FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Phillips, SN Pachter, M Houpis, CH Rasmussen, SJ AF Phillips, SN Pachter, M Houpis, CH Rasmussen, SJ TI A QFT subsonic envelope flight control system design SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE robust flight control system; quantitative feedback theory (QFT); robust multivariable control theory; full envelope robust control system AB An aircraft's response to control inputs varies widely throughout its full flight envelope. Furthermore, the aircraft configuration impacts control response through variations in centre of gravity and moments of inertia. Quantitative feedback theory (QFT) is a robust control system design method which provides a full-envelope flight control system design and gives the engineer direct control over compensator order and gain. A full subsonic flight envelope FCS is designed for using QFT for four representative aircraft configurations. Flying qualities are embedded in the longitudinal design by using a control variable which varies with the aircraft's energy state throughout the flight envelope. Linear simulations with realistically large control inputs are used to validate the design. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 6 BP 581 EP 589 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA XE247 UT WOS:A1997XE24700006 ER PT J AU Pachter, M Houpis, CH Kang, K AF Pachter, M Houpis, CH Kang, K TI Modelling and control of an electro-hydrostatic actuator SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE actuator compensator design; quantitative feedback theory; robust control theory with parametric uncertainty AB The control of a novel aerospace actuator is considered, viz., an electro-hydrostatic actuator, It offers a high degree of maintainability and combat survivability of the aircraft's flight control system because all the actuator's elements are collocated, The quantitative feedback theory robust control method is used to design a controller for this novel actuator, Parameter variation, sensor noise and flight condition variability are explicitly considered in the design process. The resulting design is not only robust with respect to actuator parameter variations and flight condition and insensitive to sensor noise, but, in addition, the controlled actuator's phase lag is significantly reduced, thus improving the performance of the overall flight control system. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 6 BP 591 EP 608 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA XE247 UT WOS:A1997XE24700007 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SJ Houpis, CH AF Rasmussen, SJ Houpis, CH TI Development, implementation and flight test of a mimo digital flight control system for an unmanned research vehicle designed using quantitative feedback theory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE quantitative feedback theory; robust control systems; structured parametric uncertainty; flight control systems; unmanned research vehicle AB Achieving a successful flight control system (FCS) involves a number of steps: specification of the problem, development of aircraft model data, theoretical FCS design, implementation, ground testing and flight test. The main emphasis of this paper is on the last three steps which embody the 'practical engineering' aspects that are vital to achieving a successful FCS. First there is a brief explanation of the MIMO quantitative feedback theory (QFT) design process. This is followed by a description of the steps involved in the implementation and testing of a QFT robust designed FGS. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FLIGHT DYNAM DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 6 BP 629 EP 642 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA XE247 UT WOS:A1997XE24700009 ER PT J AU Logan, MW Pachter, M AF Logan, MW Pachter, M TI Model-based fuzzy logic control of a nonlinear plant SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE fuzzy logic; full-envelope control; nonlinear control AB A full-envelope controller for nonlinear systems is developed based on a novel model-based fuzzy logic control (MBFLC) approach. This approach envisages a bank of linear compensators, with each compensator optimized for a different operating point throughout the operational envelope. The fuzzy logic module properly blends the compensator outputs into a composite control signal, and avoids instability when none of the individual compensators are valid. In general practice, in the strongly nonlinear system under consideration, the fuzzy element of the MBFLC dominates due to the extremely small regions of validity of perturbation models of the strongly nonlinear plant. The MBFLC, with the composite control input smoothed by a linear compensator, provides full-envelope control of the benchmark plant. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Logan, MW (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BLDG 640,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 6 BP 643 EP 660 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA XE247 UT WOS:A1997XE24700010 ER PT J AU Kobylarz, TJ Pachter, M Houpis, CH AF Kobylarz, TJ Pachter, M Houpis, CH TI Fuzzy scheduling of regional QFT controllers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE fuzzy logic control; gain scheduling; full-envelope control; nonlinear control; quantitative feedback theory AB A novel optimization-based controller synthesis method is developed for nonlinear dynamic systems with structured parametric uncertainty. Fuzzy logic is used to smoothly schedule independently designed regional robust controllers over the plant's operational envelope. These linear controllers are synthesized using established conventional control design techniques, e.g., quantitative feedback theory. The resulting full envelope nonlinear dynamic controller handles complex dynamic systems which cannot otherwise be addressed by simple fuzzy logic control (FLC). An analytical representation of the membership functions of FLC allows the optimization to chose the location parameters of the regional controllers. The scheduled controller's valid region of operation is maximized, thus efficiently achieving full envelope operation, while guaranteeing pre-specified tracking performance. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 6 BP 661 EP 674 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA XE247 UT WOS:A1997XE24700011 ER PT J AU Baum, CE AF Baum, CE TI Discrimination of buried targets via the singularity expansion SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article AB A problem of recent interest is the identification of buried unexploded ordnance (including mines). This paper reviews recent progress in the use of the singularity expansion method for electromagnetic and acoustic/elastodynamic scattering for discriminating the various types (specific models with prescribed shapes and materials). Each type having an aspect-independent set of natural frequencies, these can be used as a set of target signatures in a library. Three different types of such natural frequencies (and associated pole residues) are discussed. RP Baum, CE (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,WSQW,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 557 EP 570 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/13/3/003 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA XE246 UT WOS:A1997XE24600003 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Seetharaman, V Weiss, I AF Semiatin, SL Seetharaman, V Weiss, I TI The thermomechanical processing of alpha/beta titanium alloys SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TI-6AL-2SN-4ZR-2MO-0.1SI; DEFORMATION; TI-6AL-4V AB In this article, the thermomechanical processing of ingot-metallurgy alpha/beta titanium alloys is summarized, with special emphasis on microstructure evolution and workability considerations. Primary hot working dealing with the conversion of ingot structures to fine-equiaxed wrought structures is addressed. In this regard, the breakdown of lamellar microstructures, the occurrence of cavitation/wedge cracking, and the development of crystallographic texture are described. Secondary processes such as sheet rolling, superplastic forming, and closed-die forging are also reviewed. C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH & MAT ENGN,DAYTON,OH 45435. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,PROC SCI GRP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 57 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 25 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 49 IS 6 BP 33 EP & DI 10.1007/BF02914711 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA XD376 UT WOS:A1997XD37600009 ER PT J AU Head, WP AF Head, WP TI Fighting with the Soviets: The failure of Operation Frantic, 1944-1945 - Conversino,MJ SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Head, WP (reprint author), OFF HIST,ROBINS AFB,GA 31098, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 84 IS 1 BP 295 EP 296 DI 10.2307/2952864 PG 2 WC History SC History GA XE277 UT WOS:A1997XE27700137 ER PT J AU Qian, W Skowronski, M Kaspi, R DeGraef, M Dravid, VP AF Qian, W Skowronski, M Kaspi, R DeGraef, M Dravid, VP TI Nucleation of misfit and threading dislocations during epitaxial growth of GaSb on GaAs(001) substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEFECTS; MULTILAYERS; ACCOMMODATION AB The initial stages of molecular beam epitaxy of GaSb on highly mismatched GaAs(001) substrates were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the defect structure in GaSb islands and at their interfaces with GaAs(001) at different stages of growth. Based on experimental observations, we propose that the semiperiodic net of 90 degrees misfit dislocations at the GaSb/GaAs(001) interface nucleate homogeneously at the leading edges of advancing {111} planes. After nucleation, they glide inwards along the interface plane to reach their equilibrium position. Threading dislocation GaSb layers were directly correlated with the misfit dislocation net. We demonstrate that there are no threading defects in GaSb islands when their interfaces consist solely demonstrate that there are no threading defects in GaSb islands when their interfaces consist solely of 90 degrees misfit dislocations, and that threading dislocations in the GaSb epilayer are all associated with minority 60 degrees misfit dislocations nucleated in growing islands. The number of threading dislocations Der unit area of the GaSb film is found to be independent of GaSb coverage, indicating that island coalescence does not substantially increase the number of 60 degrees dislocations. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. AADP,WRIGHT LAB,AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Qian, W (reprint author), CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213, USA. RI Dravid, Vinayak/B-6688-2009; Skowronski, Marek/A-8934-2011; DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010 OI Skowronski, Marek/0000-0002-2087-0068; DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 11 BP 7268 EP 7272 DI 10.1063/1.365324 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XC348 UT WOS:A1997XC34800022 ER PT J AU Thompson, PE Silvestre, C Jernigan, G Hobart, K Simons, DS Gregg, MR AF Thompson, PE Silvestre, C Jernigan, G Hobart, K Simons, DS Gregg, MR TI Effect of Ge on the segregation of B in Si(100) and Si(110) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SB SURFACE SEGREGATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SI; SILICON AB The segregation of B from Si1-xGex quantum wells grown using molecular beam epitaxy on Si(100) and Si(110) was investigated using secondary ion mass spectrometry. When a 3 nm B doping slab (n=10(19)/cm(3)) was placed in the center of a 6 nm Si1-xGex quantum well, the B profiles had two distinct exponential decay lengths, Delta(SiGe), the Ge-controlled B decay length and Delta(Si), the B decay length normally measured in Si. Delta(SiGe) was the same for Si(100) and Si(110) and independent of Ge concentration in the well for 0.1 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.5. As the Ge concentration was increased in the well, the location of the transition point, from Delta(SiGe) to Delta(Si), which was always found far outside of the SiGe quantum well, increased in distance from the center of the well. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 11 BP 7317 EP 7319 DI 10.1063/1.365359 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XC348 UT WOS:A1997XC34800030 ER PT J AU Godshall, FJ Elliott, TR AF Godshall, FJ Elliott, TR TI Behavioral correlates of self-appraised problem-solving ability: Problem-solving skills and health-compromising behaviors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLLEGE-STUDENTS; ALCOHOL-USE; COPING RESPONSES; TELEVISION; EXPECTANCIES; PERFORMANCE; PERCEPTIONS; DRINKING; OBESITY; STRESS AB According to the revised social problem-solving model, problem solving skills should be associated with cognitive and behavioral attempts to solve or prevent personal problems. We reasoned that the Approach-Avoidance scale on the Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI; Heppner, 1988) measures problem-solving skills as defined in the model, and predicted that scores on this factor would be predictive of health-compromising behaviors among 96 undergraduate students. An aspect of the problem-orientation component would be predictive of global health perceptions. Ineffective problem-solving skills were associated with greater alcohol intake over a 2-week period, and with more sedentary leisure behavior on retrospective and prospective measures. Perceived control over emotions was predictive of health perceptions, as hypothesized. However, elements of problem solving were unrelated to tobacco use, illicit drug use, and exercise behaviors. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PHYS MED & REHABIL,SPAIN REHABIL CTR,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35233. USAF,AVIANO AIR BASE,AVIANO,ITALY. RI Elliott, Timothy/I-5301-2012 OI Elliott, Timothy/0000-0002-6608-7714 NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 6 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 SN 0021-9029 J9 J APPL SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 27 IS 11 BP 929 EP 944 DI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb00279.x PG 16 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA XK695 UT WOS:A1997XK69500001 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR Ryan, KL Lovelace, JD Frei, MR AF Jauchem, JR Ryan, KL Lovelace, JD Frei, MR TI Effects of esmolol on 35 GHz microwave-induced lethal heat stress SO JOURNAL OF AUTONOMIC PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIOFREQUENCY IRRADIATION; THERMAL RESPONSES; BETA-BLOCKADE; RATS; HYPERTHERMIA; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION; METOPROLOL; PRESSURE; AGENTS AB 1 The purpose of this study was to examine effects of the beta(1)-adrenoreceptor antagonist esmolol (infused at 2 or 4 mg kg(-1) body wt min(-1)) on heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, localized body temperature changes, survival rimes, and lethal body temperatures that occur during the exposure of anesthaetized rats to 35 GHz microwaves. 2 Forty Sprague-Dawley rats, anaesthetized with ketamine, were exposed to 35 GHz microwaves at a level that resulted in heating and death. During irradiation, a continuous increase in heart rate and a biphasic response in blood pressure (initial increase followed by a decrease) were observed in all groups of animals. 3 Esmolol caused a significant dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure, relative to saline-treated animals, but only a small attenuation of the heat-induced rise in heart rate. In experiments in which esmolol was infused and microwave exposure was continued until death, drug-treated animals survived for significantly shorter periods and died at significantly lower body temperatures. The change in survival may have been related to the lower blood pressure due to esmolol treatment. C1 TRINITY UNIV, DEPT BIOL, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, ARMSTRONG LAB,OERB,BIOL EFFECTS BRANCH, RADIOFREQUENCY RADIAT DIV, 8308 HAWKS RD, BROOKS AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0144-1795 J9 J AUTON PHARMACOL JI J. Auton. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 17 IS 3 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2680.1997.00453.x PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XP791 UT WOS:A1997XP79100004 PM 9278776 ER PT J AU Greising, DM Schwartz, Z Posner, GH Sylvia, VL Dean, DD Boyan, BD AF Greising, DM Schwartz, Z Posner, GH Sylvia, VL Dean, DD Boyan, BD TI A-ring analogues of 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 with low affinity for the vitamin D receptor modulate chondrocytes via membrane effects that are dependent on cell maturation SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; RESTING ZONE CHONDROCYTES; ARACHIDONIC-ACID TURNOVER; RAT OSTEOSARCOMA CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; D METABOLITES; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; 1-(HYDROXYALKYL)-25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D3 ANALOGS; PHOSPHOLIPID-METABOLISM; NONGENOMIC REGULATION AB 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 (1,25) and 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3 (24,25) mediate their effects on chondrocytes through the classic vitamin D receptor (VDR) as well as through rapid membrane-mediated mechanisms, which result in both nongenomic and genomic effects. In intact cells, it is difficult to distinguish between genomic responses via the VDR and genomic and nongenomic responses via membrane-mediated pathways. In this study, we used two analogues of 1,25 that have been modified on the A-ring (2a, 2b) and are only 0.1% as effective in binding to the VDR as 1,25, to examine the role of the VDR in the response of rat costochondral resting zone (RC) and growth zone (GC) chondrocytes to 1,25 and 24,25. Chondrocyte proliferation ([H-3]-thymidine incorporation), proteoglycan production ([S-35]-sulfate incorporation), and second messenger activation (activity of protein kinase C) were measured after treatment with 10(-8) M 1,25, 10(-7) M 24,25, or the analogues at 10(-9)-10(-6) M Both analogues inhibited proliferation of both cell types, as did 1,25 and 24,25. Neither 2a nor 2b had an effect on proteoglycan production by GCs or RCs. 2a caused a dose-dependent stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC) that was not inhibited by cycloheximide or actinomycin D in either GC or RC cells. 2b, on the other hand, had no effect on PKC activity in RCs and only a slight stimulatory effect in GCs. Both cells produce matrix vesicles, extracellular organelles associated with the initial stages of calcification, in culture that are regulated by vitamin D metabolites. Since these organelles contain no DNA or RNA, they provide an excellent model for studying the mechanisms used by vitamin D metabolites to mediate their nongenomic effects. When matrix vesicles were isolated from naive cultures of growth zone cells and treated with 2a, a dose-dependent inhibition of PKC activity was observed that was similar to that found with 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3. Plasma membranes contained increased PKC activity after treatment with 2a, but the magnitude of the effect was less than that seen with 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3. Analogue 2b had no affect on PKC activity in either membrane fraction. When matrix vesicles from resting zone chondrocyte cultures were treated with 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3, a significant decrease in PKC activity was observed. No change in enzyme activity was found for either 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 or the analogues. PKC activity in the plasma membrane fraction, however, was increased by 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3 as well as by analogue 2a. This study shows that these analogues, with little or no binding to the vitamin D receptor, can affect cell proliferation and PKC activity, but not proteoglycan production. The direct membrane effect is analogue specific and cell maturation dependent. Further, by eliminating the VDR-mediated component of the cellular response, we have provided further evidence for the existence of a membrane receptor(s) involved in mediating nongenomic effects of vitamin D metabolites. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT ORTHOPAED,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PERIODONT,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. USAF,SAN ANTONIO,TX. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,HADASSAH FAC DENT MED,DEPT PERIODONT,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,SCH ARTS & SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-08603, DE-05937]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-30052] NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-9541 J9 J CELL PHYSIOL JI J. Cell. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 171 IS 3 BP 357 EP 367 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA XL166 UT WOS:A1997XL16600014 PM 9180905 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Prasad, V Anselmo, AP Bliss, DF Iseler, G AF Zhang, H Prasad, V Anselmo, AP Bliss, DF Iseler, G TI Transport phenomena in a high pressure crystal growth system: In situ synthesis for InP melt SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Czochralski growth; convection; high-pressure; liquid-encapsulated Cz growth ID INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE AB The physical phenomena underlying the ''one-step'' in situ synthesis and high pressure growth of indium phosphide crystals are complex. A high resolution computer model based on multizone adaptive grid generation and curvilinear finite volume discretization is used to predict the flow and temperature fields during the synthesis of the InP melt. Simulations are performed for a range of parameters, including Grashof number, crucible rotation, and location of the injector. These parameters affect the gas flow in a high pressure liquid-encapsulated Czochralski (HPLEC) furnace significantly, and have a strong influence on the melt synthesis and its control. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,CONSORTIUM CRYSTAL GROWTH RES,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. USAF,ROME LAB,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN PY 1997 VL 177 IS 3-4 BP 196 EP 206 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(96)01079-2 PG 11 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA XK419 UT WOS:A1997XK41900005 ER PT J AU Schwartz, M AF Schwartz, M TI Viscosity prediction for perfluoropolyalkylether fluids SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE viscosity; perfluoropolyalkylethers; quantitative structure property relationships; lubricants AB The temperature dependence of a fluid's shear viscosity is critical in determining its suitability as a liquid lubricant over an extended temperature range. We have applied van Krevelen's equations to a series of ten linear and branched perfluropolyalkylethers (PFPAEs) to predict viscosity-temperature. Calculated viscosities were a factor of ten or more greater than experiment at all temperatures, indicating that these ''universal'' equations are inadequate for these atypical fluids. Therefore, new semi-empirical viscosity equations have been derived and parameterized specifically for PFPAEs utilizing recent data. The new equations predict values within a factor of two of experimental viscosities in almost all systems, and hence should be useful in the molecular design of new PFPAE fluids for high temperature lubricants. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,CTR COMPUTAT MODELING RES NONSTRUCT MAT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Schwartz, M (reprint author), UNIV N TEXAS,DEPT CHEM,DENTON,TX 76203, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 83 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1016/S0022-1139(96)03567-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA XJ678 UT WOS:A1997XJ67800002 ER PT J AU Carroll, DL Rothenflue, JA AF Carroll, DL Rothenflue, JA TI Experimental study of cutting thick aluminum and steel with a chemical oxygen-iodine laser using an N-2 or O-2 gas assist SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser cutting; materials processing; thick-section cutting; chemical oxygen-iodine laser; COIL ID OPERATION AB A chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) was used to cut aluminum and carbon steel. Cut depths of 20 mm in aluminum and 41 mm in carbon steel were obtained using an N-2 gas assist and 5-6 kW of poser on target. The same laser at the same power level produced a cut depth of 65 mm in carbon steel with an O-2 gas assist; a low quality cut to a depth of nearly 100 mm in carbon steel was also demonstrated. These data are compared with existing COIL and CO2 laser cutting data. COIL cuts carbon steel and stainless steel at approximately the same rate. For a given cut depth, power and spot size, COIL cuts steel approximately three times faster than a CO2 laser using an inert gas assist. COIL cutting speeds in carbon steel are improved by approximately a factor of three when an O-2 assist is used in lieu of an N-2 gas assist. With an Nz gas assist, COIL cuts aluminum at approximately the same rate as CO2 cuts steel. To improve the agreement between data and an existing theoretical cutting model, an empirical correction factor was added to the model; this modification provides excellent agreement with data. C1 USAF, PHILLIPS LAB, APPL LASER TECHNOL BRANCH, LIBD, KIRTLAND AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Carroll, DL (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT MECH & IND ENGN, DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT ENGN, 1206 W GREEN ST, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 119 EP 128 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA XF423 UT WOS:A1997XF42300001 ER PT J AU Schepler, KL Kuck, S Shiozawa, L AF Schepler, KL Kuck, S Shiozawa, L TI Cr2+ emission spectroscopy in CdSe SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Conference on luminescence and Optical Spectroscopy of Condensed Matter (ICL 96) CY AUG 18-23, 1996 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Czech Minist Educ Youth & Sport, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, European Commiss, WE Heraeus Fdn DE Cr2+:CdSe; infrared; tunable laser AB Cr2+ ions doped at 3 ppm in CdSe exhibited strong broadband emission in the 1.8-2.8 mu m region with a 6 mu s lifetime in the 60-300 K temperature range. Excitation was observed both at the expected 1.9 mu m Cr2+ electronic transition from the ground state and at 755 nm from absorption features near the band edge of CdSe. C1 INST LASER PHYS,D-20355 HAMBURG,GERMANY. CLEVELAND CRYSTALS INC,CLEVELAND,OH 44110. RP Schepler, KL (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WL,AAJL,2700 ST,SUITE 2,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. RI Schepler, Kenneth/D-3730-2015; OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 1 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 72-4 BP 116 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S0022-2313(97)00051-3 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA XK428 UT WOS:A1997XK42800041 ER PT J AU Kuck, S Schepler, KL Hartung, S Petermann, K Huber, G AF Kuck, S Schepler, KL Hartung, S Petermann, K Huber, G TI Excited state absorption and its influence on the laser behavior of Cr4+-doped garnets SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Conference on luminescence and Optical Spectroscopy of Condensed Matter (ICL 96) CY AUG 18-23, 1996 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Czech Minist Educ Youth & Sport, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, European Commiss, WE Heraeus Fdn DE transition metal doped materials; transition metal solid state lasers; laser materials; excited state absorption AB Polarization-dependent excited state absorption measurements of Cr4+:Y3Al5O12, Cr4+:Y3Sc0.9Al4.1O12, and Cr4+:Y3Sc2Ga3O12 are presented and analyzed. Different polarization dependencies and excited state absorption spectra are observed. While Cr4+:Y3Al5O12 exhibits a strong polarization dependence, it is less pronounced in Cr4+:Y3Sc0.9Al4.1O12 and strongly diminished for Cr4+:Y3Sc2Ga3O12. We believe that the poor efficiency or even the absence of laser oscillation in a variety of Cr4+-doped garnets is caused by this different polarization and excited state absorption behavior. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AAJL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Kuck, S (reprint author), INST LASER PHYS,JUNGIUSSTR 9A,D-20355 HAMBURG,GERMANY. RI Schepler, Kenneth/D-3730-2015; OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 72-4 BP 222 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0022-2313(96)00285-2 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA XK428 UT WOS:A1997XK42800080 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Zhao, Y Awad, E AF Huang, DH Zhao, Y Awad, E TI Linear and nonlinear optical responses in double quantum wells with field induced quantum coherence and interference SO JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL PHYSICS & MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; ELECTRIC-FIELD; SEMICONDUCTOR; INVERSION; TRANSITIONS; ABSORPTION AB New results of quantum coherence and interference effects in linear and nonlinear optical responses in double quantum wells are presented. Three-subband model in which two upper tunneling-split subbands are coupled by a dc-field is studied. We show the importance of the de-field in establishing the quantum coherence and interference which introduces into the lasing without inversion and enhances the optical nonlinearity in the system. The optimal threshold de-field can achieve as low as 4 kV/cm in our model. The Coulomb renormalization of electron kinetic energy is included. The many-body theory is employed to calculate both the linear and nor?linear optical responses. C1 WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,DETROIT,MI 48202. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,VTRP,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,BLDG 426,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1991 J9 J NONLINEAR OPT PHYS JI J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 6 IS 2 BP 119 EP 139 DI 10.1142/S0218863597000113 PG 21 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA XR465 UT WOS:A1997XR46500001 ER PT J AU Roane, DW Harris, MD Carpenter, MT Finger, DR Jarek, MJ Alloway, JA Erickson, AR Venanzi, WE Drehmer, TJ AF Roane, DW Harris, MD Carpenter, MT Finger, DR Jarek, MJ Alloway, JA Erickson, AR Venanzi, WE Drehmer, TJ TI Prospective use of intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide in pseudogout SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pseudogout; calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease; triamcinolone acetonide; corticosteroids ID ACUTE GOUTY-ARTHRITIS AB Objective, To prospectively assess the efficacy of intramuscular (im) triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of pseudogout. Methods. Fourteen patients with crystal proven pseudogout presenting with an acute attack within 5 days of onset were treated with intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide 60 mg and followed for 30 days. Patients with inadequate response were eligible for a 2nd triamcinolone acetonide injection on Day 1-2. Results, Twelve patients had contraindication to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAID). Acute arthritis was monoarticular in 10 patients, and involved 2 or more joints in 4 patients. All patients had good clinical response to triamcinolone acetonide based on restoration of near baseline joint range of motion and joint circumference, and at least 50% improvement in patient and physician global assessment. Major clinical improvement occurred by Day 1-2 (2 patients), Day 3-4 (11 patients), and Day 10-14 (one patient). Six patients required a 2nd triamcinolone acetonide injection on Day 1-2. Toxicities were not observed. Conclusion. im triamcinolone acetonide appears to be safe, well tolerated, and effective in the treatment of pseudogout, It may be a reasonable alternative therapy when NSAID are contraindicated, and for polyarticular attacks where intraarticular corticosteroids are impractical. C1 DAVID GRANT MED CTR,DEPT MED,TRAVIS AFB,CA. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RHEUMATOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1168 EP 1170 PG 3 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XD791 UT WOS:A1997XD79100025 PM 9195527 ER PT J AU Sorenson, DS AF Sorenson, DS TI American foreign policy for the post-superpower age - Clarke,J, Clad,J SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Book Review RP Sorenson, DS (reprint author), USAF,WAR COLL,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX, ENGLAND IG2 7HH SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 20 IS 2 BP 153 EP 154 PG 2 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA XY172 UT WOS:A1997XY17200017 ER PT J AU Wright, EF DesRosier, KF Clark, MK Bifano, SL AF Wright, EF DesRosier, KF Clark, MK Bifano, SL TI Identifying undiagnosed rheumatic disorders among patients with TMD SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CRANIOMANDIBULAR DISORDERS; DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME; SYMPTOMS; THERAPY AB If a patient with TMD has a coexisting rheumatic disorder, it may adversely affect the TMD symptoms and treatment outcome. A clinic that specializes in TMD treatment asked symptom-related questions of 104 patients with TMD, and a rheumatology clinic then performed rheumatologic evaluations. The authors review the results of the rheumatologic evaluations and the predictive probability for the questions. The findings of this study suggest questions that practitioners can ask to help identify patients with TMD who have a high probability of being diagnosed with a coexisting rheumatic disorder. C1 RHEUMATOL CLIN,KEESLER AFB,MS. USAF,RES CONSULTAT DIV,LACKLAND AFB,TX. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 128 IS 6 BP 738 EP 744 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA XD266 UT WOS:A1997XD26600022 PM 9188231 ER PT J AU Fritts, DH AF Fritts, DH TI An analysis of electrochemical capacitors SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB In most electrochemical capacitor applications it is necessary to series a set of capacitors (cells) to obtain a single capacitor capable of operating at a desired voltage. Performance modeling of these devices has proven difficult because of their nonideal behavior and the need to series a large number of equivalent circuits. In this paper open literature data is analyzed using the equations derived herein. The analysis considers two different load situations, constant resistance and constant-power, for an arbitrary number of series-connected cells. Data from a device built by the Evans Electric Company,(1) and a prototype device are analyzed. In general, excellent agreement is obtained between the model results and the reported data. This agreement allows delineation of capacitor characteristics, at the cell level, that heretofore has not been available. However, it was found that reported data are generally not adequate to allow full capacitor characterization. In part this is due to the requirements of the derived equations, but often it is due to reported data that do not fully describe the performed experiment. In doing this analysis a hierarchy of equivalent circuits was used to provide a good data fit so as to determine capacitor cell parameters. The cell model proposed by Conway(2) and a transmission-line model were used. The dispersion of capacitance values, due to various manufacturing variables, was also modeled using a simple Beta distribution. RP Fritts, DH (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 144 IS 6 BP 2233 EP 2241 DI 10.1149/1.1837772 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA XH828 UT WOS:A1997XH82800074 ER PT J AU Morkoc, H AF Morkoc, H TI Dopant incorporation and defects in III-V nitrides and related semiconductors and their applications SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 1996 Seoul International Symposium on the Physics of Semiconductors and Applications CY OCT 21-22, 1996 CL KOREA INST SCI & TECHNOL, SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Res Fdn, Korea Informat Soc Dev Inst, Samsung Electr Co Ltd, Hyundai Electr Co Ltd, LG Semicon Co Ltd, Korea Federat Sci & Technol Soc HO KOREA INST SCI & TECHNOL ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; N-TYPE GAN; DETECTED MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; AIN BUFFER LAYER; GALLIUM NITRIDE; HETEROEPITAXIAL GROWTH; LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES; SAPPHIRE SUBSTRATE AB Gallium Nitride and its alloys with InN and AIN have recently emerged as important semiconductor materials with applications to yellow, green, blue and ultraviolet portions of the spectrum as emitters and detectors, and high power electronic devices. Nitride LEDs exhibit brightness levels and longevity well in access of what is required for outdoor applications. Combined with the available Very LEDs, one can; for the first time, have full color all semiconductor displays. Very recently pulsed room temperature operation of 410 nm semiconductor laser, the shortest wavelength ever from a semiconductor, has been reported. If used for traffic lights, in office. automobile, aircraft, airport, run-ways, ships and home illumination, these devices can outlast and outperform the incandescent light bulbs while saving precious energy. This material system is also intrinsically germane to short wavelength semiconductor lasers for increased data storage. Nitrides are also conductive for high power devices/circuits, and sensors and detectors with applications in high temperature and unfriendly environments. Estimates show that substantial weight savings can be had in aircraft and spacecraft. In aircraft, the devices can replace the bulky hydraulics rendering the craft more reliable and lighter while avoiding costly coolers. Moreover, AlGaN alloy with bandgaps above 5.5 eV shows negative electron affinity surface with applications to cold cathodes in general and flat panel displays in particular. GaN and related materials are rich in defects? certainly to a large extent due to the lack of native substrates, whose characteristics have been analyzed both structurally and electronically. Recent data indicate that the large background electron concentrations encountered in early stages of development are due to nitrogen vacancies. The p type doping incorporation is a very complex process in that the presence of p type impurities in the growth environment can result in defect formation. However, when the conditions are favorable, the p type dopant incorporation follows the side selection criteria meaning conditions favoring Ga vacancies appear to be desirable. C1 USAF, WRIGHT LAB, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP UNIV ILLINOIS, MAT RES LAB, COORDINATED SCI LAB, DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN, 104 S GOODWIN AVE, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 128 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 EI 1976-8524 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 30 SU S BP S26 EP S51 PG 26 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XJ375 UT WOS:A1997XJ37500006 ER PT J AU Razeghi, M Kung, P Zhang, X Walker, D Saxler, A Lim, KY Kim, KS AF Razeghi, M Kung, P Zhang, X Walker, D Saxler, A Lim, KY Kim, KS TI Structural and microstructural characterization of GaN thin films and GaN-based heterostructures grown on sapphire substrates SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 1996 Seoul International Symposium on the Physics of Semiconductors and Applications CY OCT 21-22, 1996 CL KOREA INST SCI & TECHNOL, SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Res Fdn, Korea Informat Soc Dev Inst, Samsung Electr Co Ltd, Hyundai Electr Co Ltd, LG Semicon Co Ltd, Korea Federat Sci & Technol Soc HO KOREA INST SCI & TECHNOL ID 00.1 SAPPHIRE AB The primary cause for x-ray rocking curve broadening in epitaxial GaN grown on basal plane sapphire is determined by studying the reciprocal space maps of both symmetric and asymmetric propagation of threding dislocations in GaN/AlGaN-based heterostructures is studied through cross sectional transmission electron microscopy. A density of screw and mixed dislocations less than 10(7) cm(-2) in these heterostructures is achieved. C1 WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH. JEON BUK NATL UNIV,DEPT PHYS,JEONJU 560756,SOUTH KOREA. RP Razeghi, M (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,CTR QUANTUM DEVICES,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 30 SU S BP S1 EP S6 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XJ375 UT WOS:A1997XJ37500002 ER PT J AU Sallberg, SA Welsh, BM Roggemann, MC AF Sallberg, SA Welsh, BM Roggemann, MC TI Maximum a posteriori estimation of wave-front slopes using a Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; IMAGES AB Current methods for estimating the wave-front slope at the pupil of a telescope by using a Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor (SH-WFS) are based on a simple centroid calculation of the irradiance distributions (spots) recorded in each subaperture. The centroid calculation does not utilize knowledge concerning the correlation properties of the slopes over the subapertures or the amount of light collected by the SH-WFS. We present the derivation of a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation of the irradiance centroids by incorporating statistical knowledge of the wave-front tilts. Information concerning the light level in each subaperture and the relative spot size is also employed by the estimator. The MAP centroid estimator is found to be unbiased, and the mean square error performance is upper bounded by that exhibited by the classical centroid technique. This error performance is demonstrated by using Kolmogorov wave-front slope statistics for various light levels. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN PHYS,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Sallberg, SA (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,2950 P ST,BLDG 640,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1347 EP 1354 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.14.001347 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA XA645 UT WOS:A1997XA64500018 ER PT J AU MessingerRapport, BJ Volk, M Medvedik, J Novak, M AF MessingerRapport, BJ Volk, M Medvedik, J Novak, M TI Application of a prognostic scoring system to critically ill patients in a small military facility SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC HEALTH EVALUATION; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; ACUTE PHYSIOLOGY; CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; PREDICTION MODELS; APACHE-III; SEVERITY; MORTALITY AB Two hundred one consecutive adult admissions to a 3-bed Special Care Unit in a 25-bed military hospital were scored using APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation). Outcome measures included APACHE II scores and mortality predictions; active intensive care interventions; transfers for specialized care; and mortality. Although higher scores generally reflected the need for intensive care intervention, admissions with nondiagnostic chest pain had scores that did not accurately predict their course. This finding could be explained by bias in the original APACHE case mix and by the need for further subclassification of cardiovascular disease. APACHE II scoring can be applied in small intensive care settings. Scoring criteria and logistic regression equations may need to be customized accordingly. RP MessingerRapport, BJ (reprint author), USAF,MED GRP 436TH,DOVER AFB,DE 19902, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 162 IS 6 BP 407 EP 411 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XD115 UT WOS:A1997XD11500013 PM 9183163 ER PT J AU Wilson, LW AF Wilson, LW TI Simplified percent body fat predictor SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Wilson, LW (reprint author), USAF,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 162 IS 6 BP R2 EP R2 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XD115 UT WOS:A1997XD11500002 PM 9183152 ER PT J AU Meredith, JH AF Meredith, JH TI Hemingway: The postwar years and the posthumous novels - Burwell,RM SO MODERN FICTION STUDIES LA English DT Book Review RP Meredith, JH (reprint author), USAF ACAD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 SN 0026-7724 J9 MOD FICTION STUD JI Mod. Fict. Stud. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 43 IS 2 BP 471 EP 474 DI 10.1353/mfs.1997.0016 PG 4 WC Literature SC Literature GA XG638 UT WOS:A1997XG63800015 ER PT J AU Suhre, DR Singh, NB Balakrishna, V Fernelius, NC Hopkins, FK AF Suhre, DR Singh, NB Balakrishna, V Fernelius, NC Hopkins, FK TI Improved crystal quality and harmonic generation in GaSe doped with indium SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER AB GaSe crystals were doped with indium, and improvements in the mechanical properties and second-harmonic efficiency over pure crystals were obtained. Both effects are due to an improvement in the crystal quality of the material, and it was shown that doping with low levels of indium did not alter the intrinsic value of the nonlinear d coefficient. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLPO,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Suhre, DR (reprint author), NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP,CTR SCI & TECHNOL,1350 BEULAH RD,PITTSBURGH,PA 15235, USA. NR 13 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 22 IS 11 BP 775 EP 777 DI 10.1364/OL.22.000775 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA XC137 UT WOS:A1997XC13700009 PM 18185658 ER PT J AU Carrier, LTCDA Arriaga, MA AF Carrier, LTCDA Arriaga, MA TI Cost-effective evaluation of asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss with focused magnetic resonance imaging SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 16-20, 1995 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID BRAIN-STEM RESPONSE; INTRACANALICULAR ACOUSTIC NEUROMA; DIAGNOSIS; AUDIOMETRY; GADOLINIUM; SURGERY; CONSERVATION; LESIONS AB The poor sensitivity of audiometric brain stem response for small vestibular schwannomas (acoustic neuromas) creates a dilemma for the physician evaluating a patient with signs and symptoms of retrocochlear disease, Magnetic resonance imaging is recognized as the gold standard for the evaluation of these problems, but if a complete examination of the internal auditory canals and head is done on every patient, the cost is high, Although less expensive, screening with audiometric brain stem response risks missing up to 33% of small tumors, Therefore we developed a focused magnetic resonance imaging sequence for evaluation of patients with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss and/or nonpulsatile tinnitus, The protocol includes a T-1-weighted sagittal localizer, pregadolinium and post-gadolinium T-1-weighted 3-mm contiguous axial slices through the internal auditory canal and the region of the cerebellopontine angle, and T-2-weighted axial images through the entire brain, Total scanning time is about 12 minutes, and the estimated cost is $300 to $500, We retrospectively reviewed the imaging records of 485 screening examinations done during an 18-month period. Twenty-four patients had diagnoses definitely or probably producing the hearing loss for an overall positive rate of 5%. By eliminating the need for follow-up audiometric or electrophysiologic studies, we believe a focused magnetic resonance imaging-based diagnostic scheme is actually more cost-effective on a cost-per-patient basis. C1 PITTSBURGH EAR ASSOCIATES,DEPT OTOL NEUROTOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT NEURORADIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 116 IS 6 BP 567 EP 574 PN 1 PG 8 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA XH410 UT WOS:A1997XH41000002 PM 9215364 ER PT J AU Moore, JA Quinn, MJ AF Moore, JA Quinn, MJ TI Enhancing disk-directed I/O for fine-grained redistribution of file data SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE parallel file systems; disk-directed I/O; array redistribution AB Few parallel file systems provide support for permuting file data from the canonical file distribution to a different distribution on compute nodes, Hence, redistributions are typically performed using many inefficient, fine-grained file operations. File systems relying on collective operations take a global view and replace many fine-grained file operations with a single request, One such system is disk-directed I/O, in which I/O nodes, given a collective description of a file operation, manage the transfer of data between the compute nodes' memory and disk, Disk-directed I/O provides the user with nearly full disk bandwidth in many situations, but while it easily outperforms non-collective approaches, disk-directed I/O provides only a fraction of the available disk bandwidth when fine-grained redistributions are required. We analyze disk-directed I/O's performance on these redistributions and show that, with the high-bandwidth disk systems available today, other approaches should be considered. We propose two enhancements to disk-directed I/O, one in which data from several disk blocks are combined into a single message from an I/O node to a compute node, and another in which the two-phase access strategy is combined with disk-directed I/O, Our results show that these schemes, when applied to fine-grained redistributions of file data, provide higher bandwidth than traditional disk-directed I/O or previously suggested variations. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT COMP SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Moore, JA (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT COMP SCI,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 23 IS 4-5 BP 477 EP 499 DI 10.1016/S0167-8191(97)00010-0 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA XD069 UT WOS:A1997XD06900005 ER PT J AU Previc, FH Murphy, SJ AF Previc, FH Murphy, SJ TI Vertical eye movements during mental tasks: A re-examination and hypothesis SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL LATERALIZATION; HUMANS; ATTENTION; ORIGINS AB Previous research has shown that both vertical and lateral eye movements occur during mental tasks, although the neuropsychological basis for such movements remains unclear. Vertical and lateral eye movements were recorded from 24 right-dominant subjects as they performed three different mental tasks: a mental arithmetic task, a visuospatial imagery task, and a proverb interpretation task. Significant upward biases in the direction of the initial eye movement were observed as subjects answered a series of arithmetic and visuospatial questions along with a nonsignificant upward bias following a series of proverbs that subjects had to interpret. By contrast, no consistent lateral eye movement biases were found during any task. The results are interpreted according to Previc's recent theory linking processing in the upper and lower Visual fields to ventral versus dorsal posterior cortical activation, respectively. C1 RES & DEV LABS,CULVER CITY,CA. RP Previc, FH (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,FLIGHT MOT EFFECTS BRANCH,CREW TECHNOL DIV,CREW SYST DIRECTORATE,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 SN 0031-5125 J9 PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL JI Percept. Mot. Skills PD JUN PY 1997 VL 84 IS 3 BP 835 EP 847 PN 1 PG 13 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA XA585 UT WOS:A1997XA58500024 PM 9172191 ER PT J AU Lythe, G Erneux, T Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V AF Lythe, G Erneux, T Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V TI Low pump limit of the bifurcation to periodic intensities in a semiconductor laser subject to external optical feedback SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DIODES; DYNAMICS; MODE AB The conditions for a bifurcation to periodic intensities (Hopf bifurcation) for low values of the pump current are examined using singular perturbation methods. We show that the frequency of the oscillations at the bifurcation point remains close to the relaxation oscillation frequency of the solitary laser until the pump parameter is close to its effective threshold value. This part of our analysis adds substance to previous estimates of the frequency of the oscillations, which were guided by experiments. In the second part of our analysis, we show that, very close to threshold, the frequency exhibits a sharp transition from the relaxation oscillation frequency to a frequency proportional to the external cavity frequency (i.e., 2 pi/tau, where tau is the external round-trip time). C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB PL LIDN,NONLINEAR OPT CTR,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Lythe, G (reprint author), FREE UNIV BRUSSELS,CAMPUS PLAINE,CODE POSTAL 231,B-1050 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. OI Lythe, Grant/0000-0001-7966-5571 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 6 BP 4443 EP 4448 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.4443 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA XE372 UT WOS:A1997XE37200065 ER PT J AU Ansari, A AF Ansari, A TI Self-similarity and mixing characteristics of turbulent mixing layers starting from laminar initial conditions SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-LAYER AB Direct numerical simulations of two turbulent mixing layers starting from low- and high-gradient laminar profiles have been performed, to assess the transitional and long time characteristics of these flows. The simulations include a passive scalar with Schmidt number of 0.7, and were conducted using a grid resolution of 512 x 256 x 257 implemented in parallel on 128 nodes of the Intel Paragon supercomputer. The two mixing layers at their final turbulent condition achieved Reynolds number of approximate to 11 000. It is found that although the self-similarity appears to have been achieved early in the evolution of these flows, long time development is necessary for the mixing characteristics and the statistical content of these flows to become similar to the mixing layers that start from turbulent boundary layers. RP Ansari, A (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,CFD RES BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JUN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1714 EP 1728 DI 10.1063/1.869288 PG 15 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA XB197 UT WOS:A1997XB19700017 ER PT J AU Liou, LL Jenkins, T Huang, CI AF Liou, LL Jenkins, T Huang, CI TI DC power limitation of the heterojunction bipolar transistor with dot geometry: Effect of base potential distribution on thermal runaway SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT GAIN; COLLAPSE AB The d.c. power limitation of a conventional HBT with dot geometry was studied theoretically using combined electro-thermal and transmission line models. In most cases, the thermal runaway occurs at a power level lower than that set by the intrinsic electronic property of the device. The dependence of the d.c. thermal runaway threshold power density, P-max, on the emitter dot radius and emitter ballast resistance was calculated Increasing emitter dot radius lowers P-max. Although ballast resistance increases P-max, the effect reduces as the emitter dot radius increases. This is caused by the non-uniform potential distribution in the base layer. When thermal runaway is considered, the nonuniform base-emitter potential offsets the improvement of the power handling capability by the physical ballast resistance. Conventional HBTs with a large radius (greater than 4 mu m) exhibit a small P-max caused by thermal effect. This threshold power density can be increased drastically by using the thermal shunt technique. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Liou, LL (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 41 IS 6 BP 871 EP 877 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(97)00030-0 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA XJ044 UT WOS:A1997XJ04400010 ER PT J AU Bents, RT France, JC Glover, JM Kaylor, KL AF Bents, RT France, JC Glover, JM Kaylor, KL TI Untitled - Response SO SPINE LA English DT Letter RP Bents, RT (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ORTHOPAED SURG,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1276 EP 1276 DI 10.1097/00007632-199706010-00025 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA XD863 UT WOS:A1997XD86300025 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Donley, MS Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, AA Donley, MS Zabinski, JS TI Pulsed Laser deposition of diamond-like carbon wear protective coatings: A review SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 22-26, 1996 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE laser; carbon; coating; wear; friction ID EXCIMER-LASER; FILMS; TRIBOLOGY; GRAPHITE; DLC; ABLATION AB Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is an emerging technology, which has recently produced diamond-like coatings (DLC) far protection against sliding wear. In this review, the characteristics of PLD that govern the growth of wear resistant DLC coatings are identified, including laser pulse energy density and wavelength, target material and substrate temperature. Attention is given to the mechanical, tribological and wear properties of hydrogen-free DLC and hydrogenated H:DLC coatings produced by laser ablation of graphite and polycarbonate targets, respectively. Mechanisms of friction and wear of these coatings are discussed with emphasis on the formation of an sp(2)-rich transfer film inside wear tracks. The DLC coatings have hardnesses of up to 70 GPa, friction coefficients about 0.1 and wear rates several orders of magnitude lower than ceramic coatings, The incorporation of DLC into advanced coating architectures to improve wear protection at high contact loads is discussed, including composite DLC/H:DLC coatings, functionally gradient Ti-TiC-DLC coatings, and multilayer Ti-DLC nano-composites for wear protection at high contact loads. These advanced coatings have increased toughness and prevent DLC cracking and delamination under contact pressures above 1 GPa. The potential of PLD DLC in wear protection applications is highlighted in the conclusion. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), USAF, WRIGHT LAB, MAT DIRECTORATE, 2941 P ST, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 34 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 92 IS 1-2 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(97)00007-8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA XJ316 UT WOS:A1997XJ31600008 ER PT J AU Rai, AK Bhattacharya, RS Zabinski, JS Miyoshi, K AF Rai, AK Bhattacharya, RS Zabinski, JS Miyoshi, K TI A comparison of the wear life of as-deposited and ion-irradiated WS2 coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ion-irradiation; sputtering; tungstendisulphide; wear life ID SPUTTERED MOS2 COATINGS; BEAM MODIFICATIONS; SLIDING LIFE; FILMS; ENHANCEMENT AB The effects of high energy (MeV) ion-irradiation on the wear life of amorphous sputter-deposited WS2 coatings were studied. The coatings were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering on M50 steel and Si3N4 substrates. The coatings were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) for microstructure and composition, respectively. Nano-hardness indentation was used to determine the hardness of as-deposited and ion-irradiated WS2 coatings. Scratch tests were performed to determine the coating adhesion with the substrate. The wear life was measured in vacuum as well as in 50% relative humidity using a pin on disc tribotester. The results indicated the amorphous nature of the coatings both before and after irradiations. Compared to the as-deposited coating, the ion-irradiated WS, coating exhibited higher hardness and increased adhesion. The wear life of ion-irradiated WS2 coating was significantly improved in both vacuum and humid environments due to enhanced adhesion and higher hardness. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLBT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Rai, AK (reprint author), UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC,DAYTON,OH 45432, USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 92 IS 1-2 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(97)00081-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA XJ316 UT WOS:A1997XJ31600018 ER PT J AU Patterson, W McGlasson, D AF Patterson, W McGlasson, D TI A comparison of human and killer whale platelet fatty acid composition SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,CLIN INVEST DIRECTORATE,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PATHOL,GALVESTON,TX 77550. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUN PY 1997 SU S BP P1053 EP P1053 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XE898 UT WOS:A1997XE89801051 ER PT J AU Jepson, GW McDougal, JN AF Jepson, GW McDougal, JN TI Physiologically based modeling of nonsteady state dermal absorption of halogenated methanes from an aqueous solution SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; KINETIC CONSTANTS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; RAT; DIHALOMETHANES; METABOLISM; EXPOSURE; CHLOROFORM; WATER AB Dermal absorption of organic chemicals from aqueous solutions are a concern in both the workplace and the home. Organic chemicals are generally not very soluble in water and the exposure may never reach steady state because the concentration of chemical decreases during the exposure. In vivo animal studies which mimic human exposures, but are carefully controlled, are one way to measure absorption. Whole animal studies are superior to excised skin measurements, because the physiological responses including blood flow, metabolism, and biological defenses are present. in this study, we develop a physiologically based model for nonsteady state exposures to organic chemicals in aqueous solutions. A key feature of this model is a compartment which describes loss of chemical in the exposure solution due to absorption into the skin. We exposed rats to a range of aqueous concentrations of dibromomethane (2.4 to 9.4 mg/ml) and bromochloromethane (3.6 to 12.8 mg/ml) and measured blood concentrations during 24-hr exposures. The blood concentrations peaked at about 1-2 hr and diminished to nearly nothing at 24 hr. Physiologically based models were used to estimate permeability coefficients for each of the exposures, although none of the exposures reached steady state due to the decreasing concentration of chemical on the surface of the skin. A constant permeability coefficient adequately described the blood concentrations during the prolonged exposure. Physiologically based models can be used to estimate permeability coefficients when the concentration of chemical on the skin is not constant. These permeability parameters can subsequently be used for assessing the risks in human exposure situations. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 GEOCENTERS INC,DIV TOXICOL,AL,OET,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Jepson, GW (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,2856 G ST,AREA B,BLDG 79,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 144 IS 2 BP 315 EP 324 DI 10.1006/taap.1997.8143 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA XF149 UT WOS:A1997XF14900012 PM 9194415 ER PT J AU Bleckmann, CA Oxley, ME Wilson, EJ Hayes, KW Hercyk, NL AF Bleckmann, CA Oxley, ME Wilson, EJ Hayes, KW Hercyk, NL TI Treatment of produced oily sand: Field results SO WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; land treatment; oily waste; oil in soil; oil disposal ID LAND TREATMENT; SLUDGE; SOIL; BIODEGRADATION AB Land treatment techniques successfully treated oily waste generated during the production of crude oil. Over 13 years of safe operations have demonstrated the environmental acceptability of the method. Natural biodegradation processes removed nearly 80% of the applied waste oil. The oily fraction of the waste had an average half-life in the soil of approximately 3 years, with significant variability between years. There was a slight increase in the proportion of heavy hydrocarbons (resins and asphaltenes) in the soil, suggesting the preferential degradation of the lighter constituents. Metals of environmental concern did not accumulate in, or migrate from, the plowzone of the soil. (C) 1997 ISWA. RP Bleckmann, CA (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0734-242X J9 WASTE MANAGE RES JI Waste Manage. Res. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 15 IS 3 BP 223 EP 237 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XG120 UT WOS:A1997XG12000002 ER PT J AU Lanicci, JM Warner, TT AF Lanicci, JM Warner, TT TI A case study of lid evolution using analyses of observational data and a numerical model simulation SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SEVERE-STORM ENVIRONMENT; ELEVATED MIXED-LAYER; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; RETURN-FLOW; MEXICO; GULF; INVERSION; PARAMETERIZATION AB A case of lid formation and evolution over the southern Great Plains during early spring is analysed using conventional data analysis and a 120-h simulation from the Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model, Version 4 (MM4). The authors begin with a brief discussion of the evolution of the synoptic-scale circulation during the different phases of the lid development cycle in this case and follow with a description of MM4 as it was configured for this study. The model results are then used to supplement the data analyses in an examination of how the synoptic-scale circulation evolves and how it influences the physical and dynamical processes acting on the elevated mixed layer (ER?LI and low-level moist-layer source regions of the North American plateau and the Gulf of Mexico, respectively. The importance of choosing on appropriately large model domain and long simulation period in order to document properly the sequence of events. focusing primarily on the precursors to, and genesis of. the lid environment is stressed. The 120-h simulation allows one to focus on the ways in which synoptic and mesoscale processes interact to produce the observed mesoscale lid features such as inversions, moist layers, and EMLs over Texas, Oklahoma, and the adjacent coastal region. C1 UNIV COLORADO,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. RP Lanicci, JM (reprint author), USAF,DIRECTORATE COMMAND & CONTROL,AIR & SPACE OPERAT,DCS,XOCP,624 9TH ST,SUITE 300,WASHINGTON,DC 20001, USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 12 IS 2 BP 228 EP 252 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1997)012<0228:ACSOLE>2.0.CO;2 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XF203 UT WOS:A1997XF20300003 ER PT J AU Sargent, RA Kilgo, JC Chapman, BR Miller, KV AF Sargent, RA Kilgo, JC Chapman, BR Miller, KV TI Nesting success of Kentucky and Hooded Warblers in bottomland forests of South Carolina SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PREDATION AB We Studied the nesting success of Kentucky Warblers (Oporornis formosus) and Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina) in 15 bottomland hardwood forests on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, during 1993-1994, The Mayfield success rate for Kentucky Warbler nests (N = 26) and Hooded Warblers nests (N = 33) was 34.7% and 28.7%, respectively. The daily survival rate for Kentucky Warbler nests (0.952, SE = 0.018) did not differ (P = 0.157) from that for Hooded Warbler nests (0.941, SE = 0.014). Successful Kentucky Warbler pairs fledged more (P < 0.001) young (3.7, SE = 0.2) than Hooded Warbler pairs (2.7, SE = 0.2). Hatch-year birds comprised a greater (P < 0.01) proportion of captured individuals for Kentucky Warblers (hatch-year:after-hatch-year = 2.2) than for Hooded Warblers (hatch-year:after-hatch-year = 0.4), possibly reflecting the greater number of young produced per successful nest for the former, and suggesting differences in postfledging survival or in fledgling behavior between the species. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, DB WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. RP Sargent, RA (reprint author), WR ALC, EMX, 216 OCMULGEE CT, ROBINS AFB, GA 31098 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 109 IS 2 BP 233 EP 238 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA XC719 UT WOS:A1997XC71900005 ER PT J AU Henshaw, TL Herrera, SD Haggquist, GW Schlie, LAV AF Henshaw, TL Herrera, SD Haggquist, GW Schlie, LAV TI Kinetics of NCl(a(1)Delta) via photodissociation of ClN3 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-LASER; RATE CONSTANTS; NCL; DECOMPOSITION; DISSOCIATION; CIN3 AB Kinetic measurements of NCl(a(1) Delta) metastables produced by the photolysis of chlorine azide (CIN3) at 193 nm are reported. High NCl(a(1) Delta) density (>10(15) molecules/cm(3)) production facilitates measurements of the NCl(a(1) Delta) + NCl(a1 Delta) self-annihilation rate. A gas phase transient chemical titration scheme is used to calibrate absolute NCl(a(1) Delta) density. The NCl(a(1) Delta) bimolecular rate coefficient at room temperature is (7.2 +/- 0.9 x 10-(12) cm(3)/(molecule s) and has a magnitude very critical to the development of an NCl(a(1) Delta) + I(P-2(3/2))--> I*(P-2(1/2)) + NCl(X-3 Sigma(-)) chemical laser. Despite the large value of the self-annihilation rate, intense I*(P-2(1/2)) emission via transfer from NCl(a1 Delta) is strongly observed when mixtures of CH2I2 and CIN3 are photolyzed at 193 nm. Unlike the analogous O-2(a(1) Delta) + I(P-2(3/2)) energy transfer system, the relatively large NCl(a(1) Delta) bimolecular rate constant suggests that NCl(a(1) Delta) transport times must be short and will require small chemical mixing regions for efficient lasing. In addition, the 300 K collisional quenching rate constants of NCl(a(1) Delta) by F-2, Cl-2, and Br-2 are (2.5 +/- 1.1) x 10(-13), (2.9 +/- 0.6) x 10(-11), and (1.4 +/- 0.2) x 10(-10) cm(3)/(molecule s), respectively. RP Henshaw, TL (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,LASER & IMAGING DIRECTORATE,LIDD,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 29 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 22 BP 4048 EP 4056 DI 10.1021/jp962745q PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XB799 UT WOS:A1997XB79900009 ER PT J AU Lott, JA AF Lott, JA TI Design of vertical cavity lasers with intracavity photodetectors SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE vertical cavity surface emitting lasers; photodetectors AB The magnitude of photocurrent generated in a resonant cavity enhanced pin photodetector embedded within the top or bottom distributed Bragg reflector of a vertical cavity laser is predicted using a characteristic matrix formalism. Modelling results for an example device emitting at 650nm are presented and discussed. RP Lott, JA (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,2950 P ST BLDG 640,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD, ENGLAND SG1 2AY SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAY 22 PY 1997 VL 33 IS 11 BP 955 EP 957 DI 10.1049/el:19970662 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XD329 UT WOS:A1997XD32900028 ER PT J AU Hancock, RD Schauer, FR Lucht, RP Farrow, RL AF Hancock, RD Schauer, FR Lucht, RP Farrow, RL TI Dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering measurements of nitrogen and oxygen in a laminar jet diffusion flame SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE CARS; dual-pump CARS; three-laser CARS; diffusion flames ID ROTATIONAL CARS; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; COMBUSTION; CO AB Dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) has been demonstrated for the simultaneous measurement of gas-phase temperature and concentrations of molecular nitrogen and oxygen. A polarization technique was used to vary the relative intensities of the two CARS signals and expand the dynamic range of the relative concentration measurements. Detailed temperature and oxygen mole fraction measurements were performed in the stabilization region of a hydrogen-nitrogen jet diffusion flame. These results indicate that there is a region below the nozzle exit where significant amounts of oxygen are found on the fuel side of the peak flame temperature profile. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,COMBUST RES FACIL,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. AERO PROP & POWER DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Hancock, RD (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MECH & IND ENGN,1206 W GREEN ST,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 35 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 15 BP 3217 EP 3226 DI 10.1364/AO.36.003217 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA WZ080 UT WOS:A1997WZ08000006 PM 18253329 ER PT J AU Vorontsov, MA Carhart, GW Pruidze, DV Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG AF Vorontsov, MA Carhart, GW Pruidze, DV Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Adaptive imaging system for phase-distorted extended source and multiple-distance objects SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICS; PERFORMANCE; TELESCOPE AB We introduce an incoherent adaptive imaging system based on optimization of an image quality metric measured using a coherent optical system. Experimental results and numerical simulations are presented that demonstrate adaptive correction of phase-distorted extended source images containing objects located at multiple distances. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,IMAGING BRANCH,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783, USA. RI Tippie, Abbie/A-1106-2007 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 15 BP 3319 EP 3328 DI 10.1364/AO.36.003319 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA WZ080 UT WOS:A1997WZ08000020 PM 18253343 ER PT J AU Pirzkal, N Spillar, EJ Dyck, HM AF Pirzkal, N Spillar, EJ Dyck, HM TI A search for close bright companions to AeBe stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared, stars; stars, pre-main-sequence; stars, statistics ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; INFRARED-EMISSION; FORMING REGIONS; TAURUS-AURIGA; MULTIPLICITY; ACCRETION; SPECTRA; IMAGES; DISKS AB We present the result of IR observations in the K band of 39 bright AeBe stars in the northern hemisphere. Using the shift-and-add technique, we were able to detect nearby objects as close as 0'.4 from the primary star. We found nine stars that have one or more companions. Adjusting for completeness, we compute that the AeBe star binary rate is 85%. The binary rate of AeBe stars is therefore greater than that of near solar type MS stars (57%) and similar to that found in T Tauri stars (80%). C1 USAF, PHILLIPS LAB, KIRTLAND AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pirzkal, N (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA. NR 23 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 1997 VL 481 IS 1 BP 392 EP 395 DI 10.1086/304055 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XA544 UT WOS:A1997XA54400032 ER PT J AU Monnier, JD Bester, M Danchi, WC Johnson, MA Lipman, EA Townes, CH Tuthill, PG Geballe, TR Nishimoto, D Kervin, PW AF Monnier, JD Bester, M Danchi, WC Johnson, MA Lipman, EA Townes, CH Tuthill, PG Geballe, TR Nishimoto, D Kervin, PW TI Nonuniform dust outflow observed around infrared object NML Cygni SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; dust, extinction; infrared, ISM, continuum; ISM, jets and outflows; stars, AGB and post-AGB; stars, individual (NML Cyg) ID LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; CIRCUMSTELLAR SILICATE DUST; SPATIAL INTERFEROMETER; SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; EVOLVED STARS; C-STARS; SHELLS; TEMPERATURE; GRAINS AB Measurements by the University of California Berkeley Infrared Spatial Interferometer at 11.15 mu m have yielded strong evidence for multiple dust shells and/or significant asymmetric dust emission around NML Cyg. New observations reported also include multiple 8-13 mu m spectra taken from 1994-1995 and N-band (10.2 mu m) photometry from 1980-1992. These and past measurements are analysed and fitted to a model of the dust distribution around NML Cyg. No spherically symmetric single dust shell model is found consistent with both near- and mid-infrared observations. However, a circularly symmetric maximum entropy reconstruction of the 11 mu m brightness distribution suggests a double-shell model for the dust distribution. Such a model, consisting of a geometrically thin shell of intermediate optical depth (tau(11 mu m) similar to 1.9) plus an outer shell (tau(11 mu m) similar to 0.33), is consistent not only with the 11 mu m visibility data but also with near-infrared speckle measurements, the broadband spectrum, and the 9.7 mu m silicate feature. The outer shell, or large-scale structure, is revealed only by long-baseline interferometry at 11 mu m, being too cold (similar to 400 K) to contribute in the near-infrared and having no unambiguous spectral signature in the mid-infrared. The optical constants of Ossenkopf, Henning, & Mathis proved superior to the Draine & Lee (1984) constants in fitting the detailed shape of the silicate feature and broadband spectrum for this object. Recent observations of H2O maser emission around NML Cyg by Richards, Yates, & Cohen (1996) are consistent with the location of the two dust shells and provide further evidence for the two-shell model. C1 JOINT ASTRON CTR,HILO,HI 96720. ROCKWELL POWER SYST CO,KIHEI,HI 96753. USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIHEI,HI 96753. RP Monnier, JD (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SPACE SCI LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Lipman, Everett/D-1696-2009 NR 36 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 1997 VL 481 IS 1 BP 420 EP 432 DI 10.1086/304050 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XA544 UT WOS:A1997XA54400035 ER PT J AU Nathan, V AF Nathan, V TI Quantum-well infrared detectors (vol 74, pg R18, 1993) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Three errors in the equations for dark current in quantum well infrared photodetectors suggested in a recent paper by Levine [J. Appl. Phys. 74, R18 (1993)] are pointed out and corrected. RP Nathan, V (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,VTMR,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 10 BP 7076 EP 7076 DI 10.1063/1.365271 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WZ575 UT WOS:A1997WZ57500082 ER PT J AU Carlson, JL AF Carlson, JL TI Los Angeles A to Z: An encyclopedia of the city and county - Pitt,L, Pitt,D SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Carlson, JL (reprint author), VANDENBERG AFB LIB,VANDENBERG AFB,CA, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAY 15 PY 1997 VL 122 IS 9 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA WZ160 UT WOS:A1997WZ16000049 ER PT J AU Lo, I Chiang, JC Tsay, SF Mitchel, WC Ahoujja, M Kaspi, R Elhamri, S Newrock, RS AF Lo, I Chiang, JC Tsay, SF Mitchel, WC Ahoujja, M Kaspi, R Elhamri, S Newrock, RS TI Effect of well thickness on the two-dimensional electron-hole system in AlxGa1-xSb/InAs quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE PERSISTENT PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; INTERFACE ROUGHNESS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TIME AB We have studied the effect of well thickness on the two-dimensional electron-hole system in semimetallic AlxGa1-xSb/InAs quantum wells by Shubnikov-deHaas (SdH) measurements. The number of hole carriers in the AlxGa1-xSb barriers was changed by a negative persistent photoconductivity effect. From the amplitude of SdH oscillation for the sample with the thinnest well, we found that the interface roughness scattering dominated when the number of hole carriers is small. After the number of holes is increased by the negative persistent photoconductivity effect, the electron-hole scattering becomes more important, and results in a reduction of the electron quantum lifetime. The competition between electron-hole scattering and interface roughness scattering depends on the amount of holes in the barriers. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT PHYS,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP Lo, I (reprint author), NATL SUN YAT SEN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,KAOHSIUNG 80424,TAIWAN. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 20 BP 13677 EP 13681 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.13677 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XD170 UT WOS:A1997XD17000052 ER PT J AU Capano, MA Voevodin, AA Bultman, JE Zabinski, JS AF Capano, MA Voevodin, AA Bultman, JE Zabinski, JS TI Pulsed laser deposition of titanium-carbonitride thin films SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; CUTTING TOOLS; COATINGS; CARBIDE C1 UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP Capano, MA (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY 15 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1101 EP 1106 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(97)00014-6 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WV996 UT WOS:A1997WV99600004 ER PT J AU Olivas, JD Mireles, C Acosta, E Barrera, EV AF Olivas, JD Mireles, C Acosta, E Barrera, EV TI Surface characterization of plasma spray metal deposition procedures using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 1995) CY APR 25-29, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE metallization; surface composition; titanium; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ID TITANIUM; TI AB Plasma spray metal coatings of Ni-Al, Cu-Ni, Ni-Cr-Al, and Al on Ti-8Mn were analyzed by characterizing the surfaces at each step of the coating process to identify the effects in relation to surface chemical species. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to identify substrate and as-processed phases, hydrocarbon residuals, oxides, and embedded aggregates. The influence of 2-butanone cleaning and grit blasting was seen in the alterations of the C Is and O Is peaks. It was observed that while these cleaning methods were successful at removing macroscopic contaminants, they altered recognizably the surface chemistry in the process. The chemistry of the Ti-8Mn surface substrate was shown to be predominately TiO2. It was shown that compared with the control samples, chemical cleaning increases O and C ambient/organic surface contamination while mechanical cleaning introduces surface embedded aggregates prior to the application of the first coating. Metallization steps also showed the influence of oxide systems which were overlayers on the as-processed coatings. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 DIV PHYS SCI,KELLY AFB,TX 78241. RICE UNIV,RICE QUANTUM INST,DEPT MECH ENGN & MAT SCI,HOUSTON,TX 77005. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 15 PY 1997 VL 299 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(96)09036-0 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA XH325 UT WOS:A1997XH32500025 ER PT J AU Chauvet, M Hawkins, SA Salamo, GJ Segev, M Bliss, DF Bryant, G AF Chauvet, M Hawkins, SA Salamo, GJ Segev, M Bliss, DF Bryant, G TI Self-trapping of two-dimensional optical beams and light-induced waveguiding in photorefractive InP at telecommunication wavelengths SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOVOLTAIC SPATIAL SOLITONS; GAIN ENHANCEMENT; DARK; FE; RESONANCE; BRIGHT; MEDIA AB We demonstrated an experimental observation of self-trapping and self-deflection of a two-dimensional optical beam by the photorefractive effect at telecommunication wavelengths under an applied de field. Self-trapping is effective for an intensity range related to the intensity-temperature resonance known for two-wave mixing in InP:Fe. The photorefractive index change giving rise to the trapping is measured at 10(-4), while the photorefractive space-charge field is measured at about 50 kV/cm, ten times higher than the applied field. We show experimentally that this index change creates a waveguide that can be used to guide a second beam at 1.55 mu m. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT ELECT ENGN, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, ADV CTR PHOTON & OPTOELECT MAT, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. USAF, ROME LAB, HANSCOM AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Chauvet, M (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS, DEPT PHYS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. NR 18 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 12 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 19 BP 2499 EP 2501 DI 10.1063/1.118902 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WY234 UT WOS:A1997WY23400003 ER PT J AU Ruyten, WM AF Ruyten, WM TI Correction of self-illumination and spectral-leakage effects in luminescent-paint measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE luminescent paint; pressure-sensitive paint; self-illumination; spectral leakage; aerodynamic measurement technology; inverse problems; computational flow imaging ID PRESSURE-SENSITIVE PAINT AB An analytical model is presented that accounts for the effects of self-illumination of a diffusely reflecting test article in luminescent-paint measurements. Contributions from multiple reflections of excitation and emission Light are summed to infinite order in closed form. Also included are the effects of spectral leakage resulting from an imperfectly filtered source and imperfectly rejected reflected excitation light. It is shown that the Conventional method of determining flow variables from the ratio of flow-on and flow-off signals is adversely affected by self-illumination and spectral leakage. An explicit solution is derived for the associated inversion problem. Sample calculations are presented. RP Ruyten, WM (reprint author), SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,INSTRUMENTAT & DIAGNOST BRANCH,APPL TECHNOL DEPT,ARNOLD ENGN DEV CTR,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389, USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 10 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 14 BP 3079 EP 3085 DI 10.1364/AO.36.003079 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA WY307 UT WOS:A1997WY30700008 PM 18253313 ER PT J AU Matson, CL Fox, M Hege, EK Hluck, L Drummond, J Harvey, D AF Matson, CL Fox, M Hege, EK Hluck, L Drummond, J Harvey, D TI Deep-space satellite-image reconstructions from field data by use of speckle imaging techniques: Images and functional assessment SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM ESTIMATION; TRIPLE-CORRELATION; INTERFEROMETRY; ASTEROIDS; BISPECTRUM; TURBULENCE; DETECTOR; MASKING AB Speckle imaging techniques have been shown to mitigate atmospheric-resolution limits, allowing near-diffraction-limited images to be reconstructed. Few images of extended objects reconstructed by use of these techniques have been published, and most of these results are for relatively bright objects. We present image reconstructions of an orbiting Molniya 3 spacecraft from data collected by use of a 2.3-m ground-based telescope. The apparent brightness of the satellite was 15th visual magnitude. Power-spectrum and bispectrum speckle imaging techniques are used prior to image reconstruction to ameliorate atmospheric blurring. We discuss how these images, although poorly resolved, can he used to provide information on the satellite's functional status. It is shown that our previously published optimal algorithms produce a higher-quality image than do conventional speckle imaging methods. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,STEWARD OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,ADV IMAGING DIV,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 10 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 14 BP 3120 EP 3126 DI 10.1364/AO.36.003120 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA WY307 UT WOS:A1997WY30700013 PM 18253318 ER PT J AU Matson, CL Boger, J AF Matson, CL Boger, J TI Laboratory validation of range-resolved reflective tomography signal-to-noise expressions SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE laser radar; tomography; signal-to-noise ID PROJECTION GENERATION; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; LASER; RADAR AB The Air Force Phillips Laboratory is in the process of demonstrating an advanced space surveillance capability with a heterodyne laser radar (ladar) system. Notable features of this ladar system include its narrow micropulses (<1.5 ns) contained in a pulse-burst wave form that allows high-resolution range data to be obtained and its high power (30 J/pulse burst) that permits reasonable signal returns from satellites. Recently, time-resolved image-domain signal-to-noise ratios have been derived for both the intensity projections calculated from the range-resolved reflective data and image information obtained with linear combinations of the projections. In this paper the signal-to-noise expression for intensity projections is validated by laboratory data. C1 ROCKWELL POWER SYST CO,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87185. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,ADV IMAGING DIV,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 10 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 14 BP 3165 EP 3173 DI 10.1364/AO.36.003165 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA WY307 UT WOS:A1997WY30700018 PM 18253323 ER PT J AU Bruno, JG AF Bruno, JG TI In vitro selection of DNA to chloroaromatics using magnetic microbead-based affinity separation and fluorescence detection SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RNA; MOLECULES; LIGANDS; INVITRO AB In vitro selection (SELEX) of DNA ligands to the chloroaromatics, 4-chloroaniline (4-CA), 2,4,6-trichloroaniline (TCA) and pentachlorophenol (PCP), was performed by a novel method utilizing magnetic beads (MBs) having a linker arm for immobilization. Use of MBs was advantageous in obviating elution and precipitation of DNA as conjugated MBs with surface-captured template DNA could be directly added to PCR mixtures. In addition, a simplified PCR scheme requiring only one type of primer and a rapid fluorescence microscopic method for assessing nucleic acid binding after each round of SELEX were demonstrated. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Bruno, JG (reprint author), APPL RES ASSOCIATES,139 BARNES DR,SUITE 2,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403, USA. NR 7 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD MAY 8 PY 1997 VL 234 IS 1 BP 117 EP 120 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6517 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA WZ565 UT WOS:A1997WZ56500024 PM 9168972 ER PT J AU Yuan, J Wells, L Marshall, P AF Yuan, J Wells, L Marshall, P TI Kinetic studies of the reactions of atomic hydrogen with iodoalkanes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ENERGIES; BROMINE AB Rate constants for the reaction of H atoms with the alkyl iodides iodomethane (1), deuterated iodomethane (1d), iodoethane (2), 2-iodopropane (3), and 2-iodo-2-methyl propane (4) have been measured using the flash-photolysis resonance fluorescence technique. The results are k(1) (6.3 +/- 0.6) x 10(-11) exp[((-5.0 +/- 0.3) kJ mol(-1))/RT] (T = 297-757 K), k(1d) = (8.0 +/- 1.7) x 10(-11) exp[((-5.3 +/- 0.7) kJ mol(-1))/RT] (T = 296-728 K), k(2) = (1.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(-10) exp[((-5.9 +/- 0.8) kJ mol(-1))/RT] (T = 295-624 K), k(3) = 1.4 x 10(-11) (T = 295 K) and k(4) = 2.0 x 10(-11) (T = 294 K) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The transition state for the substitution reaction H + CH3I --> I + CH4 was characterized at the Gaussian-2 level of ab initio theory, and the process was shown to be slow. Evidence is presented showing that H-atom abstraction is also slow, and that the dominant pathway for the reactions of H atoms with iodoalkanes is I-atom abstraction. C1 UNIV N TEXAS,DEPT CHEM,DENTON,TX 76203. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,CTR COMPUTAT MODELING NONSTRUCT MAT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 8 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 19 BP 3542 EP 3546 DI 10.1021/jp964096o PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WY394 UT WOS:A1997WY39400020 ER PT J AU Eckstein, DB AF Eckstein, DB TI Bad math favors F-22 SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USAF,WASHINGTON,DC 20330. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD MAY 5 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 19 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WX371 UT WOS:A1997WX37100001 ER PT J AU Trautman, PB Williams, LN Fiedler, ER Gackstetter, G Hermesch, C AF Trautman, PB Williams, LN Fiedler, ER Gackstetter, G Hermesch, C TI Assessment of tobacco use behavior among Air Force recruits SO ADDICTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0965-2140 J9 ADDICTION JI Addiction PD MAY PY 1997 VL 92 IS 5 BP 632 EP 632 PG 1 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA WZ730 UT WOS:A1997WZ73000056 ER PT J AU Taylor, PM AF Taylor, PM TI Developing policy analysis of fundamental tax reform SO AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 109th Meeting of the American-Economic-Association CY JAN 04-06, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Econ Assoc ID GROWTH RP Taylor, PM (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT ECON & GEOG,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 SN 0002-8282 J9 AM ECON REV JI Am. Econ. Rev. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 87 IS 2 BP 133 EP 137 PG 5 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA XB091 UT WOS:A1997XB09100028 ER PT J AU Luetje, CM Syms, CA Luxford, WE Storper, IS Glasscock, ME Brackmann, DE Vergara, G Fisch, U AF Luetje, CM Syms, CA Luxford, WE Storper, IS Glasscock, ME Brackmann, DE Vergara, G Fisch, U TI Meningiomas intrinsic to the geniculate ganglion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Otological-Society CY MAY 04-05, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Otol Soc DE geniculate ganglion; meningioma ID TEMPORAL BONE AB Objective: To present the clinical, surgical and histopathological manifestations of meningioma intrinsic to the geniculate ganglion. Study Design: Retrospective study of outcome. Setting: Three private tertiary and one university (otology/neurotology) referral centers. Patients: Six patients with cranial nerve VII paresis underwent magnetic resonance imaging and/or high-resolution computed tomography for subsequently histologically proven intrinsic meningioma of the geniculate ganglion. An additional six cases were identified in the literature. Most patients were female and ranged in age from 5 to 40 years. Intervention: Total tumor removal via middle fossa and mastoid exposures followed by cable graft VIT-VII neuroanastomosis. Main Outcome Measure: Meningioma can occur intrinsic to the geniculate ganglion and produces gradual VIIth nerve paresis as its first symptom. Other sites of predilection may occur extrinsically within the temporal bone or along intracranial venous sinuses at sites of arachnoid villi. Results: Hearing was maintained in each patient, and postoperative House-Brackmann grade III-V facial nerve function was achieved. Conclusions: Intrinsic meningiomas of the geniculate ganglion rarely occur. However, this entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of a slowly progressive VIIth nerve paresis, especially in young females. Surgical removal and cable graft VII-VII neuroanastomosis is the treatment of choice. Longterm follow-up should be maintained because of the potential for von Recklinghausen's disease. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. HOUSE EAR CLIN,LOS ANGELES,CA. COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL,NEW YORK,NY. OTAL GRP PC,NASHVILLE,TN. TRINITY LUTHERAN HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,KANSAS CITY,MO. UNIV ZURICH HOSP,CH-8091 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP Luetje, CM (reprint author), OTOL CTR,3100 BROADWAY,SUITE 509,KANSAS CITY,MO 64111, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0192-9763 J9 AM J OTOL JI Am. J. Otol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 18 IS 3 BP 393 EP 397 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA WX858 UT WOS:A1997WX85800022 PM 9149837 ER PT J AU Syms, CA House, JR Luxford, WM Brackmann, DE AF Syms, CA House, JR Luxford, WM Brackmann, DE TI Preoperative electroneuronography and facial nerve outcome in acoustic neuroma surgery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Otological-Society CY MAY 04-05, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Otol Soc DE acoustic neuroma; facial nerve; preoperative electroneuronography ID ELECTRONEUROGRAPHY AB Objective: To determine whether preoperative electroneuronography (ENoG) predicts facial nerve outcome in patients undergoing acoustic neuroma surgery. Study Design: Prospective, consecutive patients undergoing surgery for acoustic neuroma. Setting: A private tertiary otology and neurotology practice. Patients: One hundred consecutive patients presented for surgical removal of an acoustic neuroma between May 1992 and September 1993. The mean patient age was 49 years (range 17-77). Forty-three percent were male and 57% were female. The mean tumor size was 1.77 cm (range 3 mm to 5 cm). The tumors were removed by a translabyrinthine approach in 59% of patients, via the middle fossa in 40%, and retrosigmoid in 1%. The facial nerve was anatomically intact at the conclusion of the operation in all but one patient. Intervention: Preoperative ENoG in all patients undergoing surgical removal of their acoustic neuromas. Main Outcome Measures: Facial nerve outcome was measured using the House-Brackmann scale immediately after the operation, 5-7 days after surgery, and >1 year after surgical resection. Results: Preoperative ENoG had no predictive value in determining immediate or eventual facial nerve outcome. Conclusions ENoG has no value in predicting the facial nerve outcome in acoustic neuroma patients. The results of this study are similar to reports with smaller series in the literature. Preoperative ENoG has proven useful, in another study from this institution, in predicting the possible presence of a facial nerve neuroma. This test may be helpful in determining the possible etiology of an intracanalicular mass. C1 HOUSE EAR CLIN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90057. HOUSE EAR RES INST,LOS ANGELES,CA 90057. JACKSON EAR CLIN,JACKSON,MS. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0192-9763 J9 AM J OTOL JI Am. J. Otol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 18 IS 3 BP 401 EP 403 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA WX858 UT WOS:A1997WX85800024 PM 9149839 ER PT J AU Scott, JS Ockey, RR Holmes, GE Varghese, G AF Scott, JS Ockey, RR Holmes, GE Varghese, G TI Autonomic dysfunction associated with locked-in syndrome in a child SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE autonomic dysfunction; hypothalamic storming; locked-in syndrome; dopamine agonist ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; HEAD-INJURY; PROPRANOLOL; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHERMIA; EPILEPSY; BLOCKADE; ATENOLOL; PLACEBO AB This is a report of a young boy with the unusual combination of autonomic dysfunction with locked-in syndrome following multiple shunt revisions for hydrocephalus. A review of the literature on autonomic dysfunction syndrome and the complex clinical picture of the combined syndromes in a pediatric patient are discussed. The marked effectiveness of treatment with carbidopa/levodopa over bromocriptine for both syndromes is noted. C1 UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,KANSAS CITY,KS 66160. TULSA DEV PEDIAT,TULSA,OK. CTR FAMILY PSYCHOL,TULSA,OK. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DEPT REHABIL MED,KANSAS CITY,KS 66160. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0894-9115 J9 AM J PHYS MED REHAB JI Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 76 IS 3 BP 200 EP 203 DI 10.1097/00002060-199705000-00007 PG 4 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA XG430 UT WOS:A1997XG43000007 PM 9207704 ER PT J AU Johnson, NH Ash, KO Nuttall, KL Ashwood, ER AF Johnson, NH Ash, KO Nuttall, KL Ashwood, ER TI The adequacy of capillary specimens for determining whole blood lead SO ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE AB In response to demands for reliable alternatives to collection of venous specimens for determination of whole blood lead levels in children, the Centers for Disease Control has called for increased research into capillary methodologies. In this study, a three tiered approach was developed to assess the adequacy of capillary specimens for determining whole blood lead. Patient blood lead results from capillary and venous specimens were compared for obvious differences. Next, follow-up specimens for patients with elevated lead levels were compared with the initial results. In addition, experiments were conducted to determine whether or not handwashing eliminates gross contamination. Although the differences are not clinically important, the mean, 3.83 mu g/dL for 5,100 venous specimens, was significantly lower (p < 0.005) then the mean of 4.6 mu g/dL for 1,100 capillary specimens. Gross contamination was rare. Lead levels in follow-up specimens on patients whose initial screens were elevated were generally low. Handwashing greatly reduced the amount of external lead contamination. It is concluded that capillary specimens are an acceptable alternative to venous specimens for whole blood screening programs provided the patient and collector meticulously follow the prescribed collection protocol. Nevertheless, all elevated whole blood lead screening results, venous or capillary, should be confirmed with a venous collection before follow-up action is taken. C1 ARUP LABS,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84108. RP Johnson, NH (reprint author), USAF,BSC,MIDOS 81,SHOKI,CLIN LAB,711 3RD ST,KEESLER AFB,MS 39534, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CLINICAL SCIENCE INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1833 DELANCEY PLACE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 SN 0091-7370 J9 ANN CLIN LAB SCI JI Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA WX121 UT WOS:A1997WX12100002 PM 9142369 ER PT J AU Bachowski, S Kolaja, KL Ketcham, CA Stevenson, DE Walborg, EF Klaunig, JE AF Bachowski, S Kolaja, KL Ketcham, CA Stevenson, DE Walborg, EF Klaunig, JE TI Role of oxidative stress in the mechanism of dieldrin's hepatotoxicity SO ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Central Regional Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society on Chemistry in the 90's and Beyond: Interfacing Chemistry and Toxicology CY 1996 CL DAYTON, OH SP Amer Chem Soc, Central Reg Sect ID LIVER-TUMOR PROMOTION; MOUSE-LIVER; VITAMIN-E; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; FREE-RADICALS; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA-DAMAGE; INDUCTION AB The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by toxic chemicals has been implicated in acute and chronic disease states, including cancer. This increase in cellular ROS call lead to a state of oxidative stress. Many compounds selectively induce hepatic tumors in mice but not rats. The mechanism for the induction of hepatic cancer by these compounds and the observed species selectivity of this effect are not known but may be related to the induction of oxidative stress. Dieldrin is one such compound and is used in the present study to characterize the relationship between oxidative stress and the observed selective hepatotoxicity of dieldrin in mice. It was found that dieldrin induced oxidative stress in the mouse but not the rat, and the observed oxidative stress correlated with the induction of DNA S-phase synthesis. This evidence suggests that the induction of oxidative stress may be a mechanism by which dieldrin and other mouse specific compounds selectively induce their hepatic toxic effects in mice. C1 INDIANA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,DIV TOXICOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. DERMIGEN INC,SMITHVILLE,TX 78957. RP Bachowski, S (reprint author), OET,HSC,AL,OL,BLDG 79,2856 G ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 78 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CLINICAL SCIENCE INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1833 DELANCEY PLACE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 SN 0091-7370 J9 ANN CLIN LAB SCI JI Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 27 IS 3 BP 196 EP 209 PG 14 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA WX121 UT WOS:A1997WX12100005 PM 9142372 ER PT J AU Dawson, DL Roseberry, CA Fujitani, RM AF Dawson, DL Roseberry, CA Fujitani, RM TI Preoperative testing before carotid endarterectomy: A survey of vascular surgeons' attitudes SO ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Peripheral-Vascular-Surgery-Society CY JUN 10, 1995 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Peripheral Vasc Surg Soc ID CATHETER CEREBRAL ARTERIOGRAPHY; SIPHON STENOSIS; ARTERY DISEASE; GREAT-BRITAIN; SHORT-TERM; ANGIOGRAPHY; COMPLICATIONS; RISK; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; CANDIDATES AB Traditional surgical practice and published consensus statements from major vascular surgery specialty societies have considered contrast arteriography to be a routine part of the diagnostic evaluation prior to carotid endarterectomy (CEA), However, some surgeons now omit routine preoperative arteriography if a technically adequate carotid duplex scan is performed and indications for CEA are clear. To better establish current practice patterns and to characterize vascular surgeons' opinions about the role of preoperative arteriography, the Peripheral Vascular Surgery Society membership was surveyed by mail. Eighty-six percent of the members responded (430 of 502). Ninety-three percent of all patients considered for CEA are evaluated with duplex scanning; 82% with arteriography, While the majority of surgeons typically obtain both a duplex scan and an arteriogram, 70% have performed CEA without a preoperative arteriogram. Brain imaging studies (CT or MRI) are obtained in 26% and MR angiograms in 10% of cases. Seventy-five percent of the surgeons agreed with the statement that CEA without preoperative arteriography is an acceptable practice if appropriate indications for surgery are present. Furthermore, one third believed that CEA without a preoperative arteriogram is generally acceptable (acceptable more than half the time). Respondents were stratified by surgical experience time in practice and practice type. No significant differences in responses were found, suggesting the acceptance of CEA without preoperative arteriography is broad-based. This survey demonstrates changing attitudes among practicing vascular surgeons regarding the necessity for routine arteriography prior to CEA. Carotid endarterectomy on the basis of duplex scanning and clinical assessment should be considered an accepted alternative. RP Dawson, DL (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,VASC LAB,VASC SURG SERV,DEPT GEN SURG,59TH MED WING-PSSG,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 54 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0890-5096 J9 ANN VASC SURG JI Ann. Vasc. Surg. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 264 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s100169900044 PG 9 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA WW543 UT WOS:A1997WW54300008 PM 9140601 ER PT J AU Fiorella, PD Spain, JC AF Fiorella, PD Spain, JC TI Transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS52 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMAMONAS-ACIDOVORANS NBA-10; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTRA; MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STRAIN; DEGRADATION; REDUCTION; TNT AB Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS52 grows on nitrobenzene via partial reduction of the nitro group and enzymatic rearrangement of the resultant hydroxylamine, Cells and cell extracts of nitrobenzene-grown JS52 catalyzed the transient formation of 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4HADNT), 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4ADNT), and four previously unidentified metabolites from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), Two of the novel metabolites were identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and H-1-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as 2,4-dihydroxylamino-6-nitrotoluene (DHANT) and 2-hydroxalamino-4-amino-6-nitrotoluene (2HA4ANT), A polar yellow metabolite also accumulated during transformation of TNT by cells and cell extracts, Under anaerobic conditions, extracts of strain JS52 did not catalyze the production of the yellow metabolite or release nitrite from TNT; moreover, DHANT and 2HA4ANT accumulated under anaerobic conditions, which indicated that their further metabolism was oxygen dependent, Small amounts of nitrite were released during transformation of TNT by strain JS52, Sustained transformation of TNT by cells required nitrobenzene, which indicated that TNT transformation does not provide energy, Transformation of TNT catalyzed by enzymes in cell extracts required NADPH, Transformation experiments with C-14-TNT indicated that TNT was not mineralized; however, carbon derived from TNT became associated with cells, Nitrobenzene nitroreductase purified from strain JS52 transformed TNT to DHANT via 4HADNT, which indicated that the nitroreductase could catalyze the first two steps in the transformation of TNT, The unusual ability of the nitrobenzene nitroreductase to catalyze the stoichiometric reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to the corresponding hydroxylamine provides the basis for the novel pathway for metabolism of TNT. C1 USAF, AL EQC, TYNDALL AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 46 TC 95 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 63 IS 5 BP 2007 EP 2015 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WX361 UT WOS:A1997WX36100057 PM 16535610 ER PT J AU Rigaut, F Ellerbroek, BL Northcott, MJ AF Rigaut, F Ellerbroek, BL Northcott, MJ TI Comparison of curvature-based and Shack-Hartmann-based adaptive optics for the Gemini telescope SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; optical systems; wave-front sensing; telescopes ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; PERFORMANCE; COMPENSATION; HAWAII AB We present the results of independent numerical simulations of adaptive optics systems for 8-m astronomical telescopes that use both Shack-Hartmann and wave-front curvature sensors. Four differents codes provided consistency checks and redundancy. All four simulate a complete system and model noise and servo-lag effects. A common atmospheric turbulence generator was used for consistency. We present the main characteristics of the codes, and we report the system performance in term of Strehl ratio and full width at half-maximum versus the magnitude of the (on-axis) guide star. We show that a Shack-Hartmann plus stacked actuator mirror system with 10 x 10 subapertures or a curvature plus bimorph mirror system with 56 subapertures yields a 50% Strehl ratio at 1.6 mu m for a m(R) = 167 magnitude star, with almost equivalent performance at both brighter and dimmer light levels. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,STARFIRE OPT RANGE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. UNIV HAWAII,INST ASTRON,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP Rigaut, F (reprint author), CANADA FRANCE HAWAII TELESCOPE CORP,POB 1597,KAMUELA,HI 96743, USA. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 13 BP 2856 EP 2868 DI 10.1364/AO.36.002856 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA WX242 UT WOS:A1997WX24200020 PM 18253284 ER PT J AU Morris, CE Briggs, J Popper, SE AF Morris, CE Briggs, J Popper, SE TI Human subject research at Armstrong Laboratory, 1973-93: Medical and musculoskeletal disqualifications SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONSCIOUSNESS; AIRCREW; STRESS AB The reasons for disqualification of human subjects from 1973-93 at Armstrong Laboratory, formerly the Harry C. Armstrong Aeromedical Research Laboratory (AAMRL), are presented for both sustained and impact acceleration panels. Evaluations for both medical and spinal anomalies were accomplished. The rationale for each disqualification is discussed. demonstrating the variability in each panel physician's clinical judgment in the context of personal bias, the ethical framework surrounding the use of human volunteers, and the existing research milieu. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,ESCAPE & IMPACT PROTECT BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. 74 AMDS SGPF,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 68 IS 5 BP 378 EP 383 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA WX138 UT WOS:A1997WX13800004 PM 9143746 ER PT J AU Krock, LP Balldin, UI HarmsRingdahl, K Singstad, CP Linder, J Siegborn, J AF Krock, LP Balldin, UI HarmsRingdahl, K Singstad, CP Linder, J Siegborn, J TI Influence of a reduced G-suit pressure schedule on G-duration tolerance using enhanced G-protection ensembles SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATION AB Background: Reducing pressure to enhanced G-protection ensembles may diminish potential undesirable physiologic effects, as well as improve wear comfort and garment durability. Hypothesis: G-duration tolerance will not be affected by reducing pressure to the Swedish tactical flight combat suit (TFCS). A second objective tested the similarity in G-duration tolerance between the TFCS and Combined Advanced Technology Enhanced Design G-Ensemble (COMBAT EDGE) combined with a prototype enhanced coverage G-suit. Methods: There were 12 Swedish pilots (mean = 30 yr) who experienced gradual onset(+0.l G.s(-1)) runs (GOR) to +9 Gz, rapid (+6 G.s(-1)) onset runs (ROR) and simulated aerial combat maneuvers (SACM) with +5 to +9 Gz cycles. The GOR and ROR profiles had a sustained times of 60 s after reaching +9 Cz. Results: GOR duration tolerance was statistically decreased (p < 0.01) by the lower pressure (1.1 psig.G(-1)) when compared to standard pressure (1.5 psig.G(-1)). No statistical difference between TFCS and COMBAT EDGE was observed during the GOR trials. For all conditions, during the RORs, 90% of the subjects completed at least 30 s at +9 Gr. Many technical or medical difficulties during SACM trials limited statistical treatment of these data. However, no obvious among-condition differences were observed. Noteworthy among SACM trials were those of 3 subjects enduring more than 9 min before stopping; one completing 12.5 min (35 cycles). Neither heart rate, blood pressure, nor perceived exertion data revealed a condition-effect difference. Conclusion: Moderately reduced pressure to the extended coverage anti-C suit, combined with positive pressure breathing, may yield decreased G-tolerance results during laboratory evaluation; however, observed differences are sufficiently small they are likely operationally insignificant. C1 NATL DEF RES ESTAB,DIV AVIAT MED,S-58111 LINKOPING,SWEDEN. KAROLINSKA INST,DEPT REHABIL MED,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. SWEDISH AF,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RP Krock, LP (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,AOH,2510 KENNEDY CIRCLE,SUITE 117,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 68 IS 5 BP 403 EP 409 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA WX138 UT WOS:A1997WX13800008 PM 9143750 ER PT J AU Popper, SE Morris, CE Briggs, J Fisher, F AF Popper, SE Morris, CE Briggs, J Fisher, F TI Comparison of acceleration subjects to other populations: Spinal anomaly distribution SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Two Armstrong Laboratory (AL) human volunteer subject panels (sustained and impact acceleration) at Wright Patterson AFB, OH, were compared to each ether and to other samples of different populations in terms of spinal anomalies. These sample populations were obtained from the scientific literature: French, Norwegian, Netherlands, and U.S. pilots; U.S. Air Force (AF) and Navy subjects; and from representative ''normal'' civilian populations, and then compared using the proportion parameters for various spinal anomalies. There were only a few common parameters between the two panels and between each panel compared with the foreign military, human subjects, and ''normal'' population. However, there were two to six times as many similar spinal anomaly incidence rates between the AL panels and the U.S. pilot sample. It was reassuring that the AL subject panels used in AF acceleration research have more in common with AF pilots than other populations in regards to spinal anomalies, even though the pilot sample may not be representative of the true pilot population. Recommendations are to establish a common reference point in nomenclature and description of spinal anomalies (modeled after the French) and to start collecting spinal radiographs on all U.S. pilots. These radiographs would not be for screening but for establishing a database following the occupational pathology of flying. This data would also facilitate comparisons with research acceleration panels, as well as with foreign air forces. informed decisions can then be made regarding screening criteria for the future as aircraft and election seat performance envelopes continue to expand. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,ESCAPE & IMPACT PROTECT BRANCH,CREW SYST DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH. ARMSTRONG LAB,RES COORDINAT BRANCH,AEROSP MED DIRECTORATE,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 68 IS 5 BP 426 EP 431 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA WX138 UT WOS:A1997WX13800012 PM 9143754 ER PT J AU Hancock, RD Bertagnolli, KE Lucht, RP AF Hancock, RD Bertagnolli, KE Lucht, RP TI Nitrogen and hydrogen CARS temperature measurements in a hydrogen/air flame using a near-adiabatic flat-flame burner SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; THERMOMETRY; DIAMOND AB Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy of diatomic nitrogen and hydrogen was used to measure flame temperatures in hydrogen/air flames produced using a nonpremixed, near-adiabatic, flat-flame Hencken burner. The CARS temperature measurements are compared with adiabatic flame temperatures calculated by the NASA-Lewis equilibrium code for equivalence ratios from 0.5-2.5. The nitrogen CARS temperatures are in excellent agreement with the equilibrium code calculations. Comparison of nitrogen CARS data and the equilibrium code calculations confirms that for sufficiently high flow rates the Hencken burner produces nearly adiabatic flames. Hydrogen CARS temperature measurements are compared to both nitrogen CARS temperature measurements and equilibrium code predictions in order to evaluate and improve the accuracy of hydrogen CARS as a temperature diagnostic tool. Hydrogen CARS temperatures for fuel-rich flames are on average 70 K (similar to 3%) above the equilibrium code predictions and nitrogen CARS temperatures. The difference between temperatures measured using hydrogen and nitrogen CARS is probably due primarily to uncertainties in hydrogen linewidths and line-broadening mechanisms at these conditions. (C) 1997 by The Combustion Institute. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MECH & IND ENGN,URBANA,IL 61820. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AERO PROPULS & POWER DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 18 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 7 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAY PY 1997 VL 109 IS 3 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(96)00191-5 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA WV600 UT WOS:A1997WV60000005 ER PT J AU Gummadi, LNB Palazotto, AN AF Gummadi, LNB Palazotto, AN TI Nonlinear finite element analysis of beams and arches using parallel processors SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID EQUATION SOLVER AB A nonlinear finite element formulation for beams and arches is presented for implementation on a multiple instruction multiple data (MIMD) parallel machine. A twelve degree of freedom arch element is developed using Green strains and 2nd Piola Kirchhoff stresses. Concepts like loop splitting and expression splitting are used to improve the load balancing capability among the processors. Using this developed element. beams and arches that are undergoing large displacements and large rotations are analyzed, and efficiency of the program is compared with a sequential implementation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Gummadi, LNB (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 63 IS 3 BP 413 EP 428 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(96)00343-4 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA WN253 UT WOS:A1997WN25300007 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, S Pachter, R TI Partition coefficients of fuel system icing inhibitors: Semiempirical molecular orbital calculations SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID FREE-ENERGIES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FORCE-FIELD; SOLVATION MODELS; OPTIMIZATION; PARAMETERS; EXTENSION; ALGORITHM; LOCATION; PM3-SM3 AB In our continuing efforts to design nontoxic and biodegradable fuel system icing inhibitor (FSII) compounds with improved fuel solubility and antiicing ability, and nontoxic deicers for aircraft and runways, we report semiempirical molecular orbital calculations of hexadecane-walker partition coefficients (log Ph-w). The evaluation of hexadecane-water partition coefficients for;a series of isomers by an empirical method yields only a single number, whereas our application of solvent models within a molecular orbital approach to methyl- and acetyl-substituted D-glucopyranose results in a range of log Ph-w values. Furthermore, these values are lowered when the conformational response of the FSII to the solvent is included. The extent of this effect depends on the solvation model used and is more pronounced for acetyl-substituted glucopyranoses than for methyl-substituted derivatives. Four methyl substituents in any substitution pattern are required for preferential partitioning into fuel whereas only specific tetraacetylglucopyranose isomers-1,2,3,4-alpha-D-tetraacetylglucopyranose, 1,2,3,6-alpha-D-tetraacetylglucopyranose, 1,2,4,6-alpha-D-tetraacetylglucopyranose, 1,2,4,6-beta-D-tetraacetylglucopyranose, 1,3,4,6-alpha-D-tetraacetylglucopyranose, and 1,3,4,6-beta-D-tetraacetylglucopyranose-will do so. RP Trohalaki, S (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 647 EP 655 DI 10.1021/ef960166e PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA XA830 UT WOS:A1997XA83000020 ER PT J AU Hayworth, JS Burris, DR AF Hayworth, JS Burris, DR TI Nonionic surfactant-enhanced solubilization and recovery of organic contaminants from within cationic surfactant-enhanced sorbent zones .1. Experiments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUATERNARY AMMONIUM-COMPOUNDS; WATER; SOIL; SORPTION; MIXTURES AB Recent studies have shown that cationic surfactants can be used to increase the organic carbon content of aquifer materials, creating enhanced sorbent zones for hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) migrating in groundwater. The coupling of nonionic surfactant-enhanced solubilization of HOCs to the cationic surfactant-enhanced sorption zone concept is examined as a possible groundwater remediation scheme. The partitioning behavior of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) and lgepal CO 730 (CO 730, a nonionic surfactant), both singly and jointly, were determined in batch hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA, a cationic surfactant) chloride-modified aquifer material/water systems. The apparent CO 730 critical micelle concentration (cmc) was found to decrease by a factor of 17 due to nonideal mixed micelle formation in the presence of low aqueous phase HDTMA concentrations that resulted from exposure to HDTMA-modified aquifer material. A greater portion of CO 730 will be present in the micellar psuedophase (the HOC solubilizing phase) as a result of the lowered cmc. The TCB partitioning behavior in the HDTMA-modified aquifer material/water systems was found to be dependent upon the aquifer material organic carbon content, the apparent CO 730 cmc, and the partitioning of TCB between the micellar pseudophase and the bulk aqueous phase containing surfactant monomers. The batch experiments indicate that the micellar pseudophase would be a more favorable partitioning medium for TCB relative to the solid phase organic carbon within an enhanced sorbent zone. One-dimensional column experiments were performed using HDTMA-treated and untreated aquifer materials to determine the transport behavior of CO 730 and to assess the feasibility of using CO 730 to solubilize and recover TCB bound within a cationic surfactant-enhanced sorbent zone. Complete removal (> 99%) of the bound TCB was achieved using a 12-column pore volume Rush of 50 g/L CO 730. The column experiments demonstrated that a nonionic surfactant can effectively remove an HOC from a cationic surfactant-enhanced sorbent zone. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. RP Hayworth, JS (reprint author), APPL RES ASSOCIATES,POB 40128,BLDG 1142,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403, USA. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1277 EP 1283 DI 10.1021/es960322w PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WW948 UT WOS:A1997WW94800020 ER PT J AU Hayworth, JS Burris, DR AF Hayworth, JS Burris, DR TI Nonionic surfactant-enhanced solubilization and recovery of organic contaminants from within cationic surfactant-enhanced sorbent zones .2. Numerical simulations SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL; SORPTION AB A mathematical model is developed to investigate the simultaneous aqueous phase transport and partitioning behavior of a nonionic surfactant and a representative hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC) in flow-through aquifer material-water systems. Unmodified aquifer material and aquifer material treated with a cationic surfactant are considered. Nonionic surfactant sorption is represented using the equilibrium, nonlinear two-term Langmuir equation and the kinetic, nonlinear Langmuir equation. HOC sorption and solubilization is represented by an expression relating HOC partitioning between the bulk solid phase and the bulk aqueous phase containing monomer and micellar pseudophases. The model is implemented in a one-dimensional finite difference numerical model that utilizes Picard iteration to accommodate nonlinearities. Column effluent breakthrough data are used to evaluate the modeling approach. Experimentally determined batch data provided most of the model input parameters. Model simulations show good agreement with measured results when mass transfer limitations for the nonionic surfactant are considered. The model is employed to examine the potential effects of influent nonionic surfactant concentration and flushing rate on the removal of HOCs from within a cationic surfactant-enhanced sorbent zone. The analysis revealed that increasing nonionic surfactant influent concentrations decreased the volume of nonionic surfactant required to recover an HOC pulse and that HOC removal increased with increasing nonionic surfactant Rushing rate. It is likely, however, that a maximum flow rate exists above which mass transfer limitations in HOC aqueous-solid phase partitioning will occur. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. RP Hayworth, JS (reprint author), APPL RES ASSOCIATES,POB 40128,BLDG 1142,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1284 EP 1289 DI 10.1021/es960323o PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WW948 UT WOS:A1997WW94800021 ER PT J AU Henriksen, GL Ketchum, NS Michalek, JE Swaby, JA AF Henriksen, GL Ketchum, NS Michalek, JE Swaby, JA TI Serum dioxin and diabetes mellitus in veterans of operation ranch hand SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; dioxin; glucose metabolism; insulin; cohort study; occupational exposures ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN-TREATED MALE-RATS; GUINEA-PIG; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CAUSES REDUCTION; TCDD EXPOSURE; INCREASES AB We studied diabetes mellitus and glucose and insulin levels in Air Force veterans exposed to Agent Orange and its contaminant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin), during the Vietnam War. The index subjects of the Air Force's ongoing 20-year prospective epidemiologic study are veterans of Operation Ranch Hand (N = 989), the unit responsible for aerial herbicide spraying in Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. Other Air Force veterans who served in Southeast Asia during the same period but were not involved with spraying herbicides serve as Comparisons (N = 1,276). The median serum dioxin level in the Ranch Hand group was 12.2 parts per trillion (ppt) (range = 0-617.8 ppt), and the median dioxin level in the Comparison group was 4.0 ppt (range = 0-10 ppt). We found that glucose abnormalities [relative risk = 1.4; 95% confidence limits (CL) = 1.1, 1.8], diabetes prevalence (relative risk 1.5; 95% CL = 1.2, 2.0), and the use of oral medications to control diabetes (relative risk = 2.3; 95% CL = 1.3, 3.9) increased, whereas time to diabetes-onset decreased with dioxin exposure. Serum insulin abnormalities (relative risk = 3.4; 95% CL = 1.9, 6.1) increased with dioxin exposure in nondiabetics. These results indicate an adverse relation between dioxin exposure and diabetes mellitus, glucose metabolism, and insulin production. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 36 TC 164 Z9 175 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 252 EP 258 DI 10.1097/00001648-199705000-00005 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WV745 UT WOS:A1997WV74500009 PM 9115019 ER PT J AU Rafferty, BD Anderson, BT Glassman, J Miller, HC Lampson, AI Hager, GD AF Rafferty, BD Anderson, BT Glassman, J Miller, HC Lampson, AI Hager, GD TI Experimental and theoretical investigation of a coaxial pumped photolytic atomic bromine laser SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID DEACTIVATION; IODINE; IBR AB This paper describes the results from a combined experimental/theoretical investigation of a coaxial pumped photolytic bromine laser, A 532-mm pump was used to photodissociate IBr and produce Br*(P-2(1/2)) with subsequent lasing on the (P-2(1/2)) --> (P-2(3/2)) transition, Experimental results are presented for output energy, mode buildup time and small-signal gain as a function of pump energy and mirror outcoupling fraction, A simplified rate equation model was developed to predict the laser performance parameters and shows good agreement with the laser output energy and small-signal gain. C1 LOGICON RDA,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. RP Rafferty, BD (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,LIDB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 33 IS 5 BP 685 EP 704 DI 10.1109/3.572142 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA WV969 UT WOS:A1997WV96900007 ER PT J AU Wohlmuth, WA Fay, P Vaccaro, K Martin, EA Adesida, I AF Wohlmuth, WA Fay, P Vaccaro, K Martin, EA Adesida, I TI High-speed InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors with thin absorption layers SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM); photodetectors; photodiodes AB The responsivity and the bandwidth of metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSMPD's) with different InGaAs absorption layer thicknesses and electrode geometries were investigated, By decreasing the InGaAs thickness from 1.0 to 0.25 mu m, the bandwidth was found to increase by approximately a factor of 2, while the responsivity was found to decrease by almost a factor of 3 from 0.29 to 0.10 A/W at a bias of -5 V. Devices with an electrode width and spacing of 1 mu m and a 0.25-mu m absorption layer displayed a bandwidth of 19.5 GHz when biased at -15 V under front-side illumination with 1.55-mu m light. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. USAF,ROME LAB,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731. RP Wohlmuth, WA (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,CTR COMPOUND SEMICOND MICROELECT,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 9 IS 5 BP 654 EP 656 DI 10.1109/68.588184 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA WV229 UT WOS:A1997WV22900036 ER PT J AU Dietz, DC Rosenshine, M AF Dietz, DC Rosenshine, M TI Optimal specialization of a maintenance workforce SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID NETWORKS AB This article develops an analytical method for determining an optimal specialization strategy for a maintenance workforce. The method assumes that maintenance tasks are generated by a system of statistically identical machines that experience random malfunctions and require periodic service. The impact of alternative workforce structures on system performance is evaluated with a queueing network model. Markov decision analysis is employed to determine an optimal assignment of maintenance personnel to pending tasks as the network status varies over time. A linear programming algorithm is derived to enable simultaneous optimization of specific assignment decisions and the overall workforce structure. A manufacturing example demonstrates the applicability of the method to many industrial contexts. The method is also applied to the problem of maximizing military aircraft sortie generation subject to a constraint on maintenance personnel expenditure. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Dietz, DC (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0740-817X J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 29 IS 5 BP 423 EP 433 DI 10.1023/A:1018560321220 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA XB164 UT WOS:A1997XB16400009 ER PT J AU Grismer, DS Jenkins, JE AF Grismer, DS Jenkins, JE TI Critical-state transients for a rolling 65-degree delta wing SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 14th Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY JUN 17-20, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Force and moment experiments were conducted for a 65-deg delta wing undergoing ramp-and-hold and harmonic rolling motions, This extensive set of experiments isolated critical-state responses. Motions between critical states and motions crossing critical states were included, Roll-angle amplitude and the roll rate were varied, The total angle of attack and Mach number were held constant at 30 deg and 0.3, respectively. The amount of time required for the rolling moment coefficient to reach its steady-state value after the end of a ramp was quantified for numerous ramp motions, This relaxation time was a significantly large value for many of the motions, especially when the 5-deg critical state was crossed. Motion history effects were determined for motions that crossed critical states. The effect of roll rate on critical-state transients proved to be insignificant. RP Grismer, DS (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FLIGHT CONTROL DIV,FLIGHT DYNAM DIRECTORATE,FIGC,BLDG 146,2210 8TH ST,SUITE 11,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 34 IS 3 BP 380 EP 386 DI 10.2514/2.2180 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XB843 UT WOS:A1997XB84300015 ER PT J AU Griffin, KE Hopkins, MA AF Griffin, KE Hopkins, MA TI Smart stiffness for improved roll control SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 36th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 13-15, 1995 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP AIAA C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FLIGHT DYNAM DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Griffin, KE (reprint author), SW RES INST,DIV MAT & STRUCT,6220 CULEBRA RD,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78228, USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 34 IS 3 BP 445 EP 447 DI 10.2514/2.2191 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XB843 UT WOS:A1997XB84300025 ER PT J AU Schrader, ML Meyer, WD Weaver, CL AF Schrader, ML Meyer, WD Weaver, CL TI Comments on ''A reexamination of the formation of exhaust condensation trails by jet aircraft'' SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article C1 AIR WEATHER SERV,TECHNOL PLANS & PROGRAMS,SCOTT AFB,IL 62225. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 36 IS 5 BP 623 EP 626 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<0623:COAROT>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WZ020 UT WOS:A1997WZ02000018 ER PT J AU Bruno, JG Collard, SB Andrews, ARJ AF Bruno, JG Collard, SB Andrews, ARJ TI Further characterization of tunicate and tunichrome electrochemiluminescence SO JOURNAL OF BIOLUMINESCENCE AND CHEMILUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE electrochemiluminescence; tunicates; tunichromes; metal ions; fluorescence ID VANADIUM-BINDING SUBSTANCE; ASCIDIA-SYDNEIENSIS-SAMEA; BLOOD-CELLS; AUTONOMOUS FLUORESCENCE; VANADOCYTES; IDENTIFICATION; EXTRACTION; VANADOBIN AB Electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, fluorescence, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) data obtained from the cell-rich perivisceral fluid ('blood') of the tunicate, Molgula occidentalis, suggests that a yellowish protein or protein subunit of <6.5 kDa is probably responsible for the low level intrinsic ECL reported previously. Variable potential ECL scans and spectrofluorometric analyses directly indicated that chlorophylls from ingested phytoplankton were not significant contaminants of M. occidentalis blood samples. Chlorophylls were also examined indirectly from monocultures of dinoflagellate and diatom species to determine their ECL levels. While ECL was observed in these cultures, high concentrations (10(6) organisms/mL) of dinoflagellates or diatoms were needed to produce ECL levels comparable to those observed for M. occidentalis blood. Additional work with two synthetic tunichrome isomers indicated 10-fold increases in ECL when the '2,3,4-tunichrome' was reacted with TI* in 1:1 and 1:2 metal ion to ligand molar ratios. The '3,4,5-tunichrome' isomer exhibited a titration curve with Hg2+ suggestive of the existence of at least two Hg2+ binding sites and a 9- to 10-fold increase in ECL output. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 APPL RES ASSOCIATES,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,ENVIRON DIRECTORATE,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. OHIO UNIV,CLIPPINGER LABS,CTR INTELLIGENT CHEM INSTRUMENTAT,ATHENS,OH 45701. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0884-3996 J9 J BIOLUM CHEMILUM JI J. Biolumin. Chemilumin. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 12 IS 3 BP 155 EP 164 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YK171 UT WOS:A1997YK17100004 PM 9427115 ER PT J AU Cheng, SQ McCleskey, FK Gress, MJ Petroziello, JM Liu, R Namdari, H Beninga, K Salmen, A DelVecchio, VG AF Cheng, SQ McCleskey, FK Gress, MJ Petroziello, JM Liu, R Namdari, H Beninga, K Salmen, A DelVecchio, VG TI A PCR assay for identification of Enterococcus faecium SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; SPECIES LEVEL; RESISTANCE; PATTERNS; STRAINS AB Enterococcus faecium has recently emerged as a serious nosocomial pathogen. The prevalence and severity of enterococcal infections, the mortality rate from such infections, and the antibiotic resistance of enterococci are often species dependent. Since conventional biochemical methods fail to differentiate E. faecium from certain newly described enterococcal species, a PCR-based assay was developed for the rapid identification of E. faecium. C1 UNIV SCRANTON,INST MOL BIOL & MED,SCRANTON,PA 18510. CLIN LABS SCRANTON,SCRANTON,PA 18510. USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,BACTERIOL LAB,EPIDEMIOL RES DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 20 TC 73 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1248 EP 1250 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WV178 UT WOS:A1997WV17800039 PM 9114416 ER PT J AU Chow, PP Evans, KR SpringThorpe, AJ Fisher, P Klaassen, JJ Wowchak, A VanHove, J AF Chow, PP Evans, KR SpringThorpe, AJ Fisher, P Klaassen, JJ Wowchak, A VanHove, J TI Sensor controlled linear motion oven (S-LIMO) for group III flux operation SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE-IX) CY AUG 05-09, 1996 CL PEPPERDINE UNIV, MALIBU, CA HO PEPPERDINE UNIV AB A linear motion Ga source has been constructed and tested for smooth flux variation, The beam flux can be monitored by sensors such as atomic absorption, RHEED, and pyrometric interferometry. We demonstrated stable and reproducible operation of the source using sensor feedback. Constant layer composition can be maintained despite Ga thermal desorption at high temperatures. Arbitrary composition profile can be easily achieved for band gap engineering. C1 AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Chow, PP (reprint author), SVT ASSOCIATES,7620 EXECUT DR,EDEN PRAIRIE,MN 55344, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 1997 VL 175 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(96)00872-X PN 1 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA XL451 UT WOS:A1997XL45100011 ER PT J AU Jenny, JR Kaspi, R Evans, KR AF Jenny, JR Kaspi, R Evans, KR TI Growth kinetics of GaN grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE-IX) CY AUG 05-09, 1996 CL PEPPERDINE UNIV, MALIBU, CA HO PEPPERDINE UNIV DE growth kinetics; GaN; GSMBE; NH3 AB We report on the incorporation kinetics of gallium during gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) of GaN using elemental Ga and NH3 gas as source materials. Desorption mass spectrometry (DMS) is used to perform in situ quantitative measurements of GaN formation, Ga desorption and Ga surface accumulation during growth. The fate of formation of GaN is reported as a function of incident Ga flux (0.1-0.75 ML/s) and incident NH3 flux (1-300 x 10(-7) Torr beam-equivalent pressure) at a constant growth temperature of 725 degrees C. Three distinct growth regimes are observed: (1) GaN is formed where all of the incident Ga flux is consumed, (2) part of the incident Ga is consumed to form GaN while the excess is desorbed from the surface, and (3) GaN formation coexists with desorption and surface accumulation of Ga. It is generally observed that the Ga surface accumulation is inhibited by increasing the rate of incidence of NH3 and/or by decreasing the rate of incidence of Ga at this temperature. In addition, the order of the reaction between Ga and NH3 is determined to be unity, supporting the validity of the Ga + NH3 --> GaN + 3/2 H-2 reaction. C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,UNIV RES CTR,DAYTON,OH 45435. RP Jenny, JR (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB WL AADP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 1997 VL 175 BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(96)01020-2 PN 1 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA XL451 UT WOS:A1997XL45100016 ER PT J AU Mahalingam, K Dorsey, DL Evans, KR Venkatasubramanian, R AF Mahalingam, K Dorsey, DL Evans, KR Venkatasubramanian, R TI A Monte Carlo study of gallium desorption kinetics during MBE of (100)-GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE-IX) CY AUG 05-09, 1996 CL PEPPERDINE UNIV, MALIBU, CA HO PEPPERDINE UNIV DE Monte Carlo models; gallium desorption; molecular beam epitaxy ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; GROWTH; (AL,GA)AS; SURFACE AB In situ desorption mass spectrometry studies (DMS) of AlGaAs/GaAs molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at high substrate temperatures reveals a rich transient behavior in the Ga desorption signal during the formation of the AlGaAs-on-GaAs interface. In this study we develop Monte Carlo (MC) models for Ga desorption, in which the effects of the Al-Ga interaction strength and the inclusion of an Al-Ga surface exchange mechanism are investigated. The models which best describe the experimental observations are identified. The transients in Ga desorption rate at the AlGaAs-on-GaAs interface and the experimentally observed reduction in Ga desorption energy during growth of AlGaAs are explained in terms of the reduction in V/III flux ratio accompanying the opening of the Al shutter. The proposed effects of this reduction in V/III flux ratio are consistent with the results predicted by the different models. C1 USAF,SOLID STATE ELECT DIRECTORATE,AADP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT ELECT ENGN,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. RP Mahalingam, K (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLPO,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 1997 VL 175 BP 211 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(96)00853-6 PN 1 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA XL451 UT WOS:A1997XL45100038 ER PT J AU Venkatasubramanian, R Dorsey, DL Mahalingam, K AF Venkatasubramanian, R Dorsey, DL Mahalingam, K TI Heuristic rules for group IV dopant site selection in III-V compounds SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE-IX) CY AUG 05-09, 1996 CL PEPPERDINE UNIV, MALIBU, CA HO PEPPERDINE UNIV ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; (111)A GAAS; DOPED ALAS; P-TYPE; GROWTH; MBE; SOLUBILITY; ORIENTATION AB The use of column IV dopants in III-V compounds is of great interest because they are easy to handle and in the case of Si, readily available in most molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) chambers. A column IV dopant can act as a donor or an acceptor or both depending on its size relative to the cation and anion sites, the substrate orientation and the growth conditions. In this article, we present heuristic rules for predicting group IV dopant site selection in III-V compounds based on the relative covalent radii of the dopant to the host lattice sites, types and relative numbers of surface dangling bonds and the growth conditions. Preliminary predictions show excellent agreement with available experimental data. C1 WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLPO,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Venkatasubramanian, R (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154, USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 1997 VL 175 BP 224 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(96)00965-7 PN 1 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA XL451 UT WOS:A1997XL45100040 ER PT J AU Eyink, KG Patterson, JK Adams, SJ Haas, TW Lampert, WV AF Eyink, KG Patterson, JK Adams, SJ Haas, TW Lampert, WV TI Use of optical fiber pyrometry in molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE-IX) CY AUG 05-09, 1996 CL PEPPERDINE UNIV, MALIBU, CA HO PEPPERDINE UNIV DE molecular beam epitaxy; process control; temperature measurement; Knudsen (effusion) cell ID SUBSTRATE-TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS; GROWTH; GAAS; OSCILLATIONS AB In this work we will present results of experiments using optical fiber pyrometry (OFP) for the measurement and control of temperature in MBE. Examples of substrate temperature measurements using various OFP pyrometry modes will be given and compared to standard optical pyrometry, thermocouple readout, and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE)). In another example, OFP has been integrated into a standard MBE effusion cell, The OFP measurement is considerably more sensitive than the usual thermocouple used in these applications and can give reproducible temperature resolution of +/- 0.01 degrees C at 800 degrees C. This cell design has exhibited long term stability of +/- 0.02 degrees C when cell temperatures are controlled by OFP. This is about an order of magnitude better than what is typically available using thermocouples. In addition, because the OFP is measuring light from the crucible it does not depend on thermal contact to an insulator as does a thermocouple. We will present data showing the improved time response possible using the OFP control, in particular short term flux transient response. In addition, we will point out the robustness of the OFP sensor to cell failure modes such as crucible cracking and contamination. RP Eyink, KG (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLBM,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 1997 VL 175 BP 262 EP 266 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(96)00940-2 PN 1 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA XL451 UT WOS:A1997XL45100047 ER PT J AU Evans, KR Ehret, JE Jones, CR Kaspi, R AF Evans, KR Ehret, JE Jones, CR Kaspi, R TI Substrate temperature change in III-V molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE-IX) CY AUG 05-09, 1996 CL PEPPERDINE UNIV, MALIBU, CA HO PEPPERDINE UNIV ID GROWTH; ALGAAS AB The surface temperature (T-s), as inferred by desorption mass spectrometric determination of the Ga desorption rate; was followed in time after instantaneous changes were made in the setpoint temperature (T-stpt) during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of GaAs. Comparison between the time-evolution of T-s and that of the non-contact thermocouple-indicated temperature (T-TC) shows that large T-s overshoot is likely to occur under typical MBE growth conditions. Such T-s overshoot can lead to significant compositional grading at nominally abrupt heterojunctions. Details of how T-s evolves in time are found to depend on substrate conductivity, temperature controller settings (proportional band, integral, derivative), and maximum healer current setpoint. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. WRIGHT STATE UNIV,RES CTR,DAYTON,OH 45435. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 1997 VL 175 BP 1316 EP 1320 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(96)00866-4 PN 2 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA XX179 UT WOS:A1997XX17900111 ER PT J AU Noyd, RK Pfleger, FL Norland, MR Hall, DL AF Noyd, RK Pfleger, FL Norland, MR Hall, DL TI Native plant productivity and litter decomposition in reclamation of taconite iron ore tailing SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY SUCCESSION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; MECHANISMS; GRASSLANDS; NITROGEN; GRASSES AB Aboveground production and shoot and root litter decomposition rates were measured in amended coarse taconite tailing plots over the second and third growing seasons of a 3-yr study. Plots were seeded with a mixture of native prairie species that included Andropogon gerardii Vitm., Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, Elymus canadensis L., Bromus kalmii Gray, and Lespedeza capitata Michx. Reclamation treatments included inoculation with indigenous mycorrhizal fungi, three rates of fertilizer, and three rates of composted yard waste. Aboveground plant biomass in plots amended with 44.8 Mg ha(-1) compost increased from 150 g m(-2) in the second season to 330 g m(-2) in the third season. The litterbag technique was used to assess the influence of reclamation treatments on the decomposition of plant litter. Shoot litter placed on the surface lost 60 to 70% of its original mass after 15 mo and was unaffected by treatment during the first season but was slower in plots amended with 44.8 Mg ha(-1) composted yard waste in the second season. Buried root tissue lost 40% of its original mass after 15 mo and was unaffected by treatment. By significantly increasing plant biomass and reducing litter decomposition rate in tailing, additions of 44.8 Mg ha(-1) compost should result in the continued accrual of soil organic matter and begin to meet reclamation goals to establish self-sustaining native plant communities on tailing deposits. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. US BUR MINES, US DEP INTERIOR, TWIN CITIES RES CTR, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55417 USA. USAF ACAD, DEPT MATH SCI, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80840 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 682 EP 687 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WZ349 UT WOS:A1997WZ34900020 ER PT J AU Haverluk, T AF Haverluk, T TI The changing geography of US Hispanics, 1850-1990 SO JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Hispanic; Latino; Hispano; Tejano; Spanish-language radio stations AB In 1930, the majority of Hispanics were of Mexican descent and lived in the five Southwestern states of Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. After World War II, the Latino migrant stream began to diversify and include large numbers of Caribbeans. and Central and South Americans who generally settled in the Eastern states and California. Hispanics of non-Mexican origin now account for 36 percent of the U.S. Hispanic population. Mexican immigration has continued, and large numbers of Mexican Americans live in regions far from the border states. The U.S. Hispanic population has increased from approximately one million in 1930, to approximately 32 million in 1997. County maps chronicle the changing distribution and numbers of Hispanics from 1850 to 1990. RP Haverluk, T (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT ECON & GEOG,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL COUNCIL GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION PI INDIANA PA INDIANA UNIV PENNSYLVANIA, INDIANA, PA 15705 SN 0022-1341 J9 J GEOGR JI J. Geogr. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 96 IS 3 BP 134 EP 145 DI 10.1080/00221349708978775 PG 12 WC Geography SC Geography GA XC666 UT WOS:A1997XC66600001 PM 12178550 ER PT J AU Dotrong, M Lovejoy, SM Wolfe, JF Evers, RC AF Dotrong, M Lovejoy, SM Wolfe, JF Evers, RC TI Unexpected formation of a xanthone in the synthesis of a bisbenzoxazole SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Recently we reported the synthesis in polyphosphoric acid of a graft copolymer consisting of a rigid-rod poly[benzo(1,2-d;4,5-d')bisthiazole-2,6-diyl]-1,4-phenylene backbone and flexible poly(oxy-1,3-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylene) side-chains [1]. However, upon extension of this synthetic approach to the analogous graft copolymer with a poly[benzo(1,2-d:5,4-d')bisoxazole-2,6-diyl]-1,4-phenylene backbone, we encountered some unexpected results due to methyl group migration. In order to better understand these results, we carried out the synthesis of selected benzothiazole and benzoxazole structures under appropriate reaction conditions. The results are reported in this article. C1 LOCKHEED RES & DEV DIV,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Dotrong, M (reprint author), UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,300 COLL PK,DAYTON,OH 45469, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI ODESSA PA PO BOX 993, ODESSA, FL 33556-0993 SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 34 IS 3 BP 817 EP 821 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA XK180 UT WOS:A1997XK18000018 ER PT J AU Buchholz, TA Laramore, GE Stelzer, KJ Risler, R Wootton, P Griffin, TW AF Buchholz, TA Laramore, GE Stelzer, KJ Risler, R Wootton, P Griffin, TW TI Boron neutron capture enhanced fast neutron radiotherapy for malignant gliomas and other tumors SO JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fast neutron radiotherapy; boron neutron capture therapy; malignant glioma ID RADIATION-THERAPY; ASTROCYTOMAS; IRRADIATION; TRIAL AB Both fast neutron radiotherapy and boron neutron capture therapy have been investigated as new radiation treatment techniques for patients with malignant gliomas. While each of these techniques individually has shown the potential for pathological eradication of malignant glioma, to date neither has evolved into an accepted, improved method of treatment. We have recently begun a research program investigating the feasibility of combining the benefits of both types of therapy. As a fast neutron beam penetrates tissue some of the particles are degraded to thermal energies. These can be captured by B-10 or other suitable isotopes resulting in a highly-localized release of additional energy during a course of fast neutron radiotherapy. In this article we will review the rationale for such an approach, and review the underlying physics as well as in vitro, in vivo, and early human studies testing its feasibility. If appropriate carrier agents can be found that preferentially-localize in tumor cells, this approach can be applied to many different tumor systems. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,MED CTR,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP Buchholz, TA (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-594X J9 J NEURO-ONCOL JI J. Neuro-Oncol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1023/A:1005798004420 PG 8 WC Oncology; Clinical Neurology SC Oncology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA WX655 UT WOS:A1997WX65500017 PM 9151234 ER PT J AU Sundell, JA RamosGabatin, A Richardson, LA Smith, FD AF Sundell, JA RamosGabatin, A Richardson, LA Smith, FD TI Thyroid imaging for thyrotoxicosis: Are routine oblique views necessary? SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DAYTON,OH. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP 610 EP 610 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WY980 UT WOS:A1997WY98000563 ER PT J AU RamosGabatin, A Smith, FD AF RamosGabatin, A Smith, FD TI Is the 24 hour iodine I-123 thyroid uptake necessary for proper management of hyperthyroidism in today's managed care environment? SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP 1124 EP 1124 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WY980 UT WOS:A1997WY98001030 ER PT J AU Allen, TW RamosGabatin, A McBiles, M Blumhardt, R Lasher, J AF Allen, TW RamosGabatin, A McBiles, M Blumhardt, R Lasher, J TI Parathyroid scintigraphy: Patterns and pitfalls. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 38 IS 5 SU S BP 1128 EP 1128 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WY980 UT WOS:A1997WY98001034 ER PT J AU Erickson, DM Harris, SE Dean, DD Harris, MA Wozney, JM Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z AF Erickson, DM Harris, SE Dean, DD Harris, MA Wozney, JM Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z TI Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 regulates costochondral growth plate chondrocytes and induces expression of BMP-2 and BMP-4 in a cell maturation-dependent manner SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAT CALVARIAL OSTEOBLASTS; FACTOR-BETA SUPERFAMILY; VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; ARTICULAR CHONDROCYTES; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; RESTING ZONE; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; OSTEOGENIC PROTEIN-1; CARTILAGE PHENOTYPE; NODULE FORMATION AB This study examined the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on several parameters of growth, differentiation, and matrix synthesis and on the endogenous production of mRNA of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 by growth plate chondrocytes in culture. Chondrocytes from resting and growth zones were obtained from rat costochondral cartilage and cultured for 24 or 48 hours in medium containing 0.05-100 ng/ml recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and 10% fetal bovine serum. Incorporation of [H-3]thymidine, cell number, alkaline phosphatase specific activity, incorporation of [H-3]proline into collagenase-digestible protein and noncollagenase-digestible protein, and incorporation of [S-35]sulfate were assayed as indicators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis. mRNA levels for bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 were determined by Northern blot analysis. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 increased the incorporation of [H-3]thymidine by quiescent resting-zone and growth-zone cells in a similar manner, whereas it had a differential effect on nonquiescent cultures. At 24 and 48 hours, 12.5-100 ng/ml recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 caused a dose-dependent increase in cell number and DNA synthesis in resting-zone chondrocytes. No effect was seen in growth-zone cells. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulated alkaline phosphatase specific activity in resting-zone chondrocytes in a bimodal manner, causing significant increases between 0.2 and 0.8 ng/ml and again between 25 and 100 ng/ml. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase specific activity in growth-zone chondrocytes was significantly increased only between 12.5 and 100 ng/ml. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 increased the production of both collagenase-digestible protein and noncollagenase-digestible protein by resting-zone and growth-zone cells, but incorporation of [S-35]sulfate was unaffected. Administration of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 also increased incorporation of [H-3]uridine in both resting-zone and growth-zone chondrocytes; these cells produced mRNA for bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 mRNA levels in both resting-zone and growth-zone chondrocytes increased in the presence of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; however, bone morphogenetic protein-4 mRNA levels in growth-zone cells decreased under its influence, and those in resting-zone cells were upregulated only with a dose of 10 ng/ml. This indicates that recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 regulates chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and matrix production, and the effects are dependent on the stage of cell maturation. Resting-zone chondrocytes were more sensitive? suggesting that they are targeted by bone morphogenetic protein-2 and that this growth factor may have autocrine effects on these cells. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT ORTHOPAED,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PERIODONT,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. INST GENET,CAMBRIDGE,MA. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,HADASSAH FAC DENT MED,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. OI Dean, David/0000-0002-4512-9065 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-08603, DE-05937] NR 56 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 SN 0736-0266 J9 J ORTHOPAED RES JI J. Orthop. Res. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 15 IS 3 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.1002/jor.1100150309 PG 10 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA XN546 UT WOS:A1997XN54600008 PM 9246083 ER PT J AU Butler, TJ Sodoma, LJ Doski, JJ Cheu, HW Berg, ST Stokes, GN Lancaster, KJ AF Butler, TJ Sodoma, LJ Doski, JJ Cheu, HW Berg, ST Stokes, GN Lancaster, KJ TI Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis as the cause of a fatal thrombus on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE heparin-associated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN; ORG-10172; ANTIBODIES; MANAGEMENT; THERAPY; PATIENT; CHILD AB A rare state of acquired hypercoagulability known as heparin-associated or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (HATT, HITT) exists. It appears tb be caused by an antibody reaction with heparin-platelet factor 4 complexes. A mild and severe form exist, but both varieties occur after exposure to heparin. The authors describe a fatal neonatal case of hypercoagulability on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and their evaluation that determined the etiology as type II HATT They discuss the pathophysiology of HATT as weil is possible alternative anticoagulation approaches. Copyright (C) 1997 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT NEONATOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT SURG,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT HEMATOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT PATHOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 32 IS 5 BP 768 EP 771 DI 10.1016/S0022-3468(97)90031-2 PG 4 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA WZ803 UT WOS:A1997WZ80300032 PM 9165476 ER PT J AU Diekmann, KA Samuels, SM Ross, L Bazerman, MH AF Diekmann, KA Samuels, SM Ross, L Bazerman, MH TI Self-interest and fairness in problems of resource allocation: Allocators versus recipients SO JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL DECISION-MAKING; INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT; SERVING ASSESSMENTS; EQUALITY; JUSTICE; PSYCHOLOGY; HEURISTICS; EQUITY; BIASES AB Two studies explored the tension between self-interest and the equality norm in problems of resource allocation. Study 1 presented graduate business students with a hypothetical task requiring them to make a series of managerial decisions. On learning the outcome of those decisions, they were asked to divide a bonus pool between self and a rival manager (who had opted for very different decisions and achieved either the same results as self on 2 criteria or a better result on 1 criterion and a worse result on the other criterion). Study 2 required Stanford and San Jose State undergraduates to consider the division of a hypothetical scholarship fund between candidates from their 2 schools. Data from both studies contrasted the apparent evenhandedness and lack of self-interest manifested by allocators with the self-serving responses of evaluators. Furthermore, when faced with different claims, participants were inclined to justify an unequal allocation of resources-provided that they, or a representative of their group, received the larger share-that few personally would have recommended, demanded, or imposed. C1 USAF ACAD,DEPT BEHAV SCI & LEADERSHIP,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,KELLOGG GRAD SCH MANAGEMENT,EVANSTON,IL 60208. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP Diekmann, KA (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME,COLL BUSINESS ADM,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556, USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH 44321] NR 47 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0022-3514 J9 J PERS SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1061 EP 1074 DI 10.1037/0022-3514.72.5.1061 PG 14 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA WX856 UT WOS:A1997WX85600008 PM 9150585 ER PT J AU Hah, C Puterbaugh, SL Copenhaver, WW AF Hah, C Puterbaugh, SL Copenhaver, WW TI Unsteady aerodynamic flow phenomena in a transonic compressor stage SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibition CY JUN 28-30, 1993 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Soc Automot Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Amer Soc Engn Educ AB A three-dimensional unsteady, viscous aerodynamic analysis has been developed for the flow inside a transonic, high-through-flow, single-stage compressor. The compressor stage is comprised of a low-aspect ratio rotor and a closely coupled stator. The analysis is based on a numerical method for solving the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation for unsteady viscous flow through multiple turbomachinery blade rows. The method solves the fully three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation with an implicit scheme. A two-equation turbulence model with a low Reynolds number modification is applied for the turbulence closure. A third-order accurate upwinding scheme is used to approximate convection terms, whereas a second-order-accurate central difference scheme is used for the discretization of the viscous terms. A second-order accurate scheme is employed for the temporal discretization. The numerical method is applied to study the unsteady flowfield inside a transonic, high-through-flow, axial compressor stage. The numerical results are compared with available experimental data. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,TURBO ENGINE DIV,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Hah, C (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,TURBOMACHINERY & PROPULS SYST DIV,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 329 EP 333 DI 10.2514/2.5175 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WZ022 UT WOS:A1997WZ02200001 ER PT J AU Gaitonde, D Shang, JS AF Gaitonde, D Shang, JS TI Skin-friction predictions in a crossing-shock turbulent interaction SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 15-19, 1996 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID BOUNDARY-LAYER INTERACTIONS AB This work addresses some difficulties in the computation of skin-friction loads caused by shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions in high-speed inlets. Of particular interest is the accuracy of kappa-epsilon based models for C-f prediction in the separated three-dimensional flowfield induced by a symmetric double-fin geometry at Mach 4. A compressibility correction and two length-scale limiting procedures are investigated. A strong correlation is observed between coherent trends in C-f and the flowfield structure near the surface. On the symmetry plane, all modifications improve predictions over the baseline model, but only in the initial interaction region. The downstream flow exhibits high gradients and manifests a central line of three-dimensional attachment straddled by longitudinal vortices. This physical complexity results in uniformly poor predictions. Off the symmetry plane, however, the flow features are relatively simpler, and remarkably good agreement is observed with experiment, particularly with the application of a compressibility correction. Some C-f trend discrepancies between experiment and computation are shown to he associated with a displaced development of mean structures in the computations. RP Gaitonde, D (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FIMC,BLDG 450,2645 5TH ST,SUITE 7,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 342 EP 348 DI 10.2514/2.5190 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WZ022 UT WOS:A1997WZ02200003 ER PT J AU Gaitonde, D Shang, JS Edwards, JR AF Gaitonde, D Shang, JS Edwards, JR TI Structure of a supersonic three-dimensional cylinder/offset-flare turbulent interaction SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID FLOWS; TOPOLOGY AB This work examines computationally the Mach 3 flowfield structure of the external shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interaction caused by a cylinder/offset-flare juncture. The theoretical model employs the full mean compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Several turbulence closures are employed, with particular emphasis placed on predictions obtained with a two-equation k-epsilon model. The calculations are validated by comparison with a range of qualitative and quantitative data, The flowfield is characterized by several of the complex features associated with three-dimensional separation, The surface pattern exhibits an intricate sequence of critical points and is analyzed in terms of its topological portrait through comparison with experimental observations. Fluid separates around the entire periphery upstream of the juncture. Near the upper symmetry plane, this separating fluid rolls up to form a horseshoe like vortical structure. The legs of this structure wrap around the juncture and are turned streamwise near the lower symmetry plane, In conjunction with the displaced oncoming boundary-layer fluid, a dual scroll-like structure is observed straddling the lower symmetry plane. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Gaitonde, D (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 34 IS 3 BP 294 EP 302 DI 10.2514/2.3232 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XD627 UT WOS:A1997XD62700006 ER PT J AU Moore, EH Mah, T Brown, PW AF Moore, EH Mah, T Brown, PW TI Carbon coating of Nextel 550 and 720 by pitch-toluene pyrolysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The carbon coatings on Nextel 550(TM) and 720(TM) were studied in batch (furnace) and continuous (solution fiber coating apparatus) modes, and in an inert atmosphere, Ashland Aerocarb 240(TM) pitch in toluene was used as the precursor material for carbon coating, The effect of processing variables (i.e., pitch concentration, Nextel fiber sizing, and oxidative curing) was studied, Characterization was done by tactile, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), Coating adherence, thickness, and uniformity were investigated, Applied carbon coatings adhered well onto the filaments; however, the thickness and uniformity of the carbon coatings were not good, mainly because of melting and wicking of the pitch inside the tow prior to pyrolysis. C1 UES INC,DAYTON,OH 45432. NATL RES COUNCIL,WASHINGTON,DC 20418. RP Moore, EH (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLLM,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1288 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA WZ554 UT WOS:A1997WZ55400033 ER PT J AU Guide, VDR Srivastava, R AF Guide, VDR Srivastava, R TI Buffering from material recovery uncertainty in a recoverable manufacturing environment SO JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE remanufacturing; recoverable manufacturing; materials planning; safety stocks ID MANAGEMENT; GREEN AB Remanufacturing is becoming an increasingly important alternative to firms as they develop environmentally sound strategies aimed at minimizing waste and resources. Remanufacturing helps minimize costs through such methods as extending product life cycles via refurbishments and technical upgrades which require only a fraction of the resources and energy associated with a new product. The remanufacturing environment is characterized by a far greater degree of uncertainty than new manufacturing, due to such factors as material recovery uncertainty and probabilistic routings. In this study the use of safety stocks, with a material requirement planning system, to deal with the high inherent uncertainty in the system is examined. It is shown that some safety stocks must be kept in the system but have limited applicability. Additional safety stocks do not provide the manager in this environment with any added benefit beyond that obtained by keeping a minimum recommended level. The results obtained are somewhat counter-intuitive, since adding additional levels of safety stock does not add additional coverage when lead times are greater than one planning period. This lead time effect is explained fully and recommendations as to safety stock level to invest in are made. RP Guide, VDR (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH LOGIST & ACQUISIT MANAGEMENT,2950 P ST,BLDG 641,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0160-5682 J9 J OPER RES SOC JI J. Oper. Res. Soc. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 48 IS 5 BP 519 EP 529 DI 10.2307/3010510 PG 11 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA WX567 UT WOS:A1997WX56700007 ER PT J AU He, GS Yuan, LX Cheng, N Bhawalkar, JD Prasad, PN Brott, LL Clarson, SJ Reinhardt, BA AF He, GS Yuan, LX Cheng, N Bhawalkar, JD Prasad, PN Brott, LL Clarson, SJ Reinhardt, BA TI Nonlinear optical properties of a new chromophore SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; POLYMER; MICROSCOPY; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; EXCITATION; DIODES; SYSTEM AB Strong two-photon-absorption (TPA) based nonlinear optical properties of a new chromophore, N, N-diphenyl-7-[2-(4-pyridinyl) ethenyl]-9,9-di-n-decyl-fluoren-2-amine (AF-50) has been experimentally studied. Under excitation with 10-Hz, similar to 8-ns, and similar to 800-nm laser pulses, the TPA cross section and the TPA-induced frequency-upconverted emission spectra are measured for AF-50 solutions in various solvents. The most attractive feature of this chromophore is its remarkably high value of the molecular TPA cross section (similar to 78 x 10(-20) cm(2)/GW in benzene solution). Based on this feature, superior optical power limiting and stabilization performance has been demonstrated in a 1-cm-long AF-50 solution sample with concentration of d(0) = 0.045 M/L. The nonlinear transmission of the measured sample decreased from similar to 0.93 to similar to 0.3 when the input-beam intensity increased from similar to 10 MW/cm(2) to similar to 360 MW/cm(2); the relative intensity fluctuation of the output laser pulses was reduced to one third of that of the input laser beam. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,POLYMER BRANCH,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP He, GS (reprint author), SUNY BUFFALO,DEPT CHEM,PHOTON RES LAB,BUFFALO,NY 14260, USA. NR 26 TC 163 Z9 171 U1 4 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1079 EP 1087 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.14.001079 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA WY400 UT WOS:A1997WY40000011 ER PT J AU Schneider, JM Sproul, WD Voevodin, AA Matthews, A AF Schneider, JM Sproul, WD Voevodin, AA Matthews, A TI Crystalline alumina deposited at low temperatures by ionized magnetron sputtering SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd American-Vacuum-Society Symposium CY OCT 14-18, 1996 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID COATINGS AB Ionized magnetron sputtering based on the work of Rossnagel and Hopwood [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 12, 449 (1994)] has been used to deposit alumina films containing orthorhombic kappa alumina and monoclinic theta alumina at substrate temperatures of 370 to 430 degrees C. An inductively coupled rf Ar/O-2/Al discharge between the sputter source and the heated substrate table was used to effectively ionize not only Ar but more importantly Al and O-2. Both ion energy as well as the ion flux to the substrate influence the structure and properties of the coatings. The ion energy was controlled by the substrate bias potential, and the ion flux by means of the rf power supplied to the coil. The effect of the degree of ionization and therefore the ion flux to the substrate was studied at a constant substrate bias potential of -70 V. It was found that as the ion flux to the substrate was increased, the film crystallinity increased (i.e. the Bragg diffraction peaks were sharper and had higher intensity). It was shown that the formation temperature for kappa alumina can be drastically decreased if high fluxes of reactive Al ions are employed to increase the energy at the substrate. Depending on the ion energy and ion flux, films with hardness values usually reported for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) kappa alumina could be deposited at a maximum substrate temperature of 430 degrees C as opposed to similar to 1000 degrees C by CVD. The process described allows for the first time the deposition of kappa alumina onto metallic substrates such as hardened high speed steel without softening it. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLBT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV HULL,RCSE,KINGSTON HULL HU6 7RX,N HUMBERSIDE,ENGLAND. RP Schneider, JM (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,BIRL,EVANSTON,IL 60201, USA. RI Schneider, Jochen/A-4701-2012; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Matthews, Allan/H-2394-2012 OI Matthews, Allan/0000-0002-9282-1425 NR 19 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1084 EP 1088 DI 10.1116/1.580434 PN 1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA XE731 UT WOS:A1997XE73100117 ER PT J AU Arriaga, MA Gorum, M Kennedy, A AF Arriaga, MA Gorum, M Kennedy, A TI Clinical pathways in acoustic tumor management SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Laryngological-Rhinological-and-Otological-Society CY MAY 07-08, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Laryngol Rhinol & Otol Soc AB Clinical pathways are tools for cost containment and quality improvement in the managed care environment. This report describes our experience with developing and implementing a clinical pathway for acoustic neuroma surgery. Intensive care unit bed days and inpatient hospitalization days for cerebellopontine angle surgery significantly decreased during the months that the pathway was developed, and the incidence of complications was unchanged after adoption of the algorithm, We conclude that with joint neurootology and neurosurgery leadership clinical pathways can be a safe, cost-effective, and clinically useful technique in acoustic neuroma surgery in a managed care setting ks this management scheme evolves, surgeons must take the leadership to ensure that decisions are based on clinically relevant parameters. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT NEUROSURG,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SECT OTOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. RP Arriaga, MA (reprint author), ALLEGHENY NEUROSCI INST & PITTSBURGH EAR ASSOCIAT,HEARING & BALANCE CTR,420 E N AVE,SUITE 402,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212, USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD MAY PY 1997 VL 107 IS 5 BP 602 EP 606 DI 10.1097/00005537-199705000-00009 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA WX657 UT WOS:A1997WX65700008 PM 9149160 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Liang, J Grant, JT Su, SJ Bunning, TJ Cooper, TM Adams, WW AF Jiang, H Liang, J Grant, JT Su, SJ Bunning, TJ Cooper, TM Adams, WW TI Characterization of chitosan and rare-earth-metal-ion doped chitosan films SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEACETYLATION; SPECTRA; CHITIN AB A systematic study has been made on the influence of doped rare-earth metal ions (Er3+ and Nd3+) on the molecular interaction present in thin films fabricated from chitosan-acetic acid solutions (chitosan/HAc). FT-IR spectroscopy (including NIR, MLR and FIR) coupled with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate a weak complexation between the metal ions and amine groups of chitosan. Specifically, the FIR spectra show broad bands near 550, 480 and 250 cm(-1) for the doped films suggestive of metal ion-ligand vibrations. XPS indicates multiple chemical states of N with an increased percentage of a higher binding energy state nitrogen caused by a weak interaction with the doped metal ions. Slight differences in microroughness between the doped and undoped films as observed by X-ray reflectometry may also be related to the doping. The NIR and Mm spectra do not show any significant changes for all the doped and undoped films, implying that the basic molecular conformation of chitosan is not changed by the weak complexation. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WL MLPJ,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RI Adams, Wade/A-7305-2010 NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUTHIG & WEPF VERLAG PI BASEL PA AUF DEM WOLF 4, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYSIC JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 198 IS 5 BP 1561 EP 1578 DI 10.1002/macp.1997.021980519 PG 18 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA XA606 UT WOS:A1997XA60600019 ER PT J AU Sherman, LR Nemeth, JF Mills, SE Plamondon, TJ Puttaiah, R Karpay, RI AF Sherman, LR Nemeth, JF Mills, SE Plamondon, TJ Puttaiah, R Karpay, RI TI Metal analyses of dental unit water systems SO MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATION AB Microbial deposits in dental unit water lines (DUWL) are a potential health problem. Flushing with sodium hypochlorite is one possible procedure for controlling biofilm in DUWL; however, strong oxidizing agents, such as 5000 ppm sodium hypochlorite or 5000 ppm sodium hypochlorite in 1% acetic acid, may attack metal components in a dental unit. Dental units in five clinics equipped with separate water reservoir systems (SWS) were analyzed for metal content in the water. Source water for these units was either municipal water (MW), distilled water (dH2O), or sterile deionized water (sdH2O). Except for calcium, there were no major differences in the metal content of source water drawn from any of the units. The units using dH2O and sdH2O had been treated with either 500 or 5000 ppm bleach from several weeks to several years. A metal profile of the effluent obtained during treatment with hypochlorite showed no major dissolution of metal components (average Cu=0.56, Ni=0.17, Zn=0.91 mg/L). The final water sample flushed from the units after hypochlorite treatment with SWS contained less metal than the water from the units connected to the local municipal water system. The metal ions in the effluent from units being treated with hypochlorite in 1.0% acetic acid were approximately 10 times greater than those from units treated with sodium hypochlorite alone (Cu=20, Ni= 1.5, Zn=22 mg/L). Flushing DUWL with 5000 ppm bleach and using sdH(2)O in the SWS caused less corrosion and resulted in lower metal concentration in the water than the use of municipal water. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,AOCD,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,INFECT CONTROL CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. RP Sherman, LR (reprint author), UNIV SCRANTON,DEPT CHEM,SCRANTON,PA 18510, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0026-265X J9 MICROCHEM J JI Microchem J. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1006/mchj.1996.1465 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WZ462 UT WOS:A1997WZ46200018 ER PT J AU McDougal, JN Grabau, JH Dong, L Mattie, DR Jepson, GW AF McDougal, JN Grabau, JH Dong, L Mattie, DR Jepson, GW TI Inflammatory damage to skin by prolonged contact with 1,2-dichlorobenzene and chloropentafluorobenzene SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE skin damage; epidermal necrosis; dermal inflammation; polymorphonuclear cell margination; edema; organic chemicals; skin penetration ID INVIVO AB Skin samples from Fischer-344 rats and Hartley guinea pigs exposed dermally to 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) and chloropentafluorobenzene (CPFB) for up to 4 h were examined for chemical-induced damage. Samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and scored for polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) margination, dermal inflammation, and epidermal necrosis by light microscopy. Ultrastructural evaluation of samples fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde and postfixed with 1% osmium tetroxide was used to visualize margination of PMNs. Guinea pigs exhibited postexposure inflammatory changes following an exposure of about an hour-and-a-half shorter duration than rats. DCB-induced inflammation and PMN margination occurred following an exposure about a half hour shorter in both species compared to CPFB. In contrast, epidermal necrosis was more severe with CPFB than with DCB. These changes may account for decreases in chemical penetration rates which have been observed in previous studies with DCB and CPFB in rats and guinea pigs. (C) Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP McDougal, JN (reprint author), OET,AL,DIV TOXICOL,BLD 79,2856 G ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD MAY 1 PY 1997 VL 37 IS 3 BP 214 EP 220 PG 7 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA WX213 UT WOS:A1997WX21300006 PM 9144633 ER PT J AU DelGenis, T AF DelGenis, T TI Israel's Gulf War experience: A brief synopsis SO MIDDLE EAST POLICY LA English DT Article RP DelGenis, T (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT POLIT SCI,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST POLICY COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 1730 M ST, NW, STE 512, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1061-1924 J9 MIDDLE EAST POLICY JI Middle East Policy PD MAY PY 1997 VL 5 IS 2 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4967.1997.tb00266.x PG 14 WC Area Studies; International Relations SC Area Studies; International Relations GA XB610 UT WOS:A1997XB61000007 ER PT J AU Edgin, WA Orth, MP AF Edgin, WA Orth, MP TI Maxillo-mandibular fixation trends in the United States SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-of-Air-Force-Clinical-Surgeons CY MAR 31-APR 05, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Soc Air Force Clin Surgeons AB Questionnaires were sent to directors of the 118 oral and maxillofacial surgery training programs in the United States and its territories to survey current trends and recent experience with maxillo-mandibular fixation (MMF), Eighty-eight percent of the respondents indicated that it was customary to keep wire cutters at the bedsides of hospitalized patients who were in MMF, and 49% discharged patients in MMF with wire cutters. The respondents were aware of 17 inpatients and 5 outpatients in their programs who had required emergency release from MMF during the previous 5 years, Emergent MMF release is a rare event, The availability of wire cutters at the hospital bed or issuance of wire cutters to outpatients in MMF should be based on a case-by-case consideration of the procedure performed, postoperative bleeding, vomiting potential, edema, airway integrity, patient dexterity, and patient compliance. RP Edgin, WA (reprint author), DEPT ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURG,59 MDW DSO,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 162 IS 5 BP 323 EP 324 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WZ087 UT WOS:A1997WZ08700006 PM 9155100 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR AF Jauchem, JR TI Electromagnetic fields and cancer: Incorrect citations SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; MISCONCEPTIONS; MORTALITY; WORKERS RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF,RADIOFREQUENCY RADIAT DIV,OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE,ARMSTRONG LAB,8308 HAWKS RD,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 54 IS 5 BP 359 EP 360 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WX780 UT WOS:A1997WX78000016 PM 9196461 ER PT J AU Manning, CA Kloess, PM Diaz, MD Yee, RW AF Manning, CA Kloess, PM Diaz, MD Yee, RW TI Intraoperative mitomycin in primary pterygium excision - A prospective, randomized trial SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ARVO Annual Meeting CY MAY, 1995 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol ID CONJUNCTIVAL AUTOGRAFT; RECURRENT PTERYGIUM; SURGERY AB Purpose: Conjunctival autograft transplantation and postoperative mitomycin therapy are two adjuvant treatment methods shown to lessen the high pterygium recurrence rate seen with simple excision alone. The authors conducted a prospective, randomized study comparing these two techniques with a relatively new treatment method using intraoperative mitomycin application. Methods: Fifty patients with 56 primary pterygia were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment groups: conjunctival autograft (group 1), postoperative mitomycin 0.2 mg/ml four times a day x 7 days (group 2), and intraoperative mitomycin 0.4 mg/ml x 3 minutes (group 3). The mean follow-up time was 16 months (range, 6 to 28 months). Results: Recurrences developed in 4 (22.2%) of 18 eyes in group 1, 4 (21.1%) of 19 eyes in group 2, and 2 (10.5%) of 19 eyes in group 3. Complications developed in two patients from group 2, scleral thinning managed successfully with a scleral patch graft, and epithelial toxicity that resolved on discontinuation of mitomycin on postoperative day 6. There were no complications in the other two groups, Conclusions: Intraoperative mitomycin is a simple and effective alternative to postoperative mitomycin therapy, showing the lowest recurrence rate in their series with no toxicity during the study period. If the decision is made to use adjunctive mitomycin, the authors recommend intraoperative application over postoperative administration. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,HOUSTON,TX. NR 20 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD MAY PY 1997 VL 104 IS 5 BP 844 EP 848 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WY141 UT WOS:A1997WY14100028 PM 9160032 ER PT J AU Roggeman, MC Bright, VM Welsh, BM Hick, SR Roberts, PC Cowan, WD Comtois, JH AF Roggeman, MC Bright, VM Welsh, BM Hick, SR Roberts, PC Cowan, WD Comtois, JH TI Use ef micro-electro-mechanical deformable mirrors to control aberrations in optical systems: Theoretical and experimental results SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems; deformable mirrors; aberration control AB Micro-electro-mechanical deformable mirrors (MEM-DMs) are solid-state electronic devices with small, movable reflective surface elements that can be used to manipulate the phase of optical wavefronts. MEM-DMs differ from more conventional continuous-facesheet deformable mirrors in that the movable surface of a MEM-DM consists of a set of segmented moving surfaces. The segmented, reflective surfaces of a MEM-DM give rise to larger diffraction effects than those provided by continuous-facesheet deformable mirrors. However, MEM-DMs are still attractive due to their low cost and the low drive voltages. We explore the theoretical limits of performance of MEM-DMs for controlling fixed aberrations in optical systems, and we present laboratory results demonstrating reduction of a fixed aberration using a MEM-DM device. Results presented here show that while a MEM-DM does provide some degree of aberration control, diffraction effects arising from the static support structures of the MEM-DM surface are significant. An alternative design that uses a lenslet array in conjunction with the MEM-DM is shown through theoretical studies to provide superior aberration correction with lower residual effects due to diffraction. (C) 1997 society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 AIR FORCE INST TECHNOL, GRAD SCH ENGN, DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, PHILLIPS LAB, KIRTLAND AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Roggeman, MC (reprint author), AIR FORCE INST TECHNOL, GRAD SCH ENGN, DEPT ENGN PHYS, 2950 P ST, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1326 EP 1338 DI 10.1117/1.601355 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA WY442 UT WOS:A1997WY44200007 ER PT J AU Matson, CL AF Matson, CL TI Reconstructed image signal-to-noise issues in range-resolved reflective tomography SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LASER; RADAR AB Range-resolved reflective tomography has been shown to provide useful two-dimensional image reconstructions from a collection of one-dimensional laser radar returns. In this paper, we explore quantitatively the usefulness of this technique to provide two-dimensional images of space objects illuminated by a ground-based laser radar. We do this by developing image domain signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) both for the intensity projections calculated from the range-resolved data and for image information obtained using linear combinations of the projections. This includes range-resolved reflective tomography as a special case. The two noise sources considered are photon and laser speckle noise. It is shown that the SNR of a projection is bounded from above by one due to laser speckle and goes to zero as the signal level goes to zero, while the reconstructed image typically has SNRs well above one. The SNR expressions are validated using computer simulations. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,ADV IMAGING DIV,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD MAY 1 PY 1997 VL 137 IS 4-6 BP 343 EP 358 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(96)00772-9 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA WV944 UT WOS:A1997WV94400025 ER PT J AU Houston, GD Fowler, CB AF Houston, GD Fowler, CB TI Extraosseous calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor - Report of two cases and review of the literature SO ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Oral-and-Maxillofacial-Pathology CY MAY 13-18, 1994 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Amer Acad Oral & Maxillofacial Path ID CLEAR-CELL-CARCINOMA; SALIVARY-GLAND; VARIANT AB In this study two additional cases of extraosseous calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor are reported, both of which exhibited a prominent clear cell component. The clinical and histopathologic findings of these two cases are compared with those of the nine reported cases from the English language literature. The age range for the 11 cases was 12 to 64 years with a mean age of 34.4 years at the time of diagnosis. Six of the tumors involved female patients and five involved male patients. Seven cases were located on the mandibular gingiva with the remaining four cases involving the maxillary gingiva. On microscopic evaluation, six of the lesions exhibited a predominant clear cell component. Appropriate management of the extraosseous calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor consists of simple excision. No recurrences have been recorded. C1 81ST MED GRP,DEPT ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL PATHOL,KEESLER AFB,MS. RP Houston, GD (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL PATHOL,DSM,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 1079-2104 J9 ORAL SURG ORAL MED O JI Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 83 IS 5 BP 577 EP 583 DI 10.1016/S1079-2104(97)90123-2 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WY881 UT WOS:A1997WY88100011 PM 9159818 ER PT J AU Neuhauser, TS Lancaster, K Haws, R Drehner, D Gulley, ML Lichy, JH Taubenberger, JK AF Neuhauser, TS Lancaster, K Haws, R Drehner, D Gulley, ML Lichy, JH Taubenberger, JK TI Rapidly progressive T cell lymphoma presenting as acute renal failure: Case report and review of the literature SO PEDIATRIC PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lymphoma; renal failure; T cell ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; MALIGNANT-LYMPHOMA; KIDNEY; INVOLVEMENT; CHILDREN; TUMOR AB We describe a case of peripheral T cell lymphoma that is remarkable fro its fulminate course and selective targeting of both kidneys. The patient was a 6-year-old girl who was in her usual state of good health until the onset of abdominal pain and fever. She was treated for acute oliguric renal failure and visual disturbances. A renal biopsy was performed. Biopsy findings were interpreted as suggestive of a vasculitic process, and treatment was initiated for a presumptive diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis. The patient died 3 days following admission, and autopsy revealed extensive bilateral kidney infiltration by a peripheral T cell lymphoma. The remainder of the body was spared with the exception of mild infiltration of the pulmonary parenchyma and choroid plexus by neoplastic lymphocytes. The neoplastic nature of the disease was confirmed utilizing immunoperoxidase stains and T cell receptor gene rearrangement. Primary renal lymphoma and renal failure attributable to involvement by lymphoma are rare findings that should be considered when other more common causes of renal insufficiency have been excluded. The presenting clinical complaints are generally of short duration, nonspecific, and atypical. Most patients exhibit oliguria. Physical examination may reveal hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and flank and/or abdominal mass(es). Laboratory findings frequently include an elevated serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, and a mild proteinuria. Electrolyte abnormalities are variably present. Possible radiographic findings include hypodense or hypoechoic renal lesions and diffuse bilateral renal enlargement. Although the prognosis is dismal, survival may be prolonged utilizing current treatment modalities, and rare patients may be ''cured'' of disease. The clinical presentation, radiological findings, and prognosis of patients with clinically evident renal involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are discussed. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. AUDIE L MURPHY MEM VET ADM MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,MOL DIAGNOST LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. RP Neuhauser, TS (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,13754 MORNINGBLUFF DR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78216, USA. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 1077-1042 J9 PEDIATR PATHOL LAB M JI Pediatr. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 17 IS 3 BP 449 EP 460 DI 10.1080/107710497174741 PG 12 WC Pathology; Pediatrics SC Pathology; Pediatrics GA XC161 UT WOS:A1997XC16100007 PM 9185223 ER PT J AU Simmons, JP Rao, SI Dimiduk, DM AF Simmons, JP Rao, SI Dimiduk, DM TI Atomistics simulations of structures and properties of 1/2 <110> dislocations using three different embedded-atom method potentials fit to gamma-TiAl SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID CENTERED CUBIC METALS; DEFORMATION MECHANISMS; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; CORE STRUCTURES; ALLOYS; ANOMALIES; DEFECTS; MODEL AB Molecular statics simulations were made of dislocations in L1(0) structures, using three different embedded-atom method (EAM) potentials that were fitted to the bulk properties of gamma-TiAl. The three EAM potentials were fitted to produce complex stacking-fault energies of 120, 320 and 580 mJ m(-2) so that the effects of variations in fault energies could be investigated parametrically. Core structures were determined for each of the potentials for the following orientations: screw, 30 degrees mixed, 60 degrees mixed and edge. These cores were all planar except the screw orientations calculated with the 320 and 580 mJ m(-2) potentials. These showed substantial amounts of non-planar spreading. The 60 degrees orientations for these two potentials had a tendency for the screw component of the displacement to spread out of plane and the edge component to spread in the glide plane. The screw orientation of the 320 mJ m(-2) potential was found to have two possible states: planar and non-planar. The friction stresses were determined for all orientations of the 320 mJ m(-2) potential, since this appeared to represent gamma-TiAl most closely. The friction stresses for the other potentials were determined only for the orientations producing the highest friction stress for the 320 mJ m(-2) potential. It was also found that the close-packed directions, screw and 60 degrees, had the highest friction stress and the more sparsely packed directions having a considerably lower value. The friction stress for the 320 mJ m(-2) potential was found to be 250 MPa, in good agreement with published experimental values of critical resolved shear stress for gamma-TiAl. Comparing line orientations with the same atomic directions, the effects of ordering on the friction stress predicted by Greenberg et al (1991, Acta metall. mater., 39, 233) in 1991 were observed. These variations had a considerably smaller effect than did the atomic density along the line orientation. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLLM,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Simmons, JP (reprint author), UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC,4401 DAYTON XENIA RD,DAYTON,OH 45432, USA. NR 58 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1299 EP 1328 PG 30 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA WX942 UT WOS:A1997WX94200008 ER PT J AU Gruber, MR Nejad, AS Chen, TH Dutton, JC AF Gruber, MR Nejad, AS Chen, TH Dutton, JC TI Compressibility effects in supersonic transverse injection flowfields SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID MIXING LAYERS; SHEAR LAYERS; JET; PARTICLES; FLOW AB The flowfields created by transverse injection of sonic gaseous jets through a circular nozzle into a supersonic crossflow have been experimentally investigated using planar Rayleigh/Mie scattering from silicon dioxide particles seeded into the crossflow stream. Helium and air were used as injectant gases allowing an examination of the effects of compressibility on the large-scale structural development and near-field mixing characteristics present within the flowfield. Instantaneous images from end and side view image planes show a highly three-dimensional interaction dominated by both large- and small-scale vortices. Analyses of these image ensembles provide jet spreading and penetration characteristics, standard deviation statistics, large-scale mixing information, and two-dimensional spatial correlation fields. Results indicate that injectant molecular weight variations do not strongly affect the jet's transverse penetration into the crossflow, although they lead to substantially different compressibility levels that dramatically influence the characteristics of the large-scale structures formed in the shear layer and the entrainment and mixing occurring between the injectant and crossflow fluids. The large-scale eddies tend to rapidly break-up in the low compressibility injection case while those in the high compressibility case remain coherent over a longer spatial range. Mixing layer fluctuations present in the low compressibility case intrude deeply into the jet fluid as compared to the high compressibility case, where these fluctuations are confined near the jet edge. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 TAITECH INC,BEAVERCREEK,OH 45440. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Gruber, MR (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,POPT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 34 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 6 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAY PY 1997 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1448 EP 1461 DI 10.1063/1.869257 PG 14 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA WW801 UT WOS:A1997WW80100028 ER PT J AU Niezgoda, JA Cianci, P Folden, BW Ortega, RL Slade, JB Storrow, AB AF Niezgoda, JA Cianci, P Folden, BW Ortega, RL Slade, JB Storrow, AB TI The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on a burn wound model in human volunteers SO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians Research Forum CY FEB 25-26, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians ID SCALD BURN AB A previous nonblinded study has suggested beneficial. effects from hyperbaric oxygen treatment of superficial partial-thickness radiation bums in human volunteers. This protocol was designed to either confirm or challenge these previous findings in a randomized, blinded format. Twelve healthy, nonsmoking volunteers (7 males, 5 females) participated. All were screened for contraindications to hyperbaric oxygen therapy (acute sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, pregnancy, active cancer, pneumothorax) and given a single test hyperbaric exposure. A standardized wound model was employed for the painless creation of a volar forearm lesion on volunteers by applying a suction device to form a blister, excising its epidermal roof, and irradiating the exposed dermis with ultraviolet light. Subjects were randomized into either a hyperbaric oxygen group (100% oxygen at 2.4 ATA, n = 6) or the sea-level air-breathing equivalent control group (8.75% oxygen at 2.4 ATA, n = 6). Both groups then underwent standard hyperbaric therapy. The subjects, the hyperbaric oxygen chamber operators, and the monitoring clinicians were all blinded to the oxygen concentration administered. Each subject received two dives per day over a 3-day period. The wounds were studied noninvasively prior to treatment and once per day over 6 days for size, hyperemia, and exudation, with epithelialization as the endpoint. The averages for each measurement of the hyperbaric oxygen group versus the control group were computed by means of a one-tail t test; p was considered significant at less than 0.05. Daily wound size, hyperemia, and exudation measurements were significantly different on day 2. The hyperbaric oxygen group showed a 42 percent reduction in wound hyperemia, a 35 percent reduction in the size of the lesion, and a 22 percent reduction in wound exudation (p values of 0.05, 0.03, and 0.04, respectively). No significant difference was noted for epithelialization. Observed differences in wound size, hyperemia, and exudation were attributable to hyperbaric oxygen therapy. This study further supports earlier conclusions that hyperbaric oxygen therapy is beneficial in a superficial dermal wound. C1 USAF,DAVID GRANT MED CTR,DEPT HYPERBAR MED,TRAVIS AFB,CA. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,JOINT MIL MED COMMAND EMERGENCY MED RESIDENCY PRO,LACKLAND AFB,TX. BROOKSIDE HOSP,DEPT HYPERBAR MED,FAIRFIELD,CA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0032-1052 J9 PLAST RECONSTR SURG JI Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1620 EP 1625 DI 10.1097/00006534-199705000-00023 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA WW902 UT WOS:A1997WW90200023 PM 9145132 ER PT J AU Fox, FL Bostwick, JM AF Fox, FL Bostwick, JM TI Propofol sedation of refractory delirious mania SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,MEDW PSCCL 59,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 38 IS 3 BP 288 EP 290 PG 3 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA WW177 UT WOS:A1997WW17700009 PM 9136258 ER PT J AU Enloe, CL Agnew, KA Cifuentes, AF AF Enloe, CL Agnew, KA Cifuentes, AF TI Novel bandpass electrostatic analyzer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY ANALYZER; RESOLUTION AB A novel electrostatic analyzer for energetic charged particles has been developed that has a simple metry and has demonstrated a wide field of view (90 degrees X 4 degrees in the prototype device). The bandpass of the device can be adjusted by changing the size of the entrance and exit apertures, and the design intrinsically retains information about the spatial distribution of the incoming particles. Comparisons between numerical simulations of the device and laboratory tests are presented. RP Enloe, CL (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT PHYS,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 68 IS 5 BP 2023 EP 2026 DI 10.1063/1.1148091 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA WZ517 UT WOS:A1997WZ51700016 ER PT J AU Mullins, WM Irwin, RD Malas, JC Venugopal, S AF Mullins, WM Irwin, RD Malas, JC Venugopal, S TI Examination on the use of acoustic emission for monitoring metal forging process: A study using simulation technique SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Mullins, WM (reprint author), OHIO UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,ATHENS,OH 45701, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 9 BP 967 EP 974 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(96)00503-9 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WU485 UT WOS:A1997WU48500002 ER PT J AU Mumford, D AF Mumford, D TI Casualty sustainment SO SIMULATION LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Mumford, D (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMULATION COUNCILS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 USA SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMULATION JI Simulation PD MAY PY 1997 VL 68 IS 5 BP 268 EP 268 DI 10.1177/003754979706800501 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 160EA UT WOS:000078216400001 ER PT J AU Tang, JK Zabinski, JS Bultman, JE AF Tang, JK Zabinski, JS Bultman, JE TI TiC coatings prepared by pulsed laser deposition and magnetron sputtering SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 22-26, 1996 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE TiC coatings; pulsed laser deposition; magnetron sputtering ID CARBIDE THIN-FILMS; TITANIUM CARBIDE; MECHANISMS; NITRIDE AB Tribological properties of TiC coatings grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and magnetron sputtering were investigated. The PLD TiC coatings grown at room temperature were found to be much harder than the TiC coatings grown by magnetron sputtering under the given experimental conditions. The hardness of PLD coatings deposited at room temperature was as high as 44 GPa, in contrast to similar to 20 GPa of the magnetron sputtered ones. The coefficient of friction of the PLD films measured with a pin-on-disk type tribometer had a typical value of about 0.2 when using a 440C stainless steel pin. Scratch tests indicated that magnetron-sputtered TiC coatings adhered well to the stainless steel substrates. The relatively poor adhesion of the PLD coatings obtained from this scratch test was probably partly due to their high brittleness and the relatively weak adhesive bond. However, the adhesion of PLD coatings could be improved by raising the substrate temperature slightly to 300 degrees C or by in situ laser annealing. The former was also able to maintain their hardness at a relatively high level. The adhesion of magnetron-sputtered TiC coatings could be modified by inserting a metallic interlayer between the coating and stainless steel substrate. Mo interlayer had a detrimental effect on the adhesion caused probably by the poor stress bearing capability of the porous Mo film deposited at low temperature. However, the insertion of both Ti and Cr interlayers enhanced the adhesion of TiC by as much as 25%. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLBT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP Tang, JK (reprint author), UNIV NEW ORLEANS,DEPT PHYS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70148, USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 1997 VL 91 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(96)03124-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA XF003 UT WOS:A1997XF00300012 ER PT J AU Berry, RJ Ehlers, CJ Burgess, DR Zachariah, MR Marshall, P AF Berry, RJ Ehlers, CJ Burgess, DR Zachariah, MR Marshall, P TI A computational study of the reactions of atomic hydrogen with fluoromethanes: Kinetics and product channels SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; ACTIVATION-ENERGIES; ABSTRACTION; ENTHALPIES; EXCHANGE; METHANE; CF3BR; CH3; OH AB Transition states for the H-abstraction, F-abstraction and substitution pathways of the reaction of H with fluoromethanes were characterized at the HF and MP2(FU) levels of theory with the 6-31G(d) basis set. The reaction barrier heights for these pathways were obtained from single point energy calculations using the Gaussian-2 and BAC-MP4 methods. These results were employed to calculate rate constants via transition state theory. The computed rate constants are in good accord with available experimental data, and are discussed in the context of the differing flame suppression chemistries of CH3F, CH2F2, CHF3 and CF4. C1 NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV N TEXAS,DEPT CHEM,DENTON,TX 76203. RP Berry, RJ (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,CTR COMPUTAT MODELING NONSTRUCT MAT,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 1997 VL 269 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(97)00248-0 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WV113 UT WOS:A1997WV11300017 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Nagpal, R Haaland, PD AF Jiao, CQ Nagpal, R Haaland, PD TI Ion chemistry in trifluoromethane, CHF3 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CYCLOTRON RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; RARE-GAS ATOMS; ELECTRON-IMPACT; MOLECULE REACTIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CROSS-SECTIONS; DISSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; CF4; ATTACHMENT; FLUOROMETHANES AB Cross sections for dissociative ionization of trifluoromethane by electron impact have been measured using Fourier-transform mass spectrometry. Four fragment ions, CHF2+, CF3+, CF2+, and CF+ are observed, with a total cross section of 3.4 +/- 0.4 x 10(-16) cm(2) at 60 eV. CFx+ (x = 1 - 3) ions react with neutral CHF3 to yield CHF2+ with rate coefficients of 3.9 +/- 0.5 and 2.1 +/- 0.4 x 10(-10) cm(3)s(-1) for x = 2 and 3, respectively. The rate of cationic polymerization is less than 7 x 10(-13) cm(3)s(-1) and the anions F- and CF3- have yields less than 3 x 10(-20) cm(2) between 30 and 60 eV. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 1997 VL 269 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(97)00253-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WV113 UT WOS:A1997WV11300018 ER PT J AU Andrews, TC Cull, DL Pelton, JJ Massey, SO Bostwick, JM AF Andrews, TC Cull, DL Pelton, JJ Massey, SO Bostwick, JM TI Self-mutilation and malingering among Cuban migrants detained at Guantanamo Bay SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MILITARY RP Andrews, TC (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 24 PY 1997 VL 336 IS 17 BP 1251 EP 1253 DI 10.1056/NEJM199704243361712 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WV332 UT WOS:A1997WV33200012 PM 9110917 ER PT J AU Gardner, PJ Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM Bowersox, RD Luke, TE AF Gardner, PJ Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM Bowersox, RD Luke, TE TI Comparison of measured and computed Strehl ratios for light propagated through a channel flow of a He-N-2 mixing layer at high Reynolds numbers SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE aero-optics; free shear layers; Kolmogorov model; turbulence; mixing layer; shearing interferometer; Strehl ratio; structure function; wave-front sensor AB A lateral shearing interferometer was used to measure the slope of perturbed wave fronts after they propagated through a He-N-2 mixing layer in a rectangular channel. Slope measurements were used to reconstruct the phase of the turbulence-corrupted wave front. The random phase fluctuations induced by the mixing layer were captured in a large ensemble of wave-front measurements. Phase structure functions, computed from the reconstructed phase surfaces, were stationary in first increments. A five-thirds power law is shown to fit streamwise and cross-stream slices of the structure function, analogous to the Kolmogorov model for isotropic turbulence, which describes the structure function with a single parameter. Strehl ratios were computed from the phase structure functions and compared with a measured experiment obtained from simultaneous point-spread function measurements. Two additional Strehl ratios were calculated by using classical estimates that assume statistical isotropy throughout the flow. The isotropic models are a reasonable estimate of the optical degradation only within a few centimeters of the initial mixing, where the Reynolds number is low. At higher Reynolds numbers, Strehl ratios calculated from the structure functions match the experiment much better than Strehl ratio calculations that assume isotropic flow. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH ENGN,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH ENGN,DEPT ENGN PHYS,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Gardner, PJ (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH ENGN,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 12 BP 2559 EP 2567 DI 10.1364/AO.36.002559 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA WU839 UT WOS:A1997WU83900023 PM 18253246 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Capano, MA Laube, SJP Donley, MS Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, AA Capano, MA Laube, SJP Donley, MS Zabinski, JS TI Design of a Ti/TiC/DLC functionally gradient coating based on studies of structural transitions in Ti-C thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE hard coatings; friction; mechanical properties ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; AMORPHOUS-CARBON FILMS; MULTILAYER COATINGS; COMPOSITE COATINGS; H COATINGS; RAMAN; WEAR; NANOINDENTATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; PARAMETERS AB Development of optimized hard coatings requires a multilayer, functionally gradient approach, where adhesion, load support and low friction regions must be elements of the design architecture. Each of these functional regions should be joined through appropriate transition regions to reach desired coating performance. The design of coatings with hard and lubricious diamond-like carbon (DLC) surfaces requires a study of transitions between adhesive metal, load supporting carbide, and wear-resistant DLC materials. These transitions were investigated on the Ti-C system prepared by a hybrid of magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition. Crystalline alpha-Ti, TiC and amorphous DLC films were formed at 100 degrees C substrate temperature by varying film chemical composition. Phase transitions between Ti-TiC-DLC were analyzed with XPS, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. A gradual replacement of hcp alpha-Ti with fee TiC, and a two-phase region consisting of crystalline TIC and amorphous carbon (a-C) in transitions from Ti to TiC and from TiC to DLC were found. These transitions were reflected in mechanical properties investigated with nanoindentation. A hardness maximum in the two-phase TiC/a-C region was found. The resulting composition-property maps were used to design a wear-resistant coating with Ti/TiC/DLC transitions and a gradual increase in hardness from a steel substrate to a super-hard (60-70 GPa) self-lubricating DLC layer on the surface. This provided a hard coating with a low friction surface, which also resisted brittle failure in tests with high contact loads. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. RP MLBT, WRIGHT LAB, MAT DIRECTORATE, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 46 TC 204 Z9 229 U1 11 U2 116 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 20 PY 1997 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(96)09145-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA XH324 UT WOS:A1997XH32400017 ER PT J AU Viccellio, H AF Viccellio, H TI ''The past, present and future of AFMC'' SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP Viccellio, H (reprint author), USAF,AIR FORCE MAT COMMAND,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD APR 16 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 16 BP 37 EP & PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WU120 UT WOS:A1997WU12000007 ER PT J AU McIntosh, RA AF McIntosh, RA TI Air Force Reserve expands missions, despite steady decline in resources SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USAF RESERVE,ROBINS AFB,GA. RP McIntosh, RA (reprint author), USAF RESERVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD APR 16 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 16 BP 51 EP 52 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WU120 UT WOS:A1997WU12000009 ER PT J AU Buterbaugh, JS Toscano, JP Weaver, WL Gord, JR Hadad, CM Gustafson, TL Platz, MS AF Buterbaugh, JS Toscano, JP Weaver, WL Gord, JR Hadad, CM Gustafson, TL Platz, MS TI Fluorescence lifetime measurements and spectral analysis of adamantyldiazirine SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONICALLY EXCITED-STATES; PHOTOGENERATED REAGENTS; CARBENE REARRANGEMENTS; SEMIEMPIRICAL METHODS; CONSTRAINED SYSTEMS; FORCE-FIELDS; DIAZIRINE; PHOTOLYSIS; DIFLUORODIAZIRINE; ADAMANTANYLIDENE AB We report the first confirmed fluorescence lifetime measurement for a diazirine. We have obtained time-correlated single-photon counting fluorescence decays for adamantyldiazirine in a variety of solvents, over a wide range of temperatures (77-320 K) and across the diazirine absorption band (330-371 nm). The fluorescence Lifetime of the primary decay component is on the order of 240 ps at ambient temperature and increases at lower temperatures. Arrhenius treatment of the fluorescence lifetime data indicates that the rate-limiting barrier for activated processes in the diazirine excited state is between 2.7 and 2.9 kcal/mol. Adamantyldiazirine's fluorescence lifetime appears to be unaffected by deuteration of the solvent, solvent polarity, or excitation energy, We also report and discuss the steady-state absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of adamantyldiazirine in a variety of solvents, as well as the infrared spectrum (KBr). We interpret the spectra with the help of ab initio (RHF/6-31G* and CIS/6-31G*), density functional (B3LYP/6-31G*), and semiempirical (PM3) calculations. The fluorescence quantum yield of adamantyldiazirine at ambient temperature was calculated to be similar to 0.0012. Analysis of our data in the light of previous research leads us to conclude that little or no intermolecular chemistry is attributable to photoexcited adamantyldiazirine in solution at ambient temperature. Rather, fluorescence competes with one or more intramolecular photochemical processes. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RI Gustafson, Terry/G-3269-2011; OI Hadad, Christopher/0000-0003-1211-4315 NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 16 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 15 BP 3580 EP 3591 DI 10.1021/ja964022q PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WU272 UT WOS:A1997WU27200021 ER PT J AU Germany, GA Parks, GK Brittnacher, M Cumnock, J Lummerzheim, D Spann, JF Chen, L Richards, PG Rich, FJ AF Germany, GA Parks, GK Brittnacher, M Cumnock, J Lummerzheim, D Spann, JF Chen, L Richards, PG Rich, FJ TI Remote determination of auroral energy characteristics during substorm activity SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INCIDENT ELECTRON SPECTRUM; NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE; CROSS-SECTIONS; EMISSIONS; DEPENDENCE AB Ultraviolet auroral images from the Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) onboard the POLAR satellite can be used as quantitative remote diagnostics of the auroral regions, yielding estimates of incident energy characteristics, compositional changes, and other higher order data products. Here incident energy estimates derived from UVI are compared with in situ measurements of the same parameters from an overflight by the DMSP F12 satellite coincident with the UVI image times during substorm activity occurring on May 19, 1996. This event was simultaneously observed by WIND, GEOTAIL, INTERBALL, DMSP and NOAA spacecraft as well as by POLAR. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,SPACE PHYS RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,GPS,GEOPHYS DIRECTORATE,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT COMP SCI,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899. NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,SPACE SCI LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. UNIV WASHINGTON,GEOPHYS PROGRAM,DEPT GEOPHYS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV ALASKA,INST GEOPHYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP Germany, GA (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,CTR SPACE PLASMA & AERON RES,OB 348,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899, USA. RI Chen, Li-Jen/C-2106-2012 NR 12 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 8 BP 995 EP 998 DI 10.1029/97GL00864 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA WU965 UT WOS:A1997WU96500043 ER PT J AU Fischer, DW Ohmer, MC McCrae, JE AF Fischer, DW Ohmer, MC McCrae, JE TI Influences of temperature and transport properties on the birefringence of CdGeAs2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; CARRIER AB We have directly measured the birefringence Delta n of CdGeAs2 using polarized light interference spectra obtained in transmittance from 2.4 to 18 mu m over a temperature range of 14-450 K. Four different samples, exhibiting a wide range of free carrier concentrations, were studied. It was found that free carriers can have a significant effect on the room-temperature birefringence. At 14 K, however, the data from all samples were virtually identical. The temperature dependence of Delta n was obtained from a sample with low carrier concentration (approximate to 10(15)/cm(3)) and high resistivity (9 Ohm cm cm). Its temperature derivative d(Delta n)/dT was determined at 50 K increments over the entire 14-450 K temperature range, and was found to vary from 2.6x10(-5)/K at 100 K to 5.1x10(-5)/K at 400 K. A least-squares fit to the data yielded a temperature coefficient for an of 8.2x10(-8)/K. Hall-effect measurements indicate that the resistivity, mobility, and carrier concentration all exhibit a significant temperature dependence. The resistivity for one sample increased by a factor of 10(8) when cooled from room temperature to 14 K. Our results suggest that previously published Delta n values were probably obtained from samples with relatively high carrier concentrations, and that our results more accurately describe the true intrinsic birefringence of the material. The value of Delta n decreases by 0.0004 per 10(16) carriers a factor of 10 less than suggested by theory but still significantly large. The heavy to light hole effective mass ratio in the uppermost valence band was found to be 7.1. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Fischer, DW (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 8 BP 3579 EP 3585 DI 10.1063/1.364706 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WV363 UT WOS:A1997WV36300035 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, K Aubel, J Sundaram, S Ehret, JE Kaspi, R Evans, KR AF Chattopadhyay, K Aubel, J Sundaram, S Ehret, JE Kaspi, R Evans, KR TI Electroreflectance study of effects of indium segregation in molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown InGaAs/GaAs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE SEGREGATION; QUANTUM-WELLS; MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTIZED LEVELS; GAAS; INTERFACES; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SUPERLATTICES; CHEMISTRY; ALLOYS AB Electrolyte electroreflectance (EER) experiments were performed on In0.22Ga0.78As/GaAs single quantum wells grown by the conventional molecular-beam-epitaxy (MBE) shutter operation, and also by modified MBE shutter operation intended to form more compositionally abrupt normal and inverted interfaces. The latter included controlled thermal desorption of the surface segregated In at the InGaAs layer surface (flash off), and the deposition of In at the InGaAs/GaAs interface to eliminate compositional broadening (predeposition). The fundamental energy gap and subband transitions were determined experimentally, and compared with an accurate calculation of the potential well problem including strain. These results confirmed the segregation of In atoms near the interface. The segregation was maximum in the conventional (normal) MBE sample and least with the modified growth incorporating predeposition and flash off, as expected. The segregated atoms are observed to act as dopants and form junctions near the InGaAs/GaAs interface. This study shows that EER can be used as an effective tool for studying the segregation process in MBE growth. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Chattopadhyay, K (reprint author), UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT PHYS,TAMPA,FL 33620, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 8 BP 3601 EP 3606 DI 10.1063/1.365476 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WV363 UT WOS:A1997WV36300038 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, KC Yeo, YK Ostdiek, PH Hengehold, RL AF Reinhardt, KC Yeo, YK Ostdiek, PH Hengehold, RL TI Junction characteristics of electron-irradiated Ga0.5In0.5P n(+)-p diodes and solar cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED DEFECTS; INP; RECOMBINATION AB The effects of 1 MeV electron irradiation on n(+)-p mesa diodes and solar cells fabricated from metalorganic chemical vapor deposition grown Ga0.5In0.5P on GaAs have been studied. Upon electron irradiation, Ga0.5In0.5P n(+)-p junction dark current increased by more than one order of magnitude, but it could be reduced by about 75% after annealing at 250 degrees C for 10 min. The increase in junction dark current was mainly attributed to reductions in minority carrier lifetimes. it tr as also found that Ga0.5In0.5P solar cell open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, and air-mass zero conversion efficiency were all reduced on the average by 11%, 18%, 8%, and 33%, respectively, following exposure to 10(16) electrons/cm(2), However, a significant improvement in the electron-irradiated Ga0.5In0.5P solar cell efficiency was observed via thermal annealing at 250 degrees C, demonstrating goad potential for a longer solar cell lifetime in space through on-orbit thermal annealing. The degradation in solar cell conversion efficiency following 1 MeV electron irradiation was smaller than that observed in Si and GaAs, but greater than that in InP solar cells. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,VTVP,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Reinhardt, KC (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 8 BP 3700 EP 3706 DI 10.1063/1.365491 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WV363 UT WOS:A1997WV36300054 ER PT J AU Mumford, PD Cahay, M AF Mumford, PD Cahay, M TI Current crowding effects in a CdS/LaS cold cathode SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We analyze the importance of current crowding in a new cold cathode emitter that consists of a thin wide band-gap semiconductor material sandwiched between a metallic contact and a low work function semimetallic thin film. Potential material candidates are suggested to achieve low-voltage (<10 V), room-temperature cold cathode operation with emission currents of several tens of A/cm(2). We calculate the lateral potential drop that occurs across the emission window of cold cathodes with rectangular geometry and describe its effects on the emitted current density profile. The power dissipation in the cold cathode is calculated as a function of a dimensionless parameter characterizing the importance of current crowding. We determine the range of de bias over which cold cathodes of different width must be operated to minimize current crowding effects. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT ELECT ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP Mumford, PD (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 8 BP 3707 EP 3715 DI 10.1063/1.365492 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WV363 UT WOS:A1997WV36300055 ER PT J AU Fingers, RT Kozlowski, G AF Fingers, RT Kozlowski, G TI Microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe-Co alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-15, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Inst Phys AB Fe-Co soft magnetic alloys exhibit high magnetic saturation, high yield strength, and moderate core loss. Use of such materials in cyclic high temperature high stress environments, such as generators and magnetic bearings, gives impetus to determining material properties. In particular, Hiperco(R) Alloy 50HS, provided by Carpenter Technology Corporation, has been a subject of our study. In order to fully understand the overall behavior of the alloy, both mechanical and magnetic properties must be investigated. Magnetic performance is a function of grain size, which varies with the annealing process. Fe-Co samples have been treated by various annealing recipes ranging in temperature from 1300 to 1350 degrees F and magnetic saturation along with hysteresis loop measurements made using a vibrating sample magnetometer. An etching and sample preparation process was developed and microstructural analyses were performed. The correlation between composition, heat treatment, microstructure, and magnetic properties of these samples is discussed. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Fingers, RT (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AERO PROPULS & POWER DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 8 BP 4110 EP 4111 DI 10.1063/1.365095 PN 2A PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WV536 UT WOS:A1997WV53600140 ER PT J AU Ashbee, KHG AF Ashbee, KHG TI Shear creep of titanium aluminide phase mixtures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 MLLN,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 8 BP 601 EP 604 DI 10.1023/A:1018590427195 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA WX594 UT WOS:A1997WX59400001 ER PT J AU Puffer, RL AF Puffer, RL TI Messengers of the lost battalion: The heroic 551st and the turning of the tide at the battle of the bulge - Orfalea,G SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Puffer, RL (reprint author), USAF,HIST PROG,VICTORVILLE,CA, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 122 IS 7 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA WT910 UT WOS:A1997WT91000155 ER PT J AU Ragazzoni, R Restaino, SR AF Ragazzoni, R Restaino, SR TI An all-refractive optics for tilt sensing SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS AB An all-refractive wavefront tip-tilt sensor, made with off-the-shelf components is described, such a device offers a number of advantages over other proposed techniques and would be particularly suitable for use in an adaptive optics system. A first prototype has been built and partially tested, Some details concerning its construction as well as recommendations for optimizing performance are provided. C1 USAF, PHILLIPS LAB, LIM, KIRTLAND AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ragazzoni, R (reprint author), ASTRON OBSERV PADOVA, VICOLO OSSERVATORIO 5, I-35122 PADUA, ITALY. OI Ragazzoni, Roberto/0000-0002-7697-5555 NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 137 IS 1-3 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(97)82007-X PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA WQ297 UT WOS:A1997WQ29700002 ER PT J AU Gourlay, J Love, GD Birch, PM Sharples, RM Purvis, A AF Gourlay, J Love, GD Birch, PM Sharples, RM Purvis, A TI A real-time closed-loop liquid crystal adaptive optics system: First results SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PHASE AB We present the first results from a real-time closed-loop adaptive optics system incorporating a liquid crystal based corrector device and a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. The system is designed to operate at a bandwidth which would be useful in astronomical applications, Here we show results of the system correcting laboratory simulated Kolmogorov-like turbulence. C1 UNIV DURHAM,SCH ENGN,DURHAM DH1 3LE,ENGLAND. USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,LIMS,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP Gourlay, J (reprint author), UNIV DURHAM,DEPT PHYS,SOUTH RD,DURHAM DH1 3LE,ENGLAND. RI Love, Gordon/A-3071-2011; Sharples, Ray/N-7309-2013; Birch, Philip/G-5245-2012 OI Love, Gordon/0000-0001-5137-9434; Sharples, Ray/0000-0003-3449-8583; Birch, Philip/0000-0002-7740-9379 NR 16 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD APR 15 PY 1997 VL 137 IS 1-3 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(96)00756-0 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA WQ297 UT WOS:A1997WQ29700005 ER PT J AU Deng, B Campbell, TJ Burris, DR AF Deng, B Campbell, TJ Burris, DR TI Kinetics of vinyl chloride reduction by metallic iron in zero-headspace systems. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARA INC,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL,DEPT MINERAL & ENVIRONM ENGN,SOCORRO,NM 87801. ARMSTRONG LAB,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 4 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503035 ER PT J AU Burkett, JL Dang, TD Tan, LS Arnold, FE AF Burkett, JL Dang, TD Tan, LS Arnold, FE TI Pseudo-ladder rigid-rod polymers with 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4,phenylene SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. WRIGHT LAB,POLYMER BRANCH,MLBP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 75 EP POLY PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18702812 ER PT J AU Cutler, JN Sanders, JH John, G AF Cutler, JN Sanders, JH John, G TI XANES and Mossbauer study of perfluoropolyalkylether based additives SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WL MLBT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN PHYS,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 83 EP COLL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18502325 ER PT J AU Kumpaty, HJ Panetta, CA Heimer, NE AF Kumpaty, HJ Panetta, CA Heimer, NE TI An efficient procedure for the synthesis of unique monosubstituted bipyridines. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MISSISSIPPI,DEPT CHEM,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CHEM,WHITEWATER,WI 53190. USAF ACAD,DEPT CHEM,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 90 EP ORGN PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18701535 ER PT J AU Petzold, ON Harruna, II Bota, KB Dean, DR AF Petzold, ON Harruna, II Bota, KB Dean, DR TI Synthesis of three-dimensional polyimides based on the fluorene unit for compressive strength studies. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CLARK ATLANTA UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30314. CLARK ATLANTA UNIV,HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS & COMPOSITES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30314. USAF,POLYMER BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 103 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18703419 ER PT J AU Tan, LS Simko, SR Bai, SJ Vaia, RA Spry, RJ AF Tan, LS Simko, SR Bai, SJ Vaia, RA Spry, RJ TI Conducting composites derived from polyaniline and benzobisthiazole rigid rod polymer. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLBP,POLYMER BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 130 EP POLY PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18702867 ER PT J AU AllenKing, RM Burris, DR Specht, JA AF AllenKing, RM Burris, DR Specht, JA TI Effect of iron ''aging'' on reduction kinetics in a batch metallic iron/water system. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. ARMSTRONG LAB,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 170 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503200 ER PT J AU Patnaik, SS Pachter, R AF Patnaik, SS Pachter, R TI Molecular modeling of interfacial interactions in polymer dispersed liquid crystals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WL MLPJ,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 170 EP COMP PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18502802 ER PT J AU ChisholmBrause, CJ Powell, DC Libelo, EL AF ChisholmBrause, CJ Powell, DC Libelo, EL TI Effect of anaerobic microbial degradation of organic contaminants on the iron geochemistry of aquifer sediments. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VIRGINIA INST MARINE SCI,SCH MARINE SCI,GLOUCESTER POINT,VA 23062. USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 179 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503619 ER PT J AU Magnuson, JK Stern, RV Burris, DR AF Magnuson, JK Stern, RV Burris, DR TI Reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethylene to ethene by a two-component dehalogenase system. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,EQL,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 187 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503217 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Zellmer, RJ Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, S Zellmer, RJ Pachter, R TI Oligomers of a new inorganic coordination polymer [NI(C4S6)](x); A quantum mechanical study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WL MLPJ,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 203 EP COMP PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18502835 ER PT J AU Drobat, PA Bleckmann, CA Agriwal, A AF Drobat, PA Bleckmann, CA Agriwal, A TI Determination of the cometabolic biodegradation potential of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether in laboratory microcosms. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,DAYTON,OH 45435. USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN & ENVIRONM MANAGEMENT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 214 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18503244 ER PT J AU Fischer, GL Boyd, RW AF Fischer, GL Boyd, RW TI Third-order nonlinear optical properties of selected composites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,ROME LAB,ERXO,BEDFORD,MA 01731. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 215 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18702473 ER PT J AU Wang, ZQ Day, PN Pachter, R AF Wang, ZQ Day, PN Pachter, R TI Density functional and Hartree-Fock studies of alkynyl porphyrins and brominated tetraphenyl porphyrings SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WL MLPJ,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 236 EP COMP PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18502868 ER PT J AU Hsieh, PY Strawser, LD AF Hsieh, PY Strawser, LD TI Partial purification and some physical properties of nitrate reductase from Bacillus anthracis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF ACAD,DEPT CHEM,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 256 EP CHED PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501402 ER PT J AU Karna, SP AF Karna, SP TI ''Direct'' computations in time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations of nonlinear optical properties. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SPACE MISSION TECHNOL DIV,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 307 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18702563 ER PT J AU Panetta, CA Kumpaty, HJ Leavy, MC Hussey, CL Heimer, NE AF Panetta, CA Kumpaty, HJ Leavy, MC Hussey, CL Heimer, NE TI Unsymmetrical disulfide-functionalized bipyridines and their ruthenium derivatives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MISSISSIPPI,DEPT CHEM,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. USAF ACAD,DEPT CHEM,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 372 EP ORGN PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18701817 ER PT J AU Benwitz, KA Stroup, KM Balaich, GJ AF Benwitz, KA Stroup, KM Balaich, GJ TI Characterization of a cobalt dicarbollide polyamide by light scattering photometry and GPC methods. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF ACAD,CHEM RES CTR,DEPT CHEM,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 404 EP CHED PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501551 ER PT J AU Sullivan, KM Giles, SM Balaich, GJ AF Sullivan, KM Giles, SM Balaich, GJ TI Synthesis of a di-alcohol derivative of cobalt dicarbollide for condensation polymerization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF ACAD,CHEM RES CTR,DEPT CHEM,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 405 EP CHED PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP185 UT WOS:A1997WP18501552 ER PT J AU Fino, SA Balaich, GJ Chamberlin, RM Abney, KD AF Fino, SA Balaich, GJ Chamberlin, RM Abney, KD TI Condensation polymerization of cobalt dicarbollide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF ACAD,CHEM RES CTR,DEPT CHEM,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV CHEM SCI & TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RI Chamberlin, Rebecca/A-1335-2011 OI Chamberlin, Rebecca/0000-0001-6468-7778 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 1997 VL 213 BP 455 EP INOR PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WP187 UT WOS:A1997WP18700619 ER PT J AU Roggemann, MC Tyler, DW AF Roggemann, MC Tyler, DW TI Model-based image reconstruction by means of a constrained least-squares solution SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PARTIALLY REDUNDANT MASKS; PHASE; RESTORATION; OBJECT AB The problem of the optimal use of object model information in image reconstruction is addressed. A closed-form solution for the estimated object spectrum is derived with the Lagrange multiplier technique, which assumes a measured image, knowledge of the optical transfer function, statistical information about the measurement noise, and a model of the object. This reconstruction algorithm is iterative in nature because the optimal Lagrange multiplier is not generally known at the start of the problem. We derive the estimator, describe one technique for determining the optimal Lagrange multiplier, demonstrate a stopping criterion based on the mean-square error between a noise-free image and the photon-limited version of the image, and show representative results for both filled- and sparse-aperture imaging applications. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 WJ SCHAFER CORP,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. RP Roggemann, MC (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN PHYS,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 10 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 11 BP 2360 EP 2369 DI 10.1364/AO.36.002360 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA WT424 UT WOS:A1997WT42400009 PM 18253213 ER PT J AU Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA AF Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA TI Effect of ion hydration in the gas-phase proton-transfer reaction of OH- with HBr SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ANION CLUSTERS X-(H2O)N; X = OH; WATER CLUSTERS; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; MICROSCOPIC SOLVATION; MOLECULE ASSOCIATION; RATE-CONSTANT; CHEMISTRY; F-(H2O)(N); DYNAMICS AB We have examined the role of solvation on intrinsic ion reactivity by measuring rate constants for the reactions of OH-(H2O)(n), 0 less than or equal to n less than or equal to 11, with HBr at 100 K. The reactions all proceed by proton transfer with accompanying solvent transfer. For 0 less than or equal to n less than or equal to 7, the reactions proceed at the collisional rate, while rate constants for the larger cluster reactions decrease slowly with cluster size. The reaction for n = 11 is only one-third efficient. Product ion distributions were measured for the clusters 0 less than or equal to n less than or equal to 7. For clusters containing two or more solvent molecules, the reactions with HBr all yield three product ions of the form Br-(H2O)(m), which differ only in the degree of solvation of the core ion. The average number of solvent molecules lost during the reaction, represented by [n - m], increases with increasing cluster size; the value of [n - m] for n = 7 is 3.4. The significant decrease in reaction efficiency at larger cluster sizes is discussed in terms of reaction energetics and possible structural changes within the primary cluster ion series. C1 USAF,PHILIPS LABS,GEOPHYS DIRECTORATE,IONOSPHER EFFECTS DIV GPID,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 10 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 15 BP 2859 EP 2861 DI 10.1021/jp964066l PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WT888 UT WOS:A1997WT88800020 ER PT J AU Marshall, P Schwartz, M AF Marshall, P Schwartz, M TI Computational study of C-H bond strengths in polyfluoroalkanes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS; INTERNAL-ROTATION; BARRIERS; RADICALS; ABINITIO; ENERGIES; INVERSION AB Ab initio energies obtained at the MP2/6-311 +G(3df,2p)//MP2/6-31G(d) level of theory have been employed in isodesmic reactions to obtain C-H bond dissociation enthalpies at 298 K for a variety of C-1-C-4 hydrofluorocarbons. There is good accord with the experimental data that are available for C-1 and C-2 species. Several relations between structure and BDE have been noted, and trends where -H and/or -CH3 groups are replaced by -F and/or -CF3 were rationalized in terms of the inductive effect, involving sigma and/or pi electron donation and withdrawal. The strongest predicted C-H bonds are (CF3)(3)C-H and (CF3)(2)CH-H, both with BDEs of 450 kJ/mol, which are up to about 45 kJ/mol higher than the hydrocarbon analogs. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,CTR COMPUTAT MODELING NONSTRUCT MAT,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Marshall, P (reprint author), UNIV N TEXAS,DEPT CHEM,DENTON,TX 76203, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 10 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 15 BP 2906 EP 2909 DI 10.1021/jp963992x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WT888 UT WOS:A1997WT88800027 ER PT J AU Hugo, RJ Jumper, EJ Havener, G Stepanek, C AF Hugo, RJ Jumper, EJ Havener, G Stepanek, C TI Time-resolved wave front measurements through a compressible free shear layer SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 26th Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference CY JUN 19-22, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Time series of spatially resolved, aberrated wave fronts distorted by propagation through a compressible shear layer are presented. These wave fronts were measured using the small-aperture beam technique (SABT) applied to the compressible free shear layer facility at Arnold Engineering Development Center. Two viewing stations were investigated at the facility, the first directly downstream of the compressible shear layer's splitter plate and the second at a location 48.3 cm downstream of the first station, The first station was found to have optically active structures of approximately 2.5 cm in spatial extent, convecting at approximately 160 mis, and inducing rms aberrations on the order of 0.06 waves. The second station had optically active structures approximately 5 cm in size, also convecting at approximately 160 m/s, and causing distortions on the order of 0.17 waves, The SABT was shown to be an effective means of measuring high-bandwidth optical wave fronts in a far from ideal laboratory setting. C1 ARNOLD ENGN DEV CTR,CALSPAN CORP ARNOLD ENGN DEV CTR OPERAT,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389. RP Hugo, RJ (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT AEROSP & MECH ENGN,HESSERT CTR AEROSP RES,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556, USA. RI Jumper, Eric/A-9856-2013 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 671 EP 677 DI 10.2514/2.156 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WQ209 UT WOS:A1997WQ20900011 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP AF Rizzetta, DP TI Numerical simulation of the interaction between leading-edge vortex and vertical tail SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 27th Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 17-20, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID 2-EQUATION MODEL; TURBULENCE RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,DIV AERONAUT,COMPUTAT FLUID DYNAM RES BRANCH,AEROMECH DIV,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 756 EP 757 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WQ209 UT WOS:A1997WQ20900028 ER PT J AU Holland, TD OBrien, MJ AF Holland, TD OBrien, MJ TI Parasites, porotic hyperostosis, and the implications of changing perspectives SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article ID IRON-DEFICIENCY; CRIBRA ORBITALIA; ADAPTATION; ETIOLOGY; DISEASE; HYPOFERREMIA; ANEMIA AB Cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis traditionally have been viewed (at least by archaeologists) as indicators of chronic iron deficiency anemia resulting from a dependency upon maize. Recent interpretations, however have sought to explain these conditions as an evolutionary, adaptive response to intestinal parasites rather than as a consequence of poor nutrition. Thus diet is eliminated as a contributing factor. This model, however, adopts too simplistic a view of evolution. Furthermore, it concomitantly severs the well-documented link that exists between cranial lesions and cereal-based subsistence. A more realistic approach would be to incorporate both diet and pathogens (bacterial as well as parasitic) into a symbiotic model that acknowledges the important role of parasites in the etiology of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis, while maintaining the diagnostic value of these conditions as hallmarks of early agriculture. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ANTHROPOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Holland, TD (reprint author), USA,CENT IDENTIFICAT LAB,HICKAM AFB,HI 96853, USA. NR 67 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD APR PY 1997 VL 62 IS 2 BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.2307/282505 PG 11 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA WW265 UT WOS:A1997WW26500003 ER PT J AU Kretzschmar, JL Peters, JE AF Kretzschmar, JL Peters, JE TI Nerve blocks for regional anesthesia of the face SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article AB Many trauma repairs and dermatologic procedures performed on the face require anesthesia of the involved area. The specific requirements for anesthesia and vasoconstriction vary, depending on the location, size and depth of the injury or lesion. Direct infiltration of anesthetic is very uncomfortable, and adequate anesthesia may require multiple injections. In addition, direct infiltration of a volume of anesthetic sufficient to produce adequate anesthesia can cause distortion of the tissue, hindering the identification of margins. Intraoral nerve blocks routinely used by dentists can achieve safe and effective regional anesthesia in the anterior portion of the face. C1 USAF,DC,HOLLOMAN AFB,NM. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD APR PY 1997 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1701 EP 1704 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WU124 UT WOS:A1997WU12400025 PM 9105198 ER PT J AU Abadi, J AF Abadi, J TI The undetected enemy: French and American miscalculations at Dien Bien Phu - Nordell,JR SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP Abadi, J (reprint author), USAF ACAD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD APR PY 1997 VL 102 IS 2 BP 578 EP 579 DI 10.2307/2171036 PG 2 WC History SC History GA WU874 UT WOS:A1997WU87400220 ER PT J AU Schutz, SM Chinea, C Friedrichs, P AF Schutz, SM Chinea, C Friedrichs, P TI Successful endoscopic removal of a severed, impacted dormia basket SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BILE-DUCT STONES; LASER LITHOTRIPSY; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM AB We report the successful removal of a severed and impacted Dormia basket from an elderly patient with choledocholithiasis. One aspect of the case that increased its difficulty is that the basket had become trapped in the bile duct by attaching to an immobile stone that had formed on suture material from a prior biliary operation. Severed baskets that become entrapped in the bile duct are unusual complications of endoscopic bile duct stone removal which used to require surgical intervention. More recent reports suggest that retained baskets can be removed endoscopically in conjunction with some form of lithotripsy. The method used to remove the retained basket in our case involved advancing a Soehendra lithotripter over a looped guidewire after first shrinking the stone with extracorporeal shock wave and laser lithotripsy. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT UROL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. RP Schutz, SM (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,PSMG,DEPT GASTROENTEROL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 92 IS 4 BP 679 EP 681 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA WV786 UT WOS:A1997WV78600026 PM 9128323 ER PT J AU Young, JH AF Young, JH TI Pharmaceutical services in the United States Air Force SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Article DE administration; education, pharmaceutical; health-benefit programs; managed care systems; manpower; military; patient care; personnel, pharmacy; pharmaceutical services; pharmacists; pharmacy, institutional, hospital; United States Air Force AB The status of pharmaceutical services in the United States Air Force medical service is described. Air Force pharmacy is adopting new programs, staffing standards, inventory methods, and roles for pharmacists and technicians. One of the most visible changes is TRICARE, an interservice program that provides improved access to care. Many Air Force medical treatment facilities have been closed; prescription mail-out programs and networks of community pharmacies are filling the gap. The Air Force pharmacy team consists of more than 1300 pharmacists and technicians. Air Force pharmacists are military officers first. Great emphasis is placed on medical readiness training and continuing education. Some Air Force pharmacies are very small outpatient operations filling fewer than 300 prescriptions per day; others fill well over 4000. Many hospitals are being considered for more outpatient-focused operations. Because of anticipated ed minor reductions in pharmacist staffing, Air Force pharmacists will have to maximize efficiencies to maintain or improve current levels of service. More and better patient information will be provided and distributive processes streamlined. A greater role for technicians is anticipated. The future includes pharmacists serving in a wide variety of leadership and staff;positions, improving the use of computers, and incorporating new technologies. Air Force pharmacy is changing to ensure uninterrupted fulfillment of its responsibilities. RP Young, JH (reprint author), MALCOLM GROW MED CTR,BIOMED SCI CORPS PHARM,89 MDSS-SGQ,ANDREWS AFB,MD 20762, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD APR 1 PY 1997 VL 54 IS 7 BP 783 EP 786 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA WR644 UT WOS:A1997WR64400013 PM 9099345 ER PT J AU Sheriff, DD AF Sheriff, DD TI Latency of muscle chemoreflex to vascular occlusion of active muscle during dynamic exercise SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exercise stimulus; exercise pressor reflex; muscle metabore flex; autonomic nervous system; sympathetic nervous system; muscle blood flow; muscle circulation; muscle ischemia; reflex vasoconstriction; arterial blood pressure; conscious dogs ID CARDIOVASCULAR-RESPONSES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; HEART-RATE; HUMANS; CONDUCTANCE; REFLEXES; ONSET; DOGS AB When oxygen delivery to active muscle is too low for the ongoing rate of metabolism, metabolites accumulate and activate a muscle chemoreflex that raises arterial pressure. During static muscular contractions, the latency of the onset of increments in sympathetic activity attributed to the muscle chemoreflex is long (1-2 min). This long latency might be caused by slow accumulation of metabolites attributable to low rates of metabolism. Because shortening contractions at a given force per unit time have a much higher energy cost than do static contractions, the muscle chemoreflex should have a much shorter latency during dynamic exercise than during static contractions, and the latency should shorten further with rising exercise intensity. To test these ideas, the latency to the onset of the rise in arterial pressure induced by the muscle chemoreflex following vascular occlusion of active muscle was measured in four dogs exercising on a treadmill. During steady-state exercise of mild to moderate intensity, presser responses to muscle ischemia were elicited by rapid, complete occlusion of the terminal aorta; this procedure mimics the blockage of muscle blood flow that occurs normally during static contractions. There was a statistically significant effect of exercise intensity on latency (P < 0.001). The latency was 23.5 +/- 4.5, 16.4 +/- 5.6, and 10.1 +/- 2.3 s (means +/- SE) at 3.2 km/h 0% grade, 6.5 km/h 0% grade, and 6.5 km/h 10% grade, respectively. Also, the rate of rise of arterial pressure during chemoreflex activation increased progressively with rising exercise intensity from 0.8 +/- 0.2 mmHg/s during exercise at 3.2 km/h 0% grade to 2.0 +/- 0.5 mmHg/s during exercise at 6.5 km/h 10% grade. Thus the latency of the muscle chemoreflex in response to vascular occlusion during mild dynamic exercise is shorter than has been reported during static contractions of moderate intensity. C1 St Elizabeths Med Ctr, Div Cardiovasc Res, Boston, MA 02135 USA. RP Sheriff, DD (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, CFTF, Ste 25,2504 Gillingham Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 272 IS 4 BP H1981 EP H1985 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA WU852 UT WOS:A1997WU85200051 ER PT J AU Stokes, GN Thompson, WC AF Stokes, GN Thompson, WC TI Intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoietic tumor in hemoglobin C disease SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Stokes, GN (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD APR PY 1997 VL 121 IS 4 BP 355 EP 355 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA WW544 UT WOS:A1997WW54400004 PM 9140301 ER PT J AU Danks, T AF Danks, T TI The launch of STIS and NICMOS SO ASTRONOMY & GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article C1 USAF,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HST EXPT MANAGEMENT OFF,STIS,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP Danks, T (reprint author), USAF,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HST EXPT MANAGEMENT OFF,HUGHES STX,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 1366-8781 J9 ASTRON GEOPHYS JI Astron. Geophys. PD APR-MAY PY 1997 VL 38 IS 2 BP 30 EP 31 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA XA320 UT WOS:A1997XA32000026 ER PT J AU Rutland, CA Wang, ML AF Rutland, CA Wang, ML TI The effects of confinement on the failure orientation in cementitious materials experimental observations SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE multiaxial stress; mortar; failure mechanism; damage; failure plane; confining stress; modelling ID FRACTURE AB The literature is replete with studies of cementitious and geologic materials under multiaxial states of stress. However; there still exists division over the character of the failure mode under multiaxial states of stress. Some experts state that the failure is diffuse. The classical barrel-shaped specimen removed from a test cell intact is cited as evidence. Other researchers state that the failure is characterized by failure planes orientated parallel to the maximum compressive stress for all values of hydrostatic pressure. Tests on geologic materials have shown that the failure is nearly parallel to the maximum compressive stress under uniaxial stress. The orientation increases angle with respect to the maximum compressive stress as the confining pressure increases. Other sources simply state that there is a change in mode from splitting failure to crushing failure as confinement increases. The objective of this research is to better define the character of the failure mechanism as confining pressure increases. In this study triaxial rests on 95 mortar cylinders show that there is a change in the orientation of the failure plane as confining pressure is increased. The failure is characterized by a distinct failure surface or surfaces that change orientation from nearly vertical to angled as confinement increases. Furthermore, rest data indicate that localized deformations occur within 5% of the peak stress. These results imply that the failure is truly characterized through localized deformations and is not diffuse. Knowledge of such behavior is important because if places restrictions on the form of the constitutive model in order to predict these features. The implications of these findings on the constitutive model are discussed in detail in a companion paper. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 21ST CIVIL ENGINEER SQUADRON,PETERSON AFB,CO 80914. UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0958-9465 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD APR PY 1997 VL 19 IS 2 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1016/S0958-9465(97)00005-X PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA YG877 UT WOS:A1997YG87700005 ER PT J AU Haddock, CK Rowan, AB Andrasik, F Wilson, PG Talcott, GW Stein, RJ AF Haddock, CK Rowan, AB Andrasik, F Wilson, PG Talcott, GW Stein, RJ TI Home-based behavioral treatments for chronic benign headache: A meta-analysis of controlled trials SO CEPHALALGIA LA English DT Article DE behavioral treatment; headache; home-based; non-pharmacological ID MINIMAL-THERAPIST-CONTACT; TENSION HEADACHE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; VASCULAR HEADACHE; RELAXATION TREATMENT; MIGRAINE HEADACHES; COGNITIVE THERAPY; EFFICACY; BIOFEEDBACK; ADOLESCENTS AB Controlled clinical trials have consistently demonstrated that behavioral treatments for chronic benign headache produce clinically beneficial outcomes both post-treatment and at follow-up. Given these results there is interest in cost-reduction and redesign of these treatments to improve their accessibility. One promising approach in this regard is home-based headache treatment. These treatments seek to provide the same amount of treatment as clinic-based treatments; however, some of the material typically presented to the patient by a clinician is presented through home-study materials (e.g., manuals, audiotapes). To date, the published literature contains 20 controlled clinical trials which have examined the outcomes produced by home-based treatments. This article presents the first comprehensive meta-analysis of these clinical outcome studies. Results of the quantitative analyses suggest that home-based treatments produce comparable, or with certain outcome measures, superior results to clinic-based treatments. Moreover, cost-effectiveness scores of home-based treatments were found to be more than five times larger than those of clinic-based therapies. Methodological analyses are also presented along with suggestions for future research. C1 UNIV W FLORIDA,CTR BEHAV MED,PENSACOLA,FL 32514. RP Haddock, CK (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,59TH MED WING PSCPB,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS-29855] NR 39 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0333-1024 J9 CEPHALALGIA JI Cephalalgia PD APR PY 1997 VL 17 IS 2 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1997.1702113.x PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WU666 UT WOS:A1997WU66600013 PM 9137849 ER PT J AU Steppe, JM Bauer, KW AF Steppe, JM Bauer, KW TI Feature saliency measures SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE feedforward neural network; feature saliency AB This paper presents a survey of feature saliency measures used in artificial neural networks. Saliency measures can be used for assessing a feature's relative importance. in this paper, we contrast two basic philosophies for measuring feature saliency or importance within a feed-forward neural network. One philosophy is to evaluate each feature with respect to relative changes in either the neural network's output or the neural network's probability of error. We refer to this as a derivative-based philosophy of feature saliency. Using the derivative-based philosophy, we propose a new and more efficient probability of error measure. A second philosophy is to measure the relative size of the weight vector emanating from each feature. We refer to this as a weight-based philosophy of feature saliency. We derive several unifying relationships which exist within the derivative-based feature saliency measures, as well as between the derivative and the weight-based feature saliency measures. We also report experimental results for an target recognition problem using a number of derivative-based and weight-based saliency measures. RP Steppe, JM (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT OPERAT SCI,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD APR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 8 BP 109 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0898-1221(97)00059-X PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA WZ903 UT WOS:A1997WZ90300011 ER PT J AU Kallen, D AF Kallen, D TI Voodoo management SO DATAMATION LA English DT Letter RP Kallen, D (reprint author), USAF,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS-DENVER PUBLISHING CO PI HIGHLANDS RANCH PA 8773 S RIDGELINE BLVD, HIGHLANDS RANCH, CO 80126-2329 SN 0011-6963 J9 DATAMATION JI Datamation PD APR PY 1997 VL 43 IS 4 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA WX236 UT WOS:A1997WX23600004 ER PT J AU Deng, BL Campbell, TJ Burris, DR AF Deng, BL Campbell, TJ Burris, DR TI Hydrocarbon formation in metallic iron/water systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATURATED NEUTRAL ELECTROLYTE; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIGH-PRESSURE; IRON ELECTRODE; CO2; CATALYSTS; HYDROGENATION; METHANATION; CORROSION AB Chlorinated ethenes can he reduced in metallic (zero-valent) iron/water systems to produce a suite of nonchlorinated hydrocarbons. When C-13-labeled trichloroethylene is reduced, C-13-labeled hydrocarbons are produced. In the absence of chlorinated ethenes, however, lower concentrations of many of the same hydrocarbons (methane and C-2-C-6 alkanes and alkenes) are also produced. Hardy and Gillham (1996) proposed that these background hydrocarbons were due to the reduction of aqueous CO2 by metallic iron. In the present study, we examined the production of these hydrocarbons by various batch experiments. Several of the systems examined produced hydrocarbons in excess of the carbon available from aqueous CO2. In addition, carbon from aqueous C-13-labeled CO2 was not incorporated into the hydrocarbons produced. The reduction of aqueous CO2 was not a major source of carbon for the background hydrocarbons. Acid dissolution of gray cast irons containing both carbide and graphite carbon yielded hydrocarbons and a substantial amount of graphite residual. The dissolution of metallic irons containing only carbide carbon yielded total carbon conversion to hydrocarbons. Carbide carbon in the iron appears to be the most likely carbon source for the production of the background hydrocarbons. Mechanisms, analogous to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons, are proposed for hydrocarbon production from carbide carbon. Similar mechanisms may also contribute to the formation of some of the hydrocarbons produced during the reduction of chlorinated ethenes by metallic iron. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,EQ,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. APPL RES ASSOCIATES INC,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. OI Deng, Baolin/0000-0001-6569-1808 NR 37 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1185 EP 1190 DI 10.1021/es960698+ PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WR546 UT WOS:A1997WR54600060 ER PT J AU Campbell, TJ Burris, DR Roberts, AL Wells, JR AF Campbell, TJ Burris, DR Roberts, AL Wells, JR TI Trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene reduction in a metallic iron-water-vapor batch system SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chlorinated solvents; metallic iron; hydrogenolysis; mass balance; reductive elimination AB The reduction of trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was examined in an anaerobic batch vapor-water system containing metallic iron. Concentrations of the parent compounds and products (some of which went on to react further) were determined at discrete time intervals during the reactions by analysis of the headspace vapor. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, methane, chloroacetylene, acetylene, ethylene, ethane, and C3-5 alkenes and alkanes were observed as products from both compounds. Trichloroethylene was also observed from the reduction of PCE. The masses of unreacted polychlorinated ethylenes sorbed on the iron surface were significant based upon previously determined sorption isotherms, and were incorporated in carbon and chloride recovery estimates. Final carbon and chlorine recoveries of 76% and 104%, respectively, were obtained after a 92% loss of the initial TCE. After the loss of 74% of the initial PCE, the final carbon and chlorine recoveries were 90% and 118%, respectively. Reaction pathways, which include both hydrogenolysis and reductive beta-elimination, are proposed to account for the observed products. C1 APPL RES ASSOCIATES INC,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. ARMSTRONG LAB,EQC,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT GEOG & ENVIRONM ENGN,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NR 20 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 10 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 1997 VL 16 IS 4 BP 625 EP 630 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016<0625:TATRIA>2.3.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA WU832 UT WOS:A1997WU83200004 ER PT J AU Bruno, JM Jones, MP Kubik, CM Graettinger, JK Lambert, RS AF Bruno, JM Jones, MP Kubik, CM Graettinger, JK Lambert, RS TI The low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in a military treatment facility population SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 74TH MED GRP, DEPT GASTROENTEROL, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH USA. 74TH MED GRP, DEPT INTERNAL MED, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1997 VL 112 IS 4 SU S BP A79 EP A79 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA WV419 UT WOS:A1997WV41900312 ER PT J AU McClendon, DM Cotton, PB Evangelou, H Lee, JG Leung, JWC Schutz, SM Storms, PR Young, GS AF McClendon, DM Cotton, PB Evangelou, H Lee, JG Leung, JWC Schutz, SM Storms, PR Young, GS TI Endoscopic therapy for acute colonic diverticular bleeding: A multicenter study. SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. MED UNIV S CAROLINA,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,MED CTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD APR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 4 SU S BP 349 EP 349 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA WU214 UT WOS:A1997WU21400349 ER PT J AU Altshuler, EE Linden, DS AF Altshuler, EE Linden, DS TI Wire-antenna designs using genetic algorithms SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE wire antennas; genetic algorithms; monopole antennas; Yagi-Uda antennas AB There is a large class of electromagnetic radiators designated as wire antennas. As a rule, an inductive process is used to design these antennas. Either an integral equation is formulated or a simulator is used that gives the current distributions on the wires of the antenna, from which the electromagnetic properties of the antenna can then be determined. Once the antenna properties are known, the parameters are optimized, using guides such as intuition, experience, simplified equations, or empirical studies. However, using an electromagnetics simulator in conjunction with a genetic algorithm (GA), it is possible to design an antenna using a completely deductive approach: the desired electromagnetic properties of the antenna are specified, and the wire configuration that most closely produces these results is then synthesized by the algorithm. In this paper, we describe four antennas designed using GAs. The first is a monopole, loaded with a modified folded dipole that was designed to radiate uniform power over the hemisphere at a frequency of 1.6 GHz. We keep the same general shape of the loaded monopole, and use the algorithm to optimize its wire lengths. The second antenna consists of seven wires, the locations and lengths of which are determined by the GA alone, that radiates waves with right-hand-circular polarization at elevation angles above 10 degrees, also at 1.6 GHz. The last two antennas are modified Yagis. One is designed for a broad frequency band and very low sidelobes at a center frequency of 235 MHz. The other is designed for high gain at a single frequency of 432 MHz. It will be obvious that these antennas, with their unusual shapes, could not have been designed using an inductive approach. We have built and tested these antennas. The loaded monopole radiated uniform power over nearly the whole hemisphere, and the ''crooked-wire'' genetic antenna had nominal circular polarization at angles 10 degrees above the horizon. Although these antennas were optimized at a single frequency, they both turned out to be broadband. The broadband/low-sidelobe Yagi had side and backlobes that were greater than 25 dB down over most of the band. The high-gain genetic Yagi, having 17 elements and a boom length of 4.88 lambda, had a gain that was 0.4 dB higher than that of a conventional 18-element Yagi that had a boom length of 5.16 lambda. The measurements agreed very well with the computational results. We believe that this new process may revolutionize the design of wire antennas. RP Altshuler, EE (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,ELECTROMAGNET & RELIABIL DIRECTORATE,BEDFORD,MA 01731, USA. NR 17 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1045-9243 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROPAG JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD APR PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1109/74.584498 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA XA671 UT WOS:A1997XA67100011 ER PT J AU Ning, CZ Chow, WW Bossert, DJ Indik, RA Moloney, JV AF Ning, CZ Chow, WW Bossert, DJ Indik, RA Moloney, JV TI Influences of unconfined states on the optical properties of quantum-well structures SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference (HAIFA 1996 ISLC) CY OCT 13-18, 1996 CL HAIFA, ISRAEL SP IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, S Neaman Inst, ECI Telecom, Semiconductor Devices, Technion, Israel Inst Technol, Israeli Minist Sci & Arts ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; THRESHOLD CURRENT; LINEWIDTH ENHANCEMENT; MODULATION RESPONSE; GAIN AB The population of the unconfined states, with energies above the band edge of the barrier layers, can be significant in some regions of the active volume in high power lasers and amplifiers, This paper analyzes the influences of these states on optical properties, such as gain, refractive index, differential gain, and linewidth enhancement factor, for different quantum-well (QW) structures, Our results show that at high excitation levels, the unconfined band contributions to the real part of the optical susceptibility can be significant, especially in structures with weak quantum confinement potentials, This is in agreement with recent measurements of peak gain and carrier-induced refractive index change versus carrier density, for InGaAs-GaAs QW laser structures. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,ARIZONA CTR MATH SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RI Ning, C. Z./D-4699-2009 OI Ning, C. Z./0000-0003-4583-8889 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD APR PY 1997 VL 3 IS 2 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1109/2944.605642 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA XP732 UT WOS:A1997XP73200002 ER PT J AU Peters, RA Nichols, JA AF Peters, RA Nichols, JA TI Rocket plume image sequence enhancement using 3D operators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MATHEMATICAL MORPHOLOGY; FILTERS AB Reported here are the results of tests of five 3D image operators in eleven configurations to determine which is best for the enhancement of image sequences of rocket plumes. The operators enhance images both for visual inspection and for radiometric characterization. The tests used real and synthetic imagery to evaluate the operators under a variety of conditions. The results suggest the best choice of operator depends on the grayscale distribution of the noise in the image sequence. In terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), long duration median filters with moderate spatial support appear to work best overall. The results show that successful enhancement for visual inspection requires the original image data to be remapped prior to filtering. This need not destroy the radiometric information in the imagery. Some attributes of rocket plume image time sequences and the noise in them are described. The remapping procedure is detailed and the operators tested are described. The methodology is explained and the results of the numerous tests on synthetic imagery are presented. The application of the procedures to two real rocket plume image sequences is described. C1 SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,ARNOLD ENGN DEV CTR,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389. RP Peters, RA (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN,NASHVILLE,TN 37235, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 2 BP 485 EP 498 DI 10.1109/7.575888 PN 1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA WT379 UT WOS:A1997WT37900010 ER PT J AU Goldstein, JS Reed, IS AF Goldstein, JS Reed, IS TI Subspace selection for partially adaptive sensor array processing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB This paper introduces a cross-spectral metric for subspace selection and rank reduction in partially adaptive minimum variance array processing. The counter-intuitive result that it is suboptimal to perform rank reduction via the selection of the subspace formed by the principal eigenvectors of the array covariance matrix Is demonstrated. A cross-spectral metric is shown to be the optimal criterion for reduced-rank Wiener filtering. C1 USAF,ROME LAB,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Goldstein, JS (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT ELECT ENGN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089, USA. NR 8 TC 69 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 2 BP 539 EP 544 DI 10.1109/7.575892 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA WT379 UT WOS:A1997WT37900014 ER PT J AU Skinner, JP Collins, PJ AF Skinner, JP Collins, PJ TI A one-sided version of the Poisson sum formula for semi-infinite array Green's functions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE arrays ID SCATTERING; ALGORITHM; SPACE AB The Poisson sum formula provides an efficient method for transforming many slowly converging infinite summations into equivalent, but more rapidly converging infinite summations, Electromagnetic applications for this result come in the analysis of infinite arrays of periodic scatterers, such as frequency selective surfaces, However, in some applications, such as when one desires the radiation of a semi-infinite array of periodically spaced currents, the original form of the Poisson sum formula is inappropriate. For such applications, we derive a one-sided version of the formula and apply it to the radiation from a semi-infinite array of line sources with currents dictated by Floquet's theorem, The one-sided Poisson sum transformation yields enhanced convergence characteristics for certain regions of application as a result of the inverse bandwidth relationship between Fourier transform pairs, The application of it to a semi-infinite line source array also provides a plane wave representation for the fields, which makes for an extension of the solution to geometries with stratified dielectric media. RP Skinner, JP (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,AFIT,ENG,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD APR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 4 BP 601 EP 607 DI 10.1109/8.564085 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA WR768 UT WOS:A1997WR76800004 ER PT J AU Focia, RJ Schamiloglu, E Fleddermann, CB Agee, FJ Gaudet, J AF Focia, RJ Schamiloglu, E Fleddermann, CB Agee, FJ Gaudet, J TI Silicon diodes in avalanche pulse-sharpening applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Silicon diodes operated in an avalanche breakdown mode can be used to reduce, or sharpen, the rise times of driving pulses, Proper operation of a diode in this manner requires the application of a driving pulse with sufficient time rate of change of voltage dV/dt. The rapidly changing reverse bias produces an electron-hole plasma of sufficient density that the electric field strength in the n region of a p(+)-n-n(+) structure is significantly reduced and the plasma is essentially trapped, In effect, the plasma generation causes the device to transition from a high-impedance state to a low-impedance state in a short period of time, and thus acts as a fast closing switch, This paper provides an overview of this mode of operation, A simplified theory of operation is presented, A comparison is made among the results of numerical modeling, the theory of operation of the silicon avalanche shaper (SAS) diode, and the theory of operation of the trapped-plasma avalanche-triggered transit (TRAPATT) mode of operation of a diode. Based on the results of numerical modeling, conclusions are drawn on what factors most greatly affect the performance of avalanche shaper diodes, and one optimized design is provided. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,MAT COMMAND,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 25 IS 2 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.1109/27.602484 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XK560 UT WOS:A1997XK56000006 ER PT J AU Goyer, JR Kortbawi, D Childers, FK Sincerny, PS Weber, BV Ottinger, PF Commisso, RJ Thompson, JR Babineau, MA AF Goyer, JR Kortbawi, D Childers, FK Sincerny, PS Weber, BV Ottinger, PF Commisso, RJ Thompson, JR Babineau, MA TI Plasma opening switch research for DECADE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OPERATION; VOLTAGE; GENERATOR; STORAGE AB Plasma opening switch (POS) research for the DECADE radiation effects test facility is reviewed, This research was first performed on a half-scale generator, DECADE Prototype Module 1, and indicated the importance of the POS electrode geometry to obtain the required impedance at appropriate conduction times. It also was demonstrated that the conduction time jitter was suitable for a multimodule system, Preliminary experiments at full energy were then conducted on DECADE Module 1 that indicated significant current loss when using a bremsstrahlung load, limiting the output radiation to about half of the DECADE requirement, These results initiated an effort to thoroughly diagnose the power-flow region downstream of the switch, an effort that ultimately provided improved understanding of POS operation and improved coupling to bremsstrahlung loads, At the conclusion of this effort, it had been demonstrated that it is possible for the POS-driven system to meet the DECADE requirements. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. MAXWELL LABS INC,SAN DIEGO,CA 92123. SVERDRUP CORP,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389. RP Goyer, JR (reprint author), PHYS INT CO,2700 MERCED ST,SAN LEANDRO,CA 94577, USA. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 25 IS 2 BP 176 EP 188 DI 10.1109/27.602489 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XK560 UT WOS:A1997XK56000011 ER PT J AU Giri, DV Lackner, H Smith, ID Morton, DW Baum, CE Marek, JR Prather, WD Scholfield, DW AF Giri, DV Lackner, H Smith, ID Morton, DW Baum, CE Marek, JR Prather, WD Scholfield, DW TI Design, fabrication, and testing of a paraboloidal reflector antenna and pulser system for impulse-like waveforms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we describe an antenna and pulser system designed to radiate an impulse-like waveform, Specifically, we have analyzed, designed, fabricated, and tested a reflector antenna fed by a pair of conical transmission lines, The voltage waveform that feeds the antenna is a fast-rising (10-90% rise of similar to 100 ps), slowly decaying (e-fold decay of 20 ns) pulse with a differential amplitude of +/-60 kV, The calculated and measured bore-sight-radiated field, at a distance of 304 m, is impulse-like with a peak amplitude of 4.2 kV/m. C1 PULSE SCI INC,SAN LEANDRO,CA 94577. USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Giri, DV (reprint author), PROTECH,LAFAYETTE,CA 94549, USA. NR 9 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 25 IS 2 BP 318 EP 326 DI 10.1109/27.602506 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XK560 UT WOS:A1997XK56000028 ER PT J AU Schoenberg, JSH Burger, JW Tyo, JS Abdalla, MD Skipper, MC Buchwald, WR AF Schoenberg, JSH Burger, JW Tyo, JS Abdalla, MD Skipper, MC Buchwald, WR TI Ultra-wideband source using gallium arsenide photoconductive semiconductor switches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB An ultrawide-band (UWB) pulse generator based on high gain (lock-on mode) gallium arsenide (GaAs) photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS's) is presented, Revised PCSS contact design shows improved performance in hold-off field, on-state switch potential, and switching jitter, while reducing the switch volume by 75% compared to previous designs. A compact laser diode module operates at 904 nm and triggers the PCSS at pulse repetition rates (PRR) of up to 2 kHz. The 625 W laser diode output power is found to be sufficient to produce switching jitter of 65 ps rms at a switched field of 80 kV/cm, The PCSS switching jitter is found to have a strong dependence upon the switched field when triggered with the laser diode module, The revised PCSS geometry is easily integrated into a compact, parallel-plate source used to drive a TEM horn impulse-radiating antenna (IRA), The radiated field has a rise time of 330 ps and an adjustable low-frequency spectrum. C1 MAXWELL TECHNOL,FED DIV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87119. USA,RES LAB,ED,EP,AMSRL,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703. RP Schoenberg, JSH (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,ADV WEAP & SURVIVABIL DIRECTORATE,WSQW,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 13 TC 51 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 25 IS 2 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1109/27.602507 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XK560 UT WOS:A1997XK56000029 ER PT J AU Lemke, RW Calico, SE Clark, MC AF Lemke, RW Calico, SE Clark, MC TI Investigation of a load-limited, magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB The magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) is a crossed-field microwave tube that is closely related to the linear magnetron. We discuss research involving a MILO whose de operating characteristics (voltage and impedance) are determined by a current-carrying load. The load also forms part of a unique power extraction scheme. We show that maximum power is obtained from the load-limited MILO when an RF choke is used for the upstream boundary. This efficiency-enhanced version of the load-limited MILO yields gigawatt-level output power in both experiments and numerical simulations, results of which are also presented. In addition, we use the parapotential theory of magnetically insulated transmission lines in conjunction with observed simulation results to obtain estimates of maximum spoke current, spoke drift velocity, and maximum efficiency. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Lemke, RW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 19 TC 94 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 25 IS 2 BP 364 EP 374 DI 10.1109/27.602513 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XK560 UT WOS:A1997XK56000035 ER PT J AU Anderson, PD Ingram, MA AF Anderson, PD Ingram, MA TI The performance of the least mean squares algorithm combined with spatial smoothing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL CANCELLATION; ARRAYS AB Many practical signal environments involve correlation between desired and undesired signals, causing narrowband adaptive array beamformers to exhibit signal cancellation. Spatial smoothing is a technique that can perform beamforming in such environments. This method can be incorporated into an adaptive algorithm, such as least mean squares (LMS), possibly altering the well-known performance characteristics of the algorithm. In this work, we discuss methods for combining spatial smoothing with the LMS algorithm in an array with a generalized sidelobe canceler (GSC) structure. The first of these methods is an electronic version of mechanically dithering the array. We show that this well-known method obeys a set of nonhomogeneous dynamical equations, resulting in a limit cycle that increases the misadjustment of the algorithm. The previously reported parallel spatial processing algorithm is also shown to have this increased misadjustment. We then introduce two methods that do not suffer from this misadjustment increase. We compare the methods' computational complexity and performance, in terms of stability and steady-state behavior, including weight misadjustment, GSC output power, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In conclusion, we find that the limit cycle of the first method can be avoided without any increase in complexity by using one of the new methods. C1 USAF,ROME LAB,OCSA,ROME,NY 13441. RP Anderson, PD (reprint author), GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH ELECT & COMP ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD APR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1005 EP 1012 DI 10.1109/78.564188 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA WR405 UT WOS:A1997WR40500018 ER PT J AU Kimmel, EC Yerkes, KL Carpenter, RL AF Kimmel, EC Yerkes, KL Carpenter, RL TI Performance, fluid mechanics, and design of a small-animal, whole-body inhalation exposure chamber SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BAFFLED RECTANGULAR CHAMBERS; INTERNAL HEAT-SOURCES; MIXED CONVECTION AB A 0.7-m(3) inhalation exposure chamber was designed for continuous whole-body exposure of up to 64 small laboratory rodents to a variety of airborne toxicants using either single- or multiple-tier configuration. Though similar in design to conventional exposure chambers currently in use, several design modifications were incorporated to improve chamber performance with regard to both animal maintenance and toxicant distribution within the chamber. Several approaches were taken to assess chamber performance characteristics. Repeated, random-order serial sampling of 27 discrete loci within the exposure volume was used to determine both spatial and temporal distribution of polydisperse NaCl aerosols (1.3 mu m MMAD, 1.65 sigma(g)). The collective spatial and temporal deviation of aerosol concentration within the exposure volume as a whole ranged from 3.5 to 5.2% as a function of single versus multiple-tier configuration. Application of a mathematical model of mixing characteristics in dynamic-flow reaction vessels demonstrated that the effective mixing volume in the chamber varied from 50 to 65% of total chamber volume, depending upon configuration. Computational fluid mechanics methods used to model flow structure within the exposure volume demonstrated that buoyant forces dominated flow structure development. Flow structure was shown to be sensitive to small changes in temperature. There was a marked agreement between assessment of chamber performance by flow structure analysis and assessment of performance by more conventional methods. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB AEROPROPULS & POWER DIRECTORATE,WL POOS,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 287 EP 315 PG 29 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA WW378 UT WOS:A1997WW37800006 ER PT J AU Elvidge, CD Baugh, KE Kihn, EA Kroehl, HW Davis, ER Davis, CW AF Elvidge, CD Baugh, KE Kihn, EA Kroehl, HW Davis, ER Davis, CW TI Relation between satellite observed visible-near infrared emissions, population, economic activity and electric power consumption SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The area lit by anthropogenic visible-near infrared emissions (i.e., lights) has been estimated for 21 countries using night-time data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS). The area lit is highly correlated to gross domestic product and electric power consumption. Significant outliers exist in the relation between area lit and population. The results indicate that the local level of economic development must be factored into the apportionment of population across the land surface based on DMSP-OLS observed lights. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. NOAA,NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,SOLAR TERR PHYS DIV,BOULDER,CO 80303. NOAA,NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,USAF,DEPT DEF LIAISON,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP Elvidge, CD (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DESERT RES INST,RENO,NV 89506, USA. RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 NR 12 TC 204 Z9 246 U1 5 U2 61 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 1997 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1373 EP 1379 DI 10.1080/014311697218485 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA WR306 UT WOS:A1997WR30600014 ER PT J AU Bertin, JJ Johnson, SW AF Bertin, JJ Johnson, SW TI Access to space - Systems and technologies to support it SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Many of the launch systems that are used by the United States to send payloads to orbit trace their heritage to military systems of the 1950s and 1960s. Even with launch systems built on more recent technology, the cost of placing a payload in orbit is thousands of dollars per pound. To develop new customers with heretofore only dreamed-of missions-tourism in space, power from the moon, etc.-the cast of placing a payload in orbit must be reduced by an order of magnitude or more. Since the propulsion system is the cornerstone of a space transportation system, it has a major impact on the acquisition and operations costs. Improvements in materials and in manufacturing technology are needed to develop lightweight, high-strength materials for efficient and economic structures, thermal protection systems, tanks, etc. Operational considerations, such as fewer vehicle elements to check out and to integrate, have a significant impact on lowering launch costs and should be given strong consideration in the choice of materials and propulsion systems. Achievement of a substantially more maintainable and capable launch system is feasible. Benefits will be well worth the cost and risk. C1 JOHNSON & ASSOCIATES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87123. RP Bertin, JJ (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT AERONAUT,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD APR PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(1997)10:2(53) PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA WX831 UT WOS:A1997WX83100002 ER PT J AU Coovert, MD Craiger, JP Teachout, MS AF Coovert, MD Craiger, JP Teachout, MS TI Effectiveness of the direct product versus confirmatory factor model for reflecting the structure of multimethod-multirater job performance data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COVARIANCE STRUCTURE MODELS; CONSTRUCT-VALIDITY; MATRICES AB Most job-related decisions are based on information concerning the nature or structure of work. For example, the extent to which certain aspects of the job are separable and critical for successful performance often serve as inputs to an organization's performance management and compensation systems. Because the information needs to be as veridical as possible, it is common to have this information provided on multiple perspectives of the job and from multiple sources. This multimethod-multirater structuring of job data is typically analysed to determine such things as convergent and discriminant validity. It is imperative that the user select the correct model for these analyses, as each approach makes very different assumptions about the composition of the data. The authors describe the 2 most common approaches-the additive and direct product models. Data from 7 different jobs are analysed. The researchers argue the direct product model provides a better representation of the data. C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,INST HUMAN PERFORMANCE DECIS MAKING & CYBERNET,TAMPA,FL 33620. UNIV NEBRASKA,CTR MANAGEMENT INFORMAT TECHNOL,OMAHA,NE 68182. USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX. RP Coovert, MD (reprint author), UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT PSYCHOL BEH 339,4202 E FOWLER AVE,TAMPA,FL 33620, USA. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 19 U2 22 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0021-9010 J9 J APPL PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Psychol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 82 IS 2 BP 271 EP 280 PG 10 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA WU201 UT WOS:A1997WU20100007 PM 9109285 ER PT J AU Macler, M Bae, YK AF Macler, M Bae, YK TI Successive capture and coagulation of atoms and molecules to small clusters in large liquid helium clusters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter RP Macler, M (reprint author), USAF,HUGHES STX,PHILIPS LABS,OLAC PL,RKS,10 E SATURN BLVD,EDWARDS AFB,CA 93524, USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 1997 VL 106 IS 13 BP 5785 EP 5786 DI 10.1063/1.473997 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WP839 UT WOS:A1997WP83900047 ER PT J AU Mall, S Boyum, EA AF Mall, S Boyum, EA TI Fatigue behavior of a cross-ply titanium matrix composite with tensile and zero mean load at elevated temperature SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE titanium matrix composites; fatigue; tension-tension; tension-compression; damage mechanisms ID PLASTICITY; MECHANISMS; DAMAGE AB The fatigue response of a cross-ply [0/90](2S) titanium (Ti-15-3) matrix composite reinforced with silicon carbide fibers (SCS-6) was investigated at 427 degrees C. Tension-tension (tensile mean stress) and tension-compression (zero mean stress) loadings were applied. For the same stress range, tension-tension loading caused much lower fatigue lives and greater strain ratchetting than those under tension-compression loading. Despite the longer fatigue lives under tension-compression loading, additional plasticity sites and fatigue damage mechanisms were observed. Fatigue damage mechanisms could be classified into two distinct regimes, independent of mean load, fiber-dominated (fibers fracture prior to matrix cracking) at high-stresses and low-cyclic lives, and matrix dominated (matrix fatigue cracks prior to fiber fracture) at longer lives. Comparisons of the 427 degrees C results are made with previously reported results at room temperature. Deformation mechanisms and fatigue lives were influenced by the testing temperature. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,AFIT ENY BLDG 640,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0884-6804 J9 J COMPOS TECH RES JI J. Compos. Technol. Res. PD APR PY 1997 VL 19 IS 2 BP 55 EP 64 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA XB294 UT WOS:A1997XB29400001 ER PT J AU Bliss, D Demczyk, B Anselmo, A Bailey, J AF Bliss, D Demczyk, B Anselmo, A Bailey, J TI Silicon-germanium bulk alloy growth by liquid encapsulated zone melting SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th American Conference on Crystal Growth/9th International Conference on Vapor Growth and Epitaxy CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL VAIL, CO DE silicon-germanium; zone melting; alloy growth ID CRYSTALS AB Alloy crystals of silicon-germanium have been grown by the liquid-encapsulated zone-melting (LEZM) method. This method combines zone melting in a quartz container with liquid encapsulation by the molten salt CaCl2 to prevent nucleation al the container-melt interface. The thermal gradient from seed through the molten zone to the feed material was investigated to determine the alloy composition and molten zone length. Electron beam and X-ray analysis were used to characterize the crystal structure and composition of bulk crystals. Crystals of constant alloy composition at 4.5 at% are grown by this technique and reveal single-crystal structure and a high degree of compositional uniformity. C1 PARKE MATH LAB,LOWELL,MA 01854. RP Bliss, D (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,80 SCOTT DR,BEDFORD,MA 01731, USA. NR 5 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR PY 1997 VL 174 IS 1-4 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(96)01103-7 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA XJ186 UT WOS:A1997XJ18600028 ER PT J AU Chung, H Si, W Dudley, M Anselmo, A Bliss, DF Maniatty, A Zhang, H Prasad, V AF Chung, H Si, W Dudley, M Anselmo, A Bliss, DF Maniatty, A Zhang, H Prasad, V TI Characterization of structural defects in MLEK grown InP single crystals using synchrotron white beam X-ray topography SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th American Conference on Crystal Growth/9th International Conference on Vapor Growth and Epitaxy CY AUG 04-09, 1996 CL VAIL, CO DE X-ray topography; InP; dislocations and slip bands; twins; thermal stresses ID INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE AB Structural defects in MLEK grown InP single crystals have been studied using synchrotron white beam X-ray topography. Results here are presented for both a S-doped boule which was wafered longitudinally (i.e., parallel to the growth axis) and an Fe-doped boule which was wafered laterally (i.e., perpendicular to the growth axis). For longitudinal wafers from the S-doped boule, slip bands were observed to have nucleated from high-stress concentration located at the peripheral regions of the boule and to have propagated into the interior of the samples. In the same crystals, the growth interface morphology at different stages of crystal growth was determined. The interface is revealed as contours of equal lattice parameter, visible via strain contrast, as the concentration of the dopant changed periodically during growth. The interface shape was observed to be slightly convex to the melt, once the growth conditions were stabilized. For the laterally sliced wafers from the Fe-doped boule, systematic studies revealed that the density of dislocations changed during growth. A high density of uniformly distributed dislocations were observed in wafers taken from the early and later stages of growth. On the other hand, dislocations in well-defined four-fold symmetric distributions were observed in wafers sliced from the intermediate growth stages. The origins of this four-fold distribution were investigated using a thermal stress model which consisted of imposing a compressive radial stress, uniformly distributed around the boule circumference. The calculated stress distributions also showed four-fold symmetry in agreement with the observed dislocation distributions. C1 USAF,ROME LAB,BEDFORD,MA 01731. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT MECH ENGN AERONAUT ENGN & MECH,TROY,NY 12180. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT MECH ENGN,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP Chung, H (reprint author), SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,STONY BROOK,NY 11794, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR PY 1997 VL 174 IS 1-4 BP 230 EP 237 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(96)01110-4 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA XJ186 UT WOS:A1997XJ18600035 ER PT J AU Clark, JY Kearse, WS AF Clark, JY Kearse, WS TI Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for kidney stone on surgical clip SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONDUIT AB We report the successful use of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for the destruction of a renal stone that had formed around a surgical clip. The SWL led to passage of both the stone and the clip. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT UROL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. RP Clark, JY (reprint author), WOMACK ARMY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,UROL SERV,FT BRAGG,NC 28307, USA. OI Clark, Joseph/0000-0002-3817-4343 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 119 EP 120 DI 10.1089/end.1997.11.119 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA WT425 UT WOS:A1997WT42500004 PM 9107584 ER PT J AU Mokulis, JA Peretsman, SJ AF Mokulis, JA Peretsman, SJ TI Retrograde percutaneous nephrolithotomy using the Lawson technique for management of complex nephrolithiasis SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEPHROSTOLITHOTOMY; NEPHROSTOMY; CALCULI AB Percutaneous nephrolithotomy remains an important technique for managing complicated nephrolithiasis. Retrograde percutaneous nephrostomy creation has been promoted as an alternative to the standard antegrade technique, We reviewed our first 41 consecutive attempts utilizing the Lawson technique for managing patients with complicated nephrolithiasis. Percutaneous access was achieved in 40 attempts (98%), Thirty-six (90%) of the retrograde nephrostomy tracts were adequate for lithotripsy or stone extraction during the same anesthetic, Twenty-three (56%) of the kidneys treated with the Lawson procedure were rendered stone free, Nine patients had minimal residual stone burden (fewer than five fragments, 4 mm or smaller) by the time of discharge, A single Lawson procedure rendered 10 kidneys (24%) stone free, An additional 20 clinic procedures and 17 anesthetic procedures were performed on the 40 kidneys, Complications were minimal, with three patients (8%) requiring transfusion. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT UROL,LACKLAND AFB,TX. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1089/end.1997.11.125 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA WT425 UT WOS:A1997WT42500006 PM 9107586 ER PT J AU Raffoul, CN Nejad, AS Gould, RD Spring, SA AF Raffoul, CN Nejad, AS Gould, RD Spring, SA TI An experimental and numerical study of the isothermal flowfield behind a bluff body flameholder SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 05-08, 1995 CL HOUSTON, TX AB An experiment and numerical investigation was conducted to study the turbulent velocities and stresses behind a two-dimensional bluff body. Simultaneous three-component laser-Doppler velocimeter (LDV) measurements were made in the isothermal incompressible turbulent flowfield downstream of a bluff body placed at mid-stream in a rectangular test section. Mean velocities and Reynolds stresses were measured at various axial positions. Spanwise velocity measurements indicated that the flow is three dimensional in the recirculation zone of the bluff body. Confidence in the accuracy of the data was gained by calculating the mass fluxes at each axial station. These were found to agree with each other to within +/-3 percent. A parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study was initiated to gage the predictive accuracy of currently available CFD techniques. Three solutions were computed: a two-dimensional steady-state solution using the standard k-epsilon model, a two-dimensional time-accurate solution using the standard k-epsilon model, and a two-dimensional time-accurate solution using a Renormalized-Group (RNG) k-epsilon turbulence model. The steady-state solution matched poorly with the data, severely underpredicting the Reynolds stresses in the recirculation zone. The time-accurate solutions captured the unsteady vortex shedding from the base of the bluff body, providing a source for the higher Reynolds stresses. The RNG k-epsilon solution provided the best match to the data. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH & AEROSP ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695. CFD RES CORP,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35085. RP Raffoul, CN (reprint author), AERO PROP & POWER DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 1997 VL 119 IS 2 BP 328 EP 339 DI 10.1115/1.2815579 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA WW751 UT WOS:A1997WW75100010 ER PT J AU Gummadi, LNB Palazotto, AN AF Gummadi, LNB Palazotto, AN TI Nonlinear analysis of beams and arches undergoing large rotations SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE BEAMS; DISPLACEMENT AB A new nonlinear finite element formulation based on total Lagrangian approach is developed by minimizing the total potential using polynomial approximations for displacements, A first-order shear deformation theory is used to model the through-thickness shear distribution. The kinematics used to describe the large displacement and rotation consists of sine and cosine functions. Nonlinear Green strain measures and second Piola-Kirchhoff stress measures are used in the determination of total potential. The approach used in the formulation decomposes the Green strain components into convenient forms for inclusion in the total energy function that is then extended to a nonlinear finite element solution method. The developed beam/arch element contains 11 degrees of freedom. Numerical examples of beam and arch geometries are statically analyzed to observe the characteristics of large displacements and large rotations. Riks and displacement control techniques are used. Results are compared with some of the earlier attempts in using the total Lagrangian formulation to evaluate large rotation problems. RP Gummadi, LNB (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD APR PY 1997 VL 123 IS 4 BP 394 EP 398 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1997)123:4(394) PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA WQ192 UT WOS:A1997WQ19200013 ER PT J AU Feldman, RM ElHarazi, SM LoRusso, FJ McCash, C Lloyd, WC Warner, PA AF Feldman, RM ElHarazi, SM LoRusso, FJ McCash, C Lloyd, WC Warner, PA TI Histopathologic findings following contact transscleral semiconductor diode laser cyclophotocoagulation in a human eye SO JOURNAL OF GLAUCOMA LA English DT Article C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. RP Feldman, RM (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL & VISUAL SCI,HERMANN EYE CTR,6411 FANNIN,7TH FLOOR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 2 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1057-0829 J9 J GLAUCOMA JI J. Glaucoma PD APR PY 1997 VL 6 IS 2 BP 139 EP 140 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WR368 UT WOS:A1997WR36800011 PM 9098823 ER PT J AU Evans, JS Nims, T Cooley, J Bradley, W Jagodzinski, L Zhou, S Melcher, GP Burke, DS Vahey, M AF Evans, JS Nims, T Cooley, J Bradley, W Jagodzinski, L Zhou, S Melcher, GP Burke, DS Vahey, M TI Serum levels of virus burden in early-stage human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease in women SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; ZIDOVUDINE THERAPY; VIRAL REPLICATION; PLASMA VIREMIA; MESSENGER-RNA; PROGRESSION; AIDS; SURVIVAL; QUANTIFICATION; GENDER AB The fundamental clinical, viral, and immunologic features of early-stage human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease were examined in a seroprevalent cohort of 28 men and 14 women assessed longitudinally at three equally dispersed time points over a mean of 43 months. There were no gender differences in the relative risk of developing AIDS-defining end points or death, The median serum RNA levels assessed at the three study time points were 3.3-, 4.9-, and 1.5-fold lower, respectively, in women than in men. This suggests that while serum virus load may be as powerful a correlate of disease status in women as it is in men, the absolute values of the virus levels may be different in the 2 populations, These observations may have implications for the interpretation of levels of virus burden in women for the assessment of disease progression, transmission, and treatment. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV RETROVIROL,ROCKVILLE,MD. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,HENRY M JACKSON FDN ADVANCEMENT MIL MED,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP Evans, JS (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT INFECT DIS,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 NR 42 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1997 VL 175 IS 4 BP 795 EP 800 DI 10.1086/513973 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA WQ022 UT WOS:A1997WQ02200008 PM 9086132 ER PT J AU Fleckman, P Bale, S Miller, M Johnston, K DiGiovanna, J AF Fleckman, P Bale, S Miller, M Johnston, K DiGiovanna, J TI Relationship between absent granular layer and ichthyosis vulgaris. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED DERMATOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NIH,NIAMS,IRP,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USAF,BAMC,DEPT DERMATOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 108 IS 4 BP 644 EP 644 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA WP040 UT WOS:A1997WP04000668 ER PT J AU Frazier, WG Medina, EA Malas, JC Irwin, RD AF Frazier, WG Medina, EA Malas, JC Irwin, RD TI Modeling and simulation of metal forming equipment SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE control systems; forging; hydraulics; metal forming AB The demand for components made from hard-to-form materials is growing, as is the need to better understand and improve the control of metal forming equipment, Techniques are presented for developing accurate models and computer simulations of metal forming equipment for the purpose of improving metal forming process design, Emphasis is placed on modeling the dynamic behavior of hydraulic vertical forge presses, although similar principles apply to other types of metal forming equipment, These principles are applied to modeling and simulation of a 1000 ton forge press in service at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, along with experimental verification. C1 OHIO UNIV,ATHENS,OH 45701. RP Frazier, WG (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45370, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD APR PY 1997 VL 6 IS 2 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1007/s11665-997-0007-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA WP406 UT WOS:A1997WP40600003 ER PT J AU Turner, WA AF Turner, WA TI The complete art of war: Sun Tzu Sun Pin - Sawyer,RD SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Turner, WA (reprint author), US AIR COMMAND & STAFF COLL,SCOTT AFB,IL, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 355 EP 356 DI 10.2307/2953972 PG 2 WC History SC History GA WT185 UT WOS:A1997WT18500010 ER PT J AU Belles, DM AF Belles, DM TI The twin-flex clasp: An esthetic alternative SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE AB In removable partial denture fabrication, the patient's interest usually lies in the improvement of his or her esthetic appearance. Unsightly facial clasps have always been a cosmetic problem with traditional options either expensive or technically difficult. This article describes an alternative for anterior retention that maintains excellent esthetics with a simple approach. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD APR PY 1997 VL 77 IS 4 BP 450 EP 452 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(97)70171-9 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WT442 UT WOS:A1997WT44200018 PM 9104723 ER PT J AU Rotondaro, MD Perram, GP AF Rotondaro, MD Perram, GP TI Collisional broadening and shift of the rubidium D-1 and D-2 lines (5(2)S(1/2)->5(2)P(1/2), 5(2)P(3/2)) by rare gases, H-2, D-2, N-2, CH4 and CF4 SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID RB AB The collision induced broadening and line shifts for the Rb D-1 (5(2)P(1/2)-5(2)S(1/2)) and D-2 (5(2)P(3/2)-5(2)S(1/2)) transitions at low buffer gas pressure (0-300 torr) and T = 394 K were obtained from high resolution laser absorption spectra. The shifts, delta, and broadening, gamma(L) for H-2, D-2, N-2, CH4 and CF4 are in MHz per torr delta(5(2)P(1/2)) = -2.17, -2.22, -7.41, -7.92, -5.41; delta(5(2)P(3/2)) = -3.83, -4.09, -5.79, -7.0, -5.73; gamma(L)(5(2)P(1/2)) = 17.3, 14.1, 16.3, 29.1, 18.7; gamma(L)(5(2)P(3/2)) = 26.4, 20.6, 18.3, 26.2, 17.3, respectively. Similar results are reported for rare gas collision partners. These values have been further interpreted using the impact approximation for collisional broadening to obtain the parameters for the Leonard Jones interaction potentials, The rates for pressure broadening are clearly correlated with polarizability of the collision partner. RP USAF, INST TECHNOL, DEPT ENGN PHYS, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 30 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD APR PY 1997 VL 57 IS 4 BP 497 EP 507 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(96)00147-1 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA WR439 UT WOS:A1997WR43900007 ER PT J AU Brothers, HS AF Brothers, HS TI An alternate compliance strategy for title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB An alternate compliance strategy (ACS) is developed which incorporates pollution prevention and flexibility to replace traditional end-of-pipe (EOP) control strategy regulation. The ACS takes into consideration the intent of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) to incorporate pollution prevention into regulations and provides a viable mechanism for implementation. This proposed new compliance strategy was developed after studying the CAAA regulations, related compliance issues, and pollution prevention literature. The ACS is defined by amending language in the Hazardous Organic National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (HON) regulation into a performance-based standard permitting regulated facilities to design compliance programs to meet all requirements. A change in regulation is considered reasonable only if it forces the same emission reductions, reduces risk a comparable amount, and is acceptable to the public, the regulators, and the regulated industry. In order to demonstrate that the ACS can meet all these requirements, an example application is summarized from an ethylene oxide-ethylene glycol plant. The example demonstrates that the ACS reduces hazardous air pollution (HAP) emissions more than the HON rule requires. Three evaluation methods are developed and applied to further demonstrate the acceptability of the ACS. They include a qualitative evaluation matrix, a total cost assessment, and a risk reduction measurement model. Results indicate that the ACS provided a preferable compliance program. The ACS should be adopted as an alternative method of compliance. It provides a major step in the progression of regulations from the traditional EOP treatment philosophy to pollution prevention performance-based standards. C1 USAF,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 1997 VL 47 IS 4 BP 468 EP 480 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WU264 UT WOS:A1997WU26400007 PM 28065150 ER PT J AU Mah, TI Keller, KA Sambasivan, S Kerans, RJ AF Mah, TI Keller, KA Sambasivan, S Kerans, RJ TI High-temperature environmental stability of the compounds in the Al2O3-Y2O3 system SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID YTTRIUM-ALUMINUM-GARNET; SILICON-CARBIDE; BEHAVIOR; YAG AB Heat treatments in several environments were performed on a series of compounds in the Al2O3 and Y2O3 system: Al2O3-Y3Al5O12, eutectic, Y3Al5O12, YAlO3, Y4Al2O9, and Y2O3, The yttrium aluminates were found to be stable at high temperatures under vacuum and in air. However, when they were heat-treated under vacuum in proximity to SiC, degradation was observed, This was found to be primarily a result of carbothermal reduction, In a similarly reducing environment without Si, the yttrium aluminates, acid Al2O3 and Y2O3, all exhibited degradation by carbothermal reduction, Based upon the experimental results, a degradation mechanism for yttrium aluminates was proposed. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WL MLLN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 874 EP 878 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA WV760 UT WOS:A1997WV76000006 ER PT J AU Adams, JW Ruh, R Mazdiyasni, KS AF Adams, JW Ruh, R Mazdiyasni, KS TI Young's modulus, flexural strength, and fracture of yttria-stabilized zirconia versus temperature SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CERAMICS AB The flexural strength and elastic modulus of cubic zirconia that was stabilized with 6.5 mol% yttria was determined in the temperature range of 25 degrees-1500 degrees C in air, Specimens were diamond machined from both hot-pressed and sintered billets that were prepared from alkoxy-derived powders, The flexural strength of the hot-pressed material decreased, from similar to 300 MPa at 25 degrees C to 50 MPa at 1000 degrees C, and then increased slightly as the temperature increased to 1500 degrees C, The flexural strength of the sintered material decreased. from similar to 150 MPa at 25 degrees C to 25 MPa at 750 degrees C, and then appeared to increase slightly to 1500 degrees C. Flexural strengths were comparable to other fully stabilized zirconia materials, The overall fracture mode was transgranular at low temperatures, mixed mode at similar to 500 degrees-1000 degrees C, and intergranular at higher temperatures, Pores or pore agglomerates along grain boundaries and at triple points were fracture origins, The value of the porosity-corrected Young's moduli was 222 GPa at 25 degrees C, decreased to similar to 180 GPa at 400 degrees C, and then was relatively constant with increasing temperature to 1350 degrees C. C1 IIT,RES INST,CHICAGO,IL 60616. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 20 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 1997 VL 80 IS 4 BP 903 EP 908 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA WV760 UT WOS:A1997WV76000010 ER PT J AU Chao, CC Gunning, GR Moe, K Chastain, SH Settecerri, TJ AF Chao, CC Gunning, GR Moe, K Chastain, SH Settecerri, TJ TI An evaluation of Jacchia 71 and MSIS90 atmosphere models with NASA ODERACS decay data SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Conference CY FEB 11-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TEXAS SP AAS, AIAA AB The Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-60) deployed six Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Spheres (ODERACS 1) on February 9, 1994. A year later on February 3, 1995, three more spheres and three small dipoles (ODERACS 2) were placed in orbit from Discovery (STS-63). The orbital lifetimes of these metal spheres ranged from 8 to 13 months. The continuous NORAD 2-line orbital elements and the known dimension and mass of each sphere provided a good opportunity for the evaluation of atmospheric density models. This paper presents the results of the evaluation of two commonly used atmospheric density models, Jacchia 71 and MSIS90, based on decay histories of these spheres. The NORAD 2-line elements were processed by a semi-analytical computer program LIFETIME, which differentially adjusts the ballistic coefficient used with one of the two atmosphere models, so that the computed orbit agrees with the observed orbit. The daily measurements of solar flux, F-10.7, and geomagnetic index, A(p), were used by LIFETIME for atmosphere density prediction. Two sets of drag coefficient, C-d, were deduced from the ballistic coefficients for four altitude bins covering an altitude range from 100 km to 350 km. Physical drag coefficients for spheres were compared with the observed drag coefficients deduced from the NASA data. Results of comparison strongly suggest that the Jacchia 71 density model is 9 to 22% too high in predicting density at the above mentioned altitude range at a time of low solar activity. The results of this study further support the estimated 15% error in Earth atmosphere density models. C1 Aerospace Corp, Astrodynam Dept, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USAF, Space & Missile Ctr, Dev Planning Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Chao, CC (reprint author), Aerospace Corp, Astrodynam Dept, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 131 EP 141 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YQ206 UT WOS:000071361100001 ER PT J AU Vergez, PL AF Vergez, PL TI Lyapunov stability analysis of an orbit determination problem SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER AB Statistical orbit determination is an important part of tracking satellites and predicting their future location. This is accomplished by processing the raw observation data from ground stations tracking satellites in orbit and estimating the location of these satellites. Kalman filter theory is a popular statistical process but it is not commonly used for satellite orbit determination because it exhibits poor stability characteristics in this application. In particular, an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is needed for this application because the orbit determination problem is a nonlinear one. The EKF does not lend itself well to the traditional eigenvalue stability analysis, which is applicable for linear, time-invariant systems. If the stability characteristics of the EKF used for the orbit determination problem were better understood, it could become useful for these applications. A stability analysis concept which has received much attention is Lyapunov's stability theory. The focus of this paper is to apply the second method of Lyapunov (or the direct method) to evaluate the stability characteristics of an EKF estimating a satellite's orbit using simulated radar data from ground tracking stations at Mahe Island and Thule. Specifically, a Lyapunov function is used to analyze the stability characteristics of that EKF while selecting the weighting matrices of the filter for the satellite orbit determination problem. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Vergez, PL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6J75, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 233 EP 245 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YQ206 UT WOS:000071361100007 ER PT J AU Qian, W Skowronski, M Kaspi, R AF Qian, W Skowronski, M Kaspi, R TI Dislocation density reduction in GaSb films grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; SUPERLATTICES; MULTILAYERS; DEFECTS AB The reduction of threading dislocation density due to their mutual interactions in GaSb thin films grown on (001) GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy has been investigated. The effectiveness of several buffer layer schemes including GaSb/AlSb strained layer superlattice and In0.11Ga0.89Sb/GaAs buffers for threading dislocation suppression was evaluated. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that the GaSb/GaAs interface consists of a highly periodic network of 90 degrees pure edge misfit dislocations, with an average spacing close to that or a fully relaxed system. This results in relatively low threading densities in the GaSb epilayer, despite their large lattice constant mismatch (8.2%). The threading dislocation density as a function of GaSb film thickness was determined by plan-view transmission electron microscopy and was found to decrease with film thickness due to mutual interactions among dislocations. It was found that a strained layer superlattice of GaSb/AlSb, with each layer close to its critical thickness, is the most effective in threading density reduction. C1 CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RI Skowronski, Marek/A-8934-2011 OI Skowronski, Marek/0000-0002-2087-0068 NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD APR PY 1997 VL 144 IS 4 BP 1430 EP 1434 DI 10.1149/1.1837606 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA WX090 UT WOS:A1997WX09000059 ER PT J AU Kuck, S Schepler, KL Chai, BHT AF Kuck, S Schepler, KL Chai, BHT TI Evaluation of Mn5+-doped Sr-5(VO4)(3)F as a laser material based on excited-state absorption and stimulated-emission measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HOST LATTICES; LUMINESCENCE; MN5+; MN5+SR-5(VO4)(3)F; SR5(PO4)3CL; ION AB Excited-state absorption and stimulated-emission measurements of Mn5+-doped Sr-5(VO4)(3)F were made with a pump-and-probe technique. Strong excited-state absorption bands were observed, corresponding to the transitions from the E-1(D-1) metastable level to higher-lying singlet levels. The stimulated emission from the E-1(D-1) level to the (3)A(2)(F-3) ground state is overlapped by a tail of the E-1(D-1) --> T-1(2)(D-1) excited-state absorption band. The cross section of the E-1(D-1) --> T-1(2)(D-1) transition at 1161 nm is (1.4 +/- 0.3) x 10(-20) cm(2) for E parallel to c and (2.4 +/- 0.5) x 10(-20) cm(2) for E perpendicular to c. The ratio between the excited-state absorption and the stimulated-emission cross section at 1161 nm is 0.52 for E parallel to c and 1.82 for E perpendicular to c. Therefore laser emission is expected to be inefficient in E parallel to c polarization and not to be possible in E perpendicular to c polarization. The crystal field parameters in the cubic field approximation were determined to be Dq = 1134 cm(-1), B = 356 cm(-1), and C = 2918 cm(-1), giving Dq/B = 3.19 and C/B = 8.20. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WL,AAJL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV CENT FLORIDA,CTR RES & EDUC OPT & LASERS,ORLANDO,FL 32826. RP Kuck, S (reprint author), INST LASER PHYS,JUNGIUSSTR 9A,D-20355 HAMBURG,GERMANY. RI Schepler, Kenneth/D-3730-2015; OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD APR PY 1997 VL 14 IS 4 BP 957 EP 963 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.14.000957 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA WU017 UT WOS:A1997WU01700034 ER PT J AU Cao, Y Gao, M Beam, JE Donovan, B AF Cao, Y Gao, M Beam, JE Donovan, B TI Experiments and analyses of flat miniature heat pipes SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID MICRO AB Two flat copper-water axially grooved miniature heat pipes are fabricated employing the electric-discharge-machining (EDM) wire-cutting method. Because of the advantage of the EDM method, axial grooves are provided around the entire interior perimeters of the miniature heat pipes, The two miniature heat pipes are tested under different heat inputs, cooling temperatures, and orientations, The maximum heat transfer rate for the heat pipes tested is about 40 W, and the maximum heat flux achieved is about 20 W/cm(2), based on the outer surface of the evaporator, The effective thermal conductance of the heat pipe is on the order of 40 times that of copper based on the external cross-sectional area of the miniature heat pipe, If the effective thermal conductance is evaluated based on the interior cross-sectional area of the heat pipe, it can be 100 times higher than the thermal conductivity of copper. Analyses for heat-pipe limitations are also pel formed based on certain analytical relations, It is found that the capillary limit is the dominant heat transfer limitation for the miniature heat pipes tested in this paper, To improve the accuracy of the analytical model, the hydraulic radius in the capillary limit is corrected using the exact two-dimensional solutions found in the literature, and the expression for the friction factor that takes into account the shear stress at the liquid/vapor interface is adopted, The analytical results based on these modifications are compared with corresponding experimental results with good agreement. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AEROSP POWER DIV,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Cao, Y (reprint author), FLORIDA INT UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,MIAMI,FL 33199, USA. NR 11 TC 54 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 158 EP 164 DI 10.2514/2.6247 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA WU625 UT WOS:A1997WU62500005 ER PT J AU Hiers, R AF Hiers, R TI Rarefaction effects in small particle combustion SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 31st Thermophysics Conference CY JUN 17-20, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID OXIDATION AB The standard theories of particle combustion rely upon continuum gasdynamic relationships, These theories predict that small reacting particles are always essentially in thermal equilibrium with the ambient gas phase, This is a consequence of three results from continuum theory: 1) the convective loss is inversely proportional to particle size, 2) the convective loss is independent of pressure, and 3) the convective loss depends upon the thermal conductivity of the ambient gas, Typical soot particles are smaller than the mean free path of the ambient gas, Energy and mass conservation equations are derived assuming free molecular conditions, Under these assumptions, the convective loss is shown to be independent of particle size, dependent on the ambient pressure, and independent of the gas phase thermal conductivity, These equations are solved for a variety of O-2/O/N-2 gas mixtures, pressures, and temperatures, High O-2 mole fractions at low pressure result in significant gas/particle thermal nonequilibrium. The particle surface temperature is shown to elevate significantly above the gas temperature, This result contradicts the behavior of small reacting particles predicted by continuum theory. RP Hiers, R (reprint author), SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,ARNOLD ENGN DEV CTR GRP,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389, USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 232 EP 238 DI 10.2514/2.6227 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA WU625 UT WOS:A1997WU62500015 ER PT J AU Thomas, SK Yerkes, KL AF Thomas, SK Yerkes, KL TI Quasi-steady-state performance of a heat pipe subjected to transient acceleration loadings SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,THERMAL TECHNOL SECT,WL POOS 3,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Thomas, SK (reprint author), WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH & MAT ENGN,DAYTON,OH 45435, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD APR-JUN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 306 EP 309 DI 10.2514/2.6239 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA WU625 UT WOS:A1997WU62500026 ER PT J AU Friedrichs, P Lassen, P Canby, E Graham, C AF Friedrichs, P Lassen, P Canby, E Graham, C TI Renal medullary carcinoma and sickle cell trait SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney neoplasms; sickle cell trait; kidney medulla RP Friedrichs, P (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT UROL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236, USA. NR 2 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 157 IS 4 BP 1349 EP 1349 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64972-3 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA WN129 UT WOS:A1997WN12900051 PM 9120938 ER PT J AU Johnson, SP Fujitani, RM Leyendecker, JR Joseph, FB AF Johnson, SP Fujitani, RM Leyendecker, JR Joseph, FB TI Stent deformation and intimal hyperplasia complicating treatment of a post-carotid endarterectomy intimal flap with a Palmaz stent SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID TRANS-LUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY; PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY; ARTERY; PLACEMENT; EXPERIENCE; ANGIOGRAPHY; RESTENOSIS; WALLSTENT; STENOSES AB We report a case of common carotid artery Palmaz stent placement for treatment of an intimal flap after surgical endarterectomy. Despite technical success with an excellent immediate result, a significant stenosis detected by duplex sonographic examination developed at 10 months. This stenosis, the result of stent compression and intimal hyperplasia, illustrates the previously theoretic risk associated with placement of the balloon-expandable stent in a compressible site such as the cervical carotid artery. In addition, we demonstrate that significant intimal hyperplasia may occur after carotid artery stent placement, potentially limiting long-term patency. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT GEN SURG,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,VASC SURG SERV,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. RP Johnson, SP (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,PSRD,2200 BERGQUIST DR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD APR PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 764 EP 768 DI 10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70308-2 PG 5 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA WV357 UT WOS:A1997WV35700025 PM 9129637 ER PT J AU Carlson, JL AF Carlson, JL TI Wine country bike rides: The best tours in Sonoma, Napa, and Mendocino counties - Emmery,L SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Carlson, JL (reprint author), VANDENBERG AFB LIB,VANDENBERG AFB,CA 93437, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD APR 1 PY 1997 VL 122 IS 6 BP 113 EP 113 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA WP925 UT WOS:A1997WP92500185 ER PT J AU Quinn, DW AF Quinn, DW TI The method of characteristics applied to a stochastic two-stage model of carcinogenesis SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; multistage model; carcinogenesis; time dependent parameters; stochastic model ID CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT; HAZARD FUNCTION; 2-STAGE MODEL; TUMOR; PROBABILITY; PARAMETERS AB The probability of tumor and hazard function are calculated in a fully stochastic two-stage model for carcinogenesis when the parameters of the model are time dependent. The method used is the method of characteristics. RP Quinn, DW (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT MATH & STAT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD APR PY 1997 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/S0895-7177(97)00044-7 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA XE496 UT WOS:A1997XE49600001 ER PT J AU Prete, JJ Bice, WS Dubois, DF Prestidge, BR AF Prete, JJ Bice, WS Dubois, DF Prestidge, BR TI The coupling of anisotropy and radial dose functions for Pd-103 and I-125 For use with a commercial treatment planning system SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE anisotropy; radial dose function; Pd-103; I-125; brachytherapy AB Many commercial treatment planning systems available today employ traditional dose calculation formulae in their interstitial brachytherapy source calculation algorithms. The 1995 AAPM report on interstitial brachytherapy source dosimetry recommended a new dose calculational formalism and presented a technique for adopting it on systems which embody traditional formalism. In order to comply with these recommendations on our system, the transformations for implementing a one dimensional isotropic point source model were modified by coupling the published anisotropy and radial dose corrections and fitting them to a fifth order polynomial. Using this approach, a more accurate dose calculation is obtained. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT RADIOL,DIV RADIOL SCI,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. RP Prete, JJ (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,RADIAT ONCOL SERV,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD APR PY 1997 VL 24 IS 4 BP 523 EP 525 DI 10.1118/1.597982 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WU284 UT WOS:A1997WU28400005 PM 9127302 ER PT J AU Seetharaman, V Semiatin, SL AF Seetharaman, V Semiatin, SL TI Analysis of grain growth in a two-phase gamma titanium aluminide alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; PARTICLES AB Microstructure evolution during annealing of a wrought near-gamma titanium aluminide alloy, Ti-45.5Al-2Nb-2Cr (at. pct), in the temperature range 1200 degrees C to 1320 degrees C was investigated. The mean grain size of the alpha phase as well as the volume fraction and size of the gamma particles were evaluated as a function of annealing temperature and time. Isothermal annealing at temperatures above the alpha transus, T alpha = 1300 degrees C, led to rapid grain growth of the alpha phase, the kinetics of which could be described by a simple power-law type expression with a grain growth exponent p = 2.3. Alpha grain growth was significantly retarded during annealing at subtransus temperatures (1200 degrees C < T less than or equal to 1300 degrees C) by the pinning influence of gamma-phase particles. Limiting grain size values predicted by computer simulation models applicable for high-volume fractions of precipitates/particles were in good agreement with experimental findings. The kinetics of alpha grain growth in the presence of gamma particles were analyzed, and the results showed that a grain growth exponent of p approximate to 2.6 could satisfactorily account for the experimental results. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLLM,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Seetharaman, V (reprint author), UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC,MAT & PROC DIV,DAYTON,OH 45432, USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 1997 VL 28 IS 4 BP 947 EP 954 DI 10.1007/s11661-997-0225-0 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WV582 UT WOS:A1997WV58200005 ER PT J AU Carlson, DW Alward, WLM Barad, JP Zimmerman, MB Carney, BL AF Carlson, DW Alward, WLM Barad, JP Zimmerman, MB Carney, BL TI A randomized study of mitomycin augmentation in combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 14-19, 1995 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol ID EXTRACAPSULAR CATARACT-EXTRACTION; FILTRATION SURGERY; LENS IMPLANTATION; FILTERING SURGERY; GLAUCOMA; 5-FLUOROURACIL AB Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine whether the intraoperative application of subconjunctival mitomycin C (MMC), during combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy, is an effective means of improving filtration, defined as overall lower intraocular pressure (IOP) and less antiglaucoma medication use. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with a visually significant cataract and glaucoma were randomized, in a double-masked fashion, to receive intraoperative MMC (0.5 mg/ml) or placebo. Results: Follow-up ranged from 6 to 30 months (mean, 20 months). Postoperative visual acuity at 1 year was 20/40 or better in 14 of 15 eyes operated on in the placebo group and 13 of 14 eyes operated on in the MMC group. Intraocular pressure at 8 months averaged 15.2 +/- 1.5 mmHg in the placebo-treated eyes versus 12.3 +/- 1.6 mmHg in the MMC-treated eyes. At 12 months, IOPs averaged 16.2 +/- 1.5 mmHg in the placebo-treated eyes versus 12.6 +/- 1.0 mmHg in the MMC-treated eyes. On average, the MMC group had postoperative IOP levels 3.0 mmHg lower than did the placebo group (P = 0.04) throughout the study. In the placebo group, laser suture lysis was required in a greater number of patients (80% versus 43%) and to a greater extent (mean = 2.0 versus 0.7 suture lysed) (P < 0.05). At 12 months, 5 of the 15 patients in the placebo group required an average of 1.8 medications for IOP control, whereas 0 of the 14 patients in the MMC group needed IOP-lowering medications. A late endophthalmitis developed through an intact bleb in one patient in the MMC group; otherwise, complications were minimal in each group. Conclusion: These results suggest that intraoperative MMC application, during combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy surgery, does improve early filtration as shown by overall lower IOPs and less antiglaucoma medication use. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX. UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT PREVENT MED & ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. NR 20 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD APR PY 1997 VL 104 IS 4 BP 719 EP 724 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WT582 UT WOS:A1997WT58200036 PM 9111269 ER PT J AU Bright, VM Kolesar, ES Sowders, DM AF Bright, VM Kolesar, ES Sowders, DM TI Reflection characteristics of porous silicon surfaces SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE reflectance; electrochemical etching; porous silicon ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB Advanced solar cells and other optical detection devices incorporate surface texturing to reduce optical reflection and enhance absorption. Using electrochemical etching techniques, porous silicon surfaces are fabricated. Thin (pore depths less than 1 mu m) and thick (pore depths greater than 5 mu m) porous silicon surfaces are optically characterized in terms of their ability to reduce optical reflectance. Three regions of the optical spectrum were investigated: visible (500 to 900 nm), near-IR (1.25 to 2.5 mu m), and mid-IR (2.5 to 12.5 mu m). A highly polished, single-crystal silicon wafer was used as a reference surface. It was determined that thick porous silicon manifested superior results compared to the thin porous silicon, demonstrating a 91% total reflectance reduction in the visible region, a 7% reduction in the near-IR range, and a 53% reduction over the mid-IR wavelengths. (C) 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 TEXAS CHRISTIAN UNIV,DEPT ENGN,FT WORTH,TX 76129. RP Bright, VM (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 1997 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1088 EP 1093 DI 10.1117/1.601422 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA WU540 UT WOS:A1997WU54000016 ER PT J AU Furin, MJ Eisele, DW Carson, BS AF Furin, MJ Eisele, DW Carson, BS TI McCune-Albright syndrome (polyostotic fibrous dysplasia) with intracranial frontoethmoid mucocele SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,SCH MED,USAF,MED CTR,OTOLARYNGOL SERV,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL HEAD & NECK SURG,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSURG,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD APR PY 1997 VL 116 IS 4 BP 559 EP 562 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(97)70312-7 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA WV687 UT WOS:A1997WV68700025 PM 9141412 ER PT J AU Tromp, JC Beran, PS AF Tromp, JC Beran, PS TI The role of nonunique axisymmetric solutions in 3-D vortex breakdown SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID TUBES AB The three-dimensional, compressible Navier-Stokes equations in primitive variables are solved numerically to simulate vortex breakdown in a constricted tube. Time integration is performed with an implicit Beam-Warming algorithm using fourth-order compact operators to discretize spatial derivatives. Initial conditions are obtained by solving the steady, compressible, and axisymmetric form of the Navier-Stokes equations with Newton's method. The effects of three-dimensionality on flows that are initially axisymmetric and stable to 2-D disturbances are examined. Stability of the axisymmetric base flow is assessed through 3-D time integration. Axisymmetric solutions at a Mach number of 0.3 and a Reynolds number of 1000 contain a region of nonuniqueness. Within this region, 3-D time integration reveals only unique solutions, with nonunique axisymmetric initial conditions converging to a unique solution that is steady and axisymmetric. Past the primary limit point, which approximately identifies the appearance of critical flow (a flow that can support an axisymmetric standing wave), the solutions bifurcate into 3-D time-periodic flows. Thus this numerical study shows that the vortex strength associated with the loss of stability to 3-D disturbances and that of the primary limit point are in close proximity. Additional numerical and theoretical studies of 3-D swirling flows are needed to determine the impact of various parameters on dynamic behavior. For example, it is possible that a different flow behavior, leading to a nearly axisymmetric vortex breakdown state, may develop with other inlet profiles and tube geometries. RP Tromp, JC (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD APR PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 992 EP 1002 DI 10.1063/1.869194 PG 11 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA WQ094 UT WOS:A1997WQ09400019 ER PT J AU Canfield, EH Guenther, AH Rhodes, CE AF Canfield, EH Guenther, AH Rhodes, CE TI Walter Carl Beckham - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Canfield, EH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD APR PY 1997 VL 50 IS 4 BP 82 EP 82 DI 10.1063/1.881739 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WQ799 UT WOS:A1997WQ79900019 ER PT J AU Daniel, V Guide, R Spencer, MS AF Daniel, V Guide, R Spencer, MS TI Rough-cut capacity planning for remanufacturing firms SO PRODUCTION PLANNING & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE remanufacturing; capacity planning; repair/overhaul operations; rough-cut capacity planning ID SIMULATION; GREEN AB Capacity planning is a critical element of any successful production planning and control system. A method of rough-cut capacity planning is developed, based on the hill-of-resources approach, that can be used to plan for capacity required for firms in a remanufacturing (including overhaul/repair operations) environment. The modified bill-of-resources approach developed takes into account two major stochastic elements inherent in this environment; probabilistic material replacement factors and probabilistic routing files. A detailed example from an actual repair/ overhaul operation is presented to illustrate the technique. C1 UNIV NO IOWA,COLL BUSINESS,DEPT MANAGEMENT,CEDAR FALLS,IA 50614. RP Daniel, V (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH LOGIST & ACQUISIT MANAGEMENT,DEPT GRAD LOGIST MANAGEMENT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0953-7287 J9 PROD PLAN CONTROL JI Prod. Plan. Control PD APR-MAY PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1080/095372897235299 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA WV660 UT WOS:A1997WV66000006 ER PT J AU Schmidt, ME Risinger, RC Hauger, RL Schouten, JL Henry, M Potter, WZ AF Schmidt, ME Risinger, RC Hauger, RL Schouten, JL Henry, M Potter, WZ TI Responses to alpha(2)-adrenoceptor blockade by idazoxan in healthy male and female volunteers SO PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha(2)-antagonist; imidazoline; norepinephrine; growth hormone; gender ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; PLASMA NOREPINEPHRINE; ALPHA-ADRENOCEPTORS; BETA-ADRENOCEPTORS; PANIC DISORDER; YOHIMBINE; ALPHA-2-ADRENOCEPTORS; DEPRESSION; ANTAGONIST; EXERCISE AB Seven male and five female volunteers underwent double-blind infusions of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan (100 and 200 mu g/kg) and placebo in random order. Blood pressure, plasma norepinephrine, growth hormone and subjective responses were measured. The higher dose of idazoxan produced increases in blood pressure, norepinephrine and growth hormone and slight increases in anxiety. Both subject age and sex appeared to influence the magnitude of responses. C1 NIMH,EXPT THERAPEUT BRANCH,CLIN PHARMACOL SECT,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. MCLEAN HOSP,BELMONT,MA 02178. RP Schmidt, ME (reprint author), ELI LILLY & CO,LILLY CORP CTR,LILLY RES LABS,DC 0532,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46285, USA. RI Schmidt, Mark/I-5052-2016 OI Schmidt, Mark/0000-0003-3417-8977 NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4530 J9 PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINO JI Psychoneuroendocrinology PD APR PY 1997 VL 22 IS 3 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S0306-4530(96)00045-5 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA XE134 UT WOS:A1997XE13400005 PM 9203228 ER PT J AU Leavitt, J Fatone, M Hestdalen, C Obringer, JW Tillinghast, HS AF Leavitt, J Fatone, M Hestdalen, C Obringer, JW Tillinghast, HS TI Mutagenic activity of high-energy 532 nm ultra-short laser pulses SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; COLOR-CENTERS; 193 NM; RADIATION; DAMAGE; DNA AB The mutagenic activity of green (532 nm) and infrared (1064 nm) ultra-short laser light pulses was tested in cultured Syrian hamster fibroblasts by a hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl-transferase (HPRT) mutagenesis assay. In 18 irradiation trials, cells were exposed to eight consecutive 100-ps pulses of either 532 nm or 1064 nm light from a Nd:YAG laser at average irradiances of 3.0 GW/cm(2). The 532 nm irradiations produced Hprt mutations at an average observed frequency of 5.3-5.6 x 10(-6), 10-fold higher than control trials (P < 0.01), while 1064 nm irradiations produced only background (spontaneous mutation) frequencies. A HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine) sensitivity test allowed us to infer that Hprt(-) clones, selected as 6-thioguanine-resistant clones, possessed mutations at the Hprt locus after 532 nm Nd:YAG laser irradiation. The mutagenic effects of 532 nm high-energy laser pulses and not 1064 nm wavelengths are discussed in light of a two-photon absorption hypothesis. These preliminary findings suggest that 460-590 nm visible-light lasers may be mutagenic to mammalian cells either as a result of two-photon absorption or through some other photochemical process that damages DNA. (C) 1997 by Radiation Research Society. C1 USAF ACAD,DEPT BIOL,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. PALO ALTO MED FDN,RES INST,CANC CELL BIOL LAB,PALO ALTO,CA 94301. USAF ACAD,DEPT PHYS,LASER & OPT RES CTR,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD APR PY 1997 VL 147 IS 4 BP 490 EP 494 DI 10.2307/3579507 PG 5 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WQ559 UT WOS:A1997WQ55900013 PM 9092930 ER PT J AU Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM Fugate, RQ AF Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM Fugate, RQ TI Improving the resolution of ground-based telescopes SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ADAPTIVE-OPTICS SYSTEMS; WAVE-FRONT SENSOR; TO-NOISE RATIO; LASER GUIDE STARS; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE COMPENSATION; STELLAR SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; ITERATIVE BLIND DECONVOLUTION; MUTUAL COHERENCE FUNCTION; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AB Atmospheric turbulence profoundly limits the angular resolution of astronomical telescopes working at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. In fact, the angular resolution for conventional imaging through turbulence is on the order of 5-20 % of the diffraction-limited resolution at the best observatories in the world. The origin of these performance degradations turbulence-induced fluctuations in the index of refraction of the atmosphere. index-of-refraction fluctuations producing the optical path length of the atmosphere to be random in both space and time, producing random aberrations in the telescope pupil that degrade imaging performance. Over the past several years significant advances have been made in developing both hardware and image processing-based techniques for improving the resolution of astronomical telescopes. Hardware-oriented correction techniques are based on wave-front sensing and adaptive optics. Image-processing-based methods include speckle-imaging techniques and hybrid imaging techniques that use elements of adaptive-optics systems and image reconstruction. Analysis techniques for predicting the performance of these imaging methods have been developed, and the comparative performance of these imaging techniques has been examined. This paper discusses turbulence and image-detection statistics, describes the fundamentals of methods for overcoming turbulence effects, and provides representative performance results. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH ENGN,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,STARFIRE OPT RANGE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Roggemann, MC (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH ENGN,DEPT ENGN PHYS,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 190 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD APR PY 1997 VL 69 IS 2 BP 437 EP 505 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.69.437 PG 69 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WU345 UT WOS:A1997WU34500004 ER PT J AU Chang, CL Nelson, JJ AF Chang, CL Nelson, JJ TI Least-squares finite element method for the Stokes problem with zero residual of mass conservation SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE least-squares finite element method (LSFEM); Stokes flow; mass conservation; conjugate gradient ID FORMULATION; SYSTEMS AB In this paper the simulation of incompressible flow in two dimensions by the least-squares finite element method (LSFEM) in the vorticity-velocity-pressure version is studied. In the LSFEM, the equations for continuity of mass and momentum and a vorticity equation are minimized on a discretization of the domain of interest. A problem is these equations are minimized in a global sense. Thus this method may not enforce that div (u) under bar = 0 at every point of the discretization. In this paper a modified LSFEM is developed which enforces near zero residual of mass conservation, i.e., div (u) under bar is nearly zero at every point of the discretization. This is accomplished by adding an extra restriction in the divergence-free equation through the Lagrange multiplier strategy. In this numerical method the inf-sup or say LBB condition is not necessary, and the matrix resulting from applying the method on a discretization is symmetric; the uniqueness of the solution and the application of the conjugate gradient method are also valid. Numerical experience is given in simulating the flow of a cylinder with diameter 1 moving in a narrow channel of width 1.5. Results obtained by the LSFEM show that mass is created or destroyed at different points in the interior of discretization. The results obtained by the modified LSFEM show the mass is nearly conserved everywhere. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Chang, CL (reprint author), CLEVELAND STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH,CLEVELAND,OH 44115, USA. NR 18 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PD APR PY 1997 VL 34 IS 2 BP 480 EP 489 DI 10.1137/S0097539794273368 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA WT652 UT WOS:A1997WT65200003 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Kaspi, R Evans, KR AF Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Kaspi, R Evans, KR TI Crystal field splitting of defect pair spectra in GaAs SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; PHOTO-LUMINESCENCE; GROWN GAAS AB We report three photoluminescent lines in the 1.504-1.507 eV range in GaAs, associated with excitons bound to defect pairs. The lines are all split by crystal field interaction introduced by uniaxial stress. The highest energy line is strongly polarized in the [110] direction. The polarization selection rules are relaxed by an applied magnetic field clearly demonstrating the crystal field splitting. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AADP,AV DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Reynolds, DC (reprint author), WRIGHT STATE UNIV,UNIV RES CTR,DAYTON,OH 45435, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD APR PY 1997 VL 102 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(96)00786-7 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WM753 UT WOS:A1997WM75300009 ER PT J AU Look, DC Sizelove, JR Keller, S Wu, YF Mishra, UK DenBaars, SP AF Look, DC Sizelove, JR Keller, S Wu, YF Mishra, UK DenBaars, SP TI Accurate mobility and carrier concentration analysis for GaN SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE semiconductors; thin films; epitoxy; electron-phonon interactions; electronic transport ID WURTZITE; GALLIUM AB Temperature-dependent mobility mu and carrier concentration n data are simultaneously fitted in a high-quality, n-type GaN layer with wurtzite structure grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The mobility fit is found to be very important for obtaining the correct acceptor concentration, N-A similar or equal to 1.1 +/- 0.2 x 10(17) cm(-3). Using this range of N-A, a fit to the n vs T curve, corrected for Hall r-factor gives two donor levels of concentration (energy): 2.7 +/- 0.2 x 10(17) cm(-3) (7.5 +/- 1.5 meV) and 1.5 +/- 0.2 x 10(17) cm(-3) (58 +/- 2 meV), respectively. However, the n vs T curve by itself is inadequate for an accurate determination of N-A; in this case, acceptable fits can be obtained for N-A ranging from 0 to 1.2 x 10(17) cm(-3). (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,ELECT & COMP ENGN & MAT DEPT,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. RP Look, DC (reprint author), WRIGHT STATE UNIV,RES CTR,DAYTON,OH 45435, USA. NR 23 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD APR PY 1997 VL 102 IS 4 BP 297 EP 300 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(96)00784-3 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WT063 UT WOS:A1997WT06300004 ER PT J AU Posta, CG AF Posta, CG TI Postoperative gangrenous peritonitis after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A new complication for a new technique, or an old complication of delay in the diagnosis and management of acute acalculous cholecystitis in a high-risk patient SO SURGICAL LAPAROSCOPY & ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Letter RP Posta, CG (reprint author), SURG CLIN,MED GRP 75,HILL AFB,UT 84056, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1051-7200 J9 SURG LAPAROSC ENDOSC JI Surg. Laparoscopy Endosc. PD APR PY 1997 VL 7 IS 2 BP 179 EP 180 DI 10.1097/00019509-199704000-00026 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA WT386 UT WOS:A1997WT38600026 PM 9109256 ER PT J AU Sharma, SK Schreiber, B Gupta, PK AF Sharma, SK Schreiber, B Gupta, PK TI On the traction behavior of perfluoropolyalkylether fluids SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 14-19, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE perfluoropolyalkylethers; lubricant rheology; dynamic modeling AB The traction behavior of several perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) fluids is investigated. Experimental traction data obtained with a conventional rolling-disk apparatus are correlated to a Newtonian pressure-viscosity-temperature relation. Appropriate rheological constants are estimated, as a function of inlet temperature and rolling speed, from regression analysis of experimental data. C1 UNIV DAYTON,DAYTON,OH 45469. PKG INC,CLIFTON PK,NY. RP Sharma, SK (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 SN 0569-8197 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD APR PY 1997 VL 40 IS 2 BP 273 EP 278 DI 10.1080/10402009708983655 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA WX394 UT WOS:A1997WX39400011 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, N Mukherjee, A Reinhardt, BA AF Mukherjee, N Mukherjee, A Reinhardt, BA TI Measurement of two-photon absorption cross section of dye molecules doped in thin films of polymethylmethacrylate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM AB Two-photon absorption cross sections of two dye molecules, doped in thin films of polymethylmethacrylate, are measured by comparing fluorescence intensities induced by single- and two-photon excitations. Ratio of the single- and two-photon absorption cross sections is related to the ratio of the single- and two-photon pumped fluorescence intensities. Using this sensitive and background-free detection technique, dispersion of the nonlinearity is measured over a wavelength range of 700-800 nm. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,POLYMER BRANCH,MLBP,WL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Mukherjee, N (reprint author), LASER MATTER INTERACT LABS INC,1423 MADISON NE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87110, USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1524 EP 1526 DI 10.1063/1.118638 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WP199 UT WOS:A1997WP19900012 ER PT J AU Boyes, P AF Boyes, P TI Go for airborne laser SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USAF,RANCHO MARIETA,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD MAR 24 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 12 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WP194 UT WOS:A1997WP19400001 ER PT J AU Varangis, PM Gavrielides, A Erneux, T Kovanis, V Lester, LF AF Varangis, PM Gavrielides, A Erneux, T Kovanis, V Lester, LF TI Frequency entrainment in optically injected semiconductor lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITIES; MODULATION AB We theoretically predict and experimentally demonstrate the phenomenon of frequency entrainment in optically injected semiconductor lasers. The laser exhibits nonlinear subharmonic and ultraharmonic resonances for appropriate values of its frequency detuning from the externally injected signal. C1 FREE UNIV BRUSSELS,B-1050 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. UNIV NEW MEXICO,CTR HIGH TECHNOL MAT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP Varangis, PM (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,NONLINEAR OPT CTR,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 20 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 1997 VL 78 IS 12 BP 2353 EP 2356 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.2353 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WP513 UT WOS:A1997WP51300020 ER PT J AU Gallagher, MR AF Gallagher, MR TI TCAS needs procedures SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USAF,SACRAMENTO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD MAR 17 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 11 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WN507 UT WOS:A1997WN50700005 ER PT J AU Roberts, SE Meier, BB Ward, JB Scales, DK AF Roberts, SE Meier, BB Ward, JB Scales, DK TI Descriptive epidemiology of ocular bungee cord injuries during air force basic training SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 274 EP 274 PN 1 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN186 UT WOS:A1997WN18600272 ER PT J AU Mansouri, A Toth, CA Winter, KP Cain, CP Noojin, GD Rockwell, BA AF Mansouri, A Toth, CA Winter, KP Cain, CP Noojin, GD Rockwell, BA TI Retinal histopathology of suprathreshold ultrashort laser pulses SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DUKE UNIV,CTR EYE,DURHAM,ENGLAND. ANALYT SCI CORP,SAN ANTONIO,TX. ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. RI toth, cynthia/F-5614-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 406 EP 406 PN 1 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN186 UT WOS:A1997WN18600404 ER PT J AU Stuck, BE Scales, DK Zwick, H Lund, DJ Dunlap, W AF Stuck, BE Scales, DK Zwick, H Lund, DJ Dunlap, W TI Early treatment and recovery after simultaneous bilateral injury from Q-switched laser exposure SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA,MED RES DETACHMENT,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,SAN ANTONIO,TX. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 412 EP 412 PN 1 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN186 UT WOS:A1997WN18600410 ER PT J AU Schuschereba, ST Scales, DK Cross, ME Pizarro, JM Lund, DJ Stuck, BE Marshall, J AF Schuschereba, ST Scales, DK Cross, ME Pizarro, JM Lund, DJ Stuck, BE Marshall, J TI Neutrophils are important treatment targets immediately after severe laser retinal injury in human and rabbit retinas SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA,MED RES DETACHMENT,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,SAN ANTONIO,TX. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. UNIV LONDON,UNITED MED & DENT SCH GUYS & ST THOMAS HOSP,ST THOMAS HOSP,LONDON,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 413 EP 413 PN 1 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN186 UT WOS:A1997WN18600411 ER PT J AU Scales, DK Zwick, H Stuck, BE Lund, DJ Schuschereba, ST AF Scales, DK Zwick, H Stuck, BE Lund, DJ Schuschereba, ST TI Repeated accidental retinal exposures in two observers of argon laser trabeculoplasty SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,USA,MED RES DETACHMENT,BROOKS AFB,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 417 EP 417 PN 1 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN186 UT WOS:A1997WN18600421 ER PT J AU Winter, KP Toth, CA Cain, CP Narayan, DG DiCarlo, CD Rockwell, B Roach, WP AF Winter, KP Toth, CA Cain, CP Narayan, DG DiCarlo, CD Rockwell, B Roach, WP TI A damage mechanism for pico and femtosecond visible laser retinal lesions SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DUKE UNIV,CTR EYE,DURHAM,NC. TASC INC,SAN ANTONIO,TX. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. USAF,OFF SCI RES,WASHINGTON,DC. RI toth, cynthia/F-5614-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 419 EP 419 PN 1 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN186 UT WOS:A1997WN18600417 ER PT J AU Massios, SC Ward, JB Skaarup, TP AF Massios, SC Ward, JB Skaarup, TP TI Propofol anesthesia regimen for strabismus surgery reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting and time in hospital. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIA,LACKLAND AFB,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 544 EP 544 PN 1 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN186 UT WOS:A1997WN18600548 ER PT J AU Mauffray, RO Holck, DEE DeBacker, CM Dutton, JJ AF Mauffray, RO Holck, DEE DeBacker, CM Dutton, JJ TI Long term stability of lower eyelid recession with scleral spacer allografts SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. DUKE UNIV,CTR EYE,DURHAM,NC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 615 EP 615 PN 1 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN186 UT WOS:A1997WN18600613 ER PT J AU Morehouse, JD Flynn, WJ Bartholomew, LR Pang, DX Campbell, DG AF Morehouse, JD Flynn, WJ Bartholomew, LR Pang, DX Campbell, DG TI The effect of endoscopic laser treatment to the ciliary sulcus on feline outflow facility and intraocular pressure SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. UNIV MICHIGAN,WK KELLOGG EYE CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. DARTMOUTH HITCHCOCK MED CTR,LEBANON,NH 03766. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 853 EP 853 PN 1 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN186 UT WOS:A1997WN18600851 ER PT J AU Bias, MF Barad, JP Carlson, DW Alward, WLM AF Bias, MF Barad, JP Carlson, DW Alward, WLM TI Three year follow-up of mitomycin vs. placebo in combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. USAF ACAD,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1225 EP 1225 PN 1 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN186 UT WOS:A1997WN18601222 ER PT J AU Smith, RE Caster, JC Angle, BN Perez, JL Ivan, DJ Tredici, TJ AF Smith, RE Caster, JC Angle, BN Perez, JL Ivan, DJ Tredici, TJ TI Corneal abnormalities detected by videokeratography in USAF pilot candidates SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,OPHTHALMOL BRANCH,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 3949 EP 3949 PN 2 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN215 UT WOS:A1997WN21500773 ER PT J AU Glickman, RD Rockwell, BA Kumar, N Stolarski, DJ AF Glickman, RD Rockwell, BA Kumar, N Stolarski, DJ TI Evidence that melanin promotes intracellular photo-oxidative reactions SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 4808 EP 4808 PN 2 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN215 UT WOS:A1997WN21501629 ER PT J AU Dudenhoefer, EJ Reed, JB Geanon, JD Campagna, JA AF Dudenhoefer, EJ Reed, JB Geanon, JD Campagna, JA TI Does trabeculectomy alter conjunctival flora? SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 4979 EP 4979 PN 2 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN215 UT WOS:A1997WN21501800 ER PT J AU Burroughs, JR Waller, SA Manning, CA Kloess, PM AF Burroughs, JR Waller, SA Manning, CA Kloess, PM TI Intraoperative mitomycin in primary pterygium excision: Long-term follow-up of a prospective, randomized trial SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. USAFA,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 5064 EP 5064 PN 2 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN215 UT WOS:A1997WN21501885 ER PT J AU Casey, P Lloyd, WC Giovannini, J Bauman, W AF Casey, P Lloyd, WC Giovannini, J Bauman, W TI Treatment of Aspergillus endophthalmitis: A prospective, masked trial of the effect of intravitreal amphotericin B and dexamethasone in the rabbit model. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 5198 EP 5198 PN 2 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WN215 UT WOS:A1997WN21502019 ER PT J AU White, WR Dajani, I Kendall, JP AF White, WR Dajani, I Kendall, JP TI An investigation of the origin of the compromising field in germanosilicates waveguide electric-field-induced second harmonic experiments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A recent publication by Statman and Georges reported on the dynamics of electric-field-induced second harmonic (EFISH) in planar germanosilicate waveguides. They provided a model that examines the decay of the second harmonic signal as a result of charge migration inside the doped glass medium through dielectric relaxation and electronic drift. We present experimental results of EFISH using femtosecond laser pulses. We show here that this decay is actually due to the formation of a surface charge. C1 USAF ACAD,DEPT PHYS,LASER & OPT RES CTR,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. RP White, WR (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT PHYS,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 6 BP 2887 EP 2888 DI 10.1063/1.363947 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WP167 UT WOS:A1997WP16700070 ER PT J AU Kozlowski, G Varanasi, C Maartense, I Oberly, CE AF Kozlowski, G Varanasi, C Maartense, I Oberly, CE TI Use of high density Y2BaCuO5 substrates in the melt processing of YBa2Cu3O7-x bars with high transport critical current SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; GROWTH AB Y2BaCuO5 (211) bars sintered at high temperatures were used as substrates in melt processing of long YBa2Cu3O7-x (123) bars. Use of high-density 211 substrates (sintered at 1250 degrees C for 12 h) resulted in less liquid extraction, as compared to low-density 211 bars (sintered at 940 degrees C for 24 h). In addition, it was found that the high-density bars influence the texture of 123, as domains were observed to grow from the 211/123 interface. A 6 cm long single domain sample with a cross-sectional area of 0.54 cm(2) was melt processed by using a 211 substrate. A de transport critical current of 1500 A along the c-direction of this full-length bar was measured at 77 K and in a self-field. RP Kozlowski, G (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAR 15 PY 1997 VL 276 IS 3-4 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(97)00021-X PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WV810 UT WOS:A1997WV81000002 ER PT J AU Voelz, DG Bush, KA Idell, PS AF Voelz, DG Bush, KA Idell, PS TI Illumination coherence effects in laser-speckle imaging: Modeling and experimental demonstration SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE coherent imaging; partial coherence; laser speckle ID PATTERNS AB Coherent imaging techniques rely on the coherence properties of backscattered radiation to form an image of an illuminated object. These techniques are sensitive to the degree of coherence of the illuminating source. We present an approach for simulating the effects that partial temporal coherent illumination has on these techniques. Computer simulation and laboratory experimental results are presented that illustrate illumination coherence effects on imagery obtained with the technique known as imaging correlography. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 LOGICON RDA,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. ROCKWELL INT CORP,ROCKETDYNE DIV,CANOGA PK,CA 91309. RP Voelz, DG (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,IMAGING BRANCH,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 10 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1781 EP 1788 DI 10.1364/AO.36.001781 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA WN597 UT WOS:A1997WN59700010 PM 18250865 ER PT J AU Song, QW Wang, XM Haritatos, F AF Song, QW Wang, XM Haritatos, F TI Test and analysis of an electro-optic dynamic diverging lens for three-dimensional optical memories SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE electro-optic device; dynamic imaging; optical memory; adaptive optics ID PLZT AB We present the experimental results of a two-dimensional electro-optic dynamic diverging lens for dynamic imaging. The device is based on a lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate ceramic wafer. It produces a smooth phase-modulation distribution, which almost eliminates the diffraction loss of interdigital electrodes and the interference among different diffraction orders that exist in most of these types of devices. The continual change of focal length in this device is achieved by an applied control voltage. A dynamic-imaging system is demonstrated. It can be used to address three-dimensional optical memories. The aberration of the device as compared with an ideal lens is also numerically evaluated. With minor modification to the applied voltage distribution on the device, its performance is comparable with that of an ideal lens. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF,ROME LAB,GRIFFISS AFB,NY 13441. RP Song, QW (reprint author), SYRACUSE UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,121 LINK HALL,NEW YORK,NY 13244, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 10 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1796 EP 1803 DI 10.1364/AO.36.001796 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA WN597 UT WOS:A1997WN59700012 PM 18250867 ER PT J AU Park, DG Chen, Z Diatezua, DM Wang, Z Rockett, A Morkoc, H Alterovitz, SA AF Park, DG Chen, Z Diatezua, DM Wang, Z Rockett, A Morkoc, H Alterovitz, SA TI Thermal stability of Si3N4/Si/GaAs interfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; INSULATOR; TRANSISTORS AB An investigation on the thermally induced interface degradation of Si3N4/Si/p-GaAs metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures is presented. We characterize the mutation of chemical identities by in situ angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the nature of an insulator and interface by a variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry after high temperature annealing. The minimum interface state density of the Si3N4/Si/p-GaAs MIS capacitor as determined by capacitance-voltage and conductance loss measurements was about 8x10(10) eV(-1) cm cm(-2) near GaAs midgap after rapid thermal annealing at 550 degrees C in N-2. However, this density increased to 5x10(11) eV(-1) cm(-2) after annealing at 750 degrees C in N-2. The underlying mechanisms responsible for this degradation are described. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COORDINATED SCI LAB,URBANA,IL 61801. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Park, DG (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,FREDRICK SEITZ MAT RES LAB,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. RI Rockett, Angus/A-3218-2008; Rockett, Angus/B-5539-2013 OI Rockett, Angus/0000-0001-9759-8421 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 10 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 10 BP 1263 EP 1265 DI 10.1063/1.118547 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WL865 UT WOS:A1997WL86500026 ER PT J AU Gunes, H Dietz, DC Auclair, PF Moore, AH AF Gunes, H Dietz, DC Auclair, PF Moore, AH TI Modified goodness-of-fit tests for the inverse Gaussian distribution SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE inverse Gaussian distribution; goodness-of-fit; Monte Carlo AB Modified Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Kuiper (V), Cramer-von Mises (CV), Watson (W), Anderson-Darling (AD) and sequential goodness-of-fit tests are developed for the inverse Gaussian distribution with unknown parameters. A Monte Carlo procedure is employed to generate critical values for a wide range of sample sizes and shape parameters. Power studies indicate that the Tv test is most effective against alternate distributions that are very similar in shape to the null inverse Gaussian distribution. Otherwise, the modified AD test generally demonstrates the highest power among single tests. To eliminate the need for extensive critical value tables, functional relationships between critical values, sample sizes, and shape parameters are reported. C1 USAF,GRAD SCH ENGN,INST TECHNOL,DEPT OPERAT SCI,AFIT,ENS,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD MAR 6 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.1016/S0167-9473(96)00056-4 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA WK874 UT WOS:A1997WK87400005 ER PT J AU Kendall, BS Liang, CY Lancaster, KJ McCabe, KM Solanki, PH AF Kendall, BS Liang, CY Lancaster, KJ McCabe, KM Solanki, PH TI Ischemic fasciitis - Report of a case with fine needle aspiration findings SO ACTA CYTOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE fasciitis; aspiration biopsy ID NODULAR FASCIITIS AB BACKGROUND: Ischemic fasciitis, also called atypical decubital fibroplasia, was recently described as a distinctive fibroblastic proliferation occurring predominantly in elderly, bed-ridden individuals. This entity can easily be misdiagnosed as a malignant process. CASE: A 70-year-old, white male presented with an enlarging right hip mass. Fine needle aspiration yielded spindled and ovoid cells with ample cytoplasm and occasional nuclear atypia. The histologic features of a subsequent biopsy and resection specimen included a zonal pattern of fibrinoid necrosis with surrounding reactive fibroblasts, histiocytes and vascular proliferation, which are characteristic of ischemic fasciitis. CONCLUSION: Ischemic fasciitis can be mistaken clinically, cytologically and histologically for sarcoma. The cytologic findings seen in this case, when combined with the clinical history, were sufficient to avoid misdiagnosis of malignancy in a benign, proliferative lesion. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 SN 0001-5547 J9 ACTA CYTOL JI Acta Cytol. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 598 EP 602 PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA WT175 UT WOS:A1997WT17500060 PM 9100807 ER PT J AU Gundel, DB Warrier, SG Miracle, DB AF Gundel, DB Warrier, SG Miracle, DB TI The interface debond stress in single and multiple SiC fiber Ti-6Al-4V composites under transverse tension SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANISMS AB The cruciform specimen, which effectively eliminates the influence of the fiber-free surface intersection, has recently been introduced to characterize the transverse tensile response of fiber-reinforced composites. In the present study, extensive transverse tensile testing of single and multiple-fiber specimens of SCS-6 SIC fiber/Ti-6Al-4V composites was performed. Poor consolidation and specimen damage prior to the lest, when present, caused the measured interface strength to be low. The debond stress was relatively insensitive to specimen thickness between 200 and 550 mu m. The average remote debond stress of well-consolidated, damage-free specimens was 322 +/- 14 MPa, while a Weibull analysis indicated that the characteristic strength was 328 MPa and the Weibull modulus was 27. Stress analyses suggest that, at this level of remote stress, the interface supports a tensile stress of approximately 120 MPa, which is much greater strength than previously thought. Multiple-ply, multiple-fiber specimens were found to have nearly the same remote debond stress as the single-fiber specimens. Copyright (C) 1997 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Inc. C1 UES INC,DAYTON,OH 45432. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Gundel, DB (reprint author), SYSTRAN CORP,DAYTON,OH 45432, USA. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 1275 EP 1284 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(96)00241-8 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WK702 UT WOS:A1997WK70200034 ER PT J AU Weber, JW Oran, ES Patnaik, G Anderson, JD AF Weber, JW Oran, ES Patnaik, G Anderson, JD TI Load balancing and performance issues for data parallel simulation of stiff chemical nonequilibrium flows SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 15-19, 1996 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID ALGORITHM AB A data parallel program is presented that solves the reactive Euler equations for stiff chemical nonequilibrium flows on Connection Machines CM-2/200 and CM-5/5E. The program is written in CM Fortran and uses direction and time-step splitting to couple representations of the chemical and fluid dynamic processes on a structured Cartesian grid, An explicit high-order monotone algorithm with nonlinear damping is used to integrate the convection terms, and a hybrid asymptotic/modified-Euler approach is used to solve the system of ordinary differential equations from the chemical source terms. Integration of the fluid dynamics was conservatively determined to be 9.4 and 12.0 Gflops on a 512-node CM-5 and CM-5E, respectively. The fluid dynamics solver scaled well for large problems; however, both the performance and the scaling are significantly affected by the nearest-neighbor communications, which accounted for at least 24% of the execution time on the CM-5, For the integration of the chemistry source terms, poor load balancing significantly affected performance of the program, Therefore, a new load-balancing algorithm was developed that reduces the chemistry integration time by a factor of six for the test problem, a detonation propagating in a hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixture. Moreover, the chemistry integration time, with the load balancing, is slightly less than the time required to integrate the fluid dynamics, As a result, an efficient data parallel program for solving stiff chemical nonequilibrium flows is available for problems that were too expensive to solve in the past. C1 USN, RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20375 USA. BERKELEY RES ASSOCIATES INC, SPRINGFIELD, VA USA. MARATHWADA UNIV, DEPT AEROSP ENGN, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP USAF, WRIGHT LAB, PROP SYST BRANCH, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 35 IS 3 BP 486 EP 493 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WM098 UT WOS:A1997WM09800011 ER PT J AU Johnson, BA Fram, EK Johnson, PC Jacobowitz, R AF Johnson, BA Fram, EK Johnson, PC Jacobowitz, R TI The variable MR appearance of primary lymphoma of the central nervous system: Comparison with histopathologic features SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Neuroradiology CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP AMER SOC NEURORADIOL DE brain neoplasms, magnetic resonance; lymphoma ID PRIMARY CEREBRAL LYMPHOMA; PRIMARY CNS LYMPHOMA; T-CELL LYMPHOMA; AIDS; CT AB PURPOSE: To describe the MR features of primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma and to determine whether there is a correlation with histopathologic findings. METHODS: The MR images, pathologic specimens, and clinical records of 23 patients with primary CNS lymphoma were reviewed. The imaging and pathologic characteristics were tabulated and compared by using the standard tests for association in a two-dimensional contingency table. RESULTS: A total of 61 lesions were present in 23 patients; 12 patients (52%) had multiple lesions. All lesions were isointense or hypointense on T1-weighted images, and 53% were isointense or hypointense on T2-weighted images. Twenty patients received intravenous contrast material, and 43 (91%) of 47 lesions enhanced. The three patients who had nonenhancing lesions received steroids before the initial MR studies. Enhancement patterns differed between the immunocompetent and the immunocompromised hosts, with the latter group harboring a higher percentage of rim-enhancing lesions. Twenty-seven (44%) of the lesions were centered in a cerebral hemisphere and 14 (23%) were centered in the central gray matter. There was a statistically significant correlation between a higher degree of necrosis histologically and hyperintensity on T2-weighted MR images. The degree of necrosis also showed a positive correlation with rim enhancement. CONCLUSIONS: Primary CNS lymphoma has a variable MR appearance that correlates with the severity of intratumoral necrosis. These imaging characteristics, as well as lesion location, mean lesion size, and proclivity to harbor necrosis, are altered in the immunocompromised host. C1 ST JOSEPHS HOSP,DIV NEURORADIOL,BARROW NEUROL INST,PHOENIX,AZ. ST JOSEPHS HOSP,DIV NEUROPATHOL,BARROW NEUROL INST,PHOENIX,AZ. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH,TEMPE,AZ 85287. RP Johnson, BA (reprint author), DAVID GRANT MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,NEURORADIOL SECT SGSX,101 BODIN CIRCLE,TRAVIS AFB,CA 94535, USA. NR 21 TC 111 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI OAK BROOK PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0195-6108 J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 18 IS 3 BP 563 EP 572 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WQ523 UT WOS:A1997WQ52300031 PM 9090424 ER PT J AU Goetz, DW Webb, EL Whisman, BA Freeman, TM AF Goetz, DW Webb, EL Whisman, BA Freeman, TM TI Aeroallergen-specific IgE changes in individuals with rapid human immunodeficiency virus disease progression SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID B-CELL ACTIVATION; SERUM IGE; HIV INFECTION; SOLUBLE CD23; INTERLEUKIN-4; ELEVATION; GAMMA; MANIFESTATIONS; LYMPHOCYTES; INTERFERON AB Background: Progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with elevated total IgE; however, previous cross-sectional studies have differed in their assessment of concurrent changes in allergic disease prevalence. Objective: Assessment of changes in aeroallergen-specific IgE during progression from early to late HIV disease. Methods: Total IgE, aeroallergen-specific IgE (rye grass, ragweed, Alternaria, dust mite, and cat), IFN-gamma, IL-4, and soluble CD23 (sCD23) were measured in a longitudinal study of 20 subject who had progressed from early-HIV infection (mean CD4 lymphocyte count of 650/mm(3)) to AIDS (mean CD4 lymphocyte count of 40/mm(3)) over an average of 4 years. Results: Prevalence of positive aeroallergen specific-IgE assays in early HIV disease (II subjects with 13 positives) decreased with progression to late disease (five subjects with nine positives, P = .057), while total IgE increased from a median of 69 to 116 IU/mL. IFN-gamma and IL-4 were unchanged, while sCD23 decreased from a median of 72 to 9 U/mL (P = .0005) with disease progression in the full cohort. In contrast to other subjects, the subgroup of individuals with total IgE > 150 IU/mL in both early and late HIV disease demonstrated an increased frequency of aeroallergen-specific IgE. Conclusions: The elevation of total IgE associated with rapid HIV-1 disease progression was unexplained by concurrent changes in aeroallergen-specific IgE, IL-4, IFN-gamma, or sCD23. Overall, aeroallergen-specific IgE expression was less prevalent with HIV-1 progression, except in those individuals with elevated total IgE both before and after progression to AIDS. RP Goetz, DW (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,PSMA,DEPT ALLERGY IMMUNOL,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 78 IS 3 BP 301 EP 306 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WP184 UT WOS:A1997WP18400011 PM 9087157 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, JC Buttler, GW Confer, PD AF Lipscomb, JC Buttler, GW Confer, PD TI Chloral hydrate formation in the Japanese medaka minnow SO ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial International Symposium on Alternatives in the Assessment of Toxicity CY JUN 12-14, 1996 CL EDGEWOOD ARSENAL, ABEERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD HO EDGEWOOD ARSENAL ID DICHLOROACETIC ACID; RAT-LIVER; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; METABOLISM; HEPATOTOXICITY; ENHANCEMENT; ETHANOL; PERCHLOROETHYLENE; BENZENE; TOLUENE AB Trichloroethylene (TRI) is a common groundwater contaminant that has been shown to be tumorigenic and toxic in laboratory animals. The toxicity of TRI is increased by inducing the production of cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolites. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 metabolizes TRI in mammals; however, this isoform of CYP2E1 does not appear to be expressed in fish. Medaka microsomal protein containing CW was exposed to TRI and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was analyzed using gas chromatography (liquid injection) with an electron capture detector and separately using mass spectrometry. The formation of chloral hydrate, a precursor of toxic metabolites, was confirmed following exposure of hepatic microsomes of the medaka to TRI. These results indicate that medaka catalyze the first step in the formation of toxic metabolites and CYP forms in addition to CYP2E1 which catalyzes this reaction in fish. C1 USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,DIV TOXICOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,DAYTON,OH 45437. GEOCENTERS INC,NEWTON,MA 02159. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST CLINICAL SCIENCE INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1833 DELANCEY PLACE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 SN 0091-7370 J9 ANN CLIN LAB SCI JI Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA WR909 UT WOS:A1997WR90900009 PM 9098516 ER PT J AU Love, GD AF Love, GD TI Wave-front correction and production of Zernike modes with a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE liquid crystals; spatial light modulators; adaptive optics ID ADAPTIVE-OPTICS; COMPENSATION AB I describe a nematic liquid-crystal spatial light modulator that can be used as a high-precision wave-front control device. I present results showing the open-loop correction of wave-front aberrations and demonstrate wave-front shaping by the production and quantification of the first 15 significant Zernike terms. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV DURHAM,DEPT PHYS,ADAPT OPT GRP,DURHAM DH1 3LE,ENGLAND. RP Love, GD (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,3550 ABERDEEN SE PL-LIMS,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. RI Love, Gordon/A-3071-2011 OI Love, Gordon/0000-0001-5137-9434 NR 23 TC 221 Z9 241 U1 4 U2 42 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1517 EP 1524 DI 10.1364/AO.36.001517 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA WK398 UT WOS:A1997WK39800014 PM 18250829 ER PT J AU Hammer, DX Noojin, GD Thomas, RJ Clary, CE Rockwell, BA Toth, CA Roach, WP AF Hammer, DX Noojin, GD Thomas, RJ Clary, CE Rockwell, BA Toth, CA Roach, WP TI Intraocular laser surgical probe for membrane disruption by laser-induced breakdown SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE laser-induced breakdown; plasma; ophthalmic surgery; gradient index lens; shock wave; cavitation bubble; collateral damage ID TRACTION RETINAL-DETACHMENT; NEODYMIUM-YAG LASER; FIRST-ORDER MODEL; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY; EXCIMER-LASER; VITRECTOMY; RADIATION; SURGERY; LENS AB A fiber probe has been designed as a surgical aid to cut intraocular membranes with laser-induced breakdown as the mechanism. The design of the intraocular laser surgical probe is discussed. A preliminary retinal damage distance has been calculated with breakdown threshold, spot size, and shielding measurements. Collateral mechanical-damage effects caused by shock wave and cavitation are discussed. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. DUKE UNIV,CTR EYE,DURHAM,NC 27710. TASC,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78228. RI toth, cynthia/F-5614-2011 NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1684 EP 1693 DI 10.1364/AO.36.001684 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA WK398 UT WOS:A1997WK39800040 PM 18250855 ER PT J AU Hardy, JC Leonard, F AF Hardy, JC Leonard, F TI Aortic valve replacement in a United States Air Force pilot: Case report and literature review SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HOMOGRAFT VALVE; POSITION; FREEHAND AB We report the first case of a United States Air Force pilot returned to flying status after cardiac valve replacement. A 34-yr-old C-130 pilot underwent placement of an aortic valve homograft as a result of an episode of acute bacterial endocarditis on a bicuspid aortic valve. After a period of observation and a careful evaluation, he was returned to flying status in low-C aircraft. While cardiac valve replacement has traditionally been considered disqualifying for military aviation duties, aortic valve homografts have been associated with a lower morbidity and a significantly improved prognosis when compared to the other types of prosthetic heart valves. With careful evaluation and close follow-up, military aviators with aortic valve homografts can be considered for return to flying duties in low-G aircraft. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. RP Hardy, JC (reprint author), USAF,MC,AL,AOCI,DIV CLIN SCI,2507 KENNEDY CIRCLE,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 68 IS 3 BP 221 EP 224 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA WK695 UT WOS:A1997WK69500008 PM 9056031 ER PT J AU Michaud, VJ AF Michaud, VJ TI Chronic glomerulonephritis: Medical and aeromedical disposition SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-PRESSURE CONTROL; IGA NEPHROPATHY; RENAL-DISEASE; PROTEINURIA; PROGRESSION; DIET AB A case of presumptive IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in an aircrew member is presented. IgAN is a common form of glomerulonephritis associated with IgA deposits in the mesangium of the kidney. Although in the past progression of IgAN was thought to be infrequent, it is now known to lead to end-stage renal disease in 30-35% of patients. In most cases, the presence of IgAN does not represent a risk of sudden incapacitation to aviators. Nevertheless, the significant risk of eventual progression requires adequate follow-up for the patient's welfare as well as the maintenance of aeromedical fitness. Although as a flight surgeon it is often tempting to focus on the question of flight status when evaluating a specific condition, the primary responsibility of any physician is to his or her patient's well-being. C1 USAF,SCH AEROSP MED,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 68 IS 3 BP 225 EP 227 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA WK695 UT WOS:A1997WK69500009 PM 9056032 ER PT J AU Naboulsi, S Mall, S AF Naboulsi, S Mall, S TI Characterization of fatigue crack growth in aluminium panels with a bonded composite patch SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB This study introduces an analytical procedure to characterize the fatigue crack growth behavior in an aluminium panel repaired with a bonded composite patch. This procedure involves the computation of the stress intensity factor from a two-dimensional finite element method consisting of three layers to model cracked plate, adhesive and composite patch. In this three layer finite element analysis, as recently introduced by the authors, two-dimensional Mindlin plate elements with transverse shear deformation capability are used. The computed stress intensity factor is then compared with the experimental counterpart. The latter was obtained from the measured fatigue crack growth rate of an aluminium panel with a bonded patch by using the power law relationship (Paris Law) of an unpatched aluminum panel. Both a completely bonded patch (with no debond) and a partially bonded patch (with debond) are investigated in this study. This procedure, thus, provides an effective and reliable technique to predict the fatigue life of a repaired structure with a bonded patch, or alternatively, it can be used to design the bonded composite patch configuration to enhance the fatigue life of cracked structure. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 334 DI 10.1016/S0263-8223(98)80003-2 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA YG227 UT WOS:A1997YG22700004 ER PT J AU AllenKing, RM Halket, RM Burris, DR AF AllenKing, RM Halket, RM Burris, DR TI Reductive transformation and sorption of cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethene in a metallic iron-water system SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sorption; reduction dichloroethenes; zero-valent iron; chlorinated solvents AB Reductive transformation kinetic and sorption coefficients were determined for both cis- and trans-1.2-dichloroethene (DCE) in batch systems with zero-valent iron and water. Sorption quasi-equilibrium occurred rapidly (<1.1 hi for both compounds. Freundlich-type isotherms adequately described sorption over the measured concentration range. The magnitude of sorption was greater for trans-1,2-DCE than for the more soluble cis-1,2-DCE, indicating a possible influence of hydrophobicity. The trans-isomer was more reactive than the cis-isomer. The reaction order (95% confidence intervals) for trans-1,2-DCE was 1.22 (0.97-1.48), and for cis-1,2-DCE was 1.77 (0.92-2.63) and 1.64 (1.05-2.23) in relatively high and low initial concentration experiments, respectively. The fact that the reaction order for the cis-isomer could not be reduced to unity by assuming that the bulk of observed sorption was to nonreactive sorption sites suggests that either the assumption may not be valid or that a more complex process exists for this isomer. Chloride was produced by the transformation reaction and chlorine mass balances for the batch systems were 80 to 85%. Other products observed were acetylene, ethene, ethane, C-3-C-5 alkanes, and vinyl chloride. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,AL,EQC,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. RP AllenKing, RM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 13 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 16 IS 3 BP 424 EP 429 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016<0424:RTASOC>2.3.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA WN508 UT WOS:A1997WN50800005 ER PT J AU Gupta, RC Albanese, RA Penn, JW White, TJ AF Gupta, RC Albanese, RA Penn, JW White, TJ TI Bayesian estimation of relative risk in biomedical research SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Air Force Health Study; confidence intervals; beta priors; restricted uniform priors ID 2 BINOMIAL PROPORTIONS; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; RATIO; LIMITS AB The relative risk is an important parameter in certain epidemiological studies. It is given by the ratio of the rates of developing a certain disease between the exposed and the control group. This paper deals with the Bayesian estimation of the relative risk using: (a) uniform [0,1] priors; (b) restricted uniform priors; (c) beta priors. The appropriateness of such priors is discussed in the medical setting and analytical expressions are obtained for the distributions of the relative risk in the above three cases. Data taken from the Air Force Health study are analysed and 95 per cent confidence limits are presented for the three types of priors. Finally, for the Bayesian intervals, the estimated probabilities that the relative risk is greater than 1 are exhibited. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. QUESTECH INC,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. RP Gupta, RC (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,DEPT MATH & STAT,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 8 IS 2 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-095X(199703)8:2<133::AID-ENV243>3.0.CO;2-H PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA WX457 UT WOS:A1997WX45700005 ER PT J AU Gruber, MR Nejad, AS Chen, TH Dutton, JC AF Gruber, MR Nejad, AS Chen, TH Dutton, JC TI Large structure convection velocity measurements in compressible transverse injection flowfields SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURES; JETS; FLOW AB Temporally correlated Rayleigh/Mie scattering images were used to examine the convection characteristics of the large-scale vortex structures developing in flowfields created by sonic transverse injection through circular and elliptical nozzles into a Mach 1.98 crossflow. Both compressibility and injector geometry were found to have significant influences on the convection characteristics of the large eddies. High compressibility injection cases produce eddies having dramatically larger near-field convection velocities than those in low compressibility cases. Farther downstream, the large-scale vortices tend to travel at velocities nearer the freestream veocity. Injector geometry primarily affects the near-field behavior. C1 TAITECH INC,BEAVERCREEK,OH 45440. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Gruber, MR (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,POPT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD MAR PY 1997 VL 22 IS 5 BP 397 EP 407 DI 10.1007/s003480050066 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA WQ413 UT WOS:A1997WQ41300006 ER PT J AU Abadi, J AF Abadi, J TI The gates of Gaza: Israel's road to Suez and back, 1955-1957 - BarOn,M SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review RP Abadi, J (reprint author), USAF ACAD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHI ALPHA THETA PI ALLENTOWN PA THE HISTORIAN 50 COLLEGE DR, ALLENTOWN, PA 18104-6100 SN 0018-2370 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD SPR PY 1997 VL 59 IS 3 BP 642 EP 642 PG 1 WC History SC History GA XF520 UT WOS:A1997XF52000011 ER PT J AU Morkoc, H AF Morkoc, H TI The global wireless Web - As it grows, so will the need for compound semiconductor components SO IEEE CIRCUITS & DEVICES LA English DT Article ID PCS APPLICATIONS; POWER RP Morkoc, H (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 8755-3996 J9 IEEE CIRCUITS DEVICE JI IEEE Circuits Devices PD MAR PY 1997 VL 13 IS 2 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.1109/101.583611 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA WU753 UT WOS:A1997WU75300007 ER PT J AU Nicholson, JW Bienfang, J Rudolph, W Hager, G AF Nicholson, JW Bienfang, J Rudolph, W Hager, G TI Intrinsic gigahertz modulation of photolytic iodine lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE gas lasers; index terms; iodine materials/devices; optical frequency conversion; optical radar ID MIRROR AB A photolytic iodine laser is shown to have a 13.59-GHz modulation in the laser radiation when simultaneous lasing of two hyperfine transitions is obtained, The necessary gain tuning required to achieve dual-line lasing is accomplished through the use of a magnetic field. In addition, we investigate the possibility of using a nonlinear mirror to increase the gain coupling between the two transitions. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Nicholson, JW (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. RI Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 3 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.1109/3.555999 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA WK545 UT WOS:A1997WK54500006 ER PT J AU Marciante, JR vanTartwijk, GHM Agrawal, GP AF Marciante, JR vanTartwijk, GHM Agrawal, GP TI Spatial feedback effects in narrow-stripe index-guided semiconductor lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE beam profile; Gaussian beams; optical alignment; optical beams; optical communication; optical feedback; optical waveguides; semiconductor lasers ID OPTICAL-FEEDBACK; COHERENCE COLLAPSE; MODE AB We demonstrate experimentally that spatial effects of feedback are important in determining the operating characteristics of index-guided semiconductor lasers, It is in fact the inflexibility of the index-guided mode that makes the laser susceptible to small misalignments of the external cavity, which can induce power variations of nearly 40% of the solitary laser power with feedback levels of less than 2% (-17 dB), With a simple model, we calculate the modification of the feedback wavefront as a function of the external cavity length and shelf that the power variations are induced through changes in the cavity loss brought on by the interference of the feedback field with the field reflected off the laser facet, By experimental comparison to a partly gain-guided laser, we conclude that these large-scale variations will be significantly reduced or absent in purely gain-guided lasers. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SEMICOND LASER BRANCH,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Marciante, JR (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER,INST OPT,ROCHESTER,NY 14627, USA. RI Agrawal, Govind/D-5380-2013 OI Agrawal, Govind/0000-0003-4486-8533 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 33 IS 3 BP 469 EP 473 DI 10.1109/3.556017 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA WK545 UT WOS:A1997WK54500024 ER PT J AU Gallant, DJ Tilton, ML Bossert, DJ Barrie, JD Dente, GC AF Gallant, DJ Tilton, ML Bossert, DJ Barrie, JD Dente, GC TI Optimized single-layer antireflection coatings for semiconductor lasers SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE antireflection coating; facet coating ID OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS; FACET REFLECTIVITY AB We describe a method for determining the optimum coating parameters for a singlelayer antireflection (AR) facet coating design. Single-layer AR coatings were deposited on broad-area single-quantum-well semiconductor lasers. Experimental and theoretical results indicate power reflectivities on the order of 5 x 10(-6). C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,LIDA,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87185. GCD ASSOCIATES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87110. RP Gallant, DJ (reprint author), ROCKWELL POWER SYST CO,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87185, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 300 EP 302 DI 10.1109/68.556053 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA WJ318 UT WOS:A1997WJ31800011 ER PT J AU Riggins, RN Ribbens, WB AF Riggins, RN Ribbens, WB TI Designed inputs for detection and isolation of failures in the state transition matrices of dynamic systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A new failure detection and isolation algorithm is presented for linear time-invariant deterministic systems, In particular, the technique exploits the system inputs to distinguish between a change in the state transition matrix and actuator failures, including output equivalent events, It is assumed that a failure has been detected previously by some other method, such as by a failure detection filter, Previous methods that attempted to isolate changes in the state transition matrix did not use the input in any way and required explicit knowledge of the changed parameter values (e.g., the multiple model method), The designed input method presented in this paper requires only the knowledge of the null spares of the changed parameter matrices, not of the explicit values of the changed parameters, This feature allows the failure detection and isolation (FDI) algorithm based on designed inputs to isolate partially unknown changes in the state transition matrix, a distinct advantage over other methods in terms of computational efficiency, Detailed design procedures are accompanied by an example that illustrates the input design method, The example uses designed inputs to distinguish between changes in the state transition parameters of an AFTI/F-16 model from nearly output equivalent actuator calibration errors. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1063-6536 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 5 IS 2 BP 149 EP 162 DI 10.1109/87.556021 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA WK547 UT WOS:A1997WK54700001 ER PT J AU Poelman, CJ Kanade, T AF Poelman, CJ Kanade, T TI A paraperspective factorization method for shape and motion recovery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE motion analysis; shape recovery; factorization method; three-dimensional vision; image sequence analysis; singular value decomposition ID IMAGE AB The factorization method, first developed by Tomasi and Kanade, recovers both the shape of an object and its motion from a sequence of images, using many images and tracking many feature points to obtain highly redundant feature position information. The method robustly processes the feature trajectory information using singular value decomposition (SVD), taking advantage of the linear algebraic properties of orthographic projection. However, an orthographic formulation limits the range of motions the method can accommodate. Paraperspective projection, first introduced by Ohta, is a projection model that closely approximates perspective projection by modeling several effects not modeled under orthographic projection, while retaining linear algebraic properties. Our paraperspective factorization method can be applied to a much wider range of motion scenarios, including image sequences containing motion toward the camera and aerial image sequences of terrain taken from a low-altitude airplane. C1 CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,SCH COMP SCI,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. RP Poelman, CJ (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SATELLITE ASSESSMENT CTR,WSAT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87117, USA. NR 16 TC 203 Z9 212 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 19 IS 3 BP 206 EP 218 DI 10.1109/34.584098 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA WR582 UT WOS:A1997WR58200002 ER PT J AU Stonebraker, JS Sage, JJ Leak, BL AF Stonebraker, JS Sage, JJ Leak, BL TI Decision analysis provides insight to Ford Microelectronics Incorporated SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article C1 USAF,INFORMAT WARFARE CTR,SYST ANAL VULNERABIL OFF,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78243. FORD MICROELECT INC,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80921. RP Stonebraker, JS (reprint author), HEADQUARTERS AIR MOBIL COMMAND QUAL OFF,102 E MARTIN ST,ROOM 119,SCOTT AFB,IL 62225, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 108 EP 111 PG 4 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA XA247 UT WOS:A1997XA24700010 ER PT J AU Yih, KA AF Yih, KA TI The effect of transpiration on coupled heat and mass transfer in mixed convection over a vertical plate embedded in a saturated porous medium SO INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-CONVECTION; SURFACES AB Effect of transpiration velocity on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of mixed convection about a permeable vertical plate embedded in a saturated porous medium under the coupled effects of thermal and mass diffusion is numerically analyzed. The plate is maintained at a uniform temperature and species concentration with constant transpiration velocity. The transformed governing equations are solved by Keller box method. Numerical results for the local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number are presented. In general, it has been found for thermally assisted flow that the local surface heat and mass transfer rates increase owing to suction of fluid. This trend reversed for blowing of fluid. It is apparent that the Lewis number has a pronounced effect on the local Sherwood number than it does on the local Nusselt number. Increasing the Lewis number decreases(increases) the local heat(mass) transfer rate. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Yih, KA (reprint author), USAF,INST AERONAUT TECHNOL,DEPT GEN COURSE,KAOHSHIUANG 820,TAIWAN. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0735-1933 J9 INT COMMUN HEAT MASS JI Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 24 IS 2 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1016/S0735-1933(97)00012-2 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA WM026 UT WOS:A1997WM02600012 ER PT J AU Baird, JK Hough, GR King, TR AF Baird, JK Hough, GR King, TR TI Velocity dependence of impact fluorescence SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE impact Bash; shock waves; hypervelocity; Planck radiation AB When a hypervelocity projectile with velocity, v, strikes a target, there is a visible flash of impact fluorscence. If the radiation and the material are in thermodynamic equilibrium, the ''intensity,'' I, of the light obeys the power law, I similar to v(n). The integer, n, depends not only upon the wavelength observed but also upon whether I is the energy flux or the photon flux. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT CHEM,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 19 IS 3 BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(96)00039-5 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA WG052 UT WOS:A1997WG05200005 ER PT J AU Fogleman, R AF Fogleman, R TI The future of the Air Force SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Fogleman, R (reprint author), USAF,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA WT382 UT WOS:A1997WT38200002 ER PT J AU Widnall, SE AF Widnall, SE TI The future of the Air Force SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Widnall, SE (reprint author), USAF,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA WT382 UT WOS:A1997WT38200001 ER PT J AU Jumper, JP AF Jumper, JP TI The future of the Air Force SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Jumper, JP (reprint author), USAF,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA WT382 UT WOS:A1997WT38200003 ER PT J AU Clark, DC Feigenbaum, EA Hartmanis, J Lucky, RW Metcalfe, R Reddy, R Shaw, M AF Clark, DC Feigenbaum, EA Hartmanis, J Lucky, RW Metcalfe, R Reddy, R Shaw, M TI Roundtable: The future of computing and telecommunications SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF,WASHINGTON,DC. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. BELLCORE,MORRISTOWN,NJ 07960. AT&T BELL LABS,COMMUN SCI RES DIV,NAPERVILLE,IL 60566. INT DATA GRP,BOSTON,MA. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,SCH COMP SCI,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. RP Clark, DC (reprint author), MIT,COMP SCI LAB,77 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 71 EP 78 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA WT382 UT WOS:A1997WT38200030 ER PT J AU Schuermeyer, F Cerny, C Bozada, C Fang, ZQ Look, DC AF Schuermeyer, F Cerny, C Bozada, C Fang, ZQ Look, DC TI Charge storage effects in pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials (SSDM 96) CY AUG 26-29, 1996 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys DE charge storage; PHEMT; quantum well; photoconduction; photoelectric; absorption AB We present for the first time results on charging effects in fully fabricated pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (PHEMTs), using in-situ, photoemission and conduction (PEC) studies. The experiments were performed on GaAs based FETs with strained InGaAs channels. These studies evaluate hole storage in the channel area which modifies the threshold voltage of the field effect transistors (FETs). Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements were performed and the results compared to the data obtain from the photo studies. Understanding of hole storage is of significance in modeling the devices since holes are attracted towards the channel when the device is pinched off. C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DAYTON,OH 45435. RP Schuermeyer, F (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AADD,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO 105, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3B BP 1330 EP 1334 DI 10.1143/JJAP.36.1330 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WT457 UT WOS:A1997WT45700004 ER PT J AU Carroll, KW Feller, JF Tirman, PFJ AF Carroll, KW Feller, JF Tirman, PFJ TI Useful internal standards for distinguishing infiltrative marrow pathology from hematopoietic marrow at MRI SO JMRI-JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING LA English DT Article DE bone marrow, MR; magnetic resonance; spine, intervertebral disks; muscles, MR ID BONE-MARROW; DISEASES; PATTERNS; IMAGES; SPINE AB The objective of this study was to establish internal standards on MRI differentiating infiltrative marrow pathology from hematopoietic marrow, The T1-weighted images of 74 patients (51 biopsy-proven; 23 clinical follow-up) were reviewed retrospectively The relative signal intensity of bone marrow was compared to adjacent skeletal muscle (n = 65) and/or nondegenerated intervertebral disk (n = 53). Twenty foci were hyperintense compared to muscle, of which 17 (85%) cases represented normal red marrow (P < .0001); 45 were isointense or hypointense compared to muscle, of which 44 (98%) represented infiltrative marrow processes (P < .0001), Twelve were hyperintense compared to disk, of which 12 (100%) represented normal red marrow (P < .0001); 41 were isointense or hypointense compared to disk, of which 40 (98%) represented infiltrative marrow processes (P .0001). On T1-weighted spin-echo MRI, skeletal muscle and intervertebral disk may serve as internal standards for differentiating infiltrative pathology from normal hematopoietic marrow, Marrow lesions that are relatively isointense or hypointense to muscle and/or disk should not be considered normal hematopoietic marrow. RP Carroll, KW (reprint author), DAVID GRANT MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,60 MDSS-SGSX,101 BODIN CIRCLE,TRAVIS AFB,CA 94535, USA. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING PI EASTON PA 1991 NORTHAMPTON ST, EASTON, PA 18042-3189 SN 1053-1807 J9 JMRI-J MAGN RESON IM JI JMRI-J. Magn. Reson. Imaging PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 7 IS 2 BP 394 EP 398 DI 10.1002/jmri.1880070224 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WP118 UT WOS:A1997WP11800023 PM 9090597 ER PT J AU Varshney, U Eichelberger, BD Neal, JA Churchill, RJ Ngo, KDT Thibodeaux, RJ AF Varshney, U Eichelberger, BD Neal, JA Churchill, RJ Ngo, KDT Thibodeaux, RJ TI Monolithic magnetic modules for DC-DC power converters SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Ferrites (ICF 7) CY SEP 03-06, 1996 CL BORDEAUX, FRANCE AB Advances in planar magnetic technology have resulted in the development of high speed, high power density, magnetic components for use in electrical power converters. In particular, the use of such components will result in a substantial reduction in transformer and inductor volumes, and will encourage development of low-profile, lightweight, efficient power converters that conform readily to printed circuit topologies. This paper describes a single, plasma-spray fabrication process, which overcomes many of the problems associated with integration of components produced by multiple manufacturers. The feasibility of monolithic magnetic technology has been shown by integrating all the magnetic components of a 100 Watt, 1 MHz, DC-DC forward converter into a single, monolithic, non-magnetic module, 51 mm x 51 mm x 5 mm. The process involves plasma deposition of variable-permeability, ultra-low-loss, substituted ferrites that serve as cores for magnetic components. Nonmagnetic regions of the modules serve as windings windows, inductor air gaps, isolations or as mounting substrate for other system components. The significance of the technology is its compatibility with semiconductor integrated circuitry, increased volumetric package efficiency, and reduction of overall manufacturing cost, size and weight of power electronic systems. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ELECT ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USAF,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Varshney, U (reprint author), AMER RES CORP VIRGINIA,1509 4TH ST,RADFORD,VA 24143, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD MAR PY 1997 VL 7 IS C1 BP 147 EP 148 DI 10.1051/jp4:1997151 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XE529 UT WOS:A1997XE52900055 ER PT J AU DeAngelis, BC Loth, E Lankford, D Bartlett, CS AF DeAngelis, BC Loth, E Lankford, D Bartlett, CS TI Simulations of turbulent droplet dispersion in wind-tunnel icing clouds SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study was to implement and test a computational methodology designed for robust and accurate prediction of spray-bar droplet dispersion for aeropropulsion icing tests, The three-dimensional methodology combines the NPARC code and a modified KIVA-II code (K-ICE), A validation study was completed to test the stochastic eddy model for turbulent dispersion calculations, Parametric studies were completed on an extracted domain slice of an NPARC air flowfield solution for an aeropropulsion test cell, The parametric studies tested the influence of computational, spray, vapor, and tunnel characteristics on liquid water content (LWC) spatial distribution, Results showed the strong sensitivity of LWC uniformity to turbulent kinetic energy, and initial droplet velocity and temperature, In addition, two calculations were performed on the full domain solution with two different nozzle spray arrangements, The predicted accretion patterns were similar to those found experimentally, although high-resolution simulations showed that LWC distributions at the test section can exhibit significant nonuniformity on small spatial scales. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,AERONAUT & ASTRON ENGN,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389. RI Loth, Eric/C-5805-2008 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 34 IS 2 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.2514/2.2159 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WQ862 UT WOS:A1997WQ86200010 ER PT J AU Hu, SF Pagano, NJ AF Hu, SF Pagano, NJ TI On the use of a plane-strain model to solve generalized plane-strain problems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID INDUCED RESIDUAL-STRESSES AB Many composite problems are generalized plane strain in nature. They are often solved using three-dimensional finite element analyses. We propose a technique to solve these problems with a plane-strain model, which is achieved by introducing some artificial out-of-plane thermal strains in a two-dimensional finite element analysis. These artificial thermal strains are chosen such that an identical stress field is obtained, while the actual strains and displacements can also be determined. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 1997 VL 64 IS 1 BP 236 EP 238 DI 10.1115/1.2787280 PG 3 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA WV163 UT WOS:A1997WV16300033 ER PT J AU Smith, EA Kimmel, EC English, JH Bowen, LE Reboulet, JE Carpenter, RL AF Smith, EA Kimmel, EC English, JH Bowen, LE Reboulet, JE Carpenter, RL TI Evaluation of the respiratory tract after acute exposure to a pyrotechnically generated aerosol fire suppressant SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire suppressant; aerosol; pulmonary edema AB Fischer 344 rats (250-300 g) were exposed to the resulting aerosols from the pyrolysis of Spectrex Fire Extinguishant (SFE) Formulation A, a pyrotechnically generated aerosol fire suppressant, at a loading equivalent of 50 or 80 g m(-3) air for 15 or 60 min, Exposures were conducted in a 700-1 whole-body inhalation chamber under static conditions, The chamber atmosphere was analyzed for mass aerosol concentration and size distribution. Clinical observations were taken throughout the exposure, Animals were euthanized at 1 h, 6 h, 24 h, 7 days or 14 days post-exposure and underwent histopathological examination, enzyme analyses and wet/dry lung weight determination, No deaths occurred during the study, Animals exhibited signs of dyspnea, coughing, lack of coordination and lethargy during each exposure, These signs became more pronounced as the load and exposure length increased, No lesions were noted in the trachea, lung, heart or abdominal organs upon gross examination, A reversible pulmonary edema and olfactory necrosis were observed only in those animals exposed to an SFE loading equivalent to 80 g m(-3) for 60 min. Protein concentrations increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage but no changes in enzyme levels were observed, There was no significant difference between the control groups and the exposure groups for wet/dry lung weight determination. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Smith, EA (reprint author), USAF,MED RES INST DETACHMENT TOXICOL,BLDG 433,AREA B,2612 5TH ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 17 IS 2 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199703)17:2<95::AID-JAT422>3.0.CO;2-M PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA XC282 UT WOS:A1997XC28200001 PM 9183052 ER PT J AU Harville, DL AF Harville, DL TI Employment test usage as a predictor of gross domestic product SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VALIDITY; UTILITY AB The relationship between the usage of employment tests-particularly ability tests-and job performance criteria has been extensively studied. The usage of testing was reported to have declined after the landmark personnel selection case Griggs (1971). Models of selection utility were reviewed, and an ecological systems theory of test incidence and the American economy was developed. For both ability tests and non-personality employment tests, a positive relationship was hypothesized between the historical incidence of firms using tests and American Gross Domestic Product. Using historical survey and economic data, results were consistent with the hypothesis involving ability testing incidence. RP Harville, DL (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,HRMJ,7909 LINDBERG DR,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMAN SCI PRESS INC PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 SN 0889-3268 J9 J BUS PSYCHOL JI J. Bus. Psychol. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 399 EP 408 DI 10.1007/BF02195902 PG 10 WC Business; Psychology, Applied SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA WJ862 UT WOS:A1997WJ86200007 ER PT J AU Kaspi, R Cooley, WT Evans, KR AF Kaspi, R Cooley, WT Evans, KR TI In situ composition control of III-As1-xSbx alloys during molecular beam epitaxy using line-of-sight mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; MBE AB The interaction of a Sb-2 molecular beam with the film surface during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of GaAs1-xSbx layers was monitored by a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) positioned in line-of-sight of the substrate. It was observed that the QMS signal from the monomeric Sb-species (mass/q = 121 or 123 amu/e) is proportional to the total Sb-flux leaving the film surface within a wide range of temperatures and surface composition. This enabled the accurate determination of the antimony incorporation coefficient, sigma(Sb), and consequently the Sb-mole fraction during growth. Due to its applicability in growth conditions where sigma(Sb) is less than unity, this compositional monitoring technique expands the practical range of MBE growth parameters for III-As1-xSbx alloy growth. Real-time in situ control of alloy composition was demonstrated by implementing a feedback control scheme based on the QMS Sb signal. GaAs1-xSbx alloys in which the Sb-fraction varied in a controlled manner in the direction of growth were deposited. RP Kaspi, R (reprint author), AADP,WRIGHT LAB,AV DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR PY 1997 VL 173 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 13 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(96)00781-6 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA WT163 UT WOS:A1997WT16300002 ER PT J AU Inciardi, JA Martin, SS Butzin, CA Hooper, RM Harrison, LD AF Inciardi, JA Martin, SS Butzin, CA Hooper, RM Harrison, LD TI An effective model of prison-based treatment for drug-involved offenders SO JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES LA English DT Article ID THERAPEUTIC-COMMUNITY; STREET CRIME; ADDICTS; WOMEN; CRACK; ABUSE AB A multistage therapeutic community treatment system has been instituted in the Delaware correctional system, and its effectiveness has captured the attention of the National institutes of Health, the Department of Justice, members of Congress, and the White House. Treatment occurs in a three-stage system, with each phase corresponding to the client's changing correctional status-incarceration, work release, and parole. In this paper, 18 month follow-up data are analyzed for those who received treatment in: (1) a prison-based therapeutic community only, (2) a work release therapeutic community-followed by aftercare, and (3) the prison-based therapeutic community followed by the work release therapeutic community and aftercare. These groups are compared with a no-treatment group. Those receiving treatment in the two-stage (work release and aftercare) and three-stage (prison, work release, and aftercare) models had significantly lower rates of drug relapse and criminal recidivism even when adjusted for other risk factors. The results support the effectiveness of a multistage therapeutic community, model for drug-involved offenders, and the importance of a work release transitional therapeutic community as a component of this model. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,CTR DRUG & ALCOHOL STUDIES,NEWARK,DE 19716. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT SOCIOL & CRIMINAL JUSTISE,NEWARK,DE 19716. UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,CORAL GABLES,FL 33124. STATE UNIV RIO DE JANEIRO,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV FED RIO GRANDE SUL,DEPT PSYCHIAT,PORTO ALEGRE,RS,BRAZIL. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,CONSULTING DIV,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. RI McCarthy, Jodie/B-5760-2012 NR 43 TC 142 Z9 142 U1 4 U2 22 PU J DRUG ISSUES INC PI TALLAHASSEE PA FLORIDA STATE UNIV, SCHOOL CRIMINOLOGY CRIMINAL JUSTICE, PO BOX 66696, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32313-6696 SN 0022-0426 J9 J DRUG ISSUES JI J. Drug Issues PD SPR PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 261 EP 278 PG 18 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA XH922 UT WOS:A1997XH92200005 ER PT J AU Sparks, AG Bernstein, DS AF Sparks, AG Bernstein, DS TI Optimal rejection of stochastic and deterministic disturbances SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SERVOMECHANISM PROBLEM; ROBUST-CONTROL; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB The problem of optimal H-2 rejection of noisy disturbances while asymptotically rejecting constant or sinusoidal disturbances is considered. The internal model principle is used to ensure that the expected value of the output approaches zero asymptotically in the presence of persistent deterministic disturbances. Necessary conditions are given for dynamic output feedback controllers that minimize an H-2 disturbance rejection cost plus an upper bound on the integral square output cost for transient performance. The necessary conditions provide expressions for the gradients of the cast with respect to each of the control gains. These expressions are then used in a quasi-Newton gradient search algorithm to find the optimal feedback gains. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT AEROSP ENGN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP Sparks, AG (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FIGC,WL,2210 8TH ST,SUITE 21,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0022-0434 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 1997 VL 119 IS 1 BP 140 EP 143 DI 10.1115/1.2801207 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA WN866 UT WOS:A1997WN86600028 ER PT J AU Mitchel, WC Evwaraye, AO Smith, SR Roth, MD AF Mitchel, WC Evwaraye, AO Smith, SR Roth, MD TI Hopping conduction in heavily doped bulk n-type SiC SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC) CY JUN 26-28, 1996 CL UNIV OF CALIF AT SANTA BARBARA, SANTA BARBARA, CA HO UNIV OF CALIF AT SANTA BARBARA DE admittance spectroscopy; Hall effect; hopping conduction; silicon carbide ID 6H-SILICON CARBIDE; NITROGEN DONORS AB The electronic properties of heavily doped n-type 4H, 6H, and 15R SiC have been studied with temperature dependent Hall effect, resistivity measurements, and thermal admittance spectroscopy experiments. Hopping conduction was observed in the resistivity experiments for samples with electron concentrations of 10(17) Cm-3 or higher. Both band and hopping conduction were observed in all three polytypes in resistivity and Hall effect experiments. The hopping conduction activation energy epsilon(3) obtained from the resistivity measurements varied from 0.003 to 0.013 eV. The epsilon(3) value obtained from thermal admittance spectroscopy measurements were slightly lower. The nitrogen ionization levels were observed by thermal admittance spectroscopy only in those samples where hopping conduction was not detected by this experiment. Free carrier activation energy E(a) for nitrogen was difficult to determine from temperature dependent Hall effect measurements because of the effects of hopping conduction. A new feature in the apparent carrier concentration vs inverse temperature data in the hopping regime was observed. C1 UNIV DAYTON,DEPT PHYS,DAYTON,OH 45469. UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP Mitchel, WC (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLPO,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s11664-997-0135-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA WN137 UT WOS:A1997WN13700003 ER PT J AU Kramer, AF Weber, TA Watson, SE AF Kramer, AF Weber, TA Watson, SE TI Object-based attentional selection - Grouped arrays or spatially invariant representations?: Comment on Vecera and Farah (1994) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL LA English DT Article ID VISUAL-ATTENTION; MOVING ATTENTION; FIELD; ORGANIZATION; INFORMATION; LOCATIONS; FOCUS; RECOGNITION; MOVEMENTS; MODEL AB S. P. Vecera and M. J. Farah (1994) have addressed the issue of whether visual attention selects objects or locations. They obtained data that they interpreted as evidence for attentional selection of objects from an internal spatially invariant representation. A. F. Kramer, T. A. Weber, and S. E. Watson question this interpretation on both theoretical and empirical grounds. First, the authors suggest that there are other interpretations of the Vecera and Farah data that are consistent with location-mediated selection of objects. Second, they provide data, using the displays employed by Vecera and Farah in conjunction with a postdisplay probe technique, that suggests that attention is directed to the locations of the target objects. The implications of the results for space and object-based attentional selection are discussed. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB, BROOKS AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kramer, AF (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS, BECKMAN INST, 405 N MATHEWS AVE, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG12203] NR 47 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0096-3445 J9 J EXP PSYCHOL GEN JI J. Exp. Psychol.-Gen. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 126 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1037/0096-3445.126.1.3 PG 11 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA WK576 UT WOS:A1997WK57600001 PM 9090141 ER PT J AU Kimmel, RL AF Kimmel, RL TI The effect of pressure gradients on transition zone length in hypersonic boundary layers SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Boundary layer transition was measured in zero, favorable, and adverse pressure gradients at Mach 8 using heat transfer. Models consisted of 7 degrees half angle forecones 0.4826 m long, followed by flared or ogive aft bodies 0.5334 m long. The flares and ogives produced constant pressure gradients. For the cases examined, favorable pressure gradients delay transition and adverse pressure gradients promote transition, but transition zone lengths are shorter in favorable pressure gradient. Results of the effect of adverse pressure gradient on transition zone lengths were inconclusive. RP Kimmel, RL (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AEROMECH DIV,2645 5TH ST STE 7,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 1997 VL 119 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1115/1.2819115 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA WT471 UT WOS:A1997WT47100006 ER PT J AU Puterbaugh, SL Copenhaver, WW AF Puterbaugh, SL Copenhaver, WW TI Flow field unsteadiness in the tip region of a transonic compressor rotor SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB An experimental investigation concerning tip flow field unsteadiness was performed for a high-performance, state-of-the-art transonic compressor rotor. Casing-mounted high frequency response pressure transducers were used to indicate both the ensemble averaged and time varying flow structure present in the tip region of the rotor at four different operating points at design speed. The ensemble averaged information revealed the shock structure as it evolved from a dual shock system at open throttle to an attached shock at peak efficiency to a detached orientation at near stall. Steady three-dimensional Navier Stokes analysis reveals the dominant flow structures in the tip region in support of the ensemble averaged measurements. A tip leakage vortex is evident at all operating points as regions of low static pressure and appears in the same location as the vortex found in the numerical solution. An unsteadiness parameter was calculated to quantify the unsteadiness in the tip cascade plane. In general, regions of peak unsteadiness appear near shocks and in the area interpreted as the shock-tip leakage vortex interaction. Local peaks of unsteadiness appear in mid-passage downstream of the shock-vortex interaction. Flow field features not evident in the ensemble averaged delta are examined via a Navier-Stokes solution obtained at the near stall operating point. RP Puterbaugh, SL (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 1997 VL 119 IS 1 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1115/1.2819097 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA WT471 UT WOS:A1997WT47100018 ER PT J AU Pocock, JB Liu, LY Tang, WH AF Pocock, JB Liu, LY Tang, WH TI Prediction of project performance based on degree of interaction SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS AB This paper demonstrates a direct relationship between designer/builder interaction and project performance, based on a large database. It also presents a predictive model to forecast project performance based on the planned level of interaction. Degree of interaction (DOI) is defined as the extent of interaction among designers, builders, and project team members during all project phases. As DOI scores rise, project performance quickly improves and becomes more consistent. Regression analysis of 38 recently completed projects shows a modest but significant correlation between DOI and project performance, including user satisfaction. Beyond a certain DOI score, performance tends to level off. Achieving this score takes only a modest increase in interaction. Threshold analysis separates the projects into those with DOI scores above and below this score. Performance is significantly better for projects with higher DOI in all areas except design deficiencies. Finally, these results are combined with statistical analysis to predict the performance of future projects based on their DOI scores. The probability of improved average performance on future projects with higher DOI scores is very strong. DOI scores can be used to predict ranges for expected cost growth, schedule growth, number of modifications, design deficiencies, and user satisfaction. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. HONG KONG UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CIVIL & STRUCT ENGN,HONG KONG,HONG KONG. RP Pocock, JB (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0742-597X J9 J MANAGE ENG JI J. Manage. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 13 IS 2 BP 63 EP 76 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(1997)13:2(63) PG 14 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA WJ845 UT WOS:A1997WJ84500025 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, S Matikas, TE Karpur, P AF Krishnamurthy, S Matikas, TE Karpur, P TI Role of matrix microstructure in the ultrasonic characterization of fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This work deals with the application of ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation for characterizing fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites, The method involved the use of a recently developed technique in which the fiber reinforcement acts as a reflector to incident ultrasonic shear waves, Single fiber and multifiber, single ply composites consisting of SiC fibers in several titanium alloy matrices were investigated. The ultrasonic images obtained were correlated with the results of metallographic characterization of the composites. The results showed that the ultrasonic response of the metal matrix composites is significantly influenced by the microstructure of the matrix through which the incident wave traverses. The general effects of matrix on ultrasonic wave propagation are reviewed, and the ultrasonic signals obtained from various SiC fiber-reinforced titanium alloy composites are discussed in terms of the scattering effects of matrix microstructure. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLLP,UDRI,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Krishnamurthy, S (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLLM,UES,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. RI Matikas, Theodore/I-2803-2012 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 12 IS 3 BP 754 EP 763 DI 10.1557/JMR.1997.0110 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA WM879 UT WOS:A1997WM87900029 ER PT J AU Upadhya, K Hoffman, WP Rodgers, SL AF Upadhya, K Hoffman, WP Rodgers, SL TI Synthesis and hot isostatic pressing of nanocrystalline silicon nitride powders SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE silicon nitride; nanocrystalline ceramic; plasma processing; hot isostatic pressing; grain growth; sintering ID CERAMICS AB Nanocrystalline materials have gained tremendous attentions in recent years, as this new material holds great potential for increasing strength and toughness in ceramic structural materials. The properties of nanophase materials are often superior to those of conventional polycrystalline coarse-grained materials. Nanophase materials exhibit increased strength and hardness, enhanced diffusivity, improved toughness, reduced density, a reduced elastic modulus, a higher CTE, increased specific heat, higher electrical resistivity, and lower thermal conductivity compared to conventional coarse-grained polycrystalline materials. In the present study plasma-synthesized nanocrystalline Si3N4 powders followed by compaction of these powders by hot isostatic pressing using nitrogen as the pressurizing medium were investigated. The Si3N4 nanophase powders consisted of particles in the range of 30-100 nm. Al2O3 and Y2O3 were added as sintering additives in the powders, cold pressed at 100 MPa, and hipped at 1750 degrees C. The sintered specimen density was 3.2 g/cm(3), which is 97% of the theroretical density. The average grain size was 100-250 nm, the fracture strength was 1000.0 MPa, and the fracture toughness was 4.8 MPa m(1/2). In this paper, the mechanical properties and microstructure of hipped nanocrystalline Si3N4 specimens are presented and discussed. C1 Hughes STX, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Phillips Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Upadhya, K (reprint author), Hughes STX, 3 Antares Rd,Bldg 8424, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA CONSULTANTS BUREAU, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1064-7562 J9 J MATER SYNTH PROCES JI J. Mater. Synth. Process PD MAR PY 1997 VL 5 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YX239 UT WOS:000072020300003 ER PT J AU Milidonis, MK Ritter, RC Sweeney, MA Godges, JJ Knapp, J Antonucci, E AF Milidonis, MK Ritter, RC Sweeney, MA Godges, JJ Knapp, J Antonucci, E TI Practice analysis survey: Revalidation of advanced clinical practice in orthopaedic physical therapy SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE orthopaedic physical therapy; specialization; clinical competence; decision making ID MANUAL THERAPY; PATIENT; NOVICE AB The first orthopaedic physical therapy practice analysis survey was completed in 1983. Another practice analysis survey was conducted in 1993 to identify the advance practice of clinicians who practice in orthopaedic physical therapy settings. Since 10 years elapsed, a new practice analysis study was conducted to identify the practice of orthopaedic clinical specialists. The purpose of this report is to describe the results of this survey. Orthopaedic physical therapists, both specialists and nonspecialists, participated in group interviews, subject matter expert meetings, and a national practice survey to delineate important knowledges and responsibilities. The survey was sent to a stratified convenience sample of 1,000 orthopaedic physical therapists, of which 325 were orthopaedic clinical specialists. The three-part survey contained 180 items. A total of 420 respondents, of which 241 were orthopaedic clinical specialists, rated the importance and application level for the items. The results of this study provide evidence for a core body of knowledge required by clinicians practicing with advanced skills in orthopaedic physical therapy and create the framework for the Orthopaedic Physical Therapy Specialty Exam. C1 METROHLTH MED CTR,CLEVELAND,OH. BAY AREA PHYS THERAPY CTR,DUBLIN,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,GRAD PROGRAM PHYS THERAPY,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. MALCOLM GROW MED CTR,BIOMED SCI CORPS PHYS THERAPY,ANDREWS AFB,MD. MALCOLM GROW MED CTR,DEPT PHYS THERAPY,ANDREWS AFB,MD. KAISER PERMANENTE,ORTHOPAED PHYS THERAPY RESIDENCY PROGRAM,LOS ANGELES,CA. LOMA LINDA UNIV,DEPT PHYS THERAPY,LOMA LINDA,CA 92350. KNAPP & ASSOCIATES,PRINCETON,NJ. ORG PERSPECT,WOODBURY,NY. RP Milidonis, MK (reprint author), CLEVELAND STATE UNIV,PHYS THERAPY PROGRAM,CLEVELAND,OH 44115, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA WK050 UT WOS:A1997WK05000002 PM 9048322 ER PT J AU Stentz, WC Mealey, BL Nummikoski, PV Gunsolley, JC Waldrop, TC AF Stentz, WC Mealey, BL Nummikoski, PV Gunsolley, JC Waldrop, TC TI Effects of guided bone regeneration around commercially pure titanium and hydroxyapatite-coated dental implants .1. Radiographic analysis SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE grafts, demineralized freeze-dried; bone, freeze-dried; bone regeneration; membranes, artificial; membranes, barrier; osseointegration ID FREEZE-DRIED BONE; EXTRACTION SOCKETS; EPTFE MEMBRANES; OSSEOINTEGRATION; COMBINATION; DEFECTS; SITES; DOGS AB THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY was to determine which treatment of a large osseous defect adjacent to an endosseous dental implant would produce the greatest regeneration of bone and degree of osseointegration: barrier membrane therapy plus demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA), membrane therapy alone, or no treatment, The current study assessed radiographic density changes in bone within the healed peri-implant osseous defect, In a split-mouth design, 6 implants were placed in edentulous mandibular ridges of 10 mongrel dogs after preparation of 6 cylindrical mid-crestal defects, 5 mm in depth and 9.525 mm in diameter. An implant site was then prepared in the center of each defect to a depth of 5 mm beyond the apical extent of the defect. One mandibular quadrant received three commercially pure titanium (Ti) screw implants (3.75 x 10 mm), while the contralateral side received three hydroxyapatite (HA) coated root-form implants (3.3 x 10 mm). Consequently, the coronal 5 mm of each implant was surrounded by a circumferential defect approximately 3 mm wide and 5 mm deep. The three dental implants in each quadrant received either DFDBA (canine source) and an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (ePTFE), ePTFE membrane alone, or no treatment (control). Standardized radiographs were taken at 1 week and 4 months post-implant placement. Computer-assisted densitometric image analysis (CADIA) was performed at 6 areas of interest (coronal, middle, and apical defect areas mesial and distal to each implant) for each of the implant sites. Significantly greater increase in bone density was obtained using DFDBA/ePTFE compared to ePTFE alone or the controls; likewise, ePTFE alone resulted in greater bone density change than the controls. There were no significant differences in radiographic bone density adjacent to Ti versus HA-coated implants. When 3 dogs having postoperative membrane complications were eliminated from the analysis, the results were similar with the exception that defects adjacent to Ti implants had significantly less density gain when compared to HA-coated implants. The results of this study indicate the use of DFDBA/ePTFE in large surgically-created defects promotes a denser healing of bone adjacent to implants when measured radiographically than either ePTFE alone or no treatment. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PERIODONT,LACKLAND AFB,TX. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT DENT DIAGNOST SCI,SAN ANTONIO,TX. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,DEPT PERIODONT & BIOSTAT,RICHMOND,VA 23284. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 68 IS 3 BP 199 EP 208 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WT165 UT WOS:A1997WT16500001 PM 9100194 ER PT J AU Blanchard, SB AF Blanchard, SB TI Odontogenic keratocysts: Review of the literature and report of a case SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Review DE odontogenic cysts; keratocysts; basal cell nevus syndrome ID FOLLOW-UP; RECURRENCE; FEATURES AB THE ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST IS A common odontogenic cyst which accounts for 10% of all oral cysts. Odontogenic keratocysts are believed to arise from remnants of the dental lamina and are found in locations which may be encountered by periodontists. Keratocysts have a distinctive histopathologic appearance and are known to be locally aggressive and have a high recurrence rate, thus requiring close long-term follow-up. Odontogenic keratocysts are one component of the basal cell nevus syndrome and all patients with odontogenic keratocysts should be evaluated for this syndrome. This paper reviews odontogenic keratocysts and presents a case treated by conservative enucleation and ultrasonic debridement of the cystic cavity with no evidence of recurrence at five years. RP Blanchard, SB (reprint author), USAF,DENT SQUADRON 11,SGDDH,238 BROOKLEY AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20332, USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 68 IS 3 BP 306 EP 311 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WT165 UT WOS:A1997WT16500014 PM 9100207 ER PT J AU Marsh, RA Russell, PG Reddy, TB AF Marsh, RA Russell, PG Reddy, TB TI Bipolar lithium-ion battery development SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Power Sources Symposium on Research and Development in Non-Mechanical Electrical Power Sources CY APR 21-23, 1997 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP Int Power Sources Symp Ltd DE lithium-ion secondary batteries; bipolar electrodes; applications, aerospace AB The bipolar battery design minimizes IR losses between adjacent cells in a cell-stack and provides for uniform current and potential distributions over the active surface area of each cell component. The rechargeable lithium-ion electrochemistry is capable of high pulse power for cell components arranged in bipolar configuration. This system has delivered more than 3000 charge discharge cycles of pulse power and five-second pulses at current densities as high as 70 mA cm(-2). The present programme is concerned with bipolar cell design, component fabrication and evaluation, multi-cell stack assembly and evaluation for development of a 270 V 2 Ah bipolar lithium-ion battery far aerospace and aircraft applications. C1 YARDNEY TECH PROD INC,PAWCATUCK,CT 06379. RP Marsh, RA (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(96)02615-8 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA XE950 UT WOS:A1997XE95000023 ER PT J AU Moran, KJ Beran, PS AF Moran, KJ Beran, PS TI Numerical analysis of a swept-fin missile SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT-FLOW; SCHEMES AB The Bow about the complete Hypersonic Applied Research Technology missile is simulated for inviscid, laminar, and turbulent conditions and Mach numbers from 2 to 6. An explicit, second-order-accurate, flux-difference-splitting algorithm is implemented and employed to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. The equations are solved using a finite volume methodology. The formulation models turbulence with the zero-equation, Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model, accounting for pressure-gradient and compressibility effects. It is found that azimuthal clustering near the fins is crucial to predicting the pitching-moment coefficient at Mach numbers above 4. Static stability for laminar flow is found to improve very slightly over inviscid flow as Mach number increases. In the turbulent simulations, the structure of the how near the fins is changed. In the fin region, the crossflow becomes blocked, and the turbulence causes bleeding around the fin leading edges. Ultimately, this results in lower fin effectiveness and reduced static stability. RP Moran, KJ (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,GRAD SCH ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 34 IS 2 BP 152 EP 157 DI 10.2514/2.3203 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WT011 UT WOS:A1997WT01100002 ER PT J AU Bowersox, RDW AF Bowersox, RDW TI Turbulent flow structure characterization of angled injection into a supersonic crossflow SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; JET AB An experimental analysis of the three-dimensional, turbulent, compressible flow structure of a highly underexpanded Mach 1.8 jet injected at an angle of 25 deg into a Mach 2.9 freestream is described. The experimental methods include cross-film anemometry, conventional mean-how probes (pitot and cone-static pressure), schlieren photography, and surface oil-flow visualization. The mean-how data consist of axial mass flux, y-z plane mass flux vector, and total pressure contour plots. Turbulence data include x, y, and z mass flux turbulence intensity components, x-y and x-z Reynolds shear stresses, and anisotropy coefficients. Two relatively large recirculation cells were located just downstream of the injector. In addition, the vortex pair within the plume dramatically affected the overall mean and turbulent flow structure. The axial turbulence intensity had two peaks that were collocated with the vortex pair. The transverse and spanwise intensities peaked on the right and left sides of the plume, respectively. The anisotropy contours also showed a strong dependence on the secondary motion of the two counter-rotating vortices. In particular, the z-y coefficient had a maximum located within one vortex, and a minimum in the other. RP Bowersox, RDW (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,GRAD SCH ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 34 IS 2 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.2514/2.3194 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WT011 UT WOS:A1997WT01100010 ER PT J AU Uy, OM Benson, RC Erlandson, RE Boies, MT Lesho, JF Galica, GE Green, BD Wood, BE Hall, DF AF Uy, OM Benson, RC Erlandson, RE Boies, MT Lesho, JF Galica, GE Green, BD Wood, BE Hall, DF TI Contamination experiments in the midcourse space experiment SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 15-19, 1996 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCES; ATMOSPHERE EXPLORER-C; ION-MASS-SPECTROMETER; SHUTTLE; ENVIRONMENT; CALIBRATION; ORBITER AB The midcourse space experiment satellite is a space-based sensor platform designed to collect earth and atmospheric remote sensing and astronomy data in support of ballistic missile defense and civilian science objectives. Because of the potential adverse effects of contamination on the main optical sensors, the satellite contains a suite of contamination-monitoring instruments designed to completely characterize the source, generation, and mechanisms of contamination of space optics and to validate preflight contamination models. Descriptions of these contamination instruments, their calibration and testing, and the ground test data collected are presented. The sensitivity to contamination of the main optical sensors, which are imagers and interferometers in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectral regions, are also discussed. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,APPL PHYS LAB,APPL RES & TECHNOL DEPT,LAUREL,MD 20723. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,APPL PHYS LAB,DEPT SPACE,LAUREL,MD 20723. PHYS SCI INC,DIV APPL SCI,ANDOVER,MA 01810. SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,ARNOLD ENGN DEV CORP,OPERAT GRP,ARNOLD ENGN DEV CTR,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389. AEROSP CORP,MAT GRP,EL SEGUNDO,CA 90009. RP Uy, OM (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,APPL PHYS LAB,TECH SERV DEPT,11100 JOHNS HOPKINS RD,LAUREL,MD 20723, USA. RI Erlandson, Robert/G-2767-2015 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 34 IS 2 BP 218 EP 225 DI 10.2514/2.3196 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WT011 UT WOS:A1997WT01100012 ER PT J AU Garrelick, J Martini, K Downing, M Brown, R AF Garrelick, J Martini, K Downing, M Brown, R TI The simulation of structural response to sonic booms using structural acoustic techniques SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Structural damage from sonic booms is one of the potential environmental impacts of supersonic flight. This paper illustrates how structural acoustic techniques may be used to assess the potential for such damage in the absence of actual flyovers. Procedures are described whereby transfer functions relating structural response to sonic boom signature may be obtained with a stationary acoustic source and appropriate data processing. Further, by invoking structural acoustic reciprocity, these transfer functions may also be acquired by measuring the radiated sound from a structure that is mechanically driven. The approach is based on the fundamental assumption of linearity, both with regard to the (acoustic) propagation of the boom in the vicinity of the structure and to the structure's response. Practical issues revolve around acoustic far field, source strength, and directivity requirements. The technique was evaluated on a specially fabricated test structure at Edwards AFB, CA. Blank shots from a cannon served as the acoustic source and taps from an instrumented hammer generated the mechanical drive. Simulated response functions were constructed. Results of comparisons with corresponding measurements recorded during dedicated supersonic flyovers with F-15 aircraft are presented for a number of sensor placements. Using the prediction of peak structural response as a metric, it was found that the direct and reciprocal simulation techniques produced ensemble-averaged mean percent errors of -4% and -26%, respectively. The corresponding standard deviations of these errors were 18% and 16%. Also, it was concluded that these uncertainties are consistent with that connected to the representation of the sonic boom itself. (C) 1997 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USAF,AL OEBN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. WYLE LABS,EL SEGUNDO,CA 90245. RP Garrelick, J (reprint author), CAMBRIDGE ACOUST ASSOCIATES INC,200 BOSTON AVE,SUITE 2500,MEDFORD,MA 02155, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 101 IS 3 BP 1456 EP 1467 DI 10.1121/1.418128 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA WP115 UT WOS:A1997WP11500024 ER PT J AU Worth, BD Larsen, JM Balsone, SJ Jones, JW AF Worth, BD Larsen, JM Balsone, SJ Jones, JW TI Mechanisms of ambient temperature fatigue crack growth in Ti-46.5Al-3Nb-2Cr-0.2W SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLIC MATRIX COMPOSITES; LAMELLAR TIAL-ALLOY; TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; FRACTURE-RESISTANCE; PROPAGATION; DEFLECTION; TOUGHNESS AB Fatigue crack growth studies have been conducted on a two-phase alloy with a nominal composition of Ti-46.5Al-3Nb-2Cr-0.2W (at. pct), heat treated to produce duplex and lamellar microstructures. Fatigue crack growth tests were conducted at 23 degrees C using computer-controlled servohydraulic loading at a cyclic frequency of 20 Hz. Several test methods were used to obtain fatigue crack growth rate data, including decreasing-load-range-threshold, constant-load-range, and constant-K-max increasing-load-ratio crack growth control. The lamellar microstructure showed substantial improvement in crack growth resistance and an increase in the threshold stress intensity factor range, Delta K-th, when compared with the behavior of the duplex microstructure. The stress ratio had a significant influence on crack growth behavior in both microstructures, which appeared to be a result of roughness-induced crack closure mechanisms. Fractographic characterization of fatigue crack propagation modes indicated a highly tortuous crack path in the fully lamellar microstructure, compared to the duplex microstructure. In addition, limited shear ligament bridging and secondary cracking parallel to the lamellar interfaces were observed in the fully lamellar microstructure during fatigue crack propagation. These observations were incorporated into a model that analyzes the contribution of intrinsic vs extrinsic mechanisms, such as shear ligament bridging and roughness-induced crack closure, to the increased fatigue crack growth resistance observed for the fully lamellar microstructure. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLLN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. GE CO,MET PHYS LAB,SCHENECTADY,NY 12301. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP Worth, BD (reprint author), UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,STRUCT INTEGR DIV,DAYTON,OH 45419, USA. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 28 IS 3A BP 825 EP 835 DI 10.1007/s11661-997-1010-9 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WR817 UT WOS:A1997WR81700011 ER PT J AU Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL AF Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL TI An investigation of the effect of texture on the high-temperature flow behavior of an orthorhombic titanium aluminide alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; SHEET AB The effect of mechanical and crystallographic texture on the flow properties of a Ti-21A1-22Nb (at. pct) sheet alloy was determined by conducting uniaxial tension and plane-strain compression tests at temperatures between 900 degrees C and 1060 degrees C and strain rates between 10(-4) and 10(-2) s(-1). Despite, the presence of noticeable initial texture, all of the mechanical properties for a given test temperature and strain rate (i.e., peak stress, total elongation to failure, strain-rate sensitivity, and normal plastic anisotropy) were essentially identical irrespective of test direction relative to the rolling direction of the sheet. The absence of an effect of mechanical texture on properties such as ductility was explained by the following: (1) the initially elongated second-phase particles break up during tension tests parallel to the rolling direction of the sheet, thereby producing a globular morphology similar to that noted in samples taken transverse to the rolling direction; and (2) failure was flow localization, rather than fracture, controlled. Similarly, the absence of an effect of mechanical texture on strain-rate: sensitivity (m values), normal plastic anisotropy (r values), and the ratio of the plane strain to uniaxial flow stresses was rationalized on the basis of the dominance of matrix (dislocation) slip processes within the ordered beta phase (B2) as opposed to grain boundary sliding. Aggregate theory predictions supported this conclusion inasmuch as the crystallographic texture components determined for the B2 phase ((001) [100] and (<(1)over bar 12>) [110]) would each produce identical r values and uniaxial and plane-strain flow stresses in the rolling and transverse directions. C1 WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLLM,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Nicolaou, PD (reprint author), UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC,DIV MAT & PROC,DAYTON,OH 45432, USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 28 IS 3A BP 885 EP 893 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WR817 UT WOS:A1997WR81700018 ER PT J AU Capano, MA Trew, RJ AF Capano, MA Trew, RJ TI Silicon carbide electronic materials and devices SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN & APPL PHYS,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP Capano, MA (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLPO,3005 P ST,SUITE 6,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 22 IS 3 BP 19 EP 22 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA WN001 UT WOS:A1997WN00100008 ER PT J AU Dietz, DC Jenkins, RC AF Dietz, DC Jenkins, RC TI Analysis of aircraft sortie generation with the use of a fork-join queueing network model SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article ID CUSTOMERS AB This article presents an approximate analytical method for evaluating an aircraft sortie generation process. The process is modeled as a closed network of multiserver queues and fork-join nodes that allow concurrent service activities. The model uses a variation of mean value analysis (MVA) to capture the effect of mean service times, resource levels, and network topology on performance measures including resource utilizations and the overall sortie generation rate. The quality of the analytical approximation is demonstrated through comparison with simulation res;lts. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF,MAT COMMAND,ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX. RP Dietz, DC (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT OPERAT SCI,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 44 IS 2 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6750(199703)44:2<153::AID-NAV1>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 12 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA WH900 UT WOS:A1997WH90000001 ER PT J AU Grycewicz, TJ AF Grycewicz, TJ TI Experimental demonstration of a binary single-lens joint transform correlator using chirp-modulated inputs SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE single-lens joint transform correlator; chirp-modulated joint power spectrum; Fresnel zone plate ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; FOURIER-PLANE AB This paper introduces the single-lens joint transform correlator (SLJTC). The SLJTC is a two-stage processor. The first stage computes the chirp-modulated joint power spectrum. The chirp-encoded joint power spectrum may be viewed as containing an amplitude-encoded lens function or Fresnel zone plate. The correlation output is in the focal plane of this zone plate. As in the chirp-modulated joint transform correlator (JTC), the output contains a single correlation peak. The SLJTC has been experimentally demonstrated with a peak-to-noise ratio (PNR) of 17.1 dB. The same chirp-encoded joint power spectrum used in the second stage of a binary chirp-modulated JTC resulted in 6.5-dB-poorer PNR performance. (C) 1997 Society of Photo-Optical instrumentation Engineers. RP USAF, ROME LAB, 31 GRENIER ST, BEDFORD, MA 01731 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 814 EP 819 DI 10.1117/1.601251 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA WN456 UT WOS:A1997WN45600019 ER PT J AU Shan, XW AF Shan, XW TI Simulation of Rayleigh-Benard convection using a lattice Boltzmann method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION; GAS AUTOMATA; MODEL; TRANSITION; NUMBER; FLUID; FLOW AB Rayleigh-Benard convection is numerically simulated in two and three dimensions using a recently developed two-component lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) method. The density field of the second component, which evolves according to the advection-diffusion equation of a passive scalar, is used to simulate the temperature field. A body force proportional to the temperature is applied, and the system satisfies the Boussinesq equation except for a slight compressibility. A no-slip, isothermal boundary condition is imposed in the vertical direction, and periodic boundary conditions are used in horizontal directions. The critical Rayleigh number for the onset of the Rayleigh-Benard convection agrees with the theoretical prediction. As the Rayleigh number is increased higher, the steady two-dimensional convection rolls become unstable. The wavy instability and aperiodic motion observed, as well as the Nusselt number as a function of the Rayleigh number, are in good agreement with experimental observations and theoretical predictions. The LEE model is found to be efficient, accurate, and numerically stable for the simulation of fluid flows with heat and mass transfer. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Shan, XW (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731, USA. RI Shan, Xiaowen/H-2836-2013 OI Shan, Xiaowen/0000-0002-6350-9248 NR 32 TC 282 Z9 299 U1 4 U2 51 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 1997 VL 55 IS 3 BP 2780 EP 2788 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.55.2780 PN A PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA WN934 UT WOS:A1997WN93400085 ER PT J AU Dietz, D Hussey, TW Roderick, NF Douglas, MR Degnan, JH AF Dietz, D Hussey, TW Roderick, NF Douglas, MR Degnan, JH TI Optimization of soft x-ray emission from stagnating compact toroidal plasmas: A computational study SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATION AB Computational simulations aimed at optimizing the high-energy, high-power, multikilovolt electromagnetic radiation emitted by a rapidly moving compact toroidal (CT) plasma which stagnates against a stationary ''wall'' are performed for argon, krypton, and xenon plasmas over a range of CT parameters. CT kinetic energies vary from 2-10 MJ, impact speeds vary from 50-200 cm/mu s, and CT masses vary from 5-11 mg. It is found that a 2 MJ Ar CT optimally emits 1-1.5 MJ of essentially K-line radiation (>3 keV) for impact speeds of about 60-90 cm/mu s; a 10 MJ Kr CT optimally emits about 1 MJ of essentially K-line radiation (>12.5 keV) for impact speed of about 135 cm/mu s; and a 10 MJ Xe CT optimally emits about 3 MJ of essentially L-line radiation (>5 keV), about 0.5 MJ of continuum radiation above IO keV, and about 0.1 MJ of continuum radiation above 20 keV, all also for impact speed of about 135 cm/mu s. Pulse widths vary for the above optima from 7 ns at 135 cm/mu s to 30 ns at 60 cm/mu s. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT CHEM & NUCL ENGN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP Dietz, D (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,HIGH ENERGY SOURCES DIV WSQ,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAR PY 1997 VL 4 IS 3 BP 873 EP 879 DI 10.1063/1.872179 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA WL771 UT WOS:A1997WL77100040 ER PT J AU Glenar, DA Hillman, JJ LeLouarn, M Fugate, RQ Drummond, JD AF Glenar, DA Hillman, JJ LeLouarn, M Fugate, RQ Drummond, JD TI Multispectral imagery of Jupiter and Saturn using adaptive optics and acousto-optic tuning SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; ASTRONOMY; RANGE AB We obtained near-infrared, multispectral imagery of Jupiter and Saturn during July 1994 using the second-generation, laser-beacon adaptive optics 1.5-m telescope facility at the USAF Phillips Laboratory Starfire Optical Range (SOR). The telescope optics were equipped with a fast, germanium array and image correlation processor for tip-tilt correction on extended, i.e., planetary objects, and a broadband CCD ''scoring'' camera with 0.089 arcsec/pixel sampling, for evaluating the overall system performance. Wavelength tunable imaging was accomplished by sharing the focal plane with a Goddard-built, acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) camera operating from 700 to 950 nm. Spectral images of the Jupiter-SL/9 collision sites were photometrically calibrated and reduced to absolute reflectivity (I/F) at each wavelength. Images of the sites show spectrally dependent details which provide the starting point for one-dimensional plume models. Higher quality images of Saturn were acquired, with a spatial resolution of 0.29 arcsec. We attribute this to robust tip-tilt correction made possible by the presence of Saturn's rings, which break the symmetry of an otherwise nearly circular image. The compensated images of Saturn indicate early evidence of a northern hemisphere atmospheric disturbance. C1 UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC,SEABROOK,MD 20706. USAF,PHILIPS LABS,STARFIRE OPT RANGE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87117. RP Glenar, DA (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 109 IS 733 BP 326 EP 337 DI 10.1086/133894 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WN073 UT WOS:A1997WN07300019 ER PT J AU Nicholas, T Castelli, MG Gambone, ML AF Nicholas, T Castelli, MG Gambone, ML TI Fiber breakage in metal matrix composites - Reality or artifact? SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID THERMOMECHANICAL FATIGUE; BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,NYMA,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Nicholas, T (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,MT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 5 BP 585 EP 592 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(96)00425-3 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WK163 UT WOS:A1997WK16300014 ER PT J AU Bhowmick, SK Grubb, PH AF Bhowmick, SK Grubb, PH TI Management of multiple-antibody-mediated hyperthyroidism in children with Down's syndrome SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TREATED GRAVES-DISEASE; THYROXINE AB During a period of 7 years at our institution, four girls and one boy with Down's syndrome, ages 9 to 16 years, were examined and treated for hyperthyroidism. Two patients had Graves' disease and they responded to propylthiouracil (PTU) with a predictable clinical course resulting in remission within 4 years. The remaining three patients included in this report had hyperthyroid profiles similar to those of the two with Graves' disease except for their antibody panels. These patients, in addition to the elevated thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) level observed in Graves' disease, also had significantly elevated antimicrosomal antibody (AMA) and antithyroglobulin antibody (ATGA) at the time of diagnosis, Elevated TSI level was again present in two patients who had a recurrence of hyperthyroidism after PTU therapy was discontinued. Treatment of these three patients was best done with the continuation of PTU therapy at a lower dose and the addition of thyroxine as soon as mild hypothyroidism developed. Treatment with PTU and thyroxine was continued until the TSI level was no longer elevated. Levels of AMA and ATGA remained elevated long after the TSI level became normal. All three patients eventually had hypothyroidism and continue to require thyroxine replacement. RP Bhowmick, SK (reprint author), USAF,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,MOS 81,MDOS,DIV PEDIAT ENDOCRINOL & METAB,301 FISHER ST,ROOM 1A132,KEESLER AFB,MS 39534, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 90 IS 3 BP 312 EP 315 DI 10.1097/00007611-199703000-00009 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WN241 UT WOS:A1997WN24100008 PM 9076303 ER PT J AU Smith, SA Mecham, CC Schimmoller, BJ Wheeler, MH AF Smith, SA Mecham, CC Schimmoller, BJ Wheeler, MH TI Using measured contaminant concentrations versus modeling for cercla-related air pathway risk assessments (Reprinted from Hazardous Waste, Impacts on Human and Ecological Health, pg 175-188, 1997) SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Reprint DE air pathway; human health risk; indoor air; modeling; monitoring; risk assessment; volatile organic compounds C1 RADIAN INT LLC,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. US AF,HILL AFB,UT. RP Smith, SA (reprint author), RADIAN INT LLC,POB 201088,AUSTIN,TX 78759, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD MAR-JUN PY 1997 VL 13 IS 2-3 BP 231 EP 245 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA XE901 UT WOS:A1997XE90100010 PM 9200791 ER PT J AU Liang, J Cavdar, B Sharma, SK AF Liang, Jim Cavdar, Bulent Sharma, S. K. TI A study of boundary lubrication thin films produced from a perfluoropolyalkylether fluid on M-50 surfaces. I. Film species characterization and mapping studies SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tribology; boundary lubrication; thin films; perfluoropolyalkylether; chemisorption; mapping study AB A surface thin film was observed in a wear scar area resulting from a boundary lubrication experiment performed on a reciprocating cylinder on plate tribometer. The lubricant used was a perfluoroalkylether (PFPAE) fluid. The wear scar area had blue and yellow colors observable under an optical microscope. The blue area was surrounded by an envelope of yellow scar area. The film thickness found in the blue area was approximately 15 times thicker than that observed in the yellow area. The most dramatic change in thickness occurred at the intermediate area between these two colors. The thin film species was characterized as a perfluorocarboxylate surface species chemisorbed on the wear scar area of a M-50 flat specimen. A monodentate configuration was determined to be the geometry for this surface thin film species. Thickness mapping studies along both x- and y-axes were performed on the wear scar. The x-axis thickness variations can be attributed to the normal stress distribution on the cylinder and the y-axis film thickness variation can be explained by the temperature gradient originating from the cylinder velocity variation. A "hat" model is proposed to represent the physical picture of the surface thin film species chemisorbed on the M-50 wear scar area. C1 [Liang, Jim] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Cavdar, Bulent] Adv Technol Ctr, Lombard, IL USA. [Sharma, S. K.] Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liang, J (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. FU Nonstructural Materials Branch, Nonmetallic Materials Division, Material Directorate of Wright Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH FX This work was supported and conducted at the Nonstructural Materials Branch, Nonmetallic Materials Division, Material Directorate of Wright Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH. The authors are indebted to Dr. H.L. Paige for valuable discussions and insights during the preparation of this manuscript. The authors would also like to express their appreciation to Mrs. Sophia Briley, Miss Heather Watrob, Mr. Christopher J. Ehlers and Mrs. Becky Liang for their help on this research project. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD MAR PY 1997 VL 3 IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1023/A:1019127626518 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA V17SE UT WOS:000207956100015 ER PT J AU Prasad, SV Zabinski, JS AF Prasad, SV Zabinski, JS TI Tribological behavior of nanocrystalline zinc oxide films SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Wear of Materials (WoM 97) CY APR 20-23, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE zinc oxide; nanocrystalline films ID ANION VACANCIES; RUTILE TIO2-X AB This paper describes the room temperature tribological characteristics of nanocrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) films. The films were grown onto 440C stainless steel substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using the 248 nm line from an excimer laser to ablate a hot pressed hexagonal ZnO target. The substrate temperature and oxygen partial pressure were varied to grow films with different stoichiometries and grain sizes. Friction measurements were made against a 440C steel counterface in a ball-on-flat configuration. The friction coefficient of a conventional hot pressed ZnO disk was high, 0.65; the steel counterface after wear testing was full of scratches. By contrast, the friction coefficients of PLD ZnO films were between 0.16 and 0.34; the steel counterface after testing was practically free of scratches. Extensive plastic deformation of ZnO was observed on the wear scars. The friction behavior of ZnO films was sensitive to Hertzian stress and sliding speed, but once a smooth wear scar was formed, the test conditions had no significant effect on the friction. The improved tribological performance of the PLD ZnO films was attributed to their nanocrystalline grain structure and oxygen substoichiometry. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. RP Prasad, SV (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,MLBT,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 13 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD MAR PY 1997 VL 203 BP 498 EP 506 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(96)07448-0 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA WV203 UT WOS:A1997WV20300058 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Walck, SD Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, AA Walck, SD Zabinski, JS TI Architecture of multilayer nanocomposite coatings with super-hard diamond-like carbon layers for wear protection at high contact loads SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Wear of Materials (WoM 97) CY APR 20-23, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE multilayer nanocomposites; diamond-like carbon; carbon nitride; sliding friction; wear protection ID ELASTIC-MODULUS; FILMS; DEPOSITION; MULTICOMPONENT; SUPERLATTICES; INTERLAYERS; TRIBOLOGY; STRENGTH; STRESS; NICKEL AB Super-hard and low-friction diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings deposited at low temperatures are currently of great interest for wear protection and friction reduction. However, their high hardness (50-80 GPa), intrinsic stresses, and poor adhesion limit their use to applications where contact pressures are below 1 GPa and the coating thickness is below 0.5 mu m to prevent cracking and delamination. These negative effects are especially pronounced when the coatings are applied to relatively soft substrates, such as steels. The limitations were removed by a multilayer design, where metal and ceramic layers were used to increase the load support capability, improve the adhesion strength, and increase the thickness of DLC layers. Existing approaches to the design of tough multilayer coatings were considered critically and a coating architecture was suggested using the following concepts: (i) formation of a load support and adhesion promoting underlayer with mechanical characteristics varied gradually from the substrate to the DLC layer; (ii) separation of hard DLC layers with interlayers of softer material to reduce stresses and brake cracks; (iii) use of crystalline interlayers with thicknesses permitting operation of dislocation sources for stress relaxation and deflection of cross-sectional cracks. The development of these concepts is discussed sequentially from bilayer ceramic/DLC coatings to functionally gradient metal/carbide/DLC coatings, and finally to nanocomposite coatings consisting of stacks of Ti/DLC, TiC/ DLC, and CN/DLC layers with individual thicknesses within 10-60 nm deposited onto a gradient Ti-TiC-DLC underlayer. The coatings were deposited onto stainless steel substrates by a hybrid of magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition. They had a 1-2 mu m total thickness of super-hard (60-70 GPa) DLC layers and resisted delamination to 50-80 N loads in scratch adhesion tests. In ball-on-disk sliding tests, these coatings supported Hertzian contact pressures above 2 GPa and had friction coefficients around 0.1. Their wear lives exceed 10(6) cycles under initial contact pressures of 1.4 GPa. The conceptual architecture of multilayer nanocomposite coatings presented extends the range of wear resistant applications for super-hard DLC materials. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,MLBT,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 60 TC 126 Z9 132 U1 3 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD MAR PY 1997 VL 203 BP 516 EP 527 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(96)07425-X PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA WV203 UT WOS:A1997WV20300060 ER PT J AU Ryan, KL Tehrany, MR Frei, MR Jauchen, JR AF Ryan, KL Tehrany, MR Frei, MR Jauchen, JR TI Histamine receptor blockade does not alter hypotension induced by 35-GHz microwave heating SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TRINITY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78212. USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,RADIOFREQUENCY RADIAT DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 512 EP 512 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000514 ER PT J AU Tehrany, MR Ryan, KL Frei, MR Jauchen, JR AF Tehrany, MR Ryan, KL Frei, MR Jauchen, JR TI Effects of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibition on hypotension induced by environmental heating (EH) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TRINITY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78212. USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,RADIOFREQUENCY RADIAT DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 513 EP 513 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53000512 ER PT J AU Adair, ER Hartman, SK Mack, GW Morocco, TS AF Adair, ER Hartman, SK Mack, GW Morocco, TS TI Physiological responses of human volunteers during whole-body RF exposure at 450 MHz. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. JOHN B PIERCE FDN LAB,NEW HAVEN,CT 06519. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3689 EP 3689 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003689 ER PT J AU Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Belcher, JC Tehrany, MR Mason, PA AF Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Belcher, JC Tehrany, MR Mason, PA TI Regional brain heating during microwave exposure, environmental heating and exercise SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SRL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78229. TRINITY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78212. ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3693 EP 3693 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003694 ER PT J AU Wright, MW Dente, GC Bossert, DJ Tilton, ML AF Wright, MW Dente, GC Bossert, DJ Tilton, ML TI Modified substrate spontaneous emission in broad area semiconductor lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; CAVITY; GAIN AB We observe modification of the spontaneous emission spectrum emitted through the substrate of a quantum well semiconductor laser. The effect is driven by the proximity of the quantum well. active region to the p-side electrical contact of the device, representing an excellent example of cavity quantum electrodynamics. Modification of the spontaneous emission rate and spectrum can be substantial; it must be accounted for in order to infer modal gain or carrier heating phenomena in the device correctly. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Wright, MW (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SEMICOND LASER BRANCH,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 24 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 8 BP 937 EP 939 DI 10.1063/1.118446 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WJ626 UT WOS:A1997WJ62600007 ER PT J AU Walker, D Zhang, X Saxler, A Kung, P Xu, J Razeghi, M AF Walker, D Zhang, X Saxler, A Kung, P Xu, J Razeghi, M TI AlxGa1-xN (0<=x<=1) ultraviolet photodetectors grown on sapphire by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB AlxGa1-xN (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1) ultraviolet photoconductors with cutoff wavelengths from 365 to 200 nm have been fabricated and characterized. The maximum detectivity reached 5.5 x 10(8) cmHz(1/2)/W at a modulating frequency of 14 Hz. The effective majority carrier lifetime in AlxGa1-xN materials, derived from frequency-dependent photoconductivity measurements, has been estimated to be from 6 to 35 ms. The frequency-dependent noise spectrum shows that it is dominated by Johnson noise at high frequencies for low-Al-composition samples. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Walker, D (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,ECE DEPT,CTR QUANTUM DEVICES,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 5 TC 117 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 24 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 8 BP 949 EP 951 DI 10.1063/1.118450 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WJ626 UT WOS:A1997WJ62600011 ER PT J AU Gummadi, LNB Palazotto, AN AF Gummadi, LNB Palazotto, AN TI Finite element analysis of arches undergoing large rotations .1. Theoretical comparison SO FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE first-order shear deformation theory; third-order shear deformation theory; modified classical theory; classical theory and Donnell theory ID COMPOSITE BEAMS; FORMULATION; SHELLS AB In this two part paper, the first part deals with five different nonlinear theories applicable to the analysis of arches in the context of solving the large displacement and the large rotation problem. These theories include, classical theory, first-order shear deformation theory, third-order shear deformation theory, modified classical theory and the Donnell-type theory. All the theories are developed using the Total Lagrangian approach. Simplifications and assumptions used in each of the theory are discussed. Explicit strain displacement gradient relations and element independent equilibrium equations in terms of displacement gradients are given for all the theories. Limitations of each of theory are discussed. In the second part of this paper, application of these theories for the classification of arch geometries is considered. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-874X J9 FINITE ELEM ANAL DES JI Finite Elem. Anal. Des. PD FEB 20 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 4 BP 213 EP 235 DI 10.1016/S0168-874X(96)00051-0 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA WN116 UT WOS:A1997WN11600002 ER PT J AU Palazotto, AN Gummadi, LNB Bailey, JC AF Palazotto, AN Gummadi, LNB Bailey, JC TI Finite element analysis of arches undergoing large rotations .2. Classification SO FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE deep arch; shallow arch; thin arch; thick arch; classification AB Four different elements are developed using Green strains and second Piola-Kirchhoff stresses to analyze thin/thick arches undergoing large displacements and large rotations. Effects of are length and thickness on the load-displacement characteristics of various arches undergoing large displacements are studied. Based on these studies, parameters necessary to classify the arches are established. RP Palazotto, AN (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-874X J9 FINITE ELEM ANAL DES JI Finite Elem. Anal. Des. PD FEB 20 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 4 BP 237 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S0168-874X(96)00050-9 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA WN116 UT WOS:A1997WN11600003 ER PT J AU Nadella, RK Capano, MA AF Nadella, RK Capano, MA TI High-resistance layers in n-type 4H-silicon carbide by hydrogen ion implantation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESISTIVITY; INP AB The effect of hydrogen ion implantation damage on the resistivity of n-type 4H-silicon carbide is investigated. The variation of resistivity as a function of measurement temperature and postimplant annealing temperature is studied. Calculated resistivities obtained from resistance measurements are as high as 8x10(6) Omega cm when resistances are measured at room temperature. When measured at 250 degrees C, the resistivity of the implanted layer is 1x10(4) Omega cm. The resistivity is almost constant for annealings up to 1000 degrees C. The high-resistance behavior is believed to be related to implantation damage caused by 350 keV H+ implantation. The results of this study can be used to obtain high-resistance regions for device isolation. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 WILBERFORCE UNIV,DIV ENGN & COMP SCI,WILBERFORCE,OH 45384. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 17 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 7 BP 886 EP 888 DI 10.1063/1.118304 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WH866 UT WOS:A1997WH86600032 ER PT J AU Fogleman, RR AF Fogleman, RR TI Information technology's role in 21st century air power SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Fogleman, RR (reprint author), USAF,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD FEB 17 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 7 BP 74 EP 74 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WH454 UT WOS:A1997WH45400032 ER PT J AU Matikas, TE Karpur, P Shamasundar, S AF Matikas, TE Karpur, P Shamasundar, S TI Measurement of the dynamic elastic moduli of porous titanium aluminide compacts SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CONSOLIDATION; SOLIDS AB The dynamic elastic moduli of the porous alpha-two titanium aluminide compacts are measured using an ultrasonic technique. Both shear and longitudinal velocities are measured for compacts of different densities, making computation of all the four elastic constants, namely, the Young's modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus and Poisson's ratio. The dependence of these on the relative density are correlated and compared with some earlier models, and some of the uncertainties in the earlier models are discussed. C1 UES,MLLN,WL,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Matikas, TE (reprint author), UDRI,MLLP,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. RI Matikas, Theodore/I-2803-2012 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1099 EP 1103 DI 10.1023/A:1018503127949 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA WJ853 UT WOS:A1997WJ85300034 ER PT J AU Carlson, JL AF Carlson, JL TI The double eagle guide to Western state parks, vol 1, Pacific Northwest, 2nd edition, vol 2, Rocky Mountains, vol 3, Far West, vol 4, Desert Southwest, vol 5, Northern Great Plains, vol 6, Southern Great Plains - Preston,T, Preston,E SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Carlson, JL (reprint author), VANDENBERG AFB LIB,VANDENBERG AFB,CA 93437, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD FEB 15 PY 1997 VL 122 IS 3 BP 153 EP 153 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA WG362 UT WOS:A1997WG36200170 ER PT J AU Soref, RA AF Soref, RA TI Prospects for novel Si-based optoelectronic devices: Unipolar and p-i-p-i lasers SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European-Materials-Research-Society 1996 Spring Meeting, Symposium D: Group IV Heterostructures, Physics and Devices CY JUN 04-07, 1996 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE silicon; optoelectronics; lasers ID WAVE AB The creation of Si-based intersubband lasers in multiple quantum wells of Si/SiGeC, Si/ZnS, Si/Al2O3, Si/CaF2 or Si/SiO2 would have ''spinoffs'' in intersubband optical amplifiers, light emitting diodes, electro-optic modulators, switches, and photodetectors. SiGe/Si and SiGeC/Si quantum-cascade lasers appear feasible for 6 to 20 mu m wavelength operation. The field-tunable Si Raman laser could operate over a wavelength range of 1.45 to 1.60 mu m. A new non-cascaded intersubband laser, the Si charge-coupled laser, has a 1 V bias and a 1 mu m optical waveguide height made possible by a p-i-p-i structure with selective contacts. Silicon nano-photonic structures rely upon a silicon-on-insulator platform. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. RP Soref, RA (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,EROC,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731, USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 15 PY 1997 VL 294 IS 1-2 BP 325 EP 329 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(96)09261-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA WX962 UT WOS:A1997WX96200078 ER PT J AU Gradinaru, G Sudarshan, TS Gradinaru, SA Mitchell, W Hobgood, HM AF Gradinaru, G Sudarshan, TS Gradinaru, SA Mitchell, W Hobgood, HM TI Electrical properties of high resistivity 6H-SiC under high temperature/high field stress SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE AB The influence of ambient temperature and applied electric field on the electrical properties of high resistivity (1-30 k Omega cm), semi-insulating (>100 k Omega cm), and insulating (10(11)-10(12)Omega cm) single-crystal 6H-SiC is reported. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of lateral metal-semiconductor-metal test structures were measured in vacuum in a temperature range of 295-730 K and under moderate pulsed electric fields (0.5-80 kV/cm). It is shown that the resistivity of the undoped 6H-SiC varies strongly with the ambient temperature after a temperature/field function dominated by a factor containing the activation (ionization) energy of residual boron of 0.35 eV. The dominant activation energy of semi-insulating Vanadium-compensated material (6H-SiC:V) varies with the ambient temperature, increasing from similar to 0 eV at 295-320 K to similar to 0.8 eV at T greater than or equal to 600 K. This result can explain the relatively low decrease of the resistivity of insulating 6H-SiC at very high ambient temperatures and its viability as a substrate for next-generation high temperature microwave integrated circuits based on large band gap semiconductors. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 SC GOVERNORS SCH SCI & MATH,HARTSVILLE,SC 29550. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NORTHROP GRUMMAN SCI & TECHNOL CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA 15235. RP Gradinaru, G (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 10 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 6 BP 735 EP 737 DI 10.1063/1.118264 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WG827 UT WOS:A1997WG82700021 ER PT J AU Peters, PM HoudeWalter, SN AF Peters, PM HoudeWalter, SN TI X-ray absorption fine structure determination of the local environment of Er3+ in glass SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CURVED-WAVE THEORY; EXAFS CALCULATIONS; GUIDE LASER; FLUORESCENCE; SILICA; IONS AB Erbium L(III)-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and I-4(13/2) excited state lifetime measurements were performed on aluminosilicate, fluorosilicate, and phosphate glasses with varying erbium concentration. The local erbium environment is shown to be unique in each host. In the aluminosilicate, erbium is found to have 6.4 nearest oxygen neighbors at a distance of 2.22 Angstrom and with a Debye-Waller factor of 0.031 Angstrom(2). Erbium in the fluorosilicate glass was found to be more highly coordinated with 7.5 nearest neighbor anions. Erbium in the phosphate glass is found to have a smaller disorder factor of 0.021 Angstrom(2) when compared with the silicate glasses. No variation of the environment (3 shells) is observed with changes in rare earth concentration, while the excited state lifetime varies from 1,0 to 9.8 ms in the aluminosilicates, suggesting the absence of erbium clustering at XAFS detectable distances. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLPJ,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Peters, PM (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER,INST OPT,ROCHESTER,NY 14627, USA. NR 17 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 3 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 5 BP 541 EP 543 DI 10.1063/1.118334 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WF440 UT WOS:A1997WF44000003 ER PT J AU Spencer, DB AF Spencer, DB TI Orbital debris and space operations SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Article C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SPACE DEBRIS RES PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20330. RP Spencer, DB (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,ASTRODYNAM TEAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 38 EP 42 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WG818 UT WOS:A1997WG81800013 ER PT J AU Nance, DV Viswanathan, K Sankar, LN AF Nance, DV Viswanathan, K Sankar, LN TI Low-dispersion finite volume scheme for aeroacoustic applications SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 15-19, 1996 CL RENO, NV ID COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS; ACOUSTICS; SOUND AB The development of a low-dispersion numerical scheme is described in the context of a finite volume discretization of the governing fluid dynamic equations. Although low-dispersion finite difference schemes have been developed recently for uniform Cartesian meshes, current finite volume methods do not possess low-dispersion characteristics. A Low dispersion finite volume scheme is presented and applied to some common acoustics problems. The two-dimensional unsteady Euler equations linearized about a mean flow are solved using a finite volume formulation. The surface integrals are computed using flow properties at cell faces, interpolated from cell nodes. The interpolation process is chosen such that it accurately represents sinusoidal waves of short wavelengths at the cell faces. A number of classical acoustics problems are solved, and where possible, comparisons with other numerical and exact solutions are given. This scheme has low dispersion and may be retrofitted easily into existing finite volume codes. The resulting numerical method combines the flexibility and versatility of the finite volume method while minimizing numerical dispersion errors in a manner similar to that of the classical dispersion-relation-preserving scheme. C1 DYNACS ENGN CO INC, TECH STAFF, RENTON, WA 98055 USA. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL, SCH AEROSP ENGN, ATLANTA, GA 30332 USA. RP USAF, WRIGHT LAB, EGLIN AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.2514/2.115 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WE652 UT WOS:A1997WE65200006 ER PT J AU Denoyer, KK Peterson, LD AF Denoyer, KK Peterson, LD TI Method for structural model update using dynamically measured static flexibility matrices SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Dynamic Specialist Conference CY APR 18, 1996 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT AB A new method is presented for parametric correction of full-order analytical stiffness matrices from reduced-order dynamically measured static flexibility matrices. The measured static flexibility matrix is formed using modal data in conjunction with a residual flexibility estimate. The algorithm corrects model parameters by minimizing a static flexibility matrix error residual constructed for measurement degrees of freedom only, By utilizing a flexibility matrix residual instead of one derived using stiffness matrices, numerical problems associated with inverting a rank-deficient measured flexibility matrix are avoided. Posing the problem in terms of flexibility matrices also avoids the problems of modal correspondence, mode selection, and modal truncation. In addition, incorporating static reduction relationships into the error residual makes prior eigenvector expansion or model reduction unnecessary. Two formulations for the error residual are presented: an explicit inverse formulation and one derived from a pseudoinverse relationship. The second leads to an exact linear update problem when all of the model degrees of freedom are measured, Numerical simulation results demonstrate that both formulations are capable of localizing and quantifying local stiffness errors in a full-order finite element model from reduced-order measurements. Experimental results for a cantilever beam structure are also presented. C1 UNIV COLORADO,CTR AEROSP STRUCT,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT AEROSP ENGN SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Denoyer, KK (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SPACE TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,SPACE VEHICLE TECHNOL DIV,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 362 EP 368 DI 10.2514/2.102 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WE652 UT WOS:A1997WE65200022 ER PT J AU Cobb, RG Liebst, BS AF Cobb, RG Liebst, BS TI Sensor placement and structural damage identification from minimal sensor information SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPACE AB A method of prioritizing sensor locations on a flexible structure for the purpose of determining damaged structural elements from measured modal data is presented. This method is useful in applications where practicality dictates only a small subset of the total structural degrees of freedom can be instrumented. In such cases, it is desirable to place sensors in locations yielding the most information about the damaged structure. No a priori knowledge of the damage location is assumed. The prioritization is based on an eigenvector sensitivity analysis of a finite element model of the structure. In addition, the dual problem Is presented and solved, which determines the observability of change in the measured eigenstructure from the instrumented degrees of freedom. This analysis is used to determine the extent to which damage can be localized. An analytical example is presented that illustrates the relationship between the number of measured modes, the number of instrumented degrees of freedom, and the extent to which damage can be localized, Additionally, an analysis of an experimental cant levered eight-bay truss assembly consisting of 104 elements instrumented with eight single-axis accelerometers is presented. The extent to which structural damage can be localized from the measurement data is limited by the number of measured modes. C1 USAF,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 12 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.2514/2.103 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WE652 UT WOS:A1997WE65200023 ER PT J AU Toth, CA Birngruber, R Boppart, SA Hee, MR Fujimoto, JG DiCarlo, CD Swanson, EA Cain, CP Narayan, DG Noojin, GD Roach, WP AF Toth, CA Birngruber, R Boppart, SA Hee, MR Fujimoto, JG DiCarlo, CD Swanson, EA Cain, CP Narayan, DG Noojin, GD Roach, WP TI Argon laser retinal lesions evaluated in vivo by optical coherence tomography SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HISTOPATHOLOGY; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB PURPOSE: To assess the in vivo evolution of argon laser retinal lesions by correlating the cross-sectional structure from sequential optical coherence tomography with histopathologic sectioning. METHODS: Argon laser lesions were created in the retinas of Macaca mulatta and evaluated by cross-section optical coherence tomography, which was compared at selected time points with corresponding histopathology. RESULTS: Argon laser lesions induced an optical coherence tomography pattern of early outer retinal relative high reflectivity with subsequent surrounding relative low reflectivity that correlated well with histopathologic findings. The in vivo optical coherence tomography images of macular laser lesions clearly demonstrated differences in pathologic response by retinal layer over time. CONCLUSION: The novel sequential imaging of rapidly evolving macular lesions with optical coherence tomography provides new insight into the patterns of acute tissue response by cross-sectional layer. This sequential imaging technique will aid in our understanding of the rapid evolution of retinal pathology and response to treatment in the research and clinical setting. C1 DUKE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,DURHAM,NC. MED LASERZENTEUM LUBECK,LUBECK,GERMANY. MIT,DEPT ELECT ENGN,ELECT RES LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA. LINCOLN LAB,BETHESDA,MD. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. ANALYT SCI CORP,SAN ANTONIO,TX. USAF,OFF SCI RES CHEM & LIFE SCI,WASHINGTON,DC. RI Boppart, Stephen/C-7338-2009; toth, cynthia/F-5614-2011; Birngruber, Reginald/Q-2342-2016 NR 17 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPHTHALMIC PUBL CO PI CHICAGO PA 77 WEST WACKER DR, STE 660, CHICAGO, IL 60601 SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 123 IS 2 BP 188 EP 198 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA WG305 UT WOS:A1997WG30500005 PM 9186124 ER PT J AU Chan, JKC Suster, S Wenig, BM Tsang, WYW Chan, JBK Lau, ALW AF Chan, JKC Suster, S Wenig, BM Tsang, WYW Chan, JBK Lau, ALW TI Cytokeratin 20 immunoreactivity distinguishes merkel cell (primary cutaneous neuroendocrine) carcinomas and salivary gland small cell carcinomas from small cell carcinomas of various sites SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 85th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 23-29, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol DE cytokeratin 20; keratin; immunohistochemistry; Merkel cell carcinoma; primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma; small cell carcinoma; skin neoplasm; salivary gland neoplasm ID ENDOCRINE CARCINOMA; PAROTID-GLAND; SKIN; EXPRESSION; TUMORS; ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS; PROTEIN; MARKER AB Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is a low-molecular-weight cytokeratin (CK) that shows restricted expression in the gastrointestinal epithelium, urothelium, and Merkel cell. Recent studies have suggested that since Merkel cell (primary cutaneous neuroendocrine) carcinomas are consistently CK20-positive, this feature may help to distinguish it from pulmonary small cell carcinomas. However, only limited numbers of these tumors have been studied, and the pattern of CK20 expression in other small cell carcinomas has not been established. Therefore, we studied CK20 expression in small cell carcinomas from a wide variety of sites. Immunohistochemical study was performed on paraffin sections using CK20 antibody, coupled with antigen retrieval by pressure cooking in citrate buffer. The cases included 34 Merkel cell carcinomas and 89 small cell carcinomas from various sites (pulmonary, 37; gastrointestinal tract, nine; pharynx and tongue, two; sinonasal tract, three; salivary gland, five; larynx, nine; breast, two; thymus, three; uterine cervix and corpus, 12, prostate, three; urinary bladder, two; kidney, one; pancreas, one). In addition, all cases were immunostained with pan-CK (MNF-116) and low-molecular-weight CK (CAM5.2) antibodies to ascertain their epithelial nature. With the exception of one case, all Merkel cell carcinomas were CK20-positive; and 30 of the 33 cases showed a punctate pattern. Almost 100% of tumor cells were postitive, except for two cases that showed staining of 10% and 30% of tumor cells, respectively. Among the other small cell carcinomas, only five cases were CK20-positive, including one of 37 pulmonary (40% cells positive in punctate pattern), one of II cervical (10% cells positive), and three of five salivary gland (100% cells positive). We conclude that CK20-positivity in a small cell carcinoma of uncertain origin strongly predicts a diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma, especially if the majority of tumor cells are positive. A negative CK20 reaction can practically rule out Merkel cell carcinoma, provided that an effective antigen retrieval technique is used and appropriate staining is obtained with other cytokeratin antibodies. The frequent CK20 positivity observed in salivary gland small cell carcinomas in this series : suggests that at least some of them may be more closely related biologically to Merkel cell carcinoma than to pulmonary-type small cell carcinoma. This may explain why they are far less clinically aggressive than other small cell carcinomas. C1 MT SINAI MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,MIAMI,FL. UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,MIAMI,FL. USAF,INST PATHOL,DEPT OTOLARYNG & ENDOCRINE PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20330. RP Chan, JKC (reprint author), QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,WYLIE RD,KOWLOON,HONG KONG. NR 30 TC 190 Z9 196 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0147-5185 J9 AM J SURG PATHOL JI Am. J. Surg. Pathol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 21 IS 2 BP 226 EP 234 DI 10.1097/00000478-199702000-00014 PG 9 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA WH873 UT WOS:A1997WH87300014 PM 9042291 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Saba, CS Wolf, JD Wright, RL AF Johnson, DW Saba, CS Wolf, JD Wright, RL TI Temperature-resolved molecular emission spectroscopy: An analytical technique for solid materials SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAVITY ANALYSIS; FLAME AB Temperature-resolved molecular emission spectroscopy is described as a thermal analysis method for the analysis of solids and liquids. The technique uses an electrically heated graphite cup to decompose and/or vaporize the sample. The vapors are carried Bay a stream of argon into a cool hydrogen diffusion flame. Both the quantity and the nature of the decomposed species can be determined, The technique is particularly useful for the determination of sulfur, phosphorus, or nitrogen. Calibration curves for sulfur show the expected parabolic shape, and those for phosphorus are linear, The detection limit for elemental sulfur was determined to be approximately 50 ng. The evolution of sulfur is shown to be related to the decomposition temperature which is characteristic of the sulfur-containing species. Reproducibility of the decomposition temperatures is typically +/-2%. C1 UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. UNIV DAYTON,DEPT CHEM,DAYTON,OH 45469. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,POSL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 3 BP 532 EP 535 DI 10.1021/ac960861j PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WF041 UT WOS:A1997WF04100039 PM 21639203 ER PT J AU Affleck, PJ Waisel, DB Cusick, JM VanDecar, T AF Affleck, PJ Waisel, DB Cusick, JM VanDecar, T TI Informed consent in labor SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 84 SU 2 BP S380 EP S380 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA WF780 UT WOS:A1997WF78000380 ER PT J AU Nordlie, WC Waisel, DB AF Nordlie, WC Waisel, DB TI Trends in publishing in Anesthesia and Analgesia SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 84 SU 2 BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA WF780 UT WOS:A1997WF78000046 ER PT J AU Renzema, RS Fletcher, LR Ellis, JS AF Renzema, RS Fletcher, LR Ellis, JS TI Clinically significant aspiration pneumonitis has decreased from 1991-1995 in comparison to 1982-1986 in a teaching hospital SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 84 SU 2 BP S205 EP S205 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA WF780 UT WOS:A1997WF78000205 ER PT J AU Roberts, JR Ellis, JS AF Roberts, JR Ellis, JS TI Improved outcome measurements in patients using chronic opioids for nonmalignant pain SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 84 SU 2 BP S327 EP S327 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA WF780 UT WOS:A1997WF78000326 ER PT J AU Scheu, KL AF Scheu, KL TI Regional anesthesia equipment checkout recommendations SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 84 SU 2 BP S264 EP S264 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA WF780 UT WOS:A1997WF78000264 ER PT J AU Venticinque, SG Waisel, DB AF Venticinque, SG Waisel, DB TI A Doppler fitted gum elastic bougie can differentiate between tracheal and esophageal lumens SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 84 SU 2 BP S276 EP S276 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA WF780 UT WOS:A1997WF78000276 ER PT J AU Miller, MD AF Miller, MD TI Arthroscopically assisted reduction and fixation of an adult Tillaux fracture of the ankle SO ARTHROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Tillaux fracture; ankle arthroscopy; ankle fracture AB We describe the first report of arthroscopically-assisted reduction and fixation of an adult Tillaux fracture. Anatomic reduction of the fracture was possible with arthroscopic visualization. Adjunctive use of the arthroscope for accurate reduction of intraarticular fractures, which has been successful in the management of distal radius and tibial plateau fractures, can also be used for adult Tillaux fractures of the ankle. RP Miller, MD (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,USAF ACAD,10 MDG-SGOSO,4102 PINION DR,SUITE 100,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 6 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD FEB PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 117 EP 119 DI 10.1016/S0749-8063(97)90220-6 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA WK052 UT WOS:A1997WK05200018 PM 9043615 ER PT J AU McGlohn, SE King, RE Butler, JW Retzlaff, PD AF McGlohn, SE King, RE Butler, JW Retzlaff, PD TI Female United States Air Force (USAF) pilots: Themes, challenges, and possible solutions SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GENDER AB Background: Identification of stresses of mixed-gender squadrons, attention to the psychological concerns of pilots in combat, and recognition of the difficulties of balancing a career and family are important in today's United States Air Force (USAF). What qualities are desirable in male and female pilots in combat situations, how do men and women view their career and family goals, and how do men and women work together in day-to-day squadron activities versus deployment and combat situations? Methods: A semi-structured clinical interview sought information about personal/family health, squadron relationships, and career/deployment stresses. The interview covered the effect of grounding for more than 30 d, motivation to fly, health decrements due to aircraft design, teamwork difficulties and blocks to success, career demands, combat and prisoner of war (POW) concerns, stress and coping styles, flying goals, and family/health concerns. There were 114 (64 male and 50 female) pilots who participated in the study. Results: The majority of male pilots interviewed asserted that they would be more protective of a woman in combat than a man and were concerned about their reaction to a female POW. Many women were concerned about being used to exploit men in a POW camp. The majority of pilots believed women were well integrated into their squadrons. Those interviewed reported that the squadron members with the most difficulty dealing with women were older males, including enlisted crew and some commanders. Conclusion: The information gained from this study will assist the USAF in understanding and coping with the psychological stresses associated with combat, deployment, and mixed-gender squadrons. C1 USAF,SCH AEROSP MED,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. UNIV NO COLORADO,GREELEY,CO 80639. RP McGlohn, SE (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,AOCN,2507 KENNEDY CIRCLE,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 68 IS 2 BP 132 EP 136 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA WG529 UT WOS:A1997WG52900007 PM 9125089 ER PT J AU Johnson, G Hunt, ME Determan, WR HoSang, PA Ivanenok, J Schuller, M AF Johnson, G Hunt, ME Determan, WR HoSang, PA Ivanenok, J Schuller, M TI Design and integration of a solar AMTEC power system with an advanced global positioning satellite SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB A 1,200-W solar AMTEC (alkali metal thermal-to-electric conversion) power system concept was developed and integrated with an advanced global positioning system (GPS) satellite. The critical integration issues for the SAMTEC with the GPS subsystems included: 1) packaging within the Delta II launch vehicle envelope; 2) deployment and start-up operations for the SAMTEC; 3) SAMTEC operation during all mission phases; 4) satellite field of view restrictions with satellite operations; and 5) effect of the SAMTEC requirements on other satellite subsystems. The SAMTEC power system was compared with a conventional planar solar array/battery power system to assess the differences in system weight, size, and operations. Features of the design include the use of an advanced multitube, vapor anode AMTEC cell design with 24% conversion efficiency, and a direct solar insolation receiver design with integral LiF salt canisters for energy storage to generate power during the maximum solar eclipse cycle. The modular generator design consists of an array of multitube AMTEC cells arranged into a parallel/series electrical network with built-in cell redundancy. Our preliminary assessment indicates that the solar generator design is scaleable over a 500 to 2,500-W range. No battery power is required during the operational phase of the GPS mission. SAMTEC specific power levels greater than 5 We/kg and 160 We/m(2) are anticipated for a mission duration of 10 to 12 years in orbits with high natural radiation backgrounds. C1 ROCKWELL AEROSP SPACE SYST,DOWNEY,CA 90241. ADV MODULAR POWER SYST INC,ANN ARBOR,MI 48108. USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,VTPN SPACE & MISSILE DIV,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Johnson, G (reprint author), ROCKETDYNE,ROCKWELL AEROSP,6633 CANOGA AVE,POB 7922,CANOGA PK,CA 91309, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 12 IS 2 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1109/62.577437 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA WG540 UT WOS:A1997WG54000012 ER PT J AU Wang, HS Effenberger, FJ LiKamWa, P Miller, A AF Wang, HS Effenberger, FJ LiKamWa, P Miller, A TI Ultrafast cross-well carrier transport in a strained multiple-quantum-well InGaAs-GaAs p-i-n modulator SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE mode-locked lasers; optical modulation/demodulation; optoelectronic devices; p-i-n diodes; quantum-confined; Stark effect; quantum-well devices; semiconductor device modeling; ultrafast optics ID EFFECT DEVICES; ELECTRON; SWEEP; TIME AB We report ultrafast optical pump-probe measurements of cross-well carrier transport in a strained multiple-quantum-well InGaAs-GaAs p-i-n modulator. The transmission response of the modulator is recorded over a range of reverse bias values, wavelengths, and power levels, producing several qualitatively different response types, A simplified physical model is developed to describe this behavior, This model includes transmission changes due to exciton saturation and excitonic field screening, carrier emission from the quantum wells and drift through the intrinsic region, and voltage diffusion across the p- and n-doped electrodes. This model agrees well with the experimental data. C1 USAF,ROME LAB,PHOTON CTR,ROME,NY 13441. BELLCORE,MORRISTOWN,NJ 07960. UNIV CENT FLORIDA,CTR RES & EDUC OPT & LASERS,ORLANDO,FL 32816. UNIV ST ANDREWS,DEPT PHYS,ST ANDREWS KY16 9SS,FIFE,SCOTLAND. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 33 IS 2 BP 192 EP 197 DI 10.1109/3.552259 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA WD894 UT WOS:A1997WD89400009 ER PT J AU Grant, KP Baumgardner, CR Shane, GS AF Grant, KP Baumgardner, CR Shane, GS TI The perceived importance of technical competence to project managers in the defense acquisition community SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SUCCESS AB Numerous studies have identified attributes which are associated with effective project managers, One of the more frequently cited attributes is technical competence, This study surveyed 228 project managers from the government sector of the defense aerospace community to determine the importance of technical competence to project managers, More importantly, this study examined the influence of several personal and situational factors on the perceived importance of technical competence. The factors included: the experience level of the project manager, the amount of technical education completed by the project manager, the level of technology employed in the project, the phase of the project, and the caliber of the project team, This study determined the perceived importance of technical competence did not vary by level of experience, though project managers who possessed more technical education perceived technical competence to be more important, With regard to the situational factors, the level of technology did not influence the perceived importance of technical competence, However, technical competence was perceived to be more important during earlier phases of the acquisition process, Further, technical competence was perceived to be more important for managers of extremely good teams and mediocre teams than it was to managers of reasonably good teams. C1 UNRSO,DISO,SCOTT AFB,IL 62225. USAF,INST TECHNOL,LA,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 44 IS 1 BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.1109/17.552804 PG 8 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA WD741 UT WOS:A1997WD74100003 ER PT J AU Stonebraker, JS Kirkwood, CW AF Stonebraker, JS Kirkwood, CW TI Formulating and solving sequential decision analysis models with continuous variables SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE continuous variables; decision analysis; government; model formulation; R&D planning; resource allocation; strategic planning ID PROJECT SELECTION; DISCRETE APPROXIMATIONS; UNCERTAINTY AB This paper presents a new decision analysis approach for modeling decision problems with continuous decision and/or random variables, and applies the approach to a research and development (R&D) planning problem, The approach allows for compact, natural formulation for classes of decision problems that are less appropriately addressed with standard discrete-variable decision analysis methods, Thus it provides a useful alternative analysis approach for problems that are often addressed in practice using simulation risk analysis methods, An illustrative application is presented to energy system R&D planning, The continuous-variable version of this model more directly represents the structure of the decision than a discrete approximation, and the resulting model can be efficiently solved using standard nonlinear optimization methods. C1 ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT MANAGEMENT,TEMPE,AZ 85287. RP Stonebraker, JS (reprint author), QUAL OFF,HEADQUARTER AIR MOBIL COMMAND,SCOTT AFB,IL 62225, USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 44 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1109/17.552807 PG 11 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA WD741 UT WOS:A1997WD74100006 ER PT J AU Goldstein, JS Reed, IS AF Goldstein, JS Reed, IS TI Reduced-rank adaptive filtering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB A novel rank reduction scheme is introduced for adaptive filtering problems. This rank reduction method uses a cross-spectral metric to select the optimal lower dimensional subspace for reduced-rank adaptive filtering as a function of the basis vectors of the full-rank spade. C1 UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT ELECT ENGN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. RP Goldstein, JS (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,ROME,NY 13441, USA. NR 11 TC 150 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 492 EP 496 DI 10.1109/78.554317 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA WG259 UT WOS:A1997WG25900021 ER PT J AU Chen, CLP Lu, Y AF Chen, CLP Lu, Y TI FUZZ: A fuzzy-based concept formation system that integrates human categorization and numerical clustering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article ID BASIC CATEGORIES; CONSTRUCTION; MODEL AB Recently, psychologists proposed the prototype theory of concept representation, in which a concept is organized around a best example or so-called prototype. Most proponents of the prototype theory conceive that objects may fall in a concept to some degree rather than the all-or-none membership in the classical theory, Fuzzy-set theory is compatible with the basic premises of the prototype theory of concept representation, Concept formation is defined as a machine learning task that captures concepts through categorizing the observation of objects and also uses them in classifying future experiences, A reasonable computational model of concept formation must reflect the characteristics of human concept learning and categorization, In this paper, the design and implementation of a fuzzy-set based concept formation system (FUZZ) is presented. The main feature of the FUZZ is that the concept hierarchy is nondisjoint, in which an instance may belong to two categories in different memberships, An information-theoretic evaluation measure called category binding to direct searches in the FUZZ is proposed, The learning and classification algorithms of the FUZZ are also given, In order to examine FUZZ's behavior, the results of some experiments are examined. C1 WRIGHT LAB, MAT LAB, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. HUBLINK INC, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA. RP Chen, CLP (reprint author), WRIGHT STATE UNIV, DEPT COMP SCI & ENGN, DAYTON, OH 45435 USA. RI Chen, C. L. Philip/O-2657-2016 OI Chen, C. L. Philip/0000-0001-5451-7230 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4419 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY B JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B-Cybern. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 79 EP 94 DI 10.1109/3477.552187 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA WD892 UT WOS:A1997WD89200007 PM 18255841 ER PT J AU Bright, VM Comtois, JH Reid, JR Sene, DE AF Bright, VM Comtois, JH Reid, JR Sene, DE TI Surface micromachined micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE MEMS; micromachining; micromirror; micro-optics; microactuator AB The growing availability of commercial foundry processes allows easy implementation of micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS) For a variety of applications. Such applications go beyond single devices to include whole optical systems on a chip, consisting of mirrors, gratings, Fresnel lenses and shutters, for example. Hinged and rotating structures, combined with powerful and compact thermal actuators, provide the means for positioning and operating these optical components. This paper presents examples of such systems built in a commercial polycrystalline silicon surface-micromachining process, the ARPA-sponsored Multi-User MEMS ProcesS (MUMPS). Examples range from optical subcomponents to large mirror arrays, communication components, and micro-interferometers. Using the examples discussed in this paper, a designer can take advantage of commercially available surface-micromachining processes to design and develop MOEMS without the need for extensive in-house micromachining capabilities. RP Bright, VM (reprint author), USAF, INST TECHNOL, DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 0916-8524 EI 1745-1353 J9 IEICE T ELECTRON JI IEICE Trans. Electron. PD FEB PY 1997 VL E80C IS 2 BP 206 EP 213 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA WL485 UT WOS:A1997WL48500003 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Maudlin, PJ Foster, JC AF Jones, SE Maudlin, PJ Foster, JC TI An engineering analysis of plastic wave propagation in the Taylor test SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB A new one-dimensional analysis of the Taylor impact test is presented. This analysis differs from any previously presented in that the wave mechanics are separated from the calculation of dynamic stress. The new results utilize post test measurements to estimate key parameters in the plastic wave propagation. However, these measurements are incorporated into the analysis in a very unconventional way. A comparison with continuum code calculations shows very good agreement has been achieved. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,GRP T3,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,ARMAMENT DIRECTORATE,EGLIN AFB,FL 32542. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT AEROSP ENGN & MECH,TUSCALOOSA,AL 35487, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 19 IS 2 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(96)00020-6 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA WC433 UT WOS:A1997WC43300002 ER PT J AU Novak, GM Patterson, ET AF Novak, GM Patterson, ET TI World Wide Web technology as a new teaching and learning environment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE WWW; World Wide Web; introductory physics; distance learning AB Since the introduction in 1993 of the World Wide Web and the associated multimedia technologies numerous projects are underway introducing the new tool into introductory physics teaching. This paper will describe two such undertakings: The Cockpit Physics project at the United States Air Force Academy and the WebPhysics project at Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis. C1 USAF ACAD,DEPT PHYS,HQ USAFA,DFP,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. RP Novak, GM (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,402 N BLACKFORD ST,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD FEB PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1 BP 19 EP 39 DI 10.1142/S0129183197000047 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA XA323 UT WOS:A1997XA32300003 ER PT J AU Allison, JB Breton, MR Ridgely, DB AF Allison, JB Breton, MR Ridgely, DB TI Robust performance using fixed order mixed-norm control SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Fixed order mixed-norm controllers for the F-18 aircraft ape designed to minimize the effects of wind and sensor noise while following a normal acceleration command. The basic objective was to develop a controller of low order that provides good wind and noise response while exhibiting robust performance in terms of command-following in the face of changing Fight conditions. Controllers were designed using single norm methods as well as mixed H-2/H-infinity control with single and multiple constraints and mixed H-2/mu optimization. Comparisons illustrate the advantages of mixed H-2/mu optimization with respect to noise response and controller order while guaranteeing robust performance. RP Allison, JB (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,BLDG 640,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0020-7721 J9 INT J SYST SCI JI Int. J. Syst. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 2 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.1080/00207729708929378 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA WJ603 UT WOS:A1997WJ60300009 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Manasreh, MO AF Huang, DH Manasreh, MO TI Exchange interaction effect on the dark current in n-type AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells infrared detectors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERSUBBAND TRANSITION; PHOTODETECTORS; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; DENSITY; BAND AB A many-body model based on the self-consistent screened Hartree-Fock approximation is, used to study the electron-electron exchange interaction effect on the dark current in n-type AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells infrared detectors. This is accomplished by taking the difference between the dark current calculated from the single-particle model and that obtained from the many-body model. This difference is found to be independent of the electron mobility and the saturation velocity. The difference in the dark current was studied as a function of the bias voltage, doping concentration, and temperature. The results predict that the dark current obtained from the single-particle model is overestimated as much as an order of magnitude at low temperatures and high doping concentrations. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,VTRP,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,BLDG 426,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 3 BP 1305 EP 1310 DI 10.1063/1.363910 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WF017 UT WOS:A1997WF01700044 ER PT J AU Ahoujja, M Elhamri, S Newrock, RS Mast, DB Mitchel, WC Lo, I Fathimulla, A AF Ahoujja, M Elhamri, S Newrock, RS Mast, DB Mitchel, WC Lo, I Fathimulla, A TI Multiple subband population in delta-doped AlAsSb/InGaAs heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE MASS; DEPENDENCE; TRANSPORT; GAAS; INP AB We have measured the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) effect in delta-doped AlAs0.56Sb0.44/In0.53Ga0.47As heterostructures and observed a population of the second subband. Using the persistent photoconductivity effect we increased the electron density from 26.73 to 28.20x10(11) cm(-2) in the first subband and 6.61 to 7.20X10(11) cm(-2) in the second. The onset of the second subband population occurs when the first subband is filled to a density of 11.56x10(11) cm(-2). From the nonparabolic band approximation we calculated the effective masses in both subbands before illumination. The effective mass for the second subband was evaluated using the temperature dependence of the SdH amplitude. Its value agrees well with the values obtained from the k . p approximation and infrared cyclotron resonance measurements. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NATL SUN YAT SEN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,KAOHSIUNG 80424,TAIWAN. ALLIED SIGNAL AEROSP CO,MICROELECT & TECHNOL CTR,COLUMBIA,MD 21405. RP Ahoujja, M (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT PHYS,CINCINNATI,OH 45221, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 3 BP 1609 EP 1611 DI 10.1063/1.363896 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WF017 UT WOS:A1997WF01700094 ER PT J AU Miller, SC AF Miller, SC TI Doxycycline-induced lithium toxicity SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. RP Miller, SC (reprint author), USAF,MALCOM GROW REG MED CTR,RESIDENCY TRAINING PROGRAM,NATL CAPITAL AREA TRISERV,ANDREWS AFB,MD, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0271-0749 J9 J CLIN PSYCHOPHARM JI J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1 BP 54 EP 55 DI 10.1097/00004714-199702000-00010 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA WD084 UT WOS:A1997WD08400010 PM 9004058 ER PT J AU Wang, ZQ Pachter, R AF Wang, ZQ Pachter, R TI Prediction of peptide conformation: The adaptive simulated annealing approach SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-MINIMA PROBLEM; MONTE-CARLO METHOD; MOLECULAR-CONFORMATION; POLYPEPTIDES; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM; DYNAMICS; CLUSTERS; SEARCH AB We report the application of the adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) method as a global optimization approach to biomolecular structure determination, using the ECEPP/2 (empirical conformation energy program for peptides) potential energy form. As applied to Met-enkephalin, our optimization results in a conformation that is in agreement with other studies. In addition, a dominant right-handed alpha-helical conformation is predicted for a 14-residue poly (L-alanine) model peptide in a limited search range. These results show that ASA is an efficient and robust algorithm for conformational analysis. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 18 IS 3 BP 323 EP 329 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(199702)18:3<323::AID-JCC3>3.3.CO;2-X PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WF660 UT WOS:A1997WF66000003 ER PT J AU Washowich, TL Williams, SC Richardson, LA Simmons, GE Dao, NV Allen, TW Hammet, GC Morris, MJ AF Washowich, TL Williams, SC Richardson, LA Simmons, GE Dao, NV Allen, TW Hammet, GC Morris, MJ TI Detection of interstitial lung abnormalities on picture archive and communication system video monitors SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE picture archive and communication systems; computers; interstitial lung disease ID RADIOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION; DISEASE AB The purpose of this study was to compare the detection of interstitial lung abnormalities on video display workstation monitors between radiologists experienced with video image interpretation and radiologists who lack this experience. Twenty-four patients with interstitial lung abnormalities documented by high-resolution computed tomagraphy (HRCT) and lung biopsy, and 26 control patients with no history of pulmonary disease or a normal HRCT and normal chest radiographs were studied, Images were acquired using storage phosphor digital radiography and displayed on 1.645-2,0498 pixel resolution video monitors, Five board-certified radiologists evaluated the images in a blinded and randomized manner by using a six-point presence of abnormality grading scale. Three radiologists were from 1 to 4 years out of residency and considered to be experienced workstation monitor readers with between 1 to 3 years of video monitor image interpretation. For the inexperienced readers, one radiologist bad no prior experience with reading images front a video monitor and was direct out of residency, and ti-re other radiologist had less than 4 months of intermittent exposure and was 1 year out of residency. Sensitivity and specificity were determined for individual readers. Positive predictive values, negative predictive values, accuracy, and receiver-operating curves were also generated. A comparison was made between experienced and inexperienced readers, Far readers experienced with video monitor image interpretation, the sensitivity ranged from 87.5% to 92%, specificity from 69% to 92%, positive predictive value (PPV) from 73% to 87.5%, negative predictive value (NPV) from 87% to 90%, and accuracy from 80% to 88%. For inexperienced readers, these values were sensitivity 58%, specificity 50% to 65%, PPV 52% to 61%, NPV 56.5% to 63% and accuracy 54% to 62%. Comparing image interpretation between experienced and inexperienced readers, there were statistically significant differences far sensitivity (P <.01), specificity (P <.01), PPV (P <.05), NPV (P <05), accuracy (P <.05), and area under the receiver operator curve (Az) (P <.01). Within the respective experienced and inexperienced groups, no statistical significant differences were present. Our results show that digitally acquired chest radiographs displayed on high-resolution workstation monitors are adequate for the detection of interstitial lung abnormalities when the images are interpreted by radiologists experienced with Yideo image interpretation. Radiologists inexperienced with video monitor image interpretation, however, cannot reliably interpret images for the detection of interstitial lung abnormalities. Copyright (C) 1937 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PULM MED,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. MADIGAN ARMY MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,FT LEWIS,WA. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. RP Washowich, TL (reprint author), BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD FEB PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WL602 UT WOS:A1997WL60200006 PM 9147526 ER PT J AU Vigil, GV Wayman, BE Dazey, SE Fowler, CB Bradley, DV AF Vigil, GV Wayman, BE Dazey, SE Fowler, CB Bradley, DV TI Identification and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from periapical lesions SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID ROOT CANALS; INFECTIONS; PATHOSIS AB Periradicular tissues from 28 refractory endodontic cases requiring surgical intervention were submitted for histological diagnosis and microbiological culture. Bacteria isolated from these lesions were identified and then tested for their antibiotic sensitivity to a panel of common antibiotics. The periapical tissue specimens of 22 out of 28 lesions (79%) contained microorganisms. Of the 22 cases showing positive growth cultures, 15 were polymicrobial and 7 were single species isolates. Fifty-three different species were recovered: 29 anaerobes, 19 facultative anaerobes, and 5 aerobes. Microbes were observed under light microscopy in only one case. The most common organisms isolated were Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus intermedius, Wolinella recta, Fusobacterium species, and Clostridium species. Antibiotic susceptibility results showed no clear cut evidence of significant antibiotic resistance among the species tested. The results of this study seem to corroborate earlier studies regarding the microbial population of periapical lesions refractory to nonsurgical endodontics. C1 CLIN DENT FLIGHT,DENT SQUADRON 7,DYESS AFB,TX. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT GEN DENT,ENDODONT SECT,LACKLAND AFB,TX. KEESLER USAF MED CTR,DENT SQUADRON 81,KEESLER AFB,MS. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,CLIN INVEST DIRECTORATE,DIV SCI LAB,LACKLAND AFB,TX. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 23 IS 2 BP 110 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0099-2399(97)80256-7 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WF109 UT WOS:A1997WF10900007 PM 9220741 ER PT J AU Cheal, ML Gregory, M AF Cheal, ML Gregory, M TI Evidence of limited capacity and noise reduction with single-element displays in the location-cuing paradigm SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Converging Operations in the Study of Selective Attention CY MAY, 1994 CL CHAMPAIGN, IL ID FORM DISCRIMINATION; VISUAL-SEARCH; EXOGENOUS CUE; ATTENTION; PERCEPTION; ALLOCATION; BENEFITS; ACCURACY; PRECUE; IDENTIFICATION AB Precuing a location facilitates accuracy of identification of a target at that location and reduces noise from other nontarget characters in a multicharacter field. In 5 experiments, evidence for facilitation included higher accuracy with long precue-target intervals than with short intervals and higher accuracy when a precue indicated the correct location than when it indicated the wrong location. These results were found for each target-mask condition used (1 target with 1 mask, 1 target with 4 masks, or 1 target and 3 nontargets with 4 masks) in experienced and inexperienced observers. Evidence for noise reduction was found because accuracy was higher in the 1 target-1 mask condition than in the other conditions on correctly cued trials with short cue-target intervals and on incorrectly cued trials. Data are related to methodological factors that are important to obtaining these effects and to capacity and noise reduction models. C1 UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT IND & MANAGEMENT SYST ENGN,PERCEPT LAB,TEMPE,AZ 85287. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,TEMPE,AZ 85287. USAF ACAD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. NR 46 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0096-1523 J9 J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN JI J. Exp. Psychol.-Hum. Percept. Perform. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 23 IS 1 BP 51 EP 71 PG 21 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA WF089 UT WOS:A1997WF08900004 PM 9157188 ER PT J AU Chun, FK Russell, CT AF Chun, FK Russell, CT TI Field-aligned currents in the inner magnetosphere: Control by geomagnetic activity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; BIRKELAND CURRENTS; NORTHWARD IMF; SUBSTORMS; EXPANSION; BOUNDARY; PHASE AB The occurrence rate of field-aligned currents measured in the Earth's inner magnetosphere by ISEE 1 and 2 is examined for three levels of geomagnetic activity, \AL\ less than or equal to 35 nT, 35 nT < \AL\ less than or equal to 135 nT, and \AL\ > 135 nT, using observations from 180 orbits during the period from January 1978 to February 1980. Maps of the occurrence rate of these currents in L-value/LT space are provided at each of the three levels of activity. There is a clear distinction of the field-aligned current (FAC) occurrence rate between the three levels of activity. At low activity, FACs are observed. at high L values and near dawn/dusk and midnight regions, with the dawn/dusk FACs perhaps being associated with the viscous solar wind-magnetospheric interaction along the flanks of the magnetopause. At intermediate levels of activity, FACs are observed with greater frequency at lower L values and throughout a larger range of local times, indicating internal stress buildup in the magnetosphere. When auroral activity levels are high, magnetospheric internal stresses become even greater, leading to widespread occurrence of FACs in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. Field-aligned currents in the magnetosphere show as much range in strength as the currents flowing in the auroral ionosphere and vary in concert with these currents. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. RP USAF ACAD, DEPT PHYS, 2354 FAIRCHILD DR, SUITE 2A6, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80840 USA. OI Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 102 IS A2 BP 2261 EP 2270 DI 10.1029/96JA01819 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WF648 UT WOS:A1997WF64800024 ER PT J AU Posta, CG AF Posta, CG TI Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair with extraperitoneal double mesh technique SO JOURNAL OF LAPAROENDOSCOPIC & ADVANCED SURGICAL TECHNIQUES-PART A LA English DT Article ID HERNIORRHAPHY AB Extraperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is a technically demanding procedure, with potential injuries to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and the inferior epigastric vessels, The double mesh technique developed is designed to address these issues, The procedure is a technical variation to the totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair that avoids stapling in crucial areas and also provides a more secure inguinal floor by adjusting the second mesh to the area of weakness. Over a 20-month period 42 hernias were repaired using this technique that will be described in detail. The results are uniformly excellent with no recurrences documented during the observation period and the method is presented here for consideration in the laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernias. C1 USAF HOSP,GEN SURG SERV,HILL AFB,UT 84056. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1092-6429 J9 J LAPAROENDOSC ADV A JI J. Laparoendosc. Adv. Part A PD FEB PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1089/lap.1997.7.19 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA XT212 UT WOS:A1997XT21200004 PM 9453861 ER PT J AU Posta, CG AF Posta, CG TI Technical report: Blunt preperitoneal finger dissection during extraperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: An effective alternative to instrumental techniques - Reply SO JOURNAL OF LAPAROENDOSCOPIC & ADVANCED SURGICAL TECHNIQUES-PART A LA English DT Letter RP Posta, CG (reprint author), USAF,HILL AFB HOSP,SURG CLIN,MED GRP 75,HILL AFB,UT 84056, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1092-6429 J9 J LAPAROENDOSC ADV A JI J. Laparoendosc. Adv. Part A PD FEB PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 70 EP 71 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA XT212 UT WOS:A1997XT21200012 ER PT J AU Lupo, JA Pachter, R AF Lupo, JA Pachter, R TI Molecular dynamics of bacteriorhodopsin SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Article ID KALMAN FILTER TECHNIQUE; SIMULATION; ENERGY AB A model of bacteriorhodopsin (bR), with a retinal chromophore attached, has been derived for a molecular dynamics simulation. A method for determining atomic coordinates of several ill-defined strands was developed using a structure prediction algorithm based on a sequential Kalman filter technique. The completed structure was minimized using the GROMOS force field. The structure was then heated to 293 K and run for 500 ps at constant temperature. A comparison with the energy-minimized structure showed a slow increase in the all-atom RMS deviation over the first 200 ps, leveling off to approximately 2.4 Angstrom relative to the starting structure. The final structure yielded a backbone-atom RMS deviation from the crystallographic structure of 2.8 Angstrom. The residue neighbors of the chromophore atoms were followed as a function of time. The set of persistent near-residue neighbors supports the theory that differences in pK(a) values control access to the Schiff base proton, rather than formation of a counterion complex. (C) 1997 by Elsevier Science Inc. RP Lupo, JA (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLPJ BLDG 651,3005 P ST,SUITE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1093-3263 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP & DI 10.1016/S1093-3263(97)00016-8 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA YG007 UT WOS:A1997YG00700002 PM 9346818 ER PT J AU Evans, DB AF Evans, DB TI Correcting the fit of implant-retained restorations by electric discharge machining SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article AB Discrepancies in the passive fit of an implant-retained restoration to its supporting abutments are occasionally encountered during the clinical try-in and evaluation appointment. Frequently, the framework must then be sectioned and meticulously soldered to achieve accurate seating of the prosthesis. Furthermore, it may be necessary to remove the restoration's existing esthetic porcelain or resin veneer to improve access for soldering. These traditional corrective procedures are likely to require another patient appointment and significant laboratory time. This article describes the alternative use of electric discharge machining to correct the fit of implant-retained restorations that display incomplete seating during the clinical try-in appointment. C1 KADENA AIR BASE,KADENA AREA DENT LAB,OKINAWA,JAPAN. USAF,DENTAL CORPS,OKINAWA,JAPAN. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 77 IS 2 BP 212 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(97)70238-5 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WJ365 UT WOS:A1997WJ36500021 PM 9051612 ER PT J AU Cinibulk, MK AF Cinibulk, MK TI Deposition of oxide coatings on fiber cloths by electrostatic attraction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; ALUMINA; INTERFACE; BEHAVIOR; SUSPENSIONS; PARTICLES; PACKING; SURFACE AB Electrostatic attraction has been used to deposit alumina and mullite coatings onto woven cloths of Nicalon fiber. This approach produced uniformly coated cloths while minimizing the dependence on the wetting relationship between the fiber and the coating precursor. The use of low sol concentrations (less than or equal to 1 g/L) facilitated the removal of excess sol from the cloth. Water was used to further displace excess aqueous sol from the cloth to give minimal fiber-fiber bridging while maintaining uniform fiber coatings. The use of a polyelectrolyte enabled multiple deposition of coatings onto the fibers in the cloth. Multiple coating steps resulted in completely coated fiber surfaces; coverage was limited to <50% with only a single coating step. Vacuum infiltration was necessary to remove entrapped air from the cloths during coating. A discussion of wetting and infiltration of fiber cloths has been presented, which highlights issues that are critical for obtaining uniformly coated fibers and minimal fiber bridging in a woven-fiber cloth or preform. RP Cinibulk, MK (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 80 IS 2 BP 453 EP 460 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA WK085 UT WOS:A1997WK08500025 ER PT J AU Kerans, RJ Rebillat, F Lamon, J AF Kerans, RJ Rebillat, F Lamon, J TI Fiber-matrix interface properties of single-fiber microcomposites as measured by fiber pushin tests SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC COMPOSITES AB Fiber pushin tests have been performed on single-fiber microcomposite specimens embedded in glass. The interface properties determined were in agreement with those previously determined by two methods from tensile tests on microcomposites. The uncertainties in the interface properties calculated from the microcomposite pushin tests were not found to benefit from the superior alignment of the microcomposite specimens, as compared to literature results from composite specimens. C1 UNIV BORDEAUX 1,SOC EUROPEENE PROPUL,CNRS,LAB COMPOSITES THERMOSTRUCT,UMR,F-33600 PESSAC,FRANCE. RP Kerans, RJ (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 80 IS 2 BP 506 EP 508 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA WK085 UT WOS:A1997WK08500033 ER PT J AU Whitney, E Clearfield, M Downs, JR Shapiro, DR Stein, EA Beere, PA Gotto, KM AF Whitney, E Clearfield, M Downs, JR Shapiro, DR Stein, EA Beere, PA Gotto, KM TI Air Force Texas coronary atherosclerosis prevention study: Design and baseline characteristics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. UNIV N TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,FT WORTH,TX. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 29 IS 2 SU A BP 3163 EP 3163 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA WF761 UT WOS:A1997WF76101500 ER PT J AU Mann, RW Webster, AD AF Mann, RW Webster, AD TI An anthropologist's walk into the past SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Mann, RW (reprint author), USA,CENT IDENTIFICAT LAB,CILHI,310 WORCHESTER AVE,HICKAM AFB,HI 96853, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PODIATRIC MED ASSN PI BETHESDA PA 9312 OLD GEORGETOWN ROAD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-1621 SN 0003-0538 J9 J AM PODIAT MED ASSN JI J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 87 IS 2 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA WK596 UT WOS:A1997WK59600008 PM 9046755 ER PT J AU Look, DC Reynolds, DC Jones, RL Kim, W Aktas, O Botchkarev, A Salvador, A Morkoc, H AF Look, DC Reynolds, DC Jones, RL Kim, W Aktas, O Botchkarev, A Salvador, A Morkoc, H TI Electrical and optical properties of semi-insulating GaN SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Expert Evaluation and Control of Compound Semiconductor Materials and Technologies (EXMATEC 96) CY MAY 12-15, 1996 CL FREIBURG, GERMANY SP Deut Forschungsgemeinsch, Fraunhofer IAF, Freiberger Compound Mat DE light emitting diodes; molecular beam epitaxy; photoluminescence ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; NATIVE DEFECTS; SEMICONDUCTORS; CONDUCTION; IMPURITIES AB Molecular-beam-epitaxial (MBE) GaN layers can be made semi-insulating (SI) by using a high N flux during growth. For growth at low N flux, the samples have high concentrations (>10(18) cm(-3)) of shallow donors and shallow accepters, and also contain a deep center producing a yellow band (2.2 eV) in photoluminescence (PL). For growth at high N flux, the PL lines attributed to shallow accepters and the yellow band disappear, and the only remaining lines are due to the ground and excited states of the free-exciton A and B bands. The SI material does not produce a measurable Hall effect: and the conduction mechanism is assigned to hopping between deep defects. Using arguments from stoichiometry and theory, we tentatively assign the shallow donors, shallow accepters, and deep center to the N vacancy, Ga-antisite/Ga-vacancy complex, and Ga antisite, respectively. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USAF, WRIGHT LAB, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, MAT RES LAB, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, COORDINATED SCI LAB, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. RP WRIGHT STATE UNIV, RES CTR, DAYTON, OH 45435 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 423 EP 426 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(96)01803-X PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA XD443 UT WOS:A1997XD44300095 ER PT J AU Convertino, VA Bloomfield, SA Greenleaf, JE AF Convertino, VA Bloomfield, SA Greenleaf, JE TI An overview of the issues: Physiological effects of bed rest and restricted physical activity SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE deconditioning; exercise training; cardiovascular; muscle; bone; exercise; disuse ID MIDDLE-AGED MEN; EXERCISE; RESPONSES; CAPACITY; STRENGTH; BEDREST; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISMS; REDUCTION; ENDURANCE AB Reduction of exercise capacity with confinement to bed rest is well recognized. Underlying physiological mechanisms include dramatic reductions in maximal stroke volume, cardiac output, and oxygen uptake. However, bed rest by itself does not appear to contribute to cardiac dysfunction. Increased muscle fatigue is associated with reduced muscle blood flow, red cell volume, capillarization, and oxidative enzymes. Loss of muscle mass and bone density may be reflected by reduced muscle strength and higher risk for injury to bones and joints. The resultant deconditioning caused by bed rest can be independent of the primary disease and physically debilitating in patients who attempt to reambulate to normal active living and working. A challenge to clinicians and health care specialists has been the identification of appropriate and effective methods to restore physical capacity of patients during or after restricted physical activity associated with prolonged bed rest. The examination of physiological responses to bed rest deconditioning and exercise training in healthy subjects has provided significant information to develop effective rehabilitation treatments. The successful application of acute exercise to enhance orthostatic stability, daily endurance exercise to maintain aerobic capacity, or specific resistance exercises to maintain musculoskeletal integrity rather than the use of surgical, pharmacological, and other medical treatments for clinical conditions has been enhanced by investigation and understanding of underlying mechanisms that distinguish physical deconditioning from the disease. This symposium presents an overview of cardiovascular and musculoskeletal deconditioning associated with reduced physical work capacity following prolonged bed rest and exercise training regimens that have proven successful in ameliorating or reversing these adverse effects. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT HLTH & KINESIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NASA,AMES RES CTR,DIV LIFE SCI,LAB HUMAN ENVIRONM PHYSIOL,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP Convertino, VA (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,AOCY,PHYSIOL RES BRANCH,DIV CLIN SCI,2507 KENNEDY CIRCLE,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 48 TC 137 Z9 150 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 29 IS 2 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1097/00005768-199702000-00004 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA WH755 UT WOS:A1997WH75500004 PM 9044221 ER PT J AU Convertino, VA AF Convertino, VA TI Cardiovascular consequences of bed rest: Effect on maximal oxygen uptake SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE heart rate; stroke volume; cardiac output; cardiac function; autonomic function; blood volume; venous compliance; blood flow; capillarization ID MIDDLE-AGED MEN; SIMULATED WEIGHTLESSNESS; EXERCISE CAPACITY; RESPONSES; MICROGRAVITY; BEDREST AB Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is reduced in healthy individuals confined to bed rest, suggesting it is independent of any disease state. The magnitude of reduction in VO2max is dependent on duration of bed rest and the initial level of aerobic fitness (VO2max), but it appears to be independent of age or gender. Bed rest induces an elevated maximal heart rate which, in turn, is associated with decreased cardiac vagal tone, increased sympathetic catecholamine secretion, and greater cardiac beta-receptor sensitivity. Despite the elevation in heart rate, VO2max is reduced primarily from decreased maximal stroke volume and cardiac output. An elevated ejection fraction during exercise following bed rest suggests that the lower stroke volume is not caused by ventricular dysfunction but is primarily the result of decreased venous return associated with lower circulating blood volume, reduced central venous pressure, and higher venous compliance in the lower extremities. VO2max, stroke volume, and cardiac output are further compromised by exercise in the upright posture. The contribution of hypovolemia to reduced cardiac output during exercise following bed rest is supported by the close relationship between the relative magnitude (%Delta) and time course of change in blood volume and VO2max during bed rest, and also by the fact that retention of plasma volume is associated with maintenance of VO2max after bed rest. Arteriovenous oxygen difference during maximal exercise is not altered by bed rest, suggesting that peripheral mechanisms may not contribute significantly to the decreased VO2max. However, reduction in baseline and maximal muscle blood flow, red blood cell volume, and capillarization in working muscles represent peripheral mechanisms that may contribute to limited oxygen delivery and, subsequently, lowered VO2max. Thus, alterations in cardiac and vascular functions induced by prolonged confinement to bed rest contribute to diminution of maximal oxygen uptake and reserve capacity to perform physical work. RP Convertino, VA (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,AOCY,DIV CLIN SCI,PHYSIOL RES BRANCH,2507 KENNEDY CIRCLE,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 48 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 29 IS 2 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1097/00005768-199702000-00005 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA WH755 UT WOS:A1997WH75500005 PM 9044222 ER PT J AU Boehlert, CJ Majumdar, BS Krishnpurthy, S Miracle, DB AF Boehlert, CJ Majumdar, BS Krishnpurthy, S Miracle, DB TI Role of matrix microstructure on: Room-temperature tensile properties and fiber-strength utilization of an orthorhombic Ti-alloy-based composite SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TI-24AL-15NB ALLOY; PHASE; TRANSFORMATIONS; DEFORMATION; MECHANISMS AB Microstructure-property understanding obtained for a nominally Ti-25Al-17Nb (at; pet) monolithic sheet alloy was used to heat treat a unidirectional four-ply SCS-6/Ti-25Al-17Nb metal-matrix composite (MMC) and a fiberless ''neat'' material of the same alloy for enhancing mechanical properties. The unreinforced alloy and [0](4) composite recorded significant improvements' in ductility and strength, which were related to-the microstructural condition. Modeling of the tensile strength based on fiber fracture statistics helped in understanding how improved matrix microstructure provided more efficient utilization of fiber strength. In comparison to the [0](4) MMC, improvement of the [90](4) response was negligible, which was related to an alpha(2) stabilized zone around the fiber. A Nb coating on the fiber was used to modify the local microstructure, and it produced a modest improvement in strength and ductility in the transverse direction. Structure-property relations of the matrix under different heat-treatment conditions are described in terms of deformation and failure mechanisms of the constituent phases; alpha(2) (ordered hexagonal close-packed), B2 (ordered body-centered cubic), and O (ordered orthorhombic based on Ti2AlNb). C1 WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Boehlert, CJ (reprint author), UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC,DAYTON,OH 45432, USA. NR 38 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 2 BP 309 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s11661-997-0134-2 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WL436 UT WOS:A1997WL43600007 ER PT J AU Nemeth, JF Sherman, LR Mills, SE Plamondon, TJ AF Nemeth, JF Sherman, LR Mills, SE Plamondon, TJ TI The measurement of chlorine activity in biofilm contaminated dental unit water lines SO MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BACTERIA AB Potentially pathogenic microorganisms may participate in the formation of microbial biofilms on the interior walls of the plastic tubing used to supply coolant and irrigating water in dental units. A program was designed to test the effect of diluted commercial bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite) on bacteria colonizing dental unit water lines. A baseline bacteriological assay was performed on 24 dental units located at four separate institutional dental clinics located in the same metropolitan area. Twelve units at three clinics (designated Clinics I, II, and III) had been treated once weekly with 1:10 NaOCl for periods ranging from 6 mo to 6 yr. Twelve units at Clinic IV, which had never been treated with hypochlorite, were selected for a 28-day study of the effectiveness of two dilutions (1:10, 1:100) of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for control of biofilm growth in dental water Lines. Eight units were treated weekly with either 1:10 or 1:100 solutions of commercial bleach. The four control units were treated only with sterile deionized water. The eight units at Dental Clinics I and II had relatively low levels of planktonic bacterial colony forming units/ml (CFU/ml) ranging from 0 to 8.8 x 10(3) CFU/ml with a mean of 1.1 x 10(3) CFU/ml (5 of 8 units had 0 CFU/ml and two had only 30 CFU/ml). Characteristic profile curves were produced when chlorine concentration (ppm) was plotted versus a cumulative volume of solution hushed through the units. The chlorine concentration showed very little initial change, then rapidly fell to zero as the solutions were flushed from the units with sterile deionized water. The total chlorine mass recovered at these clinics varied from 94 to 101.7%, with the average being approximately 96%. When chlorine concentration was plotted against the total volume of effluent recovered (including diluent), a characteristic chlorine profile curves resulted which was dubbed a Type I Curve. Planktonic bacteria counts at Clinics III and IV were much higher (Clinic III range: 1 x 10(2) CFU/ml to 4.8 x 10(5) CFU/ml, median: 1.0 x 10(4) CFU/ml; Clinic IV range: 5.6 x 10(4) CFU/ml to 1.1 x 10(6) CFU/ml, mean: 4.7 x 10(5) CFU/ml), suggesting high levels of biofilm contamination. The chlorine recovered from Clinics III and IV varied from 40 to 88% with the average being 80%. The chlorine profile curves for the units at Clinics III and IV initially fell very rapidly, then more slowly as sterile distilled water was used to flush residual hypochlorite from the lines throughout the dilution flush phase of the treatment. These curves were called Type II Curves. The difference in the two profile curves may be due to absorption and reaction of the available chlorine by adherent biofilms. At the conclusion of the 28-day treatment of Clinic IV units, the average percent chlorine recovered for the 1:10 NaOCl group increased to 99.7% and the profile curves yielded the same characteristics as those observed for Clinics I and II, suggesting low levels of microbial contamination. Although each subsequent treatment of units in the 1:100 NaOCl group consumed less chlorine than the previous treatment, planktonic bacteria were still recovered at the end of the 28 day study (range: 30 CFU/ml to 5 x 10(6) CFU/ml, median: 130 CFU/ml). A linear regression of all samples (n = 52) using the percentage of active chlorine recovered versus log CFU/ml yielded an inverse relationship, indicating that there is an indirect relationship between the amount of chlorine consumed when treating a dental unit and the number of planktonic bacteria in the water lines. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV SCRANTON,DEPT CHEM,SCRANTON,PA 18510. ARMSTRONG LAB,AOCD,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0026-265X J9 MICROCHEM J JI Microchem J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.1006/mchj.1996.1406 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WK309 UT WOS:A1997WK30900002 ER PT J AU Wirebaugh, SR Spencer, GA McIntyre, TH AF Wirebaugh, SR Spencer, GA McIntyre, TH TI Lisinopril use in a large military medical center SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONGESTIVE HEART-FAILURE; ENALAPRIL MALEATE; ACE INHIBITORS; MK-521 AB The results of a drug use evaluation of lisinopril at a large teaching military medical center are reported, Indicators and thresholds were developed and approved by the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. The medical charts of 227 patients for whom lisinopril was prescribed from June 1991 to June 1992 were reviewed for appropriateness of prescribing, appropriateness of monitoring, occurrence of any adverse drug reactions, and detection of drug interactions, Prescribing was appropriate in 97% and monitoring was appropriate in all reviewed cases. The most common adverse drug reactions detected were cough (7%), hypotension (3%), and rash (2%). Patients were also prescribed several drugs that may interact with lisinopril, Lisinopril appeared to be well tolerated and efficacious, Forty patients (18%) experienced adverse drug reactions related to lisinopril. There did not appear to be any major deficiencies with lisinopril prescribing and no corrective action needed to be taken other than educational activities for the appropriate use of lisinopril. Information from this drug use evaluation is useful in formulary decision making. RP Wirebaugh, SR (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PHARM,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 162 IS 2 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WG392 UT WOS:A1997WG39200013 PM 9038030 ER PT J AU Lair, AV Shaker, AW AF Lair, AV Shaker, AW TI Uniqueness of solution to a singular quasilinear elliptic problem SO NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE uniqueness; singular; quasilinear ID BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEM RP Lair, AV (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,ENC,DEPT MATH & STAT,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0362-546X J9 NONLINEAR ANAL-THEOR JI Nonlinear Anal.-Theory Methods Appl. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 3 BP 489 EP 493 DI 10.1016/0362-546X(95)00171-Q PG 5 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA VV688 UT WOS:A1997VV68800005 ER PT J AU Carretta, TR Ree, MJ AF Carretta, TR Ree, MJ TI Negligible sex differences in the relation of cognitive and psychomotor abilities SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article ID ASVAB AB Comparisons of cognitive and psychomotor aptitude factor structure were made for samples of men and women. The factor model was previously confirmed. It included two higher-order factors representing general cognitive ability (g) and psychomotor/technical knowledge (PM/TK) as well as 10 lower-order cognitive and psychomotor factors. All cognitive and psychomotor tests contributed to the factor representing g. The PM/TK factor was interpreted as representing Vernon's (1969) practical factor (k:m). The model showed acceptable fit for both sexes. The proportion of total and common variance accounted for by the higher-order factors and lower-order factors were similar for men and women. Confirmatory factor techniques that imposed statistical constraints tested if the factor loadings were the same for both groups. Although some of the differences in loadings were statistically significant, they were small in magnitude (0.05 or less). The most notable differences occurred for the loadings of two technical knowledge tests on g and for a single psychomotor tests on PM/TK. All three tests had higher loadings for men than for women. Correlations between factor loadings for men and women approached r = 1.0. These results are consistent with previous research supporting the near identity of ability structure for men and women. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Carretta, TR (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,HUMAN RESOURCES DIRECTORATE,7909 LINDBERGH DR,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0191-8869 J9 PERS INDIV DIFFER JI Pers. Individ. Differ. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 22 IS 2 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S0191-8869(96)00191-2 PG 8 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA WG707 UT WOS:A1997WG70700004 ER PT J AU Dang, TD Wang, CS Click, WE Chuah, HH Tsai, TT Husband, DM Arnold, FE AF Dang, TD Wang, CS Click, WE Chuah, HH Tsai, TT Husband, DM Arnold, FE TI Polybenzobisthiazoles with crosslinking sites for improved fibre axial compressive strength SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE rigid-rod polymers; rigid-rod copolymers; polybenzobisthiazole ID RIGID-ROD POLYMERS; CROSS-LINKING; FIBERS; COPOLYMERS; CHAIN AB A number of homo- and copolymer benzobisazole rigid-rod polymers have been synthesized, containing labile methyl pendants and benzocyclobutene groups for thermally induced crosslinking studies. Polycondensations of tetraamino, diaminodihydroxy and diaminodithio monomers with methyl, dimethyl and benzocyclobutene terephthalic acid derivatives in polyphosphoric acid (PPA) provided high molecular weight anisotropic liquid crystalline reaction mixtures. Selected benzobisthiazole polymers were dry-jet wet-spun into fibres from these PPA solutions. Depending on their thermal treatment conditions, the fibres showed Young's moduli from 18 to 43 Msi (124-296 GPa) and tensile strengths from 240 to 460 Ksi (1650-3170 MPa), comparable to those of unsubstituted benzobisazole rigid-rod polymer fibres. The highest axial compressive strength obtained from these fibres was 70 Ksi (480 MPa), a marginal improvement over that of unsubstituted rigid-rod polymer fibres. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. SHELL DEV CO,HOUSTON,TX 77001. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB PY 1997 VL 38 IS 3 BP 621 EP 629 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(96)00537-X PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA WE131 UT WOS:A1997WE13100017 ER PT J AU Russell, JD Kardos, JL AF Russell, JD Kardos, JL TI Modeling the imidization kinetics of AFR700B polyimide SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID RESIN; CURE AB AFR700B imidization was monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) by following the increase in the carbon-nitrogen bond of imide groups displayed by the 1360 cm(-1) band over several isotherms. Imidization occurred until similar to 300 degrees C (572 degrees F). This was confirmed by the presence of water up to 300 degrees C (572 degrees F) in thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectroscopy (TGA-MS) data, First, reaction kinetics were described by first-order kinetics with a fast and slow region of reaction. However, this model did not accurately describe the data in the transition from the fast to the slow reaction region. Imidization is kinetically controlled ai. short times. However, when the monomers rapidly react to forma high molecular weight polymer gel, imidization is controlled by diffusion. Therefore, a second-order kinetic/diffusion model was used to describe the imidiation kinetics, This resulted in a substantial improvement in the fit of the data. The kinetic/diffusion model can also be used to describe imidization in polyimides other than AFR700B. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. RP Russell, JD (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06804-0403 SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1 BP 64 EP 78 DI 10.1002/pc.10262 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA WK683 UT WOS:A1997WK68300008 ER PT J AU Carrino, JA McCauley, TR Katz, LD Smith, RC Lange, RC AF Carrino, JA McCauley, TR Katz, LD Smith, RC Lange, RC TI Rotator cuff: Evaluation with fast spin-echo versus conventional spin-echo MR imaging SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 RSNA Scientific Assembly CY NOV 26-DEC 01, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Radiol Soc N Amer DE magnetic resonance (MR), fat suppression; magnetic resonance (MR), pulse sequences; magnetic resonance (MR), rapid imaging; shoulder, abnormalities; shoulder, injuries ID ARTHROSCOPIC CORRELATION; PULSE SEQUENCES; NORMAL SHOULDER; TEARS; DIAGNOSIS; FAT; LESIONS; RARE AB PURPOSE: To determine if fast spin-echo (SE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can provide similar information to that of conventional SE imaging for evaluation of the rotator cuff. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-six patients underwent MR imaging with conventional SE and non-fat-suppressed fast SE sequences (65 patients) or conventional SE and fat-suppressed fast SE sequences (61 patients). Two radiologists independently graded the rotator cuff with separate and side-by-side assessment of the fast SE and conventional SE images. RESULTS: For detection of full-thickness tears, agreement between nonfat-suppressed fast SE and conventional SE images was 93.8% (kappa = 0.78 [good]) and 95.4% (kappa = 0.82 [very good]) for the two readers, respectively, and agreement between fat-suppressed fast SE and conventional SE images was 98.4% (kappa = 0.96 [very good]) and 91.8% (kappa = 0.73 [good]) for the two readers, respectively. Rotator cuff grading was similar for fast SE and conventional SE: weighted kappa 0.77 (good) and 0.68 (good) for nonfat-suppressed and weighted kappa = 0.83 (very good) and 0.67 (good) for fat-suppressed fast SE images for the two readers, respectively. CONCLUSION: Fast SE sequences yield similar interpretations as those obtained with a conventional SE sequence for evaluation of the rotator cuff. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT RADIOL,WASHINGTON,DC. ALBANY MED COLL,DEPT RADIOL,ALBANY,NY 12208. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DIAGNOST IMAGING,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. RP Carrino, JA (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,59TH MDW-PSRD,2200 BERGQUIST DR,STE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD FEB PY 1997 VL 202 IS 2 BP 533 EP 539 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WD822 UT WOS:A1997WD82200042 PM 9015086 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Seetharaman, V AF Semiatin, SL Seetharaman, V TI A criterion for intergranular failure during hot working of a near-gamma titanium aluminide alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR C1 UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC,DAYTON,OH 45432. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WL MLLM,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(96)00386-7 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WE339 UT WOS:A1997WE33900005 ER PT J AU Venugopal, S Medina, EA Malas, JC Medeiros, S Frazier, WG Mullins, WM Srinivasan, R AF Venugopal, S Medina, EA Malas, JC Medeiros, S Frazier, WG Mullins, WM Srinivasan, R TI Optimization of microstructure during deformation processing using control theory principles SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID HOT C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH & MAT ENGN,DAYTON,OH 45435. RP Venugopal, S (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT PROC DESIGN MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(96)00390-9 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WE339 UT WOS:A1997WE33900014 ER PT J AU Evans, KR Lei, T Jones, CR AF Evans, KR Lei, T Jones, CR TI Gallium incorporation kinetics during gas source molecular beam epitaxy growth of GaN SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on III-V Nitrides (TWN 95) CY SEP 21-23, 1995 CL CONGRESS CTR, NAGOYA, JAPAN SP AOARD, Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE EDS, IEEE LEOS HO CONGRESS CTR AB The kinetics of gallium incorporation during gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) growth of GaN are investigated for varying substrate temperature (T-s) and incident ammonia flux (J(NHj)). Incident Ga atoms eventually either (1) react with NH3 to form GaN, (2) accumulate on the film surface, or (3) desorb. For an incident Ga flux (J(Ga)) of 0.30 monolayer/s and an incident flux ratio of J(NH3)/J(Ga) similar to 10(3), desorption of Ga is significant for T-s above similar to 700 degrees C, and Ga surface accumulation is significant for T-s below similar to 750 degrees C. Two distinct activation energies for Ga desorption are observed: 1.4 +/- 0.1 eV for 625 degrees C < T-s < 740 degrees C and 0.4 +/- 0.1 eV for 740 degrees C < T-s < 825 degrees C. The rates of Ga desorption and Ga surface accumulation are both suppressed by increasing J(NH3). These effects combine to produce a GaN formation rate which increases with increasing J(NH3) and which peaks at T-s similar to 750 degrees C over the range of J(NH3) investigated. These results are consistent with a model based on the T-s-dependent reactivity of NH3, towards Ga and indicate the presence of a relatively complex surface chemistry, with a strong likelihood that hydrogen is playing an important role. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,RES CTR,DAYTON,OH 45435. RP Evans, KR (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,SOLID STATE SCI DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 339 EP 343 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(96)00241-9 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WF763 UT WOS:A1997WF76300046 ER PT J AU Afessa, B Cowart, RG Koenig, SM AF Afessa, B Cowart, RG Koenig, SM TI Alveolar hemorrhage in IgA nephropathy treated with plasmapheresis SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PURPURA; PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE AB A 66-year-old man had diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis due to IgA nephropathy, The diffuse alveolar hemorrhage resolved after high-dose corticosteroid therapy, and renal function improved after plasmapheresis, This response suggests an adjunctive role for plasmapheresis in the treatment of patients presenting this rare clinical picture. C1 375 MED GRP,DEPT MED,SCOTT AFB,IL. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 237 EP 239 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WH509 UT WOS:A1997WH50900016 PM 9042181 ER PT J AU Meignan, T McGinn, PJ Varanasi, C AF Meignan, T McGinn, PJ Varanasi, C TI Seeded melt texture growth processing of YBa2CU3O6+x with Yb2O3 coatings SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In an attempt to minimize the occurrence of surface nucleation events, the effects of Yb2O3 coatings on the surface of YBa2Cu3O6+x (Y-123) pellets processed by top-seeded melt texture growth processing were studied. During the melt processing of coated Y-123, Yb2O3 coatings react to form (Yb2-xYx)BaCuO5 and a Yb-containing liquid, which reduce the peritectic temperature below that of Y-123. As a result of this, during cooling, the coated surface regions will freeze last and allow the oriented domain nucleated at the seed to grow without any interference from domains nucleated at the periphery of the pellet. C1 WRIGHT PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE,DAYTON,OH. RP Meignan, T (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT CHEM ENGN,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556, USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/10/2/007 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WK203 UT WOS:A1997WK20300007 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, JC Garret, CM Snawder, JE AF Lipscomb, JC Garret, CM Snawder, JE TI Cytochrome p450-dependent metabolism of trichloroethylene: Interindividual differences in humans SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN LIVER; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATION; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; RAT-LIVER; ETHANOL; HEPATOTOXICITY; ENHANCEMENT; MICROSOMES; BENZENE AB Trichloroethylene (TRI) is an industrial solvent with a history of use in anesthesia, and is a common groundwater contaminant. Cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent metabolism of TRI produces chloral hydrate (CH) and is rate limiting in the ultimate production of trichloro- and/or dichloroacetic acid from TRI. Exposure of rodents to TRI results in lung and liver tumors (mice) and nephrotoxicity (rats). The toxicity is exacerbated by pretreatment of mice with CYP inducers. We report significant variability in TRI metabolism in a sample of 23 human hepatic microsomal samples and demonstrate the dependence of TRI metabolism on CYP2E1. K-m values in this limited sample population are not normally distributed, We have correlated microsomal CH formation with the activity toward routine CYP2E1 substrates and with immunologically detectable CYP2E1 protein. Further, TRI metabolism in microsomes from lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing CYP2E1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, or CYP3A4 indicated minimal involvement of the latter forms, with CYP2E1 catalyzing more than 60% of total microsomal TRI metabolism, These results indicate that humans are not uniform in their capacity for CYP-dependent metabolism of TRI and increased CYP2E1 activity may increase susceptibility to TRI-induced toxicity in the human. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 GEOCENTERS INC,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NIOSH,TAFT LAB,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,OL,HSC,AFMC,OET,TOXICOL DIV,OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE,2856 G ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 39 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 142 IS 2 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.1006/taap.1996.8040 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA WK174 UT WOS:A1997WK17400012 PM 9070354 ER PT J AU GlickmanWeiss, E Hearon, CM Nelson, AG AF GlickmanWeiss, E Hearon, CM Nelson, AG TI Does shivering thermogenesis enhance the individual's ability to maintain rectal temperature during immersion in cold water? SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE thermoregulation; cold water immersion; shivering thermogenesis ID INSULATION; MEN AB Shivering thermogenesis may enable individuals to maintain rectal temperature during acute cold exposure. This data analysis revisited this hypothesis and compared previously published data with unpublished data from our laboratory on those subjects that were terminated from cold water immersion early because of a reduction in rectal temperature (T-re) less than or equal to 35 degrees C. T-re mean skin temperature ((T) over bar(sk)), and oxygen uptake ((V) over dot o(2)) were recorded at 5, 30, 60, and 90 min of immersion and were used to calculate 3 Delta readings for each exposure, that is, T-30 minus T-5 T-60 minus T-30 and T-90 minus T-60. Single group t-tests were used to examine differences in Delta T-re, Delta (T) over bar(sk) and Delta(V) over dot o(2), between the published data (PD) group and the individual subjects who were terminated early (TE) at each of three water temperatures (18 degrees C, 22 degrees C, 26 degrees C). For Delta(V) over dot o(2) the TE subjects were dichotomized by fatness (low percent fat, 8%-12%; or high percent fat, 18%-22%) to account for the (V) over dot o(2), differences between these groups (i.e., fatness) during cold water immersion. Delta T-re was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in TE subjects compared with PD subjects at all timepoints for 18 degrees C and 26 degrees C. At 22 degrees C, the TE subject exhibited a significantly greater (p < 0.05) decrease in Delta T-re than the PD group at 90 min of immersion only. No significant (p > 0.05) differences in Delta (T) over bar(sk) between the PD and TE groups were detected for any of the exposure temperatures over all time points. No difference (p > 0.05) between PD subjects and TE subjects for Delta(V) over dot o(2) was exhibited at any time point at any temperature. It appears that with respect to the TE group, elevations in (V) over dot o(2) were comparable to the PD group, but the TE group was unable to maintain T-re during cold water immersion. In conclusion, from these data it appears that shivering thermogenesis does in part enhance the individual's ability to maintain T-re; however, as evidenced in the TE group, it also appears that the alterations in shivering thermogenesis for certain individuals may not be great enough to offset heat loss. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT KINESIOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP GlickmanWeiss, E (reprint author), KENT STATE UNIV,SCH EXERCISE LEISURE & SPORT,163E MACC ANNEX,KENT,OH 44242, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1580/1080-6032(1997)008[0003:DSTETI]2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA WZ703 UT WOS:A1997WZ70300001 PM 11990135 ER PT J AU Marshall, P Misra, A Berry, RJ AF Marshall, P Misra, A Berry, RJ TI Computational studies of the reactions of CH3I with H and OH SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OZONE DEPLETION; ENERGIES; POTENTIALS; IODINE; CF3I AB Transition states for attack by H and OH at the C-H and C-I bonds of CH,I have been characterized at the Gaussian-2 level of theory. The results are employed in transition state theory analyses to obtain ab initio rate constants and product branching ratios. For the H reaction the major pathway is predicted to be I-atom abstraction, while for OH attack I-I-atom abstraction is faster than HOI formation. The rate constants agree well with measurements at around room temperature and are extrapolated to combustion conditions. The contributions of the title reactions to the flame chemistry of CH3I are assessed. C1 CTR COMPUTAT MODELING NONSTRUCT MAT,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Marshall, P (reprint author), UNIV N TEXAS,DEPT CHEM,DENTON,TX 76203, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 31 PY 1997 VL 265 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(96)01400-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WF500 UT WOS:A1997WF50000007 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Nagpal, R Haaland, P AF Jiao, CQ Nagpal, R Haaland, P TI Ion chemistry in boron trichloride BCl3 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RARE-GAS ATOMS; ELECTRON-IMPACT; CROSS-SECTIONS; NEGATIVE-ION; DISCHARGES; EXCITATION; IONIZATION; DISSOCIATION; FLUORESCENCE AB Ionization of boron trichloride by electron impact has been examined by Fourier transform mass spectrometry. The parent ion, BCl3+, and three fragments ions, BCl2+, BCl+, and Cl+,are observed. The total ionization cross section is 1.0 +/- 0.1 x 10(-15) cm(2) between 30 and 60 eV. BCl+ and Cl(r)eact with neutral BCl3 to yield BCl2+ with bimolecular rates of 5.3 +/- 0.5 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1) and 6.2 +/- 0.5 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1), respectively. BCl2+ does not react with BCl3. Cl- and Cl-2(-) are produced by dissociative attachment of low-energy electrons to BCl3, and Cl-2(-) is found to rapidly react with BCl3 to form BCl4-. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 31 PY 1997 VL 265 IS 1-2 BP 239 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(96)01419-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WF500 UT WOS:A1997WF50000035 ER PT J AU McCrae, JE Hengehold, RL Yeo, YK Ohmer, MC Schunemann, PG AF McCrae, JE Hengehold, RL Yeo, YK Ohmer, MC Schunemann, PG TI Photoluminescence study of p-type CdGeAs2 ordered semiconductor crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Results of a photoluminescence (PL) study as a function of excitation laser power, sample temperature, crystal orientation, and polarization are reported for the nonlinear optical material CdGeAs2. One broad weak PL peak near 0.38 eV, and another somewhat narrower and often far brighter PL peak near 0.55 eV were found at 4 K. The high energy PL peak shifts first towards lower, then higher, and back to lower energies again as the temperature increases from 2.2 to 295 K. This high energy peak is attributed to donor-acceptor pair dominant transitions at low temperatures, but it is attributed to band-to-band dominant transitions at higher temperatures. Strongly polarized PL was observed with the E field of the PL parallel to the material's c axis, and a polarization ratio as high as 6:1 was obtained. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 WRIGHT LAB, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. LOCKHEED SANDERS, NASHUA, NH 03061 USA. RP USAF, INST TECHNOL, DEPT ENGN PHYS, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 4 BP 455 EP 457 DI 10.1063/1.118179 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WE457 UT WOS:A1997WE45700018 ER PT J AU Hamdani, F Botchkarev, A Kim, W Morkoc, H Yeadon, M Gibson, JM Tsen, SCY Smith, DJ Evans, K Litton, CW Mitchel, WC Hemenger, P AF Hamdani, F Botchkarev, A Kim, W Morkoc, H Yeadon, M Gibson, JM Tsen, SCY Smith, DJ Evans, K Litton, CW Mitchel, WC Hemenger, P TI Optical properties of GaN grown on ZnO by reactive molecular beam epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SUBSTRATE; LAYER; NITRIDE; INGAN; GAAS AB High quality wurtzite GaN epilayers have been grown on ZnO(0001) substrates by reactive molecular beam epitaxy. Photoluminescence and reflectivity measurements point to high quality presumably due to the near match of both the crystal lattice parameter and the stacking order between GaN and ZnO. In addition, the good films lack the characteristic yellow photoluminescence band. Any misorientation of the GaN epilayer planes with respect to the ZnO substrate is not detectable with polarized reflectivity. The x-ray double crystal diffraction measurements indicate this misorientation is much smaller than those for GaN epilayers on SiC and Al2O3. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COORDINATED SCI LAB,URBANA,IL 61801. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,TEMPE,AZ 85287. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,CTR SOLID STATE SCI,TEMPE,AZ 85287. WRIGHT STATE UNIV,UNIV RES CTR,DAYTON,OH 45435. WL,MLPO,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Hamdani, F (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,MAT RES LAB,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. RI Gibson, Murray/E-5855-2013 OI Gibson, Murray/0000-0002-0807-6224 NR 23 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 4 BP 467 EP 469 DI 10.1063/1.118183 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WE457 UT WOS:A1997WE45700022 ER PT J AU Guide, VDR Kraus, ME Srivastava, R AF Guide, VDR Kraus, ME Srivastava, R TI Scheduling policies for remanufacturing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE recoverable manufacturing; priority dispatching; disassembly scheduling ID PRIORITY DISPATCHING RULES; ASSEMBLY SHOP; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM AB Recoverable product environments are part of strategies to increase product life and prevention of waste through repair, remanufacturing and recycling of products. A key part of this type of environment is the recoverable manufacturing system designed to extend product life through repair and remanufacturing. Remanufacturing systems are faced with a greater degree of uncertainty and complexity than traditional new manufacturing systems, leading to the need for planning and control systems designed to deal with the added uncertainty and complexity. In this study of a remanufacturing facility, two key activities in planning and controlling, disassembly release mechanisms (DRMs) and priority dispatching rules (PDRs) are examined via a simulation model. The results indicate that simple due-date-based priority dispatching procedures generally perform well for a variety of performance measures. Disassembly release mechanisms, as examined in this study, had very little impact and as a result practicing managers should favor the simplest to implement and manage mechanisms. RP Guide, VDR (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,LAL,2950 P ST,BLDG 641,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 43 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5273 J9 INT J PROD ECON JI Int. J. Prod. Econ. PD JAN 24 PY 1997 VL 48 IS 2 BP 187 EP 204 DI 10.1016/S0925-5273(96)00091-6 PG 18 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA WG400 UT WOS:A1997WG40000008 ER PT J AU Montera, DA Welsh, BM Roggemann, MC Ruck, DW AF Montera, DA Welsh, BM Roggemann, MC Ruck, DW TI Prediction of wave-front sensor slope measurements with artificial neural networks SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; atmospheric optics; neural networks; wave-front sensors; prediction ID ADAPTIVE-OPTICS SYSTEMS; LASER GUIDE STARS; ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES; PERFORMANCE AB For adaptive optical systems to compensate for atmospheric turbulence effects, the wave-front perturbation must be measured with a wave-front sensor (WFS) and corrected with a deformable mirror. One limitation in this process is the time delay between the measurement of the aberrated wave front and implementation of the proper correction. Statistical techniques exist for predicting the atmospheric aberrations at the time of correction based on the present and past measured wave fronts. However, for the statistical techniques to be effective, key parameters of the atmosphere and the adaptive optical system must be known. These parameters include the Fried coherence length r(0), the atmospheric wind-speed profile, and the WFS slope measurement error. Neural networks provide nonlinear solutions to adaptive optical problems while offering the possibility to function under changing seeing conditions without actual knowledge of the current state of the key parameters. We address the use of neural networks for WFS slope measurement prediction with only the noisy WFS measurements as inputs. Where appropriate, we compare with classical statistical-based methods to determine if neural networks offer true benefits in performance. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN PHYS,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Montera, DA (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 675 EP 681 DI 10.1364/AO.36.000675 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA WD524 UT WOS:A1997WD52400023 PM 18250726 ER PT J AU Jelen, C Slivken, S Hoff, J Razeghi, M Brown, GJ AF Jelen, C Slivken, S Hoff, J Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Aluminum free GaInP/GaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors for long wavelength detection SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; HETEROJUNCTION AB We demonstrate quantum well infrared photodetectors based on a GaAs/Ga0.51In0.49P superlattice structure grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. Wafers were grown with varying well widths. Wells of 40, 65, and 75 Angstrom resulted in peak detection wavelengths of 10.4, 12.8, and 13.3 mu m with a cutoff wavelength of 13.5, 15, and 15.5 mu m, respectively. The measured peak and cutoff wavelengths match those predicted by eight band theoretical analysis. Measured dark currents were lower than equivalent GaAs/AlGaAs samples. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLPO,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Jelen, C (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,CTR QUANTUM DEVICES,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. RI Slivken, Steven/B-7273-2009; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 3 BP 360 EP 362 DI 10.1063/1.118390 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WC832 UT WOS:A1997WC83200029 ER PT J AU Frederickson, AR Woolf, S AF Frederickson, AR Woolf, S TI Enhanced radiation shielding by space-charge fields in insulating slabs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATED INSULATORS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; POLYMERS AB Space charge and the resulting electric fields accumulate in good insulators during irradiation. In high quality insulators the resulting large electric field will alter the trajectories of high energy electrons. The altered trajectories result in decreased flux of high energy electrons in some regions of material, thus providing enhanced shielding effectiveness. We experimentally and theoretically investigate the effect with high energy electron irradiation (0.7-2 MeV) of planar polymethylmethacrylate shields. For the slab shield cases which we investigated, the shielding effectiveness is enhanced by as much as a factor of 2. By allowing the electric field to extend into vacuum adjacent to the insulator, one obtains improved shielding effectiveness without adding mass. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 ARCON CORP,WALTHAM,MA 02154. RP Frederickson, AR (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 2 BP 834 EP 839 DI 10.1063/1.364168 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WD716 UT WOS:A1997WD71600044 ER PT J AU Jones, OS Shumlak, U Eberhardt, DS AF Jones, OS Shumlak, U Eberhardt, DS TI An implicit scheme for nonideal magnetohydrodynamics SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIDIMENSIONAL IDEAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; ORDER GODUNOV METHOD; CONSERVATION-LAWS; RIEMANN SOLVER; EQUATIONS AB A new implicit algorithm is developed for solving the time-dependent, nonideal magnetohydrodynamic equations. It can also be used as an efficient relaxation scheme for steady state solutions. The algorithm is a finite-volume scheme that uses an approximate Riemann solver for the hyperbolic fluxes and central differencing applied on nested control volumes for the parabolic fluxes that arise from the non-ideal terms (i.e., resistivity and viscosity). In one dimension the scheme is second-order accurate in space and time. In two or th ree dimensions, the accuracy is between fi rst and second order. For the class of problems considered, the implicit formulation is stable for any size time step, thus allowing efficient tracking of slower transients. The implicit operator is inverted using a lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel iteration. Results from several test cases are presented that show good agreement with analytical solutions and illustrate the advantages of the scheme. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,HIGH ENERGY PLASMA DIV,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Jones, OS (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. OI Shumlak, Uri/0000-0002-2918-5446 NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 130 IS 2 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1006/jcph.1996.5580 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA WK740 UT WOS:A1997WK74000006 ER PT J AU Peterson, P Sharma, MP Gavrielides, A AF Peterson, P Sharma, MP Gavrielides, A TI Modeling of Yb:YAG tuning curves SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE LASERS; CW THEORY; CRYSTALS; NM AB We simulate Yb:YAG laser tuning curves using analytic equations for a two manifold laser. Our simulations agree with experiment. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP Peterson, P (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB PL LIDN,NONLINEAR OPT CTR TECHNOL,LIDN,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 134 IS 1-6 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(96)00571-8 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA WB601 UT WOS:A1997WB60100030 ER PT J AU Theimer, J Haus, JW AF Theimer, J Haus, JW TI Dispersion balanced figure-eight laser SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FIBER LASERS AB We report simulations of a figure-eight laser with dispersion in the nonlinear optical loop mirror set to half the value of the dispersion in the amplifier. Stable operation is independent of the amplifier length and soliton shaping is dominant for amplifier lengths greater than about 5 dispersion lengths. C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT PHYS,TROY,NY 12180. RP Theimer, J (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,OCPA,GRIFFISS AFB,NY 13441, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 134 IS 1-6 BP 161 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(96)00511-1 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA WB601 UT WOS:A1997WB60100031 ER PT J AU Chauvet, M Towe, T Salamo, GJ Bliss, DF Bryant, G Iseler, G AF Chauvet, M Towe, T Salamo, GJ Bliss, DF Bryant, G Iseler, G TI Phase shift between index and intensity patterns in photorefractive two-wave mixing experiments in InP:Fe SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE two-wave mixing; indium phosphide; photorefractive effect; photorefractive phase shift; impurity concentration determination ID GRATINGS AB The phase shift between the intensity pattern and the index pattern in two-wave mixing experiments has been determined from measured values of photorefractive two-wave mixing gain and diffraction efficiency in a bulk InP:Fe crystal as a function of the total incident intensity. Remarkably, the phase shift varies from 0 to 180 degrees with a value of 90 degrees at the intensity for which the two-wave mixing gain peaks. Comparison between theory and experiment yields values for sample Fe2+ and Fe3+ concentrations. C1 USAF,ROME LAB,BEDFORD,MA 01731. MIT,LINCOLN LAB,LEXINGTON,MA 02173. RP Chauvet, M (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT PHYS,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 134 IS 1-6 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(96)00534-2 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA WB601 UT WOS:A1997WB60100041 ER PT J AU Haaland, P Garscadden, A Ganguly, B AF Haaland, P Garscadden, A Ganguly, B TI Ionic and neutral growth of dust in plasmas (vol 69, pg 904, 1996) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Correction, Addition RP Haaland, P (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 2 BP 273 EP 273 DI 10.1063/1.119271 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WC058 UT WOS:A1997WC05800045 ER PT J AU Macler, M Bae, YK AF Macler, M Bae, YK TI Determination of mean cluster sizes by water capture SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SUPERSONIC JETS; SCATTERING; GAS; AR AB Argon clusters (Ar-30-400) produced in a supersonic expansion were doped with water using the pickup method and subsequently electron impact ionized. Charged fragments were detected by a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The intensities of the water-containing fragment peaks (ArnH2O+ n = 4-7) versus water pressure followed Poisson distributions, from which capture cross sections were derived. These cross sections corresponded to cluster sizes in agreement with published results for our range of stagnation conditions. The measurement of water capture cross sections has been shown to provide a convenient means of determining van der Waals cluster mean sizes. RP Macler, M (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,HUGHES STX,PROP DIRECTORATE,OLAC PL,RKS,10 E SATURN BLVD,EDWARDS AFB,CA 93524, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 9 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 2 BP 145 EP 148 DI 10.1021/jp962055m PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA WL082 UT WOS:A1997WL08200007 ER PT B AU Grelson, EF Anderson, MR AF Grelson, EF Anderson, MR GP AMS TI A climatology of conditions known to lead to in-flight aircraft icing across North America SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grelson, EF (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 181 EP 184 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700051 ER PT B AU Silverman, J Mooney, JM Caefer, CE AF Silverman, J Mooney, JM Caefer, CE BE Shladov, I Rotman, SR TI Tracking point targets in cloud clutter SO 10TH MEETING ON OPTICAL ENGINEERING IN ISRAEL SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Meeting on Optical Engineering in Israel CY MAR 02-06, 1997 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Assoc Engineers & Architects Israel, Soc Chem Engineers & Chemists, Soc Sci & Software Engn, Israel Laser & Electro Opt Soc, State Israel Minist Sci, State Israel Minist Ind & Trade, Off Chief Scientist, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Commiss Opt, European Opt Soc, Asia Pacific Opt Federat, Electroopt Ind Ltd, Israel DE staring IR camera; point target tracking; cloud clutter; triple temporal filter; metrics AB To realize the potential of modern staring IR technology as the basis for an improved IRST, one requires better algorithms for detecting unresolved targets moving at fractions of a pixel per frame time. While available algorithms for such targets in white noise are reasonably good, they have high false alarm rates in non-stationary clutter, such as evolving clouds. We review here a new class of temporal filters which have outstanding signal to clutter gains in evolving clouds and still retain good signal to temporal noise sensitivity in blue sky or night data. The generic temporal filter is a damped sinusoid, implemented recursively. Our final algorithm, a triple temporal filter (TTF) based on six parameters, consists of a sequence of two damped sinusoids followed by an exponential averaging filter, along with an edge suppression feature. Initial tests of the TTF filter concept demonstrated excellent performance in evolving cloud scenes. Three ''trackers'' based on the TTF operate in real-time hardware on laboratory IR cameras including: an empirical initial version; and two recent forms identified by an optimization routine. The latter two operate best in the two distinct realms: one for evolving cloud clutter, the other for temporal noise-dominated scenes such as blue sky or stagnant clouds. Results are presented both as specific examples and metric plots over an extensive database of local scenes with targets of opportunity. RP Silverman, J (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,INFRARED SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731, USA. RI ROTMAN, STANLEY/F-1390-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2532-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3110 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1117/12.281362 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ74X UT WOS:A1997BJ74X00008 ER PT B AU Lehr, M Baca, G Chama, D Hackett, K Hussey, T Kiuttu, J Shiffler, D Graham, J Sommars, W Coffey, S Englert, T AF Lehr, M Baca, G Chama, D Hackett, K Hussey, T Kiuttu, J Shiffler, D Graham, J Sommars, W Coffey, S Englert, T BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI Explosive pulsed power experiments at the Phillips Laboratory SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm AB The application of pulsed power technology to advanced mission scenarios increasingly involves achieving higher peak power and energy while shrinking the deployment package. The inherent high energy density of explosives make them an obvious candidate for applications requiring extremely compact, single shot pulsed power drivers. However, explosive flux compression generators tend to be rather slow, low impedance, high current devices, while the loads of interest typically present a relatively high impedance and require short, high voltage pulses. In this paper, the results of experiments involving helical explosive generators and pulse shaping/impedance matching systems are discussed. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, Adv Weap & Survivabil Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lehr, M (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, Adv Weap & Survivabil Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 579 EP 584 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800079 ER PT B AU Burger, JW Schoenberg, JSH Tyo, JS Abdalla, MD Ahern, SM Skipper, MC Buchwald, WR AF Burger, JW Schoenberg, JSH Tyo, JS Abdalla, MD Ahern, SM Skipper, MC Buchwald, WR BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI Development and testing of bulk photoconductive switches used for ultra-wideband, high-power microwave generation SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm AB The Air Force Phillips Laboratory, in collaboration with the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), is developing lateral geometry, high-power photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) for use in phased-array, ultra-wideband (UWB) sources, The current switch utilizes an opposed contact geometry with a 0.25 cm gap spacing and is an extension of previous work on 1.0 cm PCSS devices. This work presents the development and demonstration of the 0.25 cm PCSS under both ideal laboratory conditions and potential source conditions. The laboratory configuration consists of two high-bandwidth transmission lines connected with a PCSS, The potential source configuration consists of a vector-inversion pulse generator (Blumlein) commuted with a PCSS, Independent, low-jitter PCSS operation is demonstrated by series coupling two independent Blumleins into a common load, The 0.25 cm PCSS is shown to operate at 20 kV charge voltage, 65 ps rms switching jitter, less than 450 ps risetime and greater than 1 kHz pulse repetition rate (PRR) when triggered using a compact, high-power laser diode. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, Adv Weap & Survivabil Directorate, PL,WSQW, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Burger, JW (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, Adv Weap & Survivabil Directorate, PL,WSQW, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 965 EP 969 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800142 ER PT B AU Lehr, JM Baum, CE Prather, WD Agee, FJ AF Lehr, JM Baum, CE Prather, WD Agee, FJ BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI Aspects of ultrafast spark gap switching for UWB HPM generation SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm AB The Air Force is interested in compact ultra-wideband systems which utilize a minimum volume of high pressure gas. These desires lead us to look closely at single channel spark gaps, because both the size and volume of gas, for example, hydrogen, under pressure can be much less than needed for sources containing ring gap switches. While single channel spark gap switches are desirable, the intrinsic inductance of the spark gap is prohibitively high to achieve large rates of voltage rise. For future applications, the limit of spark gap technology for ultrafast switching is explored. Of primary interest is the fastest possible risetime achievable with a single channel spark gap. Thus far we have calculated the limit on the achievable risetime with spark gap technology, using three different approaches, which are all in good agreement. The first examines the excitation rates in gases to determine its limitations. The second assumes a streamer mechanism and uses the velocity of propagation to estimate the achievable risetime. The third utilizes an equivalent circuit model. It is commonly believed that the impedance mismatch in the spark region, caused by the additional spark gap inductance, is unavoidable. To reduce the effect of the intrinsic inductance of the channel, the High Energy Source Division has devised a simple geometrical alteration to the spark gap geometry which reduced the inductance per unit length of the spark gap to that of its transmission line feed. This is anticipated to permit the realization of picosecond risetime UWB HPM sources. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, High Energy Sources Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lehr, JM (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, High Energy Sources Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 1033 EP 1041 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800155 ER PT B AU Turchi, PJ Peterkin, RE AF Turchi, PJ Peterkin, RE BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI Modeling of impedance collapse in high-voltage diodes SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm AB Electron-beam diodes driven by fast-rising, high-voltage pulses often operate with cold cathodes for which the presence of a plasma adjacent to the cathode surface is essential to obtain adequate electron emission. A consequence of such surface plasma, however, is closure of the interelectrode gap by plasma motion. The diode impedance decreases with time, adversely affecting the efficiency of coupling to the power source. Plasma closure of the diode gap also limits the length of the electron beam pulse, and the ability to operate the diode repetitively at high frequency. Resistive heating of the plasma competes with work performed in expanding the plasma and heat transfer to the cold-cathode boundary. The resulting closure speed is calculated, using an MHD code, and found to agree well with results of experiments using organic-cloth cathodes at 35 kV. Computed plasma speeds are typically 8 - 12 km/s, and are relatively insensitive to the applied voltage. Gap closure due to the plasma motion calculated numerically corresponds to estimates based on impedance collapse in the experiments. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Turchi, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 1363 EP 1368 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800212 ER PT B AU Degnan, JH AF Degnan, JH BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI Calculations of fuse sharpened explosive magnetic flux compression generator discharges into higher impedance loads SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm AB Numerical calculations of fuse sharpened explosive magnetic flux compression generator discharges into high impedance loads are presented and discussed. The explosive generator analog(1) of the Maisonnier capacitor driven fuse criteria(2) were used to obtain estimates of optimum fuse cross sections. The initial fuse cross section is chosen so that the specific energy of the fuse produced by resistive heating just reaches the onset of vaporization at the time of peak current in the absence of a fuse. The fuse cross sections were varied in the region of that estimated optimum. Generator inductance per unit length was chosen so that the time rate of change of the (end initiated helical) generator inductance is comparable to the load resistance(3). An inductance in series with the load was varied to adjust the load voltage pulse width(4). The fuse length (1 meter) was chosen to be in the range where the resistive energy deposited in the fuse is comparable Co that required to just fully vaporize the fuse. The calculated performance for those parameters for which the predicted fuse voltage per unit length is less than 10 kilovolts/cm can be considered credible. These calculations suggest that voltage pulses of several tenths of megavolts with several tenths of microsecond full width at half maximum for several ohm loads are achievable by this approach. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, High Energy Sources Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Degnan, JH (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, High Energy Sources Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 1454 EP 1458 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800227 ER PT B AU Hiller, JB Hartrum, TC AF Hiller, JB Hartrum, TC GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Conservative synchronization in object-oriented parallel battlefield discrete event simulations SO 11TH WORKSHOP ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation CY JUN 10-13, 1997 CL LOCKENHAUS, AUSTRIA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Simulat, ACM, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Soc Comp Simulat AB We present a conservative strategy for spatially decomposed parallel discrete event battlefield simulation. The traditional null message algorithm provides a foundation from which a mapping to generic simulation attributes can be made. We informally discuss preservation of logical correctness and freedom from deadlock. Experimental results demonstrate the potential execution time savings when load imbalance is not dominant; more importantly, they highlight improvement opportunities in spite of potential load imbalance. The net result is that a very reasonable performance gain cart be delivered for little effort in a way that supports good simulation system design principles. The approach is straightforward and can be easily implemented as part of a more general sequential or parallel simulation support environment. While the approach is expressed in terms of battlefield simulation,its essence applies to many simulation applications. RP Hiller, JB (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,SCH ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7965-4 PY 1997 BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.1109/PADS.1997.594581 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJ20Z UT WOS:A1997BJ20Z00002 ER PT B AU Shomper, KA AF Shomper, KA GP IEEE TI Haptic rendering SO 14TH ANNUAL AESS/IEEE DAYTON SECTION SYMPOSIUM - SYNTHETIC VISUALIZATION: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual AESS/IEEE Dayton Section Symposium on Synthetic Visualization - Systems and Applications CY APR 09, 1997 CL FAIRBORN, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dayton Chapter AB We experience reality through five senses, and virtual reality through at most three: sight, sound, and touch. Of these three senses, touch in virtual environments is the least common. However, touch adds realism, and make some applications possible which would be otherwise without it. We therefore find it useful to consider how haptic interfaces can be more easily integrated into virtual environments by abstracting the haptic rendering process. We then propose a Haptic Renderer (HR) class for insulating a VE from haptic interface dependencies. Finally, we report on our experience with the HR class. RP Shomper, KA (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,VIRTUAL ENVIRONM 3D MED IMAGING & COMP GRAPH LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3965-7 PY 1997 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1109/DAYTON.1997.595088 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ09M UT WOS:A1997BJ09M00001 ER PT B AU Barnaba, JM Orr, HA AF Barnaba, JM Orr, HA GP IEEE TI A summary of efforts toward the definition of potential upgrades to the joint helmet mounted cueing system SO 14TH ANNUAL AESS/IEEE DAYTON SECTION SYMPOSIUM - SYNTHETIC VISUALIZATION: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual AESS/IEEE Dayton Section Symposium on Synthetic Visualization - Systems and Applications CY APR 09, 1997 CL FAIRBORN, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dayton Chapter AB Efforts are underway in the Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System (JHMCS) Program Office to plan for potential upgrades to the JHMCS system. This planning is based on understanding improvements in operational capability, that can be offered to the tactical fighter pilot, and the technologies that might make those improvements possible. In addition, there is a focus on evaluation of technological innovations that offer promise for improving the operational utility and affordability of the system. Veda Inc. was tasked by the program office to investigate sand report on these areas to support technology transition and product improvement pre-planning efforts. This report is a summary of those efforts. RP Barnaba, JM (reprint author), USAF,AERONAUT SYST CTR,JOINT HELMET MOUNTED CUEING SYST PROGRAM OFF,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3965-7 PY 1997 BP 20 EP 26 DI 10.1109/DAYTON.1997.595091 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ09M UT WOS:A1997BJ09M00004 ER PT B AU Pachter, R Lupo, JA AF Pachter, R Lupo, JA GP IEEE TI Virtual reality for materials design SO 14TH ANNUAL AESS/IEEE DAYTON SECTION SYMPOSIUM - SYNTHETIC VISUALIZATION: SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual AESS/IEEE Dayton Section Symposium on Synthetic Visualization - Systems and Applications CY APR 09, 1997 CL FAIRBORN, OH SP IEEE, Dayton Sect, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dayton Chapter AB A materials design laboratory incorporating an interactive molecular docking simulator has been set-up at the Materials Directorate of Wright Laboratory at Wright-Patterson AFB, based on Project GROPE, directed by Dr. Fred Brooks, Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. The capability for molecular docking through applied virtual reality with tactile feedback to enable interactive molecular design for multiple molecular systems, allows a researcher to experience the interactions between two molecular systems. The force information obtained in calculating the energies in real time using the GROPE code is used interactively to feed a mechanical robot. The best positions for the docked structures can be found by manipulating the movable structure on the display unit more efficiently than by performing a systematic search. These then lead to good starting positions for further optimization. The simulator is implemented as four cooperating servers: an energy server, a display server, a force-reflective arm controller, and a user interface controller. This effort is part of the Materials Directorate's extensive utilization of scalable DoD High Performance Computing (HPC) capabilities for materials design. In this paper we overview our computational materials design studies and the virtual reality laboratory. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLPJ,MAT DIRECTORATE,3005 P ST,SUITE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3965-7 PY 1997 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1109/DAYTON.1997.595094 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ09M UT WOS:A1997BJ09M00007 ER PT S AU Evans, BL Martin, JB AF Evans, BL Martin, JB BE DelGuerra, A TI Modeling and design of portable Compton gamma-ray cameras SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Compton cameras have certain applications requiring portability. Camera designs which improve the portability of these devices by using room-temperature semiconductor and position-sensitive scintillation detectors have been investigated. Models have been developed and tested for the angular image resolution and energy resolution of the camera. A critical component of the models is a Monte Carlo code for simulating the light collection in the position-sensitive scintillator. Model testing has been accomplished with measurements made using a simplified camera having only one room-temperature Si(Li) detector and one position-sensitive NaI(TI) detector. The model accurately matches measured resolutions over the energy range from 0.66 to 2.75 MeV. The efficiency and time resolution of the portable camera designs have also been investigated. The models predict the angular image resolution for a camera based on room-temperature Si(Li) and NaI(TI) detectors to be between 9 and 5 degrees for incident photons from 0.5 to 3.0 MeV. The resolution of a camera with a CsI(TI) detector in place of the NaI(TI) is predicted to improve the resolution to between 7 and 4 degrees in this energy range. RP Evans, BL (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN PHYS,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 793 EP 797 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00175 ER PT B AU Lawrence, TF AF Lawrence, TF GP IEEE COMP SOC TI The quality of service model and high assurance SO 1997 HIGH-ASSURANCE ENGINEERING WORKSHOP - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 High-Assurance Engineering Workshop CY AUG 11-12, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Comp Soc AB The quality of service model provides a recursive model applicable at any level of abstraction and encompasses concepts of real-time, dependability, and security. It provides metrics based on the Quality of Service (QOS) attributes of timeliness, precision, and accuracy that can be uses for system specification, instrumentation, and evaluation. It is hoped that this model will lead to better engineering practice for information systems, facilitate compatibility and provide a better basis for system assurance. C1 USAF, Rome Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Lawrence, TF (reprint author), USAF, Rome Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-7971-9 PY 1997 BP 38 EP 39 DI 10.1109/HASE.1997.648036 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK48Z UT WOS:000072316800006 ER PT B AU Powers, M Leitner, J Bell, KD Boucher, R Hackney, E Robertson, L Schrader, K AF Powers, M Leitner, J Bell, KD Boucher, R Hackney, E Robertson, L Schrader, K GP IEEE TI Assessment of a large aperture telescope trade space and active opto-mechanical control architecture SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The Air Force's Phillips Laboratory has actively pursued component technology developments that support space based imaging and spacebased laser weapon platforms. The components must be integrated successfully to field operational systems. The integration of many of these technology developments is tightly coupled and often themselves a technology barrier that must be overcome before a system can go ahead. As a result, the Phillips Laboratory initiated the UltraLITE program. The program has focused on the integration concerns of advanced sparse optical array systems. Sparse optical arrays offer significant benefits over the existing monolithic telescopes flown in space today; however, for a sparse optical array program to be successful, the program must marry technologies in the areas of advanced optical element fabrication, advanced lightweight actively controlled deployable structures, wavefront error sensing and compensation methods, and image post-processing algorithms. All these technologies must come to fruition and work together for such a program to succeed. The UltraLITE program concentrates on providing techniques for large precision deployable structures and wavefront sensing and control. The program will demonstrate these technologies in the laboratory with the long term goal of a space flight in a 0-g, micro-gravity environment. RP Powers, M (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 1997 BP 197 EP 229 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30K UT WOS:A1997BH30K00016 ER PT B AU Huybrechts, S Meink, TE AF Huybrechts, S Meink, TE GP IEEE TI Advanced grid stiffened structures for the next generation of launch vehicles SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Although the necessity of using composite materials in the next generation of launch vehicles has become widely accepted, the specific structural type (monocoque, sandwich, skin-stringer, etc.) has yet to be determined. One possible candidate is the Advanced Grid Stiffened (AGS) structure, a rib-skin configuration evolved from early isogrid stiffening concepts. AGS structures show great promise for satisfying increased reliability and reduced cost requirements due to their adaptability to automated manufacturing. They also lend themselves to use in operational environments, due to their high strength, resistance to moisture absorption, and damage tolerance. Recent research has focused on the manufacture and design of AGS structures, specifically focusing on the potential for automated manufacture. In early 1997, the first composite AGS launch vehicle component, a payload shroud fabricated using fully automated techniques, will be flown on a suborbital flight. The manufacturing and tooling techniques developed as part of this program represent a significant step toward the goal of affordable launch-vehicle structures. An overview of AGS structures is presented along with a description of their current manufacturing 'state of the art.' A synopsis of the AGS payload shroud program is also presented. RP Huybrechts, S (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SPACE VEHICLE TECHNOL DIV,3550 ABERDEEN AVE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 1997 BP 263 EP 270 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30K UT WOS:A1997BH30K00019 ER PT B AU Kim, TD Rotz, CA AF Kim, TD Rotz, CA GP IEEE TI Warping of flat composite isogrid panels SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB This paper describes the analyses performed to determine why nominally flat composite isogrid panels designed for the Clementine satellite were warping during the autoclave cure cycle. Analytical models indicated that the largest factor was the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion of different parts of the tooling. The next most important factor was the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the skin and rib materials of the composite isogrid itself. A new tooling design eliminated the first factor, producing a rib only panel with no warping. An analytical model was developed, which predicted that warping caused by the rib/skin mismatch would be 3.31 mml over a length of 147.32 cm. A panel with the skin was manufactured and found to have a warp of 3.80 mm. Further improvements in producing flat panels will depend on finding appropriate materials for the rib and skin. RP Kim, TD (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,3550 ABERDEEN AVE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 1997 BP 271 EP 277 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30K UT WOS:A1997BH30K00020 ER PT B AU Yen, G Bui, T AF Yen, G Bui, T GP IEEE TI Health monitoring of vibration signatures in rotorcraft wings SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB We propose to design and to evaluate an on-board intelligent health assessment tool for rotorcraft machines, which is capable of detecting, identifying, and accommodating expected system degradations and unanticipated catastrophic failures in rotorcraft machines under an adverse operating environment. A fuzzy-based neural network paradigm with an on-line learning algorithm is developed to perform expert advising for the ground-based maintenance crew. A hierarchical fault diagnosis architecture is advocated to fulfill the time-critical and on-board needs in different levels of structural integrity over a global operating envelope. The research objective is to experimentally demonstrate the feasibility and flexibility of the proposed health monitoring procedure through numerical simulations of bearing faults in USAF MH-53J PAVE LOW helicopter transmissions. The proposed fault detection, identification and accommodation architecture is applicable to various generic rotorcraft machines. The proposed system will greatly reduce the operational and developmental costs and serve as an essential component in an autonomous control system. RP Yen, G (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SPACE VEHICLE TECHNOL DIV,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 1997 BP 279 EP 288 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30K UT WOS:A1997BH30K00021 ER PT B AU Dickman, RS AF Dickman, RS GP IEEE TI DoD Space Architect - Key address - 1997 IEEE Aerospace conference SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc RP Dickman, RS (reprint author), USAF,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 PY 1997 BP 5 EP 37 PG 33 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30L UT WOS:A1997BH30L00001 ER PT B AU Keener, D Donet, C Schuller, M Marvin, DC AF Keener, D Donet, C Schuller, M Marvin, DC GP IEEE TI Power subsystem technologies for space based radar SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Space based radar (SBR) places extraordinary demands on spacecraft power systems. Requirements for high power output (20-100kWe), long lifetime (15-20 yrs, potentially in a high radiation environment), and reduced cost per Watt require substantial advances in present day technology. This paper describes the power system programs that are funded by the Air Force Phillips Laboratory and other government organizations that address these requirements, including multijunction solar cells, high performance batteries and flywheels, high efficiency power electronics, and solar thermal systems with integrated energy generation and storage. RP Keener, D (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 PY 1997 BP 113 EP 126 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30L UT WOS:A1997BH30L00005 ER PT B AU Garnham, JW Tuley, MT AF Garnham, JW Tuley, MT GP IEEE TI Space based radar technology trade analysis SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB An affordable SBR system will require technology advances in multiple technology areas. As in most technology research programs, there are many more potentially worthwhile research programs than there is funding to support. The process of developing a technology roadmap or a technology investment strategy requires the ability to identify the technology areas most likely to make the maximum system level impact in the future. This paper will identify the process used to develop the SBR technology roadmap, some of the initial findings of that analysis, and the important technology capabilities to be developed. RP Garnham, JW (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,VTM,RES & DEV LABS,3550 ABERDEEN AVE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 PY 1997 BP 127 EP 144 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30L UT WOS:A1997BH30L00006 ER PT B AU McKinley, CAS AF McKinley, CAS GP IEEE TI Space superiority: A call to space warriors SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB This essay(1) discusses the importance of developing space superiority campaigns for future warfare success. It provides strategists with a coercion theory-based conceptual framework to provide a broader range of coercion mechanisms than has traditionally been offered. To selectively neutralize space systems, space strategists must move beyond the Cold War's spacecraft destruction-only focus and employ space superiority campaigns composed of a variety of active defensive and offensive counterspace operations mechanisms. The author encourages space strategists to develop space superiority campaigns to help America coerce future adversaries. RP McKinley, CAS (reprint author), USAF,150 VANDENBERG ST,SUITE 1105,PETERSON AFB,CO 80914, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 PY 1997 BP 317 EP 324 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30L UT WOS:A1997BH30L00018 ER PT B AU Creech, GL AF Creech, GL GP IEEE TI Neural networks for the design and fabrication of integrated circuits for aerospace applications SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB A great effort has been underway in recent years to develop microwave and millimeter wave monolithic integrated circuit (MIMIC) technology for phased array radar systems for airborne and space based applications. Solid-state MIMICs have made a dramatic impact on capability, reliability, and cost of these sensor systems. However, the computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools necessary for the modeling and simulation of such complex systems has not kept pace. This paper presents a methodology for the utilization of neurocomputing technology to achieve enhanced yield and efficient yield prediction in integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing. Specifically, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are employed to model complex relationships between material and device characteristics at critical stages of the semiconductor fabrication process. Additionally, a methodology for the development of ANN models of MIMIC passive elements based on the elements physical parameters is described. Results are presented which illustrate that a ANN can predict the equivalent circuit parameters (ECPs) and/or the scattering-parameters of these passive elements to nearly the same degree of accuracy as that afforded by electromagnetic (EM) simulation. RP Creech, GL (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AVION DIRECTORATE,ELECT DEVICES DIV,2241 AVION CIRCLE,SUITE 25,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 PY 1997 BP 489 EP 508 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30L UT WOS:A1997BH30L00029 ER PT B AU Haupt, RL Haupt, SE AF Haupt, RL Haupt, SE GP IEEE TI Phase-only adaptive nulling with a genetic algorithm SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB This paper describes a new approach to adaptive phase-only nulling with phased arrays. A genetic algorithm adjusts some of the least significant bits of the beam steering phase shifters in order to minimize the total output power. Using a few bits for nulling speeds convergence of the algorithm and limits pattern distortions. Various results are presented to show the advantages and limitations of this approach. RP Haupt, RL (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DFEE,2354 FAIRCHILD DR,SUITE 2F6,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 PY 1997 BP 151 EP 160 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30M UT WOS:A1997BH30M00009 ER PT B AU Ernisse, BE Rogers, SK DeSimio, M Raines, RA AF Ernisse, BE Rogers, SK DeSimio, M Raines, RA GP IEEE TI An Automatic Target Cuer/Recognizer for tactical fighters SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB This paper examines algorithms and techniques for use in a complete FLIR target Cuer/Recognizer. The application is the Air Force Theater Missile Defense Eagle Smart Sensor and Automatic Target Cuer/Recognizer (TESSA) program. The data used for this research are 1st generation FLIR images collected from an F-15E. The database contains thousands of images with various target arrangements. The specific target of interest is a mobile missile launcher, which will be defined as the primary target. The goal is to locate all vehicles (secondary targets) within a scene and identify the missile launchers. The system designed includes an image segmenter, region cluster algorithm, and classifier. Conventional algorithms in conjunction with neural network techniques are used to form a complete ATR system. Some of the conventional techniques include Hit/Miss filtering. Difference of Gaussian filtering, and region clustering. A Neural network (multi-layer perceptron) is used for classification. These various algorithms are tested and combined into a functional ATR system. Overall target detection rate (cuer) is 84% with a 69% accurate primary target identification (recognizer) rate. Furthermore, the false alarm rate (a non-target cued as a target) is only 2.3 per scene. The research will be completed with a 10 night test profile using an F-15E and will collect 3(rd) generation FLIR images for use with these algorithms. RP Ernisse, BE (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 PY 1997 BP 441 EP 455 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30M UT WOS:A1997BH30M00028 ER PT B AU Crowley, NL Apodaca, V AF Crowley, NL Apodaca, V GP IEEE TI Analysis of satellite telemetry data SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Satellites transmit data streams to the ground that consist of data values, called mnemonics, that are used to determine the health and location of the satellite. These data streams can contain between 700 and 12000 or more mnemonics. These mnemonics must be analyzed to ensure that the satellite is healthy, to assist in resolving any anomalies, and to determine if there are any trends that would indicate a possible future problem. Satellite engineers need assistance to assimilate and act on these large volumes of data. The USAF Phillips Laboratory Space System Technologies Division (PL/VTS) has developed a telemetry analysis system called the Visual Interface for Satellite Telemetry Analysis (VISTA) that captures and displays satellite telemetry data in real time and provides tools for analyzing stored data. An important aspect of VISTA is the analysis. of stored telemetry data. The satellite engineer needs quick, accurate access to the stored satellite data in numerous forms, such as plots, reports, curve fitting, and Fourier analysis graphs. The challenge was to develop a telemetry analysis system that was flexible, fast, accurate, and able to provide the multiple views of the data required by the satellite engineers. This paper provides an overview of VISTA, and then discusses how the telemetry analysis tool (TAT) was developed, how the system functions, timing information, and future work. RP Crowley, NL (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SPACE SYST TECHNOL DIV,VTS,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 PY 1997 BP 57 EP 67 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30N UT WOS:A1997BH30N00004 ER PT B AU Nedeau, J King, D Anderson, N Lanza, D Byington, L Black, J AF Nedeau, J King, D Anderson, N Lanza, D Byington, L Black, J GP IEEE TI Improved space computer program (ISCP): Very high throughput processing for 21st century satellites SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The Improved Space Computer Program (ISCP) is a U. S. Air Force Phillips Laboratory program to develop space computer systems qualified to meet the next generation of satellite system signal and data processing requirements. ISCP is divided into three phases: Requirements Validation and Architecture Analysis; Commercial Testbed Development; and Space Qualifiable Demonstration. Crucial to the success of this program is a clear understanding of the projected need for the system, from both the government and government-space-system-contractors' perspectives. Surveys to define this need are in progress and key issues are surfacing. What standard system interfaces should be adhered to or established? How much modularity is optimal? Will program implementation of system design tools change system development concepts for the future? Other issues relate to program focus (architecture versus enabling technologies) and reconciling specific requirements defined by potential system users. Phillips Laboratory is seeking the strong participation of potential system users, from both government and industry, in the requirements-definition process. RP Nedeau, J (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,VTME,3550 ABERDEEN AVE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 PY 1997 BP 263 EP 273 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30N UT WOS:A1997BH30N00020 ER PT S AU Deeter, TE Koury, GJ Rabideau, KM Leahy, MB Turner, TP AF Deeter, TE Koury, GJ Rabideau, KM Leahy, MB Turner, TP GP IEEE TI The next generation munitions handler Advanced Technology Demonstrator program SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc DE robotics; omni-directional; man amplification AB The United States Air Force and Navy have an on-going joint program to determine the feasibility of significantly enhancing the capabilities of munitions handling equipment by incorporating emerging technologies into a new system design. The program was initiated by a study sponsored by the Munitions Material Handling Equipment (MMHE) focal point who also maintains overall program management. The Air Force Material Command Robotics and Automation Center of Excellence is providing technical direction for the design and development of the Next Generation Munitions Handler (NGMH) Advanced Technology Demonstrator (ATD). Oak Ridge National Laboratory has developed the detailed conceptual design and is currently manufacturing system components. Successful flightline evaluations should lead to a full prototype acquisition program. Munitions are currently loaded on fighter aircraft using 1950s technology. These Labor intensive methods, while adequate for a second wave forward deployed military, are not optimal for supporting global reach global power projection into the 21st century. Given the dynamic nature of the flightline environment and the dexterity requirements for arming and securing munitions, a fully automated solution is not technically feasible. More importantly, the munitions handling community is not looking to replace human operators, but rather enhance their efficiency while improving working conditions and reducing workload. The solution lies in the incorporation of emerging technologies into the munitions handling process. RP Deeter, TE (reprint author), AFMC,ROBOT & AUTOMAT CTR EXCELLENCE,TECHNOL & IND SUPPORT DIRECTORATE,ROBOT & AUTOMAT BRANCH,KELLY AFB,TX 78241, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 341 EP 345 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00055 ER PT S AU Spenny, CH Schneider, DL AF Spenny, CH Schneider, DL GP IEEE TI Object resolved teleoperation SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB A control concept referred to as object-resolved teleoperation is introduced in this paper in which motion or force is imparted to a remote object in order to achieve a desired action by the object. The object might be a hand-held tool or an airplane and the desired interaction might be control of its spatial position or interaction with the environment. The human interface to the master is a hand-held proxy for the object. At the remote site, the object motion or force commands are resolved into the appropriate commands for the actuation system. The potential advantages of ORT are: 1-improvement in human-machine interaction, the consequence of the operator's cognitive task and command response being identical to those he would perform if he were manipulating the object, 2- the opportunity to share control between the operator and an intelligent controller at the remote site in such ways as to make best use of the capabilities of each. In this paper, application to grasp and manipulation is discussed. RP Spenny, CH (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 1305 EP 1311 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00206 ER PT S AU Tsui, JBY Schamus, JJ Kaneshiro, DH AF Tsui, JBY Schamus, JJ Kaneshiro, DH BE Koepf, GA Jelks, C Huebner, D Donovan, JJ TI Monobit receiver SO 1997 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS I-III: HIGH FREQUENCIES IN HIGH PLACES SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE MTT-Society International Microwave Symposium (IMS) at 1997 Microwave Week CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE MTT Soc AB This paper presents a very simple digital receiver design which can cover approximately 1 GHz bandwidth and process two simultaneous signals. The design has the potential to be fabricated on a single chip. RP Tsui, JBY (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AAMP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-3814-6 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1997 BP 469 EP 471 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BH95V UT WOS:A1997BH95V00107 ER PT S AU Liou, LL AF Liou, LL BE Koepf, GA Jelks, C Huebner, D Donovan, JJ TI Transmission line model of the distributed heterojunction bipolar transistor SO 1997 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS I-III: HIGH FREQUENCIES IN HIGH PLACES SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE MTT-Society International Microwave Symposium (IMS) at 1997 Microwave Week CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE MTT Soc AB The distributed nature of heterojunction bipolar transistor was modeled using the transmission line method. Admittances due to the bipolar junction, base metal schottky contact, base and emitter contact resistances, were taken into account. Coupled differential equations describing the distributed nature of the junction potentials were derived. A numerical scheme was developed to solve the equations, and microwave parameters were calculated. The model can be applied to design HBT layouts for high microwave performance. RP Liou, LL (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-3814-6 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1997 BP 1473 EP 1476 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BH95V UT WOS:A1997BH95V00344 ER PT S AU Spaziani, SM Vaccaro, K Wohlmuth, WA Martin, EA Lorenzo, JP AF Spaziani, SM Vaccaro, K Wohlmuth, WA Martin, EA Lorenzo, JP GP IEEE TI Inverted, substrate-removed vertical Schottky diode optical detectors SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM 97) CY MAY 11-15, 1997 CL HYANNIS, MA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Epichem, AIXTRON, Epitaxial Prod Inc AB The InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector has great potential as a high-performance component for future lightwave communication systems and opto-electronic integrated circuits (OEICs). Low capacitance, dictated by finger spacing, and high carrier drift velocity should result in GHz operating bandwidths.((1)) Efficient optical absorption to 1.7 mu m results in high responsivity at the wavelengths preferred for optical fiber communications, 1.3 and 1.55 mu m. Although significant efforts have been devoted to the realization of InGaAs MSM photodetectors, few devices have found their way into commercial or military products. Among the technical problems still hindering the practical incorporation of InGaAs MSMs into optical systems and networks are their high dark current and the slow response of photo-generated holes. High dark current results from low Schottky barrier heights and poor surface passivation. The problem is compounded for devices with submicron finger spacing since the surface electric fields are very high. Analysis of carrier dynamics shows holes generated deep in the depletion region can significantly degrade the high frequency response. For these reasons we have chosen to investigate new designs for vertical Schottky diode detectors. RP Spaziani, SM (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,ELECTROMAGNET & RELIABIL DIRECTORATE,OPTOELECT COMPONENTS BRANCH,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1092-8669 BN 0-7803-3899-5 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 1997 BP 284 EP 287 DI 10.1109/ICIPRM.1997.600129 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BH95K UT WOS:A1997BH95K00075 ER PT S AU Ejeckam, FE Seaford, ML Zhu, ZH Eyink, KG Tomich, DH Hou, HQ Hammons, BE Lo, YH AF Ejeckam, FE Seaford, ML Zhu, ZH Eyink, KG Tomich, DH Hou, HQ Hammons, BE Lo, YH GP IEEE TI MBE grown dislocation-free antimonides on GaAs compliant universal substrates SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM 97) CY MAY 11-15, 1997 CL HYANNIS, MA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Epichem, AIXTRON, Epitaxial Prod Inc AB In this work, we demonstrate the growth of a 6500 Angstrom, dislocation-free, InSb layer (similar to 14.7% compressively lattice mismatched to GaAs) on a compliant universal (CU) GaAs substrate. Using a recently proposed [1] technology, twist wafer-bonding, the authors use a new type of III-V substrate on which almost any type of semiconductor may be grown without dislocations. The CU GaAs substrate was formed by wafer-bonding a 30 Angstrom. GaAs layer to a bulk GaAs crystal with a large angular misalignment inserted about their common (100) direction. Cross-sectional bright-field TEM images of the InSb show no dislocations in all of the observed areas (similar to 2.6 mu m wide in one contiguous region). Electron diffraction measurements made of the films showed the twist wafer-bonding technology to be promising for even higher lattice-mismatches. RP Ejeckam, FE (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1092-8669 BN 0-7803-3899-5 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 1997 BP 452 EP 454 DI 10.1109/ICIPRM.1997.600191 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BH95K UT WOS:A1997BH95K00118 ER PT S AU Dauplaise, HM Vaccaro, K Davis, A Waters, WD Lorenzo, JP AF Dauplaise, HM Vaccaro, K Davis, A Waters, WD Lorenzo, JP GP IEEE TI Processing and interface analysis of CdS-passivated InP SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM 97) CY MAY 11-15, 1997 CL HYANNIS, MA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Epichem, AIXTRON, Epitaxial Prod Inc AB The success of silicon is largely due to the availability of CMOS technology, which is made possible by the nearly perfect electrical and chemical properties of the oxide/semiconductor interface. Conversely, the lack of an adequate surface passivation technology for the III-V semiconductors has severely curtailed analogous MIS device technology development, restricting the options for compound semiconductor circuit design. Recently, we have developed a cadmium sulfide-based surface treatment that results in a chemically stable (100) n-InP surface with nearly ideal MIS diode C-V response.(1,2) Despite the fact that the CdS deposition process is simple and can easily be integrated into many manufacturing processes, the interface chemistry of the CdS/InP system is complex. We have used x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate this interface, with corresponding C-V analysis of the SiO2/CdS/InP interface region. Interface stoichiometry and electrical response were measured at several different deposition conditions in order to determine optimum growth conditions for the CdS interfacial layer. Fabrication, electrical response, and high frequency response of an ion-implanted depletion-mode InP MISFET were also investigated. RP Dauplaise, HM (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,OPTOELECT COMPONENTS BRANCH,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1092-8669 BN 0-7803-3899-5 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 1997 BP 513 EP 516 DI 10.1109/ICIPRM.1997.600215 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BH95K UT WOS:A1997BH95K00133 ER PT J AU West, DA AF West, DA GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The effects of rainfall on the intensity change of tropical cyclones over the eastern north Pacific Ocean SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,USAF,INST TECHNOL,CIVILIAN INST PROGRAM,ATMOSPHER SCI PROGRAM,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP West, DA (reprint author), 1049 DERBY HALL,154 N OVAL MALL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 33 EP 34 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00009 ER PT J AU Parrish, JR Black, ML AF Parrish, JR Black, ML GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The NOAA G-IV and the tropical cyclone environment SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Parrish, JR (reprint author), NOAA,AOC,POB 6829,MACDILL AFB,FL 33608, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 123 EP 124 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00053 ER PT J AU Frye, JL Chen, YL AF Frye, JL Chen, YL GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A case study of the interaction between downslope flow and trade-wind showers over the island of Hawaii SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Frye, JL (reprint author), AF COMBAT CLIMATOL,SCOTT AFB,IL 62225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 686 EP 687 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00334 ER PT B AU Bolen, S Bringi, VN Chandrasekar, V AF Bolen, S Bringi, VN Chandrasekar, V GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A new approach to compare polarimetric radar data to surface measurements SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USAF, Rome Lab, OCSA, Rome, Italy. RP Bolen, S (reprint author), USAF, Rome Lab, OCSA, Rome, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 121 EP 122 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800059 ER PT B AU Harms, DE Boyd, BF Lucci, RM Hinson, MS Maier, MW AF Harms, DE Boyd, BF Lucci, RM Hinson, MS Maier, MW GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Systems used to evaluate the natural and triggered lightning threat to the Eastern Range and Kennedy Space Center SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USAF, 45th Weather Squadron, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RP Boyd, BF (reprint author), USAF, 45th Weather Squadron, 1201 Minuteman St, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 240 EP 241 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800117 ER PT S AU Bushey, DE Malloy, BA AF Bushey, DE Malloy, BA GP SOC COMP SIMULAT TI A study of dynamic traffic re-routing in the national airspace system SO 30TH ANNUAL SIMULATION SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL SIMULATION SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Simulation Symposium CY APR 07-09, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat AB In this paper, we exploit object technology to design a coarse-grained model of an air traffic control system. Since aircraft delay is a critical variable in air traffic control, we consider two factors that contribute to delay: workload and capacity. Parameters to our model permit us to study workload by modifying takeoff frequencies at the airports under consideration. We study capacity by varying the frequency of arrivals and departures. Through modification of these parameters, the ripple effect of increased workload and reduced sector capacity on arrival and departure times is exposed. In both cases, we show that by dynamically rerouting traffic around problem sectors, we can reduce delays considerably; in some cases, dynamic re-routing reduced the number of delays by an order of magnitude. Incorporating the dynamic re-routing technique into our simulator required modifications to a single C++ class, showing that our object-oriented model is easily modified and extended. However, a significant feature of our simulator is efficiency: we model a 24 hour period of air travel, including 50 airports with over 50,000 takeoffs, in a few minutes, obviating the need to parallelize our system. RP Bushey, DE (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT COMP SCI,2354 FAIRCHILD DR,SUITE 6K41,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1080-241X BN 0-8186-7934-4 J9 PROC ANNU SIMUL SYMP PY 1997 BP 104 EP 113 DI 10.1109/SIMSYM.1997.586499 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BH58D UT WOS:A1997BH58D00013 ER PT B AU Costa, J AF Costa, J BE Bidanda, B Jagdale, S TI The future of managing change SO 6TH INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: (IERC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Industrial Engineering Research Conference (IERC6) CY MAY 17-18, 1997 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP Council Ind Engn Acad Dept Heads, Inst Ind Engineers DE change management; culture; attributes; processes; people; values & belief AB Q9000, TQM, Reengineering, and the Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award (MBNQA) all provide criteria for systems that are suppose to help manage and improve the quality of an organization's products and services through some kind of program that changes the way they do business, I will define these as "Change Management Systems" for the purposes of this paper, Still, why do so many efforts to improve fail to meet expectations? All the systems mentioned above include provisions to encourage, implement, and manage infusions of technology, as well as breakthrough innovations, The breakdown, I propose, occurs not in the Change Management System but in the organizational framework these systems are placed in. The purpose of this paper is to establish a theoretical basis for managing change, and why it may or may not work in a given application.The research for this paper was centered around case studies of significant Reengineering projects, since Reengineering has professed to be the most radical of change efforts. Specific recommendations for organizations contemplating a change management project will be provided based upon what was observed. C1 ACS, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Costa, J (reprint author), ACS, 1103 Ave B, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS PI NORCROSS PA 25 TECHNOLOGY PARK/ATLANTA, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA BN 0-89806-177-6 PY 1997 BP 574 EP 579 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BK48T UT WOS:000072316100099 ER PT S AU King, T Stein, C Baird, J AF King, T Stein, C Baird, J GP EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY TI The effect of spacecraft charging on the interaction of atomic oxygen with polymers SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS IN SPACE ENVIRONMENT SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Materials in Space Environment CY JUN 16-20, 1997 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP European Space Agcy, ONERA, CNES AB We have measured scattering and reactions of atomic oxygen (AO) with polysulfone-resin targets, simultaneously bombarded with an electron beam. We the measured rates for reactions leading to CO, CO2, SO and SO2 in the final state, and found that they increased when the target was electrically isolated, allowing it to charge. We verified that the increase in reaction rate was due to the electric fields from target charging, by using an external bias supply and turning off the electron bombardment. We have developed a simple theory which accounts for the effects observed. If substantiated by further studies, this result has implications for the effects of atomic oxygen on spacecraft which are subject to charging. RP King, T (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-279-6 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1997 VL 399 BP 247 EP 252 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BJ70A UT WOS:A1997BJ70A00031 ER PT S AU Wood, BE Hall, DF Lesho, JC Uy, OM Dyer, JS Bertrand, WT AF Wood, BE Hall, DF Lesho, JC Uy, OM Dyer, JS Bertrand, WT GP EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY TI QCM flight measurements of contaminant films and their effect on midcourse space experiment (MSX) satellite optics SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS IN SPACE ENVIRONMENT SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Materials in Space Environment CY JUN 16-20, 1997 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP European Space Agcy, ONERA, CNES AB The Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) is a Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) demonstration and validation satellite program that has both defense and civilian applications. MSX has UV, visible, and infrared instruments including the SPIRIT 3 cryogenic telescope. It also has several contamination measuring instruments for measuring pressure, gas species, water and particulate concentrations and condensable gas species. A cryogenic quartz crystal microbalance (CQCM) and four temperature controlled microbalances (TQCMs) are part of this suite of contamination measuring instruments. This paper describes some of the flight QCM data obtained and analyzed to date. The CQCM is located internal to the SPIRIT 3 cryogenic telescope and is mounted adjacent to the primary mirror. Real-time monitoring of contaminant mass deposition on the primary mirror is provided by the CQCM which is cooled to the same temperature as the mirror-similar to 20 K. The four TQCMs are mounted on the outside of the spacecraft and monitor contaminant deposition on the external surfaces. The TQCMs operate at similar to-50 degrees C and are positioned strategically to monitor the silicone and organic contaminant flux arriving at the UV and visible instruments, or coming from specific contaminant sources such as the solar panels. During the first week of flight operation, all QCMs recorded deposition in the 10-20 ng/cm(2)-day (1-2 Angstrom/day) range. These TQCM deposition rates have continuously decreased, and after 270 days mission elapsed time (MET), the rates have fallen to values between 0 and 0.15 Angstrom/day depending on TQCM location. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGAs) on the CQCM and TQCMs have provided valuable insight into the amount and species of contaminants condensed. RP Wood, BE (reprint author), AEDC GRP,SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-279-6 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1997 VL 399 BP 339 EP 343 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BJ70A UT WOS:A1997BJ70A00041 ER PT B AU Merritt, P Kramer, M AF Merritt, P Kramer, M BE Masten, MK Stockum, LA TI Field test of active tracking of a ballistic missile in the boost phase SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND POINTING XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XI CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The problem of active tracking of a ballistic missile during the boost phase is a very challenging task. The Airborne Laser (ABL) program is interested in this problem in that the ABL may use this technique. The Phillips Laboratory in response to this technical requirement embarked on a project to verify the feasibility of active tracking over a horizontal path through the atmosphere. One of the main efforts in this project was to demonstrate active tracking from a ground site, using the Army's Sea Lite Beam Director (SLED) at the High Energy Laser System Test Facility (HELSTF) on White Sands Missile Range. The project proved very successful, both in verifying technical predictions and in gaining hardware experience in accomplishing the active tracking tasks. This paper will present some of the data and review the results of the active tracking missions. The problems encountered included the power of the illuminator beam, the scintillation on the image of the target, noise due to the imaging camera; and jitter in the atmosphere. RP Merritt, P (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,LIA,3550 ABERDEEN AVE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2501-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3086 BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1117/12.277173 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ16P UT WOS:A1997BJ16P00001 ER PT J AU Warrier, SG Majumdar, BS Miracle, DB AF Warrier, SG Majumdar, BS Miracle, DB TI Determination of the interface failure mechanism during transverse loading of single fibre SiC/Ti-6Al-4V composites from torsion tests SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES AB During transverse loading of continuous fibre-reinforced composites, large tangential shear stresses develop at the interface at about 45 degrees to the loading axis. These shear stresses may initiate interface failure and frictional sliding, increasing the load in the matrix and lowering the applied stress to cause normal fibre-matrix separation. In the present study, an attempt has been made to measure the tangential shear strength of the interface for single fibre SiC/Ti-6Al-4V composites with varying interfaces using torsion testing and finite element stress analysis. An energy based fracture mechanics approach was developed to predict the micro-mechanical response of the composite to torsional loading following interface crack initiation. The fracture mechanics analysis suggests that a non-linearity would appear in the strain versus angle of twist curve once debonding initiates. Based on the onset of non-linearity and finite element stress analysis, the tangential shear strength for SCS-6/Ti-6Al-4V interface (carbon-rich coated) was estimated at 50 MPa; that for the SCS-0/Ti-6Al4V interface (uncoated) was greater than 80 MPa, and that for the AC1/Ti-6Al4V interface (carbon coated) was about 40 MPa. Comparison of these results with experimental observations and finite element analysis of transverse tension tests indicates that failure in SCS-6/Ti-6Al-4V and AC1/Ti-6Al-4V composites is initiated by tangential shear failure of the interface. In SCS-0/Ti-6Al-4V composites, the results are not conclusive. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Warrier, SG (reprint author), UES INC,4401 DAYTON XENIA RD,DAYTON,OH, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(96)00161-9 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WB869 UT WOS:A1997WB86900026 ER PT B AU Christou, JC Bonaccini, D Ageorges, N AF Christou, JC Bonaccini, D Ageorges, N BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI Deconvolution of adaptive optics near-infrared system (ADONIS) images SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics and Applications CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE adaptive optics; astronomy; infrared imaging; image post processing; deconvolution; blind deconvolution AB Post processing of data obtained from the European Southern Observatory's ADONIS system is presented here. A physically constrained iterative deconvolution algorithm is applied to both bright and faint object data demonstrating both object and point spread function recovery. Comparisons are made with standard linear and non-linear deconvolution algorithms. Simulated data is used to investigate the combined system and post-processing performance on faint extended objects. RP Christou, JC (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,PL,LIG,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2548-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3126 BP 68 EP 80 DI 10.1117/12.279065 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86X UT WOS:A1997BJ86X00008 ER PT B AU Brigantic, RT Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM Bauer, KW AF Brigantic, RT Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM Bauer, KW BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI Closed loop bandwidth optimization to maximize adaptive optics system performance SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics and Applications CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE closed loop bandwidth; adaptive optics system; performance; optimization; image quality; seeing conditions; light level; Greenwood frequency AB We present results of research aimed at optimizing adaptive optics closed loop bandwidth settings to maximize imaging system performance. The optimum closed loop bandwidth settings are determined as a function of target object light levels and atmospheric seeing conditions. Our work shows that for bright objects, the optimum closed loop bandwidth is near the Greenwood frequency. However, for dim objects without the use of a laser beacon, the preferred closed loop bandwidth settings are a small fraction of the Greenwood frequency. In addition, under low light levels, selection of the proper closed loop bandwidth is more critical for achieving maximum performance than under high light levels. We also present a strategy for selecting the closed loop bandwidth to provide robust system performance for different target object light levels. RP Brigantic, RT (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT OPERAT SCI,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2548-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3126 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1117/12.279062 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86X UT WOS:A1997BJ86X00016 ER PT B AU Roggemann, MC Bright, VM Welsh, BM Hick, SR Roberts, PC Cowan, WD Comtois, JH AF Roggemann, MC Bright, VM Welsh, BM Hick, SR Roberts, PC Cowan, WD Comtois, JH BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI Experimental demonstration of using micro-electro-mechanical deformable mirrors to control optical aberrations SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics and Applications CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS); deformable mirrors; aberration control AB Micro-electro-mechanical deformable mirrors (MEM-DM) are solid state electronic devices with small, movable reflective surface elements which can be used to manipulate the phase of optical wave fronts. MEM-DMs differ from conventional continuous facesheet deformable mirrors in that the movable surface of a MEM-DM consists of a set of segmented moving surfaces. The segmented, reflective surfaces of a MEM-DM give rise to larger diffraction effects than those provided by continous facesheet deformable mirrors. However, MEM-DMs are still attractive due to their low cost and the low drive voltages. In this paper we present laboratory results demonstrating reduction of a fixed aberration using a MEM-DM device. RP Roggemann, MC (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH ENGN,DEPT ENGN PHYS,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2548-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3126 BP 173 EP 184 DI 10.1117/12.279038 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86X UT WOS:A1997BJ86X00018 ER PT B AU Roggemann, MC Lee, DJ AF Roggemann, MC Lee, DJ BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI Correcting for amplitude effects in laser beam propagation through the turbulent atmosphere using a two deformable mirror technique SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics and Applications CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE optical field conjugation; deformable mirrors; scintillation correction; phase retrieval AB A two deformable mirror concept for correcting amplitude effects in laser beam projection through the turbulent atmosphere is presented. This system uses a deformable mirror and a Fourier transforming mirror to adjust the amplitude of the wave front in the telescope pupil. A second deformable mirror is used to correct the phase of the wave front before it leaves the aperture. The phase applied to the deformable mirror used for controlling the beam amplitude is obtained using a technique based on the Fienup phase retrieval algorithm. One dimensional simulation results are presented which indicate that the average on-axis energy is improved by 15% or more on average, and the 90% encircled energy radius can be reduced by up to 30% on average. RP Roggemann, MC (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN PHYS,GRAD SCH ENGN,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2548-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3126 BP 228 EP 238 DI 10.1117/12.279041 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86X UT WOS:A1997BJ86X00025 ER PT B AU Ellerbroek, BL Thelen, BJ Lee, DJ Carrara, DA Paxman, RG AF Ellerbroek, BL Thelen, BJ Lee, DJ Carrara, DA Paxman, RG BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI Comparison of Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing and phase-diverse phase retrieval SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics and Applications CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE phase diversity; wavefront sensing; phase retrieval; wavefront reconstruction; adaptive optics; laser guide stars AB The effect of focus anisoplanatism upon the performance of an astronomical laser guide star (LGS) adaptive optics (AO) system can in principle be reduced if the lowest order wavefront aberrations are sensed and corrected using a natural guide star (NGS). For this approach to be useful, the noise performance of the wavefront sensor (WFS) used for the NGS measurements must be optimized to enable operation with the dimmest possible source. Two candidate sensors for this application are the Shack-Hartmann sensor and ''phase-diverse phase retrieval,'' a comparatively novel approach in which the phase distortion is estimated from two or more well-sampled, full-aperture images of the NGS measured with known adjustments applied to the phase profile. We present analysis and simulation results on the noise-limited performance of these two methods for a sample LGS AO observing scenario. The common parameters for this comparison are the NGS signal level, the sensing wavelength, the second-order statistics of the phase distortion, and the RMS detector read noise. Free parameters for the two approaches are the Shack-Hartmann subaperture geometry, the focus biases used for the phase-diversity measurements, and the algorithms used to estimate the wavefront. We find that phase-diverse phase retrieval provides consistently superior wavefront estimation accuracy when the NGS signal level is high. For lower NGS signal levels on the order of 10(3) photodetection events, the Shack-Hartmann (phase diversity) approach is preferred at a RMS detector read noise level of 5 (0) electrons/pixel. RP Ellerbroek, BL (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,PL LIG,3550 ABERDEEN SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2548-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3126 BP 307 EP 320 DI 10.1117/12.290157 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86X UT WOS:A1997BJ86X00033 ER PT B AU Montera, DA Brown, JM AF Montera, DA Brown, JM BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI Automatic centroid calculation gain control in the new SOR CCD tracker SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics and Applications CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE automatic gain control; centroid calculation; star tracking; Strehl ratio estimation AB The centroid calculation algorithms used in some tracking systems have an inherent gain associated with them. This gain is dependent on the relationship between the spot size and the field of view of each element in the detector array. The new CCD tracker developed at the Starfire Optical Range is very sensitive to the overall gain of the tracker algorithms, including centroid calculation gain. This paper discusses an automatic gain control system developed to estimate the instantaneous gain of the centroid calculation algorithm. This system bases its estimate only on the information contained in the pixel counts of the tracker's detector array. This centroid calculation gain estimate is then used to maintain a constant overall gain throughout the entire tracking system. This paper also shows that the parameter used to estimate centroid estimator gain can be used to estimate the image Strehl ratio. RP Montera, DA (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,STARFIRE OPT RANGE,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2548-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3126 BP 424 EP 431 DI 10.1117/12.290161 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86X UT WOS:A1997BJ86X00045 ER PT B AU Brigantic, RT Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM Bauer, KW AF Brigantic, RT Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM Bauer, KW BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI Clustering of wavefront sensor subapertures to improve adaptive optics system performance SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics and Applications CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE wavefront sensor; subapertures; adaptive optics system; performance; image quality; seeing conditions; light level; Greenwood frequency AB This paper presents a discussion of the trade-offs between fully and partially compensated adaptive optics systems. The key concept explored was the trade-offs to be made between increasing the system sample spacing by enlarging the size of subapertures and the associated decrease in noise levels at the wavefront sensor. A method to counteract the impact of low light levels on adaptive optics system performance without the use of laser beacons was examined. This method involves the notion of ''clustering'' smaller wavefront sensor subapertures into larger effective wavefront sensor subapertures via software instruction. However, for the modeled 1.6 meter adaptive optics system, no benefit was seen by switching to a clustering scheme. RP Brigantic, RT (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT OPERAT SCI,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2548-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3126 BP 551 EP 560 DI 10.1117/12.279061 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86X UT WOS:A1997BJ86X00061 ER PT B AU Naboulsi, S Mall, S AF Naboulsi, S Mall, S BE Karihaloo, BL Mai, YW Ripley, MI Ritchie, RO TI Three layer technique for bonded composite patch SO ADVANCES IN FRACTURE RESEARCH, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference in Fracture (ICF9) CY APR 01-05, 1997 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Congress Fracture DE three layer technique; adhesively bonded patch; repair of cracked panel; debond; stress intensity factor; strain energy release rate AB This study introduces the two-dimensional finite element analysis involving the three layer technique to investigate the repair of cracked metallic structures using adhesively bonded composite patch. The three layer technique uses two-dimensional Mindlin plate elements with transverse shear deformation capability for all three layers; cracked plate, adhesive, and composite patch. Tile accuracy of the three layer technique to compute the stress intensity factor for the metallic crack and the strain energy release rate of debond at the adhesive interface is demonstrated by a comparison with available two-dimensional and three-dimensional models. The three layer technique provides an efficient anti accurate alternative method to expensive three-dimensional finite element analysis. Further, the three layer technique is capable of investigating in-depth the adhesive effects on the bonded composite patch repairs. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042820-7 PY 1997 BP 2167 EP 2174 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ89P UT WOS:A1997BJ89P00246 ER PT J AU Dyer, R Rowe, A Pliske, R AF Dyer, R Rowe, A Pliske, R TI CAMeT: Cognitive analysis of meteorological tasks SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. KLEIN ASSOCIATES,FAIRBORN,OH. RP Dyer, R (reprint author), GEOPHYS DIRECTORATE,HANSCOM AFB,MA, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 99 EP 101 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA XV566 UT WOS:A1997XV56600011 ER PT J AU Cobb, RG Liebst, BS AF Cobb, RG Liebst, BS TI Structural damage identification using assigned partial eigenstructure SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A method of identifying damaged structural elements from measured modal data using an incomplete measurement set is presented. The method uses a mathematical optimization strategy to minimize deviations between measured and analytical modal frequencies and partial mode shapes. Damage is identified by determining the stiffness change to a finite element model required to match the measured data of the damaged structure, Damaged elements are obtained directly from the results of the cost-function minimization because the allowed structural changes are consistent with the original finite element formulation. The cost-function minimization is based on an assigned partial eigenstructure algorithm in which the physical properties of the structural elements are treated as control variables, which are chosen to achieve the measured partial eigenstructure. An iterative solution is used to solve the nonlinear optimization problem. Experimental results are reported for a cantilevered eight-bay truss assembly consisting of 104 elements. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 12 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 152 EP 158 DI 10.2514/2.77 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WB040 UT WOS:A1997WB04000022 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP AF Rizzetta, DP TI Numerical simulation of vortex-induced oblique shock-wave distortion SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 15-19, 1996 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID 2-EQUATION MODEL; TURBULENCE RP USAF, WRIGHT LAB, COMPUTAT FLUID DYNAM RES BRANCH, AEROMECH DIV, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 209 EP 211 DI 10.2514/2.7439 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA WB040 UT WOS:A1997WB04000034 ER PT B AU Catlin, A Myers, L Bauer, K Rogers, S Broussard, R AF Catlin, A Myers, L Bauer, K Rogers, S Broussard, R BE Zelnio, EG TI Performance modeling for automatic target recognition systems SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery IV CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE automatic target recognition; performance modeling; linear regression; neural networks AB This paper explores using linear regression and Artificial Neural Networks to model the performance of an ATR algorithm based on a given set of data. Here, a probability of detection response surface as a function of relevant parameters (depression angle of a tank, age of breast cancer patient, etc.) is simulated. It is then shown that this surface can be approximated using either linear regression or an artificial neural network with good results. These regression surfaces can provide valuable information to the ATR developer/customer in terms of trying to predict ATR performance in untested areas. The application of this ATR performance modeling methodology becomes clear when we consider applying it to a common problem, such as air-to-ground target detection, where the changing parameters of the target can give a good set of data points from which to build the response curve. RP Catlin, A (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT OPERAT RES,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2485-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3070 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1117/12.281555 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ39B UT WOS:A1997BJ39B00018 ER PT B AU Ross, TD Westerkamp, LA Zelnio, EG Burns, TJ AF Ross, TD Westerkamp, LA Zelnio, EG Burns, TJ BE Zelnio, EG TI Extensibility and other model-based ATR evaluation concepts SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery IV CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE ATR; model-based; performance; evaluation; extensibility; scalability AB This paper introduces concepts that, we hope, will help move the discussion of ATR evaluation in a direction that addresses long standing difficulties associated with getting rest results that are meaningful to the program managers as they compare performance across technologies, to the users as they consider applications, and to the developers as they consider alternative approaches to the many ATR challenges. The paper is motivated by the recent need to independently evaluate an ATR system whose design is model-driven, particularly the DARPA/WL Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) Program. There are two complementary classes of concepts. One class, which we call Performance. includes Accuracy, Extensibility, Robustness, and Utility. These Performance concepts encourage explicit consideration of the relationship between the test data, the training data, and data from modeled conditions. The other class, which we call Cost includes Efficiency, Scalability, and Synthetic Trainability. Cost concepts help bring out some of the unique characteristics of the costs associated with ATR design and operation. RP Ross, TD (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WL AAC,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2485-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3070 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1117/12.281559 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ39B UT WOS:A1997BJ39B00021 ER PT B AU Zelnio, E Garber, F Westerkamp, L Worrell, S Westerkamp, J Jarratt, M Deardorf, C Ryan, P AF Zelnio, E Garber, F Westerkamp, L Worrell, S Westerkamp, J Jarratt, M Deardorf, C Ryan, P BE Zelnio, EG TI Characterization of ATR systems SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery IV CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE ATR; dimensionality; statistical pattern recognition; model-based AB This paper defines the ATR problem outside the boundaries of the statistical pattern recognition(1) (SPR) problem. It is believed that the state of the art supports successful application of SPR strategies to solve recognition problems and to the extent that the automatic target recognition (ATR) problem and the SPR problem are the same, the ATR problem is quite solvable. However, ATR remains problematic it its full realization and promise and has only been solved under a set of constrained conditions - those which map into the SPR problem. These are problems where the conditions of the training set are totally representative of the conditions under the test set. The purpose of this paper is to facilitate further progress in ATR development by defining the ATR problem in a more general way that is believed to be more representative of the actual ATR problem facing various ATR users rather than the more restricted SPR definition. RP Zelnio, E (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WL AAC,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2485-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3070 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1117/12.281560 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ39B UT WOS:A1997BJ39B00022 ER PT B AU Williams, R AF Williams, R BE Zelnio, EG TI Residual-based adaptive modeling for data trajectory realignment to improve model-based ATR performance SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery IV CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE adaptive modeling; radar signal processing; model-based ATR; automatic Target recognition AB The Wright Lab Combat information Division's System-Oriented HRR Automatic Recognition Program (SHARP) plans to develop and mature advanced air-to-ground high range resolution (HRR) Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) capabilities for transition into suitable operational Air Force airborne platforms. ATR technologies have historically been template and feature based and generally provide good performance but at the expense of robustness. However, because of the need far robust ATR performance in an operational scenario, model-based ATR is being considered for possible future transition. This paper presents preliminary results on research dealing with what is commonly referred to as the 'training on synthetic testing on measured' problem (TOS-TOM) in which algorithms trained on synthetic signatures often do nor perform well when tested on measured data. The data trajectory realignment approach proposed in this paper makes the claim that poor TOS-TOM performance is the result of sufficient differences between the trajectories of synthetic data and their measured counterpart. An adaptive model was developed which captures the trajectory relationship between synthetic and measured data and adaptively estimates the model parameters needed for realignment. Surrogate data sets were used for the preliminary proof of concept experiments and initial 2 class results showed more than 20% increase in probability of correct classification. RP Williams, R (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AUTOMAT TARGETING RECOGNIT DEV BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2485-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3070 BP 346 EP 354 DI 10.1117/12.281571 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ39B UT WOS:A1997BJ39B00032 ER PT B AU Thai, S Malowicki, J AF Thai, S Malowicki, J BE Senior, JM Cryan, RA Qiao, C TI Free-space dynamically reconfigurable bacteriorhodopsin holographic crossbar SO ALL-OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: ARCHITECTURE, CONTROL, AND NETWORK ISSUES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on All-Optical Communication Systems - Architecture, Control, and Network Issues III CY NOV 02-03, 1997 CL DALLAS, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE bacteriorhodopsin; dynamically reconfigurable; free-space photonic crossbar; transparent data redistribution; fiber optic bandwidth capacity; parallelism; multidimensionality AB This paper reports on the novelty of the bacteriorhodopsin photonic crossbar system for broadband communications. A free-space dynamically reconfigurable bacteriorhodopsin holographic crossbar provides a large interconnectivity density, transparent data redistribution, and fiber optic bandwidth capacity. This switching device resolves optical-to-electronic and electronic-to-optical conversion bottleneck and reduces signal-to-noise degradation which is due to the conversions. This crossbar design is completely free of internal blocking which is one of the major drawbacks of guided optical crossbars. This system takes advantage of the parallelism and multidimensionality inherent in optics and can be scaled to a large capacity of MXN while it maintains a low weight and portability which are a projected requirement for future broadband communications. This NXN crossbar is an intelligent holographic system for routing and switching by dynamically reconfigurable grating of bacteriorhodopsin which has high write/read photocyclicity that is greater than 10(6). RP Thai, S (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,OCPC,25 ELECT PKWY,ROME,NY 13441, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2663-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3230 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.290369 PG 10 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BJ78T UT WOS:A1997BJ78T00001 ER PT J AU Chan, YT Constable, SH Bomalaski, SH AF Chan, YT Constable, SH Bomalaski, SH TI A lightweight ambient air cooling unit for use in hazardous environments SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE continuous cooling; hazardous environment; heat stress; personal comfort; protective clothing AB Recent research demonstrated (a) the effectiveness of intermittent conditioned air cooling during rest breaks to significantly reduce cumulative heat storage and (b) that longer work sessions were possible for individuals wearing chemical defense ensembles. To further advance this concept, a strategy for implementing continuous air cooling was conceived; ambient air cooling was added during work cycles and conditioned air cooling was delivered during rest periods. A compact battery-powered beltpack cooling unit (3.9 kg) designed and made at the U.S. Air Force Armstrong laboratory was used to deliver 5.7 L/sec filtered ambient air during work cycles: 4.7 L/sec to the body and 1 L/sec to the face. Five experimental cycles were conducted in a thermally controlled chamber under warm conditions (32 degrees C, 40% relative humidity) with (1) no cooling-intermittent work, (2) intermittent cooling, (3) continuous cooling during intermittent exercise, and (4) no cooling-continuous work and (5) ambient air cooling during continuous exercise. intermittent, conditioned, and continuous air cooling resulted in significant reductions in rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, and heart rate as compared with the no-cooling trials. The continuous air-cooling trial significantly improved thermal comfort and sweat evaporation Results suggest that ambient air delivered during work cycles by a lightweight portable unit (in conjunction with conditioned air delivered during rest periods), can definitely improve personal comfort, reduce skin temperature, and decrease the cumulative fatigue common to repeated work/rest cycles in selected military and industrial applications in which individuals work in chemical defense ensembles. RP Chan, YT (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,AL-CFT,2504 GILLINGHAM DR,SUITE 1,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 58 IS 1 BP 10 EP 14 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WC312 UT WOS:A1997WC31200003 ER PT J AU Sheriff, DD Luo, ZY AF Sheriff, DD Luo, ZY TI Capacitive function of the heart: Influence of acute changes in heart volume on mean right atrial pressure SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE venous system; central venous pressure; central blood volume; blood volume mobilization; blood volume distribution; blood volume reservoir; vascular capacitance; venous return; venous function; ventricular volume; atrial pacing; ventricular tachycardia ID FILLING PRESSURE; DYNAMIC EXERCISE; CARDIAC-FUNCTION; AWAKE DOGS; ELEVATION; PIGS AB Net transfer of blood volume into or out of the cardiac chambers should have the same effect on central venous pressure as does transfer of an equal volume of blood to or from peripheral organs (e.g., spleen or liver). We studied five pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized open-chest pigs (20-23 kg) to determine whether a reduction in the time-averaged volume of blood contained in the heart, induced by rapid atrial pacing, can raise right atrial pressure. A central premise of our study is that the mean value of right atrial pressure is acutely governed by the volume of blood that distends the central veins, and that atrial contractions primarily determine how atrial pressure varies about its mean value. To prevent changes in cardiac output from altering central blood volume and pressure, cardiac output during rapid pacing (2.36 +/- 0.18 l/min) was made to equal the resting output (2.35 +/- 0.16 . l/min). This was achieved by selecting a rate of pacing at which the tendency for more frequent cardiac contractions to raise cardiac output was counterbalanced by the decrease in stroke volume induced by rapid pacing. Autonomic reflex mechanisms were attenuated by pharmacological blockade. Mean arterial pressure was minimally affected in the transition from a normal sinus rhythm (89 +/- 6 beats/min) to rapid atrial pacing (165 +/- 7 beats/min) in four pigs. Mean right atrial pressure rose abruptly from 2.8 +/- 0.5 mmHg during normal sinus rhythm to 3.5 +/- 0.5 mmHg (P = 0.015) at the onset of rapid pacing in these four pigs, presumably owing to decreased cardiac blood volume and a reciprocal expansion of central venous volume. In the fifth pig, a reduction in cardiac output induced by tachycardia led to a larger rise in mean right atrial pressure than did a reduction in cardiac output induced by bradycardia, presumably because tachycardia reduces cardiac blood Volume whereas bradycardia raises cardiac volume. We conclude that the heart may play an important role in maintaining or raising its own filling pressure when heart rate rises. C1 St Elizabeths Med Ctr, Div Cardiovasc Res, Boston, MA 02135 USA. RP Sheriff, DD (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, CFTF, Suite 25,2504 Gillingham Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-46314] NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 272 IS 1 BP H553 EP H558 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA WG572 UT WOS:A1997WG57200064 PM 9038978 ER PT J AU Slawski, DP Howard, RF AF Slawski, DP Howard, RF TI Surgical management of refractory trochanteric bursitis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Sports Trauma / AOSSM 22nd Annual Meeting CY JUN 16, 1996 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP Amer Orthopaed Soc Sports Med ID SNAPPING HIP AB We reviewed a single surgeon's experience with the surgical management of refractory trochanteric bursitis in an active population group. The surgical procedure consisted of simple longitudinal release of the iliotibial band over the greater trochanter and excision of the subgluteal bursa. To our knowledge, this is the first series to use this technique. Seven hips in five patients form the basis of the study, making it one of the largest surgical series reported. All patients had no improvement after a minimum of 1 year of nonoperative management consisting of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication, iliotibial band stretching, diathermy, ultrasound, and injections of local anesthetics combined with corticosteroids (average, 4.8 injections). Patients had experienced symptoms preoperatively for an average of 3.8 years and had noted marked limitation in vocational and recreational activities. The preoperative Harris hip score averaged 51.7. Four of the five patients (six hips) were available for evaluation at the time of this study, at an average of 20 months postoperatively. The average Harris hip score was 95.0. All patients were satisfied with the surgical results and had returned to unrestricted vocational and athletic activities. The remaining patient was last seen 6 months postoperatively and her Harris hip score had improved from 49 to 84. C1 USAF,MED CTR,DEPT ORTHOPED SURG,SCOTT AFB,IL. NR 14 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 86 EP 89 DI 10.1177/036354659702500117 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA WD949 UT WOS:A1997WD94900017 PM 9006699 ER PT J AU Lancaster, KJ Liang, CY Myers, JC McCabe, KM AF Lancaster, KJ Liang, CY Myers, JC McCabe, KM TI Goblet cell carcinoid arising in a mature teratoma of the mediastinum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE goblet cell carcinoid; mediastinal teratoma; teratoma with malignant transformation ID MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; TUMORS; ADENOCARCINOMA; APPENDIX; OVARY AB Goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) is a rare but distinctive neoplasm with features of both adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumor. Most cases described in the literature have occurred in the appendix. An additional well-defined location is the ovary, and these tumors have been associated with a mature teratoma of the ovary. GCC arising within a mature teratoma of the mediastinum has not been described in the English-language literature. We report a case of this previously undescribed entity and provide a review of the literature on mediastinal teratomas with malignant transformation. The histologic findings included uniform, smooth-bordered glandular nests lined by goblet cells and admired endocrine and Paneth cells. Occasional tubular glands were present, as were transitional type glands with both goblet cell and tubular features. Cytologic atypia was minimal, and mitotic activity was rare. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive staining of GCC tumor cells with chromogranin, cytokeratin, neuron-specific enolase, serotonin (focal), and Leu-7 (focal). The GCC component was entirely contained within the mature teratoma. RP Lancaster, KJ (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,PSLC,DEPT PATHOL,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0147-5185 J9 AM J SURG PATHOL JI Am. J. Surg. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 109 EP 113 DI 10.1097/00000478-199701000-00012 PG 5 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA WB243 UT WOS:A1997WB24300012 PM 8990147 ER PT S AU Ferreira, AM Karna, SP Brothers, CP Pugh, RD Singaraju, BBK Vanheusden, K Warren, WL Devine, RAB AF Ferreira, AM Karna, SP Brothers, CP Pugh, RD Singaraju, BBK Vanheusden, K Warren, WL Devine, RAB BE Warren, WL Devine, RAB Matsumura, M Cristoloveanu, S Homma, Y Kanicki, J TI A quantum mechanical investigation of positively charged defects in SiO2 thin film devices SO AMORPHOUS AND CRYSTALLINE INSULATING THIN FILMS - 1996 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Crystalline Insulating Thin Films, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-04, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Nippon Elect Co, SOITEC, US, Hitachi Ltd AB Ab initio Hartree-Fock and second-order Moller-Plesset theory calculations have been performed to investigate the stability of triply-coordinated O+ centers in the Si-O-Si network of amorphous SiO2. The calculations reveal that the H+ ion binds with a bridging O center to form a very stable (D-e > 6 eV) trivalent O complex. Capture of an electron by the positively charged protonated complex, however, is predicted to immediately lead to the dissociation of the O-H bond. A relatively weaker, but stable bond is also formed between the bridging O atom and a +SiH3 ion. RP Ferreira, AM (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SPACE MISSION TECHNOL DIV,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-350-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 446 BP 247 EP 253 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH92V UT WOS:A1997BH92V00036 ER PT S AU Stadler, BJH Li, YQ Cherif, M Vaccaro, K Lorenzo, JP AF Stadler, BJH Li, YQ Cherif, M Vaccaro, K Lorenzo, JP BE Warren, WL Devine, RAB Matsumura, M Cristoloveanu, S Homma, Y Kanicki, J TI Doped yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin films for integrated magneto-optical applications SO AMORPHOUS AND CRYSTALLINE INSULATING THIN FILMS - 1996 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Crystalline Insulating Thin Films, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-04, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Nippon Elect Co, SOITEC, US, Hitachi Ltd AB A novel single-source MOCVD technique was used to deposit Ce:YIG ((Ce,Y)(3)Fe5O12) films which were investigated for integrated magneto-optical applications, such as waveguide isolators. These films were grown on gadolinium gallium garnet substrates in order to optimize the growth conditions before growth on semiconductor substrates was attempted. We were able to achieve very high ratios of Ce:Y (= 0.4) due to the nonequilibrium nature of MOCVD. Ce:YIG films on GGG substrates were epitaxial with excellent optical and magnetic properties, along with high Faraday rotations that were comparable to commercial Bi:YIG. Planar waveguiding was observed in Ce:YIG films on both GGG and MgO substrates. MgO also proved to be a successful buffer layer for protecting the semiconductor substrates during YIG deposition. The Ce:YIG films on MgO-buffered GaAs had very promising magnetic properties, but the MgO deposition on InP must be optimized before successful Ce:YIG films on InP can be achieved. RP Stadler, BJH (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,BEDFORD,MA 01731, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-350-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 446 BP 389 EP 394 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH92V UT WOS:A1997BH92V00058 ER PT J AU Henderson, CA Reynolds, JE AF Henderson, CA Reynolds, JE TI Acute pulmonary edema in a young male after intravenous nalmefene SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID NALOXONE; BUPRENORPHINE; SAFETY RP Henderson, CA (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,PSSA,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 84 IS 1 BP 218 EP 219 DI 10.1097/00000539-199701000-00040 PG 2 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA WA795 UT WOS:A1997WA79500041 PM 8989029 ER PT B AU Frazier, JM AF Frazier, JM BE vanZutphen, LFM Balls, M TI Integrated toxicity testing: putting the pieces back together SO ANIMAL ALTERNATIVES, WELFARE, AND ETHICS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN ANIMAL AND VETERINARY SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences CY OCT 20-24, 1996 CL UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS SP Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Alternat Anim Testing, European Cosmet Toiletry & Perfumery Assoc, European Commiss DGXI, European Commiss ECVAM, L Oreal, Procter & Gamble, Solvay Duphar, Wella AB The evaluation of the toxicity/safety of chemicals requires the integration of a wide range of physical, chemical and biological information. Traditional approaches have relied on the use of in vivo toxicity testing as the main source of biological data for such evaluations. Alternative toxicity testing approaches have been proposed, to provide new databases for toxicity evaluations that would reduce/replace the need for in vivo toxicity testing. After 10-25 years of effort, depending on when you start the clock, the question arises as to where do these approaches stand? What strategies have been proposed to incorporate alternative toxicity testing data into the toxicity evaluation process? What is the current impact of alternative methods on the way we do business? These are important questions to explore, in order to understand what progress has been made. However, an even more interesting question is where will we be 25 years from now? What will be the ultimate contribution of alternative toxicity testing to the chemical toxicity/safety evaluation process? RP Frazier, JM (reprint author), OL AL HSC,OET BLDG 79,2856 G ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-82424-3 J9 DEV AN VET PY 1997 VL 27 BP 699 EP 706 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BJ87M UT WOS:A1997BJ87M00092 ER PT J AU Santos, E AF Santos, E TI On multiple spline approximations for Bayesian computations SO ANNALS OF MATHEMATICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article ID BELIEF NETWORKS; NP-HARD AB Probabilistic reasoning typically suffers from the explosive amount of information it must maintain. There are a variety of methods available for curbing this explosion. However, in doing so, it is important to avoid oversimplifying the given domain through injudicious use of assumptions such as independence. Multiple splining is an approach for compressing and approximating the probabilistic information. Instead of positing additional independence conditions, it attempts to identify patterns in the information. While the data explosion is multiplicative in nature, O(n(1)n(2)...n(k)), multiple splines reduces it to an additive one, O(n(1)+n(2)+...+n(k)). We consider how these splines can be found and used. Since splines exploit patterns in the data, we can also use them to help in filling in missing data. As it turns out, our splining method is quite general and may be applied to other domains besides probabilistic reasoning which can benefit from data compression. RP Santos, E (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1012-2443 J9 ANN MATH ARTIF INTEL JI Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1-4 BP 267 EP 300 DI 10.1023/A:1018984528467 PG 34 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA XQ243 UT WOS:A1997XQ24300008 ER EF