subject completed 5 trials in every frame of reference condition (exocentric, egocentric and tethered) with the subject's first trial serving as a practice trial. The results revealed that frames of reference that utilize egocentric or tethered viewpoints support better travel performance, especially when nearing the target. However the exocentric frame of reference supported better performance in the search subtasks and the local and global judgment subtasks. RP McCormick, EP (reprint author), USAF,EDWARDS AFB,CA, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 1229 EP 1233 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00271 ER PT B AU Eggleston, RG Janson, WP Aldrich, KA AF Eggleston, RG Janson, WP Aldrich, KA GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Field of view effects on a direct manipulation task in a virtual environment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB It is important for designers of virtual reality (VR) systems to understand how properties of the system interact with human processes to impact overall system performance. The following experiments investigated the field-of-view (FOV) characteristics of a VR system and how they affected aimed movement behavior across a natural and virtual environment. Utilizing three levels of FOV, and two levels of task difficulty, subjects performed a reciprocal tapping task. FOV was found to differentially affect movement time performance between the two environments for the moderate level of task difficulty, but not for the more highly difficult level. This significant effect for longer movement times in the virtual environment was traced to the smallest FOV, involving those targets appearing outside the instantaneous FOV. Movement times in the virtual environment were also uncharacteristically nonlinear across target configurations within the same level of difficulty. These findings, as well as other movement time differences between environments, are discussed in terms of image resolution, stereopsis and helmet weight considerations. RP Eggleston, RG (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,HUMAN ENGN DIV,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 1244 EP 1248 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00274 ER PT B AU Gentner, FC Best, PS Cunningham, PH AF Gentner, FC Best, PS Cunningham, PH GP IEEE TI Measure of effectiveness (MOE) taxonomy for assessing human performance in aeronautical systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1997 AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE - NAECON 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 1997) CY JUL 14-17, 1997 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc DE measures of effectiveness (MOEs); measures of performance (MOPs); measures of merit (MOM)s; Aeronautics, human factors; operator performance; aircraft maintenance; logistics metrics; manpower, personnel, and training (MPT); readiness; war-fighting (combat) capability; mission effectiveness AB Air Force (AF) Major Command (MAJCOM) decision-makers often have difficulty understanding the extent to which investment in Manpower, Personnel, and Training (MPT) or Human Performance Research and Development (R&D) can improve war-fighting capability. This could be because MPT R&D findings have not usually related directly to war-fighting Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs). The utility of MPT and Human Factors R&D research could be demonstrated more effectively if their relationship to combat capability was made evident through focusing on accepted MOEs and Measures of Performance (MOPs). For example, if combat capability could be linked to training effectiveness measures, decision-makers could more readily see the impact of advanced training technology. Researchers may find this course of action difficult because no comprehensive listing of aeronautical system MOEs and MOPs existed in the literature. Therefore, CSERIAC was tasked in a two-phase project to identify aeronautical system MOEs and MOPs which relate to human and human-system performance. CSERIAC searched the literature for MOEs and MOPs, brainstormed with readiness research experts, and examined human-system interface criteria for judging mission effectiveness. This paper provides a summary of the sources of MOEs and how CSERIAC constructed the Human-System MOE/MOP Taxonomy for Aeronautical Systems. In Phase II, using the MOE hierarchy, CSERIAC will interview AF decision-makers with wartime missions and responsibilities to capture their criteria for judging unit readiness and effectiveness for comparison with the compiled MOE hierarchy. Measures prioritized as most important will then be linked to MPT effectiveness metrics. With these linkages, the value of advanced training and screening technology can be more clearly demonstrated. This paper will also highlight plans for the remaining project. RP Gentner, FC (reprint author), CSERIAC,CFH,AL,2255 H ST,BLDG 248,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3726-3 PY 1997 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ48D UT WOS:A1997BJ48D00001 ER PT B AU Kuperman, GG AF Kuperman, GG GP IEEE TI Human system interface (HSI) issues in assisted target recognition (ASTR) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1997 AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE - NAECON 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 1997) CY JUL 14-17, 1997 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Because of the relative capabilities and limitations of automatic target recognizers and the human operator, there is an emerging consensus that assisted (rather than automated) target recognition systems are most appropriate to near- and mid-term target acquisition and reconnaissance system concepts. This paper explores some of the human systems interface issues associated with assisted target recognition. RP Kuperman, GG (reprint author), USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3726-3 PY 1997 BP 37 EP 48 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ48D UT WOS:A1997BJ48D00002 ER PT B AU Schroll, DW AF Schroll, DW GP IEEE TI Oxygen analyzer test set development and validation for the B-1B aircraft SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1997 AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE - NAECON 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 1997) CY JUL 14-17, 1997 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc DE oxygen analyzer; test set; B-1B support equipment; B-1B test data; oxygen monitor AB The need for an Oxygen Analyzer Test Set was established in the late 1980's to determine the health of some aircraft Molecular Sieve Oxygen Generating Systems (MSOGS). Some background is given showing the development, objectives and concerns with the new USAF test set. Since the B-1B aircraft was having numerous failures with the Molecular Sieve Oxygen Generating System (MSOGS), a more reliable method of checking the health of the MSOGS concentrator was desired. The new test set was developed in-house by the USAF at the Wright-Patterson AFB. Also, it was needed to determine how the test set would be used. This paper outlines the collection of aircraft data and issues to determine how the test set would be used. The test set operation was validated at Ellsworth AFB, SD and background is discussed. The MSOGS oxygen analyzer test set proved to be a valuable tool to monitor the health of the B-1B MSOGS concentrator. The test set was easy to use by maintainers who had never used it or be trained to use it. The test set is was developed in-house by the USAF, is completely supportable by the local USAF bases. RP Schroll, DW (reprint author), ENFC,AERONAUT SYST CTR,ASC,CREW SYST BRANCH,2530 LOOP RD W,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3726-3 PY 1997 BP 78 EP 85 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ48D UT WOS:A1997BJ48D00007 ER PT B AU Saini, GS Hopper, DG AF Saini, GS Hopper, DG GP IEEE TI Affordable aerospace display technologies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1997 AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE - NAECON 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 1997) CY JUL 14-17, 1997 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc C1 USAF,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Saini, GS (reprint author), BLDG 146,RM 122,2210 8TH ST STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3726-3 PY 1997 BP 86 EP 92 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ48D UT WOS:A1997BJ48D00008 ER PT B AU Peterson, GD AF Peterson, GD GP IEEE TI Evolving standards and methodologies for electronic systems design SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1997 AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE - NAECON 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 1997) CY JUL 14-17, 1997 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Weapons system acquisition and support depends on cost-effective design methodologies and accurate design documentation in support of reuse and redesign. The standard hardware description language VHDL is a critical component in effective acquisition of digital electronic systems. With the ever-increasing complexity of systems and interdependency of hardware and software throughout the weapon system life cycle, it is imperative to facilitate the development of effective standards, methodologies, and tools which support the acquisition of complex systems consisting of sophisticated hardware and software. Current standardization efforts address these issues by investigating possible extensions or enhancements to the VHDL language and/or the development of a new system-level design language. This paper considers the capabilities of VHDL and explores avionics system design requirements on extensions to VHDL or new system design languages. RP Peterson, GD (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AASH,AVION DIRECTORATE,2241 AVION CIRCLE,RM N3-F22,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3726-3 PY 1997 BP 364 EP 371 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ48D UT WOS:A1997BJ48D00048 ER PT B AU Ryan, PA AF Ryan, PA GP IEEE TI High temperature superconducting filter technology for improved electronic warfare system performance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1997 AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE - NAECON 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 1997) CY JUL 14-17, 1997 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Since their discovery in 1987, high temperature superconducting materials have promised to revolutionize the microwave device industry. Much progress has been made in developing high quality microwave devices that possess much lower insertion loss than conventional devices. Switchable and tunable band reject filter technology has been developed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Avionics Directorate of Wright Laboratory. Applications and test results have been promising and will be discussed. RP Ryan, PA (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AVION DIRECTORATE,RF TECHNOL DIV,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3726-3 PY 1997 BP 392 EP 395 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ48D UT WOS:A1997BJ48D00052 ER PT B AU Tracy, MC Pavek, DF Schroeder, JP AF Tracy, MC Pavek, DF Schroeder, JP GP IEEE TI A support equipment improvement opportunity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1997 AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE - NAECON 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 1997) CY JUL 14-17, 1997 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The United States Air Force (USAF) has been increasingly concerned with two major issues since the end of the cold war. First. how to meet the security requirements of a relatively unstable political world. Second, how to reduce the costs associated with acquiring and operating its equipment in the face of increasingly tighter budgets. These issues resulted in a requirement to improve the deployability and affordability of operational units. In this paper, we describe some problems related to aerospace ground equipment (AGE) facing the USAF today and in the future. We also describe why it is opportune for the USAF and Department of Defense (DoD) to address these problems now while there is a window of opportunity. We then briefly review the approach we are taking to research technologies and concepts to improve the affordability and deployability of AGE so operational units can do more with less. RP Tracy, MC (reprint author), AL,HRGA,2698 G ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3726-3 PY 1997 BP 438 EP 445 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ48D UT WOS:A1997BJ48D00059 ER PT B AU Loehr, J Siskaninetz, W Wiemeri, J Feld, S AF Loehr, J Siskaninetz, W Wiemeri, J Feld, S GP IEEE TI Optical communication systems for avionics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1997 AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE - NAECON 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 1997) CY JUL 14-17, 1997 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Avionic information processing and transmission requirements are increasing geometrically with no end in sight. The only feasible way of accommodating them is to incorporate fiber-optic communication systems into avionic platforms. Such systems can be employed to replace standard electronic components, to augment existing systems, or to enable new technologies. In this paper we survey the field of low-power communication systems from the avionics engineering perspective. We review the fundamental merits of optical fiber for information transmission and discuss various information modulation schemes. These modulation techniques naturally determine the performance requirements for laser transmitters. We describe the horizontal-and vertical-cavity semiconductor lasers currently available for these systems, and measure their performance against the additional environmental constraints of avionics platforms. Finally, we outline expected near- and far-term trends in system and device development. RP Loehr, J (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,AADP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3726-3 PY 1997 BP 482 EP 486 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ48D UT WOS:A1997BJ48D00065 ER PT B AU Cerny, C Via, D Ebel, J DeSalvo, G Quach, T Bozada, C Dettmer, R Gillespie, J Jenkins, T Pettiford, C Sewell, J Merkel, K Wilson, A Lyke, J AF Cerny, C Via, D Ebel, J DeSalvo, G Quach, T Bozada, C Dettmer, R Gillespie, J Jenkins, T Pettiford, C Sewell, J Merkel, K Wilson, A Lyke, J GP IEEE TI Xs-MET, a reduced complexity fabrication process using complementary heterostructure field effect transistors for analog, low power, space applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1997 AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE - NAECON 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 1997) CY JUL 14-17, 1997 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc DE CHFET; SLIMFET; GaAs; InP; space electronics; radiation environments AB The requirements for space-based integrated circuit applications are defined with an emphasis on being radiation tolerant and low power consuming. Flexible analog signal processors (FASPs) are outlined as a means by which effective circuit designs can be utilized to perform a multitude of tasks. The development of complementary III-V technologies have been proven to meet the demands of the space environment, and have demonstrated the potential for frequency operation beyond 1GHz using power supply voltages at or below 1.5 Volts. The novel fabrication process known as Xs-MET (pronounced kismet, which uses the Creek letter chi, X, and stands for complementary heterostructure integrated single metal transistor), is introduced as a manufacturing technique to be used in FASP design. The Xs-MET fabrication process is outlined with preliminary device results presented. An example of a FASP circuit design using Xs-MET is provided. Conclusions regarding the utilization of the Xs-MET process for FASPs are outlined with comments focusing on a space-based demonstration. RP Cerny, C (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SPACE MISSION TECHNOL DIV,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3726-3 PY 1997 BP 622 EP 629 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ48D UT WOS:A1997BJ48D00085 ER PT B AU Hartrum, TC Karagias, T AF Hartrum, TC Karagias, T GP IEEE TI Generation of object-oriented formal software specifications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1997 AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE - NAECON 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 1997) CY JUL 14-17, 1997 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The ability to provide automated support for the generation of formal software specifications would lead to decreased software development time. By eliciting the needed information from a software developer and harvesting the proper parts of a domain model, a software specifications document can be created. This research establishes the feasibility of producing customized software specifications based on a formal object-oriented domain model [2]. First the existing Knowledge Based Software Engineering (KBSE) domain model is defined. The requirements for the Elicitor Harvester are then discussed. Allowable specializations of the domain model and user interaction are defined. A design capable of meeting those requirements using an existing domain model built with Reasoning Systems' Software Refinery is presented. Finally the implementation and testing of a feasibility demonstration of the Elicitor Harvester system is discussed. RP Hartrum, TC (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3726-3 PY 1997 BP 660 EP 667 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ48D UT WOS:A1997BJ48D00090 ER PT B AU Pilloud, EC Kanko, MA AF Pilloud, EC Kanko, MA GP IEEE TI SimWorx: An Ada 95 distributed simulation application framework supporting HLA and DIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1997 AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE - NAECON 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 1997) CY JUL 14-17, 1997 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc DE distributed interactive simulation; high level architecture; Ada 95; application framework AB This paper describes SimWorx, a reusable object-oriented application framework for distributed simulation which is compliant with both the DoD High Level Architecture (HLA) for Modeling and Simulation and the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS)standards. SimWorx provides a bridge between legacy DIS-based applications and the HLA. A researcher can create a new simulation which is an HLA federate using SimWorx which provides a built-in scheme for simulation operation. Then, by using the SimWorx DIS Surrogate Run-Time Infrastructure (RTI) in place of the standard HLA RTI (RTI F.O), the new simulation can interoperate with legacy applications. SimWorx was implemented in Ada 95 using software engineering methods. It is a concurrent system which takes advantage of Ada's task construct to ensure time-sensitive operations like dead-reckoning can take place while minimizing impact to other parts of the system design. It consists of numerous cooperating object-oriented classes. Client developers use inheritance extension to customize the behavior of the framework. RP Pilloud, EC (reprint author), USAF,COMMUN AGCY,HQ AFCA,XPS,SCOTT AFB,IL 62225, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3726-3 PY 1997 BP 732 EP 739 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ48D UT WOS:A1997BJ48D00099 ER PT B AU McKeeman, JC Montgomery, JB Clinton, BL Baxley, FO AF McKeeman, JC Montgomery, JB Clinton, BL Baxley, FO GP IEEE TI Mobile, embedded computer system for infrared data collection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1997 AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE - NAECON 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 1997) CY JUL 14-17, 1997 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The loss of aircraft to surface-to-air missiles in recent conflicts has focused renewed attention on building new infrared (IR) based missile warning systems. To ensure that these new systems are capable of discriminating missiles from background noise requires a thorough characterization of both the background noise and the missile signature data in the infrared spectrum. The best method for collecting these data is through the use of airborne IR imaging systems and their corresponding data collection units. Unfortunately, the physical size, power consumption, weight and cooling requirements of current data collection units prevent them from being used in most airborne applications. One goal of the Avionics Laboratory is to collect IR data for background characterization studies. Decreasing research budgets dictate that these data be collected economically. Therefore, Avionics Laboratory in-house personnel designed, built and fielded a low-cost IR data collection system mounted in a light aircraft. The design of the data collection system and some examples of imagery collected by the system are presented in this paper. Following this abstract, the reader is given a brief introduction to generalized IR imaging systems and the microprocessor used in the data collection unit. Readers familiar with IR camera systems and PowerPC microprocessors are referred to Section 2 which discusses the data collection system design. Section 3 presents some of the IR imagery captured by this system and Section 4 presents conclusions from this project as well as recommendations for follow on research RP McKeeman, JC (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,AAJP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3726-3 PY 1997 BP 820 EP 826 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ48D UT WOS:A1997BJ48D00112 ER PT B AU Malas, JA AF Malas, JA GP IEEE TI F-22 radar development SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1997 AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE - NAECON 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 1997) CY JUL 14-17, 1997 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The USAF F-22 Engineering, Manufacturing and Development (EMD) program has pushed the state of airborne fire control radar technology well beyond that found in today's fielded systems. Advancements in performance, reliability, and low observability have been realized in the design of the F-22's new APG-77 Radar through the implementation of active array technology, low noise receiver components, high density packaging, and advanced mode development. This paper will explore these advanced features from a systems engineering perspective by first introducing the F-22 Avionics System concept and then summarizing the hardware and software architecture which comprises the F-22 radar system. Unique F-22 advancements in survivability, lethality, reliability, and supportability are outlined briefly. Aircraft trade considerations that are unique to the implementation of an active array into a low radar cross section fighter application are discussed. Lessons learned in design trade areas such as power, cooling, packaging, weight, low radar cross section considerations, receiver design, antenna design, reliability, supportability, maintainability, and waveform design are reviewed. Implementation of this new capability would not be possible without the incorporation of new development processes and the transition of critical technology made available through the benefit of several long term joint government-industry technology base initiatives. Related details regarding solid state transmit/receive modules, electronically scanning arrays, and advanced radomes extending back to the Advanced Tactical Fighter Demonstration/Validation phase of the F-22 program are reviewed. RP Malas, JA (reprint author), USAF,AERONAUT SYST CTR,SYST PROGRAM OFF F22,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3726-3 PY 1997 BP 831 EP 839 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ48D UT WOS:A1997BJ48D00114 ER PT B AU Montgomery, JB Sanderson, RB Baxley, FO AF Montgomery, JB Sanderson, RB Baxley, FO GP IEEE TI Two color temporally correlated infrared background measurements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 1997 AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE - NAECON 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 1997) CY JUL 14-17, 1997 CL DAYTON, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc RP Montgomery, JB (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,AAJP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3726-3 PY 1997 BP 856 EP 863 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ48D UT WOS:A1997BJ48D00117 ER PT B AU Bishop, G Mazzella, A Rao, S Batchelor, A Fleming, P Lunt, N Kersley, L AF Bishop, G Mazzella, A Rao, S Batchelor, A Fleming, P Lunt, N Kersley, L GP INST NAVIGAT INST NAVIGAT INST NAVIGAT TI Validations of the SCORE process SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING - NAVIGATION AND POSITIONING IN THE INFORMATION AGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ION National Meeting on Navigation and Positioning in the Information Age CY JAN 14-16, 1997 CL SANTA MONICA, CA SP Inst Navigat AB The Self-Calibration Of pseudoRange Errors (SCORE, introduced at ION GPS-94 [1]) algorithm uses ionospheric measurements to calibrate GPS two-frequency receivers for all system components' contributions to pseudorange error [2]. To validate SCORE, the first logical choice is comparison to data obtained by other sensors such as ionosondes or computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) networks. However, most of these techniques are either less precise than GPS measurements or measure over a different region than GPS, making it necessary to model or assume the contributions in the non-common region. Thus, in this paper we examine multiple approaches to validation of the SCORE technique. These include: accuracy of satellite bias errors, accuracy of receiver bias errors, credibility of derived regional ionosphere, comparison of overlapping GPS observations, comparison to another calibration technique, comparison to total electron content (TEC) measurements from the Navy Navigation Satellite System (NNSS, or Transit) satellites, credibility of day-to-day variations in regional ionosphere measurements, comparison to radar measurements, and comparison to TOPEX satellite measurements. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, Geophys Directorate, Space Effects Div, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Bishop, G (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, Geophys Directorate, Space Effects Div, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 289 EP 296 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BK05J UT WOS:000071004000026 ER PT S AU Nelson, DE Starzyk, JA AF Nelson, DE Starzyk, JA GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Advanced feature selection methodology for automatic target recognition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-NINTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 09-11, 1997 CL COOKEVILLE, TN SP Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Mfg Res, Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Elect Power AB This paper investigates independent feature selection as used in neural networks for solving classification problems. Radial basis functions and wavelet transforms are used to preprocess the input data. A class of nonorthogonal classifiers is defined and their properties are investigated. It is demonstrated that nonorthogonal classifiers perform better than the orthogonal ones. Feature selection using mutual information is also investigated. Independence of features based on the information content is defined and used to select features for synthesis of ontogenic neural networks. Simulation results using synthetically generated radar returns showed promise for automatic target recognition. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,2010 5TH ST,BLDG 23,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 0094-2898 BN 0-8186-7873-9 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 1997 BP 24 EP 28 DI 10.1109/SSST.1997.581572 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BH39D UT WOS:A1997BH39D00005 ER PT J AU Ghebremichael, F Kuzyk, MG Lackritz, HS AF Ghebremichael, F Kuzyk, MG Lackritz, HS TI Nonlinear optics and polymer physics SO PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID 2ND HARMONIC-GENERATION; MATCHED 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; ROTATIONAL REORIENTATION DYNAMICS; DOPANT ORIENTATION DYNAMICS; CHEMICAL CROSS-LINKING; SIDE-CHAIN POLYMERS; GUEST-HOST POLYMER; WAVE-GUIDE; ELECTRIC-FIELD; DOPED POLYMER C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. PURDUE UNIV, SCH CHEM ENGN, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. RP USAF ACAD, DEPT PHYS, LASER & OPT RES CTR, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80840 USA. OI Kuzyk, Mark/0000-0003-3609-9754 NR 223 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6700 J9 PROG POLYM SCI JI Prog. Polym. Sci. PY 1997 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1147 EP 1201 DI 10.1016/S0079-6700(96)00027-5 PG 55 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YJ493 UT WOS:A1997YJ49300002 ER PT J AU Kennedy, PK Hammer, DX Rockwell, BA AF Kennedy, PK Hammer, DX Rockwell, BA TI Laser-induced breakdown in aqueous media SO PROGRESS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Review ID ND-YAG LASER; PULSED-DYE-LASER; Q-SWITCHED NEODYMIUM; CAVITATION BUBBLE DYNAMICS; INDUCED SHOCK-WAVES; POSTERIOR CAPSULE OPACIFICATION; ACOUSTIC TRANSIENT GENERATION; PICOSECOND OPTICAL-BREAKDOWN; HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY; FIRST-ORDER MODEL C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,OPT RADIAT DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. UNIV TEXAS,AUSTIN,TX 78712. NR 304 TC 173 Z9 180 U1 3 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0079-6727 J9 PROG QUANT ELECTRON JI Prog. Quantum Electron. PY 1997 VL 21 IS 3 BP 155 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0079-6727(97)00002-5 PG 94 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YC257 UT WOS:A1997YC25700001 ER PT B AU Maethner, SR Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM AF Maethner, SR Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM BE Bissonnette, LR Dainty, C TI Deconvolution from wave front sensing with optimal wave front estimation techniques SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging through the Atmosphere CY JUL 29-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Minimum variance wave front estimation techniques are used to improve Deconvolution from Wave front Sensing (DWFS), a method to mitigate the effects of atmospheric turbulence on imaging systems. Both least-squares and minimum variance wave front phase estimation techniques are investigated, using both Gaussian and Zernike polynomial elementary functions. Imaging simulations and established performance metrics are used to evaluate these wave front estimation techniques for a one-meter optical telescope. Results show that the minimum variance estimation technique that employs Zernike polynomial elementary functions provides the best mean and signal-to-noise ratio performance of all the investigated wave front estimation techniques. RP Maethner, SR (reprint author), 4TH SPACE OPERAT SQUADRON,50TH SPACE WING,300 OMALLEY AVE,FALCON AFB,CO, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2547-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3125 BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1117/12.279024 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BJ67Z UT WOS:A1997BJ67Z00019 ER PT B AU Wood, GE Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM AF Wood, GE Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM BE Bissonnette, LR Dainty, C TI Estimation of satellite orientation from space surveillance imagery measured with an adaptive optics telescope SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging through the Atmosphere CY JUL 29-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The use of the matched filter to automatically estimate the pose of a Low Earth Orbiting (LEG) satellite from imagery measured with an adaptive optics telescope is explored. The satellite pose estimation problem is studied for a broad range of atmospheric turbulence levels and target visual magnitudes. Several algorithms which use various types of image preprocessing are examined in an effort to determine the performance bounds on the matched filter for this application. Results presented here show that under normal imaging conditions, the matched filter approach proposed can be expected to yield correct pose estimations in over 80% of the trials considered. Additionally, it is shown that a significant portion of errors are between two poses that are very similar in appearance, such as views of the target about an axis of symmetry. When symmetry-based errors are allowed, correct pose estimations are obtained in over 90% of the cases tested. RP Wood, GE (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH ENGN,DEPT SPACE OPERAT,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2547-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3125 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1117/12.279025 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BJ67Z UT WOS:A1997BJ67Z00021 ER PT B AU Ryan, PT Johnston, DC Fugate, RQ AF Ryan, PT Johnston, DC Fugate, RQ BE Bissonnette, LR Dainty, C TI Scintillation characterization under diverse conditions SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging through the Atmosphere CY JUL 29-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE atmospheric turbulence; scintillation optical communication AB The Starfire Optical Range (SOR) has measured scintillation at 1.5 microns over a wide range of elevation angles. Comparison of measured results with theoretical expectations revealed widespread agreement. Increasing zenith angle produced increased spatial correlation distances and loss of high spatial frequency content. The magnitude of the increase in correlation distance agreed with accepted theory which predicts dependence on the distance to the turbulence, which is at the tropopause in this case. The bandwidth of the collected signal had no discernible effect on correlation distance nor on the amount of scintillation For the experimental bandwidths used, none were expected. Aperture averaging followed Yura and McKinley's prediction of a diameter to the 7/6th dependence. Using spatially separated apertures was also shown to be effective at decreasing the amount of scintillation beyond total area effects. Increasing the aperture dimensions had an even larger effect on the number of fades below a given threshold. For optical communication applications, this should be considered closely. RP Ryan, PT (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,STARFIRE OPT RANGE,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2547-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3125 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1117/12.283889 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BJ67Z UT WOS:A1997BJ67Z00025 ER PT B AU Welsh, BM Reeves, TD Roggemann, MC AF Welsh, BM Reeves, TD Roggemann, MC BE Bissonnette, LR Dainty, C TI Performance analysis of a Hartmann wavefront sensor used for sensing atmospheric turbulence statistics SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging through the Atmosphere CY JUL 29-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE adaptive optics; atmospheric optics; atmospheric turbulence; wavefront sensor AB The ability to measure atmospheric turbulence characteristics such as Fried's coherence diameter, the outer scale of turbulence, and the turbulence power law are critical for the optimized operation of adaptive optical telescopes. One approach for sensing these turbulence parameters is to use a Hartmann wavefront sensor (H-WFS) array to measure the wavefront slope structure function (SSF). The SSF is defined as the second moment of the wavefront slope difference between any two subapertures separated in time and/or space. Accurate knowledge of the SSF allows turbulence parameters to be estimated. The H-WFS slope measurements, composed of a true slope signal corrupted by noise, are used to estimate the SSF by computing a mean square difference of slope signals from different subapertures. This computation is typically performed over a large number of H-WFS measurement frames. The quality of the SSF estimate is quantified by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the estimator. The quality of the SSF estimate then can in turn be related to the quality of the atmospheric turbulence parameter estimates. This research develops a theoretical SNR expression for the SSF estimator. This SNR is a function of H-WFS geometry, the number of temporal measurement frames, the outer scale of turbulence, the turbulence spectrum power law, and the temporal properties of the turbulence. Results are presented for various H-WFS configurations and atmospheric turbulence properties. RP Welsh, BM (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,2950 P ST,BLDG 640,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2547-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3125 BP 298 EP 309 DI 10.1117/12.279027 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BJ67Z UT WOS:A1997BJ67Z00029 ER PT B AU Welsh, BM AF Welsh, BM BE Bissonnette, LR Dainty, C TI A Fourier Series based atmospheric phase screen generator for simulating anisoplanatic geometries and temporal evolution SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging through the Atmosphere CY JUL 29-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE adaptive optics; atmospheric optics; atmospheric turbulence AB A new Fourier Series atmospheric phase screen generator is introduced. A Fourier Series (FS) is used to represent the wavefront phase as a two dimensional periodic function. The period of the function is chosen to be much larger than the outer scale of the turbulence and thus the FS accurately represents the power in the low spatial frequencies of the wavefront. The accuracy of the representation of the high spatial frequencies is determined by the number of terms used in the FS expansion. The FS based screen generator is capable of simulating atmospheric-induced wavefront phase distortions arising from temporal and/or anisoplanatic conditions. Both the spatial and temporal correlations between wavefront phases screens separated by time and/or angle are properly modeled. The conventional approach of simulating temporal evolution by making a large phase screen and then shifting is avoided. The phase screen generator is presented in an extremely compact and simple vector notation that lends itself for almost immediate implementation on modern mathematical analysis software packages. RP Welsh, BM (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,2950 P ST,BLDG 640,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2547-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3125 BP 327 EP 338 DI 10.1117/12.279029 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BJ67Z UT WOS:A1997BJ67Z00032 ER PT B AU DelaRue, IA Ryan, PT Johnston, DC Fugate, RQ AF DelaRue, IA Ryan, PT Johnston, DC Fugate, RQ BE Bissonnette, LR Dainty, C TI Scintillation data comparison between a star and laser returns from a high altitude balloon payload SO PROPAGATION AND IMAGING THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Propagation and Imaging through the Atmosphere CY JUL 29-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE scintillation; high altitude balloon AB On 15 September 1996, a high altitude research balloon was launched SW of the Starfire Optical Range (SOR) on Kirtland AFB, NM. The primary purpose of the balloon launch was to test a low power satellite communications package developed under the direction of Dr. Charles Swenson of Utah State University. An equally important objective of this experiment was to collect laser scintillation data from the balloon at the 1.5-meter telescope located at the SOR. Scintillation data was also obtained from a star near the location (azimuth and elevation) of the balloon for comparison. The balloon payload was illuminated from the ground with a small aperture 810 nm laser diode transmitter and retro-reflected into the 1.5-meter telescope from a 1 inch optical corner cube. The returned light was detected by a photomultiplier tube. This paper examines the statistics of intensity fluctuations from these two sources and compares experimental results with theory. RP DelaRue, IA (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,STARFIRE OPT RANGE,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2547-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3125 BP 375 EP 384 DI 10.1117/12.283895 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BJ67Z UT WOS:A1997BJ67Z00037 ER PT J AU Campbell, JJ Duffy, JD AF Campbell, JJ Duffy, JD TI Treatment strategies in amotivated patients SO PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID AKINETIC MUTISM; BROMOCRIPTINE; METHYLPHENIDATE; REHABILITATION; INJURY; DAMAGE; APATHY C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR HLTH,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DIV NEUROPSYCHIAT & BEHAV MED,FARMINGTON,CT 06032. RP Campbell, JJ (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0048-5713 J9 PSYCHIAT ANN JI Psychiatr. Ann. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 44 EP 49 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WC800 UT WOS:A1997WC80000008 ER PT S AU Buonsanto, MJ Bust, G Clark, R Codrescu, M Crowley, G Emery, BA Fuller-Rowell, TJ Hoogeveen, G Jacobson, A Knipp, D Maurits, S Richards, PG Taylor, JR Watkins, BJ AF Buonsanto, MJ Bust, G Clark, R Codrescu, M Crowley, G Emery, BA Fuller-Rowell, TJ Hoogeveen, G Jacobson, A Knipp, D Maurits, S Richards, PG Taylor, JR Watkins, BJ BE Rawer, K Bilitza, D TI Recent results of the cedar storm study SO QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF IONOSPHERIC STORM EFFECTS AND IRREGULARITIES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT C4.2 Symposium on Quantitative Description of Ionospheric Storm Effects and Irregularities, at the 31st COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 14-21, 1996 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Comm Space Res, Int Union Radio Sci, UN Off Outer Space Affairs ID MAGNETIC STORM; JUNE 1991; POLAR-CAP; THERMOSPHERE; CONVECTION; IONOSPHERE AB The CEDAR storm study is a cooperative effort to study specific storm-intervals with particularly good data coverage. The aim is to involve interested scientists with F-region/thermosphere data or modelling capabilities in coordinated efforts to understand the coupled upper atmosphere regions at different heights and on a global scale. The major storms studied to date occurred in March 1990, June 1991,November 1993, and May 1995. In this paper the objectives and organization of the CEDAR Storm Study are described, and results from several recent projects are reported. These include attempts at a global description of high latitude ion convection related to magnetosphere changes; Joule and particle heating, neutral winds, temperatures, and composition; plasmaspheric irregularity imaging; ionospheric model validation; the relationship between SAR arcs, subauroral ion drift (SAID) events, and the ionospheric trough; high latitude patches and blobs; ionospheric storm effects observed by radio and optical tomographic techniques; upper thermosphere neutral winds at high and middle latitudes; and effects of energy transfer into the lower thermosphere and mesosphere on neutral winds. (C) 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingsbury ECE, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Comp Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Buonsanto, MJ (reprint author), MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043306-5 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1997 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1655 EP 1664 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00569-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK38K UT WOS:000071955500001 ER PT J AU Murphy, MD Paasch, R AF Murphy, MD Paasch, R TI Reliability centered prediction technique for diagnostic modeling and improvement SO RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING DESIGN-THEORY APPLICATIONS AND CONCURRENT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dependability; diagnosability; maintainability; reliability AB A diagnosability prediction metric is developed for system modeling of component failure rates and unjustified removals. The metric emphasizes ambiguity of system component indications as well as system structure. The metric is evaluated using historical data from the bleed air control system (BAGS) on the Boeing 737-300. Four design changes are suggested bused on improving system diagnosability by changing component functions, modifying indications, and adding ol changing sensors. The resulting designs are compared via Boeing's life cycle cost mechanism, DEPCOST model, based on cost improvements. It is shown that system improvements based on this prediction technique will increase the quality of a product since increased diagnosability decreases life cycle costs. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. USAF ACAD,DEPT ENGN MECH,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING, SURREY, ENGLAND GU7 3DJ SN 0934-9839 J9 RES ENG DES JI Res. Eng. Design-Theory Appl. Concurrent Eng. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 DI 10.1007/BF01607056 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA WQ409 UT WOS:A1997WQ40900004 ER PT J AU Maji, AK Satpathi, D AF Maji, AK Satpathi, D TI Electronic shearography for detecting disbonds in lattice/skin structures SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article AB Aluminum structures with an integral lattice (rib system) and skin currently are used for a variety of large space structures (Titan and Delta series) due to their structural efficiency. Various components of space structures will be manufactured out of graphite/epoxy composites in the future. Interstages of rockets, decks of small satellites (MightySat program), payload shrouds, solar cell substrates, rocket motor casings, etc., are being fabricated at the Air Force Phillips Laboratory. Tests have shown that the principal mode of initial failure in these structures involves separation between the skin and the ribs, during fabrication or loading. The redundancy of the rib system in these structures leads to alternate load paths that make it difficult to detect such defects. The fabrication, integration, and testing often are carried out in different parts of the country. It is therefore important to have a method of detecting and possibly quantifying the intergrity of the rib/skin interface. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that electronic shearography (ES) can be used to detect disbonds in rib/skin ''Isogrid'' structures. This laser-based interferometry technique provides fringe patterns that represent full-field displacement gradients. The ruggedness and portability of the system make it a prime candidate for in-service inspection of large structures. The observed fringe patterns change dramatically for disbonded ribs that form a basis for rapidly detecting disbonds over a large area. The expected fringe patterns can be quantified and compared with results from finite-element (FEM) analyses of the structure. A commercial FEM code was used with orthotropic material properties that are representative of the composites used. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP Maji, AK (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87117, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0934-9847 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA WW825 UT WOS:A1997WW82500001 ER PT J AU Shenberger, JS Shew, RL Johnson, DE Kannan, MS AF Shenberger, JS Shew, RL Johnson, DE Kannan, MS TI Relaxation of porcine tracheal smooth muscle by parathyroid hormone-related protein SO RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE channels; K+; Ca2+-activated; mammals; pig; mediators; parathyroid hormone; muscle; smooth; airways; trachea; smooth muscle ID ACTIVATED POTASSIUM CHANNELS; PTH-RELATED PROTEIN; GUINEA-PIG TRACHEA; MESSENGER-RNA; RAT; RECEPTOR; LOCALIZATION; PEPTIDE; CALCIUM; CELLS AB Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrp) has been shown to relax uterine and gastrointestinal smooth muscles, but the mechanisms underlying its effects have not been characterized. Furthermore, its effect on pulmonary smooth muscle is unknown. Therefore we designed the present study to determine the PTHrp dose-response; the interaction of PTHrp and PTH; and the role of cyclic nucleotides and potassium channels in the PTHrp response in porcine tracheal smooth muscle (TSM). Our results indicate that, (1-34)PTHrp causes dose-dependent relaxation of TSM; that (1-34)PTHrp and (1-34)PTH demonstrate cross-tachyphylaxis to one another; that phosphodiesterase inhibition augments and phosphodiesterase stimulation attenuates the relaxation response while guanylate cyclase blockade has little effect, and that charybdotoxin and iberiotoxin, inhibitors of large conductance, Ca2+-activated, K+ channels, diminish the relaxation response. These findings suggest that (1-34)PTHrp-induced relaxation of TSM is mediated through a common PTHrp/PTH pathway or receptor, stimulation of cAMP and activation of large conductance, Ca2+-activated, K+ channels. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,DEPT CELL BIOL & NEUROANAT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH VET MED,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP Shenberger, JS (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,PSP,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0034-5687 J9 RESP PHYSIOL JI Respir. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 107 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0034-5687(96)02462-0 PG 8 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA WP234 UT WOS:A1997WP23400006 PM 9089894 ER PT S AU Knipp, DJ Emery, BA AF Knipp, DJ Emery, BA BE Russell, CT TI Mapping ionospheric substorm response SO RESULTS OF THE IASTP PROGRAM SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D0.1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D on Results of the IASTP Program at the 31st COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 14-21, 1996 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Comm Space Res, Program Comm ID HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; CONVECTION AB In this article we briefly review the Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE) procedure and discuss responses to inferred dayside and nightside reconnection events from an ionospheric viewpoint. Output from the AMIE procedure is used to illustrate our discussion. We focus on events occurring just prior to and during the passage of a non-compressive density enhancement, a type of solar wind transient, on 3 November 1993, and during a more normal substorm event on 10 November 1993. We present instantaneous convection and current maps for several times during the events and 'difference maps', which show how the currents and convection change over short periods of time. The 'differencing' capability, especially when combined with other information, such as particle injection data and magnetometer pulsation data can provide a powerful diagnostic for identifying substorm onset and investigating substorm and reconnection response. (C) 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, HIGH ALTITUDE OBSERV, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. RP Knipp, DJ (reprint author), USAF ACAD, DEPT PHYS, SUITE 2A6, FAIRCHILD HALL, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80840 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043301-4 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4-5 BP 895 EP 905 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00497-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ97P UT WOS:A1997BJ97P00043 ER PT B AU Fiedler, CJ Ducharme, T Kwan, J AF Fiedler, CJ Ducharme, T Kwan, J BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI The Laser Ultrasonic Inspection System (LUIS) at the Sacramento Air Logistics Center SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 16A AND 16B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1996 CL BRUNSWICK, ME SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, US DOE, Ames Lab, FAA, NIST, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr Program RP Fiedler, CJ (reprint author), AFWAL,MLLP,WRIGHT LAB,2230 TENTH ST,SUITE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45597-8 J9 REV PROG Q PY 1997 VL 16 BP 515 EP 522 PN A&B PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BJ03K UT WOS:A1997BJ03K00068 ER PT B AU Fiedler, CJ Wagner, JW AF Fiedler, CJ Wagner, JW BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Interferometric detection of high frequency pulses of ultrasound in thin coatings SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 16A AND 16B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1996 CL BRUNSWICK, ME SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, US DOE, Ames Lab, FAA, NIST, Natl Sci Fdn, Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr Program RP Fiedler, CJ (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLLP,AFWAL,MAT DIRECTORATE,2230 TENTH ST,SUITE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45597-8 J9 REV PROG Q PY 1997 VL 16 BP 1579 EP 1584 PN A&B PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BJ03K UT WOS:A1997BJ03K00206 ER PT J AU Self, BP Pilmanis, AA Diesel, D Sears, WJ AF Self, BP Pilmanis, AA Diesel, D Sears, WJ GP SAFE ASSOC TI Extended exposure capability after rapid decompression at 60,000 feet and above SO SAFE - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM, SAFE ASSOCIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Symposium of the SAFE Association CY SEP 08-10, 1997 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB There are several offensive and defensive benefits for fighter aircraft to fly at altitudes of 60,000 ft and above. The kinematic range of air-to-air missiles is much greater in high-to-low shots, and high flying aircraft are less likely to be detected by surface threats. Fighter aircraft technology has increased to allow flight above 60,000 ft; similar advances in life support equipment must now be made. The physiologic limitations of hypoxia and decompression sickness at 60,000 ft and above have debilitating consequences. At these altitudes, pressure breathing at the required 70 mmHg cannot be sustained beyond a ''get-me-down'' scenario. The Sustained High Altitude Respiratory Protection and Enhanced Design ''G'' Ensemble (SHARP EDGE) is being developed to enable the pilot to remain at 60,000 ft and above and complete the mission after an unexpected rapid decompression. The system, which will be compatible with current anti-G suits, will consist of a fully enclosed pressure helmet with neck seal, pressure sleeves added to the vest, and gloves. The helmet design would incorporate a pressure breathing mask to provide +G(z) protection and an unpressurized crown area to prevent helmet rise. An iterative design process will be employed to investigate fit and comfort issues, to ensure maximum visibility and mobility, and to attain compatibility with current helmet mounted technologies. RP Self, BP (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,CREW TECHNOL DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 PY 1997 BP 431 EP 436 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BJ88H UT WOS:A1997BJ88H00047 ER PT J AU Diesel, DA White, CD Chen, YT Self, BP Zhou, JY AF Diesel, DA White, CD Chen, YT Self, BP Zhou, JY GP SAFE ASSOC TI Custom oxygen mask construction using computer assisted design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies SO SAFE - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM, SAFE ASSOCIATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Symposium of the SAFE Association CY SEP 08-10, 1997 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SAFE Assoc AB Production of custom oxygen masks for military aviation is a time consuming, labor intensive process. Previously, there was no custom mask option other than the MBU-5/P design, which is not suited for breathing positive pressure above 30 mmHg, nor can it be integrated with the USAF chemical defense hood. Research was initiated to determine the feasibility of using digitized anthropometric data to produce custom masks through CAD/CAM technologies. Success criteria include rapid production of a comfortable mask which will maintain 60 mmHg positive breathing pressure at acceleration forces of up to +9 G(z). A preliminary study revealed that custom mask design based upon static facial surface scans is not optimum and requires modification to provide a seal during the dynamic conditions of flight. A device was invented to replicate facial geometry while simulating soft tissue deformation incurred by the compression required for mask seal. The resulting surface geometry is digitized using a laser surface scanner. The custom seal portion of the mask face piece (i.e., the mask-face contact surface) is then merged with a standard mask design to form the custom mask computer model. This CAD model is used to build a mask hard-shell and a four-piece mold for the mask face piece (soft shell) by means of a rapid prototyping system called Fused Deposition Modeling(R). The face piece is then injection molded using silicone rubber. Functional masks have been built in both the MBU-20/P and MBU-12/P design. RP Diesel, DA (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,CREW TECHNOL DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAFE ASSOC PI YONCALLA PA 4995 SCOTTS VALLEY RD, PO BOX 490, YONCALLA, OR 97499-0490 PY 1997 BP 437 EP 441 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BJ88H UT WOS:A1997BJ88H00048 ER PT J AU Deffeyes, JE Lilenfeld, HV Reilly, JJ Mykytiuk, PD AF Deffeyes, JE Lilenfeld, HV Reilly, JJ Mykytiuk, PD TI Dry ice - UV light process for metal cleaning SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In order to reduce pollution generated by metal cleaning operations, a water-free, solvent-free cleaning process is being developed. The approach being investigated utilizes pellets of dry ice and ultraviolet light. The cleaning process is intended for use prior to metal finishing operations such as ion-vapor-deposited (IVD) aluminum, conversion coatings or anodize. Lab testing is on-going, and a limited shop trial may occur as soon as 1997. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,POLLUT PREVENT OFF,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Deffeyes, JE (reprint author), MCDONNELL DOUGLAS AEROSP,ST LOUIS,MO, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 58 EP 63 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA WA621 UT WOS:A1997WA62100010 ER PT J AU Morata, TC Engel, T Durao, A Costa, TRS Krieg, EF Dunn, DE Lozano, MA AF Morata, TC Engel, T Durao, A Costa, TRS Krieg, EF Dunn, DE Lozano, MA TI Hearing loss from combined exposures among petroleum refinery workers SO SCANDINAVIAN AUDIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Meeting of the American-Auditory-Society, at the 8th Annual Convention of the American-Academy-of-Audiology CY APR 21, 1996 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Amer Auditory Soc, Amer Acad Audiol DE benzene; cyclohexane; ethyl benzene; hearing; noise; solvent mixture; toluene; xylene ID METHYLATED BENZENE-DERIVATIVES; TERM COMBINED EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OTONEUROLOGICAL FINDINGS; INDUSTRIAL SOLVENTS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; PERIPHERAL-NERVE; VISUAL SYSTEMS; N-HEXANE; NOISE AB Workers from a refinery (n=438) were interviewed, had their hearing tested and had their exposures to noise and solvents assessed. Measurements suggested that most exposures to noise and solvents were within exposure limits recommended by international agencies; however, the prevalence for hearing loss within the exposed groups ranged from 42 to 50%, significantly exceeding the 15-30% prevalence observed for unexposed groups. The adjusted odds ratio estimates for hearing loss were 2.4 times greater for groups from aromatics and paraffins (95% CI 1.0-5.7), 3 times greater for the maintenance group (95% CI 1.3-6.9) and 1.8 times greater for the group from shipping (95% CI 0.6-4.9), when compared to unexposed workers from the warehouse and health clinic. The results of acoustic reflex decay tests suggest a retrocochlear or central auditory pathway involvement in the losses observed in certain job categories. These findings indicate that factors in addition to noise ought to be considered when investigating and preventing occupational hearing loss. C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,BIOACOUST & OCCUPAT VIBRAT SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. USAF,MED GRP 78,SGP FA,ROBINS AFB,GA. WHO,PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC. PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA SAO PAULO,DEPT COMMUN DISORDERS,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. COLSANITAS HLTH SERV,DEPT OCCUPAT HLTH,BOGOTA,COLOMBIA. RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 43 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0105-0397 J9 SCAND AUDIOL JI Scand. Audiol. PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.3109/01050399709074987 PG 9 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA XU324 UT WOS:A1997XU32400002 PM 9309809 ER PT J AU Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL AF Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL TI An analysis of the effect of normal plastic anisotropy on the tensile ductility of sheet tension specimens SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLLN,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Nicolaou, PD (reprint author), UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC,4401 DAYTON XENIA RD,DAYTON,OH 45432, USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(96)00342-9 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA VX362 UT WOS:A1997VX36200013 ER PT B AU Smith, RA Singer, C Hall, B Jozewicz, W AF Smith, RA Singer, C Hall, B Jozewicz, W BE Whitaker, AF ClarkIngram, M Hessler, SL TI An Air Force pollution prevention initiative ''Demonstration of a non-chromate conversion coating for ion vapor deposition (IVD) aluminum'' SO SECOND AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE NASA CONFERENCE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference CY AUG 06-08, 1996 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP NASA, NASA Operat Environm Team, NASA, Off Space Flight, SAMPE Space Mfg Trust Comm, Aerosp Ind Assoc, Air Transport Assoc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Met Int, Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Ctr Mfg Sci, Univ Alabama Huntsville AB The goal of this project is to demonstrate a non-chromate alternative to chromate conversion coatings currently used for ND aluminum-coated parts. When successful, this effort will improve the work environment at Air Force Air Logistics Centers (ALCs), reduce hazardous waste production from the IVD aluminum/conversion coating process, and virtually eliminate the need for expensive pollution control equipment. This alternative technology will replace the chromate conversion coating, comply with MIL-C-83488, and reduces hazardous waste generation and disposal. Stringent environmental and occupational health regulations for Air Force electroplating facilities are restricting pollutant discharges from the ALCs and have escalated the cost of waste disposal. Chromate conversion coatings contain hexavalent chrome, a known human carcinogen. Demonstration and validation of alternative conversion coatings for IVD aluminum are needed to ensure that coatings for Air Force aircraft parts will meet performance criteria in military specifications in an environmentally friendly manner. The Air Force ALCs are eliminating the use of cadmium processing for aircraft maintenance and overhaul in order to eliminate hazardous cadmium wastestreams. With the exception of a sacrificial, corrosion-resistant barrier, the replacement process, ion vapor deposition (IVD) of aluminum, eliminates many of the environmental problems associated with cadmium processing. The traditional corrosion barrier used with the IVD process uses a chromate conversion coating to provide additional corrosion protection and an improved base for paint or primer adhesion. The Air Force (Armstrong Laboratory, Environics Directorate) entered a contract with McDonnell Douglas Aerospace-East (MDA-E) in 1993 to identify a non-chromate coating alternative to traditional chromate conversion coating for IVD aluminum A number of conversion coating candidates were tested for adhesion and corrosion protection. In addition, the candidate coatings were subjected to a number of performance tests which included electrical resistance, adhesion, corrosion, humidity resistance, and fluid resistance. Results were then compared with a baseline chromate conversion coated panel. Following the full test cycle, the best candidate non-chromate conversion coatings were selected for the Armstrong Laboratory's demonstration and validation project which began in May, 1996. Acurex Environmental Corp. is the contractor performing the demonstration and WR-ALC, Robins Air Force Base, Georgia is the demonstration facility. RP Smith, RA (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,AL,EQR,139 BARNES DR,SUITE 2,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NASA PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON, DC 20546 J9 NASA CONF P PY 1997 VL 3349 BP 455 EP 460 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BJ47U UT WOS:A1997BJ47U00048 ER PT J AU Folck, J Lockwood, L Alford, C AF Folck, J Lockwood, L Alford, C BE Whitaker, AF ClarkIngram, M Hessler, SL TI Air force aeronautical systems center hazardous materials alternatives guide: A creative way to better exchange information SO SECOND AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE NASA CONFERENCE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference CY AUG 06-08, 1996 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP NASA, NASA Operat Environm Team, NASA, Off Space Flight, SAMPE Space Mfg Trust Comm, Aerosp Ind Assoc, Air Transport Assoc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Soc Met Int, Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Ctr Mfg Sci, Univ Alabama Huntsville AB This paper describes the results of work at Aeronautical Systems Center to develop more effective and easier to use ways to exchange technical and project information dealing with hazardous materials alternatives. The paper will discuss the background of the ASC technical effort and describe the features and content of the ASC Guide as it now resides on the Internet. It will also convey thoughts on future use and development of the resource. RP Folck, J (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NASA PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON, DC 20546 J9 NASA CONF P PY 1997 VL 3349 BP 621 EP 630 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BJ47U UT WOS:A1997BJ47U00065 ER PT B AU Michalicek, MA Comtois, JH Barron, CC AF Michalicek, MA Comtois, JH Barron, CC BE LaForge, L Bolouri, H Sciuto, D Tewksbury, S TI Design and characterization of next-generation micromirrors fabricated in a four-level, planarized surface-micromachined polycrystalline silicon process SO SECOND ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS IN SILICON, 1997 PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual IEEE International Conference on Innovative Systems in Silicon CY OCT 08-10, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc AB This paper describes the design and characterization of several types of micromirror devices to include process capabilities, device modeling, and test data resulting in deflection versus applied potential curves. These micromirror devices are the first to be fabricated in the state-of-the-art four-level planarized polysilicon process available at Sandia National Laboratories known as the Sandia Ultra-planar Multi-level MEMS Technology (SUMMiT). This enabling process permits the development of micromirror devices with near-ideal characteristics which have previously been unrealizable in standard three-layer polysilicon processes. This paper describes such characteristics as elevated address electrodes, individual address wiring beneath the device, planarized mirror surfaces using Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP), unique post-process metallization, and the best active surface area to date. This paper presents the design, fabrication, modeling, and characterization of several variations of Flexure-Beam (FBMD) and Axial-Rotation Micromirror Devices (ARMD). The released devices are first metallized using a standard sputtering technique relying on metallization guards and masks that are fabricated next to the devices. Such guards are shown to enable the sharing of bond pads between numerous arrays of micromirrors in order to maximize the number of on-chip test arrays. The devices are modeled and then empirically characterized using a laser interferometer setup located at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) at Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio. Unique design considerations for these micromirror devices and the SUMMiT process are also discussed. The models are then compared with the empirical data to produce a complete characterization of the devices in a deflection versus applied potential curve. RP Michalicek, MA (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SPACE TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4275-5 PY 1997 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.1109/ICISS.1997.630255 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ74C UT WOS:A1997BJ74C00015 ER PT B AU Ireland, R AF Ireland, R BE Alexander, JB Spencer, DD Schmit, S Steel, BJ TI Tactical deployments of laser systems into low-intensity conflicts SO SECURITY SYSTEMS AND NONLETHAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Security Systems and Nonlethal Technologies for Law Enforcement CY NOV 19-21, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Labs, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, Fed Bur Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Technol Ctr AB With the advancements in laser diode technology over the past three years laser systems are becoming smaller, more efficient, dependable, and inexpensive. They have proven field utility as illuminators, designators, rangefinders, and communicators. With the shifting roles of the military, new applications of lasers are being realized. Lasers are being used as Non-Lethal force multipliers in operations such as UNITED SHIELD. Future implementations of lasers in Non-Lethal roles may be seen in Bosnia. RP Ireland, R (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2336-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2934 BP 70 EP 74 DI 10.1117/12.265399 PG 5 WC Criminology & Penology; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Law; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Optics SC Criminology & Penology; Engineering; Government & Law; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BH14V UT WOS:A1997BH14V00010 ER PT J AU Comtois, JH Bright, VM AF Comtois, JH Bright, VM TI Applications for surface-micromachined polysilicon thermal actuators and arrays SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Solid State Sensors and Actuators Workshop (SSSAW-96) CY JUN 02-06, 1996 CL HILTON HEAD ISL, SC DE micromachining; thermal actuators; self-assembly; micromotors; micro-optics; actuator arrays AB Electro-thermal (E-T) actuators have been developed to complement the capabilities of electrostatic actuators. The thermal actuators presented here can be arrayed to generate high forces. Equally significant is that the single actuators and arrays of actuators operate at voltages and currents that are directly compatible with standard microelectronics. This paper demonstrates how combinations of two or more electrothermal actuators can be applied to a variety of basic building-block micromechanical devices: array of ten lateral actuators; array of ten vertical actuators; vertically actuated two-axis tilting mirror; corner-cube retroreflector actuated by lateral array; grippers over the die edge with flip-over wiring; rotary stepper motor; flip-up optical grating on rotary stepper motor; linear stepper motor; and a linear stepper motor for assembly of hinged structures. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 11 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 58 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0924-4247(97)80220-8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA XJ532 UT WOS:A1997XJ53200003 ER PT B AU Mullins, WM Irwin, RD Medina, EA AF Mullins, WM Irwin, RD Medina, EA BE Viswanathan, S Reddy, RG Malas, JC TI Stability analysis of microstructure evolution processes SO SENSORS AND MODELING IN MATERIALS PROCESSING: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Application of Sensors and Modeling to Materials Processing, at the 12th Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 09-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, EPD MDMD, Synthesis Control & Anal Mat Proc Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, EPD Proc Fundamentals Comm AB Various stability criteria are introduced and thermo-kinetic models for metallurgical processes are used as concrete examples for evaluation. Kinetic criteria for the process of dynamic recrystallization are proposed. These criteria are compared to the non-equilibrium thermodynamic approaches discussed in the literature. The application of macroscopic stability criteria to materials processing is then discussed. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, WLMLLPTMCI, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mullins, WM (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, WLMLLPTMCI, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSON INT NURSING PUBLICATIONS PI NEW YORK PA 133 EAST 58TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA BN 0-87339-372-4 PY 1997 BP 3 EP 22 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK38N UT WOS:000071956900001 ER PT B AU LeClair, SR Jackson, AG Benedict, MD Conrad, DM Cao, Y AF LeClair, SR Jackson, AG Benedict, MD Conrad, DM Cao, Y BE Viswanathan, S Reddy, RG Malas, JC TI Electronic prototyping: Toward future applications of sensors in materials processing SO SENSORS AND MODELING IN MATERIALS PROCESSING: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Application of Sensors and Modeling to Materials Processing, at the 12th Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 09-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, EPD MDMD, Synthesis Control & Anal Mat Proc Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, EPD Proc Fundamentals Comm AB Electronic Prototyping (EP) represents a new and powerful medium that many in science and technology view as the research paradigm of the future. Actually, EP has many handles, sometimes referred to as simulation-based design involving more long term objectives such as virtual reality, but regardless of the 'spin', the direction of EP is an enhanced visual paradigm to enable a new set of tools for engineers and scientists alike. Tools to not only automate, visualize and compute otherwise intractable problems but to enable augmentations of our ability to perceive that which is interesting and new - "a virtual version of a process" [1] prodding us on the pathways of materials and process discovery. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP LeClair, SR (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU MASSON INT NURSING PUBLICATIONS PI NEW YORK PA 133 EAST 58TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA BN 0-87339-372-4 PY 1997 BP 153 EP 160 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK38N UT WOS:000071956900011 ER PT B AU Jackson, AG Laube, SJP Jones, J AF Jackson, AG Laube, SJP Jones, J BE Viswanathan, S Reddy, RG Malas, JC TI Spectroscopic methods for control of thin film growth SO SENSORS AND MODELING IN MATERIALS PROCESSING: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Application of Sensors and Modeling to Materials Processing, at the 12th Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 09-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, EPD MDMD, Synthesis Control & Anal Mat Proc Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, EPD Proc Fundamentals Comm AB Control of thin films during the growth process is dependent on several parameters that are difficult to monitor, including flux of film material, pressure, substrate temperature, composition, and thickness. One means for easing this difficulty is to take advantage of emission spectra associated with the process and the film. For pulsed laser deposition (PLD), the ion cloud generated by the laser has characteristic emission spectra that call be used to control I:he flux and, hence, the film. For chemical vapor deposition, the species present can be determined using mass spectroscopy and specific peaks can be used to control the deposition. Raman spectroscopy affords the possibility of real-time control by sensing characteristic peaks associated with film composition and thickness. These spectroscopic methods offer a real-time alternative to process control that is very attractive, because of the ability to accurately control films to achieve the engineered structures and properties sought. Examples are presented to illustrate the capabilities of these methods for thin film preparation. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, MLIM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jackson, AG (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, MLIM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSON INT NURSING PUBLICATIONS PI NEW YORK PA 133 EAST 58TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA BN 0-87339-372-4 PY 1997 BP 225 EP 234 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK38N UT WOS:000071956900018 ER PT B AU Busbee, JD Lubbers, DP Jackson, AG Biggers, RR Liptak, DC Maartense, I AF Busbee, JD Lubbers, DP Jackson, AG Biggers, RR Liptak, DC Maartense, I BE Viswanathan, S Reddy, RG Malas, JC TI Raman Spectroscopy for determining YBCO thin film parameters in situ SO SENSORS AND MODELING IN MATERIALS PROCESSING: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Application of Sensors and Modeling to Materials Processing, at the 12th Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 09-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, EPD MDMD, Synthesis Control & Anal Mat Proc Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, EPD Proc Fundamentals Comm AB This paper describes the application of Raman Spectroscopy for characterizing superconducting YBCO thin film parameters. Attenuation of the substrate Raman spectrum as a unction of material deposited is established. Also a correlation between film quality and Raman spectrum is explored. The identification and discrimination of superconducting and non-superconducting phases of YBCO is presented. The critical temperature (Tc) of a film as a function of its oxygen content is also established using Raman peak ratios. These results provide significant implications toward the use of Raman Spectroscopy for in situ monitoring and control of the PLD process. Film quality can be controlled via optimization of film oxygen content and reduction of improper YBCO phases. Film thickness can be controlled by monitoring the response of the substrate material. Also the PLD process can be studied and modeled using this powerful observation tool. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Busbee, JD (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSON INT NURSING PUBLICATIONS PI NEW YORK PA 133 EAST 58TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA BN 0-87339-372-4 PY 1997 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK38N UT WOS:000071956900019 ER PT B AU Dutton, RE Stubbs, DA AF Dutton, RE Stubbs, DA BE Viswanathan, S Reddy, RG Malas, JC TI An ultrasonic sensor for high temperature materials SO SENSORS AND MODELING IN MATERIALS PROCESSING: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Application of Sensors and Modeling to Materials Processing, at the 12th Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 09-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, EPD MDMD, Synthesis Control & Anal Mat Proc Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, EPD Proc Fundamentals Comm AB A sensor has been developed and tested that is capable of emitting and receiving ultrasonic energy at temperatures exceeding 900 degrees C and pressures above 150 MPa. The sensor works with standard ultrasonic purser-receivers and has demonstrated the capability of measuring workpiece deformation during hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Details of the sensor design, performance, and coupling of the ultrasound to the workpiece are described. Ultrasonic data acquired by the sensor, in situ, during HIP runs and at elevated temperatures in air are presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wright Lab, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dutton, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wright Lab, MLLM, Bldg 655,2230 10th St,Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASSON INT NURSING PUBLICATIONS PI NEW YORK PA 133 EAST 58TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA BN 0-87339-372-4 PY 1997 BP 295 EP 303 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK38N UT WOS:000071956900024 ER PT B AU Mullins, WM Irwin, RD Malas, JC Venugopal, S AF Mullins, WM Irwin, RD Malas, JC Venugopal, S BE Viswanathan, S Reddy, RG Malas, JC TI Examination of the use of acoustic emission for monitoring metal forging processes: A study using simulation techniques SO SENSORS AND MODELING IN MATERIALS PROCESSING: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Application of Sensors and Modeling to Materials Processing, at the 12th Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 09-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, EPD MDMD, Synthesis Control & Anal Mat Proc Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, EPD Proc Fundamentals Comm AB Physical models for acoustic emission (AE) are introduced and expressions are derived to predict AE activity from such parameters as applied stress, st:rain and strain-rate. These models are then incorporated into a visco-plastic finite-element simulation program, and the acoustic emission event rate generated during metal forming operations are predicted. Simulation results are presented for upsetting operations on a typical C-Mn type steel for various friction and die geometry conditions. The AE model predictions compare well with the limited available experimental results reported in the literature and demonstrate that AE signatures can be reliably simulated. The signatures predicted for metal forging are fairly insensitive to processing parameter changes. This suggests that AE event rate monitoring may not be well suited to process monitoring for forging. However, the size of the features is conjectured to influence the frequency content of the AE signals. Thus, since current simulations include only the ability to predict the number of events for a set of processing conditions, future work is required to simulate the duration and magnitude of acoustic events. Fourier analysis techniques may then be applied to investigate correlation with microstructural features. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, MLLP, TMCI, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mullins, WM (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, MLLP, TMCI, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASSON INT NURSING PUBLICATIONS PI NEW YORK PA 133 EAST 58TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA BN 0-87339-372-4 PY 1997 BP 305 EP 314 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK38N UT WOS:000071956900025 ER PT J AU Ryan, KL Frei, MR Jauchem, JR AF Ryan, KL Frei, MR Jauchem, JR TI Circulatory failure induced by 35 GHz microwave heating: Effects of chronic nitric oxide synthesis inhibition SO SHOCK LA English DT Article ID SYMPATHETIC-NERVE ACTIVITY; L-ARGININE; CONSCIOUS RATS; CARDIOVASCULAR-RESPONSES; SYNTHASE INHIBITION; HYPERTENSION; BLOCKADE; HYPERTHERMIA; BLOOD; MECHANISM AB Sustained exposure to radiofrequency radiation of millimeter wave (MMW) length produces hyperthermia and subsequent circulatory failure. This study sought to determine whether this phenomenon is altered by chronic pretreatment with the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Rats drank either 1) water, 2) water + L-NAME, or 3) water + L-NAME + L-arginine (at 20 and 50 times the dose of L-NAME) for 14 days, Ketamine-anesthetized rats were exposed to MMW until mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) fell to 75 mmHg, at which point MMW exposure was discontinued. MAP initially increased during exposure in all groups; the presser response in L-NAME-treated rats was greater than that in water-drinking rats. Subsequently, MAP fell in all groups. The MMW exposure time required to reach MAP = 75 mmHg was significantly reduced in L-NAME-treated rats, although survival times (post-MMW) of L-NAME-treated and control rats were not statistically different. Coadministration of L-arginine abolished the enhanced presser response produced by L-NAME, but did not completely reverse the shortened MMW exposure time in L-NAME-treated rats. Thus, chronic NO synthesis inhibition with L-NAME reduces the ability of rats to withstand 35 GHz microwave heating, suggesting that NO does not mediate the hypotension produced by this form of hyperthermia. C1 USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,RADIOFREQUENCY RADIAT DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. RP Ryan, KL (reprint author), TRINITY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,715 STADIUM DR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78212, USA. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMEDICAL PRESS PI AUGUSTA PA 1021 15TH ST, BIOTECH PARK STE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901 SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD JAN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 70 EP 76 DI 10.1097/00024382-199701000-00010 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA VZ754 UT WOS:A1997VZ75400010 PM 8989840 ER PT B AU Cranos, R AF Cranos, R BE Kadar, I TI Combat identification in the future: Maintaining the balance SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition VI CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers RP Cranos, R (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AAZI,COMBAT IDENTIFICAT BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2483-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3068 BP 484 EP 490 DI 10.1117/12.280830 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ39A UT WOS:A1997BJ39A00047 ER PT B AU Blair, M LeClair, SR Zweber, JV Chemaly, A AF Blair, M LeClair, SR Zweber, JV Chemaly, A GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Multidisciplinary design for uninhabited air vehicles SO SIXTH IEEE WORKSHOPS ON ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES: INFRASTRUCTURE FOR COLLABORATIVE ENTERPRISES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE Workshops on Enabling Technologies - Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET-ICE 97) CY JUN 18-20, 1997 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Concurrent Engn Res Ctr, W Virginia Univ, IEEE Commun Soc, Tech Comm Informat Infrastruct, Assoc Comp Machinery, SIGGROUP HO MIT AB Contemporary product design and process development is based on an iterative specify-evaluate-revise approach which is often time intensive and therein non-responsive to customer needs. The engineering of a product incorporates numerous stages involving conceptual through detailed design. For small quantities or lot sizes (1-25 parts), the product design and process planning steps account for an inordinate share of the overall development cycle. An integrated geometric, performance analysis, and materials processing evaluation environment for concurrent, multidisciplinary design is needed to not only address design-through-production efficiencies and costs but enable more responsive product development cycles. The environment should enable the user to interactively evaluate alternative designs, not only of individual components or subsystems but combinatorial alternatives varying materials, performance envelopes and sizing. All of these issues are particularly relevant to a new class of aircraft, an uninhabited air vehicle (UAV), which is both unique in terms of its mission as well as vehicle life, environmental constraints, and component through system reliability and maintainability. RP Blair, M (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7967-0 PY 1997 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1109/ENABL.1997.630786 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJ77B UT WOS:A1997BJ77B00005 ER PT J AU May, DA Good, RB Smith, DK Parsons, TW AF May, DA Good, RB Smith, DK Parsons, TW TI MR imaging of musculoskeletal tumors and tumor mimickers with intravenous gadolinium: Experience with 242 patients SO SKELETAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnetic resonance imaging; sarcoma; tumor; gadolinium; myxoma; Morton's neuroma; ganglion cyst ID SOFT-TISSUE TUMORS; DTPA ENHANCEMENT; GD-DTPA; GADOPENTETATE DIMEGLUMINE; FAT-SUPPRESSION; MORTON NEUROMA; RESONANCE; OSTEOSARCOMA; CHEMOTHERAPY; NEOPLASMS AB Purpose, This pictorial essay reviews our experience with MR scans with gadolinium in patients with musculoskeletal tumors and tumor mimickers. Design. Review of 242 MR scans obtained in the initial evaluation of a possible primary musculoskeletal neoplasm. All scans included a T1-weighted, fat-suppressed sequence following intravenous administration of gadolinium. Results. MR scans with gadolinium did not contribute to differential diagnosis or patient management in 89% of the patients in this series. However, intravenous gadolinium did assist in guiding the biopsy of bulky lesions and evaluating treated tumor beds for possible recurrence, MR scans with gadolinium were sometimes helpful when the differential diagnosis included synovitis, Morton's neuroma or intramuscular myxoma, and when it was important to differentiate cystic from solid lesions. Conclusions. Routine use of gadolinium in every initial MR examination of a possible musculoskeletal mass is not warranted. However, there are appropriate selected indications for gadolinium administration as outlined above. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ORTHOPAED SURG,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. RP May, DA (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,PSRD,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 44 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-2348 J9 SKELETAL RADIOL JI Skeletal Radiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 2 EP 15 PG 14 WC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WF201 UT WOS:A1997WF20100003 PM 9040136 ER PT J AU May, DA McCabe, KM Kuivila, TE AF May, DA McCabe, KM Kuivila, TE TI Intraosseous ganglion in a 6-year-old boy SO SKELETAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ganglion; intraosseous ganglion; child; Pierre-Robin syndrome AB The case of a 6-year-old child with an intraosseous ganglion of the distal femur is reported. We believe this is the youngest patient reported with this condition. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ORTHOPED SURG,LACKLAND AFB,TX. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-2348 J9 SKELETAL RADIOL JI Skeletal Radiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WF201 UT WOS:A1997WF20100015 PM 9040148 ER PT B AU Waters, DP Balas, MJ AF Waters, DP Balas, MJ BE Regelbrugge, ME TI Impact damage mitigation utilizing reduced-order direct model reference adaptive control SO SMART STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS - SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1997 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Structures and Integrated Systems - Smart Structures and Materials 1997 CY MAR 03-06, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, USAF Wright Lab, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Phys Soc, Div Mat Phys, Ceram Soc Japan, USA Res Lab, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE adaptive control; damage mitigation; impact damage AB As control systems become integrated with structures in such applications as vibration suppression and structural shape modification, a damage tolerance/mitigation concern must be addressed. The fundamental issue of this concern is whether the controller is robust enough to remain stable after a step change in the structural parameters as a result of impact damage. A secondary issue is whether the controller can continue to perform its intended function (even if at some reduced level of effectiveness) following impact damage. Due to the complexity of the structural system such a controller must be lower-order than the structure that is controlled. This paper builds on previous research by Waters and Balas to demonstrate the effectiveness and limitations of a reduced-order Direct Model Reference Adaptive Control (DMRAC) algorithm for damage mitigation. The reduced-order model matching conditions for implementing this algorithm and the theoretical stability results are presented. Also presented are simulation results demonstrating the effectiveness of the DMRAC algorithm in forcing a higher-order damaged plant to track a lower-ordered reference model. These simulation results look at matching a second-order plant to a first-order reference model, and a fourth-order plant to both a first- and second-order reference model. The results of these simulations indicate that a reduced-order DMRAC algorithm can, in some cases, effectively stabilize the system following severe damage to the structure, even if the system becomes inherently unstable. Additionally, the reduced-order DMRAC algorithm still allows for steady state tracking by the damaged smart structure of a reference input. RP Waters, DP (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT MECH ENGN,2354 FAIRCHILD DR,SUITE 6H2,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2454-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3041 BP 619 EP 626 DI 10.1117/12.275685 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Optics GA BJ06V UT WOS:A1997BJ06V00053 ER PT S AU Beers, SM AF Beers, SM GP IEEE TI High-level decisions from low-level data SO SMC '97 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: CONFERENCE THEME: COMPUTATIONAL CYBERNETICS AND SIMULATION SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNATICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Computational Cybernetics and Simulation (SMC 97) CY OCT 12-15, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB Decision-makers long for information that will make their decision processes easy and accurate. A methodology is proposed which begins with low information-content data, such as that derived from system testing, and aggregates/synthesizes the information to a higher information-content level, where it is meaningful to the decision-maker. The entire methodology, termed the intelligent Hierarchical Decision Architecture, is composed of four stages which takes low level test data gathered at the functional performance information level as input and the final output is a probabilistic bound on the system performance at the operational task-accomplishment information level. RP Beers, SM (reprint author), USAF,OPERAT TEST & EVALUAT CTR,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4054-X J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1997 BP 1948 EP 1953 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BJ80Y UT WOS:A1997BJ80Y00339 ER PT S AU Ashby, GF Kramer, SC AF Ashby, GF Kramer, SC GP IEEE TI Integrated design, evaluation, and decision making for small satellite design SO SMC '97 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: CONFERENCE THEME: COMPUTATIONAL CYBERNETICS AND SIMULATION SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNATICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Computational Cybernetics and Simulation (SMC 97) CY OCT 12-15, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB Design of complex systems requires consideration of many alternatives. Complexity increases the number of possible solutions and makes evaluation of the alternatives more difficult at the same time. The design process can be made more effective if the designers have the ability to create, evaluate, and trade-off preliminary designs in a single integrated environment. Such an environment has been created for the design of a small satellite bus for tactical mission applications. The program literally allows the designer to build a satellite from the ground up, allowing him to select individual satellite subcomponents with their specific attributes (power, size, mass, etc.) and specify where they are to placed within the satellite. The program next evaluates the proposed design against a number of established performance metrics and checks for constraint violations. Then, using user-defined value functions and weights, the program computes value scores and a single weighted composite score. The program allows direct comparison of multiple designs in terms of both individual performance measures and total scores, and can easily adapted to include other performance measures, component types, and component characteristics. The internal evaluation models can be changed at will to adapt to the current level of design detail. RP Ashby, GF (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4054-X J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1997 BP 2341 EP 2346 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BJ80Y UT WOS:A1997BJ80Y00409 ER PT S AU Chen, CLP Cao, Y LeClair, SR AF Chen, CLP Cao, Y LeClair, SR GP IEEE TI Material structure-property prediction using orthogonal functional basis neural network SO SMC '97 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5: CONFERENCE THEME: COMPUTATIONAL CYBERNETICS AND SIMULATION SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNATICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Computational Cybernetics and Simulation (SMC 97) CY OCT 12-15, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB An important trend in materials research is to predict properties for a new material. Often the prediction is motivated by the search for a material with several important materials property features. The selection of the property features is crucial to the plausibility of the prediction. This paper proposes a neural-network computing approach to evaluate this issue. With the proposed approach. we are able to predict property features for an unknown compound. In this paper we summarize the prediction attained with the proposed neural network structure - Orthogonal Functional Basis Neural Network (OFBNN). network, which combines a new basis selection process and a regularization technique, not only gives us a more computationally tractable method, but better generalization performance. Simulation studies presented here demonstrate the performance, behavior, and advantages of the proposed network. RP Chen, CLP (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-4054-X J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 1997 BP 2521 EP 2526 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BJ80Y UT WOS:A1997BJ80Y00441 ER PT B AU Stohrer, FF VanScotter, JR Shane, GS Burnett, JR AF Stohrer, FF VanScotter, JR Shane, GS Burnett, JR GP SOC TECH COMMUN TI Rating classroom presentations: Does prior acquaintance matter? SO SOCIETY FOR TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION 44TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, 1997 PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference of the Society-for-Technical-Communication CY MAY 11-14, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Tech Commun AB This study examines the effects of acquaintance on performance ratings. Models of cognitive processes in performance rating support the expectation that raters will judge ratees with whom they are acquainted differently from ratees with whom they are not acquainted. To test that expectation, 104 Air Force officers enrolled in Master's Degree communication methods courses watched four video-taped briefings and rated each briefer's performance. This population more accurately represents supervisors in the work force than previous studies. Results show that raters more accurately rated those with whom they were acquainted. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT GRAD LOGIST MANAGEMENT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION PI ARLINGTON PA 901 N STUART ST, SUITE 904, ARLINGTON, VA 22203-1854 BN 0-914548-95-6 PY 1997 BP 19 EP 22 PG 4 WC Communication SC Communication GA BJ02T UT WOS:A1997BJ02T00008 ER PT B AU Li, GM Burggraf, LW AF Li, GM Burggraf, LW BE Dunn, BS Mackenzie, JD Pope, EJA Schmidt, HK Yamane, M TI Laser processing of sol-gel coatings for infrared applications SO SOL-GEL OPTICS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sol-Gel Optics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE laser processing; sol-gel coating; infrared material; magnesium aluminate film AB A new laser processing technique was proposed and demonstrated for producing high-temperature sol-gel coatings on substrates like ZnSe or chalcogenide infrared fibers which cannot be exposed to relatively high temperatures involved in most sol-gel processes. Our approach is similar to the ''indirect writing'' technique except that an air gap is inserted between the sol-gel coating and the light absorber so as not to affect the optical coating. Our processing technique integrates optical sol-gel coatings having tailored properties of porosity, surface area, and surface affinity with substrate materials used for integrated and fiber optic infrared technologies such as optical sensors. RP Li, GM (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN PHYS,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2558-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3136 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.1117/12.279164 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BJ78V UT WOS:A1997BJ78V00031 ER PT J AU Linster, BG AF Linster, BG TI Income tax compliance and evasion: A graphical approach SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP Linster, BG (reprint author), USAF ACAD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PI CHAPEL HILL PA SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 SN 0038-4038 J9 SOUTHERN ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 63 IS 3 BP 788 EP 796 DI 10.2307/1061110 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA WC366 UT WOS:A1997WC36600017 ER PT S AU Anderson, E Collins, P AF Anderson, E Collins, P BE Bainum, PM May, GL Nagatomo, M Uesugi, KT Fu, BC Zhang, H TI Pilot procedures for Kankoh-Maru operations SO SPACE COOPERATION INTO THE 21ST CENTURY SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Space Conference of Pacific Basin Societies (7th ISCOPS) - Space Cooperation into the 21st-Century CY JUL 15-18, 1997 CL NAGASAKI, JAPAN SP Japanese Rocket Soc, Chinese Soc Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc AB This paper is intended to serve as a basis for discussion of both normal and emergency operating procedures for a fully re-usable, piloted, VTOVL (Vertical Take-Off, Vertical Landing), SSTO (Single-Stage-To-Orbit) rocket. The reference vehicle is the "Kankoh-Maru", a transport of approximately 550 tons GLOW (Gross Lift-Off Weight) designed by the Japanese Rocket Society primarily for transport of tourists to and from low Earth orbit (Ref. 1). As such the paper also illustrates the survivable, savable nature of such a rocket provided that it is designed and operated as if it were an aircraft, based on the safety philosophy developed within the aviation industry over decades of operations. For this purpose we consider flight procedures for two typical cases, a commercial "airline" flight to and from an orbiting facility, and operation as an all-purpose cargo transport. While many details remain to be determined, a reasonably good picture of Kankoh-maru operations can be drawn. It is clear that, in order to make space transportation routine, a key requirement is the adoption of "aviation philosophy" by designers of reusable launch vehicles. C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Anderson, E (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-438-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1997 VL 96 BP 647 EP 692 PG 46 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BK50K UT WOS:000072379900063 ER PT S AU Spencer, DB Campbell, WS Chobotov, VA AF Spencer, DB Campbell, WS Chobotov, VA BE Bainum, PM May, GL Nagatomo, M Uesugi, KT Fu, BC Zhang, H TI Current space debris research in the US Department of Defense SO SPACE COOPERATION INTO THE 21ST CENTURY SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Space Conference of Pacific Basin Societies (7th ISCOPS) - Space Cooperation into the 21st-Century CY JUL 15-18, 1997 CL NAGASAKI, JAPAN SP Japanese Rocket Soc, Chinese Soc Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc AB A research program was established by the United States Department of Defense (DoD) at the U.S. Air Force's Phillips Laboratory (PL) in 1990 to assess the small orbital debris environment, characterize the hazard it might pose to DoD assets, and develop new mitigation techniques to minimize the creation of debris. This program is comprised of three areas of activity: debris measurements, debris modeling, and debris mitigation. Debris measurements are utilized to understand the current environment and to observe growth trends. Measurement activities include detecting, tracking and analyzing small objects that are not presently in the Space Control Center (SCC) Catalog. Debris modeling allows for estimates of the unmeasured population and its possible effects on space operations. Modeling activities include developing a number of computer-based tools to supplement the limited measurement data and to assess the possible effects of space debris on DoD assets. Together, these models allow for estimates to be made of a wide spectrum of debris related hazards. Debris mitigation studies are conducted to develop strategies for debris minimization and protection. Activities include developing guidelines for controlling growth in the debris population, proposing minimization practices for DoD space systems, developing techniques to harden space assets against the effects of the debris environment if necessary, assisting DoD in planning space tests, and providing technical input for space debris policy formulation. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview-of the space debris research and analysis capabilities that exist in the U.S. Department of Defense. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, VTSA, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Spencer, DB (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, VTSA, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-438-9 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1997 VL 96 BP 959 EP 977 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BK50K UT WOS:000072379900086 ER PT S AU Lamp, T Liu, S Ramalingam, ML AF Lamp, T Liu, S Ramalingam, ML BE ElGenk, MS TI Contacts for wide bandgap semiconductor materials SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONFERENCE ON FUTURE SCIENCE & EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS; 1ST CONFERENCE ON SYNERGISTIC POWER & PROPULSION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY; 1ST CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF THERMOPHYSICS IN MICROGRAVITY; 2ND CONFERENCE ON COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE; - 2ND CONFERENCE ON NEXT GENERATION LAUNCH SYSTEMS; 14TH SYMPOSIUM ON SPACE NUCLEAR POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-97) CY JAN 26-30, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Def Special Weapons Agcy, NASA, UN DOE, USAF AB Several metal systems were evaluated to determine their ability to form electrical contacts on diamond and silicon carbide (SiC) materials. Experimental metal contacts were applied to doped samples of both diamond and SiC. The diamond contacts work reported herein focuses on the electrical and thermal stability properties of Au, Ni/W and Al/W contacts on p-type polycrystalline diamond films. These contacts on diamond exhibited perfect ohmic behavior in the as-deposited condition. Resistivities were on the order of 10(-4) ohm-cm(2) Although a number of ohmic contact systems on SiC were studied, the contact work reported herein specifically addresses the electrical performance and thermal stability of Ni/Cr/W on n-type 6H- and 4H-SiC. It was found that ohmic contacts are formed to both 6H- and 4H-SiC after annealing at 1273 K to 1323 K for 5 to 10 minutes. Contact resistivity ranges between 10(-4) and 10(-6) ohm-cm(2) with excellent reproducibility. Testing of the SIC contact system at 923 K over a period of 3000 hours revealed no degradation in performance. RP Lamp, T (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AERO PROP & POWER DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-679-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 387 BP 359 EP 364 DI 10.1063/1.52015 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BH56D UT WOS:A1997BH56D00055 ER PT S AU Reinhardt, K AF Reinhardt, K BE ElGenk, MS TI Directions in US air force space power energy generation and distribution SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONFERENCE ON FUTURE SCIENCE & EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS; 1ST CONFERENCE ON SYNERGISTIC POWER & PROPULSION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY; 1ST CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF THERMOPHYSICS IN MICROGRAVITY; 2ND CONFERENCE ON COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE; - 2ND CONFERENCE ON NEXT GENERATION LAUNCH SYSTEMS; 14TH SYMPOSIUM ON SPACE NUCLEAR POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-97) CY JAN 26-30, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Def Special Weapons Agcy, NASA, UN DOE, USAF AB Recent trends in the development of high efficiency, light-weight, reliable and cost-effective space power technologies needed to support the development of near-term, next-generation government and commercial satellites will be discussed. Significant advancements in light-weight and reduced volume electrical power system (EPS) components are required to enable the design of future smallsats with power requirements of less than 1000 W to monster-sats having projected power demands ranging from 10-50 kW for civilian and military communications and space based radar needs. For these missions increased emphasis is placed on reducing total satellite mass to enable use of smaller, less costly, and easier to deploy launch vehicles. In support of these requirements a complement of power generation, power management and distribution, and energy storage technologies are under development at the Air Force Phillips Laboratory Space and Missiles Technology Directorate. Specific technologies presented in this paper include high efficiency multijunction solar cells, low-cost thin-film solar cells, ultra light-weight flexible solar arrays, solar electric thermal converters, and high-voltage (70-130 V) and high-efficiency power management and distribution (PMAD) electronics. The projected impact of EPS subsystem performance on existing, near-term, and next-generation 10-50 kW military satellites will be discussed, along with technical issues and status of EPS component development. RP Reinhardt, K (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,VTV,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-679-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 387 BP 427 EP 429 DI 10.1063/1.52026 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BH56D UT WOS:A1997BH56D00065 ER PT S AU Taferner, WT Kim, E Bensaoula, A Waters, K Schultz, A AF Taferner, WT Kim, E Bensaoula, A Waters, K Schultz, A BE ElGenk, MS TI Group III-nitride materials growth using gas source molecular beam epitaxy SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONFERENCE ON FUTURE SCIENCE & EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS; 1ST CONFERENCE ON SYNERGISTIC POWER & PROPULSION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY; 1ST CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF THERMOPHYSICS IN MICROGRAVITY; 2ND CONFERENCE ON COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE; - 2ND CONFERENCE ON NEXT GENERATION LAUNCH SYSTEMS; 14TH SYMPOSIUM ON SPACE NUCLEAR POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-97) CY JAN 26-30, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Def Special Weapons Agcy, NASA, UN DOE, USAF AB Group III-Nitride materials, such as GaN, AIN, and CN have applications in a number of areas which are relevant to both earth and space based industries. Their successful development will allow for devices which withstand operation in extreme environments (>500 degrees C) and optoelectronic systems sensitive in the blue to UV range of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the past few years, at SVEC, we have developed a number of growth and characterization tools that are tailored to the synthesis of these nitride materials. As a result we have synthesized BN, CN, and GaN using both ion beam assisted deposition and gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GS-MBE) with both nitrogen and ammonia. In this presentation we will describe the instrumentation developed as part of this program and present results for the thin films synthesized by these methods. In particular, the investigation of the onset of heteroepitaxy and growth of GaN films on various substrates will be presented using the ion scattering techniques in-situ time of flight direct recoil spectroscopy (TOF-DRS) and mass spectroscopy of recoiled ions (MSRI) and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). RP Taferner, WT (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLBM,BLDG 652 RM 133,2941 P ST,SUITE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-679-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 387 BP 791 EP 800 DI 10.1063/1.52082 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BH56D UT WOS:A1997BH56D00122 ER PT S AU Roth, M Ramalingam, M Slenski, G AF Roth, M Ramalingam, M Slenski, G BE ElGenk, MS TI High temperature performance mapping and failure analysis of 4H-silicon carbide MOSFETS SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONFERENCE ON FUTURE SCIENCE & EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS; 1ST CONFERENCE ON SYNERGISTIC POWER & PROPULSION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY; 1ST CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF THERMOPHYSICS IN MICROGRAVITY; 2ND CONFERENCE ON COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE; - 2ND CONFERENCE ON NEXT GENERATION LAUNCH SYSTEMS; 14TH SYMPOSIUM ON SPACE NUCLEAR POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-97) CY JAN 26-30, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Def Special Weapons Agcy, NASA, UN DOE, USAF AB Silicon carbide (SiC) devices are being considered to play a major role in the development of integrated power systems and aircraft electric systems as required by the Department of Defense's (DOD) More Electric Initiative (MEI) and the More Electric Engines(MEE) programs. The thermal effects on the static and dynamic characteristics of 4H-SiC UMOS devices fabricated by Cree, Inc., were investigated in the operating temperature range of 298 K to 473 K. Though a few devices were available for high temperature characterization, most of them failed either before testing or during the test at low amplitudes of current and voltage. The devices with a positive drain voltage of about 80 volts, were characterized in a high vacuum chamber to determine the effect of temperature on the on-resistance, threshold voltage and leakage current. They had a threshold voltage of 20 volts but the sub-threshold drain current was less than 500 mu A Dynamic thermal characterization was done to determine the effect of temperature on the switching time, switching losses, and reverse recovery. The rise, fall and turn-off delay times were 75 ns, 50 ns and 30 ns, respectively, with very low sensitivity to variation in temperature. The. average power dissipation was 34 mW for the entire temperature range. Device failures were observed by way of characteristic degradation such as the lowering of knee voltages, increased on-resistance and lower reverse breakdown potentials. Failures could generally be attributed to a combination of metallization melt and dielectric breakdown related to electrostatic discharges. RP Roth, M (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,POOD,1950 5TH ST,BLDG 18,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-679-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 387 BP 843 EP 850 DI 10.1063/1.52088 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BH56D UT WOS:A1997BH56D00129 ER PT S AU Raines, RA Janoso, RF Stenger, DK AF Raines, RA Janoso, RF Stenger, DK BE ElGenk, MS TI Performance studies of low earth orbit satellite (LEOS) communication networks for global communications SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONFERENCE ON FUTURE SCIENCE & EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS; 1ST CONFERENCE ON SYNERGISTIC POWER & PROPULSION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY; 1ST CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF THERMOPHYSICS IN MICROGRAVITY; 2ND CONFERENCE ON COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE; - 2ND CONFERENCE ON NEXT GENERATION LAUNCH SYSTEMS; 14TH SYMPOSIUM ON SPACE NUCLEAR POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-97) CY JAN 26-30, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Def Special Weapons Agcy, NASA, UN DOE, USAF AB Communicating appropriate information to desired destinations is of critical importance to the Air Force and the Department of Defense (DoD). The communications infrastructure used to provide this information must be reliable and also efficient in terms of minimizing delay. Additionally, ''anytime and anywhere'' communication capabilities are desired of the infrastructure. In order to provide global communications, satellite communication systems must be used for primary as well as supplemental communication mediums. Satellite communication systems can be used to provide the infrastructure with the ''anytime and anywhere'' capability. Recent advances in microelectronic and cellular radio technologies have allowed for the proposed implementation of low earth orbit satellite (LEOS) communication networks for global personal communications. This paper examines the performance of LEGS networks in a packet-switched environment. Performance is defined here in terms of link availability and reliability in a faulty environment. An overview of LEGS systems is provided, as well as critical issues associated with the implementation of such a system. To illustrate the nature of LEGS network communications, the commercially proposed system Iridium is examined. RP Raines, RA (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-679-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 387 BP 939 EP 944 DI 10.1063/1.52102 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BH56D UT WOS:A1997BH56D00144 ER PT S AU Adelgren, RG Ray, D Lashinski, P AF Adelgren, RG Ray, D Lashinski, P BE ElGenk, MS TI Operational considerations for reusable launch vehicles SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONFERENCE ON FUTURE SCIENCE & EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS; 1ST CONFERENCE ON SYNERGISTIC POWER & PROPULSION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY; 1ST CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF THERMOPHYSICS IN MICROGRAVITY; 2ND CONFERENCE ON COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE; - 2ND CONFERENCE ON NEXT GENERATION LAUNCH SYSTEMS; 14TH SYMPOSIUM ON SPACE NUCLEAR POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-97) CY JAN 26-30, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Def Special Weapons Agcy, NASA, UN DOE, USAF AB The reusable launch vehicle single stage to orbit concept is a long term goal of the space program. With the reusable concept, government and industry hope to reduce the cost of spacelift and provide fast reliable access to space. For a viable reusable concept, certain operational areas should be well thought out and considered. For instance, ''aircraft like'' operations should be a goal of the reusable launch vehicle concept. This paper outlines some initial operational considerations for a reusable launch vehicle. The operational areas considered are viewed from the standpoint of operationally testing the system in the areas of effectiveness and suitability. This paper represents thoughts and ideas of the authors and does not represent official Air Force or Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center policies, positions, or direction. RP Adelgren, RG (reprint author), USAF,OPERAT TEST & EVALUAT CTR,8500 GIBSON BLVD SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-679-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 387 BP 1091 EP 1095 DI 10.1063/1.51926 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BH56D UT WOS:A1997BH56D00165 ER PT S AU Croop, HC Lowndes, HB AF Croop, HC Lowndes, HB BE ElGenk, MS TI Carbon-carbon primary structure for SSTO vehicles SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONFERENCE ON FUTURE SCIENCE & EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS; 1ST CONFERENCE ON SYNERGISTIC POWER & PROPULSION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY; 1ST CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF THERMOPHYSICS IN MICROGRAVITY; 2ND CONFERENCE ON COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE; - 2ND CONFERENCE ON NEXT GENERATION LAUNCH SYSTEMS; 14TH SYMPOSIUM ON SPACE NUCLEAR POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-97) CY JAN 26-30, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Def Special Weapons Agcy, NASA, UN DOE, USAF AB A hot structures development program is nearing completion to validate use of carbon-carbon composite structure for primary load carrying members in a single-stage-to-orbit, or SSTO, vehicle. A four phase program was pursued which involved design development and fabrication of a full-scale wing torque box demonstration component. The design development included vehicle and component selection, design criteria and approach, design data development, demonstration component design and analysis, test fixture design and analysis, demonstration component test planning, and high temperature test instrumentation development. The fabrication effort encompassed fabrication of structural elements for mechanical property verification as well as fabrication of the demonstration component itself and associated test fixturing. The demonstration component features 3D woven graphite preforms, integral spars, oxidation inhibited matrix, chemical vapor deposited (CVD) SIC oxidation protection coating, and ceramic matrix composite fasteners. The demonstration component has been delivered to the United States Air Force (USAF) for testing in the Wright Laboratory Structural Test Facility, WPAFB, OH. Multiple thermal-mechanical load cycles will be applied simulating two atmospheric cruise missions and one orbital mission. This paper discusses the overall approach to validation testing of the wing box component and presents some preliminary analytical test predictions. RP Croop, HC (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,STRUCT DIV,FLIGHT DYNAM DIRECTORATE,2130 8TH ST,STE 1,BLDG 45,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-679-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 387 BP 1227 EP 1232 DI 10.1063/1.51907 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BH56D UT WOS:A1997BH56D00183 ER PT S AU Wentz, KR Camden, MP AF Wentz, KR Camden, MP BE ElGenk, MS TI Sonic fatigue of launch vehicle components SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONFERENCE ON FUTURE SCIENCE & EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS; 1ST CONFERENCE ON SYNERGISTIC POWER & PROPULSION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY; 1ST CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF THERMOPHYSICS IN MICROGRAVITY; 2ND CONFERENCE ON COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE; - 2ND CONFERENCE ON NEXT GENERATION LAUNCH SYSTEMS; 14TH SYMPOSIUM ON SPACE NUCLEAR POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-97) CY JAN 26-30, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Def Special Weapons Agcy, NASA, UN DOE, USAF AB Wright Laboratory has long been a leader in the technologies required for aerospace structures. One of these driving technology areas is that of the dynamic environments of acoustics and vibration to which structures are exposed and required to survive. This paper presents an overview of sonic fatigue of launch vehicle components. An experimental program to develop sonic fatigue design criteria for a proposed thermal protection system is reviewed. Wright Laboratory's experimental facilities utilized to subject structures to simulated launch vehicle environments which are necessary to generate the experimental data required to provide sonic fatigue design criteria are described. RP Wentz, KR (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,STRUCT DIV,FLIGHT DYNAM DIRECTORATE,2145 5TH ST,STE 2,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-679-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 387 BP 1233 EP 1238 DI 10.1063/1.51908 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BH56D UT WOS:A1997BH56D00184 ER PT S AU Beck, EV Boelitz, CA AF Beck, EV Boelitz, CA BE Howell, KC Cicci, DA Cochran, JE Kelso, TS TI Orbit analysis software survey: 1996 update SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 1997, PTS 1 AND 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Conference CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB One goal of the Astrodynamics Division is to provide information on basic, standardized orbit analysis tools for Phillips Laboratory and AF space systems. The purpose of this orbit analysis survey is to list and measure the capabilities of existing commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) and government furnished orbit analysis software packages. Consequently, military and civilian personnel can determine the best software package or complementary set of software packages to fulfill their needs while reducing acquisition costs and the need for in-house software support. RP Beck, EV (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,VTS,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 SN 0065-3438 BN 0-87703-432-X J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1997 VL 95 BP 3 EP 58 PN 1&2 PG 56 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BJ27M UT WOS:A1997BJ27M00001 ER PT S AU Walck, SD Scheltens, FJ Nainaparampil, JJ AF Walck, SD Scheltens, FJ Nainaparampil, JJ BE Anderson, RM Walck, SD TI The effects of gas composition on the ion milling of cross sectional TEM samples containing carbon layers SO SPECIMEN PREPARATION FOR TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF MATERIALS IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Specimen Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy of Materials IV CY APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, IBM Anal Serv, Wright Lab, Delaware Diamond Knives, Diatome US, E A Fischione Instruments Inc, FEI Co, Gatan Inc, Jeol US Inc, LEO Electron Microscopy Inc, Micron Corp, South Bay Technol Inc, Ted Pella Incorp AB During conventional ion milling of carbon thin films on Si or SiC, the carbon has a much slower milling rate than the Si, SIC, and the epoxy resin. As a result, the substrates were thinned much more rapidly than the carbon films. A solution suggested by several subscribers to the Microscopy Society of America's Microscopy Listserver among others was to reactively ion mill the samples with a 20-25% oxygen-argon gas mixture. Is this the best inert gas to use? Neon has a mass that is between Si and C and therefore should impart a higher energy transfer to the C atoms than Ar. To determine whether the mass of the inert gas is important in balancing the milling rates, four gases were used to ion mill samples of a PLD DLC film with a nominal thickness of 0.5 mu m. For improved adhesion of the films to the Si substrate, an initial 2 nm of Ti and a nominal 0.5 mu m thick layer of TiC was grown using a combined PLD and magnetron sputtering technique prior to the PLD DLC.(1,2) The gases were 100%Ar, 100%Ne, 75%Ar-25%O-2, and 75%Ne-25%O-2. Using the Tripod Polisher, the samples were polished flat using typical conditions and the surfaces examined by atomic force microscopy and compared. TEM samples prepared by single-sided dimpling prior to ion milling were prepared using the gas composition which gave the best results with respect to the AFM. A methodology is established for determining ion milling conditions for samples having layers of different compositions. RP Walck, SD (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-384-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 480 BP 137 EP 148 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BJ94J UT WOS:A1997BJ94J00013 ER PT S AU Walck, SD McCaffrey, JP AF Walck, SD McCaffrey, JP BE Anderson, RM Walck, SD TI The small angle cleavage technique: An update SO SPECIMEN PREPARATION FOR TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF MATERIALS IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Specimen Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy of Materials IV CY APR 02, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, IBM Anal Serv, Wright Lab, Delaware Diamond Knives, Diatome US, E A Fischione Instruments Inc, FEI Co, Gatan Inc, Jeol US Inc, LEO Electron Microscopy Inc, Micron Corp, South Bay Technol Inc, Ted Pella Incorp AB The Small Angle Cleavage Technique is a relatively simple and inexpensive method of producing superior cross sectional TEM specimens. For speed of preparation, it is unsurpassed. One limitation is that the technique does require the substrate material to cleave or fracture. For this reason, it has been applied almost exclusively to semiconductor materials. Recently, the technique has been extended to other substrates such as glass, silicon carbide, quartz, sapphire, and other hard materials. It is particularly well suited for rapidly examining coatings and thin films very soon after they are deposited. Several procedures have been added or modified to the original technique developed by McCaffrey to simplify the technique. The steps are presented in a detailed pictorial outline form. A method for mounting the cleaved samples utilizing a commercially available grid is presented. In addition, the advantages that the special geometry of the prepared samples have when mounted properly in a double-tilt holder are discussed with respect to the angular range of tilting experiments that are now possible in the TEM. RP Walck, SD (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WL-MLBT BLDG 654,2941 P ST STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-384-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 480 BP 149 EP 171 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BJ94J UT WOS:A1997BJ94J00014 ER PT B AU Phillips, B Brown, D Russwurm, G Childers, J Thompson, E Tussey, L AF Phillips, B Brown, D Russwurm, G Childers, J Thompson, E Tussey, L BE Schafer, K TI Non-linear FTIR open path data reduction algorithm SO SPECTROSCOPIC ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING TECHNIQUES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spectroscopic Atmospheric Monitoring Techniques CY JUN 19-20, 1997 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Deut Forschungsanstalt Luftfahrt & Raumfahrt, European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev DE infrared spectra; Fourier transform; non-linear fitting AB A nonlinear spectral curve fitting computer algorithm for the reduction of Fourier transform spectrometer data is being developed at the Air Force's Arnold Engineering Development Center. The algorithm is an adaptation of an existing algorithm utilized for plume signature data and optical gas diagnostics data reduction. The nonlinear algorithm is not constrained by the linear absorbance assumptions required for classical least squares (CLS). Therefore, the nonlinear algorithm allows for the determination of gas concentrations from high absorption level spectra as well as determination of other nonlinear parameters such as spectra shift and spectral resolution. In addition, the currently implemented algorithm has the ability to simultaneously determine the background spectra or I degrees. These capabilities could make the non-linear algorithm a welcome addition as a quality assurance and data reduction tool. Open path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra from various sources have been analyzed utilizing this algorithm in an attempt to determine its capabilities and limitations. As various data sets are analyzed the algorithm is further refined to make its application easier and faster. A brief description of the algorithm and the results of a comparative study between the non-linear algorithm and CLS is presented. RP Phillips, B (reprint author), SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,AEDC OPERAT,690 2ND ST,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2527-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3106 BP 33 EP 43 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BH93K UT WOS:A1997BH93K00005 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F AF Szmulowicz, F TI A novel secular equation for the coupled-band envelope-function approximation for superlattices and application to InAs/InxGa1-xSb superlattices SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE superlattice; envelope-function approximation ID QUANTUM-WELLS; ABSORPTION; MICROSTRUCTURES AB This paper derives and demonstrates a new secular equation for the coupled-band envelope-function approximation (EFA) formalism for superlattices in order to overcome the difficulty of handling rapidly growing or decaying wavefunction components, in particular, the 'wing solutions'. In a second development, the generally nonHermitian secular equation is made Hermitian, making it easier to locate multiply degenerate roots. In the process, the simple Kronig-Penney model is recast into a form closely related to that for the underlying quantum well (QW) problem. The present method is applicable to Burt's EFA formalism. An InAs/InGaSb type-II superlattice is used to demonstrate the method. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, WL MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, WL MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PY 1997 VL 22 IS 3 BP 295 EP 300 DI 10.1006/spmi.1996.0217 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YQ169 UT WOS:000071355800004 ER PT B AU Reis, JM Resca, PJ AF Reis, JM Resca, PJ BE DePersia, AT Yeager, S Oritz, S TI Integration of commercial video motion detection into USAF flightline applications SO SURVEILLANCE AND ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Surveillance and Assessment Technologies for Law Enforcement CY NOV 19-20, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, Fed Bureau Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Technol Ctr DE Video Motion Detection; closed circuit television; intrusion detection; Base and Installation Security Systems AB A short duration evaluation of a variety of commercially available Video Motion Detection products served to demonstrate application in detecting intrusion into protected areas of a military flightline. To be effective on a military flightline requires coverage over wide areas, adaptability to thermal imagery and ease of operator use. Opportunities exist to incorporate panning cameras with video motion detection to expand the awareness of Air Force Security Police. The interest in maximizing the utilization of relatively expensive and highly capable thermal imager cameras makes this a high interest priority. In the evaluation, the available products demonstrated an ability to perform intrusion detection, but flexibility in set-up and operation were seen as areas where improvement will be welcome. RP Reis, JM (reprint author), USAF,SECUR SYST PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2337-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2935 BP 80 EP 88 DI 10.1117/12.266806 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH27S UT WOS:A1997BH27S00008 ER PT B AU Ferris, DD McMillan, R Currie, NC Wicks, MC Slamani, A AF Ferris, DD McMillan, R Currie, NC Wicks, MC Slamani, A BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Sensors for military special operations and law enforcement applications SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation III CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE law enforcement; special operations; concealed weapon detection; millimeter-wave imaging infrared imaging; law enforcement sensors; special operations sensors AB Improvement in the capabilities of infrared, millimeter-wave, acoustic, and x-ray, sensors has provided means to detect weapons concealed beneath clothing and to provide wide-area surveillance capability in darkness and poor light for military special operations and law enforcement applications. In this paper we provide an update on this technology, which we have discussed in previous papers on this subject. We present new data showing simultaneously obtained infrared and millimeter-wave images which ate especially relevant because a fusion of these two sensors has been proposed as the best solution to the problem of concealed weapon detection. We conclude that the use of these various sensors has the potential for solving this problem and that progress is being made toward this goal. RP Ferris, DD (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,26 ELECT PKWY,ROME,NY 13441, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2477-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3062 BP 173 EP 180 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ16V UT WOS:A1997BJ16V00019 ER PT B AU Lowry, HS Doub, CA Holt, LL Steely, LS AF Lowry, HS Doub, CA Holt, LL Steely, LS BE Watkins, WR Clement, D TI Scene projection through sensor optics using laser-based Direct Write methods SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Backgrounds - Characterization and Representation III CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE acousto-optic; scene projection; infrared; radiometric; focal plane arrays; closed-loop; lens AB The viability of extending the Direct Write Scene Generator (DWSG) to project to a sensor system with an optical telescope installed has been investigated. The test approach requires development of transmissive or reflective screens and!or collimator systems to expand the DWSG output to the sensor telescope. Several optical configurations have been examined to accommodate this capability. Measurements of the optical spot size on a camera with a zoom lens have been compared to CODE V predictions. Analysis has been performed to determine the practical limitations of this configuration with regard to testing sensors with a set field of view (FOV). A demonstration of operation of the DWSG through camera optics has been accomplished. The utility of this new capability to closed-loop operation has also been examined. RP Lowry, HS (reprint author), SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,AEDC GRP,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2477-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3062 BP 206 EP 217 DI 10.1117/12.276678 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ16V UT WOS:A1997BJ16V00023 ER PT B AU Huber, EG Courtney, RA AF Huber, EG Courtney, RA BE Murrer, RL TI Hardware-in-the-loop simulation at Wright Laboratory's Dynamic Infrared Missile Evaluator (DIME) Facility SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE hardware-in-the-loop; IR simulation; test facilities AB Wright Laboratory's Dynamic infrared Missile Evaluator (DIME) Facility has been performing hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) infrared seeker exploitation and countermeasures development for over thirty years. A unique feature of this facility is the close integration of hardware exploitation, computer simulation, and HWIL testing, which facilitates feedback between predicted and actual seeker performance. This paper provides an introduction to the DIME Facility's HWIL testing approach and capabilities. RP Huber, EG (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AAJW,2241 AV CIRCLE,SUITE 2,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2499-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3084 BP 2 EP 8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ31H UT WOS:A1997BJ31H00001 ER PT B AU Steely, SL Fugerer, RH Lowry, HS Dawbarn, R AF Steely, SL Fugerer, RH Lowry, HS Dawbarn, R BE Murrer, RL TI Optimum oversampling for laser-based and thermal-array scene projection methodologies SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE anisoplanatic optics; closed-loop; direct-write scene generation; thermal emissive arrays; fidelity; focal-plane-array testing; laser stimulation; real-time; sensor diagnostics AB Technology efforts are underway at Arnold Engineering Development Center to extend closed-loop Direct Write Scene Generation capabilities to include advanced signal-injection and thermal-array optical projection capabilities. Laser-projection for sensor optics with or without optics installed, signal-injection, and thermal-away optical projection schemes provide direct stimulation of dynamic electrooptic sensor systems. FPAs and electro-optic sensors are stimulated with simulated infrared scenes for optical diagnostics and evaluation of focal plane arrays or electro-optic sensor systems, and to simulate complex mission scenarios. Closed-loop operation can provide high-fidelity simulation of complex infrared scenes, sensor optical blurring, and other temporal effects such as jitter. Although all optical stimulation and testing methods have inherent advantages, compromises, and limitations, there is a common desire to not only maximize optical simulation and photonic stimulation fidelity through advanced verification and validation efforts, but to also minimize computational requirements for highperformance diagnostics. Computational and source-to-FPA oversampling have very similar fidelity defects and requirements for signal-injection, laser-projection, and thermal-array optical projection diagnostic methods. This paper briefly describes scene generation and projection technology and corresponding research devoted to sampling issues and criteria related to FPA oversampling, corresponding fidelity defects, and performance trades. RP Steely, SL (reprint author), SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,AEDC GRP,1077 AVE C,MS-6400,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2499-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3084 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1117/12.280951 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ31H UT WOS:A1997BJ31H00021 ER PT B AU Fugerer, RH Holt, LL Steely, SL Jennings, DI AF Fugerer, RH Holt, LL Steely, SL Jennings, DI BE Murrer, RL TI Integrated approach to IR simulation and FPA test electronics SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE scene; infrared; FPA; sensor; analog; digital; RF; acousto-optic deflector; digital synthesizer; frame; convolution; projector; Fourier transform; simulation; signal injection AB The Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) Scene Generation Test Capability (SGTC) program has completed the development of a laser based Direct Write Scene Generation (DWSG) facility that provides dynamic mission simulation testing for infrared (IR) Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs) and their associated signal processing electronics.(1) The AEDC DWSG Focal Plane Array Test Capability (FPATC) includes lasers operating at 0.514, 1.06, 5.4, or 10.6 mu m, and Acousto-Optic Deflectors (AODs) which modulate the laser beam position and amplitude. Complex Radio Frequency (RF) electronics controls each AOD by providing multi-frequency inputs. These inputs produce a highly accurate and independent multi-beam deflection, or ''rake'', that is swept across the FPA sensor under test, Each RF amplitude input to an AOD translates into an accurate and independent beam intensity in the rake. Issues such as scene fidelity, sensor frame rates, scenario length, and real-time laser beam position adjustments require RF control electronics that employs the use of advanced analog and digital signal processing techniques and designs. By implementing flexible system architectures in the electronics, the overall capability of the DWSG to adapt to emerging test requirements is greatly enhanced. Presented in this paper is an overview of the signal processing methodology and designs required to handle the DWSG requirement. Further, the paper will summarize the current status of recent AEDC technology efforts tasked with the implementation of real-time and closed-loop scene manipulation including sensor optical simulation using the DWSG. The paper will describe a proof-of-principle (PoP) demonstration which used high speed digital signal processors inherent in the DWSG electronic design to compute the rotation, translation, optical effects via convolution, and system calibration functions during scene projection. Additionally, recent concepts which are based on DWSG electronic designs to enable integrated multi-sensor testing will be presented. These concepts establish a method for the separate or simultaneous test and evaluation of different LR sensor types using various kinds of sensor stimulation. Examples of sensor stimulation would include laser based projectors such as DWSG or resistive-thermal arrays, and direct analog or digital signal injection schemes. RP Fugerer, RH (reprint author), SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,AEDC OPERAT,MS 6400,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2499-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3084 BP 364 EP 372 DI 10.1117/12.280964 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ31H UT WOS:A1997BJ31H00035 ER PT S AU McClellan, KJ Wailes, TS Franzon, PD AF McClellan, KJ Wailes, TS Franzon, PD BE Mukund, PR Sridhar, R Gabara, T Carothers, JD TI An accurate, computationally efficient crosstalk model for routing high-speed MCMs SO TENTH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL ASIC CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL ASIC CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual IEEE International ASIC Conference and Exhibit CY SEP 07-10, 1997 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE AB A crosstalk model that is both accurate and easily incorporated into an MCM router has been developed. This model accounts for coupling from multiple layers out to three wires in either direction and accounts for the shielding involved with those wires. An algorithm that calculates the effect of reflections from terminals with mismatched impedances is also included as part of the model. Finally, it is shown to be impractical to use a more complex crosstalk model without including some sort of timing simulator. RP McClellan, KJ (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,SCH ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1063-0988 BN 0-7803-4283-6 J9 P IEEE INT ASIC C&E PY 1997 BP 110 EP 114 DI 10.1109/ASIC.1997.616988 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJ60B UT WOS:A1997BJ60B00022 ER EF