FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Frazier, WG Medina, EA AF Frazier, WG Medina, EA GP SME SME TI Modeling and control of hydraulic forming equipment SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING RESEARCH INSTITUTION OF SME, VOL XXVI, 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIth North American Manufacturing Research Conference CY MAY 19-22, 1998 CL GEORGIA INST TECHNOL, ATLANTA, GA SP Georgia Inst Technol, N Amer Mfg Res Inst, Soc Mfg Engineers HO GEORGIA INST TECHNOL AB Systematic techniques for modeling the components and robustly controlling the velocity of a wide variety of hydraulic forming equipment are presented. In particular, these modeling and control techniques are applied to a 1000-ton hydraulic forge press. Experimental results that verify the accuracy of the simulation model are presented along with simulation results that illustrate the robust performance of a newly proposed control law. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Frazier, WG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MANUFACTURING ENGINEERS PI DEARBORN PA ONE SME DR, PO BOX 930, DEARBORN, MI 48128 USA BN 0-87263-496-5 PY 1998 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BP13V UT WOS:000084220300009 ER PT B AU Medina, EA Malas, JC Frazier, WG AF Medina, EA Malas, JC Frazier, WG GP SME SME TI Simulation and optimization system for design of multi-stage material processes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING RESEARCH INSTITUTION OF SME, VOL XXVI, 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIth North American Manufacturing Research Conference CY MAY 19-22, 1998 CL GEORGIA INST TECHNOL, ATLANTA, GA SP Georgia Inst Technol, N Amer Mfg Res Inst, Soc Mfg Engineers HO GEORGIA INST TECHNOL AB A simulation and optimization based system for design of multi-stage material processes is under development. in order to optimize a product realization process, this system will be able to consider alternative manufacturing sequences and parameters. Industrial, research, and academic organizations are the intended users of this design system. This interactive design system will facilitate the implementation of collaborative design and manufacturing paradigms through the use of remote accessibility, visualization mechanisms, and extensibility features. Current research involves simplified modeling, featurization of transport mechanisms, and multimedia integration for a dynamic and holistic materials process design approach. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Medina, EA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MANUFACTURING ENGINEERS PI DEARBORN PA ONE SME DR, PO BOX 930, DEARBORN, MI 48128 USA BN 0-87263-496-5 PY 1998 BP 287 EP 292 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BP13V UT WOS:000084220300047 ER PT J AU Trivedi, HK Saba, CS Carswell, LC Gschwender, LJ Snyder, CE AF Trivedi, HK Saba, CS Carswell, LC Gschwender, LJ Snyder, CE TI Behavior of perfluoropolyalkylethers under simulated dynamic bearing conditions SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Hard Coatings CY JUN, 1997 CL NORTHWESTERN UNIV, EVANSTON, ILLINOIS SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Soc Engn Sci HO NORTHWESTERN UNIV DE perfluoropolyalkylethers; rolling contact fatigue; wear; high temperature; bearing material ID PFPAE FLUID; LUBRICANTS; STEEL; WEAR; DEGRADATION; SURFACES AB Perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) fluids are of interest to the United States Air Force as potential high temperature liquid lubricants in gas turbine engines. PFPAE fluids have desirable thermal and oxidative stability, and favorable temperature/viscosity characteristics. However, their performance depends on the specific base fluids, additives, bearing material used as well as contact conditions and environments. Screening tests using a modified ball-on-rod type rolling contact fatigue (RCF) tester were conducted to study the effects of the above variables and lubricant circulation on fatigue life, wear and performance of PFPAE. Post test lubricant samples were analyzed for changes in physical and chemical properties. Traditional testing for viscosity, acid number and weight changes was performed. Fluid degradation was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography with atomic emission detector (GC-AED) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Elemental analysis of the deposits formed at the tribocontact were determined by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). C1 UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Trivedi, HK (reprint author), UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PY 1998 VL 5 IS 2-3 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1023/A:1019197825977 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 122LN UT WOS:000076073200014 ER PT J AU Cutler, JN Sanders, JH Fultz, GW Eapen, KC AF Cutler, JN Sanders, JH Fultz, GW Eapen, KC TI The effect of thermal stressing on perfluoropolyalkylethers at elevated temperatures SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE perfluoropolyalkylether fluids; XPS; oxidation-corrosion ID PERFLUOROPOLYETHERS; OXIDATION AB Fultz et al. have reported that the thermo-oxidative properties of linear PFPAEs can be improved by stressing the fluid at elevated temperature (371 degrees C) in the presence of air. A study of M-50 steel coupons exposed to unstressed and stressed linear PFPAE fluids at 260 degrees C and 330 degrees C each reveal complex surface layers. For the coupon exposed to the unstressed fluid at 260 degrees C, a subsurface layer is observed between the iron oxide and iron substrate that has been characterized as being composed of FeF2. In contrast, the coupon exposed to the stressed fluid has a marked increase in the iron oxide thickness (similar to 2-3 times) when compared to the unstressed sample and shows no evidence of a buried fluorine-containing layer. An increase in temperature (330 degrees C) in the stressed fluid O-C test was required to form a subsurface FeF2 layer. It is proposed that the elimination of the fluorine layer found on the M-50 substrate increases the upper temperature limit found from the oxidation-corrosion studies. The increase in the oxide layer thickness implies that the FeF2 layer found in the unstressed sample acts like a diffusion barrier which inhibits the outward movement of Fe-0 and the decreased rate of iron oxide growth. C1 AFRL, MLBT, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Cutler, JN (reprint author), AFRL, MLBT, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PY 1998 VL 5 IS 4 BP 293 EP 296 DI 10.1023/A:1019114329612 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 138ZF UT WOS:000077002400007 ER PT J AU Gschwender, LJ Sharma, SK Snyder, CE Helmick, L Fultz, GW Schreiber, B AF Gschwender, LJ Sharma, SK Snyder, CE Helmick, L Fultz, GW Schreiber, B TI The effect of additives on the wear behavior of bearing steels with RfO(CF2O)(x)(CF2CF2O)(y)(CF2CF2CF2O)(z)R-f perfluoropolyalkylether fluids SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 19-23, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE additive degradation; additive deposition; solubility; aerospace tribology; antioxidant additives; antiwear additives; corrosion inhibitor additives; fluorocarbons; gas turbine oils; high temperatures; polyethers; wear/failure testing devices ID SOLUBLE ADDITIVES; BOUNDARY LUBRICATION; LIQUID LUBRICANTS; SURFACES; FRICTION; VACUUM AB In previous research, high wear of M-50 bearing steel in low humidity air environments was observed for RfO(CF2O)(x) (CF2CF2O)(y)(CF2CF2CF2O)(z)R-f base fluid in a reciprocating tribometer. In this work, the effect of humidity on wear was observed with a four-ball tribometer using the same base fluid in an oxygen-deficient environment with 52100 bearing steel. In low humidity atmospheres, air was found to decrease wear compared to nitrogen in the four-ball wear tribometer. Next, the effects of additives soluble in the base fluid on the wear behavior of M-50 and 52100 steel were studied at low humidity using both a reciprocating tribometer as well as a four-ball tribometer. An attempt was made to adjust conditions of the four-ball test to allow its use for routine screening of additives; however, under the conditions attempted, the four-ball tribometer, whit improved in repeatability for perfluoropolyalkylethers, was not as discriminating as the reciprocating tribometer. All of the additives were found to be effective as antiwear agents using the reciprocating tribometer, but not the four-ball tribometer. The four-ball tribometer results did not correlate well with the reciprocating tribometer results, likely because of higher Hertzian stress In the four-ball tribometer. Analysis of the reciprocating tribometer specimen surfaces by grazing angle microscope Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provided insight into the additives' mechanisms. Results are presented along with proposed explanations for the behavior of the additives in the base fluid. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Cedarville Coll, Cedarville, OH 45314 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Gschwender, LJ (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1080/10402009808983724 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YW245 UT WOS:000071913000010 ER PT S AU Noble, MJ Loehr, JP Lott, JA AF Noble, MJ Loehr, JP Lott, JA BE Choquette, KD Morgan, RA TI Optical optimization of microcavity VCSELs SO VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers II CY JAN 28-29, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB We present a full-vector, finite element analysis of oxide apertured VCSELs, focusing on the optical properties required for low threshold design. We examine several versions of an 870 nm oxide DBR, oxide aperture VCSEL design to gain insight into the physical processes determining diffractive loss. Our results suggest the diffraction may be modeled as a coupling loss to the parasitic (transverse) mode continuum. In this approach, the loss is determined from two competing factors: (1) the lasing mode penetration into the radial cladding region, and (2) the relative alignment of the eigenmode and parasitic mode wavevectors. We also find the characteristic blueshift resulting from the transverse optical confinement. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Noble, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, ENG, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2725-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3286 BP 230 EP 239 DI 10.1117/12.305464 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL04M UT WOS:000074112700024 ER PT S AU Franques, VT AF Franques, VT BE Szu, HH TI Wavelet-based embedded zerotree extension to color coding SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE embedded zerotree coding; multi-resolution coding; color coding; image compression; wavelets AB Recently, a new image compression algorithm was developed which employs wavelet transform and a simple binary linear quantization scheme with an embedded coding technique to perform data compaction. This new family of coder, Embedded Zerotree Wavelet (EZW), provides a better compression performance than the current JPEG coding standard for low bit rates. Since The Embedded Zerotree Wavelet coding algorithm emerged, all of the published coding results related to this coding technique are on monochrome images. In this paper the author has enhanced the original coding algorithm to yield a better compression ratio [2], and has extended the wavelet-based zerotree coding to color images. Color imagery is often represented by several components, such as RGB, in which each component is generally processed separately. With color coding, each component could be compressed individually in the same manner as a monochrome image, therefore requiring a threefold increase in processing rime. Most image coding standards employ de-correlated components, such as YlQ or Y, C-B, C-R, and subsampling of the 'chroma' components, such coding technique is employed here. Results of the coding, including reconstructed images and coding performance, will be presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Franques, VT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 W Eglin Blvd,Ste 205, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1117/12.304870 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200003 ER PT S AU Blasch, E AF Blasch, E BE Szu, HH TI Multiresolutional distributed filtering and prediction for sensor integration SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE multiresolution; wavelets; sensor integration; tracking AB The paper investigates an algorithm for dynamic multiresolutional distributed prediction and filtering for target tracking. The algorithm incorporates a wavelet transform for integrating sensor signals at different resolution levels. Simulating the performance of an aircraft pilot; comparisons for realtime and semi-realtime performances are conducted for tracking situations in which a pilot makes decisions incrementally or after waiting for a history of information, respectively. By predicting from learned experiences and filtering current multiresolutional data achieves optimal filtering control under dynamic uncertainty. C1 USAF, SNAT, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, SNAT, Res Lab, 241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1117/12.304866 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200016 ER PT S AU Lindsey, AR Dill, JC AF Lindsey, AR Dill, JC BE Szu, HH TI A digital transceiver for wavelet-packet modulation SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE digital communication; waveform design; implementation; wavelet packets; transceiver AB Current transceiver designs far wavelet-based communication systems are typically reliant on analog waveform synthesis, however, digital processing is an important part of the eventual success of these techniques. In this paper, a transceiver implementation is introduced for the recently introduced wavelet packet modulation (WPM) scheme which moves the analog processing as far as possible toward the antenna. The transceiver is based on the Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform (DWPT) which incorporates level and node parameters for generalized computation of wavelet packets. In this transform no particular structure is imposed on the filter bank save dyadic branching, and a maximum level which is specified apriori and dependent mainly on speed and/or cost considerations The transmitter/receiver structure takes a binary sequence as input and based on the desired time-frequency partitioning, processes the signal through demultiplexing, synthesis, analysis, multiplexing and data determination completely in the digital domain - with the exception of conversion in and out of the analog domain for transmission. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Grid Connect Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Lindsey, AR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Grid Connect Branch, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1117/12.304875 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200025 ER PT S AU Keller, JG Myers, LR Rogers, SK Kabrisky, M Oxley, ME DeSimio, MP AF Keller, JG Myers, LR Rogers, SK Kabrisky, M Oxley, ME DeSimio, MP BE Szu, HH TI Face recognition using Gabor wavelets and human saccadic behavior SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE gabor; saccade; face recognition; active vision AB We introduce an object recognition system using Gabor filters to model the biological visual field and a saccadic behavioral model to emulate biological active vision. A high resolution image containing an object of interest is first processed by an ensemble of multi-resolution, multi-orientation Gabor filters. The object can then be described by an alternating sequence of fixation coordinates and the Gabor responses at pixel locations surrounding that fixation point. Once this sequence is memorized, a complex image can be searched for the same location/feature sequence, indicating the presence of the memorized object. The model is suitable for memorization of arbitrary objects, and a simple example is presented using a human face as the object of interest. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Keller, JG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 367 EP 377 DI 10.1117/12.304887 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200036 ER PT S AU Brooks, G AF Brooks, G BE Szu, HH TI Natural waveform translation and scaling in early vision SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Wavelet Applications V CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn DE vision processing; vision filters; vision models; early vision; nonorthogonal wavelets AB The wavelet transform dilates and translates a selected fundamental wavelet. Selective sampling of the continuous wavelet transform identifies discrete components used as a basis for signal projections. Similarly, some properties of early vision may be described in terms of dilations and translations of fundamental waveforms. Examples include the optical point spread function, spectral absorption curves of photoreceptors, receptive fields of photoreceptors, receptive fields of post-receptor cells, and eye movements. These vision features are described with respect to the dilation and translation of candidate waveforms. Spatial, temporal, and chromatic filtering in the vision pathways are also described with respect to similarities with wavelet subband analysis. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Adv Guidance Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Brooks, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Adv Guidance Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2840-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3391 BP 447 EP 454 DI 10.1117/12.304894 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK80P UT WOS:000073454200043 ER PT B AU McNeese, MD AF McNeese, MD GP IEEE TI Teamwork, team performance, & team interfaces: Historical precedence and application significance of the research at the USAF Fitts Human Engineering Division SO WIRING THE WORLD: THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON SOCIETY (ISTAS 98) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 98) CY JUN 12-13, 1998 CL S BEND, IN SP IEEE Soc Social Implicat Technol AB Warfare is a complex activity that requires the coordination and integration of many teams to accomplish directives and strategies. Teamwork required in battle management situations often occurs at command posts and is necessarily bound (or enhanced) by the collaborative information infrastructure in place. This paper provides a historical review of the work at the USAF Fitts Human Engineering Division over the last thirty years that has been conducted with the intent to improve team performance and team interfaces. Three distinct eras of research accomplishment are addressed Discussion of these different eras reveal how research has progressed and matured as well as how it has significantly influenced various application domains relative to the conduct of warfare operations and the warfighter. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Collaborat Syst Technol Branch, AFRL,HECI, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4327-1 PY 1998 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA BL51P UT WOS:000075743300024 ER PT J AU Flatte, ME Hasenberg, TC Olesberg, JT Anson, SA Boggess, TF Yan, C McDaniel, DL AF Flatte, ME Hasenberg, TC Olesberg, JT Anson, SA Boggess, TF Yan, C McDaniel, DL TI III-V interband 5.2 mu m laser operating at 185 K SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DIODE-LASERS; THEORETICAL PERFORMANCE; CASCADE LASERS AB We report the operation of a III-V interband laser at a wavelength beyond 5 mu m and temperatures above 90 K. The active region consists of a strain compensated broken gap four layer superlattice of InAs/Ga0.6In0.4Sb/InAs/Al0.3Ga0.42In0.28As0.5Sb0.5 grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The maximum operating temperature under 2.01 mu m pulsed optical excitation was 185 K at a wavelength of 5.2 mu m, The peak pump intensity at the 80 K threshold was 62 kW/cm(2), and the characteristic temperature (T-0) of the threshold intensity was 37 K. This T-0 is comparable to the best observed values for 3-4.5 mu m lasers based on the InAs/GaInSb material system. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(97)04252-6]. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Opt Sci & Technol Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Hughes Res Labs, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Boeing Def & Space Grp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USAF, Phillips Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Flatte, ME (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 29 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 26 BP 3764 EP 3766 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YN588 UT WOS:000071184700006 ER PT J AU Nastrom, GD Eaton, FD AF Nastrom, GD Eaton, FD TI A brief climatology of eddy diffusivities over White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-DISSIPATION RATES; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; GRAVITY-WAVES; TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS; PARAMETERS; STRATOSPHERE; ARECIBO AB Observations of the Doppler spectral width made using the VHF profiler radar at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, are used to estimate the eddy diffusion coefficient K-z at 5-20 km on an hourly basis. The data used span the period 1991-1995. Medians of the hourly values of K-z range from similar to 3 m(2)/s near 5 km to about 0.3 m(2)/s near 14 km. The logarithms of the individual hourly values are approximately normally distributed. Seasonal median values of log K-z are nearly the same at all heights during autumn through spring, while the summer values are about twice as large las the values for other seasons. Hourly values of log K-z are negatively correlated with the static stability, are positively correlated with the vertical shear of the horizontal wind, and show weak negative correlation with the Richardson number during all seasons. The correlation of log K-z with the horizontal wind speed is positive in the winter, indicating that the magnitude of K-z is determined by synoptic weather systems then, and negative in the summer, indicating that convective processes are most important in determining K-z in the summer. The autocorrelation of log K-z as a function of vertical separation decreases more slowly with increasing vertical separation in the troposphere than in the stratosphere. The median values of log K-z that we find compare very well with those of past studies near the tropopause level and above, but in the troposphere they are significantly larger than those reported from the middle and upper atmosphere radar in Japan; this difference is discussed in terms of differences in the local terrain and the climate of the troposphere. C1 St Cloud State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. USAF, Phillips Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Nastrom, GD (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. EM nastrom@stcloudstate.edu; eatonf@smtpgw1.plk.af.mil NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D25 BP 29819 EP 29826 DI 10.1029/97JD02208 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YP443 UT WOS:000071277300006 ER PT J AU Smith, SA Wolden, CA Bremser, MD Hanser, AD Davis, RF Lampert, WV AF Smith, SA Wolden, CA Bremser, MD Hanser, AD Davis, RF Lampert, WV TI High rate and selective etching of GaN, AlGaN, and AlN using an inductively coupled plasma SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID III-V NITRIDES; DRY; INN AB The etching behavior of gallium nitride (GaN), aluminum gallium nitride (AlxGa1-xN), and aluminum nitride (AlN) has been systematically examined in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) using Cl-2 and Ar as the reagents. Etch rates were strongly influenced by ICP power and dc bias, while relatively insensitive to pressure, flow rate, and gas composition. Maximum etch rates of 9800 Angstrom/min for GaN, 9060 Angstrom/min for Al0.28Ca0.72N, and 7490 Angstrom/min for AlN were attained. The etch profiles were highly anisotropic over the range of conditions studied. The dc bias had to exceed certain voltages before significant etch rates were obtained. These values were < -20 V for GaN, -40 V for Al0.28Ga0.72N, and > -50 V for AlN. As such, increasing selectivity for GaN over Al0.28Ga0.72N and AlN was achieved at de biases below -40 V. At -20 V, the GaN etch rates were 38 times greater than AlN and a factor of 10 greater than Al0.28Ga0.72N These results demonstrate the importance of ion bombardment in the etching of these materials. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(97)03651-6]. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, SA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 14 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 51 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 25 BP 3631 EP 3633 DI 10.1063/1.120463 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YN283 UT WOS:000071151400011 ER PT J AU Levine, AD Libelo, EL Bugna, G Shelley, T Mayfield, H Stauffer, TB AF Levine, AD Libelo, EL Bugna, G Shelley, T Mayfield, H Stauffer, TB TI Biogeochemical assessment of natural attenuation of JP-4-contaminated ground water in the presence of fluorinated surfactants SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE biogeochemistry; petroleum-contaminated groundwater; hydrocarbon metabolites; intrinsic remediation ID HYDROCARBON-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; CRUDE-OIL; GRAVEL AQUIFER; SHALLOW SAND; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; SULFATE REDUCTION; BY-PRODUCTS; TOLUENE; XYLENE; BIOTRANSFORMATION AB The biogeochemistry of the natural attenuation of petroleum-contaminated ground water was investigated in a field study. The focus of the study was a fire training site located on Tyndall Air Force Base in Florida. The site has been used by the Air Force for approximately 11 years in fire fighting exercises. An on-site above-ground tank of JP-4 provided fuel for setting controlled fires for the exercises. Various amounts of water and aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) were applied to extinguish the fires. The sources of contamination included leaks from pipelines transporting the fuel, leaks from an oil/water separator and runoff and percolation from the fire fighting activities. Previous investigations had identified jet fuel contamination at the site, however, no active remediation efforts have been conducted to date. The goal of this study was to use biogeochemical monitoring data to delineate redox zones within the site and to identify evidence of natural attenuation of JP-4 contamination. In addition to identifying several hydrocarbon metabolites, fluorinated surfactants (AFFF) were detected down-gradient of the hydrocarbon plume. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Armstrong Lab, Environ Directorate, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Levine, AD (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD DEC 22 PY 1997 VL 208 IS 3 BP 179 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00282-9 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YY404 UT WOS:000072104900004 PM 9496640 ER PT J AU Ellerbroek, BL AF Ellerbroek, BL TI Including outer scale effects in zonal adaptive optics calculations SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; turbulence outer scale; Millin transforms ID ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; PERFORMANCE; COMPENSATION; SYSTEMS; FIELD; ANISOPLANATISM AB Mellin transform techniques are applied to evaluate the covariance of the integrated turbulence-induced phase distortions along a pair of ray paths through the atmosphere from two points in a telescope aperture to a pair of sources at finite or infinite range. The derivation is for the case of a finite outer scale and a von Karman turbulence spectrum. The Taylor hypothesis is assumed if the two phase distortions are evaluated at two different times and amplitude scintillation effects are neglected. The resulting formula for the covariance is a power series in one variable for the case of a fixed atmospheric wind velocity profile and a power series in two variables for a fixed wind-speed profile with a random and uniformly distributed wind direction. These formulas are computationally efficient and can be easily integrated into computer codes for the numerical evaluation of adaptive optics system performance. Sample numerical results are presented to illustrate the effect of a finite outer scale on the performance of natural and laser guide star adaptive optics systems for an 8-m astronomical telescope. A hypothetical outer scale of 10 m significantly reduces the magnitude of tilt anisoplanatism, thereby improving the performance of a laser guide star adaptive optics system if the auxiliary natural star used for full-aperture tip/tilt sensing is offset from the science field. The reduction in higher-order anisoplanatism that is due to a 10-m outer scale is smaller, and the off-axis performance of a natural guide star adaptive optics system is not significantly improved. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. RP Ellerbroek, BL (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,STARFIRE OPT RANGE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 36 BP 9456 EP 9467 DI 10.1364/AO.36.009456 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA YL302 UT WOS:A1997YL30200016 PM 18264506 ER PT J AU Eisele, FL Mauldin, RL Tanner, DJ Fox, JR Mouch, T Scully, T AF Eisele, FL Mauldin, RL Tanner, DJ Fox, JR Mouch, T Scully, T TI An inlet/sampling duct for airborne OR and sulfuric acid measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB An inlet assembly has been designed, tested, and used for the airborne measurements of OH and sulfuric acid. The inlet sampling duct, which incorporates a shroud connected to two nested, restricted flow ducts, slows air velocity by approximately a factor of 16 while maintaining a uniform and well-defined flow. Qualitative wind tunnel tests showed that an inlet shroud that incorporates a 3:1 inner surface and 4.5:I outer elliptical front surface can straighten the airflow at angles of attack of up to 18 degrees-20 degrees with no visible signs of turbulence. Tests using a Pitot tube to scan the flow velocity profile of the restricted flow ducts showed that the shroud, coupled to inlet ducts, could slow the flow and provide a relatively flat average velocity profile across the central portion of the ducts at angles of attack up to 17 degrees. Tests performed using a chemical tracer showed that at angles of attack where the Pitot tube measurements began to indicate slight flow instabilities (17 degrees-24 degrees), there was no mixing from the walls into the center of the inlet. The inlet assembly also possesses the ability to produce a fairly uniform concentration of OH in the relatively constant velocity portion of the inner duct for instrument calibration. Actual measurements of rapidly changing OH and H2SO4 provide both additional evidence of proper inlet operation and new insight into H2SO4 production and loss in and around clouds. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Eisele, FL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM eisele@acd.ucar.edu NR 6 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D23 BP 27993 EP 28001 DI 10.1029/97JD02241 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YN380 UT WOS:000071162700001 ER PT J AU Tomlin, DW Cooper, TM Cline, SM Hughes, JM Adams, WW AF Tomlin, DW Cooper, TM Cline, SM Hughes, JM Adams, WW TI Cadmium glutamate dihydrate SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Crystals of aqua(glutamato)cadmium hydrate, [Cd(C5H7O4).(H2O)]H2O, are orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1). The compound is nearly isostructural with the corresponding zinc and copper complexes. The coordination about the cadmium is a distorted octahedron, with Cd-O1 2.282(3), Cd-O2 2.254(3), Cd-O3 2.303(2), Cd-O4 2.449(2), Cd-O5 2.255(2) and Cd-N 2.290 (2) Angstrom. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Tomlin, DW (reprint author), Tech Management Concepts Inc, POB 340345, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. EM towlindw@ml.wpafb.af.mil RI Adams, Wade/A-7305-2010 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 2053-2296 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Struct. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 53 BP 1815 EP 1816 DI 10.1107/S0108270197009426 PN 12 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA YP745 UT WOS:000071310800039 ER PT J AU Kaspi, R Loehr, JP AF Kaspi, R Loehr, JP TI Bilayer growth period oscillation of the Sb-2 reactivity during molecular beam epitaxy of AlSb (001) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAAS; MBE AB We report oscillations in Sb, reactivity with the growth surface during layer-by-layer deposition of AlSb (001) by molecular beam epitaxy. Real-time measurements of the Sb desorption rate using line-of-sight mass spectrometry, in parallel with reflection high-energy electron diffraction specular beam intensity meaurements, suggest that this behavior results from the periodic variation of the surface step density as these steps act as preferential adsorption sites for antimony. This is further supported by computer simulations that examine the surface step density as a function of bilayer coverage. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(97)03250-6]. C1 USAF,RES LAB,WL,AADP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 24 BP 3537 EP 3539 DI 10.1063/1.120383 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YL273 UT WOS:A1997YL27300025 ER PT J AU Chiang, JC Li, SS Singh, A AF Chiang, JC Li, SS Singh, A TI Two-stack indirect-barrier/triple-coupled quantum well infrared detector for mid-wavelength and long-wavelength infrared dual band detection SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MU-M DETECTION; MULTIQUANTUM WELLS; PHOTODETECTOR; GAAS/ALGAAS AB We report a two-stack indirect-barrier (IB) GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) for mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and a voltage-tunable InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs triple-coupled (TC) QWIP for long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) detection. The peak responsivity of the stacked QWIP at zero bias (PV mode) was found to be 30 mA/W at lambda(p)=4.3 mu m and T=40 K. The maximum peak responsivity for the stacked QWIP was found to be 0.21 A/W at lambda(p)=4.3 mu m, V-b=4 V, and T=40 K. For the LWIR TC-QWIP, the peak detection wavelength due to (E-1-->E-3) transition shifts from 10 to 9.4 mu m as bias voltage increases from 7 to 12 V. The maximum responsivity was found to be 0.085 A/W at lambda(p)=9.4 mu m, V-b = 12 V, and T= 40 K. The results show that simultaneously detection of both the MWIR and LWIR bands can be achieved at V-b greater than or equal to 7 V or V-b less than or equal to-5 V. It is shown that this two-stack QWIP can be used as a voltage-tunable two-color or multicolor QWIP for the MWIR and LWIR dual band detection. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(97)03950-8]. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,PL VTMR,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Chiang, JC (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 24 BP 3546 EP 3548 DI 10.1063/1.120386 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YL273 UT WOS:A1997YL27300028 ER PT J AU Harris, S Dorsey, DL AF Harris, S Dorsey, DL TI Vertical exchange reaction in (Ga,In)As during migration-enhanced epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; GAAS AB We formulate a kinetic description of the vertical exchange reaction in which Ga replaces In during migration enhanced epitaxy of GaAs on InAs. Considering the Ga deposition rate R to be finite rather than infinite, as was done previously, leads to a reinterpretation of experimental results. The kinetic coefficient k as found by comparison with the In concentration profile determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy is found to be 25% greater at 500 degrees C, cycle time of 5 s and R = 1/2 s(-1) than that found earlier. The probability of an In atom being replaced by a newly deposited Ga atom, which depends on the details of the Ga deposition schedule, is determined and found to be identical, 98%, for these conditions to that found earlier. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. MLPO, Mat Directorate, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harris, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 12 BP 6357 EP 6358 DI 10.1063/1.366528 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YM236 UT WOS:000071043400072 ER PT J AU Mather, PT Romo-Uribe, A Han, CD Kim, SS AF Mather, PT Romo-Uribe, A Han, CD Kim, SS TI Rheo-optical evidence of a flow-induced isotropic-nematic transition in a thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymer SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; NORMAL STRESS DIFFERENCE; SHEAR-FLOW; PHASE-TRANSITION; DISORDER TRANSITION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; X-RAY; HELICAL POLYPEPTIDES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; RODLIKE POLYMERS AB A direct rheo-optical characterization of the flow-induced isotropic-nematic (I-N) transition in a semiflexible thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymer (TLCP) was investigated, using a specially constructed apparatus enabling in-situ optical microscopic observations at elevated temperatures, along with cone-and-plate rheometry. For the investigation, an aromatic polyester, poly[(phenylenesulfonyl)p-phenylene 1,10-decamethylenebis(4-oxybenzoate)] (PSHQ10),was synthesized via solution polymerization. Above the equilibrium isotropic-nematic transition temperature for this polymer, T = 170.5 degrees C, application of steady-state shear flow above a certain critical value of shear rate, (gamma)over dot(c), produces a first-order I-N transition, with (gamma)over dot(c) increasing with temperature. This transition is evidenced by the formation of elongated nematic (birefringent) domains in the isotropic matrix, accompanied by a drastic decrease in shear viscosity(eta). Remarkably, the nematic domains that form for (gamma)over dot > (gamma)over dot(c) are optically uniform under cross-polarized optical microscopy; i.e., they are apparently free of disclinations (defects), typical of textured TLCPs. The flow-induced I-N transition in PSHQ10 is found to be reversible; i.e., upon cessation of shear flow, the domains melt to the original isotropic phase and the dynamic moduli rise toward the pretransition values. The observed flow-induced I-N transition may find important applications, such as envisaging new routes for processing TLCPs with better mechanical properties and helping to understand bioprocesses such as silk thread spinning. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, WL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Mather, PT (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, WL MLBP, 2941 P St Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 83 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 25 BP 7977 EP 7989 DI 10.1021/ma970737h PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YM378 UT WOS:000071057600049 ER PT J AU Vaia, RA Giannelis, EP AF Vaia, RA Giannelis, EP TI Lattice model of polymer melt intercalation in organically-modified layered silicates SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID COPOLYMER HOMOPOLYMER BLENDS; MICA-TYPE SILICATES; STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS; ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); EXCLUDED-VOLUME; NANOCOMPOSITES; CHAIN; CONFORMATIONS; MULTILAYERS AB A mean-field, lattice-based model of polymer melt intercalation in organically-modified mica-type silicates (OLS) has been developed. In general, an interplay of entropic and energetic factors determines the outcome of polymer intercalation. Free energy curves and their dependence on energetic and entropic factors suggest three possible equilibrium states-immiscible, intercalated, and exfoliated-all of which have been experimentally observed. The entropic penalty of polymer confinement may be compensated for by the increased conformational freedom of the surfactant chain as the layers separate. When the total entropy change is small, small changes in the system's internal energy will determine if intercalation is thermodynamically possible. Complete layer separation, though, depends on the establishment of very favorable polymer-OLS interactions to overcome the penalty of polymer confinement. For alkylammonium-modified layered silicates, a favorable energy change is accentuated by maximizing the magnitude and number of favorable polymer-surface interactions while minimizing the magnitude and number of unfavorable apolar interactions between the polymer and the functionalizing alkyl surfactants. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 61 TC 672 Z9 694 U1 1 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 25 BP 7990 EP 7999 DI 10.1021/ma9514333 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YM378 UT WOS:000071057600050 ER PT J AU Vaia, RA Giannelis, EP AF Vaia, RA Giannelis, EP TI Polymer melt intercalation in organically-modified layered silicates: Model predictions and experiment SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NANOCOMPOSITES; ELECTROLYTE; HYBRID AB The effect of silicate functionalization, anneal temperature, polymer molecular weight, and constituent interactions on polymer melt intercalation of a variety of styrene-derivative polymers in alkylammonium-functionalized silicates is examined. Hybrid formation requires an optimal interlayer structure for the organically-modified layered silicate (OLS), with respect to the number per host area and size of the alkylammonium chains, as well as the presence of polar interactions between the OLS and polymer. From these observations and the qualitative predictions of the mean-field lattice-based model of polymer melt intercalation (preceding paper in this issue), general guidelines may be established for selecting potentially compatible polymer-OLS systems. The interlayer structure of the OLS should be optimized to maximize the configurational freedom of the functionalizing chains upon layer separation while maximizing potential interaction sites with the surface. The most successful polymers for intercalation exhibited polar character or contained Lewis-acid/base groups. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 826 Z9 869 U1 2 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 25 BP 8000 EP 8009 DI 10.1021/ma9603488 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YM378 UT WOS:000071057600051 ER PT J AU Huang, DH AF Huang, DH TI Dynamic screening induced softening of excitation gap and anticrossing of magneto-plasmon modes SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-QUANTUM-WELL; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; HALL STATE; FIELD; GASES AB A self-consistent field model is applied to calculate the magnetic-field dispersion of both tunneling-like and cyclotron-like collective excitations in double quantum wells. Anticrossing between two dipole-active cyclotron-like modes and a softened excitation gap of the tunneling-like mode are predicted and explained as a result of the dynamic electron screening effect in double quantum wells. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, PLVTMR, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, PLVTMR, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE,Bldg 426, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 236 IS 4 BP 351 EP 355 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00780-9 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YL985 UT WOS:000071015500016 ER PT J AU Lee, DJ Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM Crosby, ER AF Lee, DJ Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM Crosby, ER TI Evaluation of least-squares phase-diversity technique for space telescope wave-front sensing SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID IMAGE-RESTORATION; RECONSTRUCTION; ABERRATIONS AB Because of mechanical aspects of fabrication, launch, and operational environment, space telescope optics can suffer from unforeseen aberrations, detracting from their intended diffraction-limited performance goals. We give the results of simulation studies designed to explore how wave-front aberration information for such near-diffraction-limited telescopes can be estimated through a regularized, low-pass filtered version of the Gonsalves (least-squares) phase-diversity technique. We numerically simulate models of both monolithic and segmented space telescope mirrors; the segmented case is a simplified model of the proposed next generation space telescope. The simulation results quantify the accuracy of phase diversity as a wave-fron sensing (WFS) technique in estimating the pupil phase map. The pupil phase is estimated from pairs of conventional and out-of-focus photon-limited point-source images. Image photon statistics are simulated for three different average light levels. Simulation results give an indication of the minimum light level required for reliable estimation of a large number of aberration parameters under the least-squares paradigm. For weak aberrations that average a 0.10 lambda pupil rms to a best case of only 0.002 lambda pupil rms, depending on the light level as well as on the types and degrees of freedom of the aberrations present. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENGN PHYS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Lee, DJ (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 10 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 35 BP 9186 EP 9197 DI 10.1364/AO.36.009186 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA YJ922 UT WOS:A1997YJ92200009 PM 18264477 ER PT J AU Haven, BA Kurosaka, M AF Haven, BA Kurosaka, M TI Kidney and anti-kidney vortices in crossflow jets SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE JET; FLOW TRANSPORT; ROUND JET; STREAM AB Water tunnel experiments were conducted to examine the effect of hole exit geometry on the near-field characteristics of crossflow jets. Hole shapes investigated were round, elliptical, square, and rectangular, all having the same cross-sectional area. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) were used. The vorticity around the circumference of the jet was tracked to identify its relative contributions to the nascent streamwise vortices, which evolve eventually into kidney vortices downstream. The distinction between sidewall vorticity and that from the leading and trailing edges, though blurred for a round hole, became clear for a square or a rectangular hole. The choice of non-circular holes also made it possible to reveal the unexpected double-decked structures of streamwise vortices and link them to the vorticity generated along the wall of the hole. The lowermost vortex pair of the double-decked structures, located beneath the jet, is what we call a 'steady' vortex pair. This pair is always present and has the same sense of rotation as the kidney vortices. The origin of these lower-deck vortices is the hole sidewall boundary layer: as the jet emanates from the hole, the crossflow forces the sidewall boundary layer to roll up into nascent kidney vortices. Here, hole width sets the lateral separation of these steady sidewall vortices. The vortices comprising the upper deck ride intermittently over the top of the 'steady' lower pair. The sense of rotation of these upper-deck vortices depends on hole geometry and can be the same as, or opposite to, the lower pair. The origin of the upper deck is the hole leading-edge boundary layer. This vorticity, initially aligned transverse to the crossflow direction, is realigned by the entrainment of crossflow momentum and thus induces a streamwise component of vorticity. Depending on hole geometry, this induced streamwise vorticity can be opposite to the lower-deck vortex pair. The opposing pair, called the 'anti-kidney' pair, competes with the nascent kidney-vortices and affects the jet lift-off. The hole trailing-edge boundary layer can likewise be turned toward the streamwise direction. In this case, the turning is caused by the strong reverse flow just downstream of the jet. In the present range of parameters, all hole boundary layer vorticity, regardless of its origin along the hole circumference, is found to influence the kidney vortices downstream. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Haven, BA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 25 TC 152 Z9 161 U1 3 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD DEC 10 PY 1997 VL 352 BP 27 EP 64 DI 10.1017/S0022112097007271 PG 38 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA YM551 UT WOS:000071076100002 ER PT J AU Das, GP Dudis, DS AF Das, GP Dudis, DS TI Study of ground and excited states of doped polyacetylene SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Sanibel Symposium CY MAR 01-07, 1997 CL UNIV FLORIDA, PONCE DE LEON CONF CTR, ST AUGUSTINE, FL SP Univ Florida HO UNIV FLORIDA, PONCE DE LEON CONF CTR ID SOLITONS AB Both theoretical and experimental studies in the past have indicated that the charge transport in doped polyacetylene is due primarily to traveling charged solitary waves along the polymer chain backbone accompanied by hopping from one chain to another. The conductivity in this model is still determined by a band gap. The nature of the ground and excited states of the doped system, however, is not fully understood. Previous ab initio calculations, based on transoctatetraene simulating transpolyacetylene interacting with a single iodine atom and also a fairly low level of basis set, have pointed to the possibility that, while the calculations at the Hartree-Fock level puts the charge-transfer state below the ''covalent'' state, the results are reversed when correlation is included. Apart from the basis-set inadequacy and the small size of the polyene considered in this study, it is also true that, in solution, iodine exists only as polyiodide ions I-3(-), I-5(-), etc. In this work, we address some of the above deficiencies of the model. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons. RP Das, GP (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLBP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD DEC 5 PY 1997 VL 65 IS 5 BP 651 EP 654 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1997)65:5<651::AID-QUA31>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA YG650 UT WOS:A1997YG65000031 ER PT J AU Bunker, CE Sun, YP Gord, JR AF Bunker, CE Sun, YP Gord, JR TI Time-resolved studies of fluorescence quenching in supercritical carbon dioxide: System dependence in the enhancement of bimolecular reaction rates at near-critical densities SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-CONTROLLED REACTIONS; SOLVENT-SOLUTE CLUSTERS; MODULATION FLUORESCENCE; MULTIFREQUENCY PHASE; INFINITE DILUTION; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; STEADY-STATE; FLUIDS; SOLVATION; MIXTURES AB The quenching of anthracene, perylene, 9-cyanoanthracene (9CA), and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) excited singlet states by carbon tetrabromide (CBr4) in supercritical CO2 has been studied systematically by use of the time-resolved fluorescence method. For 9CA-CBr4 and DPA-CBr4, there is enhanced fluorescence quenching at near-critical CO2 densities. On the other hand, the CO2 density dependence of fluorescence quenching in the anthracene-CBr4 and perylene-CBr4 systems follows the prediction of the hydrodynamic Smoluchowski equation for diffusion-controlled reactions. The results show, for the first time, that the enhancement in bimolecular fluorescence quenching reactions due to effects of local quencher concentration augmentation in supercritical CO2 is in fact system dependent. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,HOWARD L HUNTER CHEM LAB,DEPT CHEM,CLEMSON,SC 29634. WRIGHT LAB,AERO PROP & POWER DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 4 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 49 BP 9233 EP 9239 DI 10.1021/jp9727512 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA YL174 UT WOS:A1997YL17400007 ER PT J AU Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA Morris, RA AF Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA Morris, RA TI Rate constants and branching ratios for the reactions of selected atmospheric primary cations with n-octane and isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ION AB Gas-phase ion molecule reactions of the primary atmospheric cations (NO+, O-2(+), O+, N+, and N-2(+)) With two isomers of octane, n-C8H18 and iso-C8H18 (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) have been studied using a variable temperature selected ion flow tube instrument. Reaction rate constants and product branching fractions were measured from 300 to 500 K. The reactions of O-2(+), O+, N+, and N-2(+) with n-C8H18 and iso-C8H18 proceed at the collision rate via dissociative and/or nondissociative charge transfer. The NO+ reactions occur primarily by hydride transfer; the reaction rate for the straight-chain isomer is only one-fourth the collision rate, while the reaction rate for the branched isomer is significantly enhanced. The reaction of n-octane with each atmospheric cation generates two to four major product ions and numerous minor species. The major ionic products are alkyl cations, CnH2n+1+, where the degree of fragmentation of the hydrocarbon chain is governed largely by the reactant ion recombination energy. The largest ionic products observed, n-C8H17+ and n-C8H18+ thermally decompose at temperatures above 300 K. The reaction of isooctane with each atmospheric cation generates fewer minor species than was observed in the n-octane reactions, and only one to three major product ions are observed. The main ionic product of the O-2(+), O+, N+, and N-2(+) reactions is the alkyl cation C4H9+, although several reactions also produce significant amounts of the related radical cation C4H8+. The main ionic product of the NO+ reaction, C8H17+, thermally decomposes into C4H9+ at temperatures above 300 K. Presumably, the specificity of the product ion formation in the iso-C8H18 reactions is a consequence of the neutral reactant structure. Except for thermal fragmentation of C8Hm+ product ions at temperatures above 300 K, there is little temperature dependence on the product ion branching fractions for the reported reactions. C1 USAF,SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE,AFRL,VSBP,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731. NR 16 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 4 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 49 BP 9351 EP 9358 DI 10.1021/jp972106v PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA YL174 UT WOS:A1997YL17400024 ER PT J AU Warrier, SG Majumdar, BS Miracle, DB AF Warrier, SG Majumdar, BS Miracle, DB TI Interface effects on crack deflection and bridging during fatigue crack growth of titanium matrix composites SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID FIBER SCS-6/TI-6AL-4V COMPOSITE; DISSIMILAR ELASTIC-MATERIALS; MECHANISMS; TOUGHNESS; BEHAVIOR; GEOMETRY; STRESSES; DAMAGE AB The effect of the interface on the crack deflection and crack bridging behavior of continuous fiber-reinforced titanium matrix composites has been investigated using three interfaces with significantly different mechanical characteristics. Each of these composites exhibited stress ranges in which fiber bridging was present and stress ranges in which stable fiber bridging was not present. The fatigue crack growth rate for all composites, even for the ones that did not exhibit fiber bridging, was significantly below that of the matrix. This phenomenon, believed to be an effect of elastic crack shielding, was most significant for composites with the strongest interfacial bond. Interface Failure ahead of the crack tip and its influence on the local stress intensity factor is believed to be responsible for the decrease in the shielding effect of low strength interfaces. Interface debonding was observed in all three composites, and damage to the interface ahead of the crack tip was seen in two of the three composites. A stress-based criterion for predicting debonding appeared to effectively explain the crack deflection behavior for the three composites. Evidence of crack deflection even for the strongest interface suggests that there is scope to increase the interface bond strength in SiC/Ti-alloy system for improved transverse properties without compromising the fatigue life. (C) 1997 Acta Metallurgica Inc. RP Warrier, SG (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 43 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 45 IS 12 BP 4969 EP 4980 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00179-1 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YJ670 UT WOS:A1997YJ67000011 ER PT J AU Kaufhold, MS AF Kaufhold, MS TI Leaders and followers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING LA English DT Letter RP Kaufhold, MS (reprint author), USAF,AMER EMBASSY,SINGAPORE,SINGAPORE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0002-936X J9 AM J NURS JI Am. J. Nurs. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 97 IS 12 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA YK520 UT WOS:A1997YK52000010 ER PT J AU Kokoska, ER Kokoska, MS Collins, BT Stapleton, DR Wade, TP AF Kokoska, ER Kokoska, MS Collins, BT Stapleton, DR Wade, TP TI Early aggressive treatment for Merkel cell carcinoma improves outcome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern-Surgical-Congress CY APR 13-16, 1997 CL RANCHO MIRAGE, CA SP SW Surg Congress ID TRABECULAR CARCINOMA; RADIATION-THERAPY; LOCOREGIONAL CONTROL; SKIN; CHEMOTHERAPY; MANAGEMENT AB BACKGROUND: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine tumor of dermal origin, Treatment recommendations are limited owing to a paucity of retrospective data and an absence of prospective data. The objective of this study was to determine current therapeutic trends and their impact upon outcome, METHODS: A retrospective study (1983 to 1996) was performed with patients from the Department of Defense and our University-affiliate hospitals, RESULTS: Thirty-five patients were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 31 months, Overall, 1- and 2-year survival rates were 80% and 50%, respectively, Patients undergoing wide local excision, prophylactic lymph node dissection, and adjuvant radiotherapy had significantly decreased locoregional and distant recurrence rates and improved survival when compared with their counterparts, Adjuvant chemotherapy did not diminish recurrence rates nor improve survival. Both locoregional and distant recurrence significantly decreased survival, CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that early aggressive treatment for MCC improves both tumor control and survival, whereas the early use of chemotherapy does not improve outcome, (C) 1997 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 ST LOUIS UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT SURG,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. ST LOUIS UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. ST LOUIS UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. USAF,MED CTR,CANC COMM & TUMOR REGISTRY,SCOTT AFB,IL. NR 25 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAHNERS PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 249 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 174 IS 6 BP 688 EP 693 DI 10.1016/S0002-9610(97)00193-1 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA YK920 UT WOS:A1997YK92000024 PM 9409598 ER PT J AU He, ZG Spain, JC AF He, ZG Spain, JC TI Studies of the catabolic pathway of degradation of nitrobenzene by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligens JS45: Removal of the amino group from 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID META-CLEAVAGE; BIODEGRADATION; METABOLISM; CATECHOL; PUTIDA AB Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 utilizes nitrobenzene as the sole source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. Previous studies have shown that degradation of nitrobenzene involves the reduction of nitrobenzene to nitrosobenzene and hydroxylaminobenzene, followed by rearrangement to 2-aminophenol, which then undergoes meta ring cleavage to 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde. In the present paper, we report the enzymatic reactions responsible for the release of ammonia after ring cleavage. 2-Aminomuconic semialdehyde was oxidized to 2-aminomuconate in the presence of NAD by enzymes in crude extracts. 2-Aminomuconate was subsequently deaminated stoichiometrically to 4-oxalocrotonic acid. No cofactors are required for the deamination. Two enzymes, 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase and a novel 2-aminomuconate deaminase, distinguished by partial purification of the crude extracts, catalyzed the two reactions. 4-Oxalocrotonic acid was further degraded to pyruvate and acetaldehyde. The key enzyme, 2-aminomuconate deaminase, catalyzed the hydrolytic deamination that released ammonia, which served as the nitrogen source for growth of the organism. C1 USAF,RES LAB,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 63 IS 12 BP 4839 EP 4843 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA YK709 UT WOS:A1997YK70900032 PM 9471964 ER PT J AU Saxler, A Walker, D Kung, P Zhang, X Razeghi, M Solomon, J Mitchel, WC Vydyanath, HR AF Saxler, A Walker, D Kung, P Zhang, X Razeghi, M Solomon, J Mitchel, WC Vydyanath, HR TI Comparison of trimethylgallium and triethylgallium for the growth of GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BUFFER LAYER; PHASE EPITAXY; THIN-FILMS; SAPPHIRE; ALN AB GaN films grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using trimethylgallium and triethylgallium as gallium precursors are compared, The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Hall effect, photoluminescence, secondary ion mass spectroscopy and etch pit density measurements, GaN layers grown using triethylgallium exhibited superior electrical and optical properties and a lower carbon impurity concentration. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF,RES LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. AVYD DEVICES,COSTA MESA,CA 92626. RP Saxler, A (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,CTR QUANTUM DEVICES,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 19 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 22 BP 3272 EP 3274 DI 10.1063/1.120310 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YJ230 UT WOS:A1997YJ23000028 ER PT J AU Parsa, BB Kapadia, AS AF Parsa, BB Kapadia, AS TI Stress in air force aviators facing the combat environment SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANXIETY AB Background: This paper evaluates the effect of stress on four squadrons of United States Air Force aviators in tactical high performance aircraft deployed for combat operations compared with U.S. based aircrew using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) as the evaluating instrument. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study consisting of 42 aviators in deployed squadrons stationed overseas and involved in a contingency mission, and 15 subjects stationed in the U.S. and not exposed to combat conditions. Each subject was administered the test instrument, which was completed in privacy and with complete anonymity. Results: The hypotheses of interest were: a) the proportion of individuals in the population of fighter aircrew who would report excessive stress is 0; and b) no significant differences would exist in the proportion of individuals with excessive stress in the various squadrons. Using statistical methodology, these hypotheses were rejected. Conclusion: It is concluded that more studies in each given circumstance are necessary. RP Parsa, BB (reprint author), USAF,SCH AEROSP MED,2602 W GATE RD,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 68 IS 12 BP 1088 EP 1092 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA YK927 UT WOS:A1997YK92700003 PM 9408557 ER PT J AU Trevino, R AF Trevino, R TI A unique flight experience: Earthquake relief support SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article RP Trevino, R (reprint author), USAF,NC,86 AES,PSC 1 BOX 139,APO,AE 09009, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 68 IS 12 BP 1157 EP 1158 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA YK927 UT WOS:A1997YK92700015 PM 9408571 ER PT J AU Sherif, SA Pasumarthi, N Bartlett, CS AF Sherif, SA Pasumarthi, N Bartlett, CS TI A semi-empirical model for heat transfer and ice accretion on aircraft wings in supercooled clouds SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ice accretion; aircraft icing; heat transfer and ice accretion AB This paper describes a semi-empirical model capable of predicting the local heat transfer and ice accretion rates over aircraft wings (airfoils) under a host of environmental conditions. The model is particularly useful when the equilibrium surface temperature of the airfoil is in the vicinity of the freezing temperature in that it considers different scenarios involving the simultaneous occurrence of freezing, sublimation, and evaporation for high-speed subsonic flows over airfoil surfaces. Profiles of evaporation and sublimation fractions as well as ice accretion and liquid runoff rates are presented and general conclusions are reached. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oracle Corp, Belmont, CA 94002 USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, AEDC Grp, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Sherif, SA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech Engn, 228 MEB,POB 116300, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sasherif@cimar.me.ufl.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 165 EP 179 DI 10.1016/S0165-232X(97)00021-9 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA ZF596 UT WOS:000072912900001 ER PT J AU Carmona, EA Chandler, LJ AF Carmona, EA Chandler, LJ TI On parallel PIC versatility and the structure of parallel PIC approaches SO CONCURRENCY-PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article AB We discuss insights gained from an effort to develop a versatile parallel PIC code (PICARD - PIC with arbitrary rebalancing and decompositions). Because of the highly dynamic nature of PIC, it is sometimes necessary to tailor decomposition strategies on a problem-by-problem basis instead of solely on the basis of the algorithm, The dynamics of a problem may dictate the particular strategy to be used, Thus, finding a general operational method for parallel PIC applications is important, We find approaches to partitioning the mesh and particle domains which provide some trade-off opportunities, but the relationship enforced between the partition layouts in addition to the way one chooses to manage the problem's dynamics defines categories of strategies which are independent of the partitioning technique used, The overall strategy enforced is as important as the individual techniques applied to partition the domains. Three strategy groups arise from the analysis and form the basis of widely disparate parallel PIC operational methods, These distinct solutions are obtained from rather simple parametric choices, We introduce the concept of rubber boundaries as a means to bring a compromise between what are commonly referred to as Lagrangian and Eulerian particle mappings, We show several parallel PIC strategies that are as yet unexplored. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Parallel Software Investment, Orlando, FL 32818 USA. USAF, Phillips Lab, WSP, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1040-3108 J9 CONCURRENCY-PRACT EX JI Concurrency-Pract. Exp. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1377 EP 1405 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9128(199712)9:12<1377::AID-CPE284>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 29 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA YT664 UT WOS:000071629700002 ER PT J AU Mitchell, VD AF Mitchell, VD TI Emerson's 'Self-Reliance' SO EXPLICATOR LA English DT Article RP Mitchell, VD (reprint author), USAF ACAD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0014-4940 J9 EXPLICATOR JI Explicator PD WIN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP 79 EP 80 PG 2 WC Literature SC Literature GA WL652 UT WOS:A1997WL65200006 ER PT J AU Ordonez, CA Peterkin, RE AF Ordonez, CA Peterkin, RE TI Compression of a toroidal plasma to thermonuclear ignition SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPACT TORUS; ACCELERATION; TOKAMAK; SPHEROMAKS; ENERGY AB In the worldwide controlled thermonuclear fusion research effort, ignition of a magnetically confined plasma is yet to be achieved. Consequently, it is not known whether a plasma's approach to ignition is associated with a change (degradation or enhancement) of the confinement of plasma energy. Knowledge of this, however can have a significant impact on the design criteria (and thus cost) of the planned International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Fast adiabatic compression for producing short-timescale ignited toroidal plasmas is proposed as a means to gain this knowledge using existing resources. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. USAF, Phillips Lab, High Energy Sources Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ordonez, CA (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 655 EP 659 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA YL789 UT WOS:000070993000010 ER PT J AU Post, DL Reinhart, WF AF Post, DL Reinhart, WF TI Image quality of two-primary color active-matrix liquid-crystal displays SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article AB The demand for color head-and helmet-mounted displays (HMDs) is growing. Interest focuses on full-color systems, but a limited color repertoire is sufficient for some applications and can reduce cost and complexity significantly, especially when subtractive-color active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AMLCD) technology is used. We report a series of experiments that investigated important questions about the design and merits of two-primary color AMLCDs for HMD applications. Our main conclusion is that the image quality of a subtractive-color AMLCD with high (greater than or equal to 70%) aperture ratio is superior to a comparable, conventional color AMLCD. Evidence regarding requirements for resolution, aperture ratio, and gray scale is also provided. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Honeywell Technol Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Post, DL (reprint author), HECV, AFRL, 2255 H St,Rm 300, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dpost@falcon.al.wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD DEC PY 1997 VL 39 IS 4 BP 618 EP 641 DI 10.1518/001872097778667951 PG 24 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA YV629 UT WOS:000071846800009 ER PT J AU Akansu, AN Tazebay, MV Medley, MJ Das, PK AF Akansu, AN Tazebay, MV Medley, MJ Das, PK TI Wavelet and subband transforms: Fundamentals and communication applications SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS; NARROW-BAND INTERFERENCE; SYSTEMS AB Subband and wavelet transforms have been a subject of great interest, especially in the fields of signal processing and applied mathematics. This article presents a tutorial on this subject, emphasizing the fundamentals and the reason for its success, importance, and potential. Subband and wavelet transform applications ih communications are also reviewed. These application areas include interference excision, spread spectrum codes based on subband transform bases, CDMA, and discrete multitone transceivers. C1 NEW JERSEY CTR MULTIMEDIA RES,NEWARK,NJ. DAVID SARNOFF RES CTR,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. USAF,ROME LAB,BEDFORD,MA 01731. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT ELECT COMP & SYST ENGN,TROY,NY 12181. RP Akansu, AN (reprint author), NEW JERSEY INST TECHNOL,NEWARK,NJ 07102, USA. NR 52 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 35 IS 12 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1109/35.642839 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA YL327 UT WOS:A1997YL32700011 ER PT J AU Schone, H Carson, RF Paxton, AH Taylor, EW AF Schone, H Carson, RF Paxton, AH Taylor, EW TI AlGaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser responses to 4.5-MeV proton irradiation SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE distributed Bragg reflector laser; proton radiation effects; space vehicle electronics ID GAAS AB We have irradiated single-and multimode AlGaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays operating at a nominal wavelength of 780 nn with 4.5-MeV protons and doses ranging from 10 to 30 Mrad in the active region, We observed a peak power reduction of about 2% per Mrad in the 14-mu m aperture, multimode VCSEL's, Single-mode VCSEL's having an aperture of 6 mu m exhibited a smaller peak power reduction of 0.4%-1% per Mrad. A slight shift in the current threshold was observed only for the multimode VCSEL's at dose levels above 10 Mrad, First results indicate a reduced VCSEL peak laser power output that is dominated by a temperature shift caused by the radiation induced increase in resistive heating, In contrast, the power reduction in edge-emitting lasers is dominated by the enhanced radiation induced nonradiative recombination rate. The VCSEL irradiation was performed with a focused ion micro beam that was rastered over the device surface, ensuring a very uniform exposure of a single device in the array. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT 1342,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Schone, H (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,VTMC,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1552 EP 1554 DI 10.1109/68.643257 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA YH170 UT WOS:A1997YH17000002 ER PT J AU Lin, CH Yang, RQ Murry, SJ Pei, SS Yan, C McDaniel, DL Falcon, M AF Lin, CH Yang, RQ Murry, SJ Pei, SS Yan, C McDaniel, DL Falcon, M TI Room-temperature low-threshold type-II quantum-well lasers at 4.5 mu m SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aluminum materials/devices; continuous-wave (CW) lasers; epitaxial growth; gallium materials/devices; quantum-well lasers; semiconductor lasers ID DIODE-LASERS; OPERATION AB We report optically pumped InAs-InGaSb-InAs-AlSb type-II quantum-well lasers at 3.83-4.48 mu m. Lasing was observed at temperatures up to 300 K with a characteristic temperature T-0 of 61.6 K. The average absorbed threshold power was only 0.7 mW at 220 K, and 2.7 mW at 300 K with a pulselength of 650 ns and a repetition rate of 2 kHz. At 49 K, the continuous-wave (CW) output power was 4.2 mW/facet with an absorbed threshold pump power of 31.5 mW and an absorbed pump power of 62 mW, indicating a differential quantum efficiency of 54% for two facets. C1 BOEING DEF & SPACE GRP,ROCKETDYNE TECH SERV,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87185. USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SEMICOND LASER BRANCH,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Lin, CH (reprint author), UNIV HOUSTON,CTR SPACE VACUUM EPITAXY,HOUSTON,TX 77204, USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 9 IS 12 BP 1573 EP 1575 DI 10.1109/68.643265 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA YH170 UT WOS:A1997YH17000009 ER PT J AU Hardie, RC Barnard, KJ Armstrong, EE AF Hardie, RC Barnard, KJ Armstrong, EE TI Joint MAP registration and high-resolution image estimation using a sequence of undersampled images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE aliased, high resolution; image registration; image sequence; MAP estimation AB In many imaging systems, the detector array is not sufficiently dense to adequately sample the scene with the desired field of view, This is particularly true for many infrared focal plane arrays, Thus, the resulting images may be severely aliased, This paper examines a technique for estimating a high-resolution image, with reduced aliasing, from a sequence of undersampled frames, Several approaches to this problem have been investigated previously, However, in this paper a maximum a posteriori (MAP) framework for jointly estimating image registration parameters and the high-resolution image is presented, Several previous approaches have relied on knowing the registration parameters a priori or have utilized registration techniques not specifically designed to treat severely aliased images, In the proposed method, the registration parameters are iteratively updated along with the high-resolution image in a cyclic coordinate-descent optimization procedure, Experimental results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed MAP algorithm using both visible and infrared images, Quantitative error analysis is provided and several images are shown for subjective evaluation. C1 USAF, WRIGHT LAB, SENSORS TECHNOL BRANCH, AAJT, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP UNIV DAYTON, DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN, DAYTON, OH 45469 USA. NR 28 TC 469 Z9 521 U1 1 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 EI 1941-0042 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1621 EP 1633 DI 10.1109/83.650116 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA YG826 UT WOS:A1997YG82600003 PM 18285233 ER PT J AU Polakowski, WE Cournoyer, DA Rogers, SK DeSimio, MP Ruck, DW Hoffmeister, JW Raines, RA AF Polakowski, WE Cournoyer, DA Rogers, SK DeSimio, MP Ruck, DW Hoffmeister, JW Raines, RA TI Computer-aided breast cancer detection and diagnosis of masses using difference of Gaussians and derivative-based feature saliency SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; medical imaging; model-based vision; neural networks ID MAMMOGRAMS; CLASSIFICATION AB A new model-based vision (MBV) algorithm is developed to find regions of interest (ROI's) corresponding to masses in digitized mammograms and to classify the masses as malignant/benign, The MBV algorithm is comprised of five modules to structurally identify suspicious ROI's, eliminate false positives, and classify the remaining as malignant or benign. The focus of attention module uses a difference of Gaussians (DoG) filter to highlight suspicious regions in the mammogram, The index module uses tests to reduce the number of nonmalignant regions from 8.39 to 2.36 per full breast image. Size, shape, contrast, and Laws texture features are used to develop the prediction module's mass models, Derivative-based feature saliency techniques are used to determine the best features for classification, Nine features are chosen to define the malignant/benign models, The feature extraction module obtains these features from all suspicious ROI's, The matching module classifies the regions using a multilayer perceptron neural network architecture to obtain an overall classification accuracy of 100% for the segmented malignant masses with a false-positive rate of 1.8 per full breast image. This system has a sensitivity of 92% for locating malignant ROI's, The database contains 272 images (12 b, 100 mu m) with 36 malignant and 53 benign mass images. The results demonstrate that the MBV approach provides a structured order of integrating complex stages into a system for radiologists. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Informat Warfare Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78243 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Cognit Syst Grp, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Qualia Comp Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Mat Command, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP DeSimio, MP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 31 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0278-0062 J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD DEC PY 1997 VL 16 IS 6 BP 811 EP 819 DI 10.1109/42.650877 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ZB313 UT WOS:000072458500011 PM 9533581 ER PT J AU Pok, DSK Chen, CIH Schamus, JJ Montgomery, CT Tsui, JBY AF Pok, DSK Chen, CIH Schamus, JJ Montgomery, CT Tsui, JBY TI Chip design for monobit receiver SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE MTT-Society International Microwave Symposium (IMS) at 1997 Microwave Week CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP IEEE MTT Soc DE analog-to-digital converter (ADC); fast Fourier transform (FFT); instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) receivers AB A design for the monobit-receiver application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) will be described, The monobit receiver is a wide-band (1-GHz) digital receiver designed for electronic-warfare applications, The receiver can process two simultaneous signals and has the potential for fabrication on a single multichip module (MCM). The receiver consists of three major elements: a nonlinear RF front end, a signal sampler and formatting system (analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and demultiplexers), and a patented "monobit" algorithm implemented as an ASIC for signal detection and frequency measurement, The receiver's front end, ADC, and algorithm experimental performance results were previously presented [1], The receiver uses a 2-b ADC operating at 2.5 GHz whose outputs are collected and formatted by demultiplexers for presentation to the ASIC, The ASIC has two basic functions: to perform a fast Fourier transform (FFT) and to determine the number of signals and report their frequencies, The ASIC design contains five stages: the input, the FFT, the initial sort, the squaring and addition, and the final sort. The chip will process the ADC outputs in real time, reporting detected signal frequencies every 102.4 ns. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Syst Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright Lab, WL, AAMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pok, DSK (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 3 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 45 IS 12 BP 2283 EP 2295 DI 10.1109/22.643832 PN 2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YM440 UT WOS:000071063700018 ER PT J AU Warren, WL Fleetwood, DM Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Draper, BL Winokur, PS Knoll, MG Vanheusden, K Devine, RAB Archer, LB Wallace, RM AF Warren, WL Fleetwood, DM Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Draper, BL Winokur, PS Knoll, MG Vanheusden, K Devine, RAB Archer, LB Wallace, RM TI Protonic nonvolatile field effect transistor memories in Si/SiO2/Si structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID SIO2 THIN-FILMS; INTERFACE STATES; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; RADIATION RESPONSE; MOS STRUCTURES; BURIED SIO2; SILICON; IRRADIATION; RELIABILITY; DEPENDENCE AB A low-voltage, radiation-tolerant, nonvolatile field effect transistor (NVFET) memory involving proton motion in SiO2 is illustrated in both bulk Si and silicon-on-insulator devices. Wt: discuss a mechanism by which the protons are created in the oxide layer by a. forming gas anneal. At low temperature (T < 250 degrees C), the H+ is largely "imprisoned" in the buried SiO2 layer; i.e., the ions are sandwiched between the two encapsulating Si layers. The Si layers can be: either c-Si or poly-Si, thus the: technology is compatible with standard Si processing. The protons can be reliably and controllably drifted from one interface to another without any noticeable degradation in the signal past 10(6) cycles. Under an unbiased condition, the net proton density is not significantly affected by radiation up to at least 100 krad (SiO2). Last, we compare many of the properties of the NVFET to commercial flash nonvolatile memories. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USAF, Phillips Lab, Space Mission Technol Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. France Telecom, Ctr Natl Etud Telecommun, F-38243 Meylan, France. Texas Instruments Inc, Dallas, TX 75265 USA. RP Warren, WL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Wallace, Robert/A-5283-2008 OI Wallace, Robert/0000-0001-5566-4806 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1789 EP 1798 DI 10.1109/23.658944 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800005 ER PT J AU Chavez, JR Karna, SP Vanheusden, K Brothers, CP Pugh, RD Singaraju, BK Warren, WL Devine, RAB AF Chavez, JR Karna, SP Vanheusden, K Brothers, CP Pugh, RD Singaraju, BK Warren, WL Devine, RAB TI Microscopic structure of the E '(delta) center in amorphous SiO2: A first principles quantum mechanical investigation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; TRIPLET-STATE; PARAMAGNETIC CENTERS; SI/SIO2 INTERFACE; DEFECT CENTERS; BURIED SIO2; GENERATION; TRAPS; OXIDES AB We report the first ab initio quantum mechanical investigation of the structure of the E'(delta) center in amorphous SiO2 (a-SiO2). Our calculations suggest that the unpaired electron is shared by only two Si atoms, irrespective of the Si cluster size. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, Space Mission Technol Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. France Telecom, Ctr Natl Etud Telecommun, F-38243 Meylan, France. RP Chavez, JR (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, Space Mission Technol Div, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 28 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1799 EP 1803 DI 10.1109/23.658945 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800006 ER PT J AU Paxton, AH Carson, RF Schone, H Taylor, EW Choquette, KD Hou, HQ Lear, KL Warren, ME AF Paxton, AH Carson, RF Schone, H Taylor, EW Choquette, KD Hou, HQ Lear, KL Warren, ME TI Damage from proton irradiation of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID PERFORMANCE AB Damage resulting from irradiating oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers became significant (threshold shift approximate to 20%, peak power degradation approximate to 20%) at fluence levels approaching 1 x 10(13) protons/cm(2). The threshold current shifted to higher values, and the peak light output power decreased. Forward-current annealing led to partial recovery of the performance of two of the three lasers for which annealing was attempted. Recent results[1-3] on proton-implanted devices are summarized in a table. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, VTMC, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Paxton, AH (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, VTMC, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1893 EP 1897 DI 10.1109/23.658958 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800019 ER PT J AU Spratt, JP Passenheim, BC Leadon, RE Clark, S Strobel, DJ AF Spratt, JP Passenheim, BC Leadon, RE Clark, S Strobel, DJ TI Effectiveness of IC shielded packages against space radiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard AB This paper discusses research undertaken to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of shielded packages for protecting commercial microelectronics against ionizing dose from electrons and protons in space. The IC shielded package design data base was extended to include all important shield parameters (thickness, atomic number (Z), and edge effects). The shielding effectiveness of these packages was calculated using both forward and adjoint Monte Carlo codes, and the results verified using new methods to simulate omnidirectional electron and proton radiation exposure. Furthermore, a method was developed permitting manufacturers to describe shielded packages in such a way that their effectiveness in any orbit can be quickly and accurately calculated by the user. Finally, it was demonstrated experimentally that shielding with high atomic number shield materials does not increase SEU from proton radiation. C1 Full Circle Res Inc, San Marcos, CA 92069 USA. USAF, Phillips Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Space Elect Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Spratt, JP (reprint author), Full Circle Res Inc, POB 4010, San Marcos, CA 92069 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2018 EP 2025 DI 10.1109/23.658984 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800035 ER PT J AU Garth, JC Turinetti, JR AF Garth, JC Turinetti, JR TI Gamma-ray transport through material layers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard AB The transmitted photon energy fluence was calculated as a function of layer thickness for 1.25 MeV photons in Al, Ag, and Pb using the CEPXS/ONELD coupled electron-photon code. The energy fluence vs layer thickness was also calculated as a function of beam radius using the CYLTRAN Monte Carlo code. We compare these results with predictions using the photon "energy absorption coefficient attenuation law" equation recommended in ASTM Standard E666-91 and suggest replacing this equation with a more realistic expression. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Garth, JC (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2058 EP 2064 DI 10.1109/23.659016 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800041 ER PT J AU Turinetti, JR Critchfield, KL Chavez, JR Kemp, WT Bellem, RD Beutler, DE AF Turinetti, JR Critchfield, KL Chavez, JR Kemp, WT Bellem, RD Beutler, DE TI Determination of low energy (< 160 keV) X-ray spectra and verification of transport calculations through silicon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID DETECTORS AB X-ray spectroscopy discrepancies at measured energies below 50 keV are shown through ITS detector response calculations to be caused by germanium K edge escape peak losses. Accounting for this detector response, CEPXS/ONELD transport calculations through silicon agree well with measurements. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Turinetti, JR (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2065 EP 2070 DI 10.1109/23.659017 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800042 ER PT J AU Vanheusden, K Devine, RAB Schwank, JR Fleetwood, DM Polcawich, RG Warren, WL Karna, SP Pugh, RD AF Vanheusden, K Devine, RAB Schwank, JR Fleetwood, DM Polcawich, RG Warren, WL Karna, SP Pugh, RD TI Irradiation response of mobile protons in buried SiO2 films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard ID INTERFACE-TRAP BUILDUP; MOS DEVICES; DISSOCIATION KINETICS; SI/SIO2/SI STRUCTURES; SI-SIO2 INTERFACE; GENERATION; HYDROGEN; DEFECTS; OXIDES; PASSIVATION AB We have performed current-voltage, capacitance-voltage and electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) characterization of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) samples, subjected to a wide variety of irradiation and anneal treatments. By comparing transport properties and interfacial reaction mechanisms, we provide evidence for an intrinsic difference in the response of mobile protons in these oxides, depending on whether they are generated by irradiation or by H-2 annealing. A radiation effects study of SOI buried oxides containing annealing induced mobile protons is presented to gain insight into the mechanisms behind these fundamental differences. Electrical characterization shows that, for these devices, the initial interface trap and mobile proton densities are largely unaffected by the irradiation. However, if the irradiation is carried out in the presence of positive bias applied to the top Si, the protons become trapped in shallow levels. These proton traps are activated by the irradiation and are located near the oxide/substrate interface. These results may lead to improved radiation hardness of buried oxides for nonvolatile memory and other applications. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, Space Mission Technol Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. France Telecom, Ctr Natl Etud Telecommun, F-38243 Meylan, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vanheusden, K (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, Space Mission Technol Div, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2087 EP 2094 DI 10.1109/23.659021 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800045 ER PT J AU Brothers, C Pugh, R Duggan, P Chavez, J Schepis, D Yee, D Wu, S AF Brothers, C Pugh, R Duggan, P Chavez, J Schepis, D Yee, D Wu, S TI Total-dose and SEU characterization of 0.25 micron CMOS/SOI integrated circuit memory technologies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 97) CY JUL 21-25, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, COLORADO SP IEEE NPSS, Def Special Weapons Agcy, Sandia Nat Labs, Philips Lab, JPL, NASA, Goddard AB Total-dose and single-event-effect radiation characterization of 0.25 micron test macro SRAMs fabricated at IBM's East Fishkill research foundry in un-hardened bulk and unhardened partially-depleted SOI silicon, are reported. The design and fabrication process, were optimized for highperformance and short access time using supply voltages of 2.5v for the 64K-bit and 1.8v for the 144K and 288K-bit test macro SRAMs. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, Space Mission Technol Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. IBM, Semicond Res & Dev Ctr, E Fishkill, NY 12533 USA. RP Brothers, C (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, Space Mission Technol Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 2134 EP 2139 DI 10.1109/23.659028 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YM431 UT WOS:000071062800051 ER PT J AU Chan, Y Yim, E Marsh, A AF Chan, Y Yim, E Marsh, A TI Exact & approximate improvement to the throughput of a stochastic network SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE stochastic network; average maximum flow; cut set; flow path; network design ID MAXIMUM FLOWS; PERFORMANCE; RELIABILITY; BOUNDS AB This paper presents a model for throughput-improvement in stochastic networks. It synthesizes & extends the state-of-knowledge on determining the mean value, the lower bound (LB), and upper bound (UB) for the maximum-flow network-design problem. Through the use of an artificial-intelligence programming-language such as PROLOG, the LB was solved very efficiently the first time. The key lies in using 'depth-first search' to generate the flow paths, which are then directly fed into a linear programming (LP) or mixed-integer mathematical programming (MIP) package for solution. The largest network solved consists of 70 nodes and 116 arcs, surpassing other computational experience reported in the literature. In all test cases, the solutions were validated from the prescriptive model against a descriptive model. This is particularly insightful for the 3 case-studies of defense communication networks, where estimates from simulation were used as a reference for comparison against the mathematical-programming results. The simulation-derived response-surface models validate not only the LB & UB, but the network-improvement strategies. In a complementary fashion, simulation serves as the approximate solution to an exact problem, while the LP or MIP seek the exact solution to an approximate problem (at a tiny fraction of computation time). Theoretical findings are verified on 7 experiments, which represent the largest data-set analyzed (to the best of our knowledge). This includes measures of approximation-error and of network vulnerability & reliability-key components of mean throughput. Sensitivity analysis, which is inherent in the LP or MIP formulations, also yields consistent results with controlled experiments using simulation models. In all networks, the LB solution in this paper is a better approximation to the exact solution than the UB, which is consistent with theoretical findings. This finding is important in that the 7 acyclic networks represent a diversity of geometry and of survival probabilities. Another advantage of using the LB model and the path-enumeration solution-strategy has to do with an approximation of network reliability & vulnerability in that these approximate measures of performance are readily available from the solutions. Built upon the idea of most-probable states, reliability UB and vulnerability are related to the paths actually used. The paths used are but a small fraction of the paths generated, and the number of generated paths is again tiny compared to the 2(n) probability states (n = number of arcs & nodes). A minute fraction of the total number of failure states accounts for most of the state space-a fact that is further reinforced by the prevalence of a zero-throughput state in the flow distributions. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, HQ, Anal Div XPY, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Maine Maritime Acad, Castine, ME 04420 USA. RP Chan, Y (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci ENS, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9529 J9 IEEE T RELIAB JI IEEE Trans. Reliab. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 46 IS 4 BP 473 EP 486 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA ZP480 UT WOS:000073757700007 ER PT J AU Buffington, JM Enns, DF AF Buffington, JM Enns, DF TI Flight control for mixed-amplitude commands SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB A longitudinal flight control law is derived that provides desirable precision aircraft-tracking response for small-amplitude commands and desirable gross acquisition response for large-amplitude commands. Dynamic inversion and proportional-plus-integral command compensation provide precision attitude-tracking control, and time-optimal control provides gross acquisition augmentation. Continuous transition between the control modes, without control power saturation, is accomplished using Lyapunov function level sets of the nominal small-amplitude closed-loop system. The control law directly relates design parameters to the closed-loop characteristic equation and flying qualities transfer function parameters. The control strategy is applied to an F-16 aircraft model augmented with thrust vectoring. The feedback control law exhibits satisfactory stability and performance robustness shown through linear analysis and nonlinear simulation. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Honeywell Technol Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55418 USA. RP Buffington, JM (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, FIGC Bldg 146,2210 8th St,Ste 21, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PD DEC PY 1997 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1209 EP 1229 DI 10.1080/002071797222993 PG 21 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA YP049 UT WOS:000071236100001 ER PT J AU Gu, GX Sparks, A Banda, S AF Gu, GX Sparks, A Banda, S TI Bifurcation based nonlinear feedback control for rotating stall in axial flow compressors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article AB Classical bifurcation analysis for nonlinear dynamics is used to derive a nonlinear feedback control law that eliminates the hysteresis loop associated with rotating stall, and extends the stable operating range in axial flow compressors. The proposed control system employs pressure rise as output measurement and throttle position as the actuating signal for which both sensor and actuator exist in the current configuration of axial flow compressors. Thus, our results provide a practical solution to rotating stall control for axial flow compressors. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USAF, Wright Lab, Flight Dynam Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gu, GX (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PD DEC PY 1997 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1241 EP 1257 DI 10.1080/002071797223019 PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA YP049 UT WOS:000071236100003 ER PT J AU Dubois, DF Prestidge, BR Hotchkiss, LA Bice, WS Prete, JJ AF Dubois, DF Prestidge, BR Hotchkiss, LA Bice, WS Prete, JJ TI Source localization following permanent transperineal prostate interstitial brachytherapy using magnetic resonance imaging SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE MRI; CT; brachytherapy; I-125; Pd-103; implant evaluation; permanent implant; seed localization; dosimetry; dose-volume histogram; prostate ID GUIDED BRACHYTHERAPY; DOSE SPECIFICATION; ULTRASOUND; IMPLANTS; CANCER; MORBIDITY; PLACEMENT; CARCINOMA; THERAPY; BOOST AB Purpose: Dosimetric evaluation of completed brachytherapy implant procedures is crucial in developing proper technique and has prognostic implications. Accurate definition of the prostate gland and localization of the implanted radioactive sources are critical to attain meaningful dosimetric data. Methods using radiographs and CT accurately localize sources, but poorly delineate the prostate gland, MRI has been recognized as a superior imaging modality in delineating the prostate gland, but poor in localizing sources due to lack of source visibility, The purpose of this study was to optimize the visualization of sources using MRI and compare to CT derived source localization, Methods and Materials: Multiple MRI scanning techniques were attempted until an acceptable sequence to visualize both the prostate gland and the implanted sources was found, The exams were performed using a pelvic coil only in approximately 15 min, The CT and MRI scans of 20 consecutive patients who had received TRUS-guided permanent transperineal interstitial prostate (125)Iodine or (103)Palladium brachytherapy were evaluated using an in-house dosimetry system, To eliminate anatomical dependence, the MRI-derived DVHs for the entire calculation volume were then compared to those derived from the CT scans, Results: The differences in isodose volumes, of the calculation volumes, for all implants at all dose levels were not statically significant at the 95% confidence level, Calculation volume isodose volumes derived from MR images were statistically similar to those derived from CT images at the prescription dose for both (125)Iodine (p < 0.01) and (103)Palladium (p < 0.026). Conclusion: This study presents the first evidence that MRI may be reliably used to identify permanently implanted (125)Iodine and (103)Palladium sources. Given the advantage of target definition characteristics of MRI, substantially more accurate dosimetric analysis of prostate implants is now possible, The cost of the optimized and abbreviated MR scanning sequence used in this study is comparable to a pelvic CT scan, Postimplant MRI allows more accurate volumetric and anatomically relevant evaluation of permanent prostate implants, which may provide useful clinical correlation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,RADIAT ONCOL SERV,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT RADIOL SCI,SAN ANTONIO,TX. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 30 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1037 EP 1041 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(97)00501-4 PG 5 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YG838 UT WOS:A1997YG83800013 PM 9392542 ER PT J AU Yeh, HH Hsu, CS Banda, SS Rawson, JL AF Yeh, HH Hsu, CS Banda, SS Rawson, JL TI Reduced-order robust compensator design with real parameter uncertainty SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Riccati equation; Sylvester equation; Luenberger observer; disturbance rejection ID RICCATI EQUATION APPROACH; INFINITY AB A method based on observer theory is presented for the construction of design equations for low-order controllers to provide H-infinity norm constraint for systems with real-parameter uncertainties, The multi-goal robust stability and performance problem is solved in terms of Riccati inequalities. A new design methodology is presented along with a numerical algorithm. An example is also included to demonstrate the proposed design method. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USAF, Wright Lab, Flight Dynam Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Hsu, CS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD DEC PY 1997 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1029 EP 1045 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1239(199712)7:12<1029::AID-RNC248>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA YV111 UT WOS:000071790500001 ER PT J AU Miller, RG AF Miller, RG TI Officers in flight-suits: The story of American Air force fighter pilots in the Korean War SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Air Force Hist & Museums Program, Bolling AFB, DC USA. RP Miller, RG (reprint author), Air Force Hist & Museums Program, Bolling AFB, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 84 IS 3 BP 1132 EP 1132 DI 10.2307/2953217 PG 1 WC History SC History GA YN842 UT WOS:000071213500139 ER PT J AU Schrader, ML AF Schrader, ML TI Calculations of aircraft contrail formation critical temperatures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Forecasts of condensation trail (contrail) formation are an extremely important consideration in military aircraft operations, particularly in the operation of stealth aircraft. Some recently published works have claimed improvements in the time-tested forecast technique of H. Appleman, but the results are called into question by errors in the basic physics. This note provides a brief explanation of contrail formation theory and presents a simple derivation of the critical temperature of contrail formation for representative jet engine types. C1 Air Weather Serv, Scott AFB, IL USA. RP Schrader, ML (reprint author), 20th Air Support Operat Squadron, 2065 Hangar Access Dr, Ft Drum, NY 13602 USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1725 EP 1729 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<1725:COACFC>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YZ905 UT WOS:000072306300010 ER PT J AU Steel, RP Rentsch, JR AF Steel, RP Rentsch, JR TI Dispositional model of job attitudes revisited: Findings of a 10-year study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH; SATISFACTION; INVOLVEMENT; VALIDATION; STABILITY; CONSTRUCT; BEHAVIOR AB Research findings showing that satisfaction scores are stable over time led B. M. Staw and J. Ross (1985) to suggest that job satisfaction is rooted in dispositional mechanisms. The current study tested this hypothesis by administering a questionnaire to 166 U.S. Department of Defense employees on 2 occasions. Measures of job satisfaction (r = .37, p < .01) and job involvement (r = .41: p < .01) evidenced significant stability over the study's 10-year interval. Multiple regression analysis showed that job characteristics explained variance in the attitudinal measures after accounting for the variance due to attitudinal stability. In addition, regression results suggested that the success of job design interventions may be conditioned by personal characteristics (e.g., attitudinal stability-instability) of the individuals in the sample. Hy supporting both the dispositional and situational views of job satisfaction, current findings suggest an interactionist perspective. C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,DAYTON,OH 45435. RP Steel, RP (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT GRAD LOGIST MANAGEMENT,LAL,2950 P ST,BLDG 641,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 25 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0021-9010 J9 J APPL PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Psychol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 82 IS 6 BP 873 EP 879 DI 10.1037/0021-9010.82.6.873 PG 7 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA YL260 UT WOS:A1997YL26000004 ER PT J AU Pocock, JB Liu, LY Kim, MK AF Pocock, JB Liu, LY Kim, MK TI Impact of management approach on project interaction and performance SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB It has long been believed that improving project integration directly improves project performance. There has been a lack of quantitative research to directly support or negate this belief. This paper presents a method for approximating project integration, and demonstrates the impact of improved interaction on project performance. An earlier work developed a method for measuring an individual project's ''degree of interaction'' (DOI). Degree of interaction scores are calculated and compared for 38 projects, divided into traditional and alternative project approaches. The alternative projects have significantly higher average DOI scores than do traditional projects, indicating that they provide better opportunities for interaction. Project performance of alternative projects is better than that of traditional projects. The following four indicators of project performance are measured: cost growth, schedule growth, number of contract modifications, and modifications due to design deficiencies. The impact of improved interaction on objective performance measures is validated by studying 209 completed projects. RP Pocock, JB (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9364 J9 J CONSTR ENG M ASCE JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage.-ASCE PD DEC PY 1997 VL 123 IS 4 BP 411 EP 418 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1997)123:4(411) PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA YG837 UT WOS:A1997YG83700006 ER PT J AU Fang, ZQ Look, DC Jones, RL AF Fang, ZQ Look, DC Jones, RL TI Identification of Cu-related thermally stimulated current trap in undoped semi-insulating GaAs SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Letter DE 4.2K photoluminescence; Cu-related trap; semi-insulating GaAs; thermally stimulated current spectroscopy ID DEFECTS; BULK AB In the thermally stimulated current spectra of semi-insulating GaAs, a unique trap T-a at 170K is sometimes observed. The activation energy and capture cross section of T-a are 0.43 eV and 3.7 x 10(-15) cm(2), respectively. Based on a good correlation with the Cu-related photoluminescence emission at 1.36 eV and the Cu-related deep level transient spectroscopy hole traps HL4 and HB4, we argue that T-a is a Cu-related hole-trap. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AVION DIRECTORATE,WL AADM,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Fang, ZQ (reprint author), WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,DAYTON,OH 45435, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 26 IS 12 BP L29 EP L31 DI 10.1007/s11664-997-0064-1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA YK692 UT WOS:A1997YK69200012 ER PT J AU Kar, A Rothenflue, JA Latham, WP AF Kar, A Rothenflue, JA Latham, WP TI Scaling laws for thick-section cutting with a chemical oxygen-iodine laser SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser cutting materials processing; thick-section cutting; modeling of laser cutting; chemical oxygen-iodine laser; COIL ID MOVING CW LASER; PARAMETERS; MECHANISM AB Almost all laser-assisted materials processing involves melting, vaporization and plasma formation which affect the utilization of laser energy for materials processing, To account for the effect of these phases, an effective absorptivity is defined, and a simple mathematical model is developed for the cutting of thick-section stainless steel using a high power chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL), The model is based on an overall energy balance, and it relates the cutting depth with various process parameters that can be used to predictively scale the laser materials processing performance to very thick sections. The effects of various process parameters such as laser power, spot size, cutting speed and cutting gas velocity on the cutting depth are discussed, The results of the mathematical model are compared with experimental data, Such a comparison provides a means of determining the effective absorptivity during laser materials processing. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Creol, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USAF, Phillips Lab, Appl Laser Technol Branch, LIDB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USAF, Phillips Lab, Lasers & Imaging Directorate, LI, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kar, A (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Creol, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 9 IS 6 BP 279 EP 286 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA YT331 UT WOS:000071590700002 ER PT J AU Smith, PR Porter, WJ AF Smith, PR Porter, WJ TI The effect of heat treatment on the tensile and creep behaviour of ''neat'' matrix Ti-22Al-23Nb SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TI-25AL-10NB-3V-1MO; COMPOSITES AB A study has been conducted to examine the effect of post-consolidation heat treatment on the longitudinal tensile and creep properties of an orthorhombic-based titanium aluminide, Ti-22Al-23Nb (a %), in neat matrix form. Heat-treatment parameters were selected such that they would be consistent with future inclusion into the consolidation cycle for the fabrication of continuously reinforced orthorhombic titanium matrix composites (O TMCs). The effects of heat treatment on microstructural evolution, including type and morphology of the phase constituents, was examined via scanning secondary electron microscopy and quantitative image analysis. Variations in microstructural features were correlated with resulting room-temperature tensile properties including: ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, total elongation and modulus, as well as isothermal creep response at 650 degrees C/172 MPa. C1 UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP Smith, PR (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 32 IS 23 BP 6215 EP 6220 DI 10.1023/A:1018676808772 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YK056 UT WOS:A1997YK05600012 ER PT J AU Doski, JJ Heiman, HS Solenberger, RI Stefko, RM Kuivila, T Rozanski, TA Flack, CA Thurman, RT Milbourn, CT Cheu, HW AF Doski, JJ Heiman, HS Solenberger, RI Stefko, RM Kuivila, T Rozanski, TA Flack, CA Thurman, RT Milbourn, CT Cheu, HW TI Successful separation of ischiopagus tripus conjoined twins with comparative analysis of methods for abdominal wall closure and use of the tripus limb SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE conjoined twins; ischiopagus tripus; pneumoperitoneum; tissue expansion ID TISSUE EXPANSION AB The authors report the successful delivery, preoperative management, and postoperative courses of ischiopagus tripus twin girls successfully separated at 5 months of age. Surgical objectives were predicated on survival and optimum postseparation reconstructive potential for both girls. Each twin has subsequently undergone additional procedures, and both are doing well 2 years after separation. The authors reviewed 17 known cases of ischiopagus tripus separation, comparing anatomic findings, use of the tripus limb, operative strategies, and attainment of abdominal closure. This 18th case includes the first report of splitting the tripus limb and giving each girl a femur. The authors found that detailed systemic investigation, advanced coordinated teamwork with appropriate technical support, applications of new technologies or reapplication of existing technologies, meticulous planning, and favorable anatomy were vital in yielding favorable outcomes. Copyright (C) 1997 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Pediat Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Neonatol, San Antonio, TX USA. San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX USA. San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Plast Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Doski, JJ (reprint author), Dept Pediat Surg, 59 MDW PSSG,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1761 EP 1766 DI 10.1016/S0022-3468(97)90529-7 PG 6 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA YM316 UT WOS:000071051400028 PM 9434022 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B McCoy, G AF Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B McCoy, G TI Shallow acceptors in GaAs grown from the vapour phase SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE; EPITAXIAL GAAS; STATES; LUMINESCENCE AB The photoluminescent spectra from high-quality GaAs crystals grown from the vapour phase reveal a dominant Zn acceptor and a C acceptor, as well as an acceptor that would appear to have a smaller binding energy than C. We show that this shallowest acceptor is not a discrete chemical acceptor, having a smaller binding energy than C, but is rather due to a complex centre. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WL AADP,AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Reynolds, DC (reprint author), WRIGHT STATE UNIV,RES CTR,DAYTON,OH 45435, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 9 IS 48 BP 10795 EP 10799 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/9/48/021 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YK157 UT WOS:A1997YK15700021 ER PT J AU Larmat, F Reynolds, JR Reinhardt, BA Brott, LL Clarson, SJ AF Larmat, F Reynolds, JR Reinhardt, BA Brott, LL Clarson, SJ TI Comparative reactivity of thiophene and 3,4-(ethylenedioxy)thiophene as terminal electropolymerizable units in bis-heterocycle arylenes SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE conducting polymers; electropolymerization; 3,4-(ethylenedioxy)thiophene (EDOT); didecylfluorene; electrochromism; EQCM ID CONDUCTING POLYMERS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTROCHROMIC PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; REPEAT UNITS; PHENYLENE; PYRROLE; FILMS; ELECTROOXIDATION AB The monomers bis(2-thienyl)-9,9-didecylfluorene, BTDF, and bis(3,4-(ethylenedioxy)thien-2-yl)-9,9-didecylfluorene, BEDOT-DF, have been synthesized and electropolymerized to the corresponding conducting polymers. The potential for the electropolymerization of BTDF was found to be dependent on the solvent composition. In CH2Cl2, polymer film deposition is achieved only at potentials higher than 1.3 V vs. Ag/Ag+, while in a 30/70 mixture of CH2Cl2/CH3CN the polymerization is efficient at 0.9 V. BEDOT-DF polymerizes at significantly lower potentials and more rapidly than BTDF. The electron-donating alkoxy substituents of the EDOT units lead to stabilization of the cation radical intermediates allowing the electropolymerization to proceed at 0.55 V. The neutral polymers are insoluble in common organic solvents and are stable to 300 degrees C under nitrogen. Upon oxidation, both polymers show two intragap transitions at intermediate doping levels due to the formation of bipolaronic states and the oxidized polymers exhibit conductivities up to 10(-4) S/cm. The redox-stimulated ion transport characteristics, studied by the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) indicates that the electrolyte anions are the dominant mobile species. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT CHEM,CTR MACROMOL SCI & ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,POLYMER BRANCH,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NR 56 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 35 IS 17 BP 3627 EP 3636 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YF496 UT WOS:A1997YF49600002 ER PT J AU Bunning, TJ Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Dougherty, G Sutherland, RL AF Bunning, TJ Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Dougherty, G Sutherland, RL TI Morphology of anisotropic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals and the effect of monomer functionality SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE holographic gratings; morphology; functionality; liquid-gel demixing; network ID INDUCED PHASE-SEPARATION; BRAGG GRATINGS; MIXTURE AB The morphology of transmission gratings with varying Bragg spacings formed using polymer-dispersed liquid crystals were examined using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and image analysis techniques. The effect on the morphology of small changes in the overall functionality of the prepolymer syrup was observed. An increase in the amount of monofunctional compound resulted in small, nearly spherical domains (<100 nm in diameter) confined in well-defined lamellae for samples with a 0.49 mu m Bragg spacing. A decrease in concentration( an effective increase in monomer functionality) at this Bragg spacing resulted in larger domains (100-200 nm) with much greater distribution of sizes and shapes. The local volume fractions of discrete liquid crystalline (LC) domains was considerably larger in the latter case. An increase in the Bragg spacing to 1.35 mu m also resulted in well-defined lamellae of LC domains, although much more coalescence into irregularly shaped individual domains was observed. Surprisingly, the local volume fraction of LC increased in the larger Bragg spacing samples. The morphology results are discussed qualitatively in terms of liquid-gel demixing where the inherent crosslink density and elasticity of the polymeric host must be considered in phase separation processes on the nanoscale. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLPJ,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,4031 COLONEL GLENN HIGHWAY,DAYTON,OH 45431, USA. NR 19 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 35 IS 17 BP 2825 EP 2833 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(199712)35:17<2825::AID-POLB7>3.0.CO;2-P PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YJ052 UT WOS:A1997YJ05200007 ER PT J AU Spry, RJ Alexander, MD Bai, SJ Dang, TD Price, GE Dean, DR Kumar, B Solomon, JS Arnold, FE AF Spry, RJ Alexander, MD Bai, SJ Dang, TD Price, GE Dean, DR Kumar, B Solomon, JS Arnold, FE TI Anisotropic ionic conductivity of lithium-doped sulfonated PBI SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionic conductivity; DC conductivity; rigid-rod polymer; depletion measurement; X-ray scattering; anisotropic; polymer electrolyte; polyelectrolyte; conducting polymers ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; OPTICAL ANISOTROPY; FILMS AB The conductivity study results of lithium-doped sulfonated PBI, a conjugated rigid rod polymer, poly[(1,7-dihydrobenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d'] dimidazole-2,6-diyl)-2-(2-sulfo)-p-phenylene], derivatized with pendants of propane sulfonate Li+ ionomer are reported. The room-temperature DC four-probe conductivity parallel to the surface of cast films was as large as 8.3 x 10(-3) S/cm. Similar measurements with an eight-probe configuration showed no difference between bulk and surface conductivity. The ionic nature of the conductivity was indicated by constant voltage depletion experiments and by secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements of the residues near the electrodes. The DC two-probe conductivity measured transverse to the sample surface was three to four orders of magnitude smaller than longitudinal conductivity, while the AC two-probe conductivity was even less. Electron microscopy indicated that the films had a layered structure parallel to the surfaces. This structural anisotropy was confirmed by refractive index values obtained from wave-guide experiments and by wide angle X-ray scattering. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP Spry, RJ (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,POLYMER BRANCH,MAT DIRECTORATE,2941 P ST,STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 35 IS 17 BP 2925 EP 2933 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(199712)35:17<2925::AID-POLB15>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YJ052 UT WOS:A1997YJ05200015 ER PT J AU Zelmon, DE Small, DL Jundt, D AF Zelmon, DE Small, DL Jundt, D TI Infrared corrected Sellmeier coefficients for congruently grown lithium niobate and 5 mol. % magnesium oxide-doped lithium niobate SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; PERIODICALLY POLED LINBO3; REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; DISPERSION-EQUATION; TEMPERATURE; MGO-LINBO3; WAVELENGTH; EFFICIENT; CRYSTAL AB The growth in the uses of lithium niobate for infrared applications has created a need for knowledge of its optical characteristics in the infrared spectral region for the purpose of designing phase-matched or quasi-phase-matched devices. We report measurements of the refractive indices of congruently grown lithium niobate and lithium niobate doped with 5 mol. % magnesium oxide. We use these results to predict the tuning curve of a room-temperature multigrating optical parametric oscillator in each material. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(97)00612-7]. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, MLPO, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Crystal Technol Corp, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP Zelmon, DE (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, MLPO, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 208 Z9 210 U1 2 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 14 IS 12 BP 3319 EP 3322 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.14.003319 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA YM873 UT WOS:000071110200006 ER PT J AU Tang, N Sutherland, RL AF Tang, N Sutherland, RL TI Time-domain theory for pump-probe experiments with chirped pulses SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-WING SCATTERING; COHERENCE; LIQUIDS AB We present a time-domain treatment or pump-probe experiments with chirped pulses derived from the same laser source. In this theory we treat the nonlinearities as decaying either instantaneously or exponentially. Therefore the results from it cover different mechanisms originating from electronic orbitals, molecular vibrations, molecular orientations, excited-state populations, etc., as long as their decay falls into one of the two classes, We derive expressions for the transmission of the probe in each case. We divide the transmission expression fi-om nonlinearities with exponential decay into a number of terms, each of which describes a unique situation. These include two-beam coupling in the coherent region that is not present with chirp-free pulses, two-photon absorption, and excited-state absorption. We give analytical expressions for the transmission where possible, and we give the first-order approximation and the estimated error when expression in closed form is unattainable. We discuss various aspects of these terms. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(97)04911-4]. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, MLPJ, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Tang, N (reprint author), 3D Syst Inc, 26081 Ave Hall, Valencia, CA 91355 USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 14 IS 12 BP 3412 EP 3423 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.14.003412 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA YM873 UT WOS:000071110200017 ER PT J AU Bohn, MJ McInerney, JG AF Bohn, MJ McInerney, JG TI Bistable output of an optically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC GAIN; BISTABILITY; OPERATION; ABSORPTION AB We report optically bistable output of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The GaAs-AlGaAs VCSEL was optically pumped with a cw Ti:sapphire laser that was tuned near a cavity resonance of the VCSEL. Using a simple Fabry-Perot model, we demonstrate that the bistability is primarily dispersive and not absorptive. Although the threshold power is high because of poor sample quality, the contrast is very large; in fact, it approaches infinity. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(97)00109-4]. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, LIDA, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Phys, Cork, Ireland. RP Bohn, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, LIDA, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 14 IS 12 BP 3430 EP 3436 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.14.003430 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA YM873 UT WOS:000071110200019 ER PT J AU Puffer, RL AF Puffer, RL TI The world within war: America's combat experience in World War II. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Hist Prog, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Puffer, RL (reprint author), USAF, Hist Prog, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 122 IS 20 BP 122 EP 122 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA YL861 UT WOS:000071001200147 ER PT J AU Subramanian, PR Mendiratta, MG Dimiduk, DM Stucke, MA AF Subramanian, PR Mendiratta, MG Dimiduk, DM Stucke, MA TI Advanced intermetallic alloys - beyond gamma titanium aluminides SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on High Temperature Intermetallics CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE gamma titanium aluminides; intermetallic alloys; nickel-based superalloys ID COMPOSITES; TOUGHNESS; STRENGTH; NIOBIUM AB Recent studies have shown that Nb-base refractory intermetallic materials may be viable for service at temperatures that compete with the nickel-based superalloys in structural applications. While advanced intermetallics in monolithic form have limited prospects for providing the required balance of properties for use at high operating temperatures, two-phase or multiphase intermetallic systems composed of a ductile, Nb-base refractory phase in equilibrium with one or more silicide intermetallics show promise for further development as structural materials. Exploratory efforts on these systems have indicated that damage tolerance, creep resistance and oxidation tolerance may be obtained and controlled simultaneously. In turn, these findings have led to alloy development strategies and approaches which are currently under investigation and are expected to lead to focused research on a small set of alloys. This manuscript presents an overview of recent results on selected Nb-base intermetallic systems with particular emphasis on phase equilibria and mechanical behavior. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, MLLM, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Mat & Proc Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP USAF, Wright Lab, MLLM, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 141 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 240 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00555-8 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YV834 UT WOS:000071868000002 ER PT J AU Eaves, R AF Eaves, R TI The Air Force Nurse Transition Program SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Eaves, R (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 162 IS 12 BP III EP III PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YM063 UT WOS:000071024200001 ER PT J AU Perlovsky, LI Plum, CP Franchi, PR Tichovolsky, EJ Choi, D Weijers, B AF Perlovsky, LI Plum, CP Franchi, PR Tichovolsky, EJ Choi, D Weijers, B TI Einsteinian neural network for spectrum estimation SO NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Letter DE model-based; neural networks; spectrum estimation; entropy; ionosphere; radar; propagation; clutter AB A model-based neural network is developed for spectrum estimation. Its architecture and learning mechanism are founded on the Einsteinian interpretation of the spectrum as a probability distribution ofphotons. By considering a spectrum as an ensemble of photons, we derive the neural learning mechanism from the basic physical principle of entropy maximization of a canonical ensemble. This neural network is applied to characterizing a recently observed phenomenon known as equatorial ionospheric clutter that significantly affects operations of over-the-horizon (OTH) radars and communication links using high frequency radiowaves propagating through the ionosphere. We utilize a specific parameterization of the internal spectral model, which is derived from the physical principles of the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a turbulent ionosphere. A set of parameters characterizing equatorial ionospheric clutter is estimated The developed technique may have a broad applicability in scientific data analysis. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Nichols Res Corp, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. USAF, Rome Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Perlovsky, LI (reprint author), Nichols Res Corp, 70 Westview St, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-6080 J9 NEURAL NETWORKS JI Neural Netw. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1541 EP 1546 DI 10.1016/S0893-6080(97)00081-6 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA YN738 UT WOS:000071201100001 ER PT J AU Previc, FH Intraub, H AF Previc, FH Intraub, H TI Vertical biases in scene memory SO NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE visual; scene; memory; vertical; asymmetries; distance ID BOUNDARY EXTENSION AB In a recent theoretical paper (Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1990, 13, 519-542), Previc argued that vertical asymmetries in perception may largely result from the biases of the lower and upper visual :fields toward proximal and distal space, respectively. The present study examined whether this same relationship may exist for visual scene memory, by re-analyzing data from Intraub and Richardson (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory, and Cognition, 1989, 15, 179-187). In that study, subjects remembered photographs of scenes as being farther away than was actually the case and extended the boundaries of the scenes accordingly; in some cases, the remembered scenes were also shifted vertically. This study formally examined whether prominent landmarks in Intraub and Richardson's close-up and wide-angle photographs were displaced vertically in subjects' reproductions of them from memory. A total of 475 measurements in 210 drawings by 41 subjects were made. The results were that 64% of the original landmark points were shifted downward in the drawings made from memory, whereas only 36% were shifted upward. Although most of the original points were located in the upper-field and would have been expected to be shifted downward as the original image contracted in memory, a chi-square analysis showed that more upper-field points were shifted downward than were lower-field points shifted upward in the remembered scenes. The downward shift could reflect an expansion of the upper-field in memory, consistent with the scene being placed farther away, or it could reflect an elevation of the assumed viewing (head) position in memory. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Armstrong Lab, CFTF, Flight Mot Effects Branch, Crew Technol Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Psychol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Previc, FH (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, CFTF, Flight Mot Effects Branch, Crew Technol Div, 2504 Gillingham Dr Ste 25, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0028-3932 J9 NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA JI Neuropsychologia PD DEC PY 1997 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1513 EP 1517 DI 10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00091-2 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA YR233 UT WOS:000071474300001 PM 9460720 ER PT J AU Ree, MJ AF Ree, MJ TI Fair employment strategies in human resources management. SO PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 Armstrong Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Ree, MJ (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY INC PI BOWLING GREEN PA 745 HASKINS ROAD, SUITE A, BOWLING GREEN, OH 43402 USA SN 0031-5826 J9 PERS PSYCHOL JI Pers. Psychol. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1034 EP 1036 PG 3 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA YM914 UT WOS:000071114500013 ER PT J AU Ashbee, KHG AF Ashbee, KHG TI On the pockets of hydrostatic pressure predicted by simulations for the plastic deformation and fracture of(alpha(2)+gamma) titanium-aluminium alloys SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURES AB Kad et al. and Dao et al. have used room-temperature flow stress and work-hardening data to model the plastic deformation and fracture of two-phase (alpha(2) + gamma) titanium-aluminium alloys deformed to 20% strain. Here, it is suggested that their predicted pockets of hydrostatic pressure ought to give rise to X-ray line broadening and, in thin sections cut from bulk forgings, to mechanical relaxation. However, to achieve upsets of 20%. it has proved necessary to carry out the deformation at a high temperature. Subsequent examination at room temperature reveals no line broadening and no mechanical relaxation. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLLN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 76 IS 6 BP 409 EP 411 DI 10.1080/095008397178832 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA YK189 UT WOS:A1997YK18900006 ER PT J AU Morris, B AF Morris, B TI FOV calculations SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Letter RP Morris, B (reprint author), RAYTHEON CO,COMP SCI,PATRICK AFB,FL 32925, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 31 IS 12 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA YL479 UT WOS:A1997YL47900031 ER PT J AU Alsing, PM Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V Roy, R Thornburg, KS AF Alsing, PM Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V Roy, R Thornburg, KS TI Encoding and decoding messages with chaotic lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SYNCHRONIZATION; COMMUNICATION; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB We investigate the structure of the strange attractor of a chaotic loss-modulated solid-state laser utilizing return maps based on a combination of intensity maxima and interspike intervals, as opposed to those utilizing Poincare sections defined by the intensity maxima of the laser ((I) OVER DOT = 0, (I) DOUBLE OVER DOT < 0) alone. We find both experimentally and numerically that a simple, intrinsic relationship exists between an intensity maximum and the pair of preceding and succeeding interspike intervals. In addition, we numerically investigate encoding messages on the output of a chaotic transmitter laser and its subsequent decoding by a similar receiver laser. By exploiting the relationship between the intensity maxima and the interspike intervals, we demonstrate that the method utilized to encode the message is vital to the system's ability to hide the signal from unwanted deciphering. In this work alternative methods are studied in order to encode messages by modulating the magnitude of pumping of the transmitter laser and also by driving its loss modulation with more than one frequency. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Performance Comp, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Phillips Lab, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Alsing, PM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Performance Comp, 1601 Cent NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 18 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 1997 VL 56 IS 6 BP 6302 EP 6310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.6302 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA YM237 UT WOS:000071043500021 ER PT J AU Newell, TC Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V Sukow, D Erneux, T Glasgow, SA AF Newell, TC Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V Sukow, D Erneux, T Glasgow, SA TI Unfolding of the period-two bifurcation in a fiber laser pumped with two modulation tones SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CHAOS; PERTURBATIONS; CO2-LASER; SIGNAL; DYNAMICS AB The effect of a small second frequency component on a pump modulated neodymium fiber laser is investigated experimentally and theoretically. This term, whose frequency is exactly half the primary driver, incites an unfolding of the attractor. It breaks the period two pitchfork bifurcation and splits the period one orbit. The modification of the bifurcation diagram is studied analytically by employing a map derived from the class B laser rate equations. We determine specific conditions and scaling laws for this phenomenon. Our analytical predictions are in good agreement with recorded experimental data. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, Nonlinear Opt Grp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Newell, TC (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, Nonlinear Opt Grp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 1997 VL 56 IS 6 BP 7223 EP 7231 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.7223 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA YM237 UT WOS:000071043500122 ER PT J AU Luginsland, JW Arman, MJ Lau, YY AF Luginsland, JW Arman, MJ Lau, YY TI High-power transit-time oscillators: Onset of oscillation and saturation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB A simple circuit model is used to investigate the transit-time oscillator (TTO) driven by a high-current diode. A novel condition for the onset of oscillation is derived in terms of the diode impedance. It is shown that a low impedance is required for the production of high-power microwaves in a TTO. The initial growth is calculated, and the saturation level is numerically computed using the one-dimensional model. These one-dimensional (1-D) results are in excellent agreement with a full scale two-dimensional Particle-in-Cell simulation. The success of the much simpler 1-D model allows a close examination of the roles played by the convection current and by the displacement current, as well as the modification in the transit time due to the intense space charge within the gap. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Luginsland, JW (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,HIGH ENERGY SOURCES DIV,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 1997 VL 4 IS 12 BP 4404 EP 4408 DI 10.1063/1.872603 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YK919 UT WOS:A1997YK91900028 ER PT J AU Ruby, CL Brigham, JC AF Ruby, CL Brigham, JC TI The usefulness of the criteria-based content analysis technique in distinguishing between truthful and fabricated allegations - A critical review SO PSYCHOLOGY PUBLIC POLICY AND LAW LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL ABUSE ALLEGATIONS; STATEMENT VALIDITY ASSESSMENT; SOURCE MISATTRIBUTIONS; COMMUNICATION; PRESCHOOLERS; DECEPTION; INTERVIEW; RELIABILITY; CREDIBILITY; TESTIMONY AB The Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) technique was developed to distinguish children's truthful from fabricated allegations. Research results suggest some use for the procedure, but many important theoretical and empirical issues remain unresolved, including wide differences in the apparent usefulness of individual CBCA criteria, inconsistencies in the number of criteria used, and the absence of decision rules for evaluating an individual child. Other issues include the effect of the child's age and cultural background, motivation to lie, being coached to lie, and belief in the validity of a false memory. Although the CBCA technique shows some promise in enabling raters to differentiate true from false statements, the authors conclude that the presentation of expert testimony derived from CBCA analyses of an individual child would be premature and unwarranted. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Ruby, CL (reprint author), USAF, Off Special Invest, 500 Duncan Ave,Room 2040, Washington, DC 20332 USA. EM clruby@aol.com; brigham@psy.fsu.edu NR 94 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1076-8971 J9 PSYCHOL PUBLIC POL L JI Psychol. Public Policy Law PD DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 705 EP 737 DI 10.1037//1076-8971.3.4.705 PG 33 WC Health Policy & Services; Law; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Government & Law; Psychology GA ZD373 UT WOS:000072678700004 ER PT J AU Dooley, J King, G Slade, B AF Dooley, J King, G Slade, B TI Establishment of reference pressure of transcutaneous oxygen for the comparative evaluation of problem wounds SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE elevated extremity; leg dependency; hyperbaric oxygen therapy; human; transcutaneous oxygen measurements ID PERIPHERAL VASCULAR-DISEASE; BLOOD-FLOW; LOWER-LIMB; TENSION; VOLUNTEERS; ADULTS AB Seventy-two healthy males and females serially breathed air and 100% O-2 at 1.0 atm abs (1.01 bar; AIR and O2, respectively), then 100% O-2 at 2.36 atm abs (2.39 bar, HBO) to establish reference values for chest (CH), leg (LG), and foot (FT) Ptc(O2). Subjects sequentially a) rested supine with legs extended (baseline); b) elevated their monitored leg; c) returned to supine/extended position; d) assumed a seated, both legs dependent posture; and e) returned to supine/extended position. LG and FT Ptc(O2) decreased during leg elevation and increased when both legs were dependent during AIR, O2, and HBO (P < 0.0001, respectively). LG Pt-CO2 of females exceeded that for males in all conditions (P < 0.05 to P < 0.0001). Baseline CH Ptc(O2) also was greater than LG Ptc(O2) for all subjects in all conditions (P < 0.01 to P < 0.0001) and greater than FT Ptc(O2) for all conditions (P < 0.01 to P < 0.0001) except AIR. We conclude that: a) position and hyperoxygenation of an extremity significantly affect Ptc(O2); b) Ptc(O2) does not follow a decreasing CH to FT gradient in all conditions; c) a gender difference exists for LG Ptc(O2); and d) Ptc(O2) reference data are established for the comparative evaluation and clinical management of problem wounds. C1 Armstrong Lab, CFTF, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. SGPH, MDG 60, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Dooley, J (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, CFTF, 2504 Gillingham Dr,Suite 25, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 4 BP 235 EP 244 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YP935 UT WOS:000071330800001 PM 9444056 ER PT J AU Nixon, WB Murphy, RJ Stessel, RI AF Nixon, WB Murphy, RJ Stessel, RI TI An empirical approach to the performance assessment of solid waste landfills SO WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE environmental risk; model; leachate; solid waste; contaminant migration; landfill; monitoring AB Several methods and models have been developed to simulate or assess the probability, magnitude and potential consequences of the leakage of aqueous environmental contaminants from solid waste landfills and similar facilities. The various models incorporate many common factors, including climatological and geological characteristics. Each model, however, employs a unique approach to the problem, assigns different relative weights to factors, and relies upon extrapolation of small-scale experimental data and/or the designers' subjective judgment in predicting the various mechanisms of full-scale landfill failure that lead to contaminant migration. As a result, no two models are likely to yield the same assessment of a given facility, and no one model has been validated as a predictor of long-term landfill performance. More than 500 landfills, virtually all unlined and now closed, were analyzed to determine the correlation between a multitude of observable parameters and the actual performance of these landfills over periods up to 90 years. Landfill surface area, seismic impact, freeze/thaw cycling, potential evaporation relative to precipitation, and several other factors were found to be significantly correlated with performance. The results of this empirical analysis suggest that the many existing models may be refined to acknowledge relevant landfill performance parameters, and their relative weights and critical values. (C) 1997 ISWA. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn & Environm Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nixon, WB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn & Environm Management, AFIT-ENV,Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0734-242X J9 WASTE MANAGE RES JI Waste Manage. Res. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 607 EP 626 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YQ258 UT WOS:000071367300006 ER PT J AU Dotrong, M Dotrong, MH Evers, RC AF Dotrong, M Dotrong, MH Evers, RC TI Multidimensional benzobisoxazole rigid-rod polymers .1. Preparation and characterization SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PBO; rigid-rod polymer; multidimensional polymer; thermooxidative stability ID PARA-AROMATIC POLYMERS; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; MAIN CHAIN; FIBERS; UNITS AB Two- and three-dimensional rigid-rod polymers containing benzobisoxazole structures were prepared through the polycondensation in polyphosphoric acid of 4-[5-amino-6-hydroxybenzoxazol-2-yl]benzoic acid (ABA) with trimesic acid and 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl) adamantane, respectively. Thermal properties of the polymers were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric/mass spectral analysis, and isothermal aging studies. The multidimensional polymers exhibited lower solution viscosities and lower thermooxidative stabilities than the one-dimensional polymer generated by the homopolymerization of ABA under identical reaction conditions. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,NONMET MAT DIV,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Dotrong, M (reprint author), UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,NONMET MAT DIV,300 COLL PK,DAYTON,OH 45469, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD NOV 30 PY 1997 VL 35 IS 16 BP 3451 EP 3456 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0518(19971130)35:16<3451::AID-POLA12>3.3.CO;2-8 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YE767 UT WOS:A1997YE76700012 ER PT J AU Dean, DR Husband, DM Dotrong, M Wang, CS Dotrong, MH Click, WE Evers, RC AF Dean, DR Husband, DM Dotrong, M Wang, CS Dotrong, MH Click, WE Evers, RC TI Multidimensional benzobisoxazole rigid-rod polymers .2. Processing, characterization, and morphology SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PBO; rigid-rod polymer; multidimensional polymer; compressive strength; fiber morphology ID PARA-AROMATIC POLYMERS; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; MAIN CHAIN; FIBERS; UNITS AB A high-torque rheometer was used to facilitate the polycondensation of 4-[5-amino-6-hydroxybenzoxazol-2-yl]benzoic acid (ABA) with trimesic acid and 1,3,5,7-tetrakis( 4-carboxylatophenyl)adamantane to yield two-and three-dimensional benzobisoxazole polymers, respectively. Although the resultant polymer dopes exhibited improved homogeneity compared to polymer dopes previously prepared in glassware, improved polymer solution viscosities were not achieved. Fibers spun from the two- and three-dimensional polymers did not show a significant increase in compressive strength compared to fibers of the linear or one-dimensional benzobisoxazole polymer derived from the homopolymerization of ABA. Morphological studies of the polymer fibers and films by wide-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy strongly indicated more lateral disorder and a more isotropic character for the three-dimensional structures compared to the one-dimensional structures. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,NONMET MAT DIV,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP Dean, DR (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,NONMET MAT DIV,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD NOV 30 PY 1997 VL 35 IS 16 BP 3457 EP 3466 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0518(19971130)35:16<3457::AID-POLA13>3.0.CO;2-E PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YE767 UT WOS:A1997YE76700013 ER PT J AU Shire, DB Tang, CL Parker, MA Lei, C Hodge, L AF Shire, DB Tang, CL Parker, MA Lei, C Hodge, L TI Bistable operation of coupled in-plane and oxide-confined vertical-cavity laser 1xN routing switches SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVELENGTH CONVERSION; INPLANE LASERS; DIODE; BISTABILITY; SIGNALS AB We report on the observation of two-mode intensity bistability in intracavity-coupled in-plane lasers and oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) operating under room-temperature CW conditions. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF,ROME LAB,ROME,NY 13441. HEWLETT PACKARD CORP,COMPONENTS GRP,SAN JOSE,CA 95131. RP Shire, DB (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,SCH ELECT ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14850, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 21 BP 3039 EP 3041 DI 10.1063/1.119430 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YG834 UT WOS:A1997YG83400003 ER PT J AU Yan, C McDaniel, DL Moeller, CE Falcon, MD Gianardi, DM AF Yan, C McDaniel, DL Moeller, CE Falcon, MD Gianardi, DM TI Observing lateral temperature and refractive index profiles in an optically pumped midinfrared laser through temporally and spatially resolved spectra SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASERS; HIGH-POWER AB We show how temporally and spatially resolved lasing spectra may be interpreted to obtain quantitative information on the lattice temperature and refractive index distribution in an optically pumped GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb quantum well 1.8 mu m midwave-infrared laser. We present this technique as a method for evaluating and comparing high power laser structures in terms of optical and thermal efficiency. We also suggest how this method might provide insight into the particulars of filamentation and heat transport in both electrically and optically pumped structures. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. UNIV NEW MEXICO,CTR HIGH TECHNOL MAT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. RP Yan, C (reprint author), BOEING DEF & SPACE GRP,ROCKETDYNE TECH SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 21 BP 3054 EP 3056 DI 10.1063/1.120283 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YG834 UT WOS:A1997YG83400008 ER PT J AU Matson, CL AF Matson, Charles L. TI Focus Issue: Signal Collection and Recovery SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 24 PY 1997 VL 1 IS 11 BP 301 EP 301 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA V30FR UT WOS:000208802400001 PM 19377549 ER PT J AU McMackin, L Hugo, RJ Pierson, RE Truman, CR AF McMackin, L. Hugo, R. J. Pierson, R. E. Truman, C. R. TI High speed optical tomography system for imaging dynamic transparent media SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We describe the design and operation of a high speed optical tomography system for measuring two-dimensional images of a dynamic phase object at a rate of 5 kHz. Data from a set of eight Hartmann wavefront sensors is back-projected to produce phase images showing the details of the inner structure of a heated air flow. Series of animated reconstructions at different downstream locations illustrate the development of flow structure and the effect of acoustic flow forcing. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America C1 [McMackin, L.; Hugo, R. J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Pierson, R. E.] Appl Technol Assocs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Truman, C. R.] Univ New Mexico, Mech Eng Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP McMackin, L (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM mcmackin@plk.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Ellen Chen and Kenneth Bishop (ATA, Inc.) to the content of this paper, and Mervin Kellum and Matthew Fetrow (ATA, Inc.) in the preparation of the animated figures. This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 24 PY 1997 VL 1 IS 11 BP 302 EP 311 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA V30FR UT WOS:000208802400002 PM 19377550 ER PT J AU Landesman, BT Kindilien, P Pierson, RE Matson, CL Mosley, D AF Landesman, B. T. Kindilien, P. Pierson, R. E. Matson, C. L. Mosley, D. TI Active imaging through cirrus clouds SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB The presence of clouds of ice particles in the uplink and downlink path of an illumination beam can severely impede the performance of an active imaging system. Depending on the optical depth of the cloud, i.e., its density and depth, the beam can be completely scattered and extinguished, or the beam can pass through the cloud with some fraction attenuated, scattered, and depolarized. In particular, subvisual cirrus clouds, i.e., high, thin cirrus clouds that cannot be observed from the ground, can affect the properties and alignment of both uplink and downlink beams. This paper discusses the potential for active imaging in the presence of cirrus clouds. We document field data results from an active imaging experiment conducted several years ago, which the authors believe to show the effects of cirrus clouds on an active imaging system. To verify these conclusions, we include the results of a simulation of the interaction of a coherent illumination scheme with a cirrus cloud. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America C1 [Landesman, B. T.; Kindilien, P.; Pierson, R. E.] Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Matson, C. L.; Mosley, D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Landesman, BT (reprint author), Appl Technol Associates, 1900 Randolph Rd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM landesman@aptec.com; kindilien@aptec.com; pierson@aptec.com; matson@plk.af.mil; mosleyde@plk.af.mil FU USAF [F29601-93-C-0211] FX This work was performed entirely under USAF contract number F29601-93-C-0211. The authors gratefully acknowledge the many helpful discussions with Tom Caudill and Dave Voelz of the USAF Phillips Laboratory, John Belsher of tOSC, and Keith Bush of Logicon/RDA. The University of Hawaii Satellite Oceanography Laboratory graciously provided assistance with weather data for this research. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 24 PY 1997 VL 1 IS 11 BP 312 EP 323 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA V30FR UT WOS:000208802400003 PM 19377551 ER PT J AU Marker, DK Jenkins, CH AF Marker, D. K. Jenkins, C. H. TI Surface precision of optical membranes with curvature SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB Space-based inflatable technology is of current interest to NASA and DOD, and in particular to the Air Force and Phillips Laboratory. Potentially large gains in lowering launch costs, through reductions in structure mass and volume, are driving this activity. Diverse groups are researching and developing this technology for radio and radar antennae, optical telescopes, and solar power and propulsion applications. Regardless of the use, one common requirement for successful application is the accuracy of the inflated surface shape. The work reported here concerns the shape control of an inflated thin circular disk through use of a nonlinear finite element analysis. First, a review of the important associated Hencky problem is given. Then we discuss a shape modification, achieved through enforced boundary displacements, which resulted in moving the inflated shape towards a desired parabolic profile. Minimization of the figure error is discussed and conclusions are drawn. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America C1 [Marker, D. K.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Jenkins, C. H.] SD Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Marker, DK (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM markerd@plk.af.mil NR 39 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 24 PY 1997 VL 1 IS 11 BP 324 EP 331 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA V30FR UT WOS:000208802400004 PM 19377552 ER PT J AU McMackin, L Voelz, DG Fetrow, MP AF McMackin, Lenore Voelz, David G. Fetrow, Matthew P. TI Multiple wavelength heterodyne array interferometry SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB Multiple wavelength interferometry is combined with a heterodyne array sensing technique to provide an approach for measuring highly aberrated optical surfaces. Interferometric measurements created with long effective wavelengths are obtained by digitally combining complex exposures collected at different optical wavelengths. The heterodyne array sensing method is straightforward to implement and holds promise for rapid wavefront measurements with high spatial and phase resolution. Measurements of a tilted, flat surface are presented and analyzed. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America C1 [McMackin, Lenore; Voelz, David G.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Fetrow, Matthew P.] Appl Technol Assocs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP McMackin, L (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM mcmackin@plk.af.mil NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 24 PY 1997 VL 1 IS 11 BP 332 EP 337 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA V30FR UT WOS:000208802400005 PM 19377553 ER PT J AU Dayton, D Sandven, S Gonglewski, J Browne, S Rogers, S McDermott, S AF Dayton, David Sandven, Steve Gonglewski, John Browne, Steve Rogers, Samuel McDermott, Scot TI Adaptive optics using a liquid crystal phase modulator in conjunction with a Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor and zonal control algorithm SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB Multi-segment liquid crystal spatial light modulators have received much attention recently for use as high-precision wavefront control devices for use in astronomical and non-astronomical applications. They act much like piston only segmented deformable mirrors. In this paper we investigate the use of these devices in conjunction with a Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor. Previous investigators have considered Zernike modal control algorithms. In this paper we consider a zonal algorithm in order to take advantage of high speed matrix multiply hardware which we have in hand. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America C1 [Dayton, David; Sandven, Steve] Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Gonglewski, John] Air Force Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Browne, Steve] Opt Sci Co, Anaheim, CA 92825 USA. [Rogers, Samuel] Willow Syst Ltd, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [McDermott, Scot] Logicon RDA, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Dayton, D (reprint author), Appl Technol Associates, 1900 Randolph SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM dayton@aptec.com; sandven@aptec.com; gonglewj@plk.af.mil; slbrowne@tosc.com; srogers@willowsystems.com; mcdermos@plk.af.mil NR 3 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 24 PY 1997 VL 1 IS 11 BP 338 EP 346 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA V30FR UT WOS:000208802400006 PM 19377554 ER PT J AU Tyler, DW Matson, CL AF Tyler, D. W. Matson, C. L. TI Reduction of nonstationary noise in telescope imagery using a support constraint SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate the use of image support constraints in a noise-reduction algorithm. Previous work has revealed serious limits to the use of support if image noise is wide-sense stationary in the frequency domain; we use simulation and numerical calculations to show these limits are removed for nonstationary noise generated by inverse-filtering adaptive optics image spectra. To quantify the noise reduction, we plot fractional noise removed by the proposed algorithmover a range of support sizes. We repeat this calculation for other noise sources with varying degrees of stationarity. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America C1 [Tyler, D. W.] Schafer Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Matson, C. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Tyler, DW (reprint author), Schafer Corp, 2000 Randolph SE,Ste 205, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM tyler@plk.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Bolling AFB, MD; USAF/Maui High Performance Computing Center Research and Development Consortium FX The authors gratefully acknowledge grants from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Bolling AFB, MD. and the USAF/Maui High Performance Computing Center Research and Development Consortium. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 24 PY 1997 VL 1 IS 11 BP 347 EP 354 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA V30FR UT WOS:000208802400007 PM 19377555 ER PT J AU Whitnall, MH Elliott, TB Ledney, GD Landauer, MR Jackson, WE Loria, RM AF Whitnall, MH Elliott, TB Ledney, GD Landauer, MR Jackson, WE Loria, RM TI Androstenediol stimulates myelopoiesis but not lymphopoiesis in irradiated mice. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,RADIOBIOL RES INST,BETHESDA,MD. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,RICHMOND,VA 23298. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 772 EP 772 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42400772 ER PT J AU Stevenson, A Jimenez, C More, L Heatherley, L AF Stevenson, A Jimenez, C More, L Heatherley, L TI Detection of blasts in patients with severe leukopenia by automated microscopy. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 3740 EP 3740 PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG425 UT WOS:A1997YG42501050 ER PT J AU Ganguly, BN Bletzinger, P AF Ganguly, BN Bletzinger, P TI Comparison of hydrogen atom density measurements in three types of discharges using H-2-N-2 gas mixtures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL KINETICS; ELECTRON; PLASMA; NITROGEN; H-2 AB Two-photon laser induced fluorescence measurement of H atom density in %H-2-%N-2 gas mixture discharges has shown that the flux of H atom remains nearly constant over a wide range of gas compositions and pressures in three types of discharge devices. This unique feature is attributable to an efficient multiquantum N-2 vibrational energy transfer to the dissociation of H-2. This result shows that an appropriate choice of molecular gas mixtures can be used to extend the discharge operating conditions and device size scaling without compromising atom flux production. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Ganguly, BN (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 10 BP 4772 EP 4776 DI 10.1063/1.366334 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YG473 UT WOS:A1997YG47300010 ER PT J AU Strong, R Greve, DW Pellegrini, P Weeks, M AF Strong, R Greve, DW Pellegrini, P Weeks, M TI GexSi1-x infrared detectors .2. Carrier escape probability and detector performance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOEMISSION; ABSORPTION AB GexSi1-x/Si heterojunction internal photoemission (HIP) detectors with thresholds in the medium-wave infrared and long-wave infrared (LWIR) regions were fabricated and characterized. Measurements of the photoresponse are fit well by a theory which takes into account the scattering of excited carriers. The probability of escape of an excited hole is calculated and compared with that observed in another detector, the multiple quantum well structure. It is shown that HIP detectors can achieve background-limited performance in the LWIR region when operated at 40 K. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF,ROME LAB,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731. RP Strong, R (reprint author), CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213, USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 10 BP 5199 EP 5205 DI 10.1063/1.366325 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YG473 UT WOS:A1997YG47300082 ER PT J AU Butts, JN AF Butts, JN TI Stalls and airline pilots SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USAF,ANNANDALE,VA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD NOV 10 PY 1997 VL 147 IS 19 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YE735 UT WOS:A1997YE73500001 ER PT J AU Denoyer, KK Peterson, LD AF Denoyer, KK Peterson, LD TI Model update using modal contribution to static flexibility error SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EIGENVECTOR DERIVATIVES; EFFICIENT COMPUTATION; REPEATED EIGENVALUES AB A new technique for the parametric correction of full-order analytical stiffness matrices from reduced-order modal measurements is presented. The proposed algorithm corrects model parameters by minimizing a matrix residual formed at measurement degrees of freedom only. The residual Is the difference between the measured modal contribution to the static flexibility matrix and the corresponding analytical modal contribution to the static flexibility matrix. Analytical expressions are developed for the flexibility matrix error residual gradient in terms of modal sensitivities found via Nelson's method. By utilizing a flexibility-based matrix error residual, the effect of poorly modeled inertia properties on stiffness parameter estimates is greatly reduced. Unlike techniques that utilize only static data, this technique is suitable for use on unconstrained structures. In addition, the method avoids the problems of mode selection, determining modal correspondence, and eigenvector expansion or model reduction. Numerical simulation results are presented for Kabe's model as well as a finite element model of a welded frame structure. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT AEROSP ENGN SCI,CTR AEROSP STRUCT,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Denoyer, KK (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,VTVD,DYNAM SYST BRANCH,DIRECTORATE SPACE TECHNOL,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1739 EP 1745 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YE271 UT WOS:A1997YE27100008 ER PT J AU Miller, MD Olszewski, AD AF Miller, MD Olszewski, AD TI Posterior tibial tunnel placement to avoid anterior cruciate ligament graft impingement by the intercondylar roof - An in vitro and in vivo study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Interim Meeting of the American-Orthopaedic-Society-Sports-Medicine CY FEB, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Orthopaed Soc Sports Med ID RECONSTRUCTION; EXTENSION; KNEE AB Recent recommendations to ''customize'' tibial tunnel placement based on the slope of the intercondylar roof and the amount knee hyperextension were derived from a series of cases with graft impingement by the intercondylar roof. We believe that this impingement is caused by anterior placement of the graft and not by variations of notch anatomy among individual patients, In Phase 1 of this study, we drilled tibial tunnels in the posteromedial aspect of the anterior cruciate ligament ''footprint'' after the ligament was excised in cadaveric knees, We then passed an Impingement rod into the back of the knee joint, Lateral radiographs with the knee in hyperextension were taken of each specimen, and the distance between the superior border of the rod and intercondylar roof was measured. In Phase 2, we prospectively obtained lateral hyperextension radiographs of 75 consecutive knees with anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions and evaluated them for graft impingement based on recently published guidelines. In Phase 1, we found no cases of impingement and an average roof clearance of 8.3 mm. In Phase 2, we noted no cases of severe impingement, 3 cases of moderate impingement (4%), and 72 cases (96%) with no impingement. We conclude that posteromedial tibial tunnel placement alone is adequate to avoid graft impingement in almost all patients. Individualized tibial tunnel placement with specialized tibial guidance systems is not necessary. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. RP Miller, MD (reprint author), USAF ACAD,MDG SGOSO 10,4102 PIN DR,SUITE 100,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 6 BP 818 EP 822 DI 10.1177/036354659702500615 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA YG828 UT WOS:A1997YG82800015 PM 9397271 ER PT J AU Waisel, DB Truog, RD AF Waisel, DB Truog, RD TI How an anesthesiologist can use the ethics consultation service SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomedical ethics; ethics consultation; ethics consultation service ID HEALTH-CARE REFORM; MANAGED CARE; CLINICAL ETHICS; PREVENTIVE ETHICS; MEDICAL-ETHICS; ENVIRONMENT; PHYSICIANS; COST; COMMITTEES; OUTCOMES C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,BOSTON,MA. OI Waisel, David/0000-0002-5307-4092 NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD NOV PY 1997 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1231 EP 1238 DI 10.1097/00000542-199711000-00028 PG 8 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA YE499 UT WOS:A1997YE49900028 PM 9366476 ER PT J AU Stahl, RD Liu, JC Walsh, JF AF Stahl, RD Liu, JC Walsh, JF TI Blunt cardiac trauma: Atrioventricular valve disruption and ventricular septal defect SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CHEST TRAUMA; RUPTURE AB Nonpenetrating cardiac trauma resulting in cardiac chamber or valvar rupture is uncommon, requiring a high degree of suspicion for diagnosis. Fi case involving avulsion of the tricuspid and mitral papillary muscles with resultant interventricular septal rupture is reported. This case illustrates the importance of transesophageal echocardiography in the rapid diagnosis of blunt cardiac trauma. Surgical treatment of this condition is also discussed. (C) 1997 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,PSST,DEPT CARDIOTHORAC SURG,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT CARDIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 64 IS 5 BP 1466 EP 1468 DI 10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00843-6 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA YG995 UT WOS:A1997YG99500062 PM 9386725 ER PT J AU Wilde, JL English, JC Finley, EM AF Wilde, JL English, JC Finley, EM TI Minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation Treatment with the neodymium:YAG laser SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SWITCHED RUBY-LASER; ALUMINUM-GARNET LASER; CUTANEOUS HYPERPIGMENTATION; INDUCED PIGMENTATION; DOSE-RESPONSE; LESIONS; SKIN; MICROSCOPY C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR, LACKLAND AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP BROOKE ARMY MED CTR, FT SAM HOUSTON, TX 78234 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0003-987X EI 1538-3652 J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 133 IS 11 BP 1344 EP 1346 DI 10.1001/archderm.133.11.1344 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YF121 UT WOS:A1997YF12100001 PM 9371014 ER PT J AU Toth, CA Narayan, DG Boppart, SA Hee, MR Fujimoto, JG Birngruber, R Cain, CP DiCarlo, CD Roach, WP AF Toth, CA Narayan, DG Boppart, SA Hee, MR Fujimoto, JG Birngruber, R Cain, CP DiCarlo, CD Roach, WP TI A comparison of retinal morphology viewed by optical coherence tomography and by light microscopy SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPE AB Objective: To compare the cross-sectional images of primate retinal morphology obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) with light microscopy to determine the retinal components represented in OCT images. Methods: Laser pulses were delivered to the retina to create small marker lesions in a Macaca mulatta. These lesions were used to align in vivo OCT scans and ex vivum histologic cross sections for image comparison. Results: The OCT images demonstrated reproducible patterns of retinal morphology that corresponded to the location of retinal layers seen on light microscopic overlays. Layers of relative high reflectivity corresponded to horizontally aligned retinal components such as the nerve fiber layer and plexiform layers, as well as to the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid. In contrast, the nuclear layers and the photoreceptor inner and outer segments demonstrated relative low reflectivity by OCT. Conclusions: Retinal morphology and macular OCT imaging correlate well, with alignment of areas of high and low reflectivity to specific retinal and choroidal elements. Resolution of retinal structures by OCT depends on the contrast in relative reflectivity of adjacent structures. Use of this tool will enable expanded study of retinal morphology, both normal and pathologic, as it evolves in vivo. C1 MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. MED LASERZENTRUM,LUBECK,GERMANY. TASC INC,SAN ANTONIO,TX. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USAF,OFF SCI RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20330. RP Toth, CA (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,CTR EYE,BOX 3802,ERWIN RD,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. RI Boppart, Stephen/C-7338-2009; toth, cynthia/F-5614-2011; Birngruber, Reginald/Q-2342-2016 NR 10 TC 160 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 115 IS 11 BP 1425 EP 1428 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA YE633 UT WOS:A1997YE63300011 PM 9366674 ER PT J AU Hale, GM Jackson, JA Parnell, GS AF Hale, GM Jackson, JA Parnell, GS TI Assessing communications systems for the Australian Defense Force SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE decision analysis; technology selection AB This research develops a decision analysis model for assessing various communication systems to support the command and control of the Australian Defense Forces (ADF). System effectiveness and cost were used to identify the most valued communication systems and the key system effectiveness and cost trade-offs. System effectiveness measures were developed from basic communication objectives, while cost measures were derived from project cost elements associated with buying a communication system. Existing ADF communication systems formed the baseline for the model. The model highlighted the superior performance of satellite communication (SATCOM) systems over High Frequence (HF) communication systems, and also the significant cost differential in favor of HF systems. However, the final decision involves making a choice between commercial and military satellite communication systems. The choice depends on the decision-maker's information security versus cost. The model can be adapted to the decisionmaker's requirements and can be used to assess any type of command and control communication system. C1 Royal Australian Air Force, SOSCD, FD Joint HQADF, Russell Off B3 20, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Math Sci, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH PI SINGAPORE PA NATL UNIV SINGAPORE, INDUSTRIAL & SYSTEMS ENG DEPT, 10 KENT RIDGE CRESCENT, SINGAPORE 119260, SINGAPORE SN 0217-5959 J9 ASIA PAC J OPER RES JI Asia Pac. J. Oper. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 14 IS 2 BP 45 EP 67 PG 23 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA ZK325 UT WOS:000073307800004 ER PT J AU Benline, TA French, J Poole, E AF Benline, TA French, J Poole, E TI Anti-emetic drug effects on pilot performance: Granisetron vs. ondansetron SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-INDUCED EMESIS; ANTIEMETIC PROPERTIES; ANTAGONISTS AB Background: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of two anti-emetic drugs, granisetron (1 mg tablets/2 mg oral dose) and ondansetron (8 mg tablets/8 mg oral dose) on flying and mission performance in an F-16 research simulator. Methods: The experimental approach, involving 9 pilots, was a placebo controlled, double blind, crossover design. Each pilot flew three defensive counter air missions. Data on nine measures of flying performance were collected via the simulator data recorder. In addition, ratings on mission and flying performance were recorded by simulator instructor pilots. Data were also collected on symptoms and side effects, mood, and vigilance. Results: This study, carried out in the context of a simulated tactical air-to-air combat mission, produced no significant differences between the effects of the target drugs and placebo on any of the nine objective flying performance measures, including a composite measure of landing performance. There were no differences in evaluator ratings of routine mission flying or air combat performance. Pilots could not distinguish active drug from placebo and there were no differences on any of the mood scales. Conclusions: These results confirm our earlier findings that the drugs of interest are well tolerated and produce no cognitive, psychomotor or subjective state changes. In this study, there was no evidence of performance degradation caused by either granisetron or ondansetron when tested in a complex, military task environment. C1 SYST RES LABS INC,DAYTON,OH 45440. ARMSTRONG LAB,CREW TECHNOL DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 68 IS 11 BP 998 EP 1005 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA YE737 UT WOS:A1997YE73700003 PM 9383499 ER PT J AU Parsons, DS Chambers, DW Boyd, EM AF Parsons, DS Chambers, DW Boyd, EM TI Long-term follow-up of aviators after functional endoscopic sinus surgery for sinus barotrauma SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RECURRING RHINOSINUSITIS; ENDONASAL SURGERY AB Prior to endonasal endoscopic advances for the treatment of sinus disease, surgical results for aviators with recurrent sinus barotrauma (RSB) were inconsistent. Between 1988 and 1992, 54 aviators, who were permanently or temporarily grounded, underwent functional endoscopic sinus (FES) surgery in an attempt to return them to active flying status. Follow-up in the immediate postoperative period revealed that 98% of these aviators returned to active flight duty. A questionnaire was mailed to each of these aviators to compare their preoperative and long-term postoperative symptoms and determine their current flying status. Longterm follow-up time ranged from 20 to 72 mo with average of 48 mo. Of the aviators who responded to the survey, 92% have continued their flying duties and do not report difficulties with RSB. We conclude that FES surgery is effective in the short-and long-term management RSB in aviators. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. RP Parsons, DS (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,SCH MED,1 HOSP DR,MA-314,COLUMBIA,MO 65212, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 68 IS 11 BP 1029 EP 1034 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA YE737 UT WOS:A1997YE73700008 PM 9383504 ER PT J AU Gibson, MA Carell, ES AF Gibson, MA Carell, ES TI Direct right ventricular puncture for hemodynamic evaluation of a mechanical tricuspid valve prosthesis: A new indication for an old procedure SO CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSIS LA English DT Article DE catheterization; heart; tricuspid stenosis ID LEFT HEART CATHETERIZATION; DISK VALVE; THROMBOSIS; OBSTRUCTION; POSITION; THERAPY AB The advent of transvenous right heart catheterization has relegated direct transthoracic right ventricular puncture largely to the role of ''interesting historical footnote.'' However, in the case of a right ventricle that is ''protected'' by a mechanical tricuspid valve prosthesis, direct right ventricular puncture represents a reasonable alternative for obtaining accurate hemodynamic information. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 SCOTT AFB MED CTR,DIV CARDIOL,SCOTT AFB,IL. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DIV CARDIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0098-6569 J9 CATHETER CARDIO DIAG JI Catheter. Cardiovasc. Diagn. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 42 IS 3 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0304(199711)42:3<278::AID-CCD10>3.0.CO;2-I PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YD939 UT WOS:A1997YD93900010 PM 9367102 ER PT J AU Young, JL Gaitonde, D Shang, JJS AF Young, JL Gaitonde, D Shang, JJS TI Toward the construction of a fourth-order difference scheme for transient EM wave simulation: Staggered grid approach SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE FDTD methods ID TIME-DOMAIN; EQUATIONS AB A compact central-difference approximation in conjunction with the Yee grid is used to compute the spatial derivatives in Maxwell's equations. To advance the semi-discrete equations, the four-stage Runge-Kutta (RK) integrator is invoked, This combination of spatial and temporal differencing leads to a scheme that is fourth-order accurate, conditionally stable, and highly efficient, Moreover, the use of compact differencing allows one to apply the compact operator in the vicinity of a perfect conductor-an attribute not found in other higher order methods, Results are provided that quantify the spectral properties of the method, Simulations are conducted on problem spaces that span one and three dimensions and whose domains are of the open and closed type. Results from these simulations are compared with exact closed-form solutions; the agreement between these results is consistent with numerical analysis. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FLIGHT DYAM DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Young, JL (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT ELECT ENGN,MOSCOW,ID 83844, USA. RI Young, Jeffrey/B-1591-2017 OI Young, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6647-4303 NR 21 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1573 EP 1580 DI 10.1109/8.650067 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA YE079 UT WOS:A1997YE07900001 ER PT J AU Medley, MJ Saulnier, GJ Das, PK AF Medley, MJ Saulnier, GJ Das, PK TI Narrow-band interference excision in spread spectrum systems using lapped transforms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 96) CY OCT 21-24, 1996 CL MCLEAN, VA SP IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc, US Dept Def DE cosine-modulated filter banks; interference suppression; lapped transforms; spread spectrum; transform domain detection; transform domain excision ID DIGITAL-COMMUNICATION SYSTEM; TIME FOURIER-TRANSFORMS; PERFECT RECONSTRUCTION; FILTER BANKS; REJECTION; DEMODULATION; DESIGN AB In order to mitigate narrow-band interference in spread spectrum communications systems, novel communications receivers incorporating transform domain filtering techniques are designed. In this paper, lapped transforms are used to transform the received data signal to the transform domain wherein adaptive excision is performed, Transform domain detection algorithms, which yield bit decisions based on the remaining signal energy, are analyzed and, together with excision, are employed on a block-by-block basis to suppress single-tone and narrow band Gaussian interference, System performance is analytically quantified in terms of the overall system bit-error rate (BER), Subsequent results are presented. for a variety of channel conditions and compared to those obtained using excision algorithms based on orthonormal block transforms [10], These results demonstrate the improved performance and increased robustness with respect to jammer frequency and bandwidth of lapped transform domain excision techniques relative to similar algorithms based on nonweighted block transforms. C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST, DEPT ELECT COMP & SYST ENGN, TROY, NY 12180 USA. RP Medley, MJ (reprint author), USAF, ROME LAB, ROME, NY 13441 USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1444 EP 1455 DI 10.1109/26.649769 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA YG583 UT WOS:A1997YG58300017 ER PT J AU Moore, JA Quinn, MJ AF Moore, JA Quinn, MJ TI Generating an efficient broadcast sequence using reflected Gray codes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE broadcasting; binomial trees; communication algorithms; multicomputers; reflected Gray code; parallel processing ID ALGORITHMS; HYPERCUBES AB One-to-all broadcast is frequently implemented on multicomputers using a binomial tree communication pattern. The source processor, at the root of the broadcast tree, completes the broadcast before the processors at the leaves of the tree. This imbalance can degrade performance when a data-parallel algorithm requires a series of broadcasts from different source processors. In this paper, we show that using a reflected Gray code to order broadcasts minimizes the communication time. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT COMP SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Moore, JA (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT COMP SCI,2354 FAIRCHILD HALL,SUITE 6K41,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1045-9219 J9 IEEE T PARALL DISTR JI IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1117 EP 1122 DI 10.1109/71.642946 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA YH417 UT WOS:A1997YH41700003 ER PT J AU Guide, VDR Srivastava, R Kraus, ME AF Guide, VDR Srivastava, R Kraus, ME TI Product structure complexity and scheduling of operations in recoverable manufacturing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PRIORITY DISPATCHING RULES; ASSEMBLY SHOP; PERFORMANCE; CAPACITY; SYSTEM; MANAGEMENT; POLICIES AB Recoverable manufacturing is becoming an increasingly important alternative to firms as they develop environmentally sound strategies aimed at minimizing waste and resources. Remanufacturing helps minimize costs and conserve resources through methods such as extending product life cycles via refurbishments and technical upgrades which require the use of only a fraction of the resources and energy associated with a new product. In this study the impact of product structure complexity on other managerial operating decisions is examined in a remanufacturing environment. It is shown that in the remanufacturing environment, with its greater inherent uncertainty, product structure complexity significantly affects the choice of scheduling policies used. Recommendations as to the scheduling policy to use for a dominant product structure in a given environment are made. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH LOGIST & ACQUISIT MANAGEMENT,DEPT GRAD LOGIST MANAGEMENT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 43 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0020-7543 J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 35 IS 11 BP 3179 EP 3199 DI 10.1080/002075497194345 PG 21 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA YE584 UT WOS:A1997YE58400012 ER PT J AU Zhu, H Chang, CS Rish, JW AF Zhu, H Chang, CS Rish, JW TI Rolling compliance for elastic and visco-elastic conforming binder contact SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID TANGENTIAL COMPLIANCE AB This article presents a method of analysis for deriving expressions of the rolling compliance for a system of two elastic particles bonded by a thin layer of elastic or visco-elastic binder. The governing equations of rolling compliance for this system are Fredholm integral equations of the second type for which it is very difficult to find closed-form solutions. The method of analysis is proposed to derive closed-form compliances in the form of the upper and lower bounds. The best estimate of rolling compliance is then derived based on the upper and lower bound solutions. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,AMHERST,MA 01003. WRIGHT LAB,PAVEMENTS & FACIL SECT,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), APPL RES ASSOCIATES INC,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 34 IS 31-32 BP 4073 EP 4086 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(97)00014-0 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA YB694 UT WOS:A1997YB69400001 ER PT J AU Harkacz, OM Carnes, DL Walker, WA AF Harkacz, OM Carnes, DL Walker, WA TI Determination of periodontal ligament cell viability in the oral rehydration fluid Gatorade and milks of varying fat content SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID BALANCED SALT SOLUTION; STORAGE MEDIA; TEETH; MEMBRANE; VITALITY; VIASPAN; SALIVA AB The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to determine if the oral rehydration fluid Gatorade could serve as a suitable temporary storage medium for maintenance of periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability on avulsed teeth and 2) to determine if fat content is related to maintenance of cell viability when milk is used as the temporary storage medium, PDL cells were cultured from extracted human teeth then incubated over timed intervals from 15 to 210 min in the oral rehydration fluid Gatorade, milks of varing fat content, and saliva. Dulbeco's Modified Eagles Medium served as the positive control while tap water sewed as the negative control, Cell viability was determined using a colorimetric assay that used Cell Proliferation Reagent WST-1, Results using Gatorade yielded cell viability data similar to the negative control, tap water, indicating that this oral rehydration fluid was not suitable as a temporary storage medium for the avulsed tooth. However, the fat content of milk was found to have an effect on cell viability, suggesting that milks with lower fat content may be more appropriate for maintaining PDL cell viability than milks with higher fat content. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ENDODONT,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH DENT,DEPT ENDODONT,RES DIV,ADV EDUC PROGRAM,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 13 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 23 IS 11 BP 687 EP 690 DI 10.1016/S0099-2399(97)80402-5 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA YD829 UT WOS:A1997YD82900007 PM 9587309 ER PT J AU Hall, CD AF Hall, CD TI Momentum transfer dynamics of a gyrostat with a discrete damper SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 35th Aerospace Science Meeting / Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Symposium CY JAN 06-09, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, USAF, Off Sci Res, Sandia Natl Labs ID SPINUP DYNAMICS; SPACECRAFT AB The stability of motion of attitude maneuvers of a torque-free rigid gyrostat with a discrete damper is investigated. The equations of motion are presented in dimensionless form. Conditions for equilibrium motions and for their stability are developed. Bifurcation diagrams are used to illustrate the stable and unstable branches of steady spins, and these bifurcation diagrams are interpreted in the slow state space of the rotor momenta and the unperturbed system Hamiltonian. The effect of the damper mechanism is illustrated using a perturbed version of the bifurcation diagram. A class of rotational maneuvers is developed based on maintaining a stationary-platform condition. This class of maneuvers maintains a small angular velocity, which has the effect of reducing the excitation of the flexible component. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,ENY,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1072 EP 1075 DI 10.2514/2.4187 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA YF147 UT WOS:A1997YF14700003 ER PT J AU Beran, PS Morton, SA AF Beran, PS Morton, SA TI Continuation method for calculation of transonic airfoil flutter boundaries SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 35th Aerospace Science Meeting / Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Symposium CY JAN 06-09, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, USAF, Off Sci Res, Sandia Natl Labs ID FINITE-ELEMENT AB Flutter boundaries, through variations in aerodynamic and structural dynamic parameters, are computed for a NACA 64A006 airfoil at transonic freestream Mach numbers with pitch-and-plunge structural coupling, These Butter boundaries are obtained with a new continuation algorithm that specifically accounts for flutter onset, The algorithm, which is based on pseudoarclength continuation, solves an extended form of the Euler equations for the reduced velocity at flutter onset, the corresponding base-flow solution, the destabilizing mode at Butter onset, and the critical value of a secondary structural parameter, e.g., structural damping, The algorithm provides a relatively automated procedure for computing flutter boundaries directly, which avoids a trial-and-error, Butter-detection process typical of time-domain techniques. The current method is validated through comparison with independent flutter-boundary computations. Grid-sensitivity studies are carried out to assess the numerical accuracy of computed solutions. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FIMC,COMPUTAT FLUID DYNAM RES BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Beran, PS (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,ENY,2950 P ST,BLDG 640,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1165 EP 1171 DI 10.2514/2.4172 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA YF147 UT WOS:A1997YF14700016 ER PT J AU Carter, PM Heinly, TL Yates, SW Lieberman, PL AF Carter, PM Heinly, TL Yates, SW Lieberman, PL TI Asthma: The irreversible airways disease SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIONAL ALLERGOLOGY & CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE asthma; inflammation; collagen deposition; airway elastance; remodeling; FEV1; antiinflammatory medication; inhaled corticosteroids; bronchodilators ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; NEWLY DIAGNOSED ASTHMA; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS; INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS; SUBEPITHELIAL FIBROSIS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; LUNG-FUNCTION; MAST-CELLS AB Chronic inflammation of the asthmatic airway leads to epithelial desquamation, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucosal and submucosal inflammation, prominent smooth muscle, and collagen deposition below the basement membrane. The changes in the airway are attributed to chronic inflammation, the healing process and subsequent remodeling. These changes contribute to three predominant mechanisms of increased airway resistance in asthma: decreased elastance of airways; increased smooth muscle in the airway which may cause increased narrowing during bronchospasm; and collagen deposition beneath the basement membrane resulting in airway wall thickening. Destruction and subsequent remodeling of the normal bronchial architecture are manifested by a progressive decline in FEV1. In an attempt to decrease the progressive decline in FEV1, studies on proper therapy have been undertaken. Antiinflammatory medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids, have been shown to decrease this rate of decline in lung function, while the effect of bronchodilators is less conclusive. Beginning treatment with inhaled corticosteroids early produces a better clinical response compared to initiating treatment late, and early treatment may prevent airway remodeling and development of irreversible structural changes. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Internal Med, Memphis, TN USA. RP Carter, PM (reprint author), 154 Coral Court 2, Minot AFB, ND 58704 USA. OI Yates, Scott/0000-0002-5197-0686 NR 68 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU PROUS SCIENCE, SA PI BARCELONA PA PO BOX 540, PROVENZA 388, 08025 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 1018-9068 J9 J INVEST ALLERG CLIN JI J. Invest. Allergol. Clin. Immunol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 7 IS 6 BP 566 EP 571 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA YU619 UT WOS:000071736400002 PM 9491196 ER PT J AU Whitman, DH Berry, RL Green, DM AF Whitman, DH Berry, RL Green, DM TI Platelet gel: An autologous alternative to fibrin glue with applications in oral and maxillofacial surgery SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID MANDIBULAR RECONSTRUCTION; PLASMA AB The preparation and use of platelet gel, an autologous formulation of fibrin glue, are described, The unique features of this biologic sealant are that it is derived from autologous blood collected in the immediate preoperative period by the anesthesiologist, it contains a high concentration of platelets, and it can be used in patients who are not candidates for blood bank donation, Platelet gel has been used successfully in the area of reconstructive oral and maxillofacial surgery in conjunction with ablative surgery of the maxillofacial region, mandibular reconstruction, surgical repair of alveolar clefts and associated oral-antral/oral-nasal fistulas, and adjunctive procedures related to the placement of osseointegrated implants. C1 USAF,DEPT ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURG,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Whitman, DH (reprint author), DAVID GRANT MED CTR,DEPT ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURG,60 MG SGDDS,101 BODIN CIRCLE,TRAVIS AFB,CA 94535, USA. RI de la Flor, Maria/B-9212-2015 NR 19 TC 339 Z9 382 U1 2 U2 27 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 55 IS 11 BP 1294 EP 1299 DI 10.1016/S0278-2391(97)90187-7 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA YF854 UT WOS:A1997YF85400024 PM 9371122 ER PT J AU Medoff, LD McIlroy, A AF Medoff, LD McIlroy, A TI Laser-induced spark flameholding in supercritical, subsonic flow SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 01-03, 1996 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID PREMIXED GASES; IGNITION; MIXTURES AB Laser-induced spark flameholding was demonstrated, and the effect of now and optical parameters on the flameholding distance was investigated, A pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used to induce electrical breakdown in a now and ignite a methane/air gas mixture, The laser energy, pulse frequency, and methane concentration were varied, and the flameholding distance as a function of these parameters was determined, Results were then compared to calculated values, For a flow speed of approximately 110 cm/s and a laser repetition rate of 15-20 Hz, the flameholding distance, defined as the downstream distance from the spark to the position where continuous combustion is achieved, was found to be on the order of a few centimeters, Experimental results were extrapolated to determine the pulse frequencies required for flameholding at hypersonic flow speeds, The potential application of solid-state, continuous-wave lasers to spark flameholding is also considered. C1 AEROSP CORP,MECH & PROP DEPT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90009. RP Medoff, LD (reprint author), USAF,SPACE & MISSILES SYST CTR,SPACE FORCES SUPPORT BRANCH,SMC,XRT,2430 E EL SEGUNDO BLVD,EL SEGUNDO,CA 90245, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 13 IS 6 BP 721 EP 729 DI 10.2514/2.5244 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YG296 UT WOS:A1997YG29600004 ER PT J AU Tilmann, CP Huffman, RE Buter, TA Bowersox, RDW AF Tilmann, CP Huffman, RE Buter, TA Bowersox, RDW TI Experimental investigation of the flow structure near a single wraparound fin SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER INTERACTION; TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS AB The flow structure near a single wraparound fin on a wall-mounted semicylindrical model was experimentally investigated at Mach 2.8 (Re/l = 18 x 10(6) m(-1)). Detailed mean flow and turbulence measurements were obtained using conventional pressure probes and cross wire hot-film anemometry at a series of stations near the fin. Large flowfield asymmetries were observed in both mean flow and turbulence measurements aft of the shock/boundary-layer interaction, Measured turbulence intensities in the fuselage boundary layer were far greater on the concave side of the fin than on the convex side. On the convex side of the fin, the turbulence intensity levels were 30% lower than the preinteraction values, and on the concave side a 50% increase was observed. Similarly, the Reynolds shear stress levels aft of the fin bow shock decreased on the convex side of the fin while increasing dramatically on the concave side. These results are consistent with the stabilizing and destabilizing effects of pressure gradient distortion on supersonic boundary layers. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Flight Dynam Directorate, Aeromech Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Flight Dynam Directorate, Integrat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tilmann, CP (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Flight Dynam Directorate, Aeromech Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 34 IS 6 BP 729 EP 736 DI 10.2514/2.3303 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YQ067 UT WOS:000071344200006 ER PT J AU Svetec, DA Canby, ED Thompson, IM Sabanegh, ES AF Svetec, DA Canby, ED Thompson, IM Sabanegh, ES TI The effect of parenteral testosterone replacement on prostate specific antigen in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypogonadism; testosterone; impotence; prostate-specific antigen; prostatic neoplasms ID EXOGENOUS TESTOSTERONE; ADENOCARCINOMA; CANCER; VOLUME AB Purpose: Parenteral testosterone supplementation is a common treatment for erectile dysfunction in hypogonadal men. Despite its frequent use, the effect of testosterone on prostate specific antigen (PSA) in these patients has not been documented previously. In this study we determined the effect of parenteral testosterone replacement on PSA and PSA velocity in a group of men being treated for erectile dysfunction. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 48 patients (mean age 65.9) was performed and 2 study groups were identified. Group 1 consisted of 27 patients with a serum PSA level before and after initiating testosterone replacement therapy, and group 2 consisted of 27 men with a minimum of 3 PSA measurements (intervals of 6 months or greater) while on testosterone replacement. Each man had erectile dysfunction, a normal digital rectal examination and a low or low-normal total serum testosterone level before initiating therapy. Testosterone replacement was discontinued if no subjective improvement in erectile function was obtained, or if prostate adenocarcinoma was suggested by digital rectal examination or PSA. Results: The mean increase in PSA after initiating testosterone replacement was 0.29 ng./ml. representing a mean change of 37% from baseline (mean interval 12.8 months). The mean PSA velocity was 0.05 ng./ml. per year. Pretreatment testosterone level, age and testosterone dose did not independently alter the PSA during testosterone replacement. Eleven men required prostate biopsies during treatment. Biopsies were indicated for abnormal digital rectal examination in 10 men and an elevated PSA in 1. All biopsies were benign. Conclusions: Parenteral testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men with normal pretreatment digital rectal examination and serum PSA levels does not alter PSA or PSA velocity beyond established nontreatment norms. Thus, any significant increase in PSA or PSA velocity should not be attributed to testosterone replacement therapy and should be evaluated. C1 BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. RP Svetec, DA (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236, USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 158 IS 5 BP 1775 EP 1777 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64126-0 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XZ996 UT WOS:A1997XZ99600039 PM 9334599 ER PT J AU Via, D Bozada, C Cerny, C DeSalvo, G Dettmer, R Ebel, J Gillespie, J Jenkins, T Nakano, K Pettiford, C Quach, T Sewell, J AF Via, D Bozada, C Cerny, C DeSalvo, G Dettmer, R Ebel, J Gillespie, J Jenkins, T Nakano, K Pettiford, C Quach, T Sewell, J TI "Safe" solvent resist process for sub-quarter micron T-gates SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer ID FABRICATION AB With the advent of the "green" revolution, the semiconductor industry must develop alternative processes that utilize environmentally friendly products. As a first step toward this end we have demonstrated an electron beam patterned sub-quarter micron T-gate process using safe resists manufactured by Microlithography Chemical Corp. (MCC). Instead of the more conventional chlorobenzene based poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and 2-ethoxyethanol copolymer solutions, new anisole based PMMA and an ethyl lactate based copolymer are used. In addition to replacing the non-environmentally friendly resists, we sought to increase gate yield by improving the shape of the resist profile. Focused ion beam (FIB) cross-sectional analysis of 0.2 mu m T-gates fabricated using our conventional process showed metal discontinuity at the stem-to-cap transition. This was attributed to a sharp transition in the resist from the bottom layer of PMMA to the copolymer. With the safe resists we sought to grade the transition between the stem and cap to improve metal continuity. Multiple techniques were used to evaluate and characterize the safe resist process. FIB cross sectioning provided a rapid and less destructive method for resist profile inspection. In addition, metal deposition was examined prior to liftoff to view evaporation buildup. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to give comparative measures of gate length. A safe resist process for sub-quarter micron T-gate fabrication is described. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Avion Directorate, Electron Devices Div,Device Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Via, D (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Avion Directorate, Electron Devices Div,Device Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2916 EP 2920 DI 10.1116/1.589754 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100202 ER PT J AU Johnson, SP AF Johnson, SP TI Stent deformation and intimal hyperplasia complicating treatment of a post-carotid endarterectomy intimal flap with a Palmaz stent - Reply SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Letter RP Johnson, SP (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL PSRD,2200 BERGQUIST DR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 898 EP 899 DI 10.1016/S0741-5214(97)70111-3 PG 2 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YG666 UT WOS:A1997YG66600029 ER PT J AU Seetharaman, V Semiatin, SL AF Seetharaman, V Semiatin, SL TI Plastic-flow and microstructure evolution during hot deformation of a gamma titanium aluminide alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; TIAL INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SUPERPLASTIC BEHAVIOR; TENSILE PROPERTIES; AL-ALLOYS; PHASE; FRACTURE; CREEP AB The hot workability of a near gamma titanium aluminide alloy, Ti-49.5Al-2.5Nb-1.1Mn, was assessed in both the cast and the wrought conditions through a series of tension tests conducted ever a wide range of strain rates (10(-4) to 10(0) s(-1)) and temperatures (850 degrees C to 1377 degrees C). Tensile flow curves for both materials exhibited sharp peaks at low strain levels followed by pronounced necking and flow localization at high strain levels. A phenomenological analysis of the strain rate and temperature dependence of the peak stress data yielded an average value of the strain rate sensitivity equal to 0.21 and an apparent activation energy of similar to 411 kJ/mol. At low strain rates, the tensile ductility displayed a maximum at similar to 1050 degrees C to 1150 degrees C, whereas at high strain rates, a sharp transition from a brittle behavior at low temperatures to a ductile behavior at high temperatures was noticed. Dynamic recrystallization of the gamma phase was the major softening mechanism controlling the growth and coalescence of cavities and wedge cracks in specimens deformed at strain rates of 10(-4) to 10(-2) s(-1) and temperatures varying from 950 degrees C to 1250 degrees C. The dynamically recrystallized grain size followed a power-law relationship with the Zener-Hollomon parameter. Deformation at temperatures higher than 1270 degrees C led to the formation of randomly oriented alpha laths within the gamma grains at low strain levels followed by their reorientation and evolution into fibrous structures containing gamma + alpha phases, resulting in excellent ductility even at high strain rates. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLLM,DIV MET & CERAM,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Seetharaman, V (reprint author), UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC,MAT & PROC DIV,DAYTON,OH 45432, USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 46 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2309 EP 2321 DI 10.1007/s11661-997-0188-1 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YF928 UT WOS:A1997YF92800014 ER PT J AU Affleck, PJ Needleman, S AF Affleck, PJ Needleman, S TI Sevoflurane and the 885A field anesthesia machine: Clinical report SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INDUCTION; HALOTHANE AB The Ohmeda 8854 field anesthesia machine is equipped with a non-agent-specific, universal vaporizer that can be used with most volatile anesthetic agents. On a recent humanitarian medical mission to Honduras, the 885A was used to administer general anesthesia to 26 patients utilizing sevoflurane, a new inhalational anesthetic with a variety of clinical benefits, including less airway irritability, making it ideal for inhalation inductions. Flow rates for delivery of anesthetic agent mere calculated by using the enflurane portion of the Verni-Trol flow calculator wheel, because sevoflurane and enflurane have similar vapor pressures, Calculated anesthetic concentrations mere compared with measured concentrations using linear regression analysis and found to have a Pearson product moment of 0.995, We find that the use of sevoflurane in the 885A is an excellent alternative to other inhalational anesthetic agents and may have applications for use during both military conflicts and peacetime missions in remote areas. RP Affleck, PJ (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIA,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 162 IS 11 BP 762 EP 765 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YD465 UT WOS:A1997YD46500014 PM 9358725 ER PT J AU Menkes, DL ONeil, TJ Saenz, KKP AF Menkes, DL ONeil, TJ Saenz, KKP TI Fabry's disease presenting as syncope, angiokeratomas, and spoke-like cataracts in a young man: Discussion of the differential diagnosis SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GALACTOSIDASE-A GENE; ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION; RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION; RECURRENCE AB A 44-year-old male with a remote history of skin lesions and cataracts presented with subacute onset of syncope, The presentation and the differential diagnosis in this case of Fabry's disease are discussed, The pathophysiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of this disorder are discussed, with a review of the literature. Fludrocortisone acetate therapy resulted in a reduction in the patient's syncopal event frequency, Serum enzymatic assay and skin biopsy are useful in the diagnosis of Fabry's disease. We advocate a conservative approach to the oculocutaneous symptoms and suggest appropriate interventions for the renovascular and autonomic nervous system complications of this disorder. RP Menkes, DL (reprint author), USAF,DAVID GRANT MED CTR,60TH MDOS,SGOMU,101 BODIN CIRCLE,TRAVIS AFB,CA 94535, USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 162 IS 11 BP 773 EP 776 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YD465 UT WOS:A1997YD46500017 PM 9358728 ER PT J AU White, JW AF White, JW TI Therapeutic intervention on four paws SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP White, JW (reprint author), USAF,FT BRAGG,NC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 162 IS 11 BP R3 EP & PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YD465 UT WOS:A1997YD46500002 PM 9358713 ER PT J AU Rathbun, TF Rogers, SK DeSimio, MP Oxley, ME AF Rathbun, TF Rogers, SK DeSimio, MP Oxley, ME TI MLP iterative construction algorithm SO NEUROCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE neural network training; construction; Ho-Kashyap method; hidden node pruning; multi-layered perceptron ID CLASSIFICATION; NETS AB This paper presents a novel multi-layer perceptron neural network architecture selection and weight training algorithm for classification problems. The MLP iterative construction algorithm (MICA) autonomously constructs an MLP neural network as it trains. Experimental results show the algorithm achieves 100% accuracy on the training data, the same or better generalization accuracies as Backprop on the test data, while using less FLOPS. Moreover, relaxation of the hidden layer nodes improves test set recognition accuracies to be greater than that of Backprop. Furthermore, seeding the Backprop algorithm with the hidden layer weights from MICA is demonstrated. The MICA seeding improves the effectiveness of Backprop and enables Backprop to solve a new class of problems, i.e., problems with areas of low mean-squared error. C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43205. USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT MATH & STAT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Rathbun, TF (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AACS,2241 AVION CIRCLE,SUITE 19,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2312 J9 NEUROCOMPUTING JI Neurocomputing PD NOV PY 1997 VL 17 IS 3-4 BP 195 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0925-2312(97)00054-4 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA YF963 UT WOS:A1997YF96300005 ER PT J AU Bifano, CA Hubbard, GB Bifano, SL AF Bifano, CA Hubbard, GB Bifano, SL TI Preserving the posterior superior synovial recess during allograft TMJ diskal condylar transplantation in the adult goat SO ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article AB Objective. The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that sparing the posterior superior synovial recess during the resection of temporomandibular joint condyle and disk would maintain a critical mass of synovium necessary to predictably achieve a successful allograft joint reconstruction. Study design. A group of 15 adult goats underwent unilateral resection of their temporomandibular condyle and meniscus. The fossa and posterior superior synovial recess were left intact. They were immediately reconstructed with cryogenically preserved allograft mandibular condyles and temporomandibular joint disk harvested from 15 adult donor goats. The animals were evaluated clinically and radiographically at 6 and 12 months and histologically at 12 months. Results. Of the 15 animals, 13 met all the criteria to be declared a success and retained the posterior superior synovial recess. Conclusion. Immediate joint reconstruction using cryogenically preserved mandibular condyles and temporomandibular joint disk can have a high rate of success if the native posterior superior synovial recess remains intact. C1 SW FDN BIOMED RES,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. RP Bifano, CA (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL SURG,DIV CLIN INVEST,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 1079-2104 J9 ORAL SURG ORAL MED O JI Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 84 IS 5 BP 483 EP 487 DI 10.1016/S1079-2104(97)90262-6 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA YG199 UT WOS:A1997YG19900011 PM 9394378 ER PT J AU Syms, CA Syms, MJ Murphy, TP Massey, SO AF Syms, CA Syms, MJ Murphy, TP Massey, SO TI Cerebrospinal fluid fistulae in a canine model SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 18-21, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID MANAGEMENT; RHINORRHEA; DIAGNOSIS AB Various diagnostic techniques currently are used to detect the presence of a cerebrospinal fluid fistula. High resolution computerized tomography scanning with the Instillation of an intrathecal nonionic contrast medium yields the most accurate diagnostic results. Occasionally, even with optimal conditions, little information is gained other than the confirmation of the presence of a fistula. Intrathecal fluorescein can provide accurate information on the exact location of the fistula. The current study was designed to refine the clinical examination for cerebrospinal fluid fistulae with the use of intrathecal fluorescein. The canine model that we used also served as a vehicle to investigate the histopathologic effects of fluorescein on the central nervous system. We modified a commonly used xenon light source to enable examination with 490 nm light. In the canine model, this allowed accurate visualization of surgically created fistulae using very low doses of intrathecal fluorescein. An examination of the histopathologic features of the central nervous system of the canine model after acute instillation of a higher dose of fluorescein revealed microscopic changes consistent with the introduction of an irritant material. The changes induced by the chemical trauma may explain the serious neurologic sequelae sometimes seen in patients after the instillation of intrathecal fluorescein. Recommendations on the correct dosage of intrathecal fluorescein for diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid fistulae are proposed. C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,OTOLARYNGOL HEAD & NECK SURG SERV,HONOLULU,HI 96859. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 117 IS 5 BP 542 EP 546 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(97)70028-7 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA YF816 UT WOS:A1997YF81600020 PM 9374181 ER PT J AU Sriram, S Dimiduk, DM Hazzledine, PM Vasudevan, VK AF Sriram, S Dimiduk, DM Hazzledine, PM Vasudevan, VK TI The geometry and nature of pinning points of 1/2 (110] unit dislocations in binary TiAl alloys SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; UNZIPPING MODEL; DEFORMATION; STRESS; BEHAVIOR; INTERSECTIONS AB The b = 1/2[110] unit dislocations in deformed TiAl alloys exhibit a unique morphology, consisting of numerous pinning points along the dislocation line aligned roughly along the screw dislocation direction, and bowed-out segments between the pinning points. The three-dimensional arrangement of these dislocations has been characterized in detail, based on post-mortem weak-beam transmission electron microscopy observations in deformed binary Ti-50 at.% Al and Ti-52 at.% Al alloys. The bowed segments glide on parallel (111) primary planes, and the pinning points are jogs with a range of heights, up to a maximum of about 40nm. The substructure evolution is consistent with dislocation glide involving frequent double cross-slip and consequent jog formation. The dislocations experience a large glide resistance during the forward (nonconservative) motion of these jogs. Pinning of unit dislocations is an intrinsic process in these alloys and is not related to the presence of interstitial-containing precipitates in the matrix. The temperature-dependent increase: in the linear pinning point density is not very sensitive to alloy composition. An outline of a flow-stress model is presented, based on a single dislocation experiencing a spectrum of resisting forces resulting from a range of jog heights; the shorter jogs contribute to glide resistance via friction, and the taller jogs via a dipole-dragging mechanism. Estimates of the resisting force due to both these processes are shown to account reasonably well for the measured flow-stress. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLLM,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC,DAYTON,OH 45432. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP Sriram, S (reprint author), SYSTRAN CORP,4126 LINDEN AVE,DAYTON,OH 45432, USA. NR 41 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 76 IS 5 BP 965 EP 993 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA YC627 UT WOS:A1997YC62700005 ER PT J AU Mather, PT Chaffee, KP RomoUribe, A Spilman, GE Jiang, T Martin, DC AF Mather, PT Chaffee, KP RomoUribe, A Spilman, GE Jiang, T Martin, DC TI Thermally crosslinkable thermotropic copolyesters: synthesis, characterization, and processing SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE thermotropic; copolyesters; crosslinking ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; EPOXY THERMOSETS; SHEAR; FLOW; ORIENTATION; TRANSITION; COPOLYMERS; ALIGNMENT AB The synthesis, characterization, and processing of thermotropic copolymers composed of hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), hydroxynaphthoic acid (HNA), and systematically varying amounts of hydroquinone (HQ) and crosslinkable terephthalic acid (XTA) are described. The XTA monomer contains a benzocyclobutene (BCB) group that lies dormant during synthesis and initial steps of processing, but that can be thermally activated to introduce covalent crosslinking between laterally adjacent macromolecules. The XTA-containing HBA/HNA copolymers all remain thermotropically liquid crystalline, and can be processed into oriented fibres by melt spinning. Rheological characterization reveals an increase in the viscosity and transition from liquid-like to solid-like behaviour as the crosslinking proceeds. X-ray diffraction reveals the changes in local organization with increasing XTA content. The microstructures of the XTA-containing copolymers (up to 20% XTA) in the condensed state are similar to those seen in HBA/HNA copolymers. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF,PROPULS DIRECTORATE,PHILLIPS LAB,EDWARDS AFB,CA 93524. UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT CHEM,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RI Martin, David/B-1838-2008 OI Martin, David/0000-0003-1195-3838 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV PY 1997 VL 38 IS 24 BP 6009 EP 6022 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(97)00162-6 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YC404 UT WOS:A1997YC40400013 ER PT J AU Fielding, J Anderson, GK Parkinson, M Gross, L Harmon, R Frank, AL Keck, CW Tilson, HH Frank, E Davis, RM Houston, T AF Fielding, J Anderson, GK Parkinson, M Gross, L Harmon, R Frank, AL Keck, CW Tilson, HH Frank, E Davis, RM Houston, T TI Position on the agreement between the state Attorneys General and the tobacco industry SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF,WASHINGTON,DC 20330. UNITED HEALTHCARE CORP,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,TYLER,TX 75710. OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH 43266. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Fielding, J (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 112 IS 6 BP 474 EP 476 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YK134 UT WOS:A1997YK13400016 ER PT J AU Leyendecker, JR Rivera, E Washburn, WK Johnson, SP Diffin, DC Eason, JD AF Leyendecker, JR Rivera, E Washburn, WK Johnson, SP Diffin, DC Eason, JD TI MR angiography of the portal venous system: Techniques, interpretation, and clinical applications SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the Radiological-Society-of-North-America CY DEC 01-06, 1996 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Radiol Soc N Amer DE hypertension, portal; magnetic resonance (MR), vascular studies; portal vein; shunts, portosystemic ID LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; BLOOD-FLOW; DOPPLER SONOGRAPHY; GASTRIC VEIN; HYPERTENSION; CINE; PORTOGRAPHY; CIRRHOSIS; PATHWAYS; VARICES AB Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography is a noninvasive means of assessing the portal venous system that has potential advantages over currently used modalities. Time-of-flight and phase-contrast MR angiography are useful techniques that differ fundamentally in their means of data acquisition but are comparable in their ability to demonstrate normal anatomy as well as abnormalities of the portal venous system. Occasionally, artifacts caused by respiratory motion, implanted metallic devices or surgical clips, in-plane saturation, or areas of complex flow are seen at MR angiography of the portal venous system. However, most artifacts can easily be identified as such and either remedied or ignored, In addition, the suppression of signal from surrounding soft tissues may result in poor detection of parenchymal lesions. The utility of standard projection angiograms and source images can be increased through the use of intravenously administered contrast material and postprocessing techniques such as partial-volume maximum intensity projection reconstructions and shaded surface renderings. In addition to providing information on portal venous anatomy and portosystemic collateral vessels, MR angiography of the portal vein has clinical application in portal venous thrombosis and stenosis, liver transplantation, and the evaluation and planning of surgical and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT TRANSPLANTAT,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. RP Leyendecker, JR (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236, USA. RI Washburn, William/Q-5677-2016 NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1425 EP 1443 PG 19 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YG089 UT WOS:A1997YG08900011 PM 9397456 ER PT J AU Bounar, KH Cliver, EW Boriakoff, V AF Bounar, KH Cliver, EW Boriakoff, V TI A prediction of the peak sunspot number for solar cycle 23 SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AA AB We use a precursor technique based on the geomagnetic aa index during the decline (last 30%) of solar cycle 22 to predict a peak sunspot number-of 158 (+/-18) for cycle 23, under the assumption that solar minimum occurred in May 1996. This method appears to be as reliable as those that require a year of data surrounding the geomagnetic minimum, which typically follows the smoothed sunspot minimum by about six months. C1 Radex Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Bounar, KH (reprint author), Radex Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 176 IS 1 BP 211 EP 216 DI 10.1023/A:1004902905770 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YV050 UT WOS:000071784600017 ER PT J AU Anholt, R Bozada, C Desalvo, G Dettmer, R Ebel, J Gillespie, J Jenkins, T Havasy, C Ito, C Nakano, K Pettiford, C Quach, T Sewell, J Via, D AF Anholt, R Bozada, C Desalvo, G Dettmer, R Ebel, J Gillespie, J Jenkins, T Havasy, C Ito, C Nakano, K Pettiford, C Quach, T Sewell, J Via, D TI Base and collector resistances in heterojunction bipolar transistors SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID DEVICE AB In heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), the reverse base currents flow from the outer base periphery to the collector. The reverse base and collector resistances are therefore dominated by contact resistance, which is inversely proportional to the outer base and inner collector periphery lengths which are larger than the emitter lengths when the base and collector electrodes surround the emitter element. These resistances can be extracted from reverse Gummel (current vs V-bc with V-be = 0) and from measurements of output resistances at zero collector voltage sweeps. We compare models with measurements where the base and collector peripheries decrease with increasing emitter diameters. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Anholt, R (reprint author), GATEWAY MODELING INC,1604 E RIVER TERRACE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1739 EP 1743 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(97)00150-0 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA YL073 UT WOS:A1997YL07300010 ER PT J AU Supanaranond, W Suputtamongkol, Y Davis, TME Pukrittayakamee, S Teja-Isavadharm, P Webster, HK White, NJ AF Supanaranond, W Suputtamongkol, Y Davis, TME Pukrittayakamee, S Teja-Isavadharm, P Webster, HK White, NJ TI Lack of a significant adverse cardiovascular effect of combined quinine and mefloquine therapy for uncomplicated malaria SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; chemotherapy; quinine plus mefloquine; pharmacodynamics; cardiovascular effect ID FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Quinine dihydrochloride (10 mg salt/kg infused over one hour) and mefloquine (15 mg base/kg)were given simultaneously to 13 adults with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Supine and standing blood pressures were recorded and the electrocardiogram monitored. Plasma concentrations of the 2 drugs were similar to those reported previously for the 2 compounds given individually to a similar group of patients. Although postural hypotension was common (6 cases before treatment and 7 after) and the electrocardiogram QT(c) interval was prolonged by a mean of 12% (SD=8) following drug treatment, there was no evidence of a clinically significant cardiovascular pharmacodynamic interaction between these 2 structurally related antimalarial compounds. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. USAF, Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. RP White, NJ (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, 420-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RI White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012; Davis, Timothy/M-5144-2014 FU Wellcome Trust NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 91 IS 6 BP 694 EP 696 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(97)90528-9 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YQ186 UT WOS:000071357700020 PM 9509182 ER PT J AU Optenberg, SA Clark, JY Brawer, MK Thompson, IM Stein, CR Friedrichs, P AF Optenberg, SA Clark, JY Brawer, MK Thompson, IM Stein, CR Friedrichs, P TI Development of a decision-making tool to predict risk of prostate cancer: The Cancer of the Prostate Risk Index (CAPRI) test SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the American-Urological-Association CY APR 12-17, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Urolog Assoc ID DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION; REFERENCE RANGES; UNITED-STATES; ANTIGEN; MEN; CARCINOMA; DIAGNOSIS; BLACK; RACE; OLD AB Objectives. To provide a simple and reliable clinical prediction for an individual patient's overall risk of cancer at biopsy by deriving an easily implemented test based on a generalizable model. Four variables are analyzed for inclusion in the model: prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, digital rectal examination (DRE) results, race, and age. Methods. Two populations were used to develop and validate the test: a model (n = 633) and an independent, geographically separate, external population (n = 766). Pathology records for patients who underwent prostate biopsy between 1991 and 1995 were reviewed and screened for the presence of PSA and DRE results. Records where age and race could be determined were extracted. Multiple logistic regression was used with an iterative approach to optimize each test factor. The Wald chi-square test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and Hosmer-Lemingshaw test were used to evaluate the model's predictive capability in the two populations. Results. The model and external populations were significantly different for racial mix, PSA level, age, and biopsy detection rate, providing diverse populations to validate the test. Within a combined model, PSA, DRE, race, and age all demonstrated independent capability to predict cancer at biopsy. Predictive power of the overall test was high within the model population (ROC 80.8%), with minimal loss of power in the external population. The test demonstrated no significant lack of fit in either population. Conclusions. Within a combined test, PSA, DRE, race, and age all contribute significantly to prediction of prostate cancer at biopsy in an individual patient. The test depicts individual risk in an easily understood, visually provocative manner and should assist the clinician and patient in reaching a decision as to whether biopsy is appropriate. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT UROL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DEPT SURG,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. VET AFFAIRS PUGET SOUND HLTH CARE SYST,SEATTLE,WA. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT UROL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP Optenberg, SA (reprint author), USA,MED DEPT CTR & SCH,CTR HEALTHCARE EDUC & STUDIES,1608 STANLEY RD,BLDG 2268,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234, USA. OI Clark, Joseph/0000-0002-3817-4343 NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAHNERS PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 249 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD NOV PY 1997 VL 50 IS 5 BP 665 EP 672 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(97)00451-2 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA YG346 UT WOS:A1997YG34600002 PM 9372872 ER PT J AU Rosado, L Jain, VK Trivedi, HK AF Rosado, L Jain, VK Trivedi, HK TI The effect of diamond-like carbon coatings on the rolling fatigue and wear of M50 steel SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE hard coatings; diamond-like carbon; wear; rolling contact fatigue; M50 steel ID VACUUM; FILMS AB The rolling contact fatigue and wear characteristics of uncoated and diamond-like carbon coated VIM-VAR M50 bearing steel were investigated at room temperature and 177 degrees C (350 degrees F) and a Hertzian stress level of 4.8 GPa (700 ksi). The coatings were deposited via ion beam enhanced deposition and were approximately 33 nm thick. Rolling fatigue and wear tests were conducted using a ball-on-rod type tester. Results did not indicate any significant difference in the fatigue rife of coated and uncoated specimens at room temperature, at 90% confidence level. However, the coating significantly improved the fatigue life (90% confidence level) at 177 degrees C and wear resistance at both temperatures. Some correlation was noted between wear and fatigue life for the uncoated specimens at both temperatures, but none for the diamond-like carbon coated (the fatigue life was independent of wear) specimens. Scanning electron microscopy did not show any sign of coating delamination. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Wright Lab, Aero Propuls & Power Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Jain, VK (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD NOV PY 1997 VL 212 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(97)00147-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA YM263 UT WOS:000071046100001 ER PT J AU Hay, RS Welch, JR Cinibulk, MK AF Hay, RS Welch, JR Cinibulk, MK TI TEM specimen preparation and characterization of ceramic coatings on fiber tows SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE coatings; fibers; transmission electron microscopy; characterization ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY AB A method for making transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimens of ceramic fibers is described. The specimens are particularly well suited for observation of ceramic coatings on a large number of filaments. The technique is also useful for preparation of extremely flat SEM specimens with good edge retention. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, MLLN, Bldg 655, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hayrs@ml.wl.upatb.at.mil NR 14 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 389 EP 392 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00673-1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400071 ER PT J AU Walck, SD McCaffrey, JP AF Walck, SD McCaffrey, JP TI The small angle cleavage technique applied to coatings and thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE transmission electron microscopy; small angle cleavage technique; cross-sectional TEM; characterization ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB Sample preparation for cross-sectional examination of coatings and thin films by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is the most critical step of this characterization technique. Without a sufficiently thin sample with a minimum of artifacts, some of the high-resolution imaging and analytical techniques available in the modern analytical TEM cannot be utilized. Frequently, the cross-sectional TEM (XTEM) sample preparation step requires special instrumentation, extensive technical skills, and long lead times. The small angle cleavage technique (SACT) has been successfully applied to various semiconductor materials. It has the advantage of being a very fast, inexpensive, and easy technique for XTEM sample preparation. In addition, it produces a sample with very clean surfaces without ion milling. In this paper, the technique will be briefly described. The technique can be easily accommodated into any specimen preparation laboratory. Results for single-layered and multi-layered coatings and thin films deposited on semiconductor and non-semiconductor substrates including Si, GaAs, sapphire, quartz, SiC, and glass are shown to illustrate the flexibility of the technique. The technique does not always work. Examples of materials systems in which it was not possible to make a suitable sample are given, and the reasons for the failure are discussed. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Walck, SD (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00594-4 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400073 ER PT J AU Kad, BK Hazzledine, PM AF Kad, BK Hazzledine, PM TI Monte Carlo simulations of grain growth and Zener pinning SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Evolution in Bulk Phases CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc DE grain growth; shaped particles; Zener pinning ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; PARTICLES; KINETICS; DRAG AB This paper describes computer simulations of Zener pinning in two and three dimensional grain growth, in the presence of dispersions of shaped particles. The two dimensional simulations are embedded on square or hexagonal lattices of 2000 x 2000 Potts elements. In these simulations, if they are large enough, the grain growth exponent is n = 0.38 for the initial growth and stagnation occurs at a grain size which is proportional to the particle size and proportional to f(-1/2) where f is the area fraction of particles. In three dimensions the simulations are embedded on simple or face-centered cubic lattices with up to 235 x 235 x 235 Potts elements. In these simulations, the kinetics are similar to those in two dimensions (n = 0.38) and the stagnant grain size is proportional to f(-1/3). The stagnant grain shape does not depend strongly on the particle shape (sphere, needle or plate), but the grain size exhibits a mild dependence on the precipitate shape. However, these three dimensional simulations are often not big enough to give reliable results and, in particular, they violate the principle that the grain size should be proportional to the particle size. This problem becomes more acute as the volume fraction of particles decreases. The ranges of allowable volume fractions and particle sizes in a simulation of given size are discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLLN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Kad, BK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT APPL MECH & ENGN SCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 17 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 30 PY 1997 VL 238 IS 1 BP 70 EP 77 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00435-8 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YF946 UT WOS:A1997YF94600009 ER PT J AU Singh, NB Narayanan, R Zhao, AX Balakrishna, V Hopkins, RH Suhre, DR Fernelius, NC Hopkins, FK Zelmon, DE AF Singh, NB Narayanan, R Zhao, AX Balakrishna, V Hopkins, RH Suhre, DR Fernelius, NC Hopkins, FK Zelmon, DE TI Bridgman growth of GaSe crystals for nonlinear optical applications SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter DE Bridgman crystal growth; GaSe crystals; nonlinear optical crystals ID SELENIDE CRYSTALS AB We have grown and fabricated single crystals of gallium selenide for nonlinear optical applications in the mid-infrared wavelength region. A numerical method involving the finite volume technique was used to optimize the crystal growth furnace configuration. Crystals were grown using the liquid encapsulated Bridgman method in a vertical geometry. The modified crystals grown in the optimized furnace temperature profile showed a second harmonic conversion coefficient (d) which was higher than that of pure GaSe crystals. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Northrop Grumman Corp, Ctr Sci & Technol, ESSD, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Singh, NB (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Corp, Ctr Sci & Technol, ESSD, 1350 Beulah Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. NR 5 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD OCT 24 PY 1997 VL 49 IS 3 BP 243 EP 246 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(97)00137-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YP371 UT WOS:000071270200012 ER PT J AU Beebe, HG Dawson, DL Cutler, BS Herd, JA Strandness, DE Forbes, WP Heckman, JD AF Beebe, HG Dawson, DL Cutler, BS Herd, JA Strandness, DE Forbes, WP Heckman, JD TI Cilostazol, a new treatment for intermittent claudication: Results of a randomized, multicenter trial SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 JOBST VASC CTR,TOLEDO,OH. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,WORCESTER,MA 01605. METHODIST HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. OTSUKA AMER PHARMACEUT INC,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 8 SU S BP 66 EP 66 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YC880 UT WOS:A1997YC88000066 ER PT J AU Lopez, B Danchi, WC Bester, M Hale, DDS Lipman, EA Monnier, JD Tuthill, PG Townes, CH Degiacomi, CG Geballe, TR Greenhill, LJ Cruzalebes, P Lefevre, J Mekarnia, D Mattei, JA Nishimoto, D Kervin, PW AF Lopez, B Danchi, WC Bester, M Hale, DDS Lipman, EA Monnier, JD Tuthill, PG Townes, CH Degiacomi, CG Geballe, TR Greenhill, LJ Cruzalebes, P Lefevre, J Mekarnia, D Mattei, JA Nishimoto, D Kervin, PW TI Nonspherical structures and temporal variations in the dust shell of o ceti observed with a long baseline interferometer at 11 microns SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared, stars; stars, individual (o Ceti); stars, mass loss; stars, variables, long-period variables; techniques, interferometric ID CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; SPATIAL INTERFEROMETRY; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PERIOD VARIABLES; MIRA VARIABLES; ALPHA-ORIONIS; EVOLVED STARS; MASS-LOSS; EMISSION; TEMPERATURE AB Visibility observations at 11 mu m of o Ceti have been made with the University of California (Berkeley) Infrared Spatial Interferometer during the time period 1988-1995. The observed visibilities change dra matically from one epoch to another and are not consistent with simple heating or cooling of the dust with change in luminosity as a function of stellar phase. Instead, large temporal variations in the density of dust within a few stellar radii of the photosphere of o Ceti have occurred. Spherically symmetric models of the dust distribution with two dust shells, one within three stellar radii of the photosphere of the star, the other approximately 10 stellar radii from the star, can account reasonably well for the observed changes. Four types of axially symmetric radiative transfer models were also compared with the data-a spherical shell with an ellipsoidal inner cavity, a disk, a spherical shell. with one or two inhomogeneities or clumps, and a set of thin partial shells with a fixed distance between them. Of the four models, only the one with the ellipsoidal inner cavity is excluded. The data were best-fitted with the last two models, which emphasize inhomogeneities or clumps. To fit the observed temporal changes in the visibility data, all models must include a change in the density-increasing and decreasing-of dust close to the photosphere of the star. The axially symmetric models had clumps placed at distances from the star in agreement with distances of the spherical models. Good fits to the observed broadband spectrum of the star were also obtained with these models. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SPACE SCI LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV COLOGNE,INST PHYS 1,KOSMA,D-50937 COLOGNE,GERMANY. UNITED KINGDOM INFRARED TELESCOPE,HILO,HI 96720. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. AMER ASSOC VARIABLE STAR OBSERVERS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. ROCKWELL POWER SYST CO,KIHEI,HI 96753. USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIHEI,HI 96753. RI Lipman, Everett/D-1696-2009 NR 48 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 488 IS 2 BP 807 EP 826 DI 10.1086/304719 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YB992 UT WOS:A1997YB99200030 ER PT J AU Tsukruk, VV Bliznyuk, VN Visser, D Campbell, AL Bunning, TJ Adams, WW AF Tsukruk, VV Bliznyuk, VN Visser, D Campbell, AL Bunning, TJ Adams, WW TI Electrostatic deposition of polyionic monolayers on charged surfaces SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; X-RAY; PROBE MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILM; ADSORPTION; POLYMERS; KINETICS; MULTILAYERS; DENDRIMERS AB We explored molecular films of polyionic materials built by electrostatic deposition on a charged surface. Formation of self-assembled monolayers is monitored for poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) adsorbed on charged surfaces of amine-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and poly(allylamine) In both cases, polyions are adsorbed on oppositely-charged surfaces. Observations of PSS monolayers at various stages of electrostatic deposition reveal inhomogeneous self-assembly at the earliest stages of deposition. During the first several minutes of deposition, negatively-charged PSS macromolecules tend to adsorb on selected defect sites of positively-charged SAM (scratches, microparticles, and edges) and form islands composed of PSS coils. At this stage, electrostatic adsorption of PSS chains is predominant and equilibration of the surface structure is not achieved by the slow surface diffusion mechanism. Only longer deposition times (>10 min) result in an equilibration of polymer layers and formation of a homogeneous thin PSS layer composed of highly flattened macromolecular chains. The monolayer thickness is between 1.0 and 1.5 nm, with a microroughness of about 0.2 nm. Self-assembly of a second PAA layer on top of a PSS monolayer follows similar tendencies, resulting in the formation of homogeneous PAA/PSS bilayers with an overall thickness of 1.7-2.5 nm. C1 WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLPJ,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIV,COLL ENGN & APPL SCI,KALAMAZOO,MI 49008, USA. RI Adams, Wade/A-7305-2010 NR 69 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 20 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 21 BP 6615 EP 6625 DI 10.1021/ma961897g PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YD345 UT WOS:A1997YD34500031 ER PT J AU Bunker, CE Rollins, HW Gord, JR Sun, YP AF Bunker, CE Rollins, HW Gord, JR Sun, YP TI Efficient photodimerization reaction of anthracene in supercritical carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIELS-ALDER REACTION; DIMERIZATION EQUILIBRIUM; SOLVENT-SOLUTE; FLUIDS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; 2-METHYL-2-NITROSOPROPANE; TRIFLUOROMETHANE; LIQUID AB The photodimerization reaction of anthracene in supercritical CO2 was studied systematically at different CO2 densities. Unlike in normal liquid solvents, the reaction in supercritical CO2 is significant even at anthracene concentrations as low as a few micromolar. At comparable anthracene concentrations, the photodimerization reaction is 1 order of magnitude more efficient in CO2 than in normal liquid solvents. The dramatic increases in the photodimerization reaction efficiency in supercritical CO2 may be explained by a mechanism in which the reaction is diffusion-controlled even when the diffusion rate constants are on the order of 10(11) M-1 s(-1). The results also show that the efficient photodimerization reaction of anthracene is hardly affected by the local density augmentation (or solute-solvent clustering)in supercritical CO2. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,HOWARD L HUNTER CHEM LAB,DEPT CHEM,CLEMSON,SC 29634. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AERO PROPULS & POWER DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RI Rollins, Harry/B-6327-2017 OI Rollins, Harry/0000-0002-3926-7445 NR 48 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD OCT 17 PY 1997 VL 62 IS 21 BP 7324 EP 7329 DI 10.1021/jo970889a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA YC657 UT WOS:A1997YC65700051 ER PT J AU Liu, ZL Ohtake, H Sarukura, N Dubinskii, MA Semashko, VV Naumov, AK Korableva, SL Abdulsabirov, RY AF Liu, ZL Ohtake, H Sarukura, N Dubinskii, MA Semashko, VV Naumov, AK Korableva, SL Abdulsabirov, RY TI Subnanosecond tunable ultraviolet pulse generation from a low-Q, short-cavity Ce:LiCAF laser SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 2-LETTERS LA English DT Article DE all-solid-state; tunable; ultraviolet; short-pulse; low-Q; short-cavity ID SOLID-STATE LASER; TRAIN GENERATION AB We have developed an all-solid-state tunable ultraviolet laser system employing recently developed Ce:LiCAF, a new degradation-free tunable ultraviolet laser medium pumped hg the fourth harmonic of a conventional Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The low-Q, short-cavity Ce:LiCAF laser produced satellite-free subnanosecond pulses ina tuning range of 281 nm to 297 nm under appropriate pumping-fluence control. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. KAZAN VI LENIN STATE UNIV,KAZAN 420008,RUSSIA. RP Liu, ZL (reprint author), INST MOL SCI,OKAZAKI,AICHI 444,JAPAN. RI Sarukura, Nobuhiko/F-3276-2015; Korableva, Stella/L-7304-2015; Semashko, Vadim/P-8360-2015; Naumov, Alexander/A-1581-2014 OI Sarukura, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-2353-645X; Korableva, Stella/0000-0002-8469-2512; Naumov, Alexander/0000-0003-2421-7602 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO 105, JAPAN J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 2 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2 - Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 10B BP L1384 EP L1386 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YE921 UT WOS:A1997YE92100009 ER PT J AU Zabinski, JS Corneille, J Prasad, SV McDevitt, NT Bultman, JB AF Zabinski, JS Corneille, J Prasad, SV McDevitt, NT Bultman, JB TI Lubricious zinc oxide films: synthesis, characterization and tribological behaviour SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANION VACANCIES; RUTILE TIO2-X AB Solid lubricants that are effective over an extreme range of operating temperatures are necessary for the development of new generation high-performance gas turbine engines with increased propulsion capability. While oxides have the potential to perform as high-temperature lubricants, they typically have high friction and create abrasive wear debris at low temperature. The objective of this work was to create oxides that have good tribological properties at room temperature through control of microstructure and stoichiometry. Zinc oxide films were grown by pulsed-laser deposition. The stoichiometry and microstructure of the films were controlled by adjusting substrate temperature and oxygen partial pressure during pulsed-laser deposition. Chemistry and microstructure were probed using SEM, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Friction coefficients and wear life were measured using a ball-on-flat tribometer. The degree of similarity of the coatings to bulk ZnO was RT, vac < RT, O-2 < 300 degrees C, vac < 300 degrees C, O-2 Coatings with oxygen deficiency and nanoscale structure have low friction (i.e. mu < 0.2) and long wear lives (i.e., greater than 10(6) cycles) at room temperature. As the chemistry and crystal structure of a coating approaches that of bulk ZnO, its tribological properties degrade and can become load/speed sensitive. An important result of this study is that oxides can be made to provide good tribological properties at room temperature. Thus, there is significant potential to produce low-friction, low-wear oxide coatings for wide-temperature range applications by controlling nanostructure and oxygen vacancies. C1 RAMSPEC RES,DAYTON,OH 45431. UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Zabinski, JS (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLBT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 32 IS 20 BP 5313 EP 5319 DI 10.1023/A:1018614811131 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YD608 UT WOS:A1997YD60800003 ER PT J AU Xu, GY Salvador, A Kim, W Fan, Z Lu, C Tang, H Morkoc, H Smith, G Estes, M Goldenberg, B Yang, W Krishnankutty, S AF Xu, GY Salvador, A Kim, W Fan, Z Lu, C Tang, H Morkoc, H Smith, G Estes, M Goldenberg, B Yang, W Krishnankutty, S TI High speed, low noise ultraviolet photodetectors based on GaN p-i-n and AlGaN(p)-GaN(i)-GaN(n) structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We have investigated the spectral response of front-surface-illuminated GaN and AlGaN/GaN p-i-n ultraviolet photodetectors prepared by reactive molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates. GaN homojunction p-i-n photodiodes exhibited a peaked response near the band edge. This enhanced response was absent in the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction p-i-n detectors. We analyzed the effect of p-layer thickness of the GaN p-i-n diodes an the magnitude of the peak photoresponse. The AlGaN/GaN photodiodes had a maximum zero-bias responsivity of 0.12 A/W at 364 nm, which decreased by more than 3 orders of magnitude for wavelengths longer than 390 nm. A reverse bias of -10 V raised the responsivity to 0.15 A/W without any significant increase in noise. The root-mean-square noise current in a 1 Hz bandwidth is similar to 1.0 pA, corresponding to a noise-equivalent-power of similar to 8.3 pW. We measured extremely fast decay times of 12 ns for the AlGaN/GaN and 29 ns for the GaN photodiodes. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COORDINATED SCI LAB,URBANA,IL 61801. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. HONEYWELL TECHNOL CTR,PLYMOUTH,MN 55441. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,MAT RES LAB,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 11 TC 165 Z9 185 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 13 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 15 BP 2154 EP 2156 DI 10.1063/1.119366 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YA209 UT WOS:A1997YA20900032 ER PT J AU Misra, A Berry, RJ Marshall, P AF Misra, A Berry, RJ Marshall, P TI Potential energy surfaces for the reaction of O atoms with CH3I: Implications for thermochemistry and kinetics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-SPECTRA; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; IODINE; HEAT AB The geometries of IO, HClO, ICH2O, CH3IO, CH3OI, CH2IOH, and ICH2OH have been obtained at the HF and MP2(FU)/6-31G(d) levels of ab initio theory, and the HF/6-31G(d) frequencies are compared with experimental assignments where these are available. The Gaussian-2 method was used to provide thermochemical data for use in atmospheric and combustion modeling. Transition states that connect these species have also been characterized, and the results were used to develop the singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces for the reaction O(P-3) + CH3I. These surfaces explain the complex behavior of this reaction, and a QRRK analysis over 200-2000 K gave good accord with recent kinetic and product studies by Gilles ct al, [J. Phys, Chem. 1996, 100, 14005], IO is predicted to be the dominant product below about 2000 K, Other likely; products are OH and the collisionally stabilized adducts CH3IO and ICH2OH, and the latter's fragmentation products that include H and HI. C1 UNIV N TEXAS,DEPT CHEM,DENTON,TX 76203. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,CTR COMPUTAT MODELING NONSTRUCT MAT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 2 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 40 BP 7420 EP 7425 DI 10.1021/jp971337z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XZ201 UT WOS:A1997XZ20100018 ER PT J AU Sponable, J Dumbacher, D Shell, D AF Sponable, J Dumbacher, D Shell, D TI The legacy of Clipper Graham SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Article RP Sponable, J (reprint author), USAF,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 35 IS 10 BP 26 EP 31 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YB170 UT WOS:A1997YB17000009 ER PT J AU McDonnell, J AF McDonnell, J TI Untitled SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Letter RP McDonnell, J (reprint author), USAF,WEAP SCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 35 IS 10 BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YB170 UT WOS:A1997YB17000013 ER PT J AU Poggie, J Smits, AJ AF Poggie, J Smits, AJ TI Wavelet analysis of wall-pressure fluctuations in a supersonic blunt-fin flow SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER; INDUCED SHOCK-WAVE AB Measurements of wall-pressure fluctuations in a Mach 3 flow over a blunt fin were analyzed with the continuous wavelet transform. This technique offers a fresh approach to the problem of inferring flow structure from the wall-pressure signal. The time scales associated with large-scale structures in the how turbulence and with shock crossing events are identified as distinct local maxima in the distribution of energy over the wavelet scales. By using the extrema in the wavelet spectrum as a reference, the signal can be filtered in the space of wavelet scales to separate the contribution to the pressure fluctuations of flow turbulence and separation shock motion. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT MECH & AEROSP ENGN,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,WRIGHT LAB,AEROMECH DIV,AERODYNAM COMPONENTS RES BRANCH,2645 5TH ST,SUITE 7,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. RI Smits, Alexander/B-4083-2016 OI Smits, Alexander/0000-0002-3883-8648 NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1597 EP 1603 DI 10.2514/2.18 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XZ320 UT WOS:A1997XZ32000006 ER PT J AU Andrews, TC Whitney, EJ Green, G Kalenian, R Personius, BE AF Andrews, TC Whitney, EJ Green, G Kalenian, R Personius, BE TI Effect of gemfibrozil +/- niacin +/- cholestyramine on endothelial function in patients with serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels <160 mg/dl and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels <40 mg/dl SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT CORONARY VASOMOTION; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; VASCULAR RELAXATION; SYSTEMIC ARTERIES; LOWERING THERAPY; NITRIC-OXIDE; DILATION; CHILDREN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; IMPAIRMENT AB We studied endothelial function using the brachial artery ultrasound model in 100 subjects from the Armed Forces Regression Study, a placebo-controlled, angiographic regression trial in subjects with normal or modestly elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol treated for 30 months with gemfibrozil and (if necessary) niacin and/or cholestyramine to raise HDL by 25% and lower LDL to <110 mg/dl. Although the treatment group had highly significant improvements in LDL and HDL cholesterol, there was no difference between the 2 groups in flow-mediated dilation (treatment vs control 6.9 +/- 6.5% vs 6.3 +/- 7.3%) or nitroglycerin-induced dilation (12.4 +/- 9.6% vs 11.9 +/- 7.4%, all p = NS). Treatment and control subjects without a history of hypertension had flow-mediated dilation similar to that of a normal reference population (10.6 +/- 8.3% vs 8.4 +/- 4.5%), whereas subjects with a history of systemic hypertension Rad markedly impaired flow-mediated dilation that was not significantly improved with treatment (treatment vs control, 6.0 +/- 5.5% vs 4.3 +/- 5.9%, p = 0.2). Thus, nonhypertensive subjects with angiographic coronary disease and low HDL cholesterol had normal endothelial function in the brachial artery model. Patients with a history of hypertension had marked endothelial dysfunction despite blood pressure treated to normal levels, and this dysfunction is not attenuated by pharmacologic therapy for dyslipidemia. (C) 1997 by Excerpta Medico, Inc. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT CARDIOL,DIV MED,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. INST HEART & VASC,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 16 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 80 IS 7 BP 831 EP 835 DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00531-6 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XZ300 UT WOS:A1997XZ30000002 PM 9381993 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F AF Szmulowicz, F TI New eigenvalue equation for the Kronig-Penney problem SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The Kronig-Penney equation (KPE) has long been used as a pedagogic tool for explaining the formation of energy bands in a periodic potential in the form of a one-dimensional periodic array of square wells. However, the KPE does not readily reduce to the solution for an isolated square well in the limit of a large well-to-well separation. Moreover, the solutions at the center and the edge of the Brillouin zone are also not readily obtainable from the KPE. Computationally, the KPE can be inconvenient as it can vary over tens of orders of magnitude as the energy is increased from the bottom to the top of the well. In this paper, a new technique is developed for solving the Kronig-Penney problem and an alternative to the KPE is developed. The new eigenvalue equation has the conceptual advantage of immediately reducing to the equation for an isolated square well in the limit of infinite barrier width and of immediately providing the equation for the top and bottom of a band as well as the computational advantage of being on the order of unity. (C) 1997 American Association of Physics Teachers. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLPO,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 65 IS 10 BP 1009 EP 1014 DI 10.1119/1.18695 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA XY994 UT WOS:A1997XY99400019 ER PT J AU Leyendecker, JR Johnson, SP Diffin, DC Elsass, K Bifano, SL AF Leyendecker, JR Johnson, SP Diffin, DC Elsass, K Bifano, SL TI Time-of-flight MR arteriography of below-knee arteries with maximum-intensity-projection reconstruction: Is interpretation of the axial source images helpful? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Roentgen-Ray-Society CY MAY, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Roentgen Ray Soc ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; LOWER-EXTREMITY; OCCLUSIVE DISEASE; RUNOFF VESSELS; CONVENTIONAL ARTERIOGRAPHY; ACCURACY AB OBJECTIVE. We evaluated the extent to which detailed review of axial source images enhances the interpretation of projectional reconstructions of two-dimensional time-of-flight MR arteriograms of the tibial vessels. SUBJECTS AND METHODS, Thirty-one patients (34 limbs) with limb-threatening ischemia underwent two-dimensional time-of-flight imaging and contrast-enhanced angiography of the below-knee arteries. Maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) reconstructions of the MR arteriograms were independently interpreted by three observers, The studies were then reinterpreted after detailed review of the axial source images, A consensus reading of each study was performed as well. The observers commented on the patency of 816 vascular segments and graded the extent of disease for 272 vessels. Interobserver agreement and correlation with contrast-enhanced angiography were determined. RESULTS. On average, the addition of axial images altered the observers' interpretation of MR arteriograms in 13% of segments for patency and in 18% of vessels for grading of disease severity. For determining the patency of vascular segments, mean interobserver agreement was 0.79 without and 0.80 with axial image interpretation, and mean agreement with contrast-enhanced angiography improved from 0.69 to 0.72 with the addition of axial images. When evaluating the extent of disease, correlation between observers improved for all combinations of observers with the addition of axial images, and correlation with contrast-enhanced angiography improved for two of three observers. Based on the consensus interpretation of the MR angiograms, review of axial images was found to improve agreement with contrast-enhanced angiography in 34 vascular segments. In addition, axial image review correctly altered the number of stenoses identified in 12 vessels. When consensus interpretation identified a vessel as patent without significant stenosis on the MIP images, the MIP-based interpretation was found to be correct in all cases. CONCLUSION, Review of axial source images provides limited benefit to interpretation of MR arteriograms of the distal lower extremity in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Although selective review of axial source images may be appropriate, axial images can improve interpretation when MIP images are complicated by the presence of patient motion, difficult anatomy, or artifacts, Axial image review may also be appropriate when a significant stenosis is identified on the MIP images. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. RP Leyendecker, JR (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,PSRD,2200 BERGQUIST DR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 169 IS 4 BP 1145 EP 1149 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XW981 UT WOS:A1997XW98100042 PM 9308479 ER PT J AU Ross, PL Belgrader, P AF Ross, PL Belgrader, P TI Analysis of short tandem repeat polymorphisms in human DNA by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; REACTION-PRODUCTS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; LOCUS; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; PURIFICATION; MARKERS; BEADS AB The analysis of an important class of human genetic polymorphisms, short tandem repeats (STRs), using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) is described. Several model STR systems have been investigated to evaluate MALDI-TOFMS as a realistic alternative to established electrophoresis procedures, and to develop rapid and generally applicable approaches to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product purification for MALDI-TOFMS analysis. A purification/preconcentration method for PCR product preparation based on affinity capture of biotin-labeled PCR products is demonstrated to be directly compatible with MALDI-TOFMS analysis. The entire sample preparation for MALDI-TOFMS analysis immediately following PCR amplification from human DNA extracts can be accomplished routinely in under 12 min in a single Eppendorf tube. The simplicity of this approach essentially eliminates the sample preparation bottleneck encountered with MALDI-TOFMS analysis of PCR products using exiting methods. Using this method, encouraging genotyping results are demonstrated for the THO1 and TPOxx STR systems using subpicomole quantities that represent a fraction of the original dsDNA from a single PCR reaction. The technique is also demonstrated to facilitate rapid sizing of PCR fragments larger than 200 bases using MALDI-TOFMS. As described here, the analysis of DNA can be accomplished in a manner that takes advantage of the rapid and accurate analysis capabilities offered by MALDI-TOFMS. RP Ross, PL (reprint author), USAF,INST PATHOL,CTR MED & MOL GENET,ADV DNA TECHNOL DEV BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 42 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 19 BP 3966 EP 3972 DI 10.1021/ac970312t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XX933 UT WOS:A1997XX93300021 PM 9322432 ER PT J AU Waisel, DB Truog, RD AF Waisel, DB Truog, RD TI Informed consent SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE biomedical ethics; decision-making capacity; informed consent; patient-physician relationship ID HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS; OF-VETERANS-AFFAIRS; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; ANESTHETIC VISIT; WITNESS PATIENT; PHYSICIANS; ATTITUDES; KNOWLEDGE C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR, DEPT ANESTHESIOL, LACKLAND AFB, TX 78236 USA. HARVARD UNIV, CHILDRENS HOSP, SCH MED, DEPT ANESTHESIOL, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. OI Waisel, David/0000-0002-5307-4092 NR 55 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-3022 EI 1528-1175 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 87 IS 4 BP 968 EP 978 DI 10.1097/00000542-199710000-00033 PG 11 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA YD117 UT WOS:A1997YD11700033 PM 9357901 ER PT J AU Ascher, DP Lucy, MD AF Ascher, DP Lucy, MD TI Indinavir sulfate renal toxicity in a pediatric hemophiliac with HIV infection SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE indinavir; hemophilia; human immunodeficiency virus AB OBJECTIVE: To report a case of renal toxicity associated with administration of indinavir sulfate in a pediatric hemophiliac with HN infection. CASE SUMMARY: A 16-year-old white hemophiliac boy with HIV infection secondary to tainted coagulation factor VIII was treated with indinavir sulfate. re patient developed gross hematuria, proteinuria pyuria, abdominal pain, increased bilirubin, an elevated serum creatinine (SCr) of 1.2 mg/dL (baseline 0.9-1.0), and symptoms of renal colic within 1 month of starting indinavir sulfate therapy, Approximately 2 months later the patient developed a low-grade fever with a further increase in SCr, He was prescribed a 10-day course of cefpodoxime proxetil for a possible urinary tract infection, One week later, the patient developed fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, sterile pyuria, nasal congestion, and an elevated SCr of 1.3-1.7 mg/dL. lndinavir sulfate and cefpodoxime proxetil were discontinued and the patient was suspected of having tubulointerstitial nephritis secondary to indinavir sulfate. The patient's nephritis resolved and the SCr decreased to 1.1 mg/dL within I month of discontinuing indinavir sulfate. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates the potential for renal toxicity with the use of indinavir sulfate in HIV-infected hemophiliacs. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT CLIN PHARM,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. RP Ascher, DP (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,2200 BERGQUIST DR,STE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1146 EP 1149 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YA808 UT WOS:A1997YA80800005 PM 9337438 ER PT J AU Voge, VM King, RE AF Voge, VM King, RE TI Interpersonal relationship and prisoner of war concerns of rated military male and female aircrew SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AIR-FORCE AB Background: The issue of women flying military aircraft in a combat role has been very controversial. Hypothesis: To succeed, female military aircrew are very similar to their male peers. Method: We conducted. a comprehensive anonymous questionnaire survey of all U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force rated female aircrew, with an equal number of age and duty matched male aircrew. We are reporting on the interpersonal relationship and prisoner of war (P.O.W.) responses here. Results: Male and female aircrew respond in a similar manner to posed questions, although differences do exist. Women reported: unequal treatment by opposite gender peers; problems relating to peers, superiors and subordinates; their gender influences assignments; the need to perform to higher standards and the need to work harder to be accepted as equals; ability to bond equally to their own and opposite gender peers; improved squadron cohesiveness in mixed gender squadrons; problems with peers' spouses;and, in a P.O.W. situation, fear of rape and sexual abuse. Men reported: women get inappropriate privileges and get special ''breaks''; a gender difference in how flight duties are performed; worsened squadron cohesiveness in mixed gender squadrons; less likeliness to recommend their career path to their daughters; and a higher concern for welfare of families in a P.O.W. situation. Conclusions: Although responding in a similar manner to most questions, male and female military aircrew differ in the perception of their ability to function in mixed squadrons because of their gender. Some of these perceptions can be modified through training, others may need to be resolved through high level orders/policy; while in others, the military may have to accept women are different from men in some aspects. C1 USN,SCH HLTH SCI,SAN DIEGO DETACHMENT,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX. ARMSTRONG LAB,DIV CLIN SCI,AEROSP MED DIRECTORATE,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 68 IS 10 BP 879 EP 885 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA XZ319 UT WOS:A1997XZ31900001 PM 9327111 ER PT J AU Ramsey, CS McGlohn, SE AF Ramsey, CS McGlohn, SE TI Zolpidem as a fatigue countermeasure SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRIAZOLAM; SLEEP; PERFORMANCE; INSOMNIA; PLACEBO; MEMORY; ABUSE; MG AB Background: In light of greater emphasis on global reach, fatigue has a real potential to negatively impact the U.S. Air Force (USAF) mission. Sustained operations and extended air missions will become ever more common and critical in a smaller USAF and human performance may be the most important limiting factor in the effectiveness of advanced weapons systems. Pharmaceuticals may be considered for fatigue countermeasures. Methods: A literature review was conducted to examine the potential of zolpidem as a pharmaceutical countermeasure against fatigue in USAF operations. Results: Zolpidem is a hypnotic which appears to cause less global impairment than benzodiazepines during peak effect, and is free of persistent performance decrement or hangover effect. Few adverse effects have been reported. Several studies suggest a benefit of effective sleep produced by hypnotics on next day performance compared with sleep of questionable quality using no medication. Conclusion: The USAF should conduct further investigation into the potential safety and efficacy of zolpidem during sustained operations and extended air operations. C1 USAF,SCH AEROSP MED,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 68 IS 10 BP 926 EP 931 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA XZ319 UT WOS:A1997XZ31900009 PM 9327119 ER PT J AU Popper, SE Morris, CE Briggs, J AF Popper, SE Morris, CE Briggs, J TI Human subject screening: A dynamic process SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATION AB Introduction: The history of disqualified (DQ) subjects from 1973-1993 at Armstrong Laboratory, Wright Patterson AFB, is presented for both sustained and impact acceleration panels. Methods: Candidate and subject medical records were reviewed for screening results, recommendation for panel duty, and any follow-up medical findings. The generation and interpretation of the medical screening criteria and DQ rates are discussed. Medical Screening Criteria: The mechanisms for change, those factors influencing change, and the interpretation of the screening criteria for Armstrong Laboratory's acceleration panels determine the panel's composition, which is reflected in the DQ rates. Results: The centrifuge had a 5% (7/132) disqualification (DQ) rate from 1973-93 with 29% (2/7) due to musculoskeletal and 71% (5/7) for medical reasons. All were DQ during 1973-88. The impact panel had a DQ rate of 18% (36/195) with 71% (24/34) DQ due to musculoskeletal and 29% (10/34) for medical reasons. Only 28% (10/36) were DQ during 1973-88, while during 1989-93, 72% (26/36) were DQ. Conclusions: The differences in DQ rates between the centrifuge and impact facility were due to the variability or conservatism of individual physicians, interpretation of the medical screening criteria, and the type of research being done. These factors effect the composition of the human subject panels. This determines to which target population the research data can be applied. If the subjects do not represent pilots due to inappropriate screening, then there is no benefit from the research and, therefore, there can be no risk incurred by the subjects. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,ESCAPE & IMPACT PROTECT BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH. 74TH AMDS,SGPF,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 68 IS 10 BP 939 EP 942 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA XZ319 UT WOS:A1997XZ31900011 PM 9327121 ER PT J AU Ender, PT Dolan, MJ AF Ender, PT Dolan, MJ TI Pneumonia associated with near-drowning SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID CHROMOBACTERIUM-VIOLACEUM INFECTIONS; PSEUDALLESCHERIA-BOYDII; PETRIELLIDIUM-BOYDII; PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOMALLEI; AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA; MONOSPORIUM-APIOSPERMUM; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; PULMONARY ASPIRATION AB Drowning and near-drowning can abruptly devastate the lives of both the affected victims and their families. Ln addition to the complications directly caused by the submersion, several indirect causes of morbidity exist. Infection is one of the complications associated with near-drowning, and pneumonia is the most severe of these infectious complications, The risk factors, microbiological causes, diagnostic approach, and appropriate therapy for pneumonia associated with near-drowning are not well described in the literature, Herein, we review the epidemiology and pathophysiology associated with near-drowning, discuss the potential mechanisms of infection, and describe the likely risk factors for pneumonia related to near-drowning. We also detail the microbiological causes of this entity and provide important clinical and epidemiological information associated with specific pathogens, Finally, we summarize all appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pneumonia associated with near-drowning. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT INFECT DIS,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 102 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 896 EP 907 DI 10.1086/515532 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YD935 UT WOS:A1997YD93500022 PM 9356805 ER PT J AU Bhutani, MS Dexter, D McKellar, DP Castillo, MH Gopalswamy, N Barde, CJ AF Bhutani, MS Dexter, D McKellar, DP Castillo, MH Gopalswamy, N Barde, CJ TI Intraoperative endoscopic ultrasonography in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome SO ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Article ID GASTRINOMA; TUMORS AB In a 46-year-old man with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, multiple imaging studies were negative for a primary gastrinoma, Preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) revealed a 3.3-cm mass which appeared to be in the pancreatic head. During surgery, a celiac lymph node of the size of the mass seen by EUS was found, but the pancreatic head also felt firm and was suspicious for a mass, After resection of the celiac node, intraoperative EUS revealed no mass in the pancreatic head, Based upon intraoperative EUS findings, the pancreatic head was not resected, Histologic evidence of gastrinoma was found in the celiac lymph node and a 4 to 5 mm nodule in the duodenal wall, Postoperatively serum gastrin levels returned to normal. C1 Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med,Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Program Endoscop Ultrasound Diag Study & Res, Dayton, OH 45401 USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Dayton, OH 45401 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dayton, OH USA. RP Bhutani, MS (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med,Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Program Endoscop Ultrasound Diag Study & Res, POB 927, Dayton, OH 45401 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0013-726X J9 ENDOSCOPY JI Endoscopy PD OCT PY 1997 VL 29 IS 8 BP 754 EP 756 DI 10.1055/s-2007-1004303 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA YL929 UT WOS:000071009300011 PM 9427497 ER PT J AU Guide, VDR Srivastava, R AF Guide, VDR Srivastava, R TI Repairable inventory theory: Models and applications SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE repairable inventory; modeling; optimal solutions; approximate solutions; simulation; applications; queuing; state-of-the-art review ID MULTI-ECHELON; LOW DEMAND; ITEM; SYSTEM; SPARES; POLICIES; APPROXIMATIONS; MAINTENANCE; SERVICE; REPLENISHMENT AB Repairable inventory theory involves designing inventory systems for items which are repaired and returned to use rather than discarded. Such systems are composed of items which are typically less expensive to repair than to replace, and are considerably more complicated than traditional consumables inventory systems. The typical problem is concerned with the optimal stocking of the repairable parts and the location of these stocks, given that there may be multiple locations. An added dimension to the problem is the determination of the size and location(s) of the repair capacity for these parts. Further, different performance measures may be used, such as cost, backorders, and availability. There are many complicating factors in the design of repairable inventory systems, for example, not all failed units can be repaired and put back into service, some will be condemned and have to be replaced by new procurements. Various solution approaches have been developed to solve the problem, few have been implemented in practice, and no single model has addressed all or most of the complicating factors. Recent trends in the repairable inventory environment, environmental trends and regulations, and trends in product design are calling some of the assumptions of earlier models into question. In this paper we discuss the existing body of literature on repairable inventory, examine the various models proposed and the major assumptions made in those models, and classify them according to their solution methodology, single versus multi-echelon, and exact versus approximate solutions. It is intended to aid practitioners and researches in identifying the sources for existing methods and the suitability of those to their application, as well as identify areas for additional research. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH LOGIST & ACQUISIT MANAGEMENT,DEPT GRAD LOGIST MANAGEMENT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 73 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 102 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0377-2217(97)00155-0 PG 20 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA YC677 UT WOS:A1997YC67700001 ER PT J AU Wicks, MC AF Wicks, MC TI 1997 IEEE National Radar Conference report SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Wicks, MC (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,ROME,NY 13440, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 12 IS 10 BP 11 EP 11 DI 10.1109/MAES.1997.624320 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XZ581 UT WOS:A1997XZ58100005 ER PT J AU Feinsmith, J Aylor, JH Hodson, R Courtois, B Cavallaro, JR Hines, J Pina, C Smith, M AF Feinsmith, J Aylor, JH Hodson, R Courtois, B Cavallaro, JR Hines, J Pina, C Smith, M TI What's next for microelectronics education? SO IEEE DESIGN & TEST OF COMPUTERS LA English DT Editorial Material AB With funding for services like MOSIS shrinking and industry demanding more diverse skills, the microelectronics education infrastructure-indeed that of engineering education in general-is under intense pressure to change. But change without organization and a concrete implementation plan could be disastrous. Participants from academia, government, and industry met to discuss the best way for change to take place and lust what is required to make it happen. D&T thanks participants James Aylor (University of Virginia), Joseph Cavallaro (Rice University), Bernard Courtois (CMP), Jason Feinsmith (Xilinx), Robert Hodson (Christopher Newport University), John Hines (US Air Force Wright Laboratories), Cesar Pina, (the MOSIS Service), and Michael Smith (University of Hawaii). We also thank moderator Don Bouldin (University of Tennessee), D&T associate editor Kaushik Roy (Purdue) who organized the event, and the Microelectronic Systems Education Conference, which sponsored it. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC. RICE UNIV,HOUSTON,TX 77251. UNIV HAWAII,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 0740-7475 J9 IEEE DES TEST COMPUT JI IEEE Des. Test Comput. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 14 IS 4 BP 95 EP 102 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA YG332 UT WOS:A1997YG33200015 ER PT J AU Moore, GT Koch, K Dearborn, ME AF Moore, GT Koch, K Dearborn, ME TI Gain enhancement of multistage parametric intracavity frequency conversion SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE injection seeding; optical frequency conversion; optical mixing; optical parametric oscillators; Q-switched lasers ID OSCILLATOR; GENERATION; CRYSTAL; RING AB Multistage intracavity frequency conversion in optical parametric oscillators (OPO's) call generate new frequencies efficiently over a large dynamic range of pump intensity. These frequencies can be either higher or lower than the pump frequency. High efficiency is correlated with steady states exhibiting nearly complete pump depletion (CPD). Placing a second OPO crystal with high small-signal gain in the cavity does not affect the steady states with CPD, if the pump is depleted and the idler out-coupled before these fields reach the high-gain crystal. However, the high-gain crystal promotes rapid saturation, and hence higher time-averaged efficiency in Q-switched devices. Numerical modeling of injection-seeded Q-switched devices in three spatial dimensions suggests that excellent beam quality at high peak power is obtainable. However, instabilities can occur in this modeling, and it is not known if these numerical instabilities entail instabilities in the physical devices. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,CTR ADV STUDIES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP Moore, GT (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,LIDD,LASER SYST BRANCH,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1734 EP 1742 DI 10.1109/3.631276 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA XX249 UT WOS:A1997XX24900015 ER PT J AU Koch, K Moore, GT Dearborn, ME AF Koch, K Moore, GT Dearborn, ME TI Raman oscillation with intracavity second harmonic generation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear optics; optical frequency conversion; optical mixers; optical mixing; optical propagation in nonlinear media; Raman lasers ID CRYSTALS AB We use a plane-wave analysis to examine a Raman oscillator containing an intracavity second harmonic interaction that frequency doubles the circulating first-order Stokes radiation. We find that there is an optimum ratio between the nonlinear coupling in the Raman medium and the nonlinear coupling in the frequency doubler. We also find that higher order Stokes radiation should be suppressed with the optimum choice of nonlinear coupling in the frequency doubler. We present numerical integration results that model the stimulated Raman scattering and second harmonic generation in three spatial dimensions. Quantum efficiencies as large as 48% are predicted from planewave theory and 43% are obtained from numerical integration of the equations containing transverse effects. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,CTR ADV STUDIES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP Koch, K (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,LIDD,LASER SYST BRANCH,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1743 EP 1748 DI 10.1109/3.631277 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA XX249 UT WOS:A1997XX24900016 ER PT J AU Schiller, GJ Maybeck, PS AF Schiller, GJ Maybeck, PS TI Control of a large space structure using MMAE/MMAC techniques SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The application of moving-bank multiple model adaptive estimation and control (MMAE/MMAC) algorithms to an actual space structure (Space Integrated Controls Experiment (SPICE)) being examined at Phillips Laboratory at Kirtland AFB, NM, is presented. The structure consists of a large platform and a smaller platform connected by three legs in a tripod fashion, Kalman filtering and LQG (linear system, quadratic cost, Gaussian noise) control techniques are utilized as the primary design tools for the components of the MMAE/MMAC. Implementing a bank of filters or controllers increases the robustness of the algorithms when uncertainties exist in the system model, whereas the moving bank is utilized to reduce the computational load. Several reduced-order models are developed from the truth model using modal analysis and modal cost analysis. The MMAE/MMAC design with a substantially reduced-order filter model provides an excellent method to estimate a wide range of parameter variations and to quell oscillations in the structure. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1122 EP 1131 DI 10.1109/7.624348 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA XZ476 UT WOS:A1997XZ47600004 ER PT J AU Goldstein, JS Reed, IS AF Goldstein, JS Reed, IS TI Theory of partially adaptive radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB This work extends the recently introduced cross-spectral metric for subspace selection and dimensionality reduction to partially adaptive space-time sensor array processing, A general methodology is developed for the analysis of reduced-dimension detection tests with known and unknown covariance. It is demonstrated that the cross-spectral metric results in a low-dimensional detector which provides nearly optimal performance when the noise covariance is known. It is also shown that this metric allows the dimensionality of the detector to be reduced below the dimension of the noise subspace eigenstructure without significant loss. This attribute provides robustness in the subspace selection process to achieve reduced-dimensional target detection, Finally, it is demonstrated that the cross-spectral subspace reduced-dimension detector can outperform the full-dimension detector when the noise covariance is unknown, closely approximating the performance of the matched filter. C1 USAF,ROME LAB,RL C3BA,ROME,NY 13441. RP Goldstein, JS (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT ELECT ENGN,EEB 528,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089, USA. NR 38 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1309 EP 1325 DI 10.1109/7.625132 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA XZ476 UT WOS:A1997XZ47600020 ER PT J AU Melvin, WL Frey, DR AF Melvin, WL Frey, DR TI Continuous-time to discrete-time conversion via a novel parametrized S-to-Z-plane mapping SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB A parametrized s-to-z-plane map is introduced, where the conventional bilinear map and backward and forward Euler rules appear as special cases. Time and frequency-domain characteristics of the map are discussed, along with a simple technique for applying this map to adaptively reduce truncation error in the continuous-time to discrete-time conversion problem, An example illustrates the method and its potential for yielding more accurate discrete-time models over conventional approaches. C1 LEHIGH UNIV,DEPT COMP SCI & ELECT ENGN,BETHLEHEM,PA 18015. RP Melvin, WL (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,SIGNAL PROC BRANCH,ROME,NY 13441, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1057-7130 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-II JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II-Analog Digit. Signal Process. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 44 IS 10 BP 829 EP 834 DI 10.1109/82.633441 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YA502 UT WOS:A1997YA50200005 ER PT J AU Fagin, B AF Fagin, B TI Partial resolution in branch target buffers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual International Symposium on Microarchitecture CY DEC, 1995 CL ANN ARBOR, MI DE branch prediction; branch target buffer; cache memory; computer architecture; microarchitecture ID PREDICTION AB Branch target buffers, or BTBs, are small caches for program branching information. Like data caches, addresses are divided into equivalence classes based on their low order bits. Unlike data caches, however, complete resolution of a single address from within an equivalence class is not required for correct execution. Substantial savings are therefore possible by employing partial resolution, using fewer tag bits than necessary to uniquely identify an address. We present the relationship between the number of tag bits in a branch target buffer and prediction accuracy, based on dynamic simulations of the SPECINT92 benchmark suite. For a 512 entry BTB, on average only two tag bits are necessary to obtain 99.9 percent of the accuracy obtainable with a full tag; no more than nine tag bits are required to obtain identical prediction accuracy. This suggests that microprocessors can achieve substantial area savings in their BTB tag stores by employing partial resolution. RP Fagin, B (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT COMP SCI,2354 FAIRCHILD DR,SUITE 6K41,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 0018-9340 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1142 EP 1145 DI 10.1109/12.628399 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA YB648 UT WOS:A1997YB64800009 ER PT J AU Bao, JZ Lu, ST Hurt, WD AF Bao, JZ Lu, ST Hurt, WD TI Complex dielectric measurements and analysis of brain tissues in the radio and microwave frequencies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE brain tissues; complex dielectric constant; complex nonlinear modeling; open-ended coaxial probe technique; radio and microwave frequencies ID ENDED COAXIAL-LINE; PROBE; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present in-vitro complex dielectric measurements of gray and white matter of rat brains in the frequency range between 45 MHz and 26.5 GHz at body and room temperatures using the open-ended coaxial probe technique with an HP8510B network analyzer. The measurement data exhibited two separated dispersions, and were analyzed by means of a complex nonlinear least-squares technique. We suggest two empirical models to describe the experimental data: one containing two Cole-Cole functions was applied to the data from this paper, and another including one Havriliak-Negami and one Cole-Cole function was utilized to a combination of past and present literature data in a wider frequency range from 100 kHz to 26.5 GHz. The adoption of previously published data at the frequencies below 45 MHz increases the valid frequency range of the model. C1 USA, MED RES DETACHMENT, BROOKS AFB, TX 78235 USA. ARMSTRONG LAB, BROOKS AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Bao, JZ (reprint author), MCKESSON BIOSERV, BROOKS AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1730 EP 1741 DI 10.1109/22.641720 PN 1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YA625 UT WOS:A1997YA62500009 ER PT J AU Keillor, ME Burggraf, LW AF Keillor, ME Burggraf, LW TI Detecting alpha radiation by scintillation in porous materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alpha; nanoporous; scintillation; silica AB This paper presents a study of some parameters essential to the development of a heterogeneous scintillation detector with improved alpha energy resolution and detection efficiency. Such a detector with better than 10% alpha energy resolution could provide in situ capability to identify and quantify important alpha-emitting radionuclides in dilute aqueous solutions. Nanoporous gel-silica is a potential scintillation matrix with the promise of improved energy resolution and 100% detection efficiency. Scintillating gel-silica made by a sol-gel process is under development. As a step toward realizing the system described, the dependence of alpha detection efficiency and intrinsic energy resolution in particulate and porous glass scintillation detectors is examined. The two main areas of this research are: 1) computer modeling of the geometric detection efficiency and energy dispersion in particulate and porous glass scintillation detectors and 2) experiments to test model predictions for detection of alphas in liquid-infiltrated porous glass structures. To confirm the predicted alpha energy deposition, we measured scintillation in nanoporous gel-silica infiltrated with an organic liquid scintillator. Results show that phase dimensions must be considered in constructing a heterogeneous detector for alpha spectroscopy. Nanometer-scale dimensions available in gel-silica essentially eliminate degradation of energy resolution due to energy dispersion of alpha particles within the liquid sample, while providing 100% detection efficiency. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Keillor, ME (reprint author), MCCLELLAN CENT LAB,MCCLELLAN AFB,CA 95652, USA. OI Keillor, Martin/0000-0001-7828-5868 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1741 EP 1746 DI 10.1109/23.633427 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YA225 UT WOS:A1997YA22500006 ER PT J AU Toth, CA Narayan, DG Cain, CP Noojin, GD Winter, KP Rockwell, BA Roach, WP AF Toth, CA Narayan, DG Cain, CP Noojin, GD Winter, KP Rockwell, BA Roach, WP TI Pathology of macular lesions from subnanosecond pulses of visible laser energy SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE femtosecond laser pulses; fluorescein angiography; hemorrhage; histopathology; laser injury; picosecond laser pulses; ultrashort laser pulses ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN THRESHOLDS; FIRST-ORDER MODEL; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; PICOSECOND; COMPUTATION; RADIATION; RETINA; EYE AB Purpose. To demonstrate how current theories regarding ultrashort laser pulse effects may apply to ocular tissue, a prospective clinicopathologic study of macular lesions from ultrashort laser pulses compared the pathologic effects with the clinical and fluorescein angiographic appearance of the laser lesions. Methods. Ninety-femtosecond, 3-picosecond, and 60-picosecond laser pulses, throughout a range of energies, were delivered to the retina of Macaca mulatta. Clinical examination and fluorescein angiography were pet-formed at 1 hour in all eyes and 24 hours after exposure in selected eyes. Eyes were enucleated at 1 or 24 hours after lesion placement, The structure and extent of retinal lesions were scored for comparison with the clinical findings. Results. Focal retinal pathologic appearance correlated well with a clinically visible lesion observed 24 hours after laser delivery. Retinal lesions were small foci of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal disruption, without choriocapillaris involvement. Lesions that contained focal RPE vacuoles or lifting of the RPE also demonstrated leakage, in fluorescein angiographic studies. Suprathreshold laser delivery frequently caused focal columns of retinal injury and intraretinal hemorrhages from retinal vessel bleeding, with no rupture of choroidal blood vessels. Conclusions. The retinal response to ultrashort laser pulses at moderate energy followed a pattern of focal damage from laser-induced breakdown without significant thermal spread. C1 DUKE UNIV,CTR EYE,DURHAM,NC. TASC,SAN ANTONIO,TX. ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. USAF,OFF SCI RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20330. RI toth, cynthia/F-5614-2011 NR 18 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2204 EP 2213 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA YC228 UT WOS:A1997YC22800005 PM 9344343 ER PT J AU Cody, JT Valtier, S AF Cody, JT Valtier, S TI Immunoassay analysis of lysergic acid diethylamide SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; N-DEMETHYL-LSD; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; URINE RP Cody, JT (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,HSR,1255 WILFORD HALL LOOP,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 21 IS 6 BP 459 EP 464 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA XZ141 UT WOS:A1997XZ14100009 PM 9323526 ER PT J AU Arthur, W Day, EA Bennett, W McNelly, TL Jordan, JA AF Arthur, W Day, EA Bennett, W McNelly, TL Jordan, JA TI Dyadic versus individual training protocols: Loss and reacquisition of a complex skill SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUISITION; PERFORMANCE; STRATEGIES; ATTENTION; GAME AB It has been consistently demonstrated that the active interlocked modeling (AIM) protocol, a dyadic training protocol developed by W. L. Shebilske. J. W. Regian, W. Arthur, Jr., and J. A. Jordan (1992), achieves a 100% increase in training efficiency over a standard individual protocol. The present study sought to replicate this finding as well as to investigate its robustness in terms of skill loss and reacquisition. Thus, the authors compared the AIM-dyad protocol with a standard individual protocol. Despite half as much hands-on practice, dyadic trainees did not differ from individuals on tests of skill acquisition, loss after an 8-week nonpractice interval, and reacquisition of a complex skill. The findings provide strong support and justification for the ongoing use of innovative dyadic protocols for the training of pilots and navigators in both military and nonmilitary settings. C1 USAF, ARMSTRONG LAB, HUMAN RESOURCES DIRECTORATE, BROOKS AFB, TX USA. RP Arthur, W (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV, DEPT PSYCHOL, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. NR 39 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0021-9010 J9 J APPL PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Psychol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 82 IS 5 BP 783 EP 791 DI 10.1037/0021-9010.82.5.783 PG 9 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA XZ993 UT WOS:A1997XZ99300014 ER PT J AU Manning, CA Kloess, PM AF Manning, CA Kloess, PM TI Comparison of portable automated keratometry and manual keratometry for IOL calculation SO JOURNAL OF CATARACT AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cataract, IOL and Refractive Surgery CY APR, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID FORMULAS; ACCURACY AB Purpose: To compare the accuracy of portable automated keratometry (PAK) with that of manual keratometry (MK) in measuring corneal power for intraocular lens calculations. Setting: Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA. Methods: In Part 1 of the study, five ophthalmic technicians performed keratometric analysis in 20 eyes in 10 volunteers using both manual and automated methods to determine the relative accuracy and reproducibility of each instrument. In Part 2, both MK and PAK were prospectively performed in 11 patients having cataract surgery to compare the accuracy of each instrument in predicting postoperative refractive outcome. Results: The difference between instruments in determining the average corneal power in all eyes was less than 0.10 diopter (D) (MK = 43.84 D, PAK = 43.93 D). Portable keratometry demonstrated less variability in measurements in each eye (average standard deviation, MK = 0.30 D, PAK = 0.11 D; average range, MK = 1.08 D, PAK = 0.44 D). The mean absolute refractive error (difference between the actual refractive outcome and predicted refractive outcome) was 0.37 D +/- 0.30 (SD) using MK values and 0.45 +/- 0.19 D using PAK values. Conclusions: Portable automated keratometry is a simple keratometric technique that appeared to be as accurate as but with less variability than manual keratometry in determining corneal power for cataract surgery. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CATARACT REFRACTIVE SURGERY PI FAIRFAX PA 4000 LEGATO RD, SUITE 850, FAIRFAX, VA 22030 SN 0886-3350 J9 J CATARACT REFR SURG JI J. Cataract. Refract. Surg. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1213 EP 1216 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA YF032 UT WOS:A1997YF03200019 PM 9368167 ER PT J AU Chung, H Si, W Dudley, M Bliss, DF Kalan, R Maniatty, A Zhang, H Prasad, V AF Chung, H Si, W Dudley, M Bliss, DF Kalan, R Maniatty, A Zhang, H Prasad, V TI Characterization of defect structures in magnetic liquid encapsulated Kyropoulos grown InP single crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE X-ray topography; InP; growth striations; slip bands; dislocations and twins ID INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE AB Synchrotron White Beam X-ray Topography (SWBXT) has been used as a nondestructive diagnostic technique for the characterization of defect structures in large wafers cut from S and Fe-doped InP single-crystal boules. Wafers cut both longitudinally and laterally with respect to the growth axis were studied in order to reveal the overall defect distribution in the boules. Studies carried out on longitudinally cut S-doped crystals enabled information to be obtained on interface shape, from the observation of growth striations, as well as defect distribution. The conditions for optimal visibility of the growth striations were determined and it was found that the morphology of the growth interface was a sensitive function of local growth conditions. The formation of extensive slip bands from peripheral regions was also observed. This indicates that large thermal stresses were generated during crystal growth leading to such significant plastic deformation processes. Studies carried out on a series of laterally sliced, Fe-doped wafers cut from the same boule revealed dislocations in well-defined fourfold symmetric distributions. A finite element thermal-elastic stress analysis was performed for an intermediate growth stage to investigate the nature of the stress which causes this fourfold distribution. The calculated excess shear stress from this analysis agrees qualitatively with the observed dislocation distribution and slip system activity. The influence of an applied magnetic field on precipitate distributions in InP boules was preliminarily studied by examining a longitudinal cut, heavily Fe-doped InP wafer, which was grown in the presence of an intermittent applied field. Topographs recorded from this wafer revealed that no formation of large precipitates was discernible in either the initial or intermediate growth stages when the magnetic field was applied. On the other hand, the formation of large precipitates was observed in regions near the final stage of crystal growth when the magnetic field was turned off. Further such investigations are underway. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. USAF, ROME LAB, BEDFORD, MA 01731 USA. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST, DEPT MECH ENGN AERONAUT ENGN & MECH, TROY, NY 12180 USA. SUNY STONY BROOK, DEPT MECH ENGN, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD OCT PY 1997 VL 181 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(97)00271-6 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA YC681 UT WOS:A1997YC68100003 ER PT J AU Zou, YF Wang, GX Zhang, H Prasad, V Bliss, DF AF Zou, YF Wang, GX Zhang, H Prasad, V Bliss, DF TI Macro-segregation, dynamics of interface and stresses in high pressure LEC grown crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Modelling in Crystal Growth CY OCT 13-16, 1996 CL DURBUY, BELGIUM ID MELT; CONVECTION; MODEL AB High dislocation density and strong dopant inhomogeneities have been found in high pressure liquid-encapsulated Czochralski (HPLEC) grown crystals. The origin and underlying mechanisms of these defects are attributed to the complex nature of transport phenomena in the HPLEC system. Our integrated computer model (MASTRAPP) can simulate this process by calculating the Bow and heat transfer in both the melt and the gas, and thermal-elastic stress in the crystal. In this work, this model has been further extended to investigate the development of thermal stress in the growing crystal and the redistribution of dopant in the melt. The results for InP growth shaw complex gas flow and heat transfer pattern in the system. Two large stress spots are predicted by the model, one at the edge of the crystal just above the encapsulant layer and the other in the top corner of the crystal. Although the stress always remains largest at the first location, its value decreases as the crystal grows, due to the enhanced cooling of the crystal. A curved crystal/melt interface is also found to introduce high thermal stresses in its vicinity, which may be dangerous because of a high temperature at the interface and thus a low strength of the crystal. The model also predicts both radial and longitudinal dopant segregation in the growing crystal, and shows that the dopant redistribution in the melt is caused by the complex flow pattern in the melt. This is the first time, that a strong radial dopant segregation has been predicted based on a comprehensive flow model for a HPLEC growth. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK, CONSORTIUM CRYSTAL GROWTH RES, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. USAF, ROME LAB, HANSCOM AFB, MA 01731 USA. RI Wang, Guo-Xiang/E-6919-2014 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD OCT PY 1997 VL 180 IS 3-4 BP 524 EP 533 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(97)00252-2 PG 10 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA YC178 UT WOS:A1997YC17800023 ER PT J AU Sanders, BP Mall, S Dennis, LB AF Sanders, BP Mall, S Dennis, LB TI Fatigue behavior of a cross-ply metal matrix composite at elevated temperature under the strain controlled mode SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB A study was conducted to investigate the fatigue behavior of a cross-ply metal matrix composite subjected to fully-reversed, strain-controlled fatigue cycling at elevated temperature. The stress-strain response, maximum and minimum stresses, and modulus during cycling were analyzed to characterize the macro-mechanical behavior. Additionally, microscopy and fractography were conducted to identify damage mechanisms. Damage always initiated in the 90 deg plies, but the governing factor in the fatigue life was damage in the 0 deg plies. The dominant failure mode was fracturing of fibers in the 0 deg plies when the maximum strain was greater than 0.55 percent, but the dominant failure mode was matrix cracking when the maximum strain was less than 0.55 percent. Combining the fatigue life data with the macro-mechanical and microscopic observations, a fatigue life diagram was developed and partitioned into three regions. These regions showed relationships between the maximum applied strain and the dominant damage mechanisms. Also, on a strain range basis, the fatigue lives of the specimens tested under the strain-controlled mode in this study were compared with its counterpart under the load-controlled mode of the previous study. It was found that the fatigue lives for these two conditions were the same within the experimental scatter. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 1997 VL 119 IS 4 BP 422 EP 428 DI 10.1115/1.2812279 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA YE461 UT WOS:A1997YE46100014 ER PT J AU Stentz, WC Mealey, BL Gunsolley, JC Waldrop, TC AF Stentz, WC Mealey, BL Gunsolley, JC Waldrop, TC TI Effects of guided bone regeneration around commercially pure titanium and hydroxyapatite-coated dental implants .2. Histologic analysis SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bone regeneration; bone, demineralized; bone, freeze-dried; membrane, artificial; membrane, barrier; dental implants; polytetrafluoroethylene therapeutic use; titanium; hydroxyapatite; osseointegration ID FREEZE-DRIED BONE; EXTRACTION SOCKETS; ENDOSSEOUS IMPLANTS; DOGS; MEMBRANES; SITES; ALLOGRAFT AB THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY was to determine which treatment of a large osseous defect adjacent to an endosseous dental implant would produce the greatest regeneration of bone and degree of osseointegration: barrier membrane therapy plus demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA), membrane therapy alone, or no treatment, The current study histologically assessed changes in bone within the healed peri-implant osseous defect. In a split-mouth design, 6 implants were placed in edentulous mandibular ridges of 10 mongrel dogs after preparation of 6 cylindrical mid-crestal defects, 5 mm in depth, and 9.525 mm in diameter. An implant site was then prepared in the center of each defect to a depth of 5 mm beyond the apical extent of the defect. One mandibular quadrant received three commercially pure titanium (Ti) screw implants (3.75 x 10 mm), while the contralateral side received three hydroxyapatite (HA) coated root-form implants (3.3 x 10 mm). Consequently, the coronal 5 mn of each implant was surrounded by a circumferential defect approximately 3 mm wide and 5 mm deep. The three dental implants in each quadrant received either DFDBA (canine source) and an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (ePTFE), ePTFE membrane alone, or no treatment which served as the control. Clinically, the greatest increase in ridge height and width was seen with DFDBA/ePTFE. Histologically, statistically significant differences in defect osseointegration were seen between treatment groups (P < 0.0001: DFDBA/ePTFE > ePTFE alone > control). HA-coated implants had significantly greater osseointegration within the defect than Ti implants (P < 0.0001). Average trabeculation of newly formed bone in the defect after healing was significantly greater for HA-coated implants than for titanium (P < 0.0001), while the effect on trabeculation between treatments was not significantly different (P = 0.14). Finally, there were significantly less residual allograft particles in defect areas adjacent to HA-coated implants than Ti implants (P = 0.0355). The use of HA-coated implants in large size defects with DFDBA and ePTFE membranes produced significantly more osseointegration histologically than other treatment options and more than Ti implants with the same treatment combinations. The results of this study indicate that, although the implants appeared osseointegrated clinically after 4 months of healing, histologic data suggest that selection of both the implant type and the treatment modality is important in obtaining optimum osseointegration in large size defects. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR, DEPT PERIODONT, LACKLAND AFB, TX 78236 USA. DEPT PERIODONT, EGLIN AFB, FL USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT PERIODONTOL, BALTIMORE, MD USA. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV, MED COLL VIRGINIA, DEPT PERIODONT & BIOSTAT, RICHMOND, VA 23298 USA. RP Stentz, WC (reprint author), SGDD, MED GRP 89, DEPT PERIODONT, 1601 CALIF AVE, ANDREWS AFB, MD 20762 USA. NR 47 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 68 IS 10 BP 933 EP 949 PG 17 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA YE202 UT WOS:A1997YE20200003 PM 9358360 ER PT J AU Hagan, RL Ramos, JM Jacob, PM AF Hagan, RL Ramos, JM Jacob, PM TI Increasing urinary cotinine concentrations at elevated temperatures: the role of conjugated metabolites SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE nicotine; cotinine; stability; urine; gas chromatography mass spectrometry ID NICOTINE; SMOKING AB The presence of cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, in urine above a specified cutoff concentration is commonly used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers, as in smoking cessation studies. A stability study of cotinine in urine was carried out after questions arose concerning analyte stability at elevated storage and shipment temperatures. Aliquots from a smokers urine pool were stored at 5, 25, 40, 50 and 60 degrees C for 30 days. Another set of aliquots, obtained by diluting the smokers pool 1:1 with nonsmokers urine, were stored under the same conditions. Free cotinine levels, determined by a stability-indicating gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) assay, increased over the 30-day period at higher storage temperatures. Cotinine concentrations in the aliquots stored at 60 degrees C, for example, nearly doubled over 30 days (1301 to 2476 ng/ml), with similar proportional increases observed in the aliquots diluted with nonsmokers urine. Since cotinine can be excreted to a large degree as cotinine-N-glucuronide, this conjugated metabolite was determined by an indirect method. As the storage temperature increased, the free/conjugated cotinine ratio dramatically increased, pointing to cotinine-N-glucuronide as the source of the additional free cotinine at the higher storage temperatures. The results of this study are of much practical importance, since urine samples with free cotinine concentrations just below a cutoff value may become positive for smoking status if suitably low temperatures cannot be maintained during sample handling and shipment. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 DAVID GRANT MED CTR,CLIN INVEST FACIL,TRAVIS AFB,CA 94535. ARMSTRONG LAB,EPIDEMIOL RES DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV CLIN PHARMACOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA01696, DA02277] NR 8 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0731-7085 J9 J PHARMACEUT BIOMED JI J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1016/S0731-7085(97)00021-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YJ276 UT WOS:A1997YJ27600002 PM 9408833 ER PT J AU Mah, TI Parthasarathy, TA AF Mah, TI Parthasarathy, TA TI Effects of temperature, environment, and orientation on the fracture toughness of single-crystal YAG SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Conference on Composites and Advanced Ceramics CY JAN 13, 1994 CL COCOA BEACH, FL ID YTTRIUM-ALUMINUM-GARNET AB The fracture toughness of single-crystal YAG was measured as a function of temperature in air and under vacuum using the SENB technique up to 1600 degrees C. The measured K-IC was 2.2 MPa.m(1/2) at room temperature and it increased with temperature above 1200 degrees C, reaching a value of 4.5 MPa.ml(1/2) at 1600 degrees C in air, The effects of crystallographic orientation and oxygen partial pressure on toughness were studied at 1600 degrees C. The toughness increased further to 5.5 MPa.my(1/2) when tested under vacuum (10(-5) torr) at 1600 degrees C. Both temperature and testing environments were found to influence the fracture toughness, but there was no significant effect of crystallographic orientation. RP Mah, TI (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLLN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 10 BP 2730 EP 2734 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA YB060 UT WOS:A1997YB06000039 ER PT J AU Petry, MD Mah, TI Kerans, RJ AF Petry, MD Mah, TI Kerans, RJ TI Validity of using average diameter for determination of tensile strength and Weibull modulus of ceramic filaments SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Strengths and Weibull moduli for alumina/yttrium aluminum garnet eutectic (AYE) filaments and for Si-C-O (Nicalon(TM)) filaments were calculated using measured and average filament diameters. The strengths agreed closely. Thus an average filament diameter could be used instead of the measured filament diameter in calculating strengths. The Weibull modulus obtained from an average filament diameter approximates the Weibull modulus obtained using the measured filament diameter. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLLN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 9 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 80 IS 10 BP 2741 EP 2744 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA YB060 UT WOS:A1997YB06000042 ER PT J AU Wright, EF Bifano, SL AF Wright, EF Bifano, SL TI Tinnitus improvement through TMD therapy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TEMPOROMANDIBULAR-JOINT; MYOFASCIAL PAIN; DYSFUNCTION; DISORDERS AB Many patients with temporomandibular disorder and coexisting tinnitus find that therapy improves or resolves their tinnitus in conjunction with their TMD symptoms. Ninety-three patients with TMD who reported having coexisting tinnitus were questioned and given clinical tests. These assessment instruments were then evaluated for their ability to suggest tinnitus improvement as a result of TMD therapy. This study suggests that asking targeted questions and performing a clinical test could he of significant value in helping practitioners identify which patients with TMD and coexisting tinnitus will experience improvement in, or resolution of, their tinnitus when TMD symptoms have improved significantly. C1 USAF,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 128 IS 10 BP 1424 EP 1432 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA XZ252 UT WOS:A1997XZ25200018 PM 9332144 ER PT J AU Thorne, JD Hall, CD AF Thorne, JD Hall, CD TI Minimum-time continuous-thrust orbit transfers SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Conference CY FEB 11-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TEXAS SP AAS, AIAA ID SPACECRAFT AB To solve the minimum-time orbital transfer problem under continuous thrust, initial values of the Lagrange costates are required in the calculus of variations formulation. Assuming circle-to-circle transfer, expressions are developed for the approximate values of the optimal initial costates, which are then used as starting guesses for the associated two-point boundary value problem. The optimal initial costates are modeled as functions of the thrust and final radius in canonical units. These approximations work for noncircular destination orbits, as well as for noncoplanar transfers. Examples are provided for coplanar and noncoplanar orbital transfers. A dynamic step limiter is also presented which improves convergence in the shooting method. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut,ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thorne, JD (reprint author), MTDG, Space & Missile Ctr, Los Angeles AFB, CA 90245 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 45 IS 4 BP 411 EP 432 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 102DE UT WOS:000074907300003 ER PT J AU Ford, SD Welsh, BM Roggemann, MC Lee, DJ AF Ford, SD Welsh, BM Roggemann, MC Lee, DJ TI Reconstruction of low-light images by use of the vector Wiener filter SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID BLIND DECONVOLUTION; DIGITAL RESTORATION; SUPPORT CONSTRAINTS; BLURRED IMAGES; NOISE AB Photon noise imposes severe limitations on the resolution of images detected under low-light conditions. These resolution limitations are typically more severe than those imposed by diffraction. Nonlinear iterative reconstruction techniques are available that can successfully process these images. Typical iterative methods are computationally expensive, incorporate ad hoc termination criteria, and may suffer convergence problems. The scalar Wiener filter is linear, computationally inexpensive, and noniterative. However, the scalar Wiener filter cannot improve the Fourier domain signal-to-noise ratio. We extend the vector Wiener filter to account properly for photon noise to provide a reconstruction technique that better complements nonlinear iterative methods. Our analysis confirms previous research [IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 42, 156 (1994)] that showed that photon noise is correlated with respect to spatial frequency. The amount of correlation depends on the product of the mean optical transfer function (OTF) and the mean object spectrum at a difference frequency. We conduct computer simulations for a class of random Gaussian objects degraded by a known OTF. These results show the extended vector Wiener filter provides dramatic improvement in normalized mean squared error performance compared with that of the scalar Wiener filter. The vector Wiener filter can also provide a superresolution capability that is due to knowledge of the object spatial frequency statistics for frequencies beyond the OTF cutoff. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN PHYS,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Ford, SD (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,2950 P ST,BLDG 640,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 10 BP 2678 EP 2691 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.14.002678 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA XY742 UT WOS:A1997XY74200012 ER PT J AU Faber, P AF Faber, P TI Born in the country: A history of rural America SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Faber, P (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009 1531 YUMA, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD OCT PY 1997 VL 36 IS 4 BP 122 EP 122 PG 1 WC History SC History GA YG077 UT WOS:000060435600095 ER PT J AU Faber, P AF Faber, P TI Nell's story: A woman from Eagle River SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Faber, P (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009 1531 YUMA, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD OCT PY 1997 VL 36 IS 4 BP 122 EP 122 PG 1 WC History SC History GA YG077 UT WOS:000060435600096 ER PT J AU Pratt, DM Hallinan, KP AF Pratt, DM Hallinan, KP TI Thermocapillary effects on the wetting characteristics of a heated curved meniscus SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATING LIQUIDS; PLATES AB An investigation of thermocapillary effects on a heated, evaporating meniscus, formed by a wetting liquid in a vertical capillary tube, has been conducted. Experiments were conducted to primarily observe how the wetting characteristics of the working fluid (pentane) are affected by the dynamics associated with the heating of and evaporation from a meniscus. The results have demonstrated that interfacial thermocapillary stresses arising from liquid-vapor interfacial temperature gradients can noticeably degrade the ability of the liquid to wet the pore. C1 UNIV DAYTON,DEPT MECH & AEROSP ENGN,DAYTON,OH 45409. RP Pratt, DM (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 11 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 519 EP 525 DI 10.2514/2.6293 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA YA622 UT WOS:A1997YA62200005 ER PT J AU Manwaring, SR Rabe, DC Lorence, CB Wadia, AR AF Manwaring, SR Rabe, DC Lorence, CB Wadia, AR TI Inlet distortion generated forced response of a low-aspect-ratio transonic fan SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 10-13, 1996 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND ID EULER EQUATIONS; GUST RESPONSE; UNSTEADY; CASCADES; TURBOMACHINERY; COMPRESSOR; FLOWS AB This paper describes a portion of an experimental and computational program (ADLARF), which incorporates, for the first time, measurements of all aspects of the forced response of an airfoil row, i.e., the flow defect, the unsteady pressure loadings, and the vibratory response. The purpose of this portion was to extend the knowledge of the unsteady aerodynamics associated with a law-aspect-ratio transonic fan where the pow defects were generated by inlet distortions. Measurements of screen distortion patterns were obtained with total pressure rakes and casing static pressures. The unsteady pressure loadings on the blade were determined from high response pressure transducers. The resulting blade vibrations were measured with strain gages. The steady flow was analyzed using a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver while the unsteady flow was determined with a quasi-three-dimensional linearized Euler solver. Experimental results showed that the distortions had strong vortical, moderate entropic, and weak acoustic parts. The three-dimensional Navier-Stokes analyses showed that the steady flow is predominantly two-dimensional, with radially outward flow existing only in the blade surface boundary layers downstream of shocks and in the aft part of the suction surface. At near resonance conditions, the strain gage data showed blade-to-blade motion variations and thus, linearized unsteady Euler solutions showed poorer agreement with the unsteady loading data than comparisons at off-resonance speeds. Data analysis showed that entropic waves generated unsteady loadings comparable to vortical waves in the blade regions where shacks existed. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Manwaring, SR (reprint author), GE CO,AIRCRAFT ENGINES,CINCINNATI,OH 44135, USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 1997 VL 119 IS 4 BP 665 EP 676 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YD813 UT WOS:A1997YD81300001 ER PT J AU Bishoff, JT Waguespack, RL Lynch, SC May, DA Poremba, JA Hall, CR AF Bishoff, JT Waguespack, RL Lynch, SC May, DA Poremba, JA Hall, CR TI Bilateral symptomatic adrenal myelolipoma SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE adrenal; myelolipoma; bilateral C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT UROL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ENDOCRINOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 158 IS 4 BP 1517 EP 1518 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64257-5 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XV524 UT WOS:A1997XV52400053 PM 9302155 ER PT J AU Eggers, JS Parker, GA Braaf, HA Mense, MG AF Eggers, JS Parker, GA Braaf, HA Mense, MG TI Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in three miniature schnauzer litter mates SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID FORTUITUM INFECTION; DOG C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Biotech, Sterling, VA 20167 USA. Seneca Hill Vet Hosp, Great Falls, VA 22066 USA. RP Eggers, JS (reprint author), Armstrong Labs, Div Toxicol, 2856 G St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 424 EP 427 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZB339 UT WOS:000072461600016 PM 9376436 ER PT J AU Stafira, S Parnell, GS Moore, JT AF Stafira, S Parnell, GS Moore, JT TI A methodology for evaluating military systems in a counterproliferation role SO MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE decision analysis; arms control; defense analysis; public policy analysis AB This paper illustrates a methodology to evaluate how dissimilar military systems support the accomplishment of the United States' counterproliferation objectives. The key questions in evaluating counterproliferation systems are identified. By using decision analysis, an influence diagram model is developed that represents military activities in the counterproliferation process. A value model is developed that enables systems to be evaluated against common criteria. An analysis of intelligence, defensive, and offensive counterproliferation systems suggests that intelligence system improvements may provide the greatest potential to meet the United States' counterproliferation objectives. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine which factors in the model are most important. To demonstrate the model, nine systems from the Air Force Vulcan's Forge 1995 wargame are evaluated. This paper illustrates the value of decision analysis, and influence diagrams in particular, by involving decision makers and subject matter experts in structuring complex problems for analysis. C1 VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,DEPT MATH SCI,RICHMOND,VA 23284. USAF,INST TECHNOL,ENS,AFIT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Stafira, S (reprint author), USAF,STUDIES & ANAL AGCY,AFSAA,SASG,1570 AF PENTAGON,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 SN 0025-1909 J9 MANAGE SCI JI Manage. Sci. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1420 EP 1430 DI 10.1287/mnsc.43.10.1420 PG 11 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA YC767 UT WOS:A1997YC76700007 ER PT J AU Restaino, SR Baker, J Carreras, PA Fender, JL Loos, GC McBroom, RJ Nahrstedt, D Payne, DM AF Restaino, SR Baker, J Carreras, PA Fender, JL Loos, GC McBroom, RJ Nahrstedt, D Payne, DM TI Single-mode optical fibre linkages of large telescopes at visible wavelengths: experimental results SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRY; FIBERS AB In this paper we present results of an experiment in which the link between two 1.2 m telescopes was obtained using single-mode optical fibres with polarization-preserving cores. An additional novelty of this experiment is the use of a tipping-tilting stabilization system on each telescope. We present results for the measured coupling efficiency with and without tip/tilt stabilization. Furthermore, we present white-light fringe-visibility measurements obtained on light from the star Alpha Bootis. C1 ROCKWELL POWER SYST CO, KIRTLAND AFB, NM 87117 USA. ROCKWELL INT CORP, ROCKETDYNE DIV, CANOGA PK, CA 91303 USA. WJ SHAFER ASSOC INC, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87106 USA. RP USAF, PHILLIPS LAB, LIM, 35550 ABERDEEN SE, KIRTLAND AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1105 EP 1111 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/8/10/011 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA YB291 UT WOS:A1997YB29100011 ER PT J AU Wrobel, MC AF Wrobel, MC TI High energy slit aperture SPECT and simplified in vitro methods for the dosimetry of positron emitting radiotracers SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article RP Wrobel, MC (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,OEBZ,2402 E ST,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1648 EP 1648 DI 10.1118/1.597977 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YB665 UT WOS:A1997YB66500014 ER PT J AU Thiem, TL Watson, JD AF Thiem, TL Watson, JD TI Extraction efficiencies of emulsions for 21 elements in oil and transmission fluids by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy SO MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LUBRICATING OILS; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AB Wear metals, especially transition metals, are key indicators of the condition of specific components within an engine, whether it be a car, truck, or jet. Determination of these elements can greatly reduce the chance of engine failure. Traditionally this is done by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) or inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy with organic solvent dilution with methyl isobutyl ketone, xylene, or kerosene. This, however, creates a large quantity of organic waste that is expensive to dispose of following analysis. Several groups have used acid extraction with emulsions with great success. In this study aqueous standards that are much easier and less expensive to dispose of are used with inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. Twenty-one elements are determined from a 300 mu g/g base oil solution. Extractions of 30W oil, 10W30 oil, and transmission fluid were completed to establish a baseline for subsequent analysis of used oil by this method. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USAF ACAD,DEPT CHEM,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0026-265X J9 MICROCHEM J JI Microchem J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 57 IS 2 BP 245 EP 250 DI 10.1006/mchj.1997.1475 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA YG314 UT WOS:A1997YG31400010 ER PT J AU King, RE McGlohn, SE Retzlaff, PD AF King, RE McGlohn, SE Retzlaff, PD TI Female United States Air Force pilot personality: The new right stuff SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB With increasing numbers of female military pilots, it is important to understand the psychological and psychiatric gender differences of pilots, Using the ''big five'' personality structure (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to new experiences, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), female United States Air Force pilots were compared with both male Air Force pilots and to a female comparison group, Female Air Force pilots were higher on the Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness scales than male pilots. Female pilots were also higher on these scales than the female comparison group and lower on the Neuroticism and Openness scales than that comparison group, It is suggested that these traits are highly adaptive for Air Force pilots, given the nature of modern military operational requirements. C1 USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20330. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 162 IS 10 BP 695 EP 697 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YA883 UT WOS:A1997YA88300016 PM 9339086 ER PT J AU Nance, MA Abramson, R Ashizawa, T Codori, AM Fox, M Gettig, B Myers, RH Quaid, K Seltzer, W Shea, DK Wexler, N Zanko, A Proud, V Richter, S Hauck, L Broome, D Bass, H Jones, OW Zanko, A Bodell, A Taylor, L Haverkamp, C Heimler, A DiMaio, M Haun, R Diamond, T Jones, R Yim, D Donlon, S Evers, C Shannon, K Lebel, R Polzin, S Miller, J Quaid, K Gray, C Godfrey, N Myers, R Uhlmann, W Ludowese, C Leroy, B Otto, E Johnson, J McCormack, M Cope, J Palladino, L Lewis, J McKenna, C Hickey, C Thomson, L Waterson, J Huelsman, K Linard, S Schaefer, F Rubenstein, J Kovak, K Goodwin, D Godmilow, L Schramke, C SkoreySollberg, P Potter, N Hannig, V Brookshire, G Heller, K Kester, M Leonard, K Mengden, GA Baty, B Allinson, P Bennett, R HIner, B Goonewardena, P Spector, E McIntosh, N Mueller, OT Shoffner, J BerryKravis, E DeMarchi, J Kasch, L MatthiasHagen, V Bartholomew, D Prior, T Schaefer, F Goodwin, D VnencakJones, C Potter, N Richards, S AF Nance, MA Abramson, R Ashizawa, T Codori, AM Fox, M Gettig, B Myers, RH Quaid, K Seltzer, W Shea, DK Wexler, N Zanko, A Proud, V Richter, S Hauck, L Broome, D Bass, H Jones, OW Zanko, A Bodell, A Taylor, L Haverkamp, C Heimler, A DiMaio, M Haun, R Diamond, T Jones, R Yim, D Donlon, S Evers, C Shannon, K Lebel, R Polzin, S Miller, J Quaid, K Gray, C Godfrey, N Myers, R Uhlmann, W Ludowese, C Leroy, B Otto, E Johnson, J McCormack, M Cope, J Palladino, L Lewis, J McKenna, C Hickey, C Thomson, L Waterson, J Huelsman, K Linard, S Schaefer, F Rubenstein, J Kovak, K Goodwin, D Godmilow, L Schramke, C SkoreySollberg, P Potter, N Hannig, V Brookshire, G Heller, K Kester, M Leonard, K Mengden, GA Baty, B Allinson, P Bennett, R HIner, B Goonewardena, P Spector, E McIntosh, N Mueller, OT Shoffner, J BerryKravis, E DeMarchi, J Kasch, L MatthiasHagen, V Bartholomew, D Prior, T Schaefer, F Goodwin, D VnencakJones, C Potter, N Richards, S TI Genetic testing of children at risk for Huntington's disease SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGE-OF-ONSET; TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT LENGTH; CAG REPEATS; EXPANSION; SIZE; INSTABILITY; PROGRESSION; FAMILIES; MUTATION AB We reviewed 44 symptomatic children tested for CAG repeat expansions in the gene responsible for Huntington's disease (HD). Thirty-three patients had CAG repeat expansions, and 11 did not. No patient with a CAG repeat expansion had a negative family history of HD. Of the 15 patients presenting in the first decade, 12 had greater than 80 CAG repeats and a clinical profile at the time of the test that included two or more of the following: declining school performance, seizures, oral motor dysfunction, rigidity, and gait disorder. Three patients with smaller CAG repeat expansions had incomplete or atypical symptom profiles. Symptom patterns in patients presenting in the second decade were more varied but usually included behavioral and motor symptoms. Patients without CAG expansions had incomplete or atypical symptom profiles. We define the historical and clinical profiles of HD presenting in the first two decades and suggest that physicians exercise restraint in using a ''diagnostic'' gene test for ED in the evaluation of at-risk children with incomplete or atypical symptom profiles or no family history of HD, in whom test results are very likely to be normal or unrelated to the patient's symptoms. C1 HENNEPIN CTY MED CTR,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55415. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. UNIV ALABAMA,TUSCALOOSA,AL 35487. MARICOPA CTY GEN HOSP,PHOENIX,AZ. ARIZONA HLTH SCI CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85724. KAISER PERMANENTE SO CALIF,PASADENA,CA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. KAISER PERMANENTE SAN JOSE,SAN JOSE,CA. UNIV CONNECTICUT,STORRS,CT 06269. KAISER PERMANENTE DENVER,DENVER,CO. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. UNIV MIAMI,CORAL GABLES,FL 33124. UNIV S FLORIDA,TAMPA,FL 33620. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. KAISER PERMANENTE HONOLULU,HONOLULU,HI. UNIV HAWAII,KAPIOLANI MED CTR,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60612. LUTHERAN GEN MED GRP,PARK RIDGE,IL. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60680. INDIANA UNIV,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. UNIV KANSAS,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. BOSTON UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02215. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MISSOURI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. SHODAIR HOSP,HELENA,MT. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEWARK,NJ 07103. UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. ALBANY MED CTR,ALBANY,NY. COLUMBIA PRESBYTERIAN MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10032. N SHORE UNIV HOSP,MANHASSET,NY 11030. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. CHILDRENS HOSP,AKRON,OH 44308. CHILDRENS HOSP,CINCINNATI,OH 45229. CHILDRENS HOSP,COLUMBUS,OH 43205. HA CHAPMAN INST MED GENET,TULSA,OK. KAISER PERMANENTE NW,PORTLAND,OR. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA. UNIV S DAKOTA,VERMILLION,SD 57069. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN. VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN. CHILDRENS MED CTR,DALLAS,TX 75235. GENET COUNSELING ASSOCIATES,DALLAS,TX. GENET COUNSELING & SCREENING,DENTON,TX. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV UTAH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. UNIV VIRGINIA,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. MARSHFIELD CLIN FDN MED RES & EDUC,MARSHFIELD,WI 54449. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. DIANON SYST,STRATFORD,CT. UNIV S FLORIDA,ALL CHILDRENS HOSP,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701. USAF,MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1048 EP 1053 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YC431 UT WOS:A1997YC43100024 PM 9339688 ER PT J AU Birch, BD Desai, RD McCormick, PC AF Birch, BD Desai, RD McCormick, PC TI Surgical approaches to the thoracolumbar spine SO NEUROSURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POST-TRAUMATIC KYPHOSIS; BURST FRACTURES; ZIELKE INSTRUMENTATION; CORD COMPRESSION; NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT; IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS; THORACIC DISKS; ANTERIOR; STABILIZATION; DECOMPRESSION AB Surgical treatment of diseases involving the thoracolumbar spine offers a unique challenge to the spine surgeon. Although more familiar posterior techniques are useful for a variety of thoracolumbar problems, the management of disease in this region is often optimized by an anterior approach. Thoracolumbar surgery requires an understanding of the relevant surgical anatomy, the pathologic processes affecting this region, and the relative indications and contraindications for particular operative strategies. It is also essential to be familiar with the management of potential morbidity, methods for avoiding complications, and the selection of particular fusion techniques and instrumentation devices associated with specific operative strategies. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,NEW YORK,NY. COLUMBIA PRESBYTERIAN MED CTR,DEPT NEUROSURG,NEW YORK,NY 10032. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 69 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 1042-3680 J9 NEUROSURG CLIN N AM JI Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 8 IS 4 BP 471 EP & PG 17 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA YC991 UT WOS:A1997YC99100004 PM 9314516 ER PT J AU Yoder, BA Young, MK AF Yoder, BA Young, MK TI Neonatal outcomes of teenage pregnancy in a military population SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YOUNG MATERNAL AGE; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PRENATAL-CARE; HEALTH; RISK; COMPLICATIONS; BEHAVIOR; SCHOOL; WOMEN AB Objective: To compare the use of prenatal care, incidence of pregnancy complications, and neonatal outcomes among adolescent mothers with those among older mothers in a military population with equal access to a tertiary care center. Methods: We reviewed the neonatal data base of a military tertiary care center for the period 1990-1996, All singleton births at least 20 weeks' estimated gestational age (EGA) or with birth weight at least 500 g were included. Maternal transfers were excluded. Mothers were divided inter live age groups, with the ranges 13-17, 18-19, 20-24, 25-29, and 30 or more years. Prenatal care was assessed by the Kessner index. Data were analyzed by chi(2) test, t test Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression techniques. Results: Included in the study were 10,168 infants (344 aged 13-17, 893 aged 18-19, 3244 aged 20-24, 3095 aged 25-29, and 2592 aged 30 or more years). There was a greater percentage of Hispanic mothers among adolescents aged 13-17 years (48.3%); this percentage decreased as maternal age increased (32.7% to 14.6%). The percentage of white mothers was greatest for mothers over 30 years old (72.1%), and this percentage decreased as maternal age decreased (70.3% to 35.8%). The percentage of I?lack mothers remained relatively constant in all age groups (12.2-16.0%), There were significant differences in sponsor's rank distribution among groups; mothers 25-29 years old and over 30 years old had higher-paying ranks whereas both teenage groups were of predominantly lower-paying ranks. Gestational age at the first prenatal visit and overall use of prenatal care were significantly improved as maternal age increased for each successive age group. Older mothers had significantly higher rates for diabetes and abnormal fetal sonograms than younger mothers; younger mothers had increased rates for sexually transmitted disease, fetal growth restriction, and tobacco use. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that fetal complications, adequate prenatal care, black maternal race, and lower rank were significant independent risk factors for high-risk outcomes, Young maternal age was not an independent risk factor for prematurity or low birth weight. Conclusion: Although adolescent mothers (13-17 years old) used prenatal care less than older mothers, there were no differences in the incidence of prematurity, low birth weight (LBW), or neonatal survival among this group of women cared for in a military tertiary health care setting. In this health care setting, risk for premature birth and LBW are related to complications of pregnancy, maternal race, and lower-paying rank. RP Yoder, BA (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,MNP,DEPT PEDIAT,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 90 IS 4 BP 500 EP 506 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00357-8 PN 1 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA XX745 UT WOS:A1997XX74500004 PM 9380304 ER PT J AU Tellado, MV McLean, IW Specht, CS Varga, J AF Tellado, MV McLean, IW Specht, CS Varga, J TI Adenoid cystic carcinomas of the lacrimal gland in childhood and adolescence SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Objective: To see if there is a correlation between histologic features of these tumors and final outcome. Design: A small series of cases of adenoid cystic carcinomas of the lacrimal gland in patients 18 years of age or younger were evaluated. Participants: A total of 11 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland in patients 18 years of age or younger found in the registry of Ophthalmic Pathology at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology were studied. Intervention: Histologic material obtained by excision of lacrimal gland tumors was evaluated for different morphologic parameters. Clinical follow-up information was reviewed. Main Outcome Measures: All cases were evaluated for proportion of a basaloid histologic pattern: necrosis, hemorrhage, mitotic count, and perineural, vascular, intraosseous, leptomeningeal, and optic nerve invasion. These parameters were examined for an association with the clinical follow-up that was obtained for eight of the patients (mean follow-up, 10 years; range, 2-14 years). Results: Most of the patients were female (M:F = 2:9). Mean age was 14 years (range, 6.5-18 years). Of the patients with follow-up, 5 (62.5%) of 8 survived. Estimated survival rate at 15 years was 58% (Kaplan-Meier analysis). Survivors had 25% or less basaloid histology. Necrosis, hemorrhage, perineural invasion, and mitotic count were less prominent in survivors than in those who died of disease. Vascular invasion was seen only in fatal cases. Conclusions: Young patients with adenoid cystic carcinomas have a better prognosis than do adult patients, which may be due to their tumors having less aggressive histologic features. C1 ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT ENVIRONM PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. NAVAL HOSP,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,CHARLESTON,SC. RP Tellado, MV (reprint author), USAF,ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT OPHTHALM PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306, USA. NR 7 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 104 IS 10 BP 1622 EP 1625 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA XZ283 UT WOS:A1997XZ28300033 PM 9331201 ER PT J AU Grycewicz, TJ AF Grycewicz, TJ TI Lensless joint transform correlator SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE correlation pattern recognition; lensless joint transform correlator; single-lens joint transform correlator; chirp-encoded, Fresnel zone; high resolution AB The lensless joint transform correlator optically determines the relative x-y position of two pinholes. The pinholes are placed in parallel arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The Fraunhaufer diffraction patterns combine to form a joint transform plane. Because of the interference of the two signals, a Fresnel zone is formed in the joint Fraunhaufer diffraction pattern. This is captured and used in a second stage, just as the joint power spectrum is in a joint transform correlator. The joint transform is illuminated with a plane wave, and the output taken in the focal plane of the Fresnel zone. As with the single-lens joint transform correlator, the lensless joint transform correlator exhibits magnification between the input displacement and the output peak displacement. By using the third or fifth order focus of the Fresnel zone, the output resolution can be improved by a factor of three or five in both the x and y dimensions, The output has very good peak-to-noise ratio and position resolution. A peak-to-noise ratio of 106 dB with a resolution of 1.4 mu m are observed when using the fifth order focus of the Fresnel zone. (C) 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, ROME LAB, OPT SIGNAL PROC BRANCH, BEDFORD, MA 01731 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2781 EP 2786 DI 10.1117/1.601471 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA YA694 UT WOS:A1997YA69400018 ER PT J AU Steely, SL AF Steely, SL TI Harmonic oscillator fiducials for Hermite-Gaussian laser beams SO OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This paper exploits the identical functional forms of quantum mechanical harmonic oscillators and Helmite-Gaussian laser beams to investigate the probability densities of large-order modes. The classical limits of a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator provide corresponding integration limits for the photon probability densities of the laser-beam modes to determine the fraction of photons detected therein. The probabilities of detecting photons within the 'classical limits' of Hermite-Gaussian laser beams exhibit a power-law dependence in the limit of large-order modes and asymptotically approach unity, in agreement with the Correspondence Principle. The classical limits for large-order modes are shown to include all of the nodes and peaks for Hermite-Gaussian laser beams; Sturm's theorem provides a direct proof that is further illustrated by examination of the concavity and convexity of Hermite functions. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Steely, SL (reprint author), SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,1077 AVE C,MS-6400,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389, USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0143-8166 J9 OPT LASER ENG JI Opt. Lasers Eng. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 28 IS 3 BP 213 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S0143-8166(97)00003-1 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA XU789 UT WOS:A1997XU78900003 ER PT J AU Syms, CA House, WF AF Syms, CA House, WF TI Surgical rehabilitation of deafness SO OTOLARYNGOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MULTICHANNEL COCHLEAR IMPLANTS AB Cochlear implants are now an accepted treatment in the rehabilitation of sensorineural hearing impairment. An overview of our understanding of how implants work, the clinical indications, and the current expected results of implantation are briefly reviewed. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT SURG,SAN ANTONIO,TX. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. ALLHEAR INC,NEWPORT BEACH,CA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0030-6665 J9 OTOLARYNG CLIN N AM JI Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 30 IS 5 BP 777 EP & PG 8 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA YB166 UT WOS:A1997YB16600008 PM 9295253 ER PT J AU Eibling, DE Boyd, EM AF Eibling, DE Boyd, EM TI Rehabilitation of lower cranial nerve deficits SO OTOLARYNGOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS; RADICAL NECK DISSECTION; PASSY-MUIR VALVE; INTRACTABLE ASPIRATION; TRACHEOSTOMY; THYROPLASTY; DYSPHAGIA; INJECTION; PRESSURE; SURGERY AB Lower cranial nerve deficits following skull base surgery can be accompanied by significant morbidity, especially if the vagus nerve has been sacrificed or injured. Loss of pharyngeal function and glottic closure can result in dysphagia and aspiration. Left untreated, these can result in the major morbidity for the patient following skull base surgery. The authors discuss the management of lower cranial nerve deficits, with emphasis on rehabilitation of swallowing function and prevention of aspiration following vagal injury. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,VA PITTSBURGH HLTH CARE SYST,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL,PITTSBURGH,PA. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0030-6665 J9 OTOLARYNG CLIN N AM JI Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 30 IS 5 BP 865 EP & PG 12 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA YB166 UT WOS:A1997YB16600012 PM 9295257 ER PT J AU Syms, CA Arriaga, MA AF Syms, CA Arriaga, MA TI Rehabilitation of neurotologic diseases - Preface SO OTOLARYNGOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ALLEGHENY GEN HOSP,HEARING & BALANCE CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA 15212. RP Syms, CA (reprint author), 59TH MDW MKCE,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0030-6665 J9 OTOLARYNG CLIN N AM JI Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 30 IS 5 BP R11 EP R11 PG 1 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA YB166 UT WOS:A1997YB16600001 ER PT J AU Torok, TJ Kilgore, PE Clarke, MJ Holman, RC Bresee, JS Glass, RI Odom, J Goodenough, F Nelson, R Hardy, C Inderlied, CB Bovey, S Hartin, MS Margesson, K Lee, MH Robinson, CC Egbertson, S Huber, KM Reichwein, B Julian, SL Marchetti, NJ Christensen, ML Mazza, A Smaron, MF Frank, A Mason, TJ Swack, NS Creek, PA Luttrell, D Sundin, DR Doucet, C Jamison, RM Morin, M Hammond, PG Spencer, S Doveikis, SA Turner, N Guskey, L Humphries, JE Abel, D Bonnot, T Buller, R Hanauer, JM Norberg, L Yam, P Cavalieri, S Kelly, D Rantz, H Aiazzi, DK Fortier, WF Vasallo, M Perez, G Oty, GW Armstrong, GV RiepenhoffTalty, M Leonardi, G Lipson, SN Hartley, C Miller, SE Ulmer, G AF Torok, TJ Kilgore, PE Clarke, MJ Holman, RC Bresee, JS Glass, RI Odom, J Goodenough, F Nelson, R Hardy, C Inderlied, CB Bovey, S Hartin, MS Margesson, K Lee, MH Robinson, CC Egbertson, S Huber, KM Reichwein, B Julian, SL Marchetti, NJ Christensen, ML Mazza, A Smaron, MF Frank, A Mason, TJ Swack, NS Creek, PA Luttrell, D Sundin, DR Doucet, C Jamison, RM Morin, M Hammond, PG Spencer, S Doveikis, SA Turner, N Guskey, L Humphries, JE Abel, D Bonnot, T Buller, R Hanauer, JM Norberg, L Yam, P Cavalieri, S Kelly, D Rantz, H Aiazzi, DK Fortier, WF Vasallo, M Perez, G Oty, GW Armstrong, GV RiepenhoffTalty, M Leonardi, G Lipson, SN Hartley, C Miller, SE Ulmer, G TI Visualizing geographic and temporal trends in rotavirus activity in the United States, 1991 to 1996 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diarrhea; disease outbreaks; epidemiology; gastroenteritis; kriging; rotavirus infections; seasons; spatial analysis; surveillance; United States ID CHILDREN; EPIDEMIC; IMMUNIZATION; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; FRANCE AB Background. Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide, A vaccine may soon be licensed for use in the United States to prevent this disease, To characterize US geographic and temporal trends in rotavirus activity, we made contour maps showing the timing of peak rotavirus activity. Methods, From July, 1991, through June, 1996, 79 laboratories participating in the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System reported on a weekly basis the number of stool specimens that tested positive for rotavirus, The peak weeks in rotavirus detections from each laboratory were mapped using kriging, a modeling technique originally developed for geostatistics. Results, During the B-year period 118 716 fecal specimens were examined, of which 27 616 (23%) were positive for rotavirus. Timing of rotavirus activity varied by geographic location in a characteristic pattern in which peak activity occurred first in the Southwest from October through December and last in the Northeast in April or May, The Northwest exhibited considerable year-to-year variability (range, December to May) in the timing of peak activity, whereas the temporal pattern in the remainder of the contiguous 48 states was relatively constant, Conclusion, Kriging is a useful method for visualizing geographic and temporal trends in rotavirus activity in the United States, This analysis confirmed trends reported in previous years, and it also identified unexpected variability in the timing of peak rotavirus activity in the Northwest, The causes of the seasonal differences in rotavirus activity by region are unknown, Tracking of laboratory detections of rotavirus may provide an effective surveillance tool to assess the impact of a rotavirus vaccination campaign in the United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ALABAMA,BIRMINGHAM,AL. UNIV ARIZONA,MED CTR,TUCSON,AZ. ARKANSAS CHILDRENS HOSP,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72202. LONG BEACH MEM MED CTR,LONG BEACH,CA. CHILDRENS HOSP LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90027. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,MED CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CHILDRENS HOSP,SAN DIEGO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,MED CTR,RAPID DIAGNOST LAB,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. UCSF,MT ZION MED CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. STANFORD UNIV HOSP,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,HARBOR MED CTR,TORRANCE,CA 90509. CHILDRENS HOSP,DENVER,CO 80218. CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT. YALE NEW HAVEN MED CTR,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504. MED CTR DELAWARE,NEWARK,DE. EMORY,EGLESTON CHILDRENS HOSP,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV HAWAII,SCH MED,HONOLULU,HI 96822. CHILDRENS MEM HOSP,CHICAGO,IL 60614. COOK CTY HOSP,CHICAGO,IL 60612. UNIV CHICAGO,MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV ILLINOIS,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL. INDIANA UNIV HOSP,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. UNIV IOWA,STATE HYG LAB,IOWA CITY,IA. UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,KANSAS CITY,KS 66103. ALLIANT HLTH SYST,LOUISVILLE,KY. CHAR HOSP NEW ORLEANS,NEW ORLEANS,LA. CHILDRENS HOSP,NEW ORLEANS,LA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,SHREVEPORT,LA. MAINE MED CTR,PORTLAND,ME 04102. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD. CHILDRENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02114. UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,LANSING,MI 48909. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,MED CTR,JACKSON,MS 39216. CHILDRENS MERCY HOSP,KANSAS CITY,MO 64108. ST LOUIS UNIV,CARDINAL GLENNON CHILDRENS HOSP,ST LOUIS,MO. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,ST LOUIS,MO. MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. COMMUNITY MED CTR,MISSOULA,MT. CHILDRENS MEM HOSP,OMAHA,NE. ST JOSEPHS HOSP,OMAHA,NE. UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,OMAHA,NE. ASSOCIATED PATHOL LABS,LAS VEGAS,NV. WASHOE CITY MED CTR,RENO,NV. CONCORD HOSP,CONCORD,NH. HACKENSACK MED CTR,HACKENSACK,NJ 07604. ST MICHAELS HOSP,NEWARK,NJ 07102. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY. SUNY COLL BUFFALO,CHILDRENS HOSP BUFFALO,BUFFALO,NY 14222. NASSAU CTY MED CTR,E MEADOW,NY 11554. N SHORE UNIV HOSP,MANHASSET,NY 11030. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC. FARGO CLIN LTD,FARGO,ND. METROHLTH MED CTR,CLEVELAND,OH. CHILDRENS HOSP OKLAHOMA,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. GEISINGER MED CTR,DANVILLE,PA 17822. RHODE ISL HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI. RICHLAND MEM HOSP,COLUMBIA,SC. GREENVILLE MEM HOSP,GREENVILLE,SC. UNIV S DAKOTA,SCH MED,SIOUX FALLS,SD. VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN. VANDERBILT UNIV,MED CTR,NASHVILLE,TN. DRISCOLL FDN CHILDRENS HOSP,CORPUS CHRISTI,TX. PROVIDENCE MEM HOSP,EL PASO,TX. ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. UNIV HOSP,S TEXAS MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. UNIV UTAH,SCH MED,PRIMARY CHILDRENS MED CTR,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,RICHMOND,VA 23298. UNIV WASHINGTON,CHILDRENS HOSP,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CHARLESTON AREA MED CTR,CHARLESTON,WV. W VIRGINIA UNIV HOSP,MORGANTOWN,WV. UNIV WISCONSIN,WISCONSIN STATE LAB HYG,MADISON,WI 53706. CHILDRENS HOSP WISCONSIN,MILWAUKEE,WI 53201. MILWAUKEE HLTH DEPT,MILWAUKEE,WI. CLIN LABS,CHEYENNE,WY. RI Kilgore, Paul/L-1462-2013 OI Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482 NR 17 TC 74 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 16 IS 10 BP 941 EP 946 DI 10.1097/00006454-199710000-00007 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA YA647 UT WOS:A1997YA64700006 PM 9380468 ER PT J AU Johnson, C May, DA McCabe, KM Guse, R Resnick, D AF Johnson, C May, DA McCabe, KM Guse, R Resnick, D TI Non-cartilaginous metaphyseal cysts in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease: report of a case SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABNORMALITIES; EPIPHYSEAL AB Discrete metaphyseal radiolucent lesions, often termed ''metaphyseal cysts'', are a frequent finding in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Recent literature emphasizes that such lesions represent ectopic physeal cartilage. This paper reports a case in which biopsy of the metaphyseal lesion indicated that no cartilage was present. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,PSRD,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ORTHOPAED SURG,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. UCSD,VA MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,LA JOLLA,CA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 10 BP 824 EP 826 DI 10.1007/s002470050245 PG 3 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YC033 UT WOS:A1997YC03300017 PM 9323253 ER PT J AU Shenberger, JS Shew, RL Johnson, DE AF Shenberger, JS Shew, RL Johnson, DE TI Hyperoxia-induced airway remodeling and pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia in the weanling rat SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE; IMMATURE RATS; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; NEUROEPITHELIAL BODIES; HYPOXIC RAT; LUNG; CALCITONIN; PROLIFERATION; CGRP; HYPERTENSION AB Infants dying with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) demonstrate increased numbers of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC). These infants also possess altered airway epithelial and smooth muscle dimensions reminiscent of oxygen-exposed animals. Because the pathogenesis of BPD involves oxygen toxicity, we hypothesized that chronic hyperoxia would induce both airway remodeling and PNEC hyperplasia. To test this theory, we compared the small airway morphology of 21-d-old rats subsequently exposed to 2 wk of >95% O-2, (Ox; n = 12) with that of normoxic controls (Con; n = 12). In paraffin-embedded sections, airways <1500 mu m cut in cross-section were analyzed using light microscopy and image analysis software. The degree of epithelial and smooth muscle hyperplasia was assessed with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). PNEC content was assessed via immunohistochemical staining for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the number of solitary PNEC (PNECsol) and PNEC clusters (neuroepithelial bodies, NEB) counted per section. We found that oxygen exposure increased epithelial and smooth muscle wall thickness (epithelium: Con, 12.3 +/- 1.4 versus Ox, 14.8 +/- 1.4 mu m, p < 0.05; smooth muscle: Con, 7.0 +/- 1.0 versus Ox, 10.0 +/- 1.0 mu m, p < 0.05). The changes in wall dimensions were accompanied by a 20% increase in fractional PCNA labeling of the epithelium but not the smooth muscle. Both PNECsol and NEB number increased in the Ox group (PNECsol Con, 3.6 +/- 2.6 versus Ox, 6.3 +/- 3.1/100 mm epithelium, p < 0.05; NEB Con, 7.1 +/- 4.0 versus 11.9 +/- 3.6/100 mm epithelium, p < 0.05), These findings document an association between hyperoxia, airway remodeling, and PNEC hyperplasia and imply that PNEC products may contribute to the pathogenesis of oxygen-related pulmonary diseases such as BPD. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,DEPT CELL BIOL & NEUROANAT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP Shenberger, JS (reprint author), USAF,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,PSP,DIV NEONATOL,59TH MED WING,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 42 IS 4 BP 539 EP 544 DI 10.1203/00006450-199710000-00020 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XX215 UT WOS:A1997XX21500020 PM 9380450 ER PT J AU Russell, JD Kardos, JL AF Russell, JD Kardos, JL TI Crosslinking characterization of a polyimide: AFR700B SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERIZATION; IMIDIZATION AB Crosslinking in AFR700B polyimide was studied using several techniques. Crosslinking could not be detected using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Swelling in n-methyl pyrroli done [NMP) showed network formation occurs at cure temperatures greater than or equal to 325 degrees C (617 degrees F), but the reaction kinetics could not be determined from the data. Dynamic mechanical analysis [DMA] studies have shown that the storage modulus (G') increased with increasing cure temperature up to 350 degrees C (662 degrees F), and was constant above 350 degrees C (662 degrees F), indicating that crosslinking via the reverse Diels-Alder reaction was occurring. A broad secondary transition was seen in the loss modulus (G '') curves, centered between 150 and 180 degrees C (302 and 356 degrees F). This secondary transition appeared at a cure temperature of 300 degrees C (572 degrees F) and became more dominant with increasing temperature and time. This secondary transition was not seen for cures <300 degrees C (572 degrees F) when the chains have not crosslinked. Therefore, this is likely due to a crosslink bond rather than one in the backbone. At 1 atm, crosslinking followed second-order kinetics based on the increase in glass transition temperature (T-g). The Arrhenius plot of the rate constant showed a break in the slope, possibly indicating a change in reaction mechanism. At 1.38 MPa (200 psi), the T-g data was too scattered to determine the kinetics. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. RP Russell, JD (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLBC,BLDG 654,2941 P ST,STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06804-0403 SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 18 IS 5 BP 595 EP 612 DI 10.1002/pc.10311 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA YB615 UT WOS:A1997YB61500002 ER PT J AU Skapek, SX Qian, YW Lee, EYHP AF Skapek, SX Qian, YW Lee, EYHP TI The retinoblastoma protein: More than meets the eyes SO PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID CELL-CYCLE ARREST; E2F TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE-PRODUCT; DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR; EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA-CELLS; LARGE T-ANTIGEN; S-PHASE ENTRY; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN; NUCLEAR TYROSINE KINASE; ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS AB Over the past 10 years, tumor suppressor genes involved in many human malignancies have been isolated, The retinoblastoma gene was the first such tumor suppressor gene to he cloned. Analysis of the retinoblastoma gene and the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) has increased our understanding of its diverse functions which include the regulation of cell cycle progression transcription factor activity, cellular differentiation and embryonic development. Analysis of proteins which interact with pRb has provided insight into the molecular basis for how pRb regulates these diverse processes. Functional deletion of pRb by homologous recombination proved that pRb indeed has an essential role for normal mouse development. Further study of cells and cell lines derived from these pRb-deficient mouse embryos has provided clues to the molecular basis for how pRb functions to suppress tumor formation in specific tissues, our present hypothesis is that, although pRb has universal effects on the regulation of the cell cycle, it has tissue-restricted effects on the regulation of differentiation, development and tumor-predisposition. This review will address recent developments in the understanding of these functions of pRb. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH SCI,INST BIOTECHNOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78245. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT HEMATOL ONCOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. NR 292 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1350-9462 J9 PROG RETIN EYE RES JI Prog. Retin. Eye Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 16 IS 4 BP 591 EP 626 DI 10.1016/S1350-9462(96)00033-X PG 36 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA XK967 UT WOS:A1997XK96700003 ER PT J AU Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V Varangis, PM Erneux, T Lythe, G AF Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V Varangis, PM Erneux, T Lythe, G TI Coexisting periodic attractors in injection-locked diode lasers SO QUANTUM AND SEMICLASSICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; OPTICAL-INJECTION; CHAOS; FEEDBACK; LOCKING; SUBJECT; ROUTE AB We present experimental evidence of coexisting periodic attractors in a semiconductor laser subject to external optical injection. The coexisting attractors appear after the semiconductor laser has undergone a Hopf bifurcation from the locked steady state. We consider the single-mode rate equations and derive a third-order differential equation for the phase of the laser field. We then analyse the bifurcation diagram of the time-periodic states in terms of the frequency detuning and the injection rate and show the existence of multiple periodic attractors. RP Gavrielides, A (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,NONLINEAR OPT CTR,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. OI Lythe, Grant/0000-0001-7966-5571 NR 20 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 1355-5111 J9 QUANTUM SEMICL OPT JI Quantum Semiclass. Opt. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 9 IS 5 BP 785 EP 796 DI 10.1088/1355-5111/9/5/010 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA YB242 UT WOS:A1997YB24200010 ER PT J AU Schuermeyer, F AF Schuermeyer, F TI Characterization of fully fabricated PHEMTS using photoelectric techniques SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Topical Workshop on Heterostructure Microelectronics (TWHM 96) CY AUG 18-21, 1996 CL SAPPORO, JAPAN SP Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, IEEE, EDS, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Inst Electr Informat & Commun Engineers AB Photoconduction and emission measurements have become an important tool to study the energy configuration of fully fabricated HEMTs. The spectral response provides information on the energy configuration of the well at the selected gate voltage. The transistor amplifies the photogenerated charge and this amplification provides information on charge confinement and storage. Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Schuermeyer, F (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AADD,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1529 EP 1533 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(97)00100-7 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA YL072 UT WOS:A1997YL07200021 ER PT J AU Bozada, C Cerny, C DeSalvo, G Dettmer, R Ebel, J Gillespie, J Havasy, C Jenkins, T Ito, C Nakano, K Pettiford, C Quach, T Sewell, J Via, GD Anholt, R AF Bozada, C Cerny, C DeSalvo, G Dettmer, R Ebel, J Gillespie, J Havasy, C Jenkins, T Ito, C Nakano, K Pettiford, C Quach, T Sewell, J Via, GD Anholt, R TI Thermal management of microwave power heterojunction bipolar transistors SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Topical Workshop on Heterostructure Microelectronics (TWHM 96) CY AUG 18-21, 1996 CL SAPPORO, JAPAN SP Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, IEEE, EDS, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Inst Electr Informat & Commun Engineers ID HBT; OPERATION; IMPEDANCE AB A comprehensive study of the device layout effects on thermal resistance in thermally-shunted heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) was completed. The thermal resistance scales linearly with emitter dot diameter for single element HBTs. For multiple emitter element devices, the thermal resistance scales with area. HBTs with dot geometrics have lower thermal impedance than bar HBTs with equivalent emitter area. The thermal resistance of a 200 mu m(2) emitter area device was reduced from 266 degrees C/W to 146 degrees C/W by increasing the shunt thickness from 3 mu m to 20 mu m and placing a thermal shunt landing between the fingers. Also, power-added efficiencies at 10 GHz were improved from 30% to 68% by this thermal resistance reduction. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 GATEWAY MODELING INC,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414. RP Bozada, C (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AADD,2241 AVION CIRCLE RM C2G69,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1667 EP 1673 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(97)00121-4 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA YL072 UT WOS:A1997YL07200043 ER PT J AU DuBois, JJ Jenkins, JR Egan, JC AF DuBois, JJ Jenkins, JR Egan, JC TI Transinguinal laparoscopic examination of the contralateral groin in pediatric herniorrhaphy SO SURGICAL LAPAROSCOPY & ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Article DE contralateral groin exploration; laparoscopy; pediatric herniorrhaphy ID UNILATERAL INGUINAL-HERNIA; DIAGNOSTIC PNEUMOPERITONEUM; CHILDREN; INFANTS; SIDE AB The authors laparoscopically assessed the contralateral groin (CG) via the symptomatic inguinal hernia in 91 patients to avoid unnecessary CG exploration and to allow for identification of asymptomatic CG hernias. Once the symptomatic hernia sac was opened, a 4.5-mm trocar was placed intraperitoneally and the CG internal ring was inspected with a 4-mm laparoscope. When compared with the authors' previous surgical policy for routine CG exploration in children younger than 2 years of age, laparoscopic findings altered the procedure performed in 42, of 91 patients (46.2%). In patients younger than 2 years of age, the CG did not require repair of an unsuspected hernia in 55.9% of patients based on laparoscopic findings. Conversely, in children 2 years of age or older, 40.4% required CG repairs of unsuspected hernias or patent processus vaginalis (PPV). Transinguinal laparoscopic examination in pediatric herniorrhaphy provides important information about the CG without the need for additional trocar sites. C1 60TH MED OPERAT SQUADRON,PEDIAT SURG SECT,DEPT SURG,TRAVIS AFB,CA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1051-7200 J9 SURG LAPAROSC ENDOSC JI Surg. Laparoscopy Endosc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 7 IS 5 BP 384 EP 387 DI 10.1097/00019509-199710000-00005 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA YC098 UT WOS:A1997YC09800006 PM 9348617 ER PT J AU Knolmayer, TJ Asbun, HJ Shibata, G Bowyer, MW AF Knolmayer, TJ Asbun, HJ Shibata, G Bowyer, MW TI An experimental model of cellular aerosolization during laparoscopic surgery SO SURGICAL LAPAROSCOPY & ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laparoscopy; tumor aerosolization; port site recurrence ID ABDOMINAL-WALL RECURRENCE; GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA; COLON-CANCER; TUMOR; CHOLECYSTECTOMY; DISSEMINATION; SITE; METASTASES; COLECTOMY AB Laparoscopic surgery for cancer has led to the unwelcome occurrence of malignant seeding of port sites. It is hypothesized that this seeding may be a result of aerosolization and forced egress of cells from the peritoneum as a result of pneumoperitoneum. The purpose of this study was to develop a model that would allow for future investigations of cellular aerosolization. Six swine were anesthetized, intubated, and ventilated. A port was placed in the midline and the abdomen insufflated. After insufflation a 14-gauge angiocath was placed in the abdomen through a separate site and attached to a closed system that allowed escaping air to bubble through 3 mi of saline. Intraabdominal pressure was serially increased at 30-min intervals to 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 mm Hg, and separate saline samples were collected at each interval. Saline samples were centrifuged, and epithelial cells were counted by direct vision and Giemsa staining. Epithelial cells were recovered at all levels of pneumoperitoneum. There was a moderate correlation between the level of pneumoperitoneum and the number of cells collected (r=0.61, p<0.19). Results of this study suggest that during pneumoperitoneum there is an ongoing egress of aerosolized cells from the abdomen. Application of this model may aid in future study of aerosolization of cancer cells during laparoscopic surgery. C1 VET ADM UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT SURG 112,MARTINEZ,CA 94553. USAF,MED CTR,DEPT SURG,TRAVIS AFB,CA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1051-7200 J9 SURG LAPAROSC ENDOSC JI Surg. Laparoscopy Endosc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 7 IS 5 BP 399 EP 402 DI 10.1097/00019509-199710000-00008 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA YC098 UT WOS:A1997YC09800009 PM 9348620 ER PT J AU Seto, ML Nunes, ME Macarthur, CA Cunningham, ML AF Seto, ML Nunes, ME Macarthur, CA Cunningham, ML TI Pathogenesis of ectrodactyly in the Dactylaplasia mouse: Aberrant cell death of the apical ectodermal ridge SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHICK LIMB-BUD; OPTIC-NERVE COLOBOMAS; SPLIT FOOT LOCUS; VERTEBRATE LIMB; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; VESICOURETERAL REFLUX; RENAL ANOMALIES; CONTAINING GENE; SONIC HEDGEHOG; RETINOIC-ACID AB Dactylaplasia, or Dac, was recently mapped to the distal portion of mouse chromosome 19 and shown to be inherited as an autosomal semi-dominant trait characterized by missing central digital rays. The most common? locus for human split hand split foot malformation, also typically characterized by missing central digital rays, is 10q25, a region of synteny to the Dac locus. The Dac mouse appears to be an ideal genotypic and phenotypic model for this human malformation syndrome. Several genes lie in this region of synteny, however, only Fibroblast Growth Factor 8, or Fgf-8, has been implicated to have a role in limb development. We demonstrate that the developmental mechanism underlying loss of central rays in Dac limbs is dramatic cell death of the apical ectodermal ridge, or AER. This cell death pattern is apparent in E10.5-11.5 Dac limb buds stained with the supravital dye Nile Blue Sulfate. We demonstrate that Fgf8 expression in wild type limbs colocalizes spatially and temporally with AER cell death in Dac limbs. Furthermore, in our mapping panel, there is an absence of recombinants between Fgf-8 and the Dac locus in 133 backcross progeny with a median linkage estimate of approximately 0.5 cM. Thus, our results demonstrate that cell death of the AER in Dac limbs silences the role of the AER as key regulator of limb outgrowth, and that Fgf-8 is a strong candidate for the cause of the Dac phenotype. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV CONGENITAL DEFECTS,CRANIOFACIAL PROGRAM,SEATTLE,WA 98195. USAF,GENET CTR,KEESLER AFB,MS 39534. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA-70601]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-28834, K11 HD-01054] NR 72 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 262 EP 270 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199710)56:4<262::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA YK106 UT WOS:A1997YK10600005 PM 9408977 ER PT J AU Naboulsi, S Mall, S AF Naboulsi, S Mall, S TI Fatigue crack growth analysis of adhesively repaired panel using perfectly and imperfectly composite patches SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article AB Fatigue crack behavior of cracked aluminum panel repaired with the imperfectly bonded composite patch is analyzed. The imperfection is in the form of debond which could result during the bonding of patch or the service life of the repaired structure. Debonds, of various sizes and at different locations with respect to the crack front, are investigated. An analytical procedure, involving two-dimensional finite element method having three layers to model cracked plate, adhesive and composite patch, is used to compute the stress intensity factors of test coupons. From the computed stress intensity factors, the crack growth rates are obtained analytically by assuming that the relationship between the stress intensity factor and the crack growth rate after repair is the same as the fatigue crack growth relationship for cracked panel material. The fatigue crack growth rates obtained experimentally and analytically are in good agreement with each other and they vary linearly with crack length inside the patch. The experimental results are bounded between its analytical counterparts at the mid-plane and free edge surfaces of the cracked panel. The present analytical procedure can, thus, be used to characterize the effects of imperfectly and perfectly bonded composite patch repairs on the durability and damage tolerance of the repaired structure. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8442 J9 THEOR APPL FRACT MEC JI Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. PD OCT-NOV PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1 BP 13 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0167-8442(97)00027-X PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA YP345 UT WOS:000071267600002 ER PT J AU Frazier, JM AF Frazier, JM TI Predictive toxicodynamics: Empirical/mechanistic approaches SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article ID ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES; CADMIUM TOXICITY; ACUTE EXPOSURE; LIVER-INJURY; CARCINOGENESIS; MODEL AB A major objective of the toxicological sciences is to predict the in vivo toxicological consequences of human exposure to pure chemicals, complex mixtures and commercial formulations. Historically, the experimental approach to this goal has been to investigate toxicological processes in whole animal models and extrapolate the results obtained to predict human risk using various extrapolation procedures (high-dose/low-dose extrapolation, interspecies extrapolation and route-to-route extrapolation). Can in vitro methods be more widely employed in quantitative risk assessment? One major limitation to the broader application of in vitro toxicity testing methods is the lack of validated techniques for the extrapolation of in vitro-derived toxicodynamic data to the in vitro situation. The objective of this paper is to describe some approaches to the development of techniques to extrapolate in vitro toxicity testing data to predict in vivo toxicological responses. An empirical approach within the context of a mechanistic framework is explored. The basic hypothesis is that the in vivo response can be constructed from a cellular toxicity factor that accounts for the cellular response and a toxicodynamic factor that relates toxicological events at the cellular level to the observable in vivo responses. A predictive paradigm to describe the in vivo acute target organ toxicity (hepatotoxicity) of a model chemical (cadmium) is discussed. The cellular toxicity factor is derived from in vitro toxicity testing studies using isolated rat hepatocytes. The toxicodynamic factor is derived through Biologically-Based Response (BBR) modelling techniques to predict target organ toxicity markers (i.e. plasma hepatic enzyme levels as markers for acute hepatotoxicity). The ultimate goal is to develop validated extrapolation procedures that can be applied to predicting target organ toxicity quantitatively in human populations based on in vitro toxicity studies using human cellular models. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Frazier, JM (reprint author), USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD OCT PY 1997 VL 11 IS 5 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.1016/S0887-2333(97)00073-8 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA YH602 UT WOS:A1997YH60200009 PM 20654336 ER PT J AU Warrier, SG Majumdar, BS AF Warrier, SG Majumdar, BS TI Effects of the interface on the fatigue crack growth response of titanium matrix composites: modeling and impact on interface design SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mechanical Properties of Interfacial Materials CY JAN 14-19, 1996 CL KONA, HI DE titanium matrix composites; fatigue crack growth; interface properties; fiber strength; shear stress parameter; interface design; interface optimization ID FIBROUS COMPOSITES; FIBER COMPOSITES; BRIDGED CRACKS; MECHANICS; FAILURE AB The influence of the interface on the fatigue crack growth behavior of longitudinally loaded continuous SiC fiber reinforced Ti-6Al-4V composites was systematically studied using composites with three different interfaces. The shear stress parameter (<(tau)over bar>, defined in the text) for the three interfaces, SCS-6/Ti-6Al-4V, SCS-0/Ti-6Al-4V and Trimarc 1/Ti-6Al-4V, were evaluated to be 3, 10 and 1.7 MPa, respectively. These values showed a similar ranking as the bond strengths measured from transverse tension tests and frictional stresses measured from fiber pushout tests. Fiber strengths that were predicted from the crack bridging model were consistently lower than experimental measurements of extracted fibers, with SCS-6 fibers being most significantly affected. Issues of interface design have been addressed in the perspective of optimizing transverse strength and longitudinal fatigue crack growth properties. Also, the bridging analysis has been presented in a form that can be used by interface designers to predict the effect of interfacial properties and fiber strength on the life of a composite. These results suggest that for a given design stress, increasing the interfacial bond strength and shear sliding resistance will enhance the fatigue life of a composite provided the fiber strength can be maintained above the maximum fiber stress. Experimental validation of the advantages of using interfaces with a higher value of <(tau)over bar> is also provided. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 MLLM,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 1997 VL 237 IS 2 BP 256 EP 267 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00423-1 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YB711 UT WOS:A1997YB71100017 ER PT J AU Fino, SA Benwitz, KA Sullivan, KM LaMar, DL Stroup, KM Giles, SM Balaich, GJ Chamberlin, RM Abney, KD AF Fino, SA Benwitz, KA Sullivan, KM LaMar, DL Stroup, KM Giles, SM Balaich, GJ Chamberlin, RM Abney, KD TI Condensation polymerization of cobalt dicarbollide dicarboxylic acid SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; METAL-BASED POLYMERS; EXTRACTION; METALLOCENOPHANES; CESIUM; ROUTE C1 USAF ACAD, DEPT CHEM, CHEM RES CTR, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80840 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl & Radiochem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Chamberlin, Rebecca/A-1335-2011 OI Chamberlin, Rebecca/0000-0001-6468-7778 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD SEP 24 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 20 BP 4604 EP 4606 DI 10.1021/ic961182u PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA XY361 UT WOS:A1997XY36100049 ER PT J AU Misra, A Marshall, P AF Misra, A Marshall, P TI Computational studies of the isomers of ClIO and ClIO2 - Implications for the stratospheric chemistry of iodine SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-FARADAY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-2 THEORY; OZONE DEPLETION; POTENTIALS; MOLECULES; ENERGIES AB The geometries of three CIIO isomers and five CIIO2 isomers have been computed at the MP2 = fc/6-311 + G(3df) level of theory. MP2 = full/6-31G(d) vibrational frequencies were computed. Gaussian-2 energies and isodesmic reactions were employed to derive Delta(f)H(298) for CIIO, CIOI, ICIO, CIIO2, CIOIO, CIOOI, IOCIO and ICIO2 of 74.7, 82.5, 172.4, 17.0, 113.5, 132.0, 159.9 and 189.8 kJ mol(-1), respectively. These results were used to assess likely products of the IO + CIO reaction: there are both indirect pathways to I + ClO2 via bound intermediates, and a direct path via abstraction. The other products which are exothermic and capable of being formed without complex rearrangements are CIOIO, CIOOI and OCIOI. C1 UNIV N TEXAS,DEPT CHEM,DENTON,TX 76203. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC,DALLAS,TX 75243. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,CTR COMPUTAT MODELING NONSTRUCT MAT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0956-5000 J9 J CHEM SOC FARADAY T JI J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans. PD SEP 21 PY 1997 VL 93 IS 18 BP 3301 EP 3304 DI 10.1039/a702360j PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XW842 UT WOS:A1997XW84200004 ER PT J AU Boyan, BD Posner, GH Greising, DM White, MC Sylvia, VL Dean, DD Schwartz, Z AF Boyan, BD Posner, GH Greising, DM White, MC Sylvia, VL Dean, DD Schwartz, Z TI Hybrid structural analogues of 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 regulate chondrocyte proliferation and proteoglycan production as well as protein kinase C through a nongenomic pathway SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vitamin D; analogue; chondrocytes; nongenomic; differentiation; 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3; 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3; proteoglycan; protein kinase C ID VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; PRELIMINARY BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX VESICLES; ARACHIDONIC-ACID TURNOVER; CARTILAGE CELLS-INVITRO; RAT OSTEOSARCOMA CELLS; C,D-RING SIDE-CHAIN; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; RESTING ZONE; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE AB 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 and 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3 mediate their effects on chondrocytes through the classic vitamin D receptor (VDR) as well as through rapid membrane-mediated mechanisms which result in both nongenomic and genomic effects. In intact cells, it is difficult to distinguish between genomic responses via the VDR and genomic and nongenomic responses via membrane-mediated pathways. In this study, we used two hybrid analogues of 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 which have been modified on the A-ring and C, D-ring side chain (1 alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-3 beta-hydroxy-20-epi-22-oxa-26,27-dihomo vitamin D-3 (analogue MCW-YA = 3a) and 1 beta-(hydroxymethyl)-3 alpha-hydroxy-20-epi-22-oxa-26,27-dihomo vita min D-3 (analogue MCW-YB = 3b) to examine the role of the VDR in response of rat costochondral resting zone (RC) and growth zone (GC) chondrocytes to 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 and 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3. These hybrid analogues are only 0.1% as effective in binding to the VDR from calf thymus as 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3. Chondrocyte proliferation ([H-3]-thymidine incorporation), proteoglycan production ([S-35]-sulfate incorporation), and activity of protein kinase C (PKC) were measured after treatment with 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3, 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3, or the analogues. Both analogues inhibited proliferation of both cell types, as did 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 and 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3. Analogue 3a had no effect on proteoglycan production by GCs but increased that by RCs. Analogue 3b increased proteoglycan production in both CC and RC cultures. Both analogues stimulated PKC in CC cells; however, neither 3a nor 3b had an effect on PKC activity in RC cells. 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 and 3a decreased PKC in matrix vesicles from CC cultures, whereas plasma membrane PKC activity was increased, with 1,25-(OH)(2)D-3 having a greater effect. 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3 caused a significant decrease in PKC activity in matrix vesicles from RC cultures; 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3, 3a, and 3b increased PKC activity in the plasma membrane fraction, however. Thus, with little or no binding to calf thymus VDR, 3a and 3b can affect cell proliferation, proteoglycan production, and PKC activity. The direct membrane effect is analogue-specific and cell maturation-dependent. By studying analogues with greatly reduced affinity for the VDR, we have provided further evidence for the existence of a membrane receptor(s) involved in mediating nongenomic effects of vitamin D metabolites. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PERIODONT,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH ARTS & SCI,DEPT CHEM,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. USAF,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78284. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,HADASSAH FAC DENT MED,DEPT PERIODONT,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP Boyan, BD (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT ORTHOPAED,7703 FLOYD CURL DR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284, USA. OI Dean, David/0000-0002-4512-9065 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-08603, DE-05937]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-30052] NR 65 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 66 IS 4 BP 457 EP 470 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19970915)66:4<457::AID-JCB5>3.0.CO;2-K PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA XT435 UT WOS:A1997XT43500005 PM 9282324 ER PT J AU Kudryashov, AV Gonglewski, J Browne, S Highland, R AF Kudryashov, AV Gonglewski, J Browne, S Highland, R TI Liquid crystal phase modulator for adaptive optics. Temporal performance characterization SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE phase modulator; liquid crystal; aberrations AB The study of the temporal performance of a nematic liquid crystal phase modulator with 69 phase retardance cells is presented. The change of Strehl ratio for defocus under static and dynamic conditions is discussed. It is observed that the rate of arbitrary phase modulation is limited to about 1.7 Hz with this device. Finally, suggestions for improving the bandwidth are given. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 OPT SCI CO,ANAHEIM,CA 92825. KAMAN SCI CORP,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87112. RP Kudryashov, AV (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,PL,LIMI,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87117, USA. RI Kudryashov, Alexis/E-1280-2014 OI Kudryashov, Alexis/0000-0002-7856-2834 NR 10 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 141 IS 5-6 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(97)00256-3 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA XU722 UT WOS:A1997XU72200003 ER PT J AU Hasselbeck, MP VanStryland, EW SheikBahae, M AF Hasselbeck, MP VanStryland, EW SheikBahae, M TI Dynamic band unblocking and leakage two-photon absorption in InSb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON SCATTERING RATES; OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES; SEMICONDUCTORS; INAS; SPECTROSCOPY; COEFFICIENTS; REFRACTION; DEPENDENCE; 2-PHOTON; PLASMAS AB An experimental demonstration of a dynamic decrease of the optical band gap of bulk n-InSb induced by picosecond, midinfrared laser pulses is reported. This occurs as a result of laser heating of the quiescent electron distribution by free-carrier absorption. The hot electrons vacate low-energy states near the conduction;band minimum,unblocking terminal states for two-photon absorption across the band gap. This ''leakage'' two-photon absorption is detected as a consequence of changes to the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the semiconductor caused by photocarriers. The onset of dynamic band unblocking agrees with a calculation of laser-induced electron heating. C1 UNIV CENT FLORIDA,CREOL,ORLANDO,FL 32826. UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. USAF,PHILLIPS LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 12 BP 7395 EP 7403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.7395 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YA575 UT WOS:A1997YA57500051 ER PT J AU Munichandraiah, N Sivasankar, G Scanlon, LG Marsh, RA AF Munichandraiah, N Sivasankar, G Scanlon, LG Marsh, RA TI Characterization of PEG-PAN hybrid solid polymer electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hybrid solid polymer electrolytes; ionic conductivity; interfacial resistance ID IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; CARBONATE; BATTERY AB Hybrid solid polymer electrolytes (HSPE) of high ionic conductivity were prepared using polyethylene oxide (PEG), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), propylene carbonate (PrC), ethylene carbonate (EC), and LiClO4. These electrolyte films were dry, free standing, and dimensionally stable. The HSPE films were characterized by constructing symmetrical cells containing nonblocking lithium electrodes as well as blocking stainless steel electrodes. Studies were made on ionic conductivity, electrochemical reaction, interfacial stability, and morphology of the films using alternating current impedance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The properties of HSPE were compared with the films prepared using (i) PEO, PrC, and LiClO4; and (ii) PAN, PrC, EC, and LiClO4. The specific conductivity of the HSPE films was marginally less. Nevertheless, the dimensional stability was much superior. The interfacial stability of lithium was similar in the three electrolyte films. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,BATTERY ELECTROCHEM SECT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Munichandraiah, N (reprint author), INDIAN INST SCI,DEPT INORGAN & PHYS CHEM,BANGALORE 560012,KARNATAKA,INDIA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 12 PY 1997 VL 65 IS 11 BP 2191 EP 2199 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970912)65:11<2191::AID-APP16>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA XR148 UT WOS:A1997XR14800016 ER PT J AU Brigantic, RT Roggemann, MC Bauer, KW Welsh, BM AF Brigantic, RT Roggemann, MC Bauer, KW Welsh, BM TI Image-quality metrics for characterizing adaptive optics system performance SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; atmospheric optics; image quality ID SPECTRUM AB Adaptive optics system (AOS) performance is a function of the system design, seeing conditions, and light level of the wave-front beacon. It is desirable to optimize the controllable parameters in an AOS to maximize some measure of performance. For this optimization to be useful, it is necessary that a set of image-quality metrics be developed that vary monotonically with the AOS performance under a wide variety of imaging environments. Accordingly, as conditions change, one can be confident that the computed metrics dictate appropriate system settings that will optimize performance. Three such candidate metrics are presented. The first is the Strehl ratio; the second is a novel metric that modifies the Strehl ratio by integration of the modulus of the average system optical transfer function to a noise-effective cutoff frequency at which some specified image spectrum signal-to-noise ratio level is attained; and the third is simply the cutoff frequency just mentioned. It is shown that all three metrics are correlated with the rms error (RMSE) between the measured image and the associated diffraction-limited image. Of these, the Strehl ratio and the modified Strehl ratio exhibit consistently high correlations with the RMSE across a broad range of conditions and system settings. Furthermore, under conditions that yield a constant average system optical transfer function, the modified Strehl ratio can still be used to delineate image quality, whereas the Strehl ratio cannot. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN PHYS,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Brigantic, RT (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT OPERAT SCI,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 10 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 26 BP 6583 EP 6593 DI 10.1364/AO.36.006583 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA XU566 UT WOS:A1997XU56600002 PM 18259519 ER PT J AU Mohseni, H Michel, E Sandoen, J Razeghi, M Mitchel, W Brown, G AF Mohseni, H Michel, E Sandoen, J Razeghi, M Mitchel, W Brown, G TI Growth and characterization of InAs/GaSb photoconductors for long wavelength infrared range SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERLATTICES; DETECTORS AB In this letter we report the molecular beam epitaxial growth and characterization of InAs/GaSb superlattices grown on semi-insulating GaAs substrates for long wavelength infrared detectors. Photoconductive detectors fabricated from the superlattices showed photoresponse up to 12 mu m and peak responsivity of 5.5 V/W with Johnson noise limited detectivity of 1.33 x 10(9) cm Hz(1/2)/W at 10.3 mu m at 78 K. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Mohseni, H (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,CTR QUANTUM DEVICES,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. RI Mohseni, Hooman/B-7253-2009; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 15 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 8 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1403 EP 1405 DI 10.1063/1.119906 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XU889 UT WOS:A1997XU88900041 ER PT J AU Natarajan, LV Sowards, LA Spangler, CW Sutherland, RL Fleitz, PA Cooper, TM AF Natarajan, LV Sowards, LA Spangler, CW Sutherland, RL Fleitz, PA Cooper, TM TI Spectroscopy and non-linear optical absorption of alpha,omega-dithienyl polyenes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45431. SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,DAYTON,OH 45431. WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,DAYTON,OH 45435. MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 11 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85900529 ER PT J AU Somerville, C Becvar, E AF Somerville, C Becvar, E TI Bioremediation of synthetic chemicals as a consequence of growth on petroleum hydrocarbons. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32404. APPL RES ASSOCIATES,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32404. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 12 EP FUEL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85701695 ER PT J AU Flurchick, K Bartolotti, L Windus, TL AF Flurchick, K Bartolotti, L Windus, TL TI Network based training material for computational chemistry. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO SUPERCOMP CTR,COLUMBUS,OH 43212. N CAROLINA SUPERCOMP CTR,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. MSRC PET,AERONAUT SYST CTR,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 21 EP COMP PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85701220 ER PT J AU Yu, H Calomiris, JJ AF Yu, H Calomiris, JJ TI Development of magnetic microplate fluorescence immunoassay for Escherichia coli and toxoid detection. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,AL,CFD,ERDEC,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. SRL INC,ERDEC,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 30 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700142 ER PT J AU Tsukruk, VV Bliznyuk, VN Campbell, AL AF Tsukruk, VV Bliznyuk, VN Campbell, AL TI Design of supramolecular polymer films. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIV,COLL ENGN & APPL SCI,KALAMAZOO,MI 49008. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WL MLPJ,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 53 EP MACR PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85901726 ER PT J AU Bates, NK AF Bates, NK TI Depleted Uranium issues in the United States Air Force. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,HLTH PHYS BRANCH,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 61 EP NUCL PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85702793 ER PT J AU Tan, LS Dean, DR Houtz, MD Song, HH Han, JY AF Tan, LS Dean, DR Houtz, MD Song, HH Han, JY TI Intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded, thermotropic liquid crystalline model compounds for dihydroxyphenylene-based rigid-rod ladder polybenzobisthiazole SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,POLYMER BRANCH,MLBP,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. HAN NAM UNIV,DEPT MACROMOL SCI,TAEJON 300791,SOUTH KOREA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 83 EP POLY PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85901017 ER PT J AU Unroe, MR Gupta, RK Sharma, RB Thiesing, NC AF Unroe, MR Gupta, RK Sharma, RB Thiesing, NC TI Preparation and characterization of endcapped poly(arylene ether) thermoplastic polymers for transparency applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLBP,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. DAYCHEM LABS INC,CENTERVILLE,OH 45459. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 106 EP POLY PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85901040 ER PT J AU Dang, TD Venkatasubramanian, N Dean, DR Price, GE Arnold, FE AF Dang, TD Venkatasubramanian, N Dean, DR Price, GE Arnold, FE TI Solvent cast thermoset rigid-rod molecular composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. SYSTRAN CORP,DAYTON,OH 45432. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,POLYMER BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 110 EP POLY PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85901044 ER PT J AU Venkatasubramanian, N Dang, TD Dean, DR Price, GE Arnold, FE AF Venkatasubramanian, N Dang, TD Dean, DR Price, GE Arnold, FE TI Solvent cast thermoplastic rigid-rod molecular composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SYSTRAN CORP,DAYTON,OH 45432. UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,POLYMER BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 111 EP POLY PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85901045 ER PT J AU Cooper, TM Campbell, AL Natarajan, LV Crane, RL AF Cooper, TM Campbell, AL Natarajan, LV Crane, RL TI Spectroscopic investigations of fluorescence and photosensitized chemiluminescence of the melanin-like biopolymer diazoluminomelanin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLPJ,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,DAYTON,OH 45432. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 116 EP POLY PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85901050 ER PT J AU Irvin, DJ Dudis, DS Reynolds, JR AF Irvin, DJ Dudis, DS Reynolds, JR TI Prediction of electronic properties of conducting polymers using semiempirical methods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,CTR MACROMOL SCI & ENGN,DEPT CHEM,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLBP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45377. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 119 EP POLY PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85901053 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, S Pachter, R TI Anti-icing ability of butane diols. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 127 EP COMP PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85701326 ER PT J AU Heyse, E Coulliette, DL Mika, DJ Hwang, KF McGowin, A AF Heyse, E Coulliette, DL Mika, DJ Hwang, KF McGowin, A TI Predicting sorbent geometry from batch-derived sorption rate data. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN & ENVIRONM MANAGEMENT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT MATH & STAT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,DAYTON,OH 45435. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 154 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85701641 ER PT J AU Schwab, JJ Lichtenhan, JD Carr, MJ Chaffee, KP Mather, PT RomoUribe, A AF Schwab, JJ Lichtenhan, JD Carr, MJ Chaffee, KP Mather, PT RomoUribe, A TI Hybrid nanoreinforced polyurethanes based polyhedral oligomeric silsesouioxanes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HUGHES STX,PHILLIPS LAB,EDWARDS AFB,CA 93524. PHILLIPS LAB,PROP DIRECTORATE,EDWARDS AFB,CA 93524. WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 295 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85901557 ER PT J AU Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ Tondiglia, VP AF Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ Tondiglia, VP TI Liquid crystal dispersions in polymers: Novel nanostructures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,BEAVERCREEK,OH 45324. USAF,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 307 EP POLY PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ859 UT WOS:A1997XQ85901236 ER PT J AU Bergin, T Mahoney, MS Kay, AC Wirth, N Ritchie, DM Whitaker, WA Colmerauer, A Ichbiah, J Guidi, J Frankston, R Stewart, S Sammet, J Galler, B Steele, G Aditya, S Salomon, D Gabriel, RP Schorsch, T Conrad, P Crowl, L Mager, P Makrakis, S AF Bergin, T Mahoney, MS Kay, AC Wirth, N Ritchie, DM Whitaker, WA Colmerauer, A Ichbiah, J Guidi, J Frankston, R Stewart, S Sammet, J Galler, B Steele, G Aditya, S Salomon, D Gabriel, RP Schorsch, T Conrad, P Crowl, L Mager, P Makrakis, S TI HOPL II - Closing panel: The history of programming: Does our present past have a future? SO ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 APPLE COMP INC,CUPERTINO,CA 95014. PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. ETH ZURICH,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. AT&T BELL LABS,NAPERVILLE,IL 60566. USAF,WASHINGTON,DC 20330. FAC SCI LUMINY,F-13288 MARSEILLE,FRANCE. SYRACUSE UNIV,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. JACKSON LAB,BAR HARBOR,ME 04609. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV LONDON KINGS COLL,LONDON WC2R 2LS,ENGLAND. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. THINKING MACHINES CORP,BEDFORD,MA 01730. MIT,COMP SCI LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. UNIV MANITOBA,WINNIPEG,MB R3T 2N2,CANADA. USAF ACAD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. UNIV DELAWARE,NEWARK,DE 19716. OREGON STATE UNIV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. PERCEPT TECHNOL CORP,CANTON,MA 02021. RP Bergin, T (reprint author), AMERICAN UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20016, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 SN 0362-1340 J9 ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES JI ACM Sigplan Not. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 32 IS 9 BP 15 EP 37 DI 10.1145/270507.270509 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA XZ385 UT WOS:A1997XZ38500001 ER PT J AU Beutner, TJ Celik, ZZ Roberts, L AF Beutner, TJ Celik, ZZ Roberts, L TI Computational method for describing porous wall boundary conditions based on experimental data SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A computational and experimental study has been undertaken to investigate methods of modeling solid and porous wall boundary conditions in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. The procedure utilizes experimental pressure measurements at the walls to develop a flow-field solution based on the method of singularities. This solution is then imposed as a pressure boundary condition in a CFD simulation of the internal flowfield. The effectiveness of this method in describing the boundary conditions at the wind-tunnel walls using only sparse experimental measurements has been investigated. Verification of the approach using computational studies has been carried out using an incompressible flow solver. The current work demonstrates this technique for low-speed flows and compares the result with experimental data obtained from a heavily instrumented variable porosity test section. Position and refinement of experimental measurements required to describe porous wall boundary conditions has also been considered for application to other porous wall wind tunnels. The approach developed is simple, is computationally inexpensive, and does not require extensive or intrusive measurements. It may be applied to both solid and porous wall wind-tunnel tests. C1 LSI LOG,CHARACTERIZAT & SIMULAT DEPT,FREMONT,CA 94539. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP Beutner, TJ (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,EXPT OPERAT & DIAGNOST BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1456 EP 1463 DI 10.2514/2.268 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XU227 UT WOS:A1997XU22700003 ER PT J AU Liebst, BS Cobb, RG AF Liebst, BS Cobb, RG TI Structural damage identification using assigned partial eigenstructure - Reply SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP Liebst, BS (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1559 EP 1559 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XU227 UT WOS:A1997XU22700023 ER PT J AU ODonovan, JC Donaldson, JS Morello, FP Pensler, JM Vogelzang, RL Bauer, B AF ODonovan, JC Donaldson, JS Morello, FP Pensler, JM Vogelzang, RL Bauer, B TI Symptomatic hemangiomas and venous malformations in infants, children, and young adults: Treatment with percutaneous injection of sodium tetradecyl sulfate SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Radiological-Society-of-North-America Scientific Assembly CY NOV 26-DEC 02, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Radiol Soc N Amer ID CONGENITAL ARTERIOVENOUS-MALFORMATIONS; VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS; ARTERIAL EMBOLIZATION; EMBOLOTHERAPY; ALCOHOL; SCLEROTHERAPY; CHILDHOOD; EXTREMITY; PUNCTURE; AGENTS AB OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous sclerosis therapy using sodium tetradecyl sulfate for treatment of symptomatic hemangiomas and venous malformations in infants, children, and young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS, Fifty-two sclerosis procedures were performed in 21 patients who were 13 months to 24 years old. Six of these patients had hemangiomas, and the remaining 15 patients had venous malformations, Sodium tetradecyl sulfate was injected solely percutaneously in 49 procedures, by both percutaneous and arterial routes in two procedures, and intraarterially only in one procedure. Thirteen patients had sclerosis therapy alone, and eight patients had sclerosis therapy followed by surgery within 48 hr. RESULTS, Sclerosis therapy alone or sclerosis therapy followed by surgery was judged beneficial in 18 (86%) of 21 patients, including five of the six patients who had hemangiomas and 13 of the 15 patients who had venous malformations. Two patients had an equivocal response to the therapy, and one patient had no apparent benefit. Three of the 21 patients had minor complications (skin ulcers) but no long-term sequelae. CONCLUSION. Percutaneous injection of sodium tetradecyl sulfate, either alone or before surgery, is a safe and effective method of managing symptomatic hemangiomas and venous malformations. C1 CHILDRENS MEM HOSP,DEPT RADIOL,CHICAGO,IL 60614. CHILDRENS MEM HOSP,DEPT PLAST SURG,CHICAGO,IL 60614. NW MEM HOSP,DEPT RADIOL,CHICAGO,IL 60611. RP ODonovan, JC (reprint author), KEESLER AFB MED CTR,MDTS SGQXR 81,301 FISHER ST,RM 1A132,KEESLER AFB,MS 39534, USA. NR 22 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 169 IS 3 BP 723 EP 729 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XR811 UT WOS:A1997XR81100025 PM 9275886 ER PT J AU Waisel, DB Truog, RD AF Waisel, DB Truog, RD TI The end-of-life sequence SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomedical ethics; do-not-resuscitate orders; end-of-life care ID PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE; NOT-RESUSCITATE ORDERS; BRAIN-DEAD PATIENT; SUSTAINING TREATMENTS; ADVANCE DIRECTIVES; MEDICAL-CARE; LAZARUS SIGN; EUTHANASIA; ATTITUDES; FUTILITY C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. HARVARD UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. OI Waisel, David/0000-0002-5307-4092 NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD SEP PY 1997 VL 87 IS 3 BP 676 EP 686 DI 10.1097/00000542-199709000-00030 PG 11 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA XW914 UT WOS:A1997XW91400030 PM 9316975 ER PT J AU Grissom, TE Papier, KS AF Grissom, TE Papier, KS TI Transport ventilator performance under hypobaric conditions SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,PSSA,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD SEP PY 1997 VL 87 IS 3 SU S BP A436 EP A436 DI 10.1097/00000542-199709001-00436 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA XV636 UT WOS:A1997XV63600436 ER PT J AU Farnie, DE Storrow, A Whitley, H AF Farnie, DE Storrow, A Whitley, H TI Syncope in a 2-year-old: ED presentation of primary pulmonary hypertension SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB We describe the case of a previously well 2-year-old girl who was found to have primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) after presenting to the ED with syncope. Although physical examination findings were normal, an ECG and chest radiograph showed signs of PPH. The patient's hospital course was significant for syncopal episodes and sudden death while she awaited a heart transplant. This case illustrates that suspected cardiac syncope in the young warrants a focused ED evaluation with attention to causes of a life-threatening nature. RP Farnie, DE (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT EMERGENCY MED,PSAE,59TH MED WING,JOINT MIL MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 30 IS 3 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(97)70172-0 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA XU225 UT WOS:A1997XU22500016 PM 9287898 ER PT J AU Evwaraye, AO Smith, SR Mitchel, WC Hobgood, HM AF Evwaraye, AO Smith, SR Mitchel, WC Hobgood, HM TI Boron acceptor levels in 6H-SiC bulk samples SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 6H-SILICON CARBIDE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Thermal admittance spectroscopy has been used to determine the ground-state energies of the boron impurity in 6H-SiC. The background doping, N-A-N-D, of the samples used in this study ranged from 3x10(16) to 1x10(18) cm(-3). From electron spin resonance studies, it is known that boron substitutes for silicon in the silicon carbide lattice occupying three inequivalent sites. Using admittance spectroscopy the ground state energies of E-v+0.27 eV, E-v+0.31 eV, and E-v+0.38 eV were determined for the shallow boron acceptor in 6H-SiC. The free carrier concentration does not appear to be the only determining factor for which the boron acceptor level is observed. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV DAYTON,DEPT PHYS,DAYTON,OH 45469. UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP Evwaraye, AO (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLPO,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1186 EP 1188 DI 10.1063/1.119620 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XU062 UT WOS:A1997XU06200017 ER PT J AU Park, DG Reed, JC Morkoc, H AF Park, DG Reed, JC Morkoc, H TI Minority-carrier characteristics of SiNx/GaAs metal-insulator-semiconductor structures with Si/Ge interlayers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; P-TYPE GAAS; SI; TRANSISTORS; CAPACITORS; INTERFACE AB Minority-carrier response and conductance loss characteristics of SiNx/Si/Ge/n-GaAs(001) metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures are presented. The response time of minority carriers with Si(less than or equal to 10 Angstrom)/Ge (20 Angstrom) interlayers, as determined by the capacitance-voltage (C-V) method, is several orders of magnitude smaller than those with Si interlayers only, The minority carriers in it-type Si/Ge/GaAs layers respond to even a small ac signal of 1 kHz at room temperature, which is ascribed to the smaller band gap and thus a higher intrinsic carrier concentration of Cc. The minority carriers in the SiNx/Si/Ge/n-GaAs MIS structures respond to a 1 MHz signal at a sample temperature of 230 degrees C. Temperature-dependent C-V measurements on the GaAs MIS structure with Si/Ge, interlayers revealed the activation energy (E-a) of the minority-carrier recombination to be about 0.58 eV. The conductance loss characteristics of SiNx/Si/Ge/GaAs structures indicate a contribution by interface traps responding to slow states, while the fast states are a result of interface defects of the SiNx/Si/GaAs MIS system. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COORDINATED SCI LAB,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MAT SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Park, DG (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,FREDERICK SEITZ MAT RES LAB,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1210 EP 1212 DI 10.1063/1.119853 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XU062 UT WOS:A1997XU06200025 ER PT J AU Jablon, MJH Hoffman, JF AF Jablon, MJH Hoffman, JF TI Birth trauma causing nasal vestibular stenosis SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PALATAL GRAFTS; RECONSTRUCTION AB Nasal vestibular stenosis is caused by a disruption of the nasal vestibular lining with secondary proliferation of granulation and fibrous tissue. It is most commonly the result of significant nasal trauma or foreign body reaction, In the pediatric population, it is exceedingly rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature, We report the first case, to our knowledge, of complete stenosis caused by traumatic vaginal delivery. This case demonstrates the profound effect nasal vestibular stenosis can have on the developing nose. Correction can be difficult because of the tendency of wound contracture and recurrence. A new approach is presented, using a hard palace mucosal graft. This graft is tough, resilient, and easily harvested. Its ability to resist contracture obviates the need for postoperative stenting, which is especially useful in the pediatric population. C1 UNIV UTAH,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL HEAD & NECK SURG,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. RP Jablon, MJH (reprint author), USAF,OTOLARYNGOL SERV,HQ MED GRP 75,DEPT OTOLARYNGOL,7321 11TH ST,BLDG 570,HILL AFB,UT 84056, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 123 IS 9 BP 1004 EP 1006 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA XX189 UT WOS:A1997XX18900018 ER PT J AU Kendall, B Dunn, C Solanki, P AF Kendall, B Dunn, C Solanki, P TI A comparison of the effectiveness of malignancy detection in body fluid examination by the cytopathology and hematology laboratories SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY; CELLS AB Background.-Body fluid specimens in many institutions are submitted for cytologic examination as well as for examination in a clinical microscopy or hematology laboratory. The cytology laboratory is generally seen as the standard for detection of malignancy, whereas the clinical microscopy laboratory is often depended on predominantly for cell counting and categorization. Methods.-To analyze the effectiveness of the hematology laboratory at detecting malignant fluids, this study retrospectively analyzed reports on 397 body fluid specimens (cerebrospinal, pericardial, peritoneal, and pleural) that were concurrently submitted over a 12-month period to both the cytopathology laboratory and the hematology laboratory. Results.-Thirty-seven (9.3%) of the cases were diagnosed as malignant by at least one of the two examinations. The cytopathology examination reported 27 (73%) of the 37 malignant cases as malignant and 30 (81.1%) as at least atypical (27 malignant and 3 inconclusive), and the hematology examination reported 34 (91.9%) as malignant and 36 (97.3%) as at least atypical. A concordant malignant diagnosis was given by both laboratories in 24 (64.9%) of the 37 cases. Conclusions.-These results show that examination of specimens by the hematology laboratory can provide a highly sensitive diagnostic evaluation in addition to its more customary role of providing timely cell counts. RP Kendall, B (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 121 IS 9 BP 976 EP 979 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA XW175 UT WOS:A1997XW17500012 PM 9302931 ER PT J AU Ficarrotta, JC AF Ficarrotta, JC TI Are military professionals bound by a higher moral standard? SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Many people, both in and out of the military, believe that military professionals are bound by a higher moral standard. What, exactly, might this mean? And do we have good reasons for thinking military professionals are so bound? In this article, the author explores the various ways we might elucidate the meaning of a higher moral standard and examine the available justifications for being bound by one. I conclude that there are some scenarios in which the military professional is bound by a higher moral standard, but point out that at least one commonly understood version of the claim goes too far. There are limits to the higher moral standards we can justifiably think bind the military professional. RP Ficarrotta, JC (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT PHILOSOPHY,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA DEPT 3091 RUTGERS-THE STATE UNIV OF NJ, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08903 SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 59 EP & DI 10.1177/0095327X9702400103 PG 18 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA YJ093 UT WOS:A1997YJ09300003 ER PT J AU Carretta, TR AF Carretta, TR TI Male-female performance on US Air Force pilot selection tests SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OFFICER QUALIFYING TEST; GENDER DIFFERENCES; ABILITY AB Background: Recently, the U.S. Air Force conducted several studies to examine sex differences on pilot selection tests and training performance. Methods: Research has focused on mean score performance, the structure of ability, the predictive utility of pilot selection tests, and the causal role of ability and prior flying knowledge in the acquisition of additional flying knowledge and flying skills. Discussion: Despite male-female mean score differences on pilot selection tests, confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the same factors were being measured for both groups. In studies of predictive bias, no evidence of differential validity was found for male vs. female pilot trainees. An examination of causal models of ability and prior flying knowledge on the acquisition of additional flying knowledge and flying skills showed similar structure for men and women. RP Carretta, TR (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,HUMAN RESOURCES DIRECTORATE,AIRCREW SELECT RES BRANCH,AL HRMA,7907 LINDBERGH DR,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 68 IS 9 BP 818 EP 823 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA XU847 UT WOS:A1997XU84700007 PM 9293351 ER PT J AU Convertino, VA Baumgartner, N AF Convertino, VA Baumgartner, N TI Effects of hypovolemia on aortic baroreflex control of heart rate in humans SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FOREARM VASCULAR-RESISTANCE; ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE; SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY; RESPONSES; HYPOTENSION; SALINE; VOLUME AB Introduction: To test the hypothesis that hypovolemia can acutely increase the sensitivity of chronotropic baroreflex response, eight men (21-45 yr old) underwent measurements of heart rate response to aortic baroreceptor stimulation under normovolemic and hypovolemic conditions. Methods: Hypovolemia was acutely induced by a bolus injection of 30 mg of furosemide. The sensitivity of the aortic-cardiac baroreflex was determined with a similar to 15-mmHg elevation in mean arterial pressure (MAP) induced by steady-slate infusion of 30 to 97 mu g.min(-1) phenylephrine (PE) combined with similar to 13 mmHg lower body negative pressure (LBNP) to counteract central venous pressure elevations, and 17-19 mmHg neck pressure (NP) to offset increases in carotid sinus transmural pressure. The aortic-cardiac baroreflex gain was assessed by determining the ratio of the change in heart rate to the change in MAP (Delta HR/Delta MAP) between baseline and aortic baroreceptor isolated conditions (i.e., PE+LBNP+NP stage). Results: When compared to normovolemia (3182 +/- 163 ml), furosemide-induced hypovolemia (2812 +/- 101 ml) resulted in an average 12% reduction in plasma volume (p = 0.05). Hypovolemia increased the average gain of the aortic-cardiac baroreflex by 68% (0.71 +/- 0.26 to 1.19 +/- 0.37 beats.min(-1).mmHg(-1); p = 0.0349) while it had no effect on the calculated response of the carotid-cardiac baroreflex. Conclusions: These results indicate that greater aortic baroreflex sensitivity observed in individuals who are physically untrained or have been exposed to microgravity may be explained by smaller vascular volume rather than differences in autonomic function associated With adaptations to lower aerobic capacity. RP Convertino, VA (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB, PHYSIOL RES BRANCH, DIV CLIN SCI, AOCY, 2507 KENNEDY CIRCLE, BROOKS AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 68 IS 9 BP 838 EP 843 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA XU847 UT WOS:A1997XU84700010 PM 9293354 ER PT J AU Ratz, JW Downey, DC Marchand, EG AF Ratz, JW Downey, DC Marchand, EG TI For whom the bugs toil SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Tbe U.S. Department of Defense has saved millions of dollars in soil cleanup costs by implementing an oxygen-supplying technique known as in situ bioventing. The technique, which relies heavily on the work of subsurface microorganisms, has allowed for successful, low-cost bioremediation of over 130 fuel-contaminated sites in the U.S. C1 USAF,CTR ENVIRONM EXCELLENCE,BROOKS AFB,TX. RP Ratz, JW (reprint author), PARSONS ENGN SCI INC,DENVER,CO, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 67 IS 9 BP 53 EP 55 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA XU365 UT WOS:A1997XU36500035 ER PT J AU Fisher, SI Haga, JA Castleberry, SM Hall, RB Thompson, WC AF Fisher, SI Haga, JA Castleberry, SM Hall, RB Thompson, WC TI Validation of an automated HPLC method for quantification of hemoglobin S SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; QUANTITATION; SEPARATION; BLOOD C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. ARMSTRONG LAB,LAB SERV BRANCH,EPIDEMIOL RES DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. W ALLIS MEM HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,MILWAUKEE,WI 53227. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1667 EP 1669 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA XV897 UT WOS:A1997XV89700023 PM 9299955 ER PT J AU Tedesco, JW Powell, JC Ross, CA Hughes, ML AF Tedesco, JW Powell, JC Ross, CA Hughes, ML TI A strain-rate-dependent concrete material model for ADINA SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th ADINA Conference on Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis and ADINA CY JUN 18-20, 1997 CL MASS INST TECHNOL, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Mass Inst Tech HO MASS INST TECHNOL ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DYNAMIC FRACTURE; TESTS; STRENGTH AB The analysis, design and/or evaluation of protective structures and facilities for military use demands the accurate determination of material and structural response to high-intensity, short-duration impulse loadings. There currently exists a preponderance of data supporting increased strength characteristics in concrete, the primary construction material for protective facilities, at high strain rates. This paper summarizes the modification of the nonlinear concrete material model currently employed in the ADINA finite-element computer programs to account for high strain rate effects. The resultant strain-rate-dependent concrete material model encompasses the strain-rate range from 10(-7)s(-1)(quasi-static) to 10(3) s(-1), in both compression and tension. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 KESSINGER & SHEPARD ENGN,CLARKSVILLE,TN 37043. UNIV FLORIDA,GRAD ENGN & RES CTR,SHALIMAR,FL 32579. WRIGHT LAB,AIR BASE SURVIVABIL BRANCH,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. RP Tedesco, JW (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 29 TC 43 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 64 IS 5-6 BP 1053 EP 1067 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(97)00018-7 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA XJ041 UT WOS:A1997XJ04100016 ER PT J AU Gardner, TL Elston, DM AF Gardner, TL Elston, DM TI Painful papulovesicles produced by the puss caterpillar SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID DERMATITIS AB A residential gardener complained of immediate stinging when a ''fuzzy tan caterpillar'' fell across his fingers. He presented with painful hemorrhagic papules on the dorsal aspect of his right hand. Lepidopterism from contact with Megalopyge opercularis is described. RP Gardner, TL (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT DERMATOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD SEP PY 1997 VL 60 IS 3 BP 125 EP 126 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA XX351 UT WOS:A1997XX35100003 PM 9314615 ER PT J AU John, R AF John, R TI Stress intensity factor and compliance solutions for an eccentrically loaded single edge cracked geometry SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE compliance; eccentric load; fracture; fatigue crack growth; single edge crack; stress intensity factor; test geometry AB Eccentrically pin-loaded single edge cracked geometries are an excellent alternative to compact tension type geometries for testing some advanced composite materials. This paper discusses the development of stress intensity factor and compliance solutions for an eccentrically pin-loaded single edge cracked geometry, ESE(T). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLLN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(97)00070-2 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA YE791 UT WOS:A1997YE79100007 ER PT J AU Venkatasubramanian, N Dean, DR Price, GE Arnold, FE AF Venkatasubramanian, N Dean, DR Price, GE Arnold, FE TI Synthesis, properties and potential applications of sulpho-pendent poly(arylene ether ketone)s SO HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS; DESIGN; PEEK AB High molecular weight sulpho-pendent poly(arylene ether ketone) homopolymers and copolymers were synthesized with inherent viscosities ranging from 0.94 dl g(-1) to 1.20 dl g(-1) and glass transition temperatures (T(g)s) in the range 190-200 degrees C. Their potential use as transparent matrix hosts for second-order NLO chromophores was explored from the point of view of obtaining monodisperse guest-host systems mediated by specific interaction between the sulphonic acid pendant of the polymer host and the basic functionality of the chromophore structure. Homogeneously dispersed, optically clear thin him composites were obtained for aromatic heterocyclic chromophores with electron-rich thienyl, N,N-dialkylamino or N,N-diphenylamino donors and a pyridyl acceptor in their molecular structures. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,POLYMER BRANCH,MLBP,WL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP Venkatasubramanian, N (reprint author), SYSTRAN CORP,4126 LINDEN AVE,DAYTON,OH 45432, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0954-0083 J9 HIGH PERFORM POLYM JI High Perform. Polym. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 291 EP 307 DI 10.1088/0954-0083/9/3/008 PG 17 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA XZ207 UT WOS:A1997XZ20700008 ER PT J AU Gardner, MT Amburn, P AF Gardner, MT Amburn, P TI Simulation-based remote debriefing for Red Flag missions SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article RP Gardner, MT (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,JTMD,AO,1951 2ND ST SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 17 IS 5 BP 30 EP 39 DI 10.1109/38.610202 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA XT426 UT WOS:A1997XT42600006 ER PT J AU Stytz, MR Vanderburgh, J Banks, SB AF Stytz, MR Vanderburgh, J Banks, SB TI The Solar System Modeler SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTED VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS RP Stytz, MR (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT COMP ENGN & SCI,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 17 IS 5 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1109/38.610205 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA XT426 UT WOS:A1997XT42600008 ER PT J AU Wu, YF Keller, BP Keller, S Nguyen, NX Le, M Nguyen, C Jenkins, TJ Kehias, LT Denbaars, SP Mishra, UK AF Wu, YF Keller, BP Keller, S Nguyen, NX Le, M Nguyen, C Jenkins, TJ Kehias, LT Denbaars, SP Mishra, UK TI Short channel AlGaN/GaN MODFET's with 50-GHz f(T) and 1.7-W/mm output-power at 10 GHz SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A thin barrier-donor layer of 200 Angstrom was used to increase the active input capacitance and improve the extrinsic current-gain cutoff frequency (f(t)) of short-gate-length AlGaN/GaN MODFET's. 0.2-mu m gate-length devices fabricated on such an epi-structure with sheet carrier density of similar to 8 X 10(12) cm(-2) and mobility of 1200 cm(2)/Vs showed a record f(t) of 50 GHz for GaN based FET's. High channel saturation current and transconductance of 800 mA/mm and 240 mS/mm respectively were also achieved along with breakdown voltages of 80 V per mu m gate-drain spacing. These excellent characteristics translated into a CW output power density of 1.7 W/mm at 10 GHz, exceeding previous record for a solid-state HEMT. C1 HUGHES RES LABS,MALIBU,CA 90265. WRIGHT STATE UNIV,RES CTR,DAYTON,OH 45435. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,ELECTRON DEVICE DIV,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Wu, YF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. NR 16 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 18 IS 9 BP 438 EP 440 DI 10.1109/55.622522 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XR893 UT WOS:A1997XR89300012 ER PT J AU Stytz, MR Adams, T Garcia, B Sheasby, SM Zurita, B AF Stytz, MR Adams, T Garcia, B Sheasby, SM Zurita, B TI Rapid prototyping for distributed virtual environments SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Article AB The authors combine rapid and exploratory prototyping techniques to capture initially unknown,interdependent requirements in the development of distributed virtual environment applications, then employ containerization to accelerate data exchange. RP Stytz, MR (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 SN 0740-7459 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 5 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1109/52.605935 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA XU996 UT WOS:A1997XU99600022 ER PT J AU Sun, L Vittoria, C How, H Champion, MH AF Sun, L Vittoria, C How, H Champion, MH TI Steerable linear dipole antenna using ferrite phase shifters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 97) CY APR 01-04, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE AB We have fabricated a linear dipole array antenna containing four elements fed by ferrite phase shifters, The steering properties of the array have been thus measured. At f = 10 GHz, the radiation beam was steered 23 degrees when the bias field was changed from 2775 to 2874 Oe. C1 ELECTROMAGNET APPLICAT INC,BOSTON,MA 02109. USAF,ROME LAB,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731. RP Sun, L (reprint author), NORTHEASTERN UNIV,ECE DEPT,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 33 IS 5 BP 3436 EP 3438 DI 10.1109/20.617969 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA XW564 UT WOS:A1997XW56400270 ER PT J AU Greer, JM Palazotto, AN AF Greer, JM Palazotto, AN TI Application of a total Lagrangian corotational finite element scheme to inflation of a tire SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID HIGHER-ORDER THEORY; COMPOSITE PLATES; SHELLS; FORMULATION; DECOMPOSITION; STRESS; SOLIDS AB The aircraft tire maybe treated as a composite shelf, owing to its nylon-corded rubber ply construction. However, its construction is complex: the ply orientation angles, numbers of plys, ply thicknesses, and even the ply moduli change in the meridional direction (the direction perpendicular to the ''rolling'' direction). Moreover, the moduli of the materials used in construction span several orders of magnitude (isotropic rubber tread, nylon-corded rubber plys, steel bead wires). These features present a formidable challenge to the use of two-dimensional finite element codes when representing the behavior in individual plys is desired. In the current work, quasi-three-dimensional behavior of the tire, including transverse shear warping and thickness stretching, is generated through the finite element technique. The technique is based on the Jaumann stress measures, using a local and layer-wise displacement field to describe the behavior of the shell away from the reference surface. In contrast to stress-resultant models, this technique allows estimation of stresses and strains in individual plys, including interlaminar shear and peeling stresses. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Greer, JM (reprint author), FIVMB,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 34 IS 27 BP 3541 EP 3570 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(96)00210-7 PG 30 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA XW933 UT WOS:A1997XW93300003 ER PT J AU Hallgarth, MW AF Hallgarth, MW TI How to think about war and peace - Adler,MJ SO INTERNATIONAL PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review RP Hallgarth, MW (reprint author), USAF ACAD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOUND INT PHILOS EXCHANGE PI BRONX PA FORDHAM UNIV, CANISIUS HALL, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0019-0365 J9 INT PHILOS QUART JI Int. Philos. Q. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 37 IS 3 BP 366 EP 368 PG 3 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA XR621 UT WOS:A1997XR62100017 ER PT J AU Malas, JC Frazier, WG AF Malas, JC Frazier, WG TI Perspectives on new design tools for material processes SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Malas, JC (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MAT PROC DESIGN BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 49 IS 9 BP 32 EP 33 DI 10.1007/BF02914348 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA XV501 UT WOS:A1997XV50100006 ER PT J AU Khot, NS Eastep, FE Kolonay, RM AF Khot, NS Eastep, FE Kolonay, RM TI Method for enhancement of the rolling maneuver of a flexible wing SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 37th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 15-17, 1996 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB A technique for augmenting the aileron to increase the roll rates of a high-performance aircraft at high dynamic pressures for enhancement of the rolling maneuver is examined, Antisymmetric twist and camber distribution on a realistic flexible wing is determined to counteract the detrimental twisting moment of the aileron rotation to achieve recovery of the lost roll rates at high dynamic pressures, A method for prescribing the antisymmetric wing twist and camber distribution by reversing the twist and camber resulting from use of the aileron only is described, The retwisting and recambering of the wing is achieved by providing control forces obtained from a technique referred to as fictitious control surfaces, The technique of retwisting and recambering a flexible wing demonstrates a full recovery of roll rate at all dynamic pressures. Here, a full-scale realistic wing is considered for the assessment of strain energy as a measure of necessary control energy required to produce the antisymmetric twist and camber deformation on the aileron-twisted wing to recover the lost roll performance. C1 UNIV DAYTON,DEPT MECH & AEROSP ENGN,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP Khot, NS (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FLIGHT DYNAM DIRECTORATE,STRUCT DIV,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 34 IS 5 BP 673 EP 678 DI 10.2514/2.2228 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YA419 UT WOS:A1997YA41900015 ER PT J AU Barnes, PN Kushner, MJ AF Barnes, PN Kushner, MJ TI Ion-ion neutralization of iodine in radio-frequency inductive discharges of Xe and I-2 mixtures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; SYSTEMS; MOLECULES; LASER AB Xe/I-2 low-pressure electric discharges are being developed as efficient, long-lived ultraviolet lighting sources. In this work the kinetics of low pressure, 0.5-5 Torr, radio-frequency inductively excited discharges sustained in Xe and I-2 were investigated to determine the sours of radiating states. The diagnostics applied in this study include optical absorption and emission spectroscopy, microwave interferometry, and microwave absorption. We found that in rime modulated discharges, the emissions from excited states of atomic iodine decays with time constants of hundreds of microseconds. These observations are consistent with those states being populated by ion-ion neutralization. Electron-ion recombination leading to excited states appears not to be an important source of emission. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,2645 5TH ST STE 13,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. RI Kushner, Mark/A-7362-2008; Kushner, Mark/D-4547-2015 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 5 BP 2150 EP 2155 DI 10.1063/1.366022 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XT821 UT WOS:A1997XT82100021 ER PT J AU Park, DG Chen, Z Morkoc, H AF Park, DG Chen, Z Morkoc, H TI Characteristics of Si3N4/GaAs metal-insulator-semiconductor interfaces with coherent Si/Al0.3Ga0.7As interlayers SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Evolution and Advanced Characterization of Thin Film Microstructures, at the TMS 1997 Annual Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP TMS DE interfaces; metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS); Si/AlGaAs interlayers; SiN/GaAs ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; TRAP DENSITY; GAAS; CAPACITANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; REALIZATION; TRANSISTORS; CONDUCTION AB Si3N4/GaAs metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) interfaces with Si(10 Angstrom)/ Al0.3Ga0.7As (20 Angstrom) interface control layers have been characterized using capacitance-voltage (C-V) and. conductance methods. The structure was in situ grown by a combination of molecular beam epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition. A density of interface states in the 1.1 x 10(11) eV(-1)cm(-2) range near the GaAs midgap as determined by the conductance loss has been attained with an ex situ solid phase annealing of 600 degrees C in N-2 ambient. A dip quasi-static C-V demonstrating the inversion of the minority-carrier verifies the decent interface quality of GaAs MIS interface. The hysteresis and frequency dispersion of the MIS capacitors were lower than 100 mV, some of them as low as 50 mV under a field swing of about +/-2 MV/cm. The increase of the conductance loss at higher frequencies was observed when employing the surface potential toward conduction band edge, suggesting the dominance of faster traps. Self-aligned gate depletion made GaAs metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors with Si/Al0.3Ga0.7As interlayers having 3 mu m gate lengths exhibited a transconductance of about 114 mS/mm. The present article reports the first application of pseudomorphic Si/Al0.3Ga0.7As interlayers to ideal GaAs MIS devices and demonstrates a favorable interface stability. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COORDINATED SCI LAB,URBANA,IL 61801. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Park, DG (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,FREDERICK SEITZ MAT RES LAB,104 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1076 EP 1082 DI 10.1007/s11664-997-0247-9 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA XW113 UT WOS:A1997XW11300018 ER PT J AU Haven, BA Franke, ME AF Haven, BA Franke, ME TI Boundary layer excitation by periodic heating of a thin ribbon SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID WAVE C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Haven, BA (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT AERONAUT,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 1997 VL 119 IS 3 BP 559 EP 561 DI 10.1115/1.2819280 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YA270 UT WOS:A1997YA27000011 ER PT J AU Leitner, J Calise, A Prasad, JVR AF Leitner, J Calise, A Prasad, JVR TI Analysis of adaptive neural networks for helicopter flight control SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 07-10, 1995 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP AIAA AB The design of online adaptive neural networks for use in a nonlinear helicopter flight control architecture is treated. Emphasis is given to network architecture and the effect that varying the adaptation gain has on performance. Conclusions are based on a six degree-of-freedom nonlinear evaluation model of an attack helicopter and a metric that measures the network's ability to cancel the effect of modeling errors for a complicated maneuver. The network is shown to provide nearly perfect tracking in the face of significant modeling errors and, additionally, to cancel the model inversion error after a short initial period of learning. Furthermore, it Is shown that the performance varies gracefully and monotonically improves as the adaptation gain parameter is increased. The effect on control effort is modest and is mainly perceptible only during a short training episode that can be associated with transition from hover to forward flight. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH AEROSP ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332. RP Leitner, J (reprint author), USAF,RES LAB,GUIDANCE NAV & CONTROL BRANCH,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 11 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 20 IS 5 BP 972 EP 979 DI 10.2514/2.4142 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA XU125 UT WOS:A1997XU12500018 ER PT J AU Howard, RF Ondrovic, L Greenwald, DP AF Howard, RF Ondrovic, L Greenwald, DP TI Biomechanical analysis of four-strand extensor tendon repair techniques SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article AB Experience with flexor tendon repairs has suggested the superiority of the augmented Becker (MGH) technique for strength, toughness, and gap resistance. In an effort to apply these findings to the extensor tendons, 3 four-strand extensor tendon repair techniques were biomechanically tested in fresh human cadaver limbs: modified Bunnell, modified Krackow-Thomas, and MCH. Repairs were performed in Verdan's zone VI. Repaired tendons were distracted at constant speed until rupture. Tendon load and tendon distraction were continuously monitored. Benchmark values for load were measured as fingers were pulled from full metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint flexion to full extension, to 1-mm gap formation at the tenorrhaphy, and to complete rupture of the repair. The MCH repair proved significantly more resistant to gap formation (stronger and tougher) than the Bunnell and Krackow-Thomas repairs (p<.02). No differences were seen between groups in repair performance at MP joint extension and at complete rupture. This study suggests that the MGH technique has superior gap resistance to the other four-strand methods tested for extensor tendon repair in Verdan's zone VI. The MGH repair is recommended for extensor tendon repairs in zone VI when early postoperative motion regimens are considered. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SECT HAND SURG,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 22A IS 5 BP 838 EP 842 DI 10.1016/S0363-5023(97)80078-0 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA XZ217 UT WOS:A1997XZ21700012 PM 9330142 ER PT J AU Upadhyaya, SP Davis, FS Lee, JJ Zaw, K Bauer, L Heimer, NE AF Upadhyaya, SP Davis, FS Lee, JJ Zaw, K Bauer, L Heimer, NE TI Synthesis, H-1- and C-13-NMR spectra, crystal structure and ring openings of 1-methyl-6,9-epoxy-9-aryl-5,6,9,10-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[3,2-e][2H-1,5]o xazocinium methanesulfonate SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESES; NMR-SPECTRA; KETONES; 3-MERCAPTO-1,2-PROPANEDIOL; ASSIGNMENT; ENOL AB The methanesulfonic acid catalyzed reaction of 1-(4-chloro- and 2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1-methyl-2-imidazolyl)ethanones 1a and 1b with glycerol produced cis-and trans-{2-haloaryl-2-[(1-methyl-2-imidazolyl)methyl]-4-hydroxymethyl}-1,3-dioxolanes and 2a and 2b with a 2:1 cis/trans ratio. Besides these five-membered ketals, the reaction of la with glycerol afforded a small amount of trans-{2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(1-methyl-2-imidazolyl)methyl]-5 -hydroxy}-1,3-dioxane (3a, 7%). The reaction of methanesulfonyl chloride with cis-2 formed the corresponding methanesulfonates, cis-4, which rapidly cyclized to the title compounds 5. Base-catalyzed ring opening of 5 furnished 1-methyl-5,6-dihydro-6-hydroxymethyl-8-(4-chloro- and 2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[3,2-d][1,4]oxazepinium methanesulfonates 7. Acid-catalyzed hydrolyses of 5 or 7 provided 1-methyl-2-[(4-chloro- and 2,4-dichloro)phenacyl] -3-[(2,3-dihydroxy)-1-propyl]imidazolium salts 12. Structure proofs were based on extensive H-1 and C-13 chemical shifts and coupling constants and structures of 3a and 5a were confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. C1 USAF ACAD,DEPT CHEM,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. RP Upadhyaya, SP (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL PHARM,DEPT MED CHEM,MC 781,833 S WOOD ST,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI ODESSA PA PO BOX 993, ODESSA, FL 33556-0993 SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1607 EP 1620 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA YG066 UT WOS:A1997YG06600037 ER PT J AU Ashbee, KHG AF Ashbee, KHG TI Shear creep of aircraft gas turbine alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 MLLN,WL,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 17 BP 1444 EP 1445 DI 10.1023/A:1018534016060 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA XW093 UT WOS:A1997XW09300009 ER PT J AU Doski, JJ Butler, TJ Louder, DS Dickey, LA Cheu, HW AF Doski, JJ Butler, TJ Louder, DS Dickey, LA Cheu, HW TI Outcome of infants requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE cardiopulmonary resuscitation; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; congenital diaphragmatic hernia; meconium aspiration syndrome; sepsis; primary pulmonary hypertension of the newborn; respiratory distress syndrome ID RESPIRATORY-FAILURE; CARDIAC-ARREST AB Background/Purpose: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is reported to be used in a significant number of neonates before initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This report establishes the incidence of infants who require CPR before initiation of ECMO a nd elucidates survival rates and long-term neurological outcomes. In addition, the authors sought prognostic factors that could reliably predict survival or long-term neurological outcome before initiating ECMO support. Methods: The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry provided data on 839 neonates who received CPR before ECMO from January 1989 to April 1995. Supplemental questionnaires on 414 infants were returned from 64 ECMO centers regarding details of the CPR event and subsequent neurological development. One-year neurological evaluations were provided on 112 infants. Data were analyzed for statistical significance using chi(2), multiple logistic regression, and Kruskal Wallis one-way analysis of variance as applicable, with significance set at P < .05. Results: The incidence of infants requiring pre-ECMO CPR was 13.1%. Infants who received pre-ECMO CPR had a survival rate of 60.8% versus 81.6% survival for infants who did not require CPR (P < .00001). Analysis of ELSO registry data showed survival was significantly associated with primary diagnosis, location of CPR, last pH level before ECMO, and the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage. Questionnaire data on 12-month neurological assessment showed 63% had no impairment and 4% were graded as severely impaired. Twelve-month neurological outcome was significantly associated only with primary diagnosis. Conclusion: A survival rate of 60.8% with good neurological outcome at 12 months in 63.4% of infants suggests that CPR alone should not be a contraindication to placing a neonate on ECMO. Copyright (C) 1997 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT NEONATOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR,DIV NEONATOL,AKRON,OH. UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,UNMC CUMC JOINT DIV NEWBORN MED,OMAHA,NE. RP Doski, JJ (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT SURG,59 MDW PSSG,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1318 EP 1321 DI 10.1016/S0022-3468(97)90311-0 PG 4 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA XV729 UT WOS:A1997XV72900014 PM 9314252 ER PT J AU Ebrahimi, HB AF Ebrahimi, HB TI Validation database for propulsion computational fluid dynamics SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB Validation of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models appropriate for subsonic through hypersonic flow applications requires careful consideration of the physical processes encountered in these flight regimes and detailed comparisons of the calculated results with experimental data sets that include these processes. The work reported involved two efforts: 1) identification of quality data sets for establishment of a standard validation database and 2) direct comparison of the CFD model results with the measurement database. Three Navier-Stokes-based CFD models were selected for comparison: the three-dimensional, upwind-differenced, finite volume flow solver; the generalized implicit flow solver; and the general aerodynamic simulation program. Computed flow properties from these three models were compared to experimental data from seven selected databases. These databases include measurements from the following experiments: 1) supersonic flow over a rearward-facing step, 2) supersonic, two-dimensional nozzle flow, 3) low subsonic, reacting nozzle flow, 4) combustion in two-dimensional, supersonic flow with tangential hydrogen injection, 5) shear-layer combustion in a supersonic concentric hydrogen/air flow, 6) hypersonic flow over a biconic model with perpendicular nitrogen injection, and 7) sonic, normal injection of staged N-2 jets behind a rearward-facing step into a Mach number 2 airstream. The results of the study indicate that all three models compared reasonably well with flow measurements from the seven validation cases. RP Ebrahimi, HB (reprint author), SVERDRUP TECHNOL INC,COMPUTAT FLUID DYNAM BRANCH,DEPT TECHNOL,ARNOLD ENGN DEV CTR GRP,ARNOLD AFB,TN 37389, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 34 IS 5 BP 642 EP 649 DI 10.2514/2.3262 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YA510 UT WOS:A1997YA51000010 ER PT J AU Toth, CM Riley, DJ Halff, GA Esterl, RE Eason, JD Washburn, WK Schultz, MF AF Toth, CM Riley, DJ Halff, GA Esterl, RE Eason, JD Washburn, WK Schultz, MF TI Intraoperative continuous venovenous hemodialysis during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP A0818 EP A0818 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XY103 UT WOS:A1997XY10300818 ER PT J AU Bomalaski, MD Bloom, DA AF Bomalaski, MD Bloom, DA TI Urodynamics and massive vesicoureteral reflux SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Section-on-Urology, American-Academy-of-Pediatrics CY OCT 26-28, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Acad Pediat, Sect Urol DE vesico-ureteral reflux; urodynamics; bladder ID BLADDER; CHILDREN; PRESSURE AB Purpose: Urodynamic studies are the key to management and reconstruction of bladder pathology. In the face of high grade vesicoureteral reflux measured pressures and volumes reflect the combined storage characteristics of the upper and lower tracts. We examined the influence of high grade reflux on measured volume and compliance (change in volume/change in pressure), Materials and Methods: A total of 18 children with high grade vesicoureteral reflux underwent urodynamic evaluation with and without ureteral occlusion. Occlusion was created in the operative suite using ureteral occlusion balloons, After fluoroscopic confirmation of the absence of reflux bladder pressure was measured during filling at a rate of 12.5 cc per minute. During ureteral occlusion bladder capacity was defined as leakage around the urethral catheter, bladder pressure greater than 40 cm. water or volume exceeding estimated bladder capacity for age, as determined by the formula, bladder capacity in ml, = (age + 2) x 30. The ureteral occlusion balloons were removed and similar measurements were obtained in the presence of reflux. Compliance was calculated for the first and last 50% (initial and terminal compliance, respectively) of bladder capacity. Results: Mean initial compliance without and with ureteral occlusion was 19.6 versus 13.2 cm, water (33% decrease), Mean terminal compliance without and with occlusion was 12.9 versus 8.6 cm, water (33% decrease, p < 0.005), Bladder capacity decreased a median of 16%. Underlying bladder pathology was evaluated to determine the patients who would benefit most from ureteral occlusion studies. Patients with neurogenic bladder, pasterior urethral valves and primary reflux had similar changes in measured compliance with ureteral occlusion. Patients with poor terminal compliance without occlusion and those with bilateral vesicoureteral reflux had greater changes in compliance with occlusion but these changes were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Age was indicative of a significant decrease in terminal compliance with ureteral occlusion, since older patients had the greatest change in terminal compliance (p < 0.005). Conclusions: High grade vesicoureteral reflux influences measured lower tract volume and compliance. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,UROL SECT,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP Bomalaski, MD (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT UROL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 158 IS 3 BP 1236 EP 1238 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64439-2 PN 2 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XP870 UT WOS:A1997XP87000066 PM 9258183 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Kaspi, R Evans, KR Estes, M AF Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Kaspi, R Evans, KR Estes, M TI High quality interfaces in GaAs-AlAs quantum wells determined from high resolution photoluminescence SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY AB High resolution photoluminescence (PL) measurements performed on several GaAs-AlAs quantum well structures revealed sharp excitonic transitions separated in energies corresponding to roughly half-monolayer fluctuations in well size. The narrow linewidths correlate with interface island structure whose lateral extent is either much larger or much smaller than the exciton diameter. The half-monolayer separation results from a sharply peaked PL intensity response occurring around those areas of the laterally nonuniform interface which have roughly 50% island coverage, with the average island size much smaller than the exciton diameter, about 225 Angstrom. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(97)04505-8]. C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,RES CTR,DAYTON,OH 45435. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AADP,AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,SOLID STATE ELECT DIRECTORATE WL EL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1703 EP 1706 DI 10.1116/1.589358 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YC387 UT WOS:A1997YC38700023 ER PT J AU Carlson, JL AF Carlson, JL TI Lighthouse families - SheltonRoberts,C, Roberts,B SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Carlson, JL (reprint author), VANDENBERG AFB LIB,VANDENBERG AFB,CA 93437, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 122 IS 14 BP 206 EP 206 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA XT759 UT WOS:A1997XT75900184 ER PT J AU Malas, JC Frazier, WG Venugopal, S Medina, EA Medeiros, S Srinivasan, R Dennis, R Mullins, WM Chaudhary, A AF Malas, JC Frazier, WG Venugopal, S Medina, EA Medeiros, S Srinivasan, R Dennis, R Mullins, WM Chaudhary, A TI Optimization of microstructure development during hot working using control theory SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MATERIAL BEHAVIOR AB A new approach for controlling microstructure development during hot working processes is proposed. This approach is based on optimal control theory and involves state-space type models for describing the material behavior and the mechanics of the process. The effect of process control parameters such as strain, strain rate, and temperature on important microstructural features can be systematically formulated and then solved as an optimal control problem. This method has been applied to the optimization:of grain size and process parameters such as die geometry and ram velocity during the extrusion of plain carbon steel. Experimental results of this investigation show good agreement with those predicted in the design stage. C1 OHIO UNIV,SCH ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,ATHENS,OH 45701. WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH & MAT ENGN,DAYTON,OH 45435. RP Malas, JC (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MAT PROC DESIGN BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1921 EP 1930 DI 10.1007/s11661-997-0122-6 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XV862 UT WOS:A1997XV86200019 ER PT J AU Ryan, KL Lovelace, JD Frei, MR Jauchem, JR AF Ryan, KL Lovelace, JD Frei, MR Jauchem, JR TI Administration of a nitric oxide donor does not affect hypotension induced by 35-GHz microwave heating SO METHODS AND FINDINGS IN EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; hyperthermia; nitric oxide; radiofrequency radiation; S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine ID METHYL-L-ARGININE; NITROSO-N-ACETYLPENICILLAMINE; VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; MYOCARDIAL-ISCHEMIA; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; CIRCULATORY FAILURE; PROTECTIVE ACTIONS; SHOCK; RAT; REPERFUSION AB Sustained whole body exposure to 35-GHz radiofrequency radiation produces localized hyperthermia and hypotension, leading to circulatory failure and death. We previously demonstrated that pressor responses to nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibition are reduced following 35-GHz microwave (MMW) heating, implying that NO levels might also be reduced. This study therefore sought to determine whether administration of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a NO donor, influences MMW-induced hypotension in ketamine-anesthetized rats. First, rats were exposed to MMW until mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell to 75 mmHg. MMW exposure was then discontinued and either SNAP (300 mu g/kg/h) or saline was infused. SNAP infusion affected neither the hypotension nor the survival time following MMW exposure. In a second protocol, SNAP (300 mu g/kg/h) or saline was infused prior to and throughout MMW exposure, which was continued until death. SNAP infusion did not alter either the onset or the magnitude of terminal hypotension. Therefore, we conclude that exogenous NO does not affect cardiovascular responses to 35-GHz MMW heating. C1 USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,RADIOFREQUENCY RADIAT DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX. RP Ryan, KL (reprint author), TRINITY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,715 STADIUM DR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78212, USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU J R PROUS SA PI BARCELONA PA APARTADO DE CORREOS 540, PROVENZA 388, 08025 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0379-0355 J9 METHOD FIND EXP CLIN JI Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 19 IS 7 BP 455 EP 464 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YJ648 UT WOS:A1997YJ64800003 PM 9413828 ER PT J AU Griggs, BJ Parnell, GS Lehmkuhl, LJ AF Griggs, BJ Parnell, GS Lehmkuhl, LJ TI An air mission planning algorithm using decision analysis and mixed integer programming SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the development of an air mission planning algorithm for the Joint Stochastic Warfare Analysis Research (JSTOCHWAR). The overall problem scope was to develop an algorithm to handle major factors bearing on the combat mission planning problem while providing hook-ups for the JSTOCHWAR architecture. Other aspects of the problem included finding the appropriate level of detail, developing a fast solving technique, and attempting to use existing data. The problem was handled by using some ideas from existing aircraft allocation algorithms and by adding some new techniques. The proposed air mission planning algorithm supplies the optimum degree of force for campaign objectives by using a mixed integer program (MIP) to allocate the optimum number and type of aircraft and munitions against each target. The MIP takes advantage of the force multiplying effects of mass and mutual support through its use of strike packages with air defense suppression and air-to-air escort aircraft. Additionally, a decision tree algorithm determines the best plan in light of the uncertainties of weather and weather forecasts. This air mission planning algorithm omits many of the details in the actual aircraft tasking process, but in its continuous variable version, provides fast, nearly optimal solutions that should approximate real-world tasking results. C1 VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,RICHMOND,VA. USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Griggs, BJ (reprint author), PENTAGON,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 45 IS 5 BP 662 EP 676 DI 10.1287/opre.45.5.662 PG 15 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA YF425 UT WOS:A1997YF42500002 ER PT J AU Ernisse, B Rogers, SK DeSimio, MP Raines, RA AF Ernisse, B Rogers, SK DeSimio, MP Raines, RA TI Complete automatic target cuer/recognition system for tactical forward-looking infrared images SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE automatic target recognition; neural networks; hit/miss; difference of Gaussian ID HIT-MISS TRANSFORM; NEURAL NETWORKS; RECOGNITION AB A complete forward-looking IR (FLIR) automatic target cuer/ recognizer (ATC/R) is presented. The data used for development and testing of this ATC/R are first generation FLIR images collected using a F-15E. The database contains thousands of images with various mission profiles and target arrangements. The specific target of interest is a mobile missile launcher, the primary target. The goal is to locate all vehicles (secondary targets) within a scene and identify the primary targets. The system developed and tested includes an image segmenter, region cluster algorithm, feature extractor, and classifier. Conventional image processing algorithms in conjunction with neural network techniques are used to form a complete ATC/R system. The conventional techniques include hit/miss filtering, difference of Gaussian filtering, and region clustering. A neural network (multilayer perceptron) is used for classification. These algorithms are developed, tested and then combined into a functional ATC/R system. Overall primary target detection rate (cuer) is 84% with a 69% primary target identification (recognizer) rate at ranges relevant to munitions release. Furthermore, the false alarm rate (a nontarget cued as a target) is only 2.3 per scene. The research is being completed with a 10 flight lest profile using third generation FLIR images. (C) 1997 Society of Photo-Optical instrumentation Engineers. RP Ernisse, B (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN,2950 P ST BLDG 640,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2593 EP 2603 DI 10.1117/1.601484 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA XV846 UT WOS:A1997XV84600032 ER PT J AU LeVasseur, JG Perry, VE AF LeVasseur, JG Perry, VE TI Perineal median raphe cyst SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PENIS AB Median raphe cysts occur as a developmental anomaly along the midline male perineum, A perineal median raphe cyst arising in a 3-year-old boy was successfully treated with primary excision, The possible origins and histologic features are briefly reviewed. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT DERMATOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0736-8046 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 14 IS 5 BP 391 EP 392 PG 2 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA XZ834 UT WOS:A1997XZ83400015 PM 9336814 ER PT J AU Yoder, BA AF Yoder, BA TI Predicting meconium aspiration syndrome in the delivery suite SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1997 VL 100 IS 3 SU S BP 504 EP 505 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XU278 UT WOS:A1997XU27800178 ER PT J AU Reynolds, LB Twite, R Khobaib, M Donley, MS Bierwagen, GP AF Reynolds, LB Twite, R Khobaib, M Donley, MS Bierwagen, GP TI Preliminary evaluation of the anticorrosive properties of aircraft coatings by electrochemical methods SO PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference in Organic Coatings Science and Technology CY JUL 01-05, 1996 CL ATHENS, GREECE DE aircraft coatings; anticorrosive properties; electrochemical noise method; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; volatile organic compounds ID CORROSION AB Strict regulations concerning the content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals (Cr6+) in, aircraft coating systems have increased the economic burden of the United States Air Force (USAF) in the area of coating maintenance. To this end, it is critical to have methods to characterize new coating systems in such a manner that the data can be used to predict accurately and reliably the expected Lifetime of the coatings in service. Electrochemical noise method (ENM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are two techniques used to monitor extent and rate of corrosion. The USAF is currently employing these methods in order to supplement data acquired from traditional salt-spray methods. ENM and EIS are used to evaluate each component of the coating system and its contribution to corrosion prevention. Preliminary evaluations of an aircraft coating system on aluminum substrate (Al 2024-T3) produces resistance noise values of 10(6) to 10(7) Omega/cm(2). It is hoped that these results will form the basis of coatings that give increased USAF fleet service life and reduction in maintenance manpower and materials costs. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Polymers & Coatings, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Reynolds, LB (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Bldg 654,2941 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9440 J9 PROG ORG COAT JI Prog. Org. Coat. PD SEP-DEC PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1-4 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0300-9440(97)00098-2 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YN756 UT WOS:000071203400005 ER PT J AU Toler, JC Shelton, WW Frei, MR Merritt, JH Stedham, MA AF Toler, JC Shelton, WW Frei, MR Merritt, JH Stedham, MA TI Long-term, low-level exposure of mice prone to mammary tumors to 435 MHz radiofrequency radiation SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE-RADIATION; CANCER AB The purpose of this study was to determine if chronic, low-level exposure of mice prone to mammary tumors to 435 MHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation promotes an earlier onset, a faster growth rate or a greater total incidence of mammary tumors than in sham-exposed controls. Two hundred female C3H/HeJ mice were exposed for 21 months (22 h/day, 7 days/week) to a horizontally polarized 435 MHz pulse-wave (1.0 mu s pulse width, 1.0 kHz pulse rate) RF radiation environment with an incident power density of 1.0 mW/cm(2) (SAR = 0.32 W/kg). An additional 200 mice were sham-exposed. Animals that died spontaneously, became moribund or were euthanized after 21 months of exposure were completely necropsied; tissues were subjected to histopathological examinations. Concerning mammary carcinomas, there were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to latency to tumor onset, tumor growth rate and overall tumor incidence. Histopathological examination revealed no significant differences in numbers of malignant, metastatic or benign neoplasms between groups. Survival probability was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method; no significant difference between groups was noted (Cox's test). Under the conditions of this long-term study, low-level exposure of mice prone to mammary tumors to 435 MHz RF radiation did not affect the incidence of mammary tumors, tumor growth rate, latency to tumor onset or animal longevity when compared to sham-exposed controls. (C) 1997 by Radiation Research Society. C1 USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,RADIOFREQUENCY RADIAT DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,BIOMED INTERACT TECHNOL CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30332. TRINITY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78212. PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,FREDERICK,MD 21701. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 148 IS 3 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.2307/3579606 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XU087 UT WOS:A1997XU08700004 PM 9291353 ER PT J AU Decker, DT Anderson, DN Preble, AJ AF Decker, DT Anderson, DN Preble, AJ TI Improving IRI-90 low-latitude electron density specification SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Ionospheric Effects Symposium (IES-96) CY MAY 07-09, 1996 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP USN, Off Naval Res, USAF, Phillips Lab, USA, CECOM, USN, Naval C2 Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, Voice America, Fed Commun Commiss ID IONOSPHERIC MODEL; MAPS; SATELLITE; FUTURE; F0F2 AB At low latitudes under moderate to high solar conditions, a number of comparisons between the international reference ionosphere (IRI-90) model of F region electron density profiles and observed profiles measured by the Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar indicate that during the daytime the observed profile shape can be much broader in altitude than that specified by IRI-90, while at night, just after sunset, observed F-2 peak altitudes are significantly higher than what is specified by IRI-90. Theoretically derived ionospheric parameters such as F-2 peak density (NmF2), F-2 peak altitude (h(m)F(2)), and profile shape, which are contained in the parameterixed ionospheric model. (PIM), have been shown in some cases to be in better agreement with Jicamarca observations. This paper describes a new low-latitude option for IRI-90 that uses five ionospheric parameters derived from PIM: the bottomside profile half thickness, NmF2, h(m)F(2), and two parameters of a topside Chapman profile. The generation of electron density profiles using these five parameters is presented, as well as a description of how these parameters can be implemented into the IRI-90 model. C1 HEADWUARTERS USAF,DIRECTORATE WEATHER,WASHINGTON,DC 20330. USAF,RES LAB,GEOPHYS DIRECTORATE,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731. RP Decker, DT (reprint author), BOSTON COLL,INST SCI RES,140 COMMONWEALTH AVE,ST CLEMENTS HALL,ROOM 402,CHESTNUT HILL,MA 02167, USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 5 BP 2003 EP 2019 DI 10.1029/97RS01029 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA XY809 UT WOS:A1997XY80900025 ER PT J AU Mather, PT Pearson, DS Larson, RG Gu, DF Jamieson, AM AF Mather, PT Pearson, DS Larson, RG Gu, DF Jamieson, AM TI The origin of stress-oscillation damping during start-up and reversal of torsional shearing of nematics SO RHEOLOGICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE liquid crystal; tumbling; 8CB ID DISCLINATION-DENSITY MEASUREMENTS; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; FLOW PATTERNS AB Using a controlled-temperature shear cell mounted on a polarizing microscope, we observe the behavior of nematic 4,4'-n-octyl-cyanobiphenyl (8 CB) during start-up and reversal of shearing in a torsional parallel-plate geometry and correlate this behavior with rheological measurements. During the startup, a sequence of birefringent rings, or ''twist walls'', are observed that originate at the sample edge and propagate radially inward. Each twist wall is a thin region in which the director is twisted out of the plane of the velocity and velocity-gradient directions. The radial variation of in-plane orientation can be explained by the variation of strain in the parallel-plate device. A high-Ericksen-number solution of the Leslie-Ericksen equations predicts a damped oscillatory shear stress response which agrees quantitatively with the measured stress oscillations out to an edge strain of around 50. The damping of the stress oscillations is due to the nonuniformity of strain in the parallel-plate geometry. On reversal of the flow, if the strain, gamma, is smaller than about 500 units, the damping of stress oscillations is reversed; this correlates with an outward radial migration of twist walls. When gamma > 500, disclinations nucleate and spoil the reversibility of stress damping. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT CHEM ENGN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. ROCKWELL INT SCI CTR,THOUSAND OAKS,CA 91360. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT MACROMOL SCI,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP Mather, PT (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,2941 P ST,STE 1,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 0035-4511 J9 RHEOL ACTA JI Rheol. Acta PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 36 IS 5 BP 485 EP 497 PG 13 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA YF350 UT WOS:A1997YF35000001 ER PT J AU Narayanan, S Schneider, NL Patel, C Reddy, N Carrico, TM DiPasquale, J AF Narayanan, S Schneider, NL Patel, C Reddy, N Carrico, TM DiPasquale, J TI An object-based architecture for developing interactive simulations using Java SO SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE interactive simulation methodology; object-oriented programming; airbase logistics modeling; Java programming language; Model-View-Controller framework ID MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS; ORIENTED SIMULATION AB User interfaces in interactive simulations convey the dynamic behavior of the modeled system and allow the analyst to interact with the executing simulation. Traditionally, the software to display system behavior and to facilitate user interaction has been embedded in the simulation model. Such tight integrations make it difficult to maintain large simulations and impose unnecessary limitations on the development of interfaces to a simulation model. This article presents a portable, object-based architecture, called JADIS (Java-based Architecture for Developing Interactive Simulations), for developing interactive simulations. The architecture is implemented in Java and applies the Model-View-Controller paradigm to the development of interactive simulations. This article describes the JADIS architecture and presents its application to an aircraft repair time analysis problem in the domain of airbase logistics. C1 Wright State Univ, Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Dept Biomed & Human Factors, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Compuware, Milwaukee, WI USA. USAF, Armstrong Lab, Human Resources Directorate, Logist Res Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Narayanan, S (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Dept Biomed & Human Factors, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU SIMULATION COUNCILS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 USA SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMULATION JI Simulation PD SEP PY 1997 VL 69 IS 3 BP 153 EP 171 DI 10.1177/003754979706900302 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 160EH UT WOS:000078217100002 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Phanse, VM Vaudo, RP AF Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Phanse, VM Vaudo, RP TI Identification of an ionized-donor-bound-exciton transition in GaN SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BINDING-ENERGY AB The transition involving an exciton bound to an ionized donor has been identified in GaN. The linewidth of the transition was not sufficiently narrow to permit identification from Zeeman studies. Instead, an alternative series of measurements including energy ordering of the ionized-donor-bound exciton with respect to the neutral-donor-bound exciton, line widths of the above two excitons, screening studies and electron bombardment measurements were used to identify the transition. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ADV TECHNOL MAT INC,DANBURY,CT 06810. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AVION DIRECTORATE,AADP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Reynolds, DC (reprint author), WRIGHT STATE UNIV,RES CTR,DAYTON,OH 45435, USA. NR 8 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 103 IS 9 BP 533 EP 535 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(97)00231-7 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA XQ139 UT WOS:A1997XQ13900008 ER PT J AU Quach, T Jenkins, T Barrette, J Bozada, C Cerny, C Desalvo, G Dettmer, R Ebel, J Gillespie, J Havasy, C Ito, C Nakano, K Pettiford, C Sewell, J Via, D Anholt, R AF Quach, T Jenkins, T Barrette, J Bozada, C Cerny, C Desalvo, G Dettmer, R Ebel, J Gillespie, J Havasy, C Ito, C Nakano, K Pettiford, C Sewell, J Via, D Anholt, R TI Emitter utilization in heterojunction bipolar transistors SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article AB We compare measured collector current densities, cutoff frequencies (f(t)), and transducer gains for thermally shunted heterojunction bipolar transistors with 2-16 mu m emitter dot diameters or 2-8 mu m emitter bar widths with models of the emitter utilization factors. Models that do not take emitter resistance into account predict that the d.c. utilization factors are below 0.7 for collector current densities greater than 6 x 10(4) A cm(-2) and emitter diameters or widths greater than 8 mu m. However, because the current gains are compressed by the emitter resistances at those current densities, the measured utilization factors are close to 1, which agrees with models that include emitter resistance. A.c. utilization factors are evident in the transistor Y parameters. For example, Re\Y-21\ drops off at high frequencies more steeply in HBTs with large emitter diameters or widths than in small ones. However, measured data shows that the HBT a.c. current gains h(21) or f(t) values are not influenced by the a.c. utilization factor. A.c. utilization effects on HBT performance parameters such as small signal and power gains, output power, and power added efficiency are also examined. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 GATEWAY MODELING INC,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414. RP Quach, T (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AV DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1303 EP 1308 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(97)00127-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA XZ152 UT WOS:A1997XZ15200013 ER PT J AU Panetta, CA Sha, DZ Torres, E He, ZL Hussey, CL Fang, Z Heimer, NE AF Panetta, CA Sha, DZ Torres, E He, ZL Hussey, CL Fang, Z Heimer, NE TI Tetracyano-4,7-indanoquinodimethanes: The first TCNQs with an indan nucleus SO SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART LA English DT Article DE tetracyanoquinodimethanes; indan; quinones; electroactive; dicyanomethylenation AB 8,8,9,9-Tetracyano-4,7-indanoquinodimethane and 5-chloro-8,8,9,9-tetracyano-4,7-indanoquinodimethane, the first members of the hitherto unreported family of tetracyanoindanoquinodimethanes, have been synthesized from the corresponding 4,7-indandicarboxylic acids by the method of Yamaguchi. The indan-TCNQs are part of a series of polycyclic TCNQs which include 11,11,12,12-tetracyano-9,10-anthraquinodimethane and 9,9,10,10-tetracyano-1,4-naphthoquinodimethane, that have been prepared in our laboratory. A disadvantage found with the earlier polycyclic TCNQs was the non-coplanarity of their rings and the dicyanomethylene moities: a planar system is essential to efficient electrical conductivity of TCNQs in CT salts. X-ray analysis has shown 8,8,9,9-tetracyano-4,7-indanoquinodimethane to be more planar compared with tetracyanoanthraquino dimethanes and tetracyanonaphthoquinodimethanes. The half-wave potentials of the chlorotetracyanoindanoquinodimethane show it to be a stronger electron acceptor than several known TCNQs and its cyclic voltammogram indicate two single-electron reversible redox processes. C1 NATLAND INT CORP,MORRISVILLE,NC 27709. USAF ACAD,DEPT CHEM,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. RP Panetta, CA (reprint author), UNIV MISSISSIPPI,DEPT CHEM,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0039-7881 J9 SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART JI Synthesis PD SEP PY 1997 IS 9 BP 1085 EP & PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA YB903 UT WOS:A1997YB90300018 ER PT J AU Shelton, JB Ensign, BG Bowlus, I McGlassen, D AF Shelton, JB Ensign, BG Bowlus, I McGlassen, D TI The effects of early agitation on the viability of stored platelets SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1997 VL 37 IS 9 SU S BP S44 EP S44 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XW275 UT WOS:A1997XW27500044 ER PT J AU Sims, P Sinor, L Geiser, C Griffiths, E Harrison, C AF Sims, P Sinor, L Geiser, C Griffiths, E Harrison, C TI Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to a noncomplement fixing HLA antibody with anti-A2 specificity. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. IMMUCOR,NORCROSS,GA. UTHSC,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1997 VL 37 IS 9 SU S BP S382 EP S382 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XW275 UT WOS:A1997XW27500381 ER PT J AU Warren, DC Feehan, P Slade, JB Cianci, PE AF Warren, DC Feehan, P Slade, JB Cianci, PE TI Chronic radiation proctitis treated with hyperbaric oxygen SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE radiation injuries; proctitis; hyperbaric oxygenation ID BOWEL-DISEASE; OSTEORADIONECROSIS; THERAPY; INJURY; CYSTITIS; RECTUM; DAMAGE; TISSUE; COLON; TRACT AB Chronic proctitis is a well-known complication of therapeutic irradiation. The results of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) used in the treatment of chronic radiation proctitis are reported. From 1992 to 1995, 14 patients with chronic radiation-induced proctitis were treated with HBO2. Nine patients were treated in a monoplace chamber at 2.0 atm abs (203 kPa O-2), and five patients were treated at 2.36 atm abs (239 kPa O-2). Eight patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms and one patient had substantial improvement for a total response rate of 64%. Follow-up ranged from 5 to 35 ma. (mean 17 mo.). Five patients (36%) were classified as non-responders. Three experienced significant improvement during treatment but relapsed soon after therapy was discontinued, whereas two had no symptomatic improvement. Responders who had sigmoidoscopy after therapy showed documented improvement whereas no non-responders showed improvement. The authors conclude that HBO2 therapy should be considered in patients with chronic radiation proctitis. C1 ST VINCENTS CANC TREATMENT CTR,SANTA FE,NM 87505. BROOKSIDE HOSP,DEPT HYPERBAR MED,SAN PABLO,CA 94806. RP Warren, DC (reprint author), 60TH MED GRP,DEPT HYPERBAR MED,101 BODIN CIRCLE,TRAVIS AFB,CA 94535, USA. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 24 IS 3 BP 181 EP 184 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA XX263 UT WOS:A1997XX26300004 PM 9308141 ER PT J AU Michel, E Mohseni, H Kim, JD Wojkowski, J Sandven, J Xu, J Razeghi, M Bredthauer, R Vu, P Mitchel, W Ahoujja, M AF Michel, E Mohseni, H Kim, JD Wojkowski, J Sandven, J Xu, J Razeghi, M Bredthauer, R Vu, P Mitchel, W Ahoujja, M TI High carrier lifetime InSb grown on GaAs substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEAM EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; I-N PHOTODETECTORS; HIGH-QUALITY INSB AB We report on the growth of near bulklike InSb on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy despite the 14% lattice mismatch between the epilayer and the substrate. Structural, electrical, and optical properties were measured to assess material quality. X-ray full widths at half-maximum were as low as 55 arcsec for a 10 mu m epilayer, peak mobilities as high as similar to 125 000 cm(2)/V s, and carrier lifetimes up to 240 ns at 80 K. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 LOCKHEED MARTIN FAIRCHILD SYST,TUSTIN,CA 92680. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Michel, E (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,CTR QUANTUM DEVICES,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. RI Mohseni, Hooman/B-7253-2009; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1071 EP 1073 DI 10.1063/1.119731 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XR754 UT WOS:A1997XR75400027 ER PT J AU Day, PN Pachter, R AF Day, PN Pachter, R TI A study of aqueous glutamic acid using the effective fragment potential method SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; REACTION-FIELD METHOD; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; ENERGY; MINIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS AB Glutamic acid in the gas phase and in aqueous solution was studied with ab initio quantum chemistry calculations. The effective fragment potential (EFP) has been used to study the effects of up to ten water solvent molecules on the neutral and zwitterionic isomers of glutamic acid, as well as to model the reaction path connecting these two isomers. The results with one and two water molecules have been compared to full ab initio ''super molecule'' calculations. This comparison shows that the EFP successfully models the effects of solvent molecules on structure and energetics. In the calculations including zero, one, or two water molecules, the neutral isomer was shown to be more stable than the zwitterion. On the other hand, in the EFP calculations with ten water molecules, where Monte Carlo methods were used to assist in finding the lowest energy conformations, the zwitterion was found to be more stable, which is the expected aqueous phase results. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Day, PN (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLPJ,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 1997 VL 107 IS 8 BP 2990 EP 2999 DI 10.1063/1.474656 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XR572 UT WOS:A1997XR57200032 ER PT J AU Lockwood, GW Skiff, BA Radick, RR AF Lockwood, GW Skiff, BA Radick, RR TI The photometric variability of sun-like stars: Observations and results, 1984-1995 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars, activity; stars, late-type; stars, variables, other ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; HYADES STARS; BRIGHTNESS VARIATIONS; MAUNDER MINIMUM; IRRADIANCE; CYCLE; ROTATION; CLIMATE; NEIGHBORHOOD AB Using differential Stromgren b, y photometry, we monitored the brightness variations of 41 program stars and their 73 comparison stars from 1984 through 1995. The predominantly main-sequence program stars spanned ranges of temperature and mean chromospheric activity centered on solar values. About 40% of all the stars showed measurable variability, typically at levels below 0.01 mag (similar to 1%), on both night-to-night and year-to-year timescales. The variability correlated with mean chromospheric activity and advancing spectral type. We present differential light curves and statistical descriptions of our observations. C1 NATL SOLAR OBSERV, USAF, PHILLIPS LAB, SOLAR RES BRANCH, SUNSPOT, NM 88349 USA. RP Lockwood, GW (reprint author), LOWELL OBSERV, 1400 W MARS HILL RD, FLAGSTAFF, AZ 86001 USA. NR 68 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 485 IS 2 BP 789 EP 811 DI 10.1086/304453 PN 1 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XT240 UT WOS:A1997XT24000029 ER PT J AU Tomlin, DW Campbell, DP Fleitz, PA Adams, WW AF Tomlin, DW Campbell, DP Fleitz, PA Adams, WW TI Redetermination of 1,3-dimethylimidazole-2-thione SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The title compound, 1,3-dimethylimidazoIe-2(3H)-thione, C5H8N2S, has molecular symmetry mm2 (C2(v)) in the crystal. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WL,MLPJ,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,GTRI,EOEML,OET,ATLANTA,GA 30332. RI Adams, Wade/A-7305-2010 NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 53 BP 1153 EP 1154 DI 10.1107/S0108270197004198 PN 8 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA XR971 UT WOS:A1997XR97100072 ER PT J AU PresillaMarquez, JD Sheehy, JA Mills, JD Carrick, PG Larson, CW AF PresillaMarquez, JD Sheehy, JA Mills, JD Carrick, PG Larson, CW TI Vibrational spectra of cyclic C-6 in solid argon SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SMALL CARBON CLUSTERS; NEON MATRICES; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; CHAINS; C6 AB Vapors from solid and powdered carbon emitted from an oven cycled between 2000 and 3000 K were co-condensed with argon onto a CsI substrate maintained at 10 K. The cycling process produced a matrix ''sandwich'' with regions of high carbon density alternating with layers of argon. FTIR measurements including extensive C-13 isotopic data, supported by ab initio calculations, allow the assignment of a band at 1694.7 cm(-1) to the nu(4)(e') fundamental of cyclic C-6. This represents the first conclusive identification of a small cyclic neutral polycarbon. Additionally, a vibration previously observed at 1710.3 cm(-1) has been confirmed as the nu(9)(sigma(u)) mode of linear C-g. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. RP PresillaMarquez, JD (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,PROP SCI DIV,EDWARDS AFB,CA 93524, USA. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 274 IS 5-6 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(97)00700-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA XR514 UT WOS:A1997XR51400004 ER PT J AU Weber, ET Rea, MA AF Weber, ET Rea, MA TI Neuropeptide Y blocks light-induced phase advances but not delays of the circadian activity rhythm in hamsters SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE suprachiasmatic nucleus; neuropeptide Y; circadian rhythms; phase shift; photic entrainment ID RAT SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; INTERGENICULATE LEAFLET; SEROTONIN; SHIFTS; CLOCK; RESPONSES; ENTRAINMENT; POLYPEPTIDE; INHIBITION; PACEMAKER AB In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are the anatomical site of localization of the light-entrainable circadian clock responsible for the generation of daily rhythms in physiology and behavior. In addition to direct retinohypothalamic innervation, the SCN receive a prominent projection of fibers from the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) of the thalamus, the geniculohypothalamic tract (GHT), some of which contain the neurotransmitter, neuropeptide Y (NPY). Since the GHT has been suggested to play a role in the modulation of photic entrainment of the SCN circadian clock in rodents, we investigated the effects of local administration of NPY into the region of the SCN on light-induced phase shifts of the free-running activity rhythm in hamsters. Injection of 60 nmol of NPY into the SCN region 10 min prior to light exposure at circadian time 19 completely blocked light-induced phase advances. Similar treatment at circadian time 14 had no significant effect on the magnitude of light-induced phase delays. Injection of NPY at either time point without light exposure did not alter circadian phase. The findings support a modulatory role for NPY in the photic entrainment of the SCN circadian clock. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB, BIOL RHYTHMS & INTEGRAT NEUROSCI RES INST, CFTO, BROOKS AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 36 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 EI 1872-7972 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 231 IS 3 BP 159 EP 162 DI 10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00559-4 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XU422 UT WOS:A1997XU42200010 PM 9300646 ER PT J AU Walck, SD Zabinski, JS McDevitt, NT Bultman, JE AF Walck, SD Zabinski, JS McDevitt, NT Bultman, JE TI Characterization of air-annealed, pulsed laser deposited ZnO-WS2 solid film lubricants by transmission electron microscopy SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE tribology; laser ablation; transmission electron microscopy; oxidation ID MOS2 AB ZnO-WS2 is a candidate high temperature solid film lubricant for aerospace applications that exhibits adaptive lubricant behavior. In the as-deposited state, room temperature (RT) pulsed laser deposited (PLD) ZnO-WS2 films are amorphous, but when wear-tested, the crystalline phases WS2, WO3 and ZnWO4 are produced. Of these, WS2 is a lubricant phase at low temperatures (less than or equal to similar to 450 degrees C) while ZnWO4, which is formed by reaction of the film with air, becomes lubricious above 600 degrees C. If this material is to be used at elevated temperatures, the characterization of the microstructural and chemical changes that occur when these films are heated in air is extremely important to the understanding of the dynamics of this system. As-deposited films and films heated in air at increasing temperatures to 800 degrees C were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cross-sectional TEM (XTEM) of the as-deposited RT-PLD ZnO-WS2 films showed that they were fully dense and amorphous. A periodic structure was seen that was due to density variations and was attributed to a smaller angular distribution of W in the plume compared to the other elements. At 500 degrees C, an approximately 37 nm-thick film of WO3 and ZnWO4 formed at the surface. At 600 degrees C, a 150-200 nm-thick mixed oxide layer of ZnWO4 and WO4 formed at the surface with the WS2 phase forming below it. The volume fraction of WS2 decreased with increasing depth from the surface. Above 600 degrees C, surface roughening of the film was seen as well as significant grain growth of the WO3 and ZnWO4 phases. The ZnO phase was not detected in any of the films heated in air. The dynamics of the nucleation of these lubricant phases are advantageous with respect to applications: the high temperature lubricant phase, ZnWO4, is available at the surface while the low temperature phase, WS2, remains intact to provide lubrication when the temperature is lowered. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 RAMSPEC RES,DAYTON,OH 45431. UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP Walck, SD (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTRATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 8 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 305 IS 1-2 BP 130 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00129-6 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA XX864 UT WOS:A1997XX86400018 ER PT J AU Pickard, GE Rea, MA AF Pickard, GE Rea, MA TI TFMPP, a 5HT(1B) receptor agonist, inhibits light-induced phase shifts of the circadian activity rhythm and c-fos expression in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE suprachiasmatic nucleus; circadian rhythm; presynaptic; 1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazine; 5HT(1B); c-Fos; photic entrainment ID INTERGENICULATE LEAFLET; ASCENDING PROJECTIONS; SEROTONERGIC AGONISTS; SUPERIOR COLLICULUS; PHOTIC REGULATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; BINDING-SITES; HAMSTER; RAT; ENTRAINMENT AB The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) receives afferents from the retina and the midbrain raphe. The retinal innervation mediates photic entrainment of the SCN circadian oscillator whereas the serotonergic input arising from the midbrain raphe nuclei appears to modulate retinohypothalamic neurotransmission. We hypothesized that serotonergic innervation of the SCN may modulate retinal input by activation of 5HT(1B) presynaptic receptors on retinal axon terminals in the SCN. We tested this hypothesis using the 5HT(1B) receptor agonist, 1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-piperazine (TFMPP). Systemic administration of TFMPP prior to light stimulation significantly attenuated light-induced phase shifts of the circadian activity rhythm and Fos expression in the SCN. These results in the mouse support our earlier findings in the hamster [Pickard, G.E., Weber, E.T., Scott, P.A., Riberdy, A.F. and Pea, M.A., J. Neurosci., 16 (1996) 8208-8220] and are consistent with the interpretation that 5HT(1B) presynaptic receptors participate in the regulation of photic input to the SCN. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 BIOL RHYTHMS & INTEGRAT NEUROSCI INST,ARMSTRONG LAB,CFTO,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANAT & NEUROBIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78229. NR 36 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD AUG 8 PY 1997 VL 231 IS 2 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00534-X PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XT695 UT WOS:A1997XT69500009 PM 9291149 ER PT J AU Kadlec, RP Zelicoff, AP Vrtis, AM AF Kadlec, RP Zelicoff, AP Vrtis, AM TI Biological weapons control - Prospects and implications for the future SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material AB The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC), which prohibits the acquisition of biological materials for hostile purposes and armed conflict, entered into force in 1975 and now has the participation of 140 nations (158 nations have signed the BWC, but only 140 of these have also ratified it). However, there is no monitoring mechanism associated with the BWC. Diplomatic efforts are now under way to create a supplemental, legally binding protocol to strengthen the convention. Measures to strengthen the BWC are analogous to the diagnostic processes familiar to physicians; the problem facing negotiators is to identify procedures with high positive and negative predictive value. Few proposed measures meet these criteria. However, the investigation of unusual disease outbreaks and allegations of use are highly diagnostic of illicit activities while avoiding false-positive accusations. At the same time, such information generated by the BWC can contribute to worldwide efforts to improve public health, control emergent disease, and establish an international norm against biological weapons proliferation. C1 OFF SECRETARY DEF,WASHINGTON,DC. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. MALCOM GROW MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,ANDREWS AFB,MD. NR 27 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5 BP 351 EP 356 DI 10.1001/jama.278.5.351 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XN518 UT WOS:A1997XN51800001 PM 9244311 ER PT J AU Amato, AA Jackson, C McVey, A AF Amato, AA Jackson, C McVey, A TI Identification of Gulf War syndrome: Methodological issues and medical illnesses SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR, LACKLAND AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Amato, AA (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS SAN ANTONIO, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78285 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5 BP 384 EP 385 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XN518 UT WOS:A1997XN51800019 PM 9244325 ER PT J AU Storrow, AB Walthall, JW Magoon, MR Pascuzzi, TJ Bifano, SL AF Storrow, AB Walthall, JW Magoon, MR Pascuzzi, TJ Bifano, SL TI The impact of an endotracheal side port on the absorption of lidocaine SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SAEM Annual Meeting CY MAY, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Acad Emergency Med DE endotracheal tube; drug delivery; lidocaine; resuscitation ID CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION AB Objective: To compare lidocaine levels after administration through an IV line, a standard endotracheal (ET) tube, and an ET tube side port (ETSP) designed for medication administration. Methods: A double-blind, prospective, triple crossover canine study was performed, Seventeen anesthetized mongrel dogs were given standard doses of 2% lidocaine via IV (1.5 mg/kg), endotracheally through the main lumen (3 mg/kg diluted in 10 mL normal saline), and endotracheally through the modified side port (3 mg/kg diluted in 10 mL normal saline), Arterial blood gases (ABGs) and plasma lidocaine levels were measured at time 0, 30 sec, 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, and 60 min. Mean lidocaine levels across time, comparing the 3 methods of administration, were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. The main outcome was the comparison of mean ET and ETSP lidocaine levels at each time point using paired t-tests. The attainment and duration of lidocaine levels considered therapeutic in cardiac arrest (1.4 mu g/mL) were described, ABGs were measured at each point to describe trends in oxygenation. Results: Mean lidocaine levels, comparing the 3 methods of administration, were significantly different at all time points except time 0. The ETSP levels were significantly lower than the ET main-lumen levels at 30 sec, 1 min, 5 min, and 10 min. IV-administered lidocaine attained quick therapeutic levels and revealed faster elimination. Lidocaine administered through the ET main lumen reached therapeutic levels more slowly, and maintained such levels longer. Lidocaine administered through the ETSP never reached therapeutic levels, Mean PO(2)s remained >340 torr throughout each method of administration. Conclusion: This nonarrest canine model suggests that lidocaine levels achieved through an ETSP are lower than levels obtained with the same drug dose via an ET main lumen. Therapeutic lidocaine levels are obtainable by IV or ET main-lumen routes, but not via this ETSP. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,JOINT MIL MED CTR EMERGENCY MED RESIDENCY,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,CLIN INVEST DIRECTORATE,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 4 IS 8 BP 793 EP 797 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1997.tb03787.x PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA XP939 UT WOS:A1997XP93900008 PM 9262698 ER PT J AU Downs, JR Beere, PA Whitney, E Clearfield, M Weis, S Rochen, J Stein, EA Shapiro, DR Langendorfer, A Gotto, AM AF Downs, JR Beere, PA Whitney, E Clearfield, M Weis, S Rochen, J Stein, EA Shapiro, DR Langendorfer, A Gotto, AM TI Design & rationale of the Air Force Texas coronary atherosclerosis prevention study (AFCAP/TexCAPS) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; FACTOR INTERVENTION TRIAL; HEART-DISEASE; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BLOOD-INSTITUTE; NATIONAL-HEART; RISK; MEN; POPULATION AB The Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled primary prevention trial. It is designed to test the hypothesis that in addition to a lipid-lowering diet, treatment with lovastatin is more effective than placebo in reducing acute major coronary events (i.e., sudden cardiac death, fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction, and unstable angina) in a cohort with normal to mildly elevated total (180 to 264 mg/dl) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (130 to 190 mg/dl) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (less than or equal to 45 mg/dl for men and less than or equal to 47 mg/dl for women). Two sites in Texas, Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio and the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth, will conduct the study. Af ter at least 12 weeks of an American Heart Association Step 1 diet and 2 weeks placebo run-in, 6,605 men and women, ages 45 to 73 and 55 to 73 years, respectively, without clinical evidence of coronary heart disease, are randomized in equal numbers to either lovastatin (20 mg/day) or placebo. Study procedures maintain the blind, allowing titration of lovastatin from 20 to 40 mg/day to achieve an LDL cholesterol goal of less than or equal to 110 mg/dl, All participants are followed until study completion, when 320 participants have had a primary end point or a minimum of 5 years-offer the last participant is randomized whichever occurs last. All end points are adjudicated by an independent committee using prespecified criteria. Unique features of this trial are (1) the inclusion of unstable angina in the primary end point to reflect the increasing trend to treat coronary heart disease aggressively before a myocardial infarction has occurred, (2) aggressive pharmacologic intervention, with titration, to attain an LDL cholesterol goal less than the current National Cholesterol Education Panel guidelines for primary prevention, and (3) a cohort that includes women, the elderly, and those with mild to moderate hyperlipidemia and low HDL cholesterol. Compared with earlier studies, results wilt be applicable to a broader population and may help clarify the role of aggressive LDL cholesterol reduction measures in primary prevention. Treatment of this population is likely to realize the greatest cumulative long-term benefit in the prevention of acute major coronary events. (C) 1997 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 UNIV N TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,FT WORTH,TX. RP Downs, JR (reprint author), USAF,CAPS CLIN,PSMCP,2449 PEPPERRELL ST,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 27 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 80 IS 3 BP 287 EP 293 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XP486 UT WOS:A1997XP48600006 PM 9264420 ER PT J AU Carrier, DA Arriaga, MA Gorum, MJ Dahlen, RT Johnson, SP AF Carrier, DA Arriaga, MA Gorum, MJ Dahlen, RT Johnson, SP TI Preoperative embolization of anastomoses of the jugular bulb: An adjuvant in jugular foramen surgery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interventional neuroradiology; skull, base; veins, jugular ID INFERIOR PETROSAL SINUS; ANATOMY AB We describe the technique of preoperative embolization of the inferior petrosal sinus/anterior condylar vein complex and the posterior condylar vein in three patients undergoing skull base surgery that required opening of the jugular bulb. Contrary to the usual situation, essentially no blood was lost during the operation, resulting in decreased surgical time and reduced risk to the lower cranial nerves. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT OTOL NEUROTOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT NEUROSURG,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI OAK BROOK PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0195-6108 J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1252 EP 1256 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XR759 UT WOS:A1997XR75900009 PM 9282850 ER PT J AU May, D Howard, J AF May, D Howard, J TI Coconut crab. Kwajalein atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands (vol 168, pg 1500, 1997) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP May, D (reprint author), USAF,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 169 IS 2 BP 602 EP 602 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XM758 UT WOS:A1997XM75800079 ER PT J AU Onders, RP AF Onders, RP TI Detection methods of Helicobacter pylori: Accuracy and costs SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Midwest-Surgical-Association Meeting CY AUG 18-21, 1996 CL MACKINAC ISL, MI SP Midwest Surg Assoc ID PEPTIC-ULCER; INFECTION AB A variety of methods exist for determining gastric colonization with Helicobacter pylori, which has been implicated in the development of peptic ulcer disease. The goal of this study was to evaluate four of the current methods available in a clinical surgical practice setting through a prospective evaluation of 40 consecutive patients undergoing upper diagnostic endoscopy. All patients underwent six antral gastric biopsies for use with the following detection methods: histologic demonstration of organisms (hematoxylin and eosin stain), direct detection of urease activity (Remel Selective Rapid Urea, Lenexa, KS), and culture of H. pylori. All patients also had measurement of serum immunoglobulin G for H. pylori by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (Coming Clinical Laboratories, St. Louis, MO). The infection status was established by a concordance of test results. The results show that H. pylori can be assessed equally well with histology, a rapid urease test, and serology, with all three tests having good sensitivity (92-100%) and specificity (85-96%). The culturing of the organism had poor sensitivity (42%). The benefits of the urease test are a much more rapid response time and a much lower cost as compared to histologic and serologic testing. In conclusion, the rapid urease test is the method of choice to detect H. pylori in those patients undergoing endoscopy in whom the identification of H. pylori will change their management. C1 74TH MED GRP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH. UNIV N DAKOTA,SCH MED,DEPT SURG,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 1776 PEACHTREE RD, NW., SUITE 410N, ATLANTA, GA 30309-2352 SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 63 IS 8 BP 665 EP 668 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA XM903 UT WOS:A1997XM90300001 PM 9247430 ER PT J AU Waisel, DB Truog, RD AF Waisel, DB Truog, RD TI An introduction to ethics SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE biomedical ethics; education ID TEACHING MEDICAL-ETHICS; PHYSICIANS; EDUCATION; RESUSCITATION; PREFERENCES; RESIDENTS; ATTITUDES; STUDENTS C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. HARVARD UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. OI Waisel, David/0000-0002-5307-4092 NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD AUG PY 1997 VL 87 IS 2 BP 411 EP 417 DI 10.1097/00000542-199708000-00028 PG 7 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA XR406 UT WOS:A1997XR40600028 PM 9286905 ER PT J AU Chien, SC Chow, AT Rogge, MC Williams, RR Hendrix, CW AF Chien, SC Chow, AT Rogge, MC Williams, RR Hendrix, CW TI Pharmacokinetics and safety of oral levofloxacin in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals receiving concomitant zidovudine SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID OPTICALLY-ACTIVE OFLOXACIN; INVITRO; DR-3355 AB This phase I, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-design study was conducted to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects concomitantly receiving a stable regimen of zidovudine (AZT), Sixteen HIV-infected males with CD4-cell counts ranging from 100 to 550 and not experiencing significant AZT intolerance were enrolled, Subjects received levofloxacin (350 mg of levofloxacin hemihydrate) or a placebo (eight subjects per treatment group) as a single oral dose on day 1, multiple doses every 8 h from days 3 to 9, and a single dose on day 10, On days 1 and 10, an AZT dose (100 mg) was administered concurrently with the study drug, In between these doses, AZT was administered according to the regimen used by the subject prior to entering the study up to a maximum of 500 mg/day, Plasma levofloxacin concentrations were monitored for 36 h after levofloxacin dosing on day 1, immediately prior to the morning doses on days 3 to 9, and for 72 h after dosing on day 10, Plasma AZT concentrations were monitored on day 0 for baseline (for 6 h after the AZT dose) and for 4 h after the AZT doses on days 1 and 10, Levofloxacin was rapidly absorbed (time to maximum plasma concentration, similar to 1.0 h) and extensively distributed in the body with an apparent volume of distribution of similar to 104 liters (similar to 1.34 liters/kg), Steady-state conditions on day 10 were confirmed, Pharmacokinetic profiles of levofloxacin from single doses and multiple (three-times-daily) doses were similar, with a moderate accumulation (observed day 10-to-day 1 ratio of the maximum plasma concentration, similar to 185% versus expected 169%; for the corresponding ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 8 h [AUC(0-8)], the values were observed 217% versus expected 169%) at steady state, Mean average steady-state peak plasma concentration, plasma levofloxacin concentration at the end of the dosing interval, AUC(0-8), terminal half-life, and total body clearance were 7.06 mu g/ml, 3.62 mu g/ml, 37.4 mu g.h/ml, 7.2 h, and 9.4 liters/h (0.12 liters/h/kg), respectively, Pharmacokinetic profiles of levofloxacin in HIV-infected patients did not appear to be affected by the concomitant administration of AZT; nor were AZT pharmacokinetics altered by levofloxacin, Oral administration of 350 mg of levofloxacin hemihydrate every 8 h appeared to be well tolerated by the subjects, There were no apparent differences in adverse events between the two treatment groups, There were no clinically significant changes from baseline in any laboratory parameter or vital sign following treatments observed in this study, The study results suggest that there is no need for levofloxacin dosage adjustment in HN-seropositive subjects who concomitantly receive AZT. C1 RW JOHNSON PHARMACEUT RES INST,RARITAN,NJ 08869. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,MIL MED CONSORTIUM APPL RETROVIRAL RES,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. RI Hendrix, Craig/G-4182-2014 OI Hendrix, Craig/0000-0002-5696-8665 NR 9 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1765 EP 1769 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XP605 UT WOS:A1997XP60500026 PM 9257757 ER PT J AU Hammer, DX Jansen, ED Frenz, M Noojin, GD Thomas, RJ Noack, J Vogel, A Rockwell, BA Welch, AJ AF Hammer, DX Jansen, ED Frenz, M Noojin, GD Thomas, RJ Noack, J Vogel, A Rockwell, BA Welch, AJ TI Shielding properties of laser-induced breakdown in water for pulse durations from 5 ns to 125 fs SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE laser-induced breakdown; optical breakdown; plasma; shielding; intraocular photodisruption ID ND-YAG LASER; FIRST-ORDER MODEL; INTRAOCULAR PHOTODISRUPTION; PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS; SPATIAL DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; HUMAN-EYE; NANOSECOND; PICOSECOND; THRESHOLDS AB The shielding effectiveness of laser-induced breakdown from focused. visible laser pulses from 5 ns to 125 fs is determined from measurements of transmission of energy through the focal volume. The shielding efficiency decreases as a function of pulse duration from 5 ns to 300 fs and increases from 300 fs to 125 fs. The results are compared with past studies at similar pulse durations. The results of the measurements support laser-induced breakdown models and may lead to an optimization of laser-induced breakdown in ophthalmic surgery by reduction of collateral effects. (C) 1991 Optical Society of America. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT BIOMED ENGN,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. UNIV BERN,INST APPL PHYS,CH-3012 BERN,SWITZERLAND. TASC,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78212. LUBECK MED LASER CTR,LUBECK,GERMANY. ARMSTRONG LAB,OPT RADIAT DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. RP Hammer, DX (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,BIOMED ENGN PROGRAM,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. RI Vogel, Alfred/D-9852-2011; Jansen, E. Duco/B-1894-2013 NR 49 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 22 BP 5630 EP 5640 DI 10.1364/AO.36.005630 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA XN683 UT WOS:A1997XN68300047 PM 18259389 ER PT J AU Kelemen, JJ Martin, RR Obney, JA Jenkins, D Kissinger, DP AF Kelemen, JJ Martin, RR Obney, JA Jenkins, D Kissinger, DP TI Evaluation of diagnostic peritoneal lavage in stable patients with gunshot wounds to the abdomen SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ABDOMINAL-TRAUMA; CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS; LOWER CHEST; LAPAROTOMY; MANAGEMENT; MORBIDITY; EXPLORATION; LAPAROSCOPY; EXPERIENCE; CELIOTOMY AB Background: Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) is used to diagnose intra-abdominal injury in patients with stab wounds and blunt trauma. Because exploratory celiotomy is routinely performed on patients with gunshot wounds to the abdomen, DPL is rarely employed. However, several studies have questioned routine exploration and have drawn attention to the associated morbidity of negative celiotomy. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage is an easily performed and inexpensive test that may be useful in this situation. Objective: To evaluate the performance of DPL in the diagnosis of intra-abdominal injury in hemodynamically stable patients with gunshot wounds to the abdomen. Design: A prospective clinical trial. Setting: Two urban trauma centers. Patients: Patients with gunshot wounds to the abdomen and a systolic blood pressure of at least 90 mm Hg. Interventions: Clinical predication of intra-abdominal injury in the emergency department and DPL performed in the operating room before the initiation of celiotomy. Injuries found during the celiotomy were recorded. Main Outcome Measures: The results of the clinical evaluation anti DPL were compared with the findings of the celiotomy. Results: Forty-four patients were enrolled into the study. Intra-abdominal injury was present in 32 (73%) of these patients. The senior surgery resident correctly predicted the presence of intra-abdominal injury in 36 (82%) of the patients (sensitivity=90.0%, specificity=58.3%, positive predictive value=85.3%, negative predictive value=63.6%, phi=0.52, P<.01) in the emergency department before DPL and celiotomy were performed. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage correctly identified the presence or absence of intra-abdominal injury in 40 (91%) of the patients (positive predictive value= 96.7%, negative predictive value=78.6%, phi=0.79, P<.01). Conclusions: Clinical judgment is highly accurate in separating patients with tangential gunshot wounds to the abdomen from those with intra-abdominal injury but may miss patients with intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage is highly predictive of the presence of intra-abdominal injury. The return of gross blood on aspiration or a lavage red blood cell count greater than 10x10(9)/L should prompt an urgent celiotomy. Missed injuries are rare and most likely to be bowel perforations. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage is an objective test that may augment clinical judgment in selecting hemodynamically stable patients with potential tangential gunshot wounds for observation and is especially useful in identifying intra-abdominal hemorrhage. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. GEN SURG SERV,BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 132 IS 8 BP 909 EP 913 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA XQ294 UT WOS:A1997XQ29400029 PM 9267278 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, ZM Pilmanis, AA OConnor, RB AF Sulaiman, ZM Pilmanis, AA OConnor, RB TI Relationship between age and susceptibility to altitude decompression sickness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: Susceptibility to altitude decompression sickness (DCS) is influenced by a multitude of factors including, potentially, an individual's age. Previous attempts by authors to determine the effect of age on DCS susceptibility have produced conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to try to clarify that conflict and to quantify the impact of age on DCS risk. Methods: We examined the Armstrong Laboratory DCS Hypobaric Research Database containing data on 1299 subject flight exposures conducted from 1983-94. Subjects were from 18-48 yr of age. Exposure altitudes ranged from 11,500 Ft (3505 m) to 30,000 ft (9144 m). The duration of exposure varied from 3-8 h and preoxygenation time ranged from 0-2 h and 15 min. Data were compiled according to seven age groups. Results: The results show a significant three-fold increase in susceptibility between the age group 18-21 and the group > 42 yr of age. The results also show a trend toward increased susceptibility between the 18-21 group and the groups between 26 and 41 yr of age. However, there was no significant change within the range of 26-41 yr. Conclusion: There is a trend toward increased DCS susceptibility with increasing age, with a particularly strong trend for individuals over 42 yr of age. RP Sulaiman, ZM (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,CFTS,CREW TECHNOL DIV,2504 GILLINGHAM DR,SUITE 25,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 68 IS 8 BP 695 EP 698 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA XQ267 UT WOS:A1997XQ26700003 PM 9262810 ER PT J AU Popper, SE AF Popper, SE TI Incorporating occupational medicine methodology into military fitness for duty and readiness issues SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-FITNESS; WORKER FITNESS; STRENGTH; HEALTH AB The need for the U.S. Air Force (USAF) to know its personnel's fitness for duty and readiness status is one of the most significant criteria for determining their ability to complete the missions assigned to them. This is especially critical in the current milieu of increasing deployments. However, the USAF has a very limited program to meet this need. Occupation Medicine has had extensive experience in determining job requirements, assessing individuals, and monitoring performance over time. Further integrating Occupational Medicine methodology and the current state of scientific knowledge on physical performance is advocated to improve the USAF's ability to have a fit and ready force able to meet its burgeoning mission. This paper reviews the literature with the following recommendations: a) assess the physical fitness of the force given future demands due to readiness taskings and if necessary mandate individual and unit exercise and provide time for these activities; b) eliminate the weight management and cycle ergometry programs; c) establish physical fitness standards appropriate for each job as well as for initial entry into the USAF, these standards should incorporate ongoing testing, evaluation, and training; d) body fat should be treated only as a medical condition and not as an image standard; and e) establish case management teams to optimize the identification, treatment, return to duty and medical boarding of personnel with injuries or subpar performance C1 74TH MED GRP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 68 IS 8 BP 740 EP 745 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA XQ267 UT WOS:A1997XQ26700012 PM 9262819 ER PT J AU Popper, SE Morris, CE AF Popper, SE Morris, CE TI Are human subject volunteers still players in aeromedical research as we enter the 21st century? SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERSONALITY; PILOTS AB The U.S. Air Force has enjoyed the luxury of having dedicated human volunteer subjects for sustained and impact acceleration research for over 50 yr. However, with today's world economy and budgetary cutbacks, this may no longer be a viable option. The onslaught of advanced medical technology, combined with an increasing performance envelope for aircraft and their ejection systems, have created an environment where the validity of research data and the ethics of human-use research are being challenged. Now is an opportune time to reevaluate the way human-use aeromedical research is conducted. The validity of using nonpilots in lieu of pilots in aeromedical research is discussed in light of the following: a) the increased emphasis on performance metrics within sustained acceleration: b) the matching of human subjects (nonpilots) to pilots in the appropriate attributes to ensure validity of data; c) degree of medical screening required given the ethics of human-use research and concerns of pilots; and d) the challenge of evaluating the ''value added'' of new technology for medical screening. It is concluded that volunteer panels should be maintained with nonpilots matched with pilots physically and psychologically such that operational performance characteristics are similar. Medical screening should be similar so that research data from subjects can be applied to the target population (pilots). Longitudinal data collection (e.g., spinal X-rays) on pilots would also be of great value as a basis for studying the occupational hazards of flying. C1 74TH MED GRP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH. ARMSTRONG LAB,ESCAPE & IMPACT PROTECT BRANCH,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 68 IS 8 BP 746 EP 750 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA XQ267 UT WOS:A1997XQ26700013 PM 9262820 ER PT J AU Hardman, WE Cameron, IL Beer, WH Speeg, KV Kadakia, SC Lang, KA AF Hardman, WE Cameron, IL Beer, WH Speeg, KV Kadakia, SC Lang, KA TI Transforming growth factor alpha distribution in rectal crypts as a biomarker of decreased colon cancer risk in patients consuming cellulose SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID LOSE PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSE; CELL-PROLIFERATION; DIETARY CELLULOSE; TGF-ALPHA; CARCINOGENESIS; RATS; DIFFERENTIATE; NEOPLASIA; RECEPTOR; CALCIUM AB Data from rat experimental carcinogenesis studies indicate that supplemental dietary cellulose reduces the incidence of colon cancer. Epidemiology studies also indicate that high dietary fiber reduces the risk of colorectal cancer in humans. Patients diagnosed with sporadic adenomas were entered into a randomized clinical trial to determine if supplemental dietary cellulose would reduce the patients' risk for colon cancer. Immunohistochemical staining for transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) was done on biopsies of rectal mucosa taken from patients at the time of initial polypectomy and 1 year later. Results were evaluated for utility as a surrogate end point biomarker for reduction in colon cancer risk. There was a significant decrease in the fraction of the rectal crypt cells that stained for TGF-alpha in six of seven of the patients given the cellulose supplements but in only one of six of the patients not given cellulose. Thus, whether evaluated as a group or in individual patients, there was a significant decrease in TGF-alpha in rectal crypts due to cellulose intervention, which correlated with the expected ability of supplemental dietary cellulose to decrease the risk for colon cancer. Long-term testing of the ability of dietary cellulose to reduce adenoma recurrence is under way to validate the use of TGF-alpha as a surrogate end point biomarker. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. AUDIE MURPHY DIV,S TEXAS VET HLTH CARE SYST,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78234. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. RP Hardman, WE (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT CELLULAR & STRUCT BIOL,7703 FLOYD CURL DR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284, USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 6 IS 8 BP 633 EP 637 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XR010 UT WOS:A1997XR01000012 PM 9264277 ER PT J AU Slawski, DP AF Slawski, DP TI High tibial osteotomy in the treatment of adult osteochondritis dissecans SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FEMORAL CONDYLES; KNEE-JOINT; CARTILAGE; INJURY; FEMUR AB This study reports one surgeon's experience using valgus high tibial osteotomy in the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the medial femoral condyle in adult patients. Seven knees in six patients with osteochondritis dissecans were reviewed as the basis of the study. Five patients (five knees) were men, and one patient (two knees) was a woman. The average age at surgery was 32 years. Patients reported medial knee pain, recurrent effusions, and disability, An average of three procedures per knee had been performed previously. Four knees had achieved union of the osteochondral fragments but with overlying articular cartilage degeneration observed at arthroscopy. Three knees had failed attempts at fixation with eventual excision of the fragmented osteochondral lesions. None of the knees showed diffuse medial compartment gonarthrosis by radiographic or arthroscopic examinations, Involved knees had relative varus malalignment with an average femoral and tibial angle of 0 degrees compared with the uninvolved knees average of 5 degrees valgus, Preoperative technetium scintigraphy showed isolated uptake in the medial femoral condyle of all involved knees. Preoperative Lysholm scores averaged 39 points. Patients were observed for an average of 30 months after surgery. The average Lysholm score at latest followup was 89 points. Femoral and tibial angles averaged 9 degrees valgus. On subjective questioning, all patients reported marked improvement, satisfaction with the surgery, and said they had no need for additional operative intervention. C1 USAF,MED CTR,DEPT ORTHOPED SURG,SCOTT AFB,IL. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD AUG PY 1997 IS 341 BP 155 EP 161 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA XQ565 UT WOS:A1997XQ56500024 PM 9269169 ER PT J AU Farmer, JC AF Farmer, JC TI Heatstroke: Community prevention and prospective immunotherapeutic interventions SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE heat-related death; heat stroke; heat stress; cytokine receptors RP Farmer, JC (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1263 EP 1264 DI 10.1097/00003246-199708000-00003 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA XQ994 UT WOS:A1997XQ99400003 PM 9267929 ER PT J AU Sudarshan, TS Gradinaru, G Korony, G Gradinaru, SA Mitchel, W AF Sudarshan, TS Gradinaru, G Korony, G Gradinaru, SA Mitchel, W TI High field high temperature performance of semi-insulating silicon carbide SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ECSCRM 96) CY OCT 06-09, 1996 CL IRAKLION, GREECE SP Commiss European Union, Training & Mobil Researchers Programme, Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Greek Minist Culture, Gen Secretariat Res & Technol, Greece, Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Greece, USA, European Res Off DE silicon carbide; resistivity; temperature; electronic field ID DEVICES AB The influence of ambient temperature (295-730 K) and pulsed electric fields (0.5-80 kV/cm) on the electrical properties of high resistivity single-crystal 6H-SiC is reported. It is shown that the resistivity of the undoped 6H-SiC varies strongly, with the ambient temperature following a temperature/field function dominated by an exponential factor containing the activation (ionization) energy of residual boron of 0.35 eV. The dominant activation energy of semi-insulating Vanadium-compensated material (6H-SiC:V) varies with the ambient temperature, increasing from approx. 0 eV at 295-320 K to approx. 0.8 eV at T > 600 K. This result can explain the viability of insulating 6H-SiC as a substrate for next-generation high temperature power microwave integrated circuits based on large bandgap semiconductors. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 SC GOVERNORS SCH SCI & MATH,HARTSVILLE,SC 29550. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLPO,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Sudarshan, TS (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1392 EP 1395 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(97)00103-9 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA XW167 UT WOS:A1997XW16700035 ER PT J AU Won, AYJ Pires, JA Haroun, MA AF Won, AYJ Pires, JA Haroun, MA TI Stochastic seismic performance evaluation of tuned liquid column dampers - Reply SO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 APPL RES ASSOCIATES INC,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87110. USAF ACAD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,IRVINE,CA 92717. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0098-8847 J9 EARTHQUAKE ENG STRUC JI Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 8 BP 877 EP 878 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA XP217 UT WOS:A1997XP21700008 ER PT J AU Cherry, MC Mall, S Heinimann, B Grandt, AF AF Cherry, MC Mall, S Heinimann, B Grandt, AF TI Residual strength of unstiffened aluminum panels with multiple site damage SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article AB This study investigated the residual strength of unstiffened aluminum panels with widths of 381 mm and 229 mm containing multiple site damage (MSD). The MSD usually occurs at rivet holes, or other stress concentration locations within an aircraft structure. This study simulated rivet holes with MSD, by using holes of constant diameter with small cracks, evenly spaced across the midspan of specimens. The panels were prepared by either fatiguing MSD damage at rivet holes or simulating fatigue damage by saw cuts at each hole. Each specimen was subjected to a monotonically increasing tensile load until failure occurred across the midspan of the gauge section. Five different failure criteria which do not model the stable crack extension were evaluated to predict the residual strength (failure load) for each specimen geometry. These criteria provided a wide range of residual strength predictions for wide and narrow panels with MSD. A failure criterion which involved the plastic zone (yielding) of the lead and MSD cracks gave the most accurate prediction of failure load for panels with MSD damage. The width of the specimens did not affect, in general, the trends in the prediction of failure loads from the five failure criteria. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Cherry, MC (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 57 IS 6 BP 701 EP 713 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(97)00037-4 PG 13 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA YC723 UT WOS:A1997YC72300009 ER PT J AU Riegler, JL Lang, KA AF Riegler, JL Lang, KA TI Lack of efficacy of TIPS for hepatopulmonary syndrome - Reply SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID INTRAHEPATIC PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. RP Riegler, JL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SACRAMENTO,CA 95817, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD AUG PY 1997 VL 113 IS 2 BP 729 EP 730 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA XQ410 UT WOS:A1997XQ41000058 ER PT J AU Kirkland, LV Wright, RG AF Kirkland, LV Wright, RG TI Using neural networks to solve testing problems SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses using Neural Networks for diagnosing circuit faults.,Ss a circuit is tested, the output signals from a Unit Under Test can vary as different functions are invoked by the test. When plotted against time, these signals create a characteristic trace for the test performed, Sensors in the ATS can be used to monitor the output signals during test execution, Using such an approach, defective components can be classified using a Neural Network according to the pattern of variation from that exhibited by a known good card. This provides a means to develop testing strategies for circuits based upon observed performance rather than domain expertise. Such capability is particularly important with systems whose performance. especially under faulty conditions, is not well documented or where suitable domain knowledge and experience does not exist, Thus, neural network solutions may, in some application areas, exhibit better performance than either conventional algorithms or knowledge-based systems. They may also be retrained periodically as a background function, resulting with the network gaining accuracy over time. C1 GMA IND INC,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21401. RP Kirkland, LV (reprint author), USAF,TISAC,ALC,OO,7278 4TH ST,HILL AFB,UT 84056, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 12 IS 8 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1109/62.609531 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XN833 UT WOS:A1997XN83300012 ER PT J AU Watson, JP Miller, HC AF Watson, JP Miller, HC TI Raman shifting in the absence of multiple Stokes orders with a Nd:YAG laser in hydrogen: Evidence of coupling between the forward and backward Stokes processes SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; Raman shifting; Stokes AB By Raman shifting the output of a 1.319-mu m Nd:YAG laser in hydrogen, up to 24.5 mJ of Stokes light at 2.918 mu m has been generated. Due to the low energy of the 2.918-mu m Stokes photons, the first Stokes is the only Stokes line for this system. The effect of pressure on the conversion is notably simpler in this regime, but the gain saturates unusually slowly, An unexpected pump linemidth sensitivity in the forward Stokes conversion is observed. Coupling of the forward and backward Stokes processes is suggested as an explanation for these effects and is supported by a simple model. C1 USAF, PHILLIPS LAB, LSERS & IMAGING DIRECTORATE, KIRTLAND AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Watson, JP (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA, CTR OPT SCI, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1288 EP 1293 DI 10.1109/3.605549 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA XL593 UT WOS:A1997XL59300006 ER PT J AU Wrobel, MC Clinthorne, NH Fessler, JA Zhang, Y Wilderman, SJ Rogers, WL AF Wrobel, MC Clinthorne, NH Fessler, JA Zhang, Y Wilderman, SJ Rogers, WL TI A proposed method for correcting aperture penetration in high energy slit aperture and pinhole SPECT SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) / Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS) CY NOV 05-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Inst Elect & Electr Engineers ID EMISSION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ALGORITHM AB Aperture penetration in high energy pin-hole and slit aperture SPECT results in a decrease of both resolution and contrast. At 511 keV, approximately 50% of projection counts can be attributed to penetration, Correction for this effect by measuring the penetration from a ''blocked'' slit has been investigated using SPRINT-II. Slit apertures were blocked with small bars of depleted uranium (DU) and projections acquired to serve as an estimate of the penetration background. The block's finite size and DU's limited attenuation of 511 keV photons required the blocked projection data to be corrected by a spatially variant, Monte Carlo based window function. F-18 line sources imaged without correction for penetration had an 8.8 mm FWHM and 18 mm FWTM due to large penetration tails. Lines reconstructed with penetration correction achieved 5.0 mm FWHM and 8.6 mm FWTM resolution. An F-18 filled mu-Jaszczak phantom (hot lines from 1.5 mm to 4 mm) imaged without correction produced a barely discernible 4 mm line set and uniform background. Images produced with correction produced clear images of 3 mm holes with negligible background The findings should be generally applicable to clinical gamma camera systems. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP Wrobel, MC (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,OEBZ,2402 E DR,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1564 EP 1570 DI 10.1109/23.632733 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA XP919 UT WOS:A1997XP91900016 ER PT J AU Santos, E Shimony, SE Williams, E AF Santos, E Shimony, SE Williams, E TI Hybrid algorithms for approximate belief updating in Bayes nets SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPROXIMATE REASONING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI 96) CY AUG 01-04, 1996 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Hugin Expert A S, Informat Extract & Transport, Knowledge Ind, Microsoft Res, Prevision, Ricoh Calif Res Ctr, Rockwell Sci Ctr, Thinkbank DE probabilistic reasoning; Bayes networks; belief updating; approximation algorithms; sampling algorithms; genetic algorithms ID PROBABILISTIC INFERENCE; NP-HARD; NETWORKS AB Belief updating in Bayes nets, a well-known computationally hard problem, has recently been approximated by several deterministic algorithms and by various randomized approximation algorithms Deterministic algorithms usually provide probability bounds, but have an exponential runtime. Some randomized schemes have a polynomial runtime, but provide only probability estimates. Randomized algorithms that accumulate high-probability partial instantiations, resulting in probability bounds, are presented. Some of these algorithms are also sampling algorithms. Specifically, a variant of backward sampling, used both as a sampling algorithm and as a randomized enumeration algorithm, is introduced and evaluated An implicit assumption made in prior work, for both sampling and accumulation algorithms, that query nodes must be instantiated in all the samples, is relaxed Genetic algorithms can be used as an alternate search component for high-probability instantiations; several methods of applying them to belief updating are presented. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT MATH & COMP SCI,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RI SHIMONY, EYAL SHLOMO/F-1940-2012 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0888-613X J9 INT J APPROX REASON JI Int. J. Approx. Reasoning PD AUG-OCT PY 1997 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 191 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0888-613X(97)00012-1 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA XB592 UT WOS:A1997XB59200004 ER PT J AU Baxley, JS Henley, MV Wells, JR AF Baxley, JS Henley, MV Wells, JR TI The hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant and products of ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; METHYL NITRITE; KINETICS; ETHER; MECHANISM; NITRATE AB The relative rate technique has been used to measure the hydroxyl radical (OH) reaction rate constant of ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate (EEP, CH3CH2-O-CH2CH2C(O)O-CH2CH3). EEP reacts with OH with a bimolecular rate constant of (22.9 +/- 7.4) X 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1)s(-1) at 297 +/- 3 K and 1 atmosphere total pressure. In order to more clearly define EEP's atmospheric reaction mechanism, an investigation into the OH + EEP reaction products was also conducted. The OH + EEP reaction products and yields observed were: ethyl glyoxate (EG, 25 +/- 1% HC(=O)C(=O)-O-CH2CH3), ethyl (2-formyl) acetate (EFA, 4.8 +/- 0.2%, HC(=O)-CH2-C(=O)-O-CH2CH3), ethyl (3-formyloxy) propionate (EFP, 30 +/- 1%, HC(=O)-O-CH2CH2-C(=O)-O-CH2CH3), ethyl formate (EF, 37 +/- 1%, HC(=O)O-CH,CH,), and acetaldehyde (4.9 +/- 0.2%, KC(=O)CH3). Neither the EEP's OH rate constant nor the OH/EEP reaction products have been previously reported. The products' formation pathways are discussed in light of current understanding of oxygenated hydrocarbon atmospheric chemistry. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,ENVIRON DIRECTORATE,AL EOL,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. APPL RES ASSOCIATES,GULF COAST DIV,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 29 IS 8 BP 637 EP 644 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1997)29:8<637::AID-KIN9>3.0.CO;2-V PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XK762 UT WOS:A1997XK76200009 ER PT J AU Buchholz, TA Gurgoze, E Bice, WS Prestidge, BR AF Buchholz, TA Gurgoze, E Bice, WS Prestidge, BR TI Dosimetric analysis of intact breast irradiation in off-axis planes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Meeting of the Radiological-Society-of-North-America CY NOV 26-DEC 01, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Radiol Soc N Amer DE breast; radiation; dose; volume; inhomogeneity; off-axis ID CONTRALATERAL BREAST; DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS; RADIATION-THERAPY; CANCER; RADIOTHERAPY; SIZE AB Purpose/Objective: The purpose of this investigation is to quantify dose inhomogeneity of intact breast irradiation in off-axis planes, and determine how dose inhomogeneity varies according to patient breast size and anatomical region of the breast. Methods and Materials: Eleven patients treated with intact breast radiation underwent a treatment-planning computer tomography (CT) scan with l-cm slices through the entire breast. The area of breast tissue was defined on each CT slice. Treatment planning with lung correction factors was performed using a two-dimensional treatment-planning system that calculates off-axis dose distributions on a slice-by-slice basis. Each plan utilized tangential beams with matched nondivergent posterior borders and, with collimator rotation to match the chest wall slope. Dose inhomogeneity within the central plane was minimized during treatment planning by the use of a wedge on the lateral tangent field and by the differential weighting of fields. Dose was normalized at the breast and pectoralis major interface at midseparation in the central plane. Off-axis dose inhomogeneity was not considered in the optimization of the treatment plan. Dose distributions were plotted for each I-cm slice, and the area of each isodose curve within the breast on each CT slice was calculated. The results of each slice mere summed to give an approximation of dose-volume relationships. Results: For the entire population, an average of 10% of the breast volume (range 1-40%) received 110% or greater of the prescribed dose. Increasing dose inhomogeneity was positively correlated with increasing breast sizes (r = 0.72, p = 0.01-Spearmen rank test). Analysis of dose as a function of location within the breast, revealed that the greatest dose inhomogeneity occurred in the lower anatomical quadrants of the breast (p = 0.003-Kruskal-Wallis test). For the group, the mean breast volume that received a 110% or greater dose was: 30% at 6 cm below central axis, 14% at 4 cm below central axis, 6% at central axis, 5% at 4 cm above central axis, and 7% at 6 cm above central axis. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that a significant volume of breast tissue receives 110% or greater of the prescribed dose. This inhomogeneity is greatest in women with larger breast sizes, providing a possible explanation for the poorer cosmetic result seen in this subset of patients compared to women with small breast sizes. In addition, our results show the greatest dose inhomogeneity in the lower quadrants of the breast. Off-axis dose inhomogeneity should be considered in the planning of tumor bed boosts in women with lower quadrant tumors. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DIV RADIAT ONCOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. CANC THERAPY & RES CTR S TEXAS,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78240. NR 15 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 39 IS 1 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(97)00292-7 PG 7 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XU994 UT WOS:A1997XU99400030 PM 9300762 ER PT J AU Reigelsperger, WC Hammett, KD Banda, SS AF Reigelsperger, WC Hammett, KD Banda, SS TI Robust control law design for lateral-directional modes of an F-16/MATV using mu-synthesis and dynamic inversion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT CONTROL DESIGN; OF-ATTACK FLIGHT AB A manual flight control system for the lateral-directional dynamics of a modern fighter aircraft incorporating thrust vectoring is presented. Design goals are posed in terms of maintaining acceptable flying qualities during high angle of attack (alpha) manoeuvring while also achieving robustness to model parameter variations and unmodelled dynamics over the entire flight envelope. The need for gain scheduling a dynamic controller is eliminated by using an inner loop dynamic inversion/outer loop structured singular value (mu)-synthesis control structure which separately addresses operating envelope variations and robustness concerns, respectively. Performance objectives are based on commanding sideslip angle and stability axis roll rate. Realistic representations of both structured (real parametric) and unstructured uncertainty are included in the design/anlysis process. A flight condition dependent control selector maps generalized controls to physical control deflections, considering actuator redundancy, effectiveness and saturation issues. An angle of attack dependent command prefilter shapes commands to produce desired responses. Structured singular value analysis, low-order equivalent system (LOES) fits, and linear step responses demonstrate satisfaction of design goals. Simulation shows excellent control at both low and high angles of attack. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Reigelsperger, WC (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WL FIGC,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD AUG PY 1997 VL 7 IS 8 BP 777 EP 795 PG 19 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA XP728 UT WOS:A1997XP72800003 ER PT J AU Schmidt, NB Lerew, DR Jackson, RJ AF Schmidt, NB Lerew, DR Jackson, RJ TI The role of anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic: Prospective evaluation of spontaneous panic attacks during acute stress SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Conference of the Association-for-Advancement-of-Behavior-Therapy CY NOV, 1996 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Assoc Adv Behav Therapy ID PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; TRAIT ANXIETY; NONCLINICAL POPULATION; LIFE EVENTS; DISORDER; INVENTORY; FEAR; DEPRESSION; HYPERVENTILATION; AGORAPHOBIA AB Expectancy theory posits that anxiety sensitivity may serve as a premorbid risk factor for the development of anxiety pathology (S. Reiss, 1991). The principal aim of the present study was to determine whether anxiety sensitivity acts as a specific vulnerability factor in the pathogenesis of anxiety pathology. A large, nonclinical sample of young adults (N = 1,401) was prospectively followed over a 5-week highly stressful period of time (i.e., military basic training). Anxiety sensitivity was found to predict the development of spontaneous panic attacks after controlling for a history of panic attacks and trait anxiety. Approximately 20% of those scoring in the upper decile on the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (R. A. Peterson & S. Reiss, 1987) experienced a panic attack during the 5-week follow-up period compared with only 6% for the remainder of the sample. Anxiety sensitivity also predicted anxiety symptomatology, functional impairment created by anxiety, and disability. These data provide strong evidence for anxiety sensitivity as a risk factor in the development of panic attacks and other anxiety symptoms. C1 USAF ACAD,DEPT BEHAV SCI & LEADERSHIP,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840. RP Schmidt, NB (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED & CLIN PSYCHOL,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 49 TC 431 Z9 441 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0021-843X J9 J ABNORM PSYCHOL JI J. Abnorm. Psychol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 106 IS 3 BP 355 EP 364 DI 10.1037/0021-843X.106.3.355 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA XM161 UT WOS:A1997XM16100001 PM 9241937 ER PT J AU Downing, JM Ku, DN AF Downing, JM Ku, DN TI Effects of frictional losses and pulsatile flow on the collapse of stenotic arteries SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID UNSTEADY-FLOW; PLAQUE; MODEL; WALL; PRESSURE; STEADY; TUBES AB High-grade stenosis can produce conditions in which the artery may collapse. A one-dimensional numerical model of a compliant stenosis was developed from the collapsible tube theory of Shapiro. The model extends an earlier model by including the effects of frictional losses and unsteadiness. The model was used to investigate the relative importance of several physical parameters present in the in vivo environment. The results indicated that collapse can occur within the stenosis. Frictional loss was influential in reducing the magnitude of collapse. Large separation losses could prevent collapse outright even with low downstream resistances. However, the degree of stenosis was still the primary parameter governing the onset of collapse. Pulsatile solutions demonstrated conditions that produce cyclic collapse within the stenosis. This study predicts certain physiologic conditions in which collapse of arteries may occur for high-grade stenoses. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,GEORGE W WOODRUFF SCH MECH ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332. RP Downing, JM (reprint author), USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0148-0731 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 1997 VL 119 IS 3 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1115/1.2796096 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA XU376 UT WOS:A1997XU37600014 PM 9285345 ER PT J AU Bolton, JWR AF Bolton, JWR TI Left thoracotomy for reoperative revascularization of the posterior coronary circulation SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article DE coronary artery bypass; reoperation; thoracotomy ID MORTALITY; MORBIDITY AB Reoperative sternotomy for repeat coronary artery revascularization is known to have increased morbidity and mortality when compared to first time sternotomy. The increased risk involve damage to the heart itself, injury to previously placed bypass grafts, embolization of debris from manipulation of diseased grafts leading to possible myocardial infarction as well as the numerous other hazards which may com plicate a difficult reoperative dissection, The use of the left thoracotomy for reoperative revascularization of the left thoracotomy for reoperative revascularization of the posterior coronary circulation avoids to the usual hazards of reoperative sternotomy. This approach allows for easy access to the posterior circulation not only for vein graft placement but also for the use of the mammary artery for grafting when necessary. Through the use of an illustrative case report and the discussion of previously reported cases the technique of the procedure as well as its variations and applications is described. The technique of left thoracotomy for reoperation revascularization in selected cases represents a useful alternative in the armamentarium of cardiac surgeon. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT CARDIOTHORAC SURG,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA PI TURIN PA CORSO BRAMANTE 83-85 INT JOURNALS DEPT., 10126 TURIN, ITALY SN 0021-9509 J9 J CARDIOVASC SURG JI J. Cardiovasc. Surg. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 407 EP 410 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Surgery GA XN716 UT WOS:A1997XN71600015 ER PT J AU Maji, AK Acree, R Satpathi, D Donnelly, K AF Maji, AK Acree, R Satpathi, D Donnelly, K TI Evaluation of pultruded FRP composites for structural applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composites (E-glass, carbon fiber, polyester, and epoxy matrix) were fabricated using ''pultrusion,'' a cost-effective process for manufacturing fiber/matrix composites. Investigation of the design principles governing civil structures prove that stiffness (elastic modulus)/density rather than strength/density is the most critical property of these materials. Among other variables, large fiber-volume fraction, low void ratio, and fiber straightness are essential for high modulus. The feasibility of rapidly measuring the elastic modulus of pultruded composites during the manufacturing process using acoustic wave velocity was therefore explored. Results were compared with conventional flexure tests and resonant frequency tests. Damping was also comparable to that of steel. Comparison with conventional structural materials reveal that composites currently available in the market are competitive structural materials only if secondary considerations govern the design. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,VTV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87117. RP Maji, AK (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0899-1561 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 154 EP 158 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1997)9:3(154) PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA XM220 UT WOS:A1997XM22000008 ER PT J AU Franklin, RE Holmberg, CD Reynolds, JR Perram, GP AF Franklin, RE Holmberg, CD Reynolds, JR Perram, GP TI Spectroscopic study of the Br-2 B-3 Pi(0(u)(+))-X-1 Sigma(+)(g) system using Fourier transform absorption and laser-induced fluorescence techniques SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; STATE; BR2 AB The spectroscopy of the Br-2 (BII)-I-3(O-u(+))-X-1 Sigma(g)(+) system has been revisited using both high-resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy and laser-induced fluorescence techniques. Improved rotational constants are reported based on an analysis of 97 vibrational bands observed in absorption at 0.02 cm(-1) resolution for the (BrBr)-Br-79-Br-79 isotope, including v' = 6-39, v '' = 0-5, and J '' less than or equal to 84. In addition, over 100 bandheads in the (BrBr)-Br-79-Br-81 isotope were identified from laser-induced fluorescence transitions originating from 15 less than or equal to v' less than or equal to 21 and terminating on high-lying vibrational levels in the ground electronic state, 1 less than or equal to v '' less than or equal to 27. The vibrational constants for the X-1 Sigma(g)(+) state extended to v '' = 27 are w(e) = 323.88 cm(-1),w(e)x(e) = 1.0696 cm(-1), and w(e)y(e) = -0.00280 cm(-1). (C) 1997 Academic Press . RP Franklin, RE (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN PHYS,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 184 IS 2 BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1997.7330 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA XY001 UT WOS:A1997XY00100007 ER PT J AU Rogers, JS Witt, PL AF Rogers, JS Witt, PL TI The controversy of cranial bone motion SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Review DE cranial bone motion; craniosacral therapy ID SUTURE AB Cranial bone motion continues to stimulate controversy. This controversy affects the general acceptance of some intervention methods used by physical therapists, namely, cranial osteopathic and craniosacral therapy techniques. Core to these intervention techniques is the belief that cranial bone mobility provides a compliant system where somatic dysfunction can occur and therapeutic techniques can be applied. Diversity of opinion over the truth of this concept characterizes differing viewpoints on the anatomy and physiology of the cranial complex, literature on cranial bone motion was reviewed for the purpose oi better understanding this topic. Published research overall was scant and inconclusive. Animal and human studies demonstrate a potential for small magnitude motion. Physical therapists should carefully scrutinize the literature presented as evidence for cranial bone motion. Further research is needed to resolve this controversy. Outcomes research, however; is needed to validate cranial bone mobilization as an effective treatment. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DIV PHYS THERAPY,HUMAN MOVEMENT SCI PROGRAM,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27515. RP Rogers, JS (reprint author), USAF ACAD,SGOSY,4102 PIN DR,SUITE 100,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 2 BP 95 EP 103 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA XM348 UT WOS:A1997XM34800007 PM 9243408 ER PT J AU Cvancara, JL Elston, DM AF Cvancara, JL Elston, DM TI Bullous eruption in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: Mite dermatitis caused by Cheyletiella blakei SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFESTATIONS; HUMANS; CATS C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT DERMATOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 2 BP 265 EP 267 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(97)80137-5 PN 1 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA XT275 UT WOS:A1997XT27500019 PM 9270516 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Kerans, RJ AF Parthasarathy, TA Kerans, RJ TI Predicted effects of interfacial roughness on the behavior of selected ceramic composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SLIDING EXPERIMENTS; INDENTATION METHOD; FIBER ROUGHNESS; SHEAR-STRENGTH; PUSHOUT TESTS; FRICTION; STRESSES; PULLOUT AB Potential effects of interfacial roughness in ceramic composites mere studied using a model that included the progressively increasing contribution of roughness with relative fiber/matrix displacement during debonding of the fiber/matrix interface. A parametric approach was used to study interfacial roughness in conjunction with other parameters such as the strength, radius, and volume fraction of the fiber, The progressive roughness contribution during initial fiber/matrix sliding caused a high effective coefficient of friction, as well as an increased clamping stress, which led to rapidly changing friction with increasing debond length. Calculated effects implied a potentially significant contribution to the behavior of real composite systems and the necessity for explicit consideration in the interpretation of experimental data to understand composite behavior correctly. In a tension test, the Poisson's contraction of the fiber may negate the effects of roughness, allowing an ''effective constant shear stress'' (tau) approximation, This was evaluated using a piecewise linear approximation to the progressive roughness model in an analysis of composite stress-strain behavior; for the Nicalon/SiC system, the effective tau value was lower than the values that would be obtained from fiber pushout tests and/or matrix crack spacings. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 80 IS 8 BP 2043 EP 2055 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA XQ331 UT WOS:A1997XQ33100015 ER PT J AU Ellerbroek, BL Rhoadarmer, TA AF Ellerbroek, BL Rhoadarmer, TA TI Optimizing the performance of closed-loop adaptive-optics control systems on the basis of experimentally measured performance data SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES; SLOPE MEASUREMENTS; GUIDE STARS; COMPENSATION; DISTORTION; LASER; RECONSTRUCTION; ANISOPLANATISM; RANGE AB An experimental method is presented to optimize the control algorithm for a closed-loop adaptive-optics system employed with an astronomical telescope. The technique uses wave-front sensor measurements from an independent scoring sensor to calculate adjustments to the wave-front reconstruction algorithm and the bandwidth of the adaptive-optics control loop that will minimize the residual mean-square phase distortion as measured by this sensor. Specifying the range of possible adjustments defines the class of control algorithms over which system performance will be optimized. In particular, the technique can be used to compute an optimized wave-front reconstruction matrix for use with a prespecified adaptive-optics control-loop bandwidth, optimize the control-loop bandwidth for a given reconstruction matrix, optimize the individual modal control bandwidths for a fixed modal reconstructor, or simultaneously optimize both the wave-front modes and their associated control bandwidths for a fully optimized modal control algorithm. The method applies to closed loop adaptive-optics systems that incorporate one or more natural or laser guide stars and one or more deformable mirrors that are optically conjugate to distinct ranges along the propagation path. Initial experimental results are reported for the case of a hybrid adaptive-optics system incorporating one natural guide star, one laser guide star, and one deformable mirror. These results represent what is to the authors' knowledge the first stable closed-loop operation of an adaptive-optics system using multiple guide stars. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,CTR ASTRON ADAPT OPT,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP Ellerbroek, BL (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,STARFIRE OPT RANGE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1975 EP 1987 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.14.001975 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA XM676 UT WOS:A1997XM67600031 ER PT J AU Cross, CA Cespedes, RD McGuire, EJ AF Cross, CA Cespedes, RD McGuire, EJ TI Treatment results using pubovaginal slings in patients with large cystoceles and stress incontinence SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bladder diseases; urinary incontinence ID URINARY-INCONTINENCE; UTEROVAGINAL PROLAPSE; GENITAL PROLAPSE; WOMEN AB Purpose: We determined the efficacy of performing a pubovaginal sling concurrently with a formal cystocele repair in patients with grade III to IV cystoceles. Materials and Methods: We studied 42 women with grade III to IV cystoceles diagnosed by physical examination and video urodynamics. Of the patients 9 (22%) had intrinsic sphincter deficiency diagnosed by an abdominal leak point pressure of less the 60 cm. water, and 24 (57%) had type II stress incontinence with urethral hypermobility and an abdominal leak point pressure greater than 90 cm. water. A pubovaginal sling and anterior colporrhaphy were performed and, if indicated, other vaginal procedures were done at that time. Results: A total of 36 patients (86%) was available for postoperative pelvic examinations performed at 3-month intervals, for a mean followup of 20.4 months (range 12 to 39). Only 3 patients had symptomatic grade III cystoceles and 2 had enteroceles. Two patients required collagen injections and 2 underwent a repeat pubovaginal sling. Therefore, all patients were continent at the time of followup, Conclusions: This study confirms that in patients with large cystoceles and stress urinary incontinence a pubovaginal sling and anterior colporrhaphy effectively treat the incontinence and reduce the cystocele. In addition, the fascial sling appears to provide additional support to the bladder base, improving the durability of the anterior colporrhaphy. C1 UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,DEPT GYNECOL & REPROD MED,HOUSTON,TX. UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,DEPT UROL,HOUSTON,TX. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT UROL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. RP Cross, CA (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET,HOUSTON,TX, USA. NR 20 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 158 IS 2 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64495-1 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XL143 UT WOS:A1997XL14300026 PM 9224317 ER PT J AU Carlson, JL AF Carlson, JL TI National Geographic's Driving Guides to America: The Rockies SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Carlson, JL (reprint author), VANDENBERG AFB LIB, VANDENBERG AFB, CA 93437 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 122 IS 13 BP 115 EP 115 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA XQ846 UT WOS:A1997XQ84600252 ER PT J AU Carlson, JL AF Carlson, JL TI National Geographic's Guide to the National Parks of the United States - Schmidt,T, Lewis,M SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Carlson, JL (reprint author), VANDENBERG AFB LIB, VANDENBERG AFB, CA 93437 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 122 IS 13 BP 115 EP 115 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA XQ846 UT WOS:A1997XQ84600251 ER PT J AU Carlson, JL AF Carlson, JL TI National Geographic Guide to America's historic places - Hill,CE SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Carlson, JL (reprint author), VANDENBERG AFB LIB, VANDENBERG AFB, CA 93437 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 122 IS 13 BP 115 EP 115 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA XQ846 UT WOS:A1997XQ84600250 ER PT J AU McHugh, CM Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ AF McHugh, CM Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ TI Liquid crystalline siloxane macromolecules with steroidal mesogens SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-BEHAVIOR; POLYMERS AB Several new vinyl and allyloxybenzoate steroidal-based mesogens were synthesized and attached to cyclic tetramethylhydrosiloxane rings using standard hydrosilation chemistry. The steroids examined, all derivatives of cholesterol, 3 beta-hydroxy-24 alpha-ethyl-cholest-5,22-diene, 3 alpha-hydroxyandrostan-17-one, 3 beta-hydroxyandrostan-17-one, and 3 beta-hydroxypreg- 5-en-20-one were chosen because structural variations in the 17-beta aliphatic chain of the tetracyclic core were present. The synthesis and phase behavior of these mesogenic compounds are discussed with respect to previous systematic investigations linking structural features to mesomorphic behavior. Macromolecular cyclic siloxanes derivatized with these steroidal mesogens were characterized for liquid crystallinity using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and X-ray diffraction. Compounds with 17-beta ketone substituents possessing vinylbenzoate spacer groups do not exhibit liquid crystallinity, whereas similar compounds with allyloxybenzoate spacer units exhibit broad smectic mesophases. The ability to form partially or fully interdigitated layered mesophases with respect to the 17-beta substituent is examined using X-ray diffraction. The results indicate the length and flexibility of the 17-beta group must be considered along with the nature of the spacer group in determining phase behavior. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WL MLPJ,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU HUTHIG & WEPF VERLAG PI BASEL PA AUF DEM WOLF 4, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYSIC JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 198 IS 8 BP 2387 EP 2395 DI 10.1002/macp.1997.021980803 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA XR241 UT WOS:A1997XR24100003 ER PT J AU Ebersole, JL Bauman, GR ODell, SEC Giardino, A AF Ebersole, JL Bauman, GR ODell, SEC Giardino, A TI Evidence for serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses in Macaca fascicularis identified by monoclonal antibodies to human IgG subclasses SO ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonhuman primate; antibody; IgG subclass; periodontitis; tetanus toxoid; periodontal pathogen ID LIGATURE-INDUCED PERIODONTITIS; BLACK-PIGMENTED BACTEROIDES; PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY; PROGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS; ORAL MICROORGANISMS; IMMUNIZATION; DISEASE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; PATHOGENESIS AB This investigation determined the capacity of murine monoclonal antibodies directed to human immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses to identify molecules with conserved epitopes in the serum of the nonhuman primate, Macaca fascicularis. We subsequently utilized this cross-reactivity to document the characteristics of IgG subclass antibody responses in M. fascicularis to parenteral immunization with intact oral microorganisms, antigens from oral microorganisms, and finally a defined protein toxin, tetanus toroid. The IgG response in nonhuman primates immunized with tetanus toroid showed a 40-fold and 110-fold increase after primary and secondary immunizations, respectively The major IgG subclass responses were IgG1 and IgG3, with little, though significant, responses in the IgG4 and IgG2 subclasses. Seventy-five to 94% of the natural IgG antibody in nonhuman primate sera to Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Campylobacter rectus was IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 predominated to Bacteroides fragilis, IgG4 to Actinomyces viscosus and an equal distribution among the subclasses was noted in response to Fusobacterium nucleatum. Parenteral immunization of nonhuman primates with intact P. gingivalis elicited primarily IgG3 and IgG4, while the post-immunization IgG response to P. intermedia was largely IgG1. Nonhuman primates were also parenterally immunized with cell envelope antigens of P. gingivalis, P., intermedia, or a combination of cell envelope antigen from C. rectus and F. nucleatum and cell wall antigens of A. viscosus. The greatest IgG antibody response seen post-immunization was reactive with anti-human IgG1 for all of these antigens except to C. rectus which bound nonhuman primate antibody reactive with anti-human IgG2. It appears that the bacteria and their products exhibit unique differences in their induction of serum IgG subclass antibody responses. The characteristics of their immunogenicity as detected by the nonhuman primate may contribute to the ability of the immune responses to effectively interact with these pathogens. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236. RP Ebersole, JL (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH DENT,DEPT PERIODONT,7703 FLOYD CURL DR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-07128] NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0902-0055 J9 ORAL MICROBIOL IMMUN JI Oral Microbiol. Immunol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 12 IS 4 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1111/j.1399-302X.1997.tb00379.x PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology GA XP678 UT WOS:A1997XP67800001 PM 9467387 ER PT J AU Godfrey, BB AF Godfrey, BB TI Need for unity in physics prompts call for changes in PT SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter RP Godfrey, BB (reprint author), ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 1997 VL 50 IS 8 BP 85 EP 85 DI 10.1063/1.881876 PN 1 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XP137 UT WOS:A1997XP13700036 ER PT J AU Barnes, PN AF Barnes, PN TI The electric field in an inductively coupled, low-power-density discharge with cylindrical coils SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Europhysics Sectional Conference on Atomic and Molecular Physics of Ionized Gases CY AUG 27-30, 1996 CL POPRAD, SLOVAKIA AB Models of the electric field have been developed using numerical integration for inductively coupled discharges of cylindrical geometry. However, in some low-power-density, low-pressure applications, it is necessary to know only when the plasma can no longer be considered as having a negligible effect on the electric field in the discharge. A simple expression for the electric field at low discharge power densities is derived for an inductively coupled discharge maintained by rf currents through cylindrical coils and the conditions of its validity. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 6 IS 3 BP 435 EP 436 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/6/3/021 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XV790 UT WOS:A1997XV79000020 ER PT J AU Bhawalkar, JD Swiatkiewicz, J Prasad, PN Pan, SJ Shih, A Samarabandu, JK Cheng, PC Reinhardt, BA AF Bhawalkar, JD Swiatkiewicz, J Prasad, PN Pan, SJ Shih, A Samarabandu, JK Cheng, PC Reinhardt, BA TI Nondestructive evaluation of polymeric paints and coatings using two-photon laser scanning confocal microscopy SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE two-photon; fluorescence microscopy; paints; polymer coatings ID FLUORESCENCE AB A 120 mu m thick tri-layer polymer paint on an aluminium substrate was imaged in three-dimensions using multichannel two-photon confocal laser scanning microscopy. Each layer is doped with a different fluorophore so that the fluorescence emission from the layers can be separated into different channels. Use of i.r. excitation light allows deeper penetration in the polymer layers. The image reveals fine details within each layer, as well as information about the interfaces between layers. The substrate features are also visible with excellent resolution in negative contrast. This technique provides a nondestructive method to probe thick multilayer polymer materials. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 SUNY BUFFALO,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,ADV MICROSCOPY & IMAGING LAB,BUFFALO,NY 14260. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,POLYMER BRANCH,DAYTON,OH 45433. RP Bhawalkar, JD (reprint author), SUNY BUFFALO,DEPT CHEM,PHOTON RES LAB,BUFFALO,NY 14260, USA. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD AUG PY 1997 VL 38 IS 17 BP 4551 EP 4555 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(97)00125-0 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA XK973 UT WOS:A1997XK97300036 ER PT J AU Gavrielides, A Erneux, T Kovanis, V Alsing, PM Simpson, TB AF Gavrielides, A Erneux, T Kovanis, V Alsing, PM Simpson, TB TI Subharmonic transition in an optically injected semiconductor laser: theory and experiments SO QUANTUM AND SEMICLASSICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CHAOS; INSTABILITIES; MODULATION; FEEDBACK AB The equations for a semiconductor laser subject to detuned optical injection are analysed using asymptotic methods. We derive a third-order equation for the phase of the laser field which is then investigated for small injection but arbitrary frequency detuning. The long-time solution is a small amplitude time-periodic solution with a frequency close to the detuning except if the detuning is close to a multiple of the free-running laser relaxation frequency (resonance). We examine the case of subharmonic resonance, injecting at twice the relaxation resonance frequency, in detail. In addition to period-doubling bifurcations, we show the coexistence of bifurcation and isolated branches of solutions. Our approximate results are in good agreement with the numerical bifurcation diagram obtained from the original laser equations. Our analysis motivated a series of new experiments on laser diodes operating in the weak injection but large detuning regime. The experimental spectra show clearly the period-doubling bifurcation as well as the shifting of the slave-laser frequency predicted by our analysis. RP Gavrielides, A (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,NONLINEAR OPT GRP,3350 ABERDEEN,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 1355-5111 J9 QUANTUM SEMICL OPT JI Quantum Semiclass. Opt. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 575 EP 585 DI 10.1088/1355-5111/9/4/007 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA XQ908 UT WOS:A1997XQ90800007 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Mendiratta, MG Dimiduk, DM AF Parthasarathy, TA Mendiratta, MG Dimiduk, DM TI Observations on the creep behavior of fully-lamellar polycrystalline TiAl: Identification of critical effects SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SIZE; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND; TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; DEFORMATION; ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLLM,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 35 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 37 IS 3 BP 315 EP 321 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(97)00099-7 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XL697 UT WOS:A1997XL69700012 ER PT J AU Lin, KC Blair, JL Woodyard, JM AF Lin, KC Blair, JL Woodyard, JM TI Study on dead-reckoning translation in high-level architecture SO SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE dead reckoning; high-level architecture; Dead Reckoning Translator Simulation Program; DRTSP; SIMNET AB In HLA, the concept of dead reckoning (DR) is extended to attribute extrapolation. The federation can use any formula that is agreed upon by the participating federates. If a non-DIS-standard DR algorithm is chosen, a DIS-compatible simulator has bo modify its software to join the federation. The cost can be significant for this kind of modification. This paper suggests the use of dead-reckoning translators to solve this problem. To assist the study, a software tool, Dead Reckoning Translator Simulation Program (DRTSP), was designed and developed. It is a MATLAB-based program using the Graphic User Interface to provide a user-friendly environment. A sample flight trajectory recorded from a flight simulator is used to test the algorithms. The output of the program is the number of PDUs (updates) and the errors of each dead-reckoning algorithm. Conclusions, drawn from the results of the numerical experiments, show translators lead to better results, especially using SIMNET DR. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Lin, KC (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMULATION COUNCILS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 USA SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMULATION JI Simulation PD AUG PY 1997 VL 69 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1177/003754979706900203 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 160EG UT WOS:000078217000003 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Olympic quest - Training for an Olympic medal in Greco-Roman wrestling SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF ACAD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND JI Strength Cond. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 28 EP 38 DI 10.1519/1073-6840(1997)019<0028:OQTFAO>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA XR509 UT WOS:A1997XR50900005 ER PT J AU Lee, C Maull, E Chapman, N Tracy, S Wood, J Gauntt, C AF Lee, C Maull, E Chapman, N Tracy, S Wood, J Gauntt, C TI Generation of an infectious cDNA of a highly cardiovirulent coxsackievirus B3(CVB3(m)) and comparison to other infectious CVB3 cDNAs SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coxsackievirus B3; molecular evolution; cDNA cloning; RNA editing; cardiovirulence; selective pressure ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SELENIUM-DEFICIENT MICE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TYPE-3 POLIOVIRUS; CARDIAC MYOSIN; B3 INFECTION; GENOME; VIRUS; MYOCARDITIS; EVOLUTION AB An infectious cDNA of a highly myocarditic coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3(m); Nancy strain) was cloned. Sequence data revealed 43 extra non-viral nucleotides upstream of the initial 5' sequence. However, the authentic 5' end sequence was maintained during replication of viral RNA transfected into HeLa cells, suggesting the RNA synthesizing complex edits the picornaviral 5' terminus sequence. Nucleotide sequences of the 5' nontranslated region and the capsid protein gene sequence of CVB3(m) were compared with the published sequences of five other CVB3 Nancy strains and two main lineages were found. In comparative assays for cardiovirulence, three of four CVB3 tested were cardiovirulent in adolescent male CD-1 mice. Only one of the three available CVB3 strains was neutralized with several anti-CVB3(m) monoclonal antibodies, suggesting that mutations in the surface epitopes of the capsid polypeptides contribute to antigenic drift within the serotype, perhaps in part through immunoselective pressures. Thus, phenotypic diversity of CVB3 within the prototype Nancy strain is an example of RNA viruses adapting to changing environments (cells, mice and humans) through mutations and selective pressure. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. ARMSTRONG LAB,OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,OMAHA,NE 68198. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL40303, HL45979] NR 50 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 50 IS 2 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(97)00059-2 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA XR949 UT WOS:A1997XR94900012 PM 9282787 ER PT J AU Barlow, CB Rizzo, AG AF Barlow, CB Rizzo, AG TI Violence against surgical residents SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INPATIENT VIOLENCE; ASSAULTS; STAFF; BEHAVIOR; INJURIES AB Violence against hospital personnel is underreported (less than one in five assaults), and accurate statistics as to the rate of violence against hospital personnel are thus difficult to establish. In the psychiatric discipline, an abundance of information has been published regarding violence in the health care setting, but few studies have examined violence outside psychiatric hospitals or by patients not diagnosed with psychiatric ailments. Using a survey that elicits information about workplace violence, we sought to gauge the prevalence of violent acts affecting general hospital workers who treat victims of violence on a daily basis. The survey was completed by a cohort of surgical staff nationwide (475 responses from 57 residency programs). Two hundred and eighty residents reported having witnessed one or more physical attacks, and 179 reported having been attacked. Violent acts were more likely to be committed in a public hospital than a private institution (P = 0.05). As shown in previous research, most attacks occurred in the emergency room (P = 0.01); the wards and parking lot were next in frequency. Women residents were more likely than men to call hospital security to intervene in a potentially violent situation (P = 0.04), and junior residents (postgraduate years 1-4) were more likely to be attacked than senior residents (greater than or equal to 5 years) (P = 0.04). The attacker was most likely to be a young black male between ages 19 and 30 (P = 0.01). We found no statistical relationship between the attacker and the victim regarding sex or race. Of the 475 respondents, 470 reported that they carry a gun themselves or know someone in the hospital environment who carries a gun. C1 MIKE OCALLAHAN FED HOSP,MED GRP 99,NELLIS AFB,NV 89191. ARMSTRONG LAB,LOGIST RES DIV,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 167 IS 2 BP 74 EP 78 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XU742 UT WOS:A1997XU74200001 PM 9291743 ER PT J AU GlickmanWeiss, E Nelson, AG Hearon, CM Day, R AF GlickmanWeiss, E Nelson, AG Hearon, CM Day, R TI Does capsaicin affect the thermal sensation of males during immersion in 18 degrees C and 22 degrees C? SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE metabolism; thermal sensation; capsaicin; core temperature ID COLD-WATER; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE AB Animals respond to acute local or systemic administration of capsaicin with strong nociceptive reactions. The present investigation examined the thermal sensation in males who were given capsaicin (CAP, 2 mg.kg(-1) body weight) vs a placebo (PL, a maltodextrin capsule) before immersion in cold water. Seven Caucasian males ages 20-28 years were immersed in 18 degrees C and 22 degrees C twice (PL vs CAP) for 120 minutes. The following were examined: metabolism (VO2; L.min(-1)), rectal temperature (Tre; degrees C), and thermal sensation (TS). For VO2 there were no significant differences between treatments (PL vs CAP) when the variables were pooled jointly over the two immersion temperatures (18 degrees C and 22 degrees C) and across time. However, for Tre there were significant differences detected across time (p = 0.01) when Tre was pooled jointly across two treatments and two immersion temperatures. Postanalysis of variance revealed specific significant differences between 5 minutes (mean +/- SE; 37.2 +/- 0.07) and 120 minutes (36.0 +/- 0.09). For TS, there was a trend (p = 0.0699) which demonstrated differences between immersion temperatures only when TS was pooled jointly over the two treatments and across time, whereby TS was lower in 18 degrees C (6.2 +/- 0.5) than in 22 degrees C (3.7 +/- 0.6). From these data it appears that although Tre differed across time and temperature, respectively, a CAP feeding did not affect differentially the TS and metabolic response of males during acute cold water immersion. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT KINESIOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. ARMSTRONG LAB,KRUG LIFE SCI,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LAIE,HI 96762. RP GlickmanWeiss, E (reprint author), KENT STATE UNIV,EXERCISE SCI LAB,163E MACC ANNEX,KENT,OH 44242, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 134 EP 137 DI 10.1580/1080-6032(1997)008[0134:DCATTS]2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA YH397 UT WOS:A1997YH39700002 PM 11990152 ER PT J AU Thoma, BS Boland, EJ Gilliam, DM LeBaron, RG AF Thoma, BS Boland, EJ Gilliam, DM LeBaron, RG TI Versican, a large chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan, is localized to myelinated axons in the adult rat central nervous system SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 1402 BP A1096 EP A1096 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305601886 ER PT J AU Tan, LS Srinivasan, KR Bai, SJ AF Tan, LS Srinivasan, KR Bai, SJ TI New aromatic benzazole polymers .1. Benzobisthiazole and benzobisoxazole polymers with main-chain triarylamino units SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE poly(benzobisthiazole); poly(benzobisoxazole); triphenylamine derivatives; conducting polymers; iodine doping ID NONLINEAR OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RIGID-ROD POLYMERS; CONJUGATED POLYMER; CHARGE-CARRIERS; COPOLYMERS; PHOTOGENERATION; LUMINESCENCE; ENHANCEMENT; ACID AB Thermally stable, nonrigid-rod poly (benzobisthiazoles), (R)TPA-PBZT, where R = H, Me, NMe2, and OH, and poly(benzobisoxazoles), (R)TPA-PBO,where R = Nle, NMe2 containing electron-rich triarylamine groups with various para-substituents (Rs) on the pendent phenyl ring, were synthesized from either 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenedithiol dihydrochloride or 2,4-diamino-1,5-benzenediol dihydrochloride and the respective triarylamine-based dinitrile or diacid monomer in polyphosphoric acid. Whereas (R)TPA-PBZT polymers were obtained in moderate molecular weights, analogous (R)TPA-PBO polymers were only prepared in low molecular weights. No lyotropic behaviors, characteristic of the unmodified rigid-rod benzazole polymers, as evidenced by the absence of either stir opalescence or birefringence under crosspolarizers, were observed for these homopolymers at about 10 wt % polymer concentration. Among these polymers, only (Me)TPA-PBZT and (NMe2)TPA-PBZT formed cast films with good mechanical integrity. In their pristine state, their film conductivity values were in the range of 10(-10)-10(-9) S/cm at room temperature. Upon exposure to iodine vapor, their conductivities were increased to the maximal values of 5.0 x 10(-5) S/cm ((Me)TPA-PBZT) and 4.1 x 10(-4) S/cm ((NMe2)TPA-PBZT). (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 SYSTRAN CORP, DAYTON, OH 45432 USA. UNIV DAYTON, RES INST, DAYTON, OH 45469 USA. RP WRIGHT LAB, MAT DIRECTORATE,MLBP,POLYMER BRANCH,2941 P ST, SUITE 1, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-624X EI 1099-0518 J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 1997 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1909 EP 1924 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0518(19970730)35:10<1909::AID-POLA5>3.0.CO;2-I PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA XH939 UT WOS:A1997XH93900005 ER PT J AU Colucci, DM McKenna, GB Filliben, JI Lee, A Curliss, DB Bowman, KB Russell, JD AF Colucci, DM McKenna, GB Filliben, JI Lee, A Curliss, DB Bowman, KB Russell, JD TI Isochoric and isobaric glass formation: Similarities and differences SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE glass transition; isobaric; isochoric; polymer; poly(carbonate); PVT behavior; free volume theory ID VOLUME-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIPS; ENTHALPY RELAXATION; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; PRIOR HISTORY; TRANSITION REGION; PRESSURE; POLYSTYRENE AB Pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) studies were performed on a glass-forming polymer, poly(carbonate) (PC), under both isobaric and isochoric (constant volume) conditions. An isochoric glass transition was observed and the formation points were found to be consistent with those obtained isobarically. Although the isobaric and isochoric responses were, as expected, the same in the rubbery state, the glassy state values were found to be different and dependent upon the glass formation history. The isobaric data exhibited larger changes in going from the rubber to the glass, hence a ''stronger'' glass transition, than did the isochoric data. Inserting the experimental values for the thermal expansion coefficient alpha and isothermal compressibility beta, into appropriate thermodynamic relations, measures of the strength of each transition are defined. Strength estimates based on literature values of alpha and beta are compared to the experimental measures of the isochoric and isobaric transitions. In addition, both the isobaric and isochoric PVT results were analyzed in terms of the Fox and Flory free volume theory which assumes that the glass transition is an iso-free volume state. While the isobaric results were consistent with the Fox and Flory theory, the isochoric results were not consistent with the idea of an iso-free volume glass transition. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 NIST, STAT ENGN DIV, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT MECH & MAT SCI, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. USAF, WRIGHT LAB, MAT DIRECTORATE, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP NIST, DIV POLYMERS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 56 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUL 30 PY 1997 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1561 EP 1573 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19970730)35:10<1561::AID-POLB8>3.0.CO;2-U PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA XH937 UT WOS:A1997XH93700008 ER PT J AU Johnstone, DK Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Turner, GW AF Johnstone, DK Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Turner, GW TI Deep level capture barrier in molecular beam epitaxial grown AlAsySb1-y measured by isothermal capacitance transient spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Improved isothermal capacitance transient spectroscopy (ICTS), which measures the entire capacitance transient as a function of time and temperature in a single temperature scan, has been implemented in a deep level trap analysis extending the characterization to include capture barrier measurement. This method eliminates inaccuracies introduced by narrow pulse widths that are difficult to reproduce accurately, providing capture barrier information more accurately and easily in addition to the usual deep level characteristics. A method of establishing ICTS experimental conditions and a method of analyzing the resulting data are described and applied to the investigation of deep levels in Te-doped AlAS(0.07)Sb(0.93). The sample shows a single DX center trap having a deep level energy of 278 meV, a high temperature capture cross section of 1.3 X 10(-12) cm(2), and a capture barrier energy of 137 meV, clearly demonstrating the superior method of measuring a capture barrier. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. MIT,LINCOLN LAB,LEXINGTON,MA 02173. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 4 BP 506 EP 508 DI 10.1063/1.119592 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XM733 UT WOS:A1997XM73300028 ER PT J AU Vaidyanathan, M Eckardt, RC Dominic, V Myers, LE Grayson, TP AF Vaidyanathan, M. Eckardt, R. C. Dominic, Vince Myers, L. E. Grayson, T. P. TI Cascaded optical parametric oscillations SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We have observed the spectral and temporal characteristics of a 1.064-mu m pumped, continuously tunable optical parametric oscillator using a periodically poled lithium niobate nonlinear crystal. An efficient secondary oscillation pumped by the resonant primary signal was observed. Predictions obtained from theory agree with observed results and provide insight into the dynamics of pulsed parametric oscillation. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America C1 [Vaidyanathan, M.; Eckardt, R. C.; Dominic, Vince; Myers, L. E.; Grayson, T. P.] US Air Force, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaidyanathan, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. EM vaidyam@aa.wpafb.af.mil FU National Research Council-Air Force Office of Scientific Research associateship programs FX M. Vaidyanathan acknowledges the support provided by the National Research Council-Air Force Office of Scientific Research associateship programs. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 1 IS 2 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA V30FJ UT WOS:000208801600002 PM 19373379 ER PT J AU Karna, SP AF Karna, SP TI Theory of electric-field effects on electron-spin-resonance hyperfine couplings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A quantum mechanical theory of the effects of a uniform electric field on electron-spin-resonance hyperfine couplings is presented. The electric-field effects are described in terms of perturbation coefficients which can be used to probe the local symmetry as well as the strength of the electric field at paramagnetic sites in a solid. Results are presented for the first-order perturbation coefficients describing the Bloembergen effect (linear electric-field effect on hyperfine coupling tensor) for the O atom and the OH radical. RP Karna, SP (reprint author), USAF, PHILLIPS LAB, SPACE MISS TECHNOL DIV, 3550 ABERDEEN AVE, SE, KIRTLAND AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 3 BP 379 EP 382 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.379 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL549 UT WOS:A1997XL54900012 ER PT J AU Mills, JD Sheehy, JA Ferrett, TA Southworth, SH Mayer, R Lindle, DW Langhoff, PW AF Mills, JD Sheehy, JA Ferrett, TA Southworth, SH Mayer, R Lindle, DW Langhoff, PW TI Nondipole resonant x-ray Raman spectroscopy: Polarized inelastic scattering at the K edge of Cl-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION; FLUORESCENCE; SYMMETRY; CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES; MOLECULES; SPECTRA AB Experimental and theoretical studies are reported on the inelastic (Raman) scattering of wavelength-selected polarized x rays from the K edge of gas-phase chlorine molecules. The polarized emission spectra exhibit prominent nondipole features consequent of phase variations of the incident and emitted radiation over molecular dimensions, as predicted by the Kramers-Heisenberg scattering formalism. Issues pursuant to the detection of core-hole localization by resonant Raman scattering from homonuclear diatomic molecules are critically examined. C1 CARLETON COLL,DEPT CHEM,NORTHFIELD,MN 55057. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT CHEM,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. RP Mills, JD (reprint author), USAF,PROPULS SCI DIV,PHILLIPS LAB,EDWARDS AFB,CA 93524, USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 3 BP 383 EP 386 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.383 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL549 UT WOS:A1997XL54900013 ER PT J AU Bruno, JG AF Bruno, JG TI A colorimetric inhibition study of single-stranded DNA decamer sequence interactions with dinitrotoluene SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FIELD SCREENING-TEST; RNA; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; SELECTION; MOLECULES; LIGANDS; INVITRO; WATER; SOIL; TNT AB A novel colored reaction between 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on carbonate-activated plastic surfaces is described. In a preliminary study of the potential of oligonucleotides to bind nitroaromatic explosives, a random library of 1,040 single stranded (ss) DNA decamers (10 bases) in polystyrene microtitre plates were screened for inhibition of color development. The vast majority (89%) of sequences in the library completely inhibited color formation, suggesting that hydrogen bonding between DNA and the nitro groups of DNT was the predominate attractive force, Of the 114 sequences which allowed some visible color development, absorbance (405nm) values were negatively correlated with GC content (r = -0.764), suggesting that some specific binding ''pocket'' structures for DNT may exist in the small library examined. Among the color evolving combinations, differences in amount of DNA were not correlated with absorbance. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 APPL RES ASSOCIATES,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUL 18 PY 1997 VL 236 IS 2 BP 344 EP 346 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6861 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA XM955 UT WOS:A1997XM95500023 PM 9240437 ER PT J AU Smith, SR Evwaraye, AO Mitchel, WC AF Smith, SR Evwaraye, AO Mitchel, WC TI Admittance spectroscopy of 6H, 4H, and 15R silicon carbide SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SCHOTTKY BARRIERS; NITROGEN DONORS; LEVEL; ENERGIES; NITRIDE AB By analyzing the temperature dependence of the capacitance and AC conductance of a zero-biased Schottky diode one obtains the activation energy of the primary shallow dopant in a semiconductor. This technique has become known as Thermal Admittance Spectroscopy. Thermal admittance spectroscopy has been used to characterize nitrogen donors in 4H-; 6H-, and R-15-SiC. p-type dopants (Al, B) have also been characterized in 6H-SiC. In addition, an activation energy attributable to hopping conduction has been obtained in n-type specimens of all three polytypes. The change in the admittance of a Schottky diode caused by illumination, measured as a function of wavelength, is called Optical Admittance Spectroscopy. Optical admittance spectroscopy has been used to study deep centers in silicon carbide where traditional electrical detection is made difficult by the requirement for very high measurement temperatures. Using this technique; the energies of the midgap donor-like levels attributed to vanadium atoms substitutionally occupying the inequivalent lattice sites have been determined. The bandgaps of 6H- and 4H-SiC polytypes have been measured, and the phonon spectra associated with the indirect transitions from the valence band to the conduction band have been determined. C1 UNIV DAYTON, DEPT PHYS, DAYTON, OH 45469 USA. USAF, WRIGHT LAB, MAT DIRECTORATE, MLPO, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, SR (reprint author), UNIV DAYTON, RES INST, 300 COLL PK, DAYTON, OH 45469 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD JUL 16 PY 1997 VL 162 IS 1 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1002/1521-396X(199707)162:1<227::AID-PSSA227>3.0.CO;2-W PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA XQ457 UT WOS:A1997XQ45700010 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Prasad, SV Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, AA Prasad, SV Zabinski, JS TI Nanocrystalline carbide amorphous carbon composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; FILMS AB Nanocrystalline TiC/amorphous carbon (a-C) composite films were synthesized at near room temperature with a hybrid process combining laser ablation of graphite and magnetron sputtering of titanium. Film microstructure was investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction analyses, and transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical properties were evaluated from nanoindentation, scratch, and friction tests. The films consisted of 10 nm sized TiC crystallites encapsulated in a sp(3) bonded a-C matrix. They had a hardness of about 32 GPa and a remarkable plasticity (40% in indentation deformation) at loads exceeding their elastic limit. They were also found to have a high scratch toughness in addition to a low (about 0.2) friction coefficient. The combination of hardness and ductility was correlated with film phase composition and structural analyses, using concepts of nanocomposite mechanics. The properties of the TiC/a-C composites make them beneficial for surface wear and friction protection. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), MLBT, WRIGHT LAB, MAT DIRECTORATE, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 17 TC 206 Z9 208 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 2 BP 855 EP 858 DI 10.1063/1.365784 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XL731 UT WOS:A1997XL73100058 ER PT J AU Lair, AV Shaker, AW AF Lair, AV Shaker, AW TI Classical and weak solutions of a singular semilinear elliptic problem SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEM; EQUATIONS AB The singular semilinear elliptic equation Delta u + p(x)f(u) = 0 is shown to have a unique positive classical solution in R-n that decays to zero at infinity if p(x) is simply a nontrivial nonnegative continuous function satisfying integral(0)(infinity) t max(\x\=t) p(x) dt < infinity provided f is a non-increasing continuously differentiable function on (0, infinity). It is also shown that the equation has a unique weak H-0(1)-solution on a bounded domain provided integral(0)(epsilon) f(s) ds < infinity and p(x) is an element of L-2. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Lair, AV (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT MATH & STAT,ENC,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 16 TC 115 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-247X J9 J MATH ANAL APPL JI J. Math. Anal. Appl. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 211 IS 2 BP 371 EP 385 DI 10.1006/jmaa.1997.5470 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA XL390 UT WOS:A1997XL39000001 ER PT J AU Hemmer, PA Pangaro, L AF Hemmer, PA Pangaro, L TI The effectiveness of formal evaluation sessions during clinical clerkships in better identifying students with marginal funds of knowledge SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Purpose. To compare evaluation methods for identifying third-year medical students whose funds of knowledge are marginal. Method. The written evaluation forms and comments from a formal evaluation session for 124 students in the inpatient medicine clerkship in 1992-93 at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine were reviewed. The written and verbal ratings of a student's general fund of knowledge were converted to similar five point categorical scales. For-each evaluation method, chi-square analysis was used to compare the students identified as having marginal funds of knowledge with those who scored less than or equal to 300 on the end-of-clerkship NBME subject examination. Results. Sixteen students scored less than or equal to 300 on the NBME subject examination. For the checklist descriptors, ratings of ''marginal'' identified three of these 16 students (a sensitivity of 19%). For the written comments on the evaluation form, ratings of ''marginal'' identified four of the 16 (a sensitivity of 25%). For the formal evaluation session, however, ratings of ''marginal'' identified seven of the 16 (a sensitivity of 44%). The specificity of a ''marginal'' rating was excellent (greater than or equal to 95%) for all three evaluation methods. Chi-square analysis was significant for each method (p less than or equal to .01). Conclusion. Although the ability of housestaff and faculty to identify students with weak funds of knowledge may be less than ideal, it may be improved by the routine use of a formal evaluation session. If done during the clerkship, this would allow for a specific plan of remediation to be designed with the instructors for the students at risk. C1 74TH MED GRP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH. NR 7 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 72 IS 7 BP 641 EP 643 DI 10.1097/00001888-199707000-00018 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA XK885 UT WOS:A1997XK88500024 PM 9236476 ER PT J AU Rahaman, MN Dutton, RE Semiatin, SL AF Rahaman, MN Dutton, RE Semiatin, SL TI Effect of solid solution additives on the densification and creep of granular ceramics SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID POWDER COMPACTS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CONSTITUTIVE MODELS; SINTERING DIAGRAMS; CEO2 POWDERS; COMPONENTS; TEMPERATURE; STRESSES AB The effect of solid solution additives on the densification and creep of granular ceramics was investigated for a model system consisting of CeO2 solid solutions with Y2O3 as the additive. In the sintering of powder compacts at 1150 degrees C, the densification rate of CeO2 at a given density decreased significantly with increasing Y3+ concentration. The reduction in the densification rate reached a factor of approximate to 100 for a Y3+ concentration of 6 at.%. Creep of dense specimens was investigated at constant strain rates of 10(-5) and 10(-4) s(-1) in air at 1200 degrees C. After compensation for differences in grain size, the creep rate was also found to decrease significantly with increasing Y3+ concentration. If the creep rate is assumed to be controlled by a mechanism of grain boundary diffusion, then the magnitude of the decrease is in good agreement with that observed in the sintering experiments. The results strongly indicate that it may be possible to predict changes in the steady-state creep behavior from observed changes in the sintering behavior provided that matter transport occurs by the same mechanism. They also indicate that the solid solution approach may have considerable merit for controlling the creep resistance of rare earth oxides that commonly have a high solubility for many cations. (C) 1997 Acta Metallurgica Inc. RP Rahaman, MN (reprint author), WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLLM,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 45 IS 7 BP 3017 EP 3028 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(96)00390-4 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XJ052 UT WOS:A1997XJ05200029 ER PT J AU Greer, JM Palazotto, AN AF Greer, JM Palazotto, AN TI Singularities in polynomial representations of transverse shear in finite elements SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Greer, JM (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1248 EP 1250 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XG886 UT WOS:A1997XG88600030 ER PT J AU Holck, DEE DeBacker, CM Dutton, JJ AF Holck, DEE DeBacker, CM Dutton, JJ TI Deviated hydroxyapatite orbital implant syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB PURPOSE: To describe a patient with a deviated orbital implant after enucleation. METHOD: Case report. RESULT: We examined a postenucleation patient with a medially deviated (''esotropic'') implant: after peg drilling. Modification of the posterior surface of the prosthesis improved cosmesis in the primary position. CONCLUSIONS: During enucleation surgery, surgeons may use a spherical implant rather than modify the anterior face in patients with preexisting strabismus, with severe trauma to the extraocular muscles, or with risk of implant deviation. Additionally, secondary procedures may alter implant position. Occasionally, patients without obvious preoperative risk factors may have deviation of the modified face of the implant. Flattening the implant creates an asymmetric surface that may lead to a deviated orbital implant. C1 DUKE UNIV,CTR EYE,OCUPLAST SERV,DURHAM,NC 27706. RP Holck, DEE (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,PSSE,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,2200 BERGQUIST DR,STE 1,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78236, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPHTHALMIC PUBL CO PI CHICAGO PA 77 WEST WACKER DR, STE 660, CHICAGO, IL 60601 SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 124 IS 1 BP 123 EP 125 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA XJ663 UT WOS:A1997XJ66300029 PM 9222253 ER PT J AU May, DA Snearly, WN Bents, R Jones, R AF May, DA Snearly, WN Bents, R Jones, R TI MR imaging findings in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Evaluation of notchplasty SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERCONDYLAR NOTCH; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GRAFT IMPINGEMENT; ROOF IMPINGEMENT; STENOSIS AB OBJECTIVE. Notchplasty, resection of bone from the roof and lateral side of the intercondylar notch, is frequently performed during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction to avoid abrasion or deflection of the ACL graft by the femur (graft impingement). Graft impingement can develop months after the initial reconstruction despite adequate notchplasty. Such impingement has recently been attributed to fibrocartilage overgrowth of the notchplasty site. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the MR appearance of the notchplasty site immediately after surgery and 6 months later and to investigate whether cartilage overgrowth of the notchplasty site can be detected with MR imaging. SUBJECTS AND METHODS, Thirty-three patients who underwent bone-tendon-bone autograft ACL reconstruction had MR scans of the intercondylar notch 6 months after surgery. Twenty-five of these patients also had MR scans in the immediate postoperative period. The appearance of the notchplasty site and evidence for cartilage overgrowth of the notchplasty site were evaluated. Arthroscopic correlation was available for six patients. RESULTS. On MR images, the margins of the notchplasty site were identified in all patients. Contour of the notchplasty site along the lateral notch wall was frequently concave toward the notch, a finding not commonly seen in an unoperated notch. Six months later, the shape of the notchplasty site had not changed, but evidence for recortication of the notchplasty site (seen as a layer of signal void 0.5-1.5 mm in thickness over the previously exposed cancellous bone) was seen in 94% of the patients. Additionally, a second layer of signal void, 1-5 mm in thickness with signal intensity identical to that of hyaline cartilage, was seen overlying the notchplasty site in 64% of patients. Arthroscopic correlation available in six patients suggested that this second layer represented fibrocartilage overgrowth of the notchplasty site. CONCLUSION. Characteristic changes of the intercondylar notch after notchplasty can be seen on MR images. This preliminary study also suggests that a thin layer of cortical bone forms over the notchplasty site in most patients within 6 months of surgery. Perhaps more significantly, overgrowth of the notchplasty site by fibrocartilage may also be detected in some patients. Further experience is needed to determine whether MR imaging is a useful method for identifying cartilage overgrowth after notchplasty. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ORTHOPAED SURG,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. RP May, DA (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,2200 BERGQUIST DR,STE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 169 IS 1 BP 217 EP 222 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XG216 UT WOS:A1997XG21600041 PM 9207528 ER PT J AU Johnson, RO Perram, GP Roh, WB AF Johnson, RO Perram, GP Roh, WB TI Dynamics of a Br(4(2)P(1/2)->4(2)P(3/2)) pulsed laser and a Br(P-2(1/2))-NO(nu=2->nu=1) transfer laser driven by photolysis of iodine monobromide SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED FLUORESCENCE; DEACTIVATION; HCN; NO; BR(42P1/2); CO2; IBR AB An atomic bromine laser operating on the 4(2)P(1/2) - 4(2)P(3/2) transition at lambda = 2.71 mu m and pumped by photolysis of IBr with a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser has been demonstrated. The dynamics and performance of this device were characterized by observing the temporal dependence of the stimulated emission for various laser photolysis energies (20-125 mJ/pulse) and IBr pressures (0.7-6.7 torr). The gain is directly proportional to the number of absorbed photolysis photons, with a value of 0.9 %/cm over 41 cm at an IBr pressure of Storr. The inversion is quenched rather slowly, with a pulse duration of greater than 2 mu s, after short-pulse (10 ns) excitation. The laser energy is maximized at 2.5 torr of iodine monobromide in a photolysis cell of 90 cm. A numerical solution to the rate equations for the laser pulse shapes provides a threshold inversion of Delta(th) = 2.9 x 10(13) atoms/cm(3). The energy efficiency of this device is limited principally by the low quantum efficiency, poorly matched pump and cavity mode volumes, and the photolysis yield of a single isotope hyperfine component of Br(P-2(1/2)) A nitric oxide, NO(upsilon = 2 --> upsilon = 1), laser at lambda = 5.4 mu m pumped by electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer from the photolytically produced Br(P-2(1/2)) has also been demonstrated. The output energy and gain of this NO laser is adversely affected by rapid V-V relaxation. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ENGN PHYS,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 65 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s003400050241 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA XK892 UT WOS:A1997XK89200002 ER PT J AU Denney, JJ Mall, S AF Denney, JJ Mall, S TI Characterization of disbond effects on fatigue crack growth behavior in aluminum plate with bonded composite patch SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE crack patching; aircraft repair; adhesive bonding; aging aircraft; bonded repair; disbonds; delaminations ID REPAIR AB The fatigue response of pre-cracked 2024-T3 Alclad aluminum panels repaired with bonded boron/epoxy composite reinforcements was investigated. A completely bonded reinforcement and four partially bonded reinforcement configurations were tested. The effects of various disbond locations and sizes were studied and compared to each other as well as to panels with a completely bonded reinforcement and to cracked panels without any reinforcement. The results demonstrated that there is a definite variation in fatigue life depending on the location and size of the disbonds. However, crack growth characteristics also revealed that partially bonded composite repairs are fairly damage tolerant of the pre-existing disbonds in the bondline of the repair. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FLIGHT DYNAM DIRECTORATE,AERONAUT SYST CTR,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 12 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 57 IS 5 BP 507 EP & DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(97)00050-7 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA XT908 UT WOS:A1997XT90800004 ER PT J AU Lenets, YN AF Lenets, YN TI Compression fatigue crack growth behavior of metallic alloys: Effect of environment SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE compression fatigue; environment; anodic dissolution; crack tip blunting ID FIELD CYCLIC COMPRESSION; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; INITIATION; TIP AB Many structures are subjected to cyclic compressive loading and corrosive atmosphere. However, research on environmentally-assisted compression fatigue of metallic materials has not yet been undertaken. In the present paper, the behavior of fatigue cracks under compressive cycling in laboratory air, mineral oil and 3.5% NaCl was studied on circumferentially notched cylindrical specimens of an Al-alloy and Cr-Ni stainless steel. Fatigue tests were supplemented by fractographic observations. In oil and air, the non-catastrophic character of the compression fatigue crack growth process was confirmed for both materials. The saturation depth of the crack was found to depend on the material as well as on the nominal stresses, but was insensitive to the load frequency in a range of 2-110 Hz. In the case of the aluminum alloy tested at low load frequency in 3.5% NaCl, continuous growth of fatigue crack was observed. The role of hydrogen embrittlement and anodic dissolution in promoting fatigue damage under compressive cycling is discussed and the mechanism rationalizing observed behavior is proposed. The detrimental influence of corrosive environment is attributed to the crack tip blunting via anodic dissolution and concomitant development of the tensile residual stresses ahead of the crack growing under compressive cycling. If operative in service, the above mechanism may cause a catastrophic failure even under fully compressive cyclic loading. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Lenets, YN (reprint author), USAF,MAT LAB,SYST CORP,WL,MLLN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 57 IS 5 BP 527 EP & DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(97)00048-9 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA XT908 UT WOS:A1997XT90800005 ER PT J AU Dean, JS AF Dean, JS TI Artificial intelligence in test SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses the subject of applying artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to automatic test. It has been the experience of the author that AI is not a ''magic bullet,'' and that its successful use requires an understanding of both the technology and the repair process to which it is being applied. RP Dean, JS (reprint author), ADV DIAGNOST & TECHNOL INSERT CTR,SA ALC,LDAE,KELLY AFB,TX 78241, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 12 IS 7 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.1109/62.596649 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XH521 UT WOS:A1997XH52100006 ER PT J AU Morris, MG Dillon, A AF Morris, MG Dillon, A TI How user perceptions influence software use SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; PERCEIVED USEFULNESS; ACCEPTANCE; MODELS; USAGE; EASE AB Traditionally, human-computer interaction researchers have focused on a system's usability. The authors applied an MIS-proven technology acceptance model that accounts for system usefulness as well. They discovered that this factor has a strong bearing on user acceptance. C1 INDIANA UNIV, SCH LIB & INFORMAT SCI, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47405 USA. INDIANA UNIV, INST STUDY HUMAN CAPABIL, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47405 USA. RP USAF, INST TECHNOL, AFIT LAS, 2950 P ST, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 EI 1937-4194 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 14 IS 4 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1109/52.595956 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA XJ292 UT WOS:A1997XJ29200017 ER PT J AU Griffin, GC Maybeck, PS AF Griffin, GC Maybeck, PS TI MMAE/MMAC control for bending with multiple uncertain parameters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID FLEXIBLE SPACE STRUCTURES; ALGORITHMS AB A moving-bank multiple model estimator/controller (MMAE/MMAC) based on linear system, quadratic cost, and Gaussian noise (LQG) assumptions is used to quell unwanted vibrations in a simulated large flexible space structure, The structure, known as the Space Integrated Controls Experiment (SPICE), exists at Phillips Laboratory, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. The structure consists of a large platform and a smaller platform connected by a tripod of flexible legs, The purpose of the control system is to maintain a very precise line-of-sight (LOS) vector through the center of the spacecraft. Kalman filtering, used to estimate the position and velocity of the bending modes of the structure, and LQG control techniques are the primary design tools used in the MMAE/MMAC algorithms. Implementing a parallel bank of filters increases robustness when uncertainties exist in the system model, here specifically allowing adaptation to uncertain and changing undamped natural frequencies of the bending modes of the structure. A moving-bank algorithm is utilized to reduce the computational loading, The MMAE/MMAC design provides a well-suited method of estimating variations in the vector of undamped natural frequencies and quelling vibrations in the structure. The MMAE/MMAC was able to track numerous parameter changes and jumps while providing adequate control for the structure. RP Griffin, GC (reprint author), USAF, INST TECHNOL, DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN, 950 PST, BLDG 640, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 33 IS 3 BP 903 EP 912 DI 10.1109/7.599265 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA XH348 UT WOS:A1997XH34800014 ER PT J AU Wilson, TA Rogers, SK Kabrisky, M AF Wilson, TA Rogers, SK Kabrisky, M TI Perceptual-based image fusion for hyperspectral data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTRAST AB Three hierarchical multiresolution image fusion techniques are implemented and tested using image data from the Airborne Visual/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) hyperspectral sensor, The methods presented focus on combining multiple images from the AVIRIS sensor into a smaller subset of images while maintaining the visual information necessary for human analysis, Two of the techniques are published algorithms that were originally designed to combine images from multiple sensors, but are shown to work well on multiple images from the same sensor, The third method presented H as developed specifically to fuse hyperspectral images for visual analysis, This new method uses the spatial frequency response (contrast sensitivity) of the human visual system to determine which features in the input images need to be preserved in the composite image(s) thus ensuring the composite image maintains the visually relevant features from each input image, The image fusion algorithms are analyzed using test images with known image characteristics and image data from the AVIRIS hyperspectral sensor, After analyzing the signal-to-noise ratios and visual aesthetics of the fused images, contrast sensitivity based fusion is shown to provide excellent fusion results and, in every case, outperformed the other two methods. RP Wilson, TA (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 22 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1007 EP 1017 DI 10.1109/36.602543 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA XL049 UT WOS:A1997XL04900023 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR AF Jauchem, JR TI Exposure to extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields and radiofrequency radiation: Cardiovascular effects in humans SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE electromagnetics; electromagnetic fields; microwaves; heart rate; blood pressure ID STATIONARY MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BLOOD-PRESSURE CHANGES; LETHAL HEAT-STRESS; H-ORIENTATION; THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MICROWAVE-RADIATION; CATHETER ABLATION; ST-PETERSBURG AB Cardiovascular changes in humans exposed to nonionizing radiation [including extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs) and radiofrequency radiation (RFR)] are reviewed. Both acute and long-term effects have been investigated. In general, if heating does not occur during exposure, current flow appears to be necessary for major cardiovascular effects to ensue, such as those due to electric shock. Whereas most studies have revealed no acute effect of static or time-varying ELF EMFs on the blood pressure, heart rate, or electrocardiogram waveform, others have reported subtle effects on the heart rate. The possible health consequences of these results are unknown. Regarding long-term effects of ELF EMFs, reports from the former Soviet Union in the early 1960s indicated arrhythmias and tachycardia in high-voltage-switchyard workers. Subsequent studies in Western countries, however, did not confirm these findings. These studies are limited by uncertainties regarding exposure durations and appropriate control groups. Investigations of acute cardiovascular changes in humans purposely exposed to RFR have been limited to studies of magnetic resonance imaging (which, in addition to RFR, involves static and time-varying magnetic fields). It has been concluded that such exposures, as presently performed, are not likely to cause adverse cardiovascular effects. Reports of hypertension in workers potentially exposed to high levels of RFR during accidents are considered to be incidental (due to anxiety and posttraumatic stress). Soviet investigators have also indicated that long-term RFR exposure may result in hypotension and bradycardia or tachycardia. Other researchers, however, have been incapable of replicating these results, and some scientists have attributed the effects to chance variations and mishandling of data. In summary, studies have not yielded any obvious cardiovascular-related hazards of acute or long-term exposures to ELF EMFs or RFR at levels below current exposure standards. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, ARMSTRONG LAB, RADIOFREQUENCY RADIAT DIV, 8308 HAWKS RD, BROOKS AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 157 TC 31 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PD JUL PY 1997 VL 70 IS 1 BP 9 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s004200050181 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XH827 UT WOS:A1997XH82700002 PM 9258703 ER PT J AU Won, AYJ Pires, JA Haroun, MA AF Won, AYJ Pires, JA Haroun, MA TI Performance assessment of tuned liquid column dampers under random seismic loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Stochastic Structural Dynamics Conference CY JAN 15-18, 1995 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE earthquake ground motions; liquid column dampers; random vibrations; seismic loads; structural dynamics; tuned dampers AB The performance of tuned liquid column dampers (TLCDs) for the passive control of flexible structures under random seismic loading is investigated using random vibration analysis. A non-stationary stochastic process with frequency and amplitude modulation is used to represent the earthquake strong motion, and an equivalent linearization technique is used to account for the non-linear damping force in the TLCD. The TLCD performance is evaluated on the basis of the structural response statistics, namely, the expected maximum and root-mean-square displacements, and root-mean-square absolute accelerations and interstory shears. Illustrative examples are presented using SDOF and MDOF shear-beam structural models, and two stochastic input ground motions representing short-duration and long-duration ground motions with low frequency content. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of the mass ratio, coefficient of head loss for the damper, and loading intensity on the TLCD performance. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92717. RP Won, AYJ (reprint author), USAF ACAD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLINEAR MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 745 EP 758 DI 10.1016/S0020-7462(96)00118-7 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA WU983 UT WOS:A1997WU98300010 ER PT J AU Das, RK Keleti, D Zhu, YM Kirov, AS Meigooni, AS Williamson, JF AF Das, RK Keleti, D Zhu, YM Kirov, AS Meigooni, AS Williamson, JF TI Validation of Monte Carlo dose calculations near I-125 sources in the presence of bounded heterogeneities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE tissue heterogeneity; TLD dosimetry; Monte Carlo ID BRACHYTHERAPY SOURCES; DOSIMETRY; KERMA; POINT; I125 AB Purpose: Dose distributions around low energy (< 60 keV) brachytherapy sources, such as I-125, are known to be very sensitive to changes in tissue composition, Available I-125 dosimetry data describe the effects of replacing the entire water medium by heterogeneous material, This work extends our knowledge of tissue heterogeneity effects to the domain of bounded tissue heterogeneities, simulating clinical situations, Our goals are three-fold: (a) to experimentally characterize the variation of dose rate as a function of location and dimensions of the heterogeneity, (b) to confirm the accuracy of Monte Carlo dose calculation methods in the presence of bounded tissue heterogeneities, and (c) to use the Monte Carlo, method to characterize the dependence of heterogeneity correction factors (HCF) on the irradiation geometry. Methods and Materials: Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) were used to measure the deviations from the homogeneous dose distribution of an I-125 Seed due to cylindrical tissue heterogeneities. A solid water phantom was machined accurately to accommodate the long axis of the heterogeneous cylinder in the transverse plane of a I-125 source, Profiles were obtained perpendicular to and along the cylinder axis, in the region downstream of the heterogeneity, Measurements were repeated at the corresponding points in homogeneous solid water, The measured heterogeneity correction factor (HCF) was defined as the ratio of the detector reading in the heterogeneous medium to that in the homogeneous medium at that point, The same ratio was simulated by a Monte Carlo photon transport (MCPT) code, using accurate modeling of the source, phantom, and detector geometry, In addition, Monte Carlo-based parametric studies were performed to identify the dependence of HCF on heterogeneity dimensions and distance from the source. Results: Measured and calculated HCFs reveal excellent agreement (less than or equal to 5% average) over a wide range of materials and geometries, HCFs downstream of 20 mm diameter by 10 mm thick hard bone cylinders vary from 0.12 to 0.30 with respect to distance, while for an inner bone cylinder of the same dimension, it varies from 0.72 to 0.83, For 6 mm diameter by 10 mm thick hard bone and inner bone cylinders, HCF varies 0.27-0.58 and 0.77-0.88, respectively, For lucite, fat, and air, the dependence of HCF on the 3D irradiation geometry was much less pronounced. Conclusion: Monte Carlo simulation is a powerful, convenient, and accurate tool for investigating the long neglected area of tissue composition heterogeneity corrections, Simple one dimensional dose calculation models that depend only on the heterogeneity thickness cannot accurately characterize I-125 dose distributions in the presence of bone-like heterogeneities. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,EDWARD MALLINCKRODT INST RADIOL,RADIAT ONCOL CTR,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,GAINESVILLE,FL. USAF,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. STEREOTAXIS INC,ST LOUIS,MO. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT RADIAT MED,LEXINGTON,KY. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01-CA46640] NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 843 EP 853 PG 11 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XM436 UT WOS:A1997XM43600023 PM 9240654 ER PT J AU Tischler, VA Venkayya, VB Bharatram, G AF Tischler, VA Venkayya, VB Bharatram, G TI Design optimization of airframe structures SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB A wing design optimization study is conducted to determine the effect of the configuration variable, sweep, on the minimum weight with strength and flutter constraints. In addition to sweep, the thicknesses of the plates are considered as variables in the optimization. The wing is subjected to two maneuver loads, a 6-g symmetric pull up and an antisymmetric roll condition combined with a l-g steady flight. The multidisciplinary optimization systems, ASTROS, was used in the design study. The same system was used in calculating the static airloads. The study is divided into three categories. In category I the wing is optimized for the static loads with stress and size constraints. The optimum designs are then subject to a flutter analysis in category II. In category In the wing is optimized for the same loading conditions, but in addition to stress and size constraints a flutter constraint is imposed. The optimal designs are found to be relatively insensitive to wing sweep. C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DAYTON,OH 45435. RP Tischler, VA (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 10 IS 3 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(1997)10:3(111) PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA XG171 UT WOS:A1997XG17100001 ER PT J AU Gordnier, RE AF Gordnier, RE TI Numerical simulation of a 65-degree delta-wing flowfield SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 09-12, 1995 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID VORTEX BREAKDOWN; ONSET; FLOW AB Computations of the now over a 65-deg delta wing at an angle of attack of 30 deg, and roll angles of 0 and -4 deg are presented. The unsteady, three-dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a Beam-Warming implicit algorithm, The use of both block tridiagonal and diagonal inversion schemes with subiterations has been investigated, The effects of time-step size and grid resolution are also discussed, Computational results are compared with high-resolution particle image velocimetry measurements, Analysis of the structure of the vortex breakdown for the -4-deg roll case shows predominantly spiral-type breakdown occurring, Bubble-type breakdown is observed for short periods during transient upstream movements of the breakdown location, A distinguishing characteristic of the bubble breakdown is the existence of a three-dimensional stagnation point at the head of the breakdown region. The existence of this stagnation point provides the distinctive change in appearance between bubble and spiral breakdown. RP Gordnier, RE (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AEROMECH DIV,WL FIMC BLDG 450,2645 5TH ST,SUITE 7,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 34 IS 4 BP 492 EP 499 DI 10.2514/2.2218 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XM726 UT WOS:A1997XM72600006 ER PT J AU Andersen, G Forster, E Kolonay, R Eastep, F AF Andersen, G Forster, E Kolonay, R Eastep, F TI Multiple control surface utilization in active aeroelastic wing technology SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 37th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 15-17, 1996 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB This study investigates the use of multiple control surfaces to effect roll trim of aircraft, Analytic models of a rectangular wing and a fighter aircraft are used as examples for steady aeroelastic and antisymmetric trim analyses, The finite element method is used to calculate structural deformations caused by steady aerodynamic input forces, which are generated by a linear panel method, Values of control surface effectiveness, calculated from the flexible rolling moment stability derivatives, are used to determine which control surfaces are most effective in achieving a desired roll maneuver, The roll trim equation of motion is solved for multiple control surface deflections using an iterative technique that minimizes the control effort to achieve a specified roll rate, Roll trim utilizing multiple control surfaces, including leading-edge surfaces, is examined over a range of dynamic pressures, Aircraft models with reduced wing stiffness are investigated to determine if roll performance requirements can be achieved through the use of multiple control surfaces, The results of utilizing multiple control surfaces on flexible wings are examined to determine if weight savings can be achieved white maintaining a desired level of roll performance. C1 UNIV DAYTON,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FLUID DYNAM DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 34 IS 4 BP 552 EP 557 DI 10.2514/2.2208 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XM726 UT WOS:A1997XM72600014 ER PT J AU Ongstad, AP Dente, GC Tilton, ML AF Ongstad, AP Dente, GC Tilton, ML TI Carrier heating and the power independent linewidth in semiconductor lasers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID (GAAL)AS DIODE-LASERS; GAAS AB We present linewidth measurements on AlGaAs double heterostructure lasers as a function of temperature and power. The data, which plot observed linewidth as a function of reciprocal power, reveal decreasing slopes and increasing vertical axis intercepts, or power independent linewidths, with falling temperature, consistent with previous experimental observation [D. Welford and A. Mooradian, Appl. Phys. Lett. 40, 560 (1982)]. To explain the power independent linewidth broadening observed in these continuous wave single frequency lasers, we propose that carrier heating processes create a thermal nonequilibrium between electrons and the semiconductor lattice, and that this leads to a power dependent linewidth enhancement factor. From a carrier thermal model we find that the power independent linewidth is mediated by the longitudinal optical (LO)-phonon lifetime (tau(LO)); as tau(LO) is increased (for example, by decreasing the lattice temperature), the nonequilibrium condition is enhanced, and, consequently, the power independent linewidth increases. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 BOEING N AMER, ROCKETDYNE TECH SERV, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. GCD ASSOCIATES, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87110 USA. RP USAF, PHILLIPS LAB, 3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE, KIRTLAND AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 1 BP 84 EP 88 DI 10.1063/1.365852 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XG880 UT WOS:A1997XG88000009 ER PT J AU Ruden, EL Bell, DE AF Ruden, EL Bell, DE TI Rayleigh-Taylor stability criteria for elastic-plastic solid plates and shells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC IMPLOSION; ACCELERATION INSTABILITY; MODEL AB The Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability theory is usually applied to the acceleration of one fluid by a lower density one, but also becomes applicable to a solid accelerated by a fluid at very high pressure. Approximate analytic R-T stability criteria are derived for both finite and infinitesimal perturbations of the driven surface of an incompressible solid plate of a given thickness, shear modulus, and von Mises yield stress uniformly accelerated by a massless fluid. The Prandtl-Reuss equations of elastic-plastic how are assumed for the solid. A single degree of freedom, amplitude q, is assumed for the spatial dependence of the perturbation, which is approximated to be that of the semi-infinite half-plane ideal fluid linear R-T eigenfunction. The temporal dependence of q, however, is determined self-consistently from global energy balance, following a previously published model. The (significant) effect of the unperturbed solid's stress tensor is included and related to the converging/diverging geometries of imploding/exploding cylindrical and spherical solid shells for which the model may be applied locally. Correlations with Phillips Laboratory's quasi-spherical electromagnetic implosions of solid shells are presented. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Ruden, EL (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,WSQP,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 1 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1063/1.365795 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XG880 UT WOS:A1997XG88000020 ER PT J AU Kim, W Botchkarev, AE Salvador, A Popovici, G Tang, H Morkoc, H AF Kim, W Botchkarev, AE Salvador, A Popovici, G Tang, H Morkoc, H TI On the incorporation of Mg and the role of oxygen, silicon, and hydrogen in GaN prepared by reactive molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; COMPENSATION; FILMS AB Mg-doped GaN samples prepared by reactive molecular beam epitaxy have been investigated in an attempt to gain insight into the impurity incorporation and the origin of auto doping in otherwise undoped GaN films. The Hall and secondary ion mass spectroscopy data were utilized for the analysis of possible background impurities such as Si, O, and H in an effort to ascertain whether the background electron concentration is of impurity origin or native defect origin. The data appear to support the N vacancy as a possible cause of auto-n-type doping seen in undoped GaN. The effect of the ammonia flow rate on the incorporation of Mg atoms in GaN films and on the behavior of H were studied for layers grown on c-plane sapphire as well as 6H-SiC. Increased incorporation of Mg with larger ammonia flow rates is attributed to Ga vacancies and accompanying site selection. Moreover, p-GaN films grown under high ammonia flux are reported with a hole concentration, mobility, and resistivity of about 8 x 10(17) cm(-3), 26 cm(2)/Vs, and 0.3 Omega cm, respectively. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, COORDINATED SCI LAB, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. WRIGHT LAB, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP UNIV ILLINOIS, MAT RES LAB, 104 S GOODWIN AVE, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 36 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 1 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1063/1.365801 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XG880 UT WOS:A1997XG88000028 ER PT J AU Ishaug, SL Crane, GM Miller, MJ Yasko, AW Yaszemski, MJ Mikos, AG AF Ishaug, SL Crane, GM Miller, MJ Yasko, AW Yaszemski, MJ Mikos, AG TI Bone formation by three-dimensional stromal osteoblast culture in biodegradable polymer scaffolds SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLY(L-LACTIC ACID); MARROW; CELLS; INVITRO; GROWTH; DIFFERENTIATION; CARTILAGE; FOAMS AB Bone formation was investigated in vitro by culturing stromal osteoblasts in three-dimensional (3-D), biodegradable poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) foams. Three polymer foam pore sizes, ranging from 150-300, 300-500, and 500-710 mu m, and two different cell seeding densities, 6.83 x 10(5) cells/cm(2) and 22.1 x 10(5) cells/cm(2), were examined over a 56-day culture period. The polymer foams supported the proliferation of seeded osteoblasts as well as their differentiated function, as demonstrated by high alkaline phosphatase activity and deposition of a mineralized matrix by the cells. Cell number, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineral deposition increased significantly over time for all the polymer foams. Osteoblast foam constructs created by seeding 6.83 x 10(5) cells/cm(2) on foams with 300-500 mu m pores resulted in a cell density of 4.63 x 10(5) cells/cm(2) after 1 day in culture; they had alkaline phosphatase activities of 4.28 x 10(-7) and 2.91 x 10(-6) mu mol/cell/min on Days 7 and 28, respectively; and they had a cell density that increased to 18.7 x 10(5) cells/cm(2) by Day 56. For the same constructs, the mineralized matrix reached a maximum penetration depth of 240 mu m from the top surface of the foam and a value of 0.083 mm for mineralized tissue volume per unit of cross sectional area. Seeding density was an important parameter for the constructs, but pore size over the range tested did not affect cell proliferation or function. This study suggests the feasibility of using poly(a-hydroxy ester) foams as scaffolding materials for the transplantation of autogenous osteoblasts to regenerate bone tissue. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 RICE UNIV, INST BIOSCI & BIOENGN, COX LAB BIOMED ENGN, HOUSTON, TX 77251 USA. UNIV TEXAS, MD ANDERSON CANCER CTR, DEPT ORTHOPAED SURG, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR, DEPT ORTHOPAED SURG, LACKLAND AFB, TX 78236 USA. UNIV TEXAS, MD ANDERSON CANC CTR, DEPT PLAST & RECONSTRUCT SURG, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. OI Crane, Genevieve/0000-0001-9274-0214 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R29-AR42639] NR 31 TC 611 Z9 645 U1 7 U2 63 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA XG354 UT WOS:A1997XG35400003 PM 9212385 ER PT J AU Hong, YG Riegler, JL AF Hong, YG Riegler, JL TI Is melatonin associated with the development of autoimmune hepatitis? SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE melatonin; autoimmune-related toxicity ID ELDERLY PEOPLE; SLEEP; AUTOANTIBODIES; RELEASE AB Melatonin is a neurohormone produced by the human pineal gland that plays a role in the regulation of many physiologic processes and has been proposed as a therapy for everything from insomnia to metastatic carcinoma. Melatonin is available in the United States without prescription. and adverse effects appear to be uncommon. However, because melatonin appears to have immunomodulatory properties, the potential exists for the development of autoimmune-related side effects. We describe a patient in whom characteristic clinical and laboratory features of autoimmune hepatitis developed after beginning melatonin therapy for the treatment of insomnia, Liver biopsy demonstrated histologic features of autoimmune hepatitis. Rapid symptomatic and biochemical improvement resulted from the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy; however, hepatitis recurred after the withdrawal of steroid therapy. The temporal relation observed between melatonin use and the development of autoimmune hepatitis raises the possibility that the drug might be involved in the pathogenesis of this patient's autoimmune disease. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT GASTROENTEROL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 376 EP 378 DI 10.1097/00004836-199707000-00020 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA YJ049 UT WOS:A1997YJ04900020 PM 9412927 ER PT J AU Jogai, B Stutz, CE AF Jogai, B Stutz, CE TI Effect of parasitics on electrochemical capacitance-voltage profiling of pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor structures SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE C-V profile; molecular beam epitaxy (MBE); modeling; pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (p-HEMT) AB The effect of parasitic series resistances on electrochemical capacitance-voltage (EC-V) profiling is simulated numerically for AlxGa1-xAs/InyGa1-yAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (p-HEMT) structures. The actual EC-V measurement is simulated numerically by reconstructing the charge distribution from an intrinsic distribution calculated from a self-consistent k.p model. The calculated charge distribution then forms the basis for examining the possible profiles an EC-V measurement would produce when parasitics are taken into account. From a simple lumped-circuit model, it is shown that parasitic resistances distort the shape of the charge distribution by changing the relative heights of the delta-layer and channel charges. Hysteresis effects may also occur and may be accompanied by a change in material type from n to p even though the material is known to be n-type over the entire range of measurement. Additionally, an undesirable dependence of the charge profile on the probe signal frequency is found. C1 WRIGHT LAB,AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Jogai, B (reprint author), WRIGHT STATE UNIV,RES CTR,DAYTON,OH 45435, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 26 IS 7 BP 863 EP 867 DI 10.1007/s11664-997-0264-8 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA XK673 UT WOS:A1997XK67300015 ER PT J AU Graham, GM Jenkins, JE AF Graham, GM Jenkins, JE TI Aeroelasticity of an airfoil test rig SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB This paper describes an aeroelastic model for an airfoil test rig which is based on the mode superposition method for structural systems and linear airfoil theory for describing the unsteady airfoil loading. The model is applied to the case of an airfoil undergoing rapid, small amplitude step-like maneuvers. The motivation for these tests was an interest in measuring airfoil indicial responses, which are defined as the loading response to a step input in angle of attack. Due to the rapid starting and stopping of the airfoil rig, the structure may experience significant aeroelastic deformations. These may arise from inertial as well as aerodynamic effects. The present model may be of general interest as a means for quantifying and correcting aeroelastic effects In tow tank and wind tunnel test facilities. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Graham, GM (reprint author), OHIO UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,ATHENS,OH 45701, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 11 IS 5 BP 485 EP 506 DI 10.1006/jfls.1997.0094 PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA XX203 UT WOS:A1997XX20300003 ER PT J AU Jones, VD Bretschneider, S Gorr, WL AF Jones, VD Bretschneider, S Gorr, WL TI Organizational pressures on forecast evaluation: Managerial, political, and procedural influences SO JOURNAL OF FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE institutional, organizational, managerial, political, and procedural pressures and influences on forecasting; implementation of forecasts; users of forecasts ID REVENUE FORECASTS; STATE; BIAS AB This paper proposes a theory to explain why some forecasting organizations institutionalize forecast accuracy evaluation while others do not. The theory considers internal and external aspects of managerial, political, and procedural factors as they affect forecasting organizations. The theory is then tested using data from a survey of the US Federal Forecasters Group. Though some support for the theory is developed, multiple alternative explanations for results and the 'public' nature of the sample organizations prevent wide-scale generalization. The results suggest that larger organizations are more likely to have some form of forecast evaluation than smaller units. The institutionalization of forecast accuracy evaluation is closely linked to internal managerial and procedural factors, while external political pressure tends to reduce the likelihood of institutionalization of evaluation of forecast accuracy. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 SYRACUSE UNIV,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. RP Jones, VD (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT POLIT SCI,US AF ACAD,CO 80840, USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6693 J9 J FORECASTING JI J. Forecast. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 16 IS 4 BP 241 EP 254 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-131X(199707)16:4<241::AID-FOR658>3.0.CO;2-P PG 14 WC Economics; Management SC Business & Economics GA XP084 UT WOS:A1997XP08400003 ER PT J AU Miller, RB Pachter, M AF Miller, RB Pachter, M TI Maneuvering flight control with actuator constraints SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR-SYSTEMS; SATURATION; STATE AB Tracking control is addressed. A receding horizon control framework is considered and a novel, optimization-based, linear tracking control strategy, Linear quadratic tracking (LQT), is devised. LQT is used to obtain a closed-form solution to optimization-based tracking of a dynamic reference signal r(t), in the face of both rate and amplitude actuator constraints. Actuator dynamics are considered. Also, there is no inherent requirement for stability of the open-loop plant. At the same time, full state feedback is assumed. The detrimental effects of the actuator constraints are mitigated by giving the control system a nonlinearly modified, feasible reference signal r'(t), as required to prevent downstream actuator saturations from occurring. Thus, the controller generated signal never infringes on the saturation bounds, and saturation caused windup is avoided. The analytic solution to the linear, unconstrained, tracking problem meets the small signal performance specifications and is stable. The proposed piecewise linear closed form solution to the constrained tracking problem yields satisfactory responses to large inputs and at the same time requires modest an-line computation, and hence, it is implementable in real time. RP Miller, RB (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 729 EP 734 DI 10.2514/2.4104 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA XJ436 UT WOS:A1997XJ43600014 ER PT J AU Brown, RB AF Brown, RB TI Improved pilot model for space shuttle rendezvous SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit CY JUL 29-31, 1996 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AIAA RP Brown, RB (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT ASTRONAUT,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 833 EP 836 DI 10.2514/2.4124 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA XJ436 UT WOS:A1997XJ43600032 ER PT J AU Thorne, JD Hall, CD AF Thorne, JD Hall, CD TI Minimum-time continuous-thrust orbit transfers using the Kustaanheimo-Stiefel transformation SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH ENGN,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 836 EP 838 DI 10.2514/2.4125 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA XJ436 UT WOS:A1997XJ43600033 ER PT J AU Lee, C Maull, E Chapman, N Tracy, S Gauntt, C AF Lee, C Maull, E Chapman, N Tracy, S Gauntt, C TI Genomic regions of coxsackievirus B3 associated with cardiovirulence SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE coxsackieviruses group B; recombinant viruses; chimeric viruses; mice; myocarditis ID INFECTIOUS CDNA COPY; 5' NONCODING REGION; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; POLIOVIRUS VACCINE; TYPE-2 POLIOVIRUS; GENETIC-BASIS; ATTENUATION; VIRUS; MICE; RNA AB The molecular basis for cardiovirulence in the coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) genome was examined in a murine model of acute myocarditis. Infectious cDNAs representing a highly cardiovirulent coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3(m)) and a noncardiovirulent (CVB3(o)) virus were used to construct infectious chimeric cDNAs. Assays of the resulting recombinant viruses for cardiovirulence in adolescent male CD-1 mice showed that the 5' nontranslated region (5' NTR) of the CVB3(m) genome plays the major role in determining cardiovirulence and that the genomic region encoding the capsid proteins has a minor additive effect in increasing cardiovirulence. Nucleotide sequences in the 5' NTR of CVB3(m) and CVB3(o) differ at 23 positions; 14 are located in four stem-loop motifs of the secondary structure and may influence the cardiovirulent phenotype by regulating RNA or protein synthesis. A comparison of predicted amino acid sequences of capsid proteins in CVB3(m) and CVB3(o) identified two amino acids as potential candidate contributors to cardiovirulence, i.e., amino acids at positions A207 (Asn-Asp) in the puff structure of the E-F loop of VP2 and A566 (Gln-Glu) in the C terminal of VP3 at the external surface. The data from this study and published literature support the conclusion that cardiovirulence of a CVB3 can depend on several regions of the genome. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT MICROBIOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. ARMSTRONG LAB,OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,OMAHA,NE. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL45979, HL40303] NR 45 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 52 IS 3 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199707)52:3<341::AID-JMV18>3.0.CO;2-L PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA XG228 UT WOS:A1997XG22800018 PM 9210047 ER PT J AU Smith, LB Bhattacharya, A Lemasters, G Succop, P Puhala, E Medvedovic, M Joyce, J AF Smith, LB Bhattacharya, A Lemasters, G Succop, P Puhala, E Medvedovic, M Joyce, J TI Effect of chronic low-level exposure to jet fuel on postural balance of US Air Force personnel SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SOLVENTS; WORKERS; SYSTEM; SWAY AB This study used the postural stability technique to investigate the neurological effects of cumulative low-level exposure to raw JP-8 jet fuel vapor on aircraft maintenance personnel, All subjects performed two sets of four 30-second postural sway tests. The results of mean cumulative exposure levels (in parts per million +/- standard error of mean) were the following: naphthas, 1308 +/- 292; benzene, 21.2 +/- 5.7; toluene, 23.8 +/- 6.1; and m-,o-, p-xylene, 22.7 +/- 5.4. Covariate adjusted regression analysis of the exposed group data showed a statistically significant association (P < 0.05) between the solvents (benzene, toluene, and xylene) and increased postural sway response, For all solvent exposures, the ''eyes closed, on foam'' test provided the strongest association between sway length and JP-8 benzene (r(2) range, 0.45 to 0.52), implying subtle influence on vestibular/proprioception functionalities. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX. USAF,MED CTR,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 34 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 39 IS 7 BP 623 EP 632 DI 10.1097/00043764-199707000-00007 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XM949 UT WOS:A1997XM94900007 PM 9253723 ER PT J AU Kinsella, JP Truog, WE Walsh, WF Goldberg, RN Bancalari, E Mayock, DE Redding, GJ deLemos, RA Sardesai, S McCurnin, DC Moreland, SG Cutter, GR Abman, SH AF Kinsella, JP Truog, WE Walsh, WF Goldberg, RN Bancalari, E Mayock, DE Redding, GJ deLemos, RA Sardesai, S McCurnin, DC Moreland, SG Cutter, GR Abman, SH TI Randomized, multicenter trial of inhaled nitric oxide and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in severe, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE-OXYGENATION; RESPIRATORY-FAILURE; DISEASE; PHYSIOLOGY; CANDIDATES; INFANTS AB Background: Although inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) causes selective pulmonary vasodilation and improves oxygenation in newborn infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension, its effects are variable. We hypothesized (1) that the response to iNO therapy is dependent on the primary disease associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and (2) that the combination of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) with iNO would be efficacious in patients for whom either therapy alone had failed. Methods: To determine the relative roles of iNO and HFOV in the treatment of severe PPHN, we enrolled 205 neonates in a randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Patients were stratified by predominant disease category: respiratory distress syndrome (n = 70), meconium aspiration syndrome (n = 58), idiopathic PPHN or pulmonary hypoplasia (excluding congenital diaphragmatic hernia) (''other'': n = 43), and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (n = 34); they were then randomly assigned to treatment with iNO and conventional ventilation or to HFOV without iNO. Treatment failure (partial pressure of arterial oxygen [PaO2] <60 mm Hg) resulted in crossover to the alternative treatment; treatment failure after crossover led to combination treatment with HFOV plus iNO. Treatment response with the assigned therapy was defined as sustained PaO2 of 60 mm Hg or greater. Results: Baseline oxygenation index and PaO2 were 48 +/- 2 and 41 +/- 1 mm Hg, respectively, during treatment with conventional ventilation. Ninety-eight patients were randomly assigned to initial treatment with HFOV, and 107 patients to iNO. Fifty-three patients (26%) recovered with the initially assigned therapy without crossover (30 with iNO [28%] and 23 with HFOV [23%]; p = 0.33). Within this group, survival was 100% and there were no differences in days of mechanical ventilation, air leak, or supplemental oxygen requirement at 28 days. Of patients whose initial treatment failed, crossover treatment with the alternate therapy was successful in 21% and 14% for iNO and HFOV, respectively (p = not significant). Of 125 patients in whom both treatment strategies failed, 32% responded to combination treatment with HFOV plus iNO. Overall, 123 patients (60%) responded to either treatment alone or combination therapy. BS disease category, response rates for HFOV plus iNO in the group with respiratory syndrome and the group with meconium aspiration syndrome were better than for HFOV alone or iNO with conventional ventilation (p <0.05). Marked differences in outcomes were noted among centers (percent death or treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation = 29% to 75%). Conclusions: We conclude that treatment with HFOV plus iNO is often more successful than treatment with HFOV or iNO alone in severe PPHN. Differences in responses are partly related to the specific disease associated with PPHN. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, DEPT PEDIAT, KANSAS CITY, MO 64110 USA. CHILDRENS MERCY HOSP, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, KANSAS CITY, MO 64108 USA. VANDERBILT UNIV, DEPT PEDIAT, NASHVILLE, TN USA. UNIV MIAMI, DEPT PEDIAT, MIAMI, FL 33152 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT PEDIAT, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV SO CALIF, DEPT PEDIAT, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089 USA. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78236 USA. EMORY UNIV, DEPT PEDIAT, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. RP Kinsella, JP (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, SCH MED,CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV NEONATOL, BOX B-070, 1056 E 19TH AVE, DENVER, CO 80218 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00069]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL46481, HL41012] NR 22 TC 247 Z9 262 U1 0 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 131 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(97)70124-0 PN 1 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XP113 UT WOS:A1997XP11300014 PM 9255192 ER PT J AU Carnes, DL Maeder, CL Graves, DT AF Carnes, DL Maeder, CL Graves, DT TI Cells with osteoblastic phenotypes can be explanted from human gingiva and periodontal ligament SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cells, cultured; fibroblasts; gingiva, anatomy and histology; periodontal ligament, anatomy and histology; phenotype ID NODULES FORMED INVITRO; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE; ALVEOLAR BONE; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; GROWTH-FACTOR; RAT; POPULATIONS; PROLIFERATION; REGENERATION; FIBROBLASTS AB CONSIDERABLE PHENOTYPIC HETEROGENEITY has been reported in gingival fibroblasts, Similarly, cells from the periodontal ligament (PDL) can be isolated with different phenotypes, Although it has been suggested that cells from the gingiva do not contribute to the formation of hard tissue, it is theoretically possible that under appropriate stimuli, immature mesenchymal cells in gingiva could differentiate along an osteoblastic pathway. Differentiation of immature mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts following stimulation with osteoinductive factors has been demonstrated in muscle, We undertook experiments to establish whether cells with osteoblastic characteristics could be identified from human gingiva as well as from human periodontal ligament. Some cell populations from each of these tissues were found to have high basal alkaline phosphatase activity, to release osteocalcin in response to 1,25(OH)(2)VitD(3), and to form a mineralized matrix. Thus, cells can be isolated from the gingiva and PDL that exhibit phenotypic markers, which taken together are characteristic of osteoblastic cells, Other cell populations derived from the PDL and gingival connective tissue were isolated that had fibroblastic characteristics. These studies support the concept that gingival tissue can give rise to cells which may differentiate along either a fibroblastic or an osteoblastic pathway. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT ENDODONT,SAN ANTONIO,TX. DEPT PERIODONT,NELLIS AFB,NV. RP Carnes, DL (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PERIODONTOL & ORAL BIOL,CABR,SCH DENT MED,RM W-202,700 ALBANY ST,BOSTON,MA 02118, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE 11254] NR 41 TC 71 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 68 IS 7 BP 701 EP 707 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA XM934 UT WOS:A1997XM93400013 PM 9249643 ER PT J AU Kimmel, RL Klein, MA Schwoerke, SN AF Kimmel, RL Klein, MA Schwoerke, SN TI Three-dimensional hypersonic laminar boundary-layer computations for transition experiment design SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 27th Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 17-20, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The stability of boundary layers on sharp-nosed cones with elliptical cross sections is assessed using Linear stability theory and crossflow correlations. The objective is to identify a configuration for wind-tunnel testing that exhibits significant crossflow but also possesses a sufficient laminar region for boundary-layer stability probing. Parabolized Navier-Stokes computer codes were used to calculate the mean flow about cones with eccentricities of 1.5:1, 2.0:1, and 4.0:1 at a freestream Mach number of 7.95 and freestream unit Reynolds number of 3.3 x 10(6) m(-1). Correlations indicated that transition was possible on each configuration at the above conditions. All three configurations showed unstable, inflectional velocity profiles and boundary-layer thickening along the centerline (minor axis) due to the influx of low-momentum fluid. Crossflow separation was observed on the 2.0:1 configuration. Linear stability theory was used to calculate stationary crossflow N factors on all three configurations, and to calculate traveling-wave N factors on the 1.5:1 and 2.0:1 configurations. All three configurations showed crossflow instability, with the 4.0:1 configuration attaining the highest N factors. The 1.5:1 and 2.0:1 configurations were unstable to a broad spectrum of traveling waves, with the highest N factors attained on centerline, due to the unstable profiles there. C1 LOCKHEED MARTIN CORP,FT WORTH,TX 76101. RP Kimmel, RL (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 34 IS 4 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.2514/2.3236 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XP929 UT WOS:A1997XP92900001 ER PT J AU Bertin, JJ Stetson, KF Bouslog, SA Caram, JM AF Bertin, JJ Stetson, KF Bouslog, SA Caram, JM TI Effect of isolated roughness elements on boundary-layer transition for Shuttle Orbiter SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB A 1.75% scale model of the Shuttle Orbiter has been tested in the Mach 8 Tunnel B at the Arnold Engineering Development Center with and without isolated roughness elements. Heat flux gauges on the windward surface permitted the evaluation of heat transfer distributions and boundary-layer transition trends on the Orbiter's windward surface. The data obtained during the current program have been reviewed and compared with transition results from previous tests using both a smooth model and those with distributed roughness. Results indicated that, for many test conditions, a single, relatively small roughness element can be effective in promoting boundary-layer transition, i.e., moving transition close to the roughness element. C1 ROHR IND INC,TECH RESOURCE DEPT,CHULA VISTA,CA 91910. NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,AEROSP FLIGHT MECH DIV,HOUSTON,TX 77058. RP Bertin, JJ (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT AERONAUT,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 34 IS 4 BP 426 EP 436 DI 10.2514/2.3254 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XP929 UT WOS:A1997XP92900003 ER PT J AU Elston, DM McCollough, ML Bergfeld, WF Liranzo, MO Heibel, M AF Elston, DM McCollough, ML Bergfeld, WF Liranzo, MO Heibel, M TI Eosinophils in fibrous tracts and near hair bulbs: A helpful diagnostic feature of alopecia areata SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA; HISTOPATHOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; SCALP AB Background: When biopsy specimens lack a ''swarm of bees'' peribulbar lymphoid infiltrate, the diagnosis of alopecia areata depends on the recognition of other histologic features of the disease. Objective: Our objective was to determine the frequency of the presence of eosinophils in biopsy specimens of alopecia areata in relation to the other major histologic features of the disease. Methods: Biopsy specimens from 71 patients with alopecia areata were studied. Results: Eosinophils were present in 38 of the 71 cases. A peribulbar lymphoid infiltrate was absent in 27 of the 71 cases. Eosinophils were present in 13 of these cases. Multiple catagen hairs and pigment casts (features which may lead to confusion with trichotillomania) were present in 39 cases. The presence of eosinophils was found to be a helpful diagnostic feature in cases with potential for misdiagnosis as trichotillomania. Conclusion: Eosinophils are common in all stages of alopecia areata, both within the peribulbar infiltrate and within fibrous tracts. A ''swarm of bees'' peribulbar infiltrate may be absent. The presence of eosinophils is a helpful diagnostic feature of alopecia areata. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DERMATOL SERV,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX. CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,DEPT PATHOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. NR 16 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(97)70219-6 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA XJ179 UT WOS:A1997XJ17900013 PM 9216531 ER PT J AU Puterbaugh, SL Copenhaver, WW Hah, C Wennerstrom, AJ AF Puterbaugh, SL Copenhaver, WW Hah, C Wennerstrom, AJ TI A three-dimensional shock loss model applied to an aft-swept, transonic compressor rotor SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 10-13, 1996 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND ID HIGH-THROUGHFLOW; FLOW PHENOMENA; FAN ROTOR; STAGE AB An analysis of the effectiveness of a three-dimensional shock loss model used in transonic compressor rotor design is presented The model was used during the design of an aft-swept, transonic compressor rotor. The demonstrated performance of the swept rotor, in combination with numerical results, is used to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the model. The numerical results were obtained from a fully three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver. The shock loss model was developed to account for the benefit gained with three-dimensional shock sweep. Comparisons with the experimental and numerical results demonstrated that shock loss reductions predicted by the model due to the swept shock induced by the swept leading edge of the rotor were exceeded. However, near the tip the loss model underpredicts the loss because the shock geometry assumed by the model remains swept in this region while the numerical results show a more normal shock orientation The design methods and the demonstrated performance of the swept rotor are also presented, Comparisons are made between the design intent and measured performance parameters, The aft-swept rotor was designed using an inviscid axisymmetric streamline curvature design system utilizing arbitrary airfoil blading geometry. The design goal specific flow rate was 214.7 kg/s/m(2) (43.98 lbm/sec/ft(2)), the design pressure ratio goal was 2.042, and the predicted design point efficiency was 94.0. The rotor rip speed was 457.2 m/s (1500 ft/sec). The design pow rate was achieved while the pressure ratio fell short by 0.07. Efficiency was 3 points below prediction, though at a very high 91 percent. Ar this operating condition the stall margin was 11 per-cent. C1 NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Puterbaugh, SL (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45432, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 1997 VL 119 IS 3 BP 452 EP 459 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA XQ503 UT WOS:A1997XQ50300007 ER PT J AU Mahalingam, K Dorsey, DL Evans, KR Venkat, R AF Mahalingam, K Dorsey, DL Evans, KR Venkat, R TI Gallium desorption behavior at AlGaAs/GaAs heterointerfaces during high-temperature molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI-24) CY JAN 12-15, 1997 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NC ID GROWTH; (AL,GA)AS; MBE AB A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to investigate the Ga desorption behavior during AlGaAs-on-GaAs heterointerface formation by molecular beam epitaxy. The transients in the Ga desorption rate upon opening the Al shutter are shown to be associated with the concurrent reduction in the V/III flux ratio. Monte Carlo simulations employing a constant V/III flux ratio yield a ''steplike'' variation in the Ga desorption rate with the resulting interfaces closer in abruptness to the ideal AlGaAs-on-GaAs interface. Further details on the stoichiometry of the interface and its relationship with predicted Ga desorption profiles is presented. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB MLPO,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. USAF,WRIGHT LAB AADP,AVION DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT ELECT ENGN,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1159 EP 1162 DI 10.1116/1.589432 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA XT088 UT WOS:A1997XT08800068 ER PT J AU Eyink, KG Seaford, ML Haas, TW Tomich, DH Lampert, WV Walck, SD Solomon, JS Mitchel, WC Eastman, LF AF Eyink, KG Seaford, ML Haas, TW Tomich, DH Lampert, WV Walck, SD Solomon, JS Mitchel, WC Eastman, LF TI Characterization of low-temperature grown AlSb and GaSb buffer layers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI-24) CY JAN 12-15, 1997 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NC ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INFRARED DETECTORS; SUPERLATTICES; GAAS AB The InGaSb/InAs strained layer superlattice (SLS) system has been proposed theoretically to be a potentially useful long-wavelength infrared (IR) detector material by Mailhiot and Smith. These authors have suggested that GaSb substrates would be suitable for growth of these SLS. The benefit of InGaSb/InAs SLSs grown on GaSb(001) versus GaAs(001) substrates has been substantiated by a number of recent papers [J. L. Johnson, L. A. Samoska, A. C. Gossard, J. L. Merz, M. D. Jack, G. R. Chapman, B. A. Baumgratz, K. Kosai, and S. M. Johnson, J. Appl. Phys. 80, 1116 (1996); T. D. Golding, H. D. Shih, J. T. Zborowski, W. C. Fan, C. C. Horton, P. C, Chow, B, C. Covington, A. Chi, J. M. Anthony, and H. F. Schaake, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 10, 880 (1992)]. Unfortunately, the current quality of GaSb substrates does not even match those of InP, much less GaAs or Si. In particular, the poor quality of the GaSb substrates leads to free carriers that make the samples electrically conductive and absorb photons in the IR. Further studies of this materials system, therefore, require either improved GaSb substrates or a suitable buffer layer to electrically isolate the substrate from the SLS. In this work, we explore the use of low-temperature grown (LTG) AlSb and GaSb, with and without annealing, as an effective near lattice matched buffer layer for SLS growth GaSb and GaAs. The LTG layers were formed by solid source molecular beam epitaxy using monomeric Sb from a cracker cell. The LTG-AlSb was grown at 450-500 degrees C while the GaSb layers were grown at 250-350 degrees C. Characterization of the layers by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and Hall mobilities has been performed. These results show that LTG GaSb on GaAs substrates are highly defective and become polycrystalline after about 1500 Angstrom of growth. TEM analysis showed the formation of precipitates in LTG AlSb films on GaSb after annealing. No Sb precipitates have been found in LTG GaSb. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP Eyink, KG (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1187 EP 1190 DI 10.1116/1.589436 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA XT088 UT WOS:A1997XT08800072 ER PT J AU Seaford, ML Wu, W Eyink, KG Tomich, DH Tucker, JR Eastman, LF AF Seaford, ML Wu, W Eyink, KG Tomich, DH Tucker, JR Eastman, LF TI Subnanometer analysis of molecular beam epitaxy grown ternary arsenides SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI-24) CY JAN 12-15, 1997 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NC ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; LAYERS; GAAS; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB InGaAs/InAlAs modulation-doped field-effect transistors (MODFETs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on InP have been characterized using Hall and cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (XSTM). Spacer layer to quantum well interface XSTM images will be presented showing cluster sizes ranging from 20 to 50 Angstrom for normal growth conditions. The extent of the clustering experimentally found is greater than that predicted by theory for phase separation due to kinetics or bulk thermodynamics. The extent of clustering was not found to be a function of growth temperature while the morphology and cluster orientation was a function of growth temperature. At normal growth temperatures, the clusters tended to self align into binary corridors. Control (and removal) of these binary corridors allowed the growth and fabrication of MODFETs with Schottky barrier heights greater than 1 eV. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(97)11404-4]. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Seaford, ML (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1274 EP 1278 DI 10.1116/1.589450 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA XT088 UT WOS:A1997XT08800086 ER PT J AU Puffer, RL AF Puffer, RL TI Too young the heroes: A World War II marine's account of facing a veteran enemy at Guadalcanal, the Solomons and Okinawa - Lince,G SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Puffer, RL (reprint author), USAF,HIST PROG,EDWARDS AFB,CA 93523, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 122 IS 12 BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA XK069 UT WOS:A1997XK06900208 ER PT J AU Carlson, JL AF Carlson, JL TI Great lodges of the West - Barnes,C, Pflughoft,F, Morris,D SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Carlson, JL (reprint author), VANDENBERG AFB LIB,VANDENBERG AFB,CA 93437, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 122 IS 12 BP 111 EP 111 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA XK069 UT WOS:A1997XK06900261 ER PT J AU Baeslack, WA Zheng, H Threadgill, PL Dance, BGI AF Baeslack, WA Zheng, H Threadgill, PL Dance, BGI TI Characterization of an electron beam diffusion bond in Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb titanium aluminide SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT IND WELDING & SYST ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. TWI,ABINGDON CB1 6AL,CAMBS,ENGLAND. RP Baeslack, WA (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLLM,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 39 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S1044-5803(97)00037-5 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YK719 UT WOS:A1997YK71900004 ER PT J AU Bruno, JG Cornette, JC AF Bruno, JG Cornette, JC TI An electrochemiluminescence assay based on the interaction of diaminotoluene isomers with gold(I) and copper(II) ions SO MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTROGENERATED CHEMILUMINESCENCE; QUANTITATION AB A novel assay for the determination of 2,4- and 3,4-diaminotoluene (DAT) isomers based on the low-level electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reaction of these molecules with the group IB transition metal ions Au+ and Cu+2, respectively, in aqueous solution is described. DAT isomers were screened for ECL against a repertoire of 32 metals, including metal ions such as Cu+2 Eu+3, Mg+2, Ru+3, and Tb+3 associated with other known ECL complexes, at 1:3 added metal ion:ligand molar ratios. The 1:3 molar ratio presumed tris-bidentate octahedral metal coordination complex formation, which generally yielded optimal ECL intensity. The apparent specificity of Au+ for 2,4-DAT and Cu+2 for 3,4-DAT, as indicated by ECL measurements, may be partly based on ionic size as Au+ has nearly twice the ionic diameter of Cu+2 and thus may form a coordination complex with the meta, but not the ortho DAT. Other DAT isomers were screened and exhibited mildly enhanced ECL with various metal ions, including group IB transition metal ions, but these ECL enhancements were not statistically significant. In some cases, titration of DAT ligands with Cu+2 and Au+ over broad concentration ranges produced nonlinear ECL response curves. Despite low-level ECL, sensitivities in the ppm range for Au+, Cu+2 and their respective DAT isomers were achieved. Time dependence was observed for some of the ECL reactions, including the Ru(III)-bipyridine model system, in which the ECL intensity grew markedly over several hours. No ECL enhancements over background were observed with two dinitrotoluene isomers or an aminonitrotoluene screened against the same set of 32 metals. This novel ECL approach may have applications in the determination of some aminoaromatics from degradation of explosives (e.g., TNT) as well as detection and quantitation of various transition metals in industrial wastewater streams and groundwater supplies. In terms of fundamental science, the present data are probably of interest as an example of size-dependent molecular recognition of metal ions which can be detected by ECL. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 USAF, ARMSTRONG LAB, ENVIRON DIRECTORATE, TYNDALL AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Bruno, JG (reprint author), APPL RES ASSOC, 139 BARNES DR, SUITE 2, TYNDALL AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0026-265X EI 1095-9149 J9 MICROCHEM J JI Microchem J. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1006/mchj.1996.1405 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XK947 UT WOS:A1997XK94700004 ER PT J AU Davidovitz, M AF Davidovitz, M TI An approximate equivalent-circuit of a truncated nonradiative dielectric waveguide SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nonradiative dielectric waveguide (NRDW); truncated NRDW; gaps in NRDW; equivalent circuit AB Nonradiative dielectric waveguides provide the basis for the realization of numerous circuit components. Truncation of the dielectric strip, which is the guiding element of the structure, is a fundamental reactive element of many nonradiative dielectric waveguide circuits, including filters and couplers. The equivalent circuit representation of the truncated nonradiative dielectric waveguide is considered in this article. Variational formulations and dominant-field approximations are used to obtain simple expressions for the terminal reactance and susceptance of the truncation. Accuracy limits of these formulas are determined through comparison with more rigorous calculations and measured data. Related components, such as rectangular resonators and gaps in the nonradiator dielectric waveguide, are also characterized on the basis of the same approach. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP Davidovitz, M (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,ERAA,31 GRENIER ST,BEDFORD,MA 01731, USA. NR 10 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 15 IS 4 BP 224 EP 227 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA XE333 UT WOS:A1997XE33300010 ER PT J AU LeVasseur, JG Grimwood, RE AF LeVasseur, JG Grimwood, RE TI Skin cancer trends at Wilford Hall Medical Center SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Texas-Dermatological-Society CY MAY 11, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Texas Dermatol Soc ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; UNITED-STATES; EMERGING EPIDEMIC; MELANOMA; POPULATION AB Incidence rates for all skin cancers are increasing. The objective of this study is to review data on melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer from Wilford Hall Medical Center and identify and compare trends to published data, Records were reviewed by computer search of pathology records from 1986 to 1993, and analysis by total numbers diagnosed, age distribution, and site are described. Overall, our data agree with published material. We did not show an increased frequency of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or melanoma during this period. RP LeVasseur, JG (reprint author), DEPT DERMATOL,59TH MED WING,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 162 IS 7 BP 459 EP 462 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XL132 UT WOS:A1997XL13200005 PM 9232973 ER PT J AU Porter, RD Buckingham, RS Vroonland, JE AF Porter, RD Buckingham, RS Vroonland, JE TI Predictors of students' success in the medical service apprentice course SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This study assessed the predictors of students' success in the 383d Training Squadron's Medical Service Apprentice course at Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas. Correlation and regression analyses provided seven predictors of students' success. These predictors were the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Mechanical score, block 1 grade, block 3 grade, block 3 student hours, block 4 grade, block 4 student hours, and National Registry Emergency Medical Technician Test 1 grade. From these predictors, researchers ascertained demarcation points to provide direction for instructors and students, Using this guidance, proactive intervention by instructors and the Student Learning Center will improve the success of Medical Service Apprentice course students. Further research conducted by the 882d Training Group to evaluate predictors of success will yield a seamless evaluation process. This process will establish an improved proactive educational system enhancing the career field selection process and the quality of student education. C1 MIDWESTERN STATE UNIV,WICHITA FALLS,TX. RP Porter, RD (reprint author), TRAINING EVALUAT & RES SECT,TRAINING GRP 882D,SHEPPARD AFB,TX 76311, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 162 IS 7 BP 495 EP 500 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XL132 UT WOS:A1997XL13200014 PM 9232982 ER PT J AU Shaw, BL Pielke, RA Ziegler, CL AF Shaw, BL Pielke, RA Ziegler, CL TI A three-dimensional numerical simulation of a great plains dryline SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEVERE-STORM ENVIRONMENT; SOIL-MOISTURE; SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS; MESOSCALE CIRCULATIONS; CONVECTIVE STORM; SQUALL-LINE; MIXED-LAYER; MODEL; SENSITIVITY AB A three-dimensional, nonhydrostatic, nested grid version of the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) was used to perform simulations of an actual dryline that was observed as part of the COPS-91 field experiment on 15 May 1991. A control run designed to reproduce the observed conditions as accurately as possible was generated and verified against standard National Weather Service observations, PAM-II observations, M-CLASS soundings, and vertical cross-sectional analyses obtained from the NOAA P-3 aircraft. A representative heterogeneous soil moisture field for use in the control simulation was generated using an antecedent precipitation index (API). Representative vegetation coverage based on the USGS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset was input into the model. An additional simulation using a homogeneous soil moisture field is compared to the control run. Results of study indicate that the use of realistic heterogeneous soil moisture and vegetation may be extremely important for accurate prediction of dryline formation and morphology. The effect of variable soil moisture appears to be first order, with large impacts on the strength of the thermal and moisture gradients along the dryline, as well as its position, structure, and movement. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. USAF, INST TECHNOL, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NOAA, NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB, NORMAN, OK 73069 USA. RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009 NR 62 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 125 IS 7 BP 1489 EP 1506 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<1489:ATDNSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XJ257 UT WOS:A1997XJ25700007 ER PT J AU Pachner, AR Amemiya, K Delaney, E ONeill, T Hughes, CAN Zhang, WF AF Pachner, AR Amemiya, K Delaney, E ONeill, T Hughes, CAN Zhang, WF TI Interleukin-6 is expressed at high levels in the CNS in Lyme neuroborreliosis SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Neurology CY MAR 23-30, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Acad Neurol ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; DISEASE; MODEL; MANIFESTATIONS; INFECTIONS; SEROLOGY; CELLS; OSPA; IL-6 AB In patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis, inflammation and symptoms of fatigue and malaise occur out of proportion to the relatively low number of spirochetes present. Previous studies have identified interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a candidate molecule for amplification of CNS inflammation in this disease. We pursued this possibility by measuring cytokine gene expression by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the brain of rhesus macaques actively infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Samples of brain tissue were screened for IL-6 and interferon gamma using RT-PCR-ELISA, a technique that uses RT-PCR, subsequent hybridization of the PCR product with a biotinylated probe, and capture and ELISA readout of hybridization product. The number of copies in positive samples was then quantitated using qRT-PCR-ELISA, in which wild-type cytokine cDNA competes with recombinant competitor DNA in the PCR. Elevated levels of IL-6 cDNA and, to a lesser extent, interferon gamma were detected in three of three nonhuman primates with persistent infection with B burgdorferi, whereas the brains of three uninfected animals had undetectable levels of gene expression of these cytokines. These data support the hypothesis that cytokines such as IL-6 are important amplification molecules for CNS inflammation in Lyme neuroborreliosis. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,WASHINGTON,DC. GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT IMMUNOL & MICROBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC. NINCDS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USAF,REGISTRY COMPARAT PATHOL,INST PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUL PY 1997 VL 49 IS 1 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XK353 UT WOS:A1997XK35300023 PM 9222183 ER PT J AU Paxton, AH Schone, H Taylor, EW McKinney, S Doyle, BL AF Paxton, AH Schone, H Taylor, EW McKinney, S Doyle, BL TI Performance of an acousto-optic Bragg cell under ion microbeam irradiation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Nuclear Microprobe Technology and Applications (ICNMTA) CY NOV 11-15, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Sandia Natl Labs, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl lab AB An acousto-optic (AO) deflector composed of PbMoO4 was exposed to 4 MeV protons while operating under Bragg angle conditions. An ion beam in air of 1 mm width was directed normal to the crystal face and laser beam. Between exposures, the approximately 13 mm x 8.5 mm AO deflector was mechanically translated in two dimensions in front of the fixed ion beam. The AO diffraction efficiency was mapped and was observed to change as a function of ion beam location and dose rate. These effects are attributed to the induced change in the temperature distribution of the crystal, which changed the sonic velocity and refractive index. Similar effects were observed when the ion beam was directed at the acoustic transducer. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Paxton, AH (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,VTMC,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUL PY 1997 VL 130 IS 1-4 BP 539 EP 542 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(97)00246-2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA XZ017 UT WOS:A1997XZ01700093 ER PT J AU Mathews, KA Brennan, CR AF Mathews, KA Brennan, CR TI Exponential characteristic nonlinear radiation transport method for unstructured grids of triangular cells SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERISTIC SPATIAL QUADRATURE AB The exponential characteristic (EC) method is one of a family of nonlinear spatial quadratures for discrete ordinates radiation transport that are positive and at least second-order accurate and provide accurate results for deep-penetration problems using coarse meshes. We use a split-cell methodology to adapt the method to unstructured grids of arbitrarily shaped and oriented triangular cells that provide efficient representation of curved surfaces. Exponential representations of the flux entering through a cell edge and of the scattering source within a cell are constructed to match average values and first moments passed form the adjacent cell (or from the boundary conditions) or obtained from the angular quadrature of the directional flux spatial moments in the previous iteration (or from an initial guess). The resulting one- and two-dimensional nonlinear rootsolving problems are efficiently solved using Newton's method with an accurate starting approximation. Improved algorithms, presented here, have increased the efficiency of the method by a factor of 10 as compared to an initial report. The EC method now costs only twice as much per cell as does the linear characteristic method but can be accurate with many fewer cells. Numerical testing shows the EC method to be robust and effective. RP Mathews, KA (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,AFIT,ENP,2950 P ST BLDG 640,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 126 IS 3 BP 264 EP 281 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XN257 UT WOS:A1997XN25700002 ER PT J AU Lyon, DS Knuckles, G Whitaker, E Salgado, S AF Lyon, DS Knuckles, G Whitaker, E Salgado, S TI The effect of instituting an elective labor epidural program on the operative delivery rate SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NULLIPAROUS WOMEN; CESAREAN-SECTION; 2ND STAGE; ANALGESIA; MANAGEMENT; DYSTOCIA; TRIAL; BIRTH AB Objective: To evaluate labor outcome as well as maternal and neonatal morbidity before and after the initiation of elective labor epidural capability. Methods: On October 1, 1993, a sudden change in military requirements mandated provision of elective labor epidural capability at our institution. Before this time, epidural provision had been primarily in response to urgent obstetrician requests. Pre-labor and labor characteristics and outcomes were reviewed for the year before this policy change (group 1, n = 373) and for the year after it (group 2, n = 421) in a population of nulliparous patients delivering singleton, vertex fetuses at 36-42 weeks' gestational age. In addition, the group of patients receiving labor epidurals before their ready availability (group 1E, n = 49) was compared with the group receiving them after their ready availability (group 2E, n = 247). Results: Maternal labor characteristics showed a slight (10 minutes on average) prolongation of the second stage of labor in group 2. The incidence of diagnosed chorioamnionitis was higher in group 2. Patients receiving epidurals in each time frame were analyzed to identify epidural-related findings, as opposed to findings associated with intrinsically more problematic labors. Epidural-related factors included the slightly prolonged second stage of labor, increased use of oxytocin, and a higher incidence of diagnosed chorioamnionitis. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated no increase in the rate of operative deliveries in a population that suddenly received access to on-request labor epidurals. We believe this option should be offered to parturients without making them feel that they must choose between comfort and safety. (C) 1997 by The College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 USAF,MED CORPS,ANDREWS AFB,MD. RP Lyon, DS (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,653-1 W 8TH ST,JACKSONVILLE,FL 32209, USA. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00214-7 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA XG769 UT WOS:A1997XG76900027 PM 9207828 ER PT J AU Taylor, EW Winter, JE Sanchez, AD McKinney, SJ AF Taylor, EW Winter, JE Sanchez, AD McKinney, SJ TI Proton-induced transient depolarization in gallium phosphide and tellurium dioxide Bragg cells SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE electron; proton; acoustooptics; Bragg cell; degree of polarization; depolarization; tellurium dioxide; gallium phosphide ID RADIATION; LINBO3; COUPLER AB Radiation-induced changes to the polarization states of light propagating in various photonic devices are observed. The nature of the polarization changes is reported for one particular photonic device-the acousto optic Bragg cell. A short description of the detection methodology used to quantify transient changes to the polarization states and to the degree of polarization in tellurium dioxide and gallium phosphide Bragg cells are presented. A discussion of the Stokes parameter analysis used to interpret the data is also presented. (C) 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. RP Taylor, EW (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,SPACE TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,PHOTON RES GRP VTMC,3550 ABERDEEN AVE,SE BLDG 902,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1901 EP 1909 DI 10.1117/1.601409 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA XK790 UT WOS:A1997XK79000009 ER PT J AU Dayton, DC Duncan, MJ Gonglewski, JD AF Dayton, DC Duncan, MJ Gonglewski, JD TI Performance simulations of a daylight low-order adaptive optics system with speckle postprocessing for observation of low-earth orbit satellites SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; speckle imaging; daylight imaging ID TELESCOPES AB Computer simulations are used to demonstrate the feasibility of operating a low-order adaptive optics system for observation of bright low-earth orbiting satellites during daylight hours. The system considered includes speckle postprocessing of partially compensated focal plane images to produce reconstructions with resolution near the diffraction limit of the telescope. (C) 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,LIMI,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Dayton, DC (reprint author), APPL TECHNOL ASSOCIATES,1900 RANDOLPH SE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1910 EP 1917 DI 10.1117/1.601397 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA XK790 UT WOS:A1997XK79000010 ER PT J AU Lee, DJ Welsh, BM Roggemann, MC Ellerbroek, BL AF Lee, DJ Welsh, BM Roggemann, MC Ellerbroek, BL TI Diagnosing unknown aberrations in an adaptive optics system by use of phase diversity SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We outline a novel method for estimating a fixed aberration that is in the image path but not in the wave-front-sensor (WFS) path of an adaptive optics (AO) imaging system. We accomplish this through a nontraditional application of the Gonsalves [Proc. SPIE 207, 32 (1997)] least-squares phase-diversity technique, using an ensemble of images and WFS data. The diversity phases required for this technique are provided by the temporal differences in WFS residual phase measurements for different members of the ensemble. We demonstrate the technique by using actual observations from an operational AO system exhibiting such an aberration. An estimate of this aberration was obtained by the proposed algorithm that agrees reasonably well with the observed point-spread function. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. RP Lee, DJ (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,GRAD SCH ENGN,BLDG 640,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 22 IS 13 BP 952 EP 954 DI 10.1364/OL.22.000952 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA XG253 UT WOS:A1997XG25300004 PM 18185716 ER PT J AU Sarukura, N Liu, ZL Ohtake, H Segawa, Y Dubinskii, MA Semashko, VV Naumov, AK Korableva, SL Abdulsabirov, RY AF Sarukura, N Liu, ZL Ohtake, H Segawa, Y Dubinskii, MA Semashko, VV Naumov, AK Korableva, SL Abdulsabirov, RY TI Ultraviolet short pulses from an all-solid-state Ce:LiCAF master-oscillator-power-amplifier system SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRAIN GENERATION; LASER AB We have developed an all-solid-state master-oscillator-power-amplifier system employing Ce:LiCAF, a new degradation-free tunable ultraviolet laser medium pumped by the fourth harmonic of conventional 10-ns Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers. The low-Q, short-cavity Ce:LiCAF master oscillator produced a satellite-free 1-ns pulse under appropriate pumping-fluence control. 18% energy extraction with sufficient gain was achieved in a single-stage, confocal, double-pass amplifier. As a result, 289-nm, 1-ns, 14-mJ pulses were efficiently obtained from this simple laser system. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 RIKEN,INST PHYS & CHEM RES,AOBA KU,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. KAZAN VI LENIN STATE UNIV,KAZAN 420008,RUSSIA. RP Sarukura, N (reprint author), INST MOL SCI,OKAZAKI,AICHI 444,JAPAN. RI Sarukura, Nobuhiko/F-3276-2015; Korableva, Stella/L-7304-2015; Semashko, Vadim/P-8360-2015; Naumov, Alexander/A-1581-2014 OI Sarukura, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-2353-645X; Korableva, Stella/0000-0002-8469-2512; Naumov, Alexander/0000-0003-2421-7602 NR 19 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 22 IS 13 BP 994 EP 996 DI 10.1364/OL.22.000994 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA XG253 UT WOS:A1997XG25300018 PM 18185730 ER PT J AU Voelz, DG McMackin, L Boger, JK Fetrow, MP AF Voelz, DG McMackin, L Boger, JK Fetrow, MP TI Double-exposure heterodyne imaging for observing line-of-sight deformation SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECKLE PATTERN INTERFEROMETRY AB An optical heterodyne array imaging system is described for double-exposure interferometric measurement of objects that change because of stress or vibration. The signal measurement and processing approach is summarized, and the method is demonstrated in the laboratory. An advantage of this technique over other electronic interferometric imaging methods is that complex exposures are created with digital phase and amplitude values at each image pixel. In addition, measurement of object deformation does not require time synchronization between the camera exposure time, or laser pulse time, and object vibration frequency. C1 ROCKWELL POWER SYST CO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87117. APPL TECH ASSOCIATES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87117. RP Voelz, DG (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,IMAGING BRANCH,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 22 IS 13 BP 1027 EP 1029 DI 10.1364/OL.22.001027 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA XG253 UT WOS:A1997XG25300029 PM 18185741 ER PT J AU Khot, NS Oz, H AF Khot, NS Oz, H TI Structural-control optimization with H-2- and H-infinity-norm bounds SO OPTIMAL CONTROL APPLICATIONS & METHODS LA English DT Article DE integrated design; robust control; structural dynamics; optimization ID ROBUST-CONTROL DESIGN; BENCHMARK PROBLEM AB An integrated approach to minimum weight structural design and robust control system design is presented. The controller is designed to tolerate both the structured real parameter uncertainty in the structural natural frequencies and the unstructured unmodelled dynamics due to model truncation. The control approach utilizes a mixed H-2-H-infinity LQG compensator with an H-infinity-norm bound on the disturbance to the output transfer matrix in the closed-loop system and an upper bound on the H-2-norm signifying the maximum value of the quadratic control performance index for the uncertain system. In structural-control optimization problems, constraints are imposed on the fundamental structural frequency and on the dB gain separation between the open-loop and closed-loop singular values at prescribed frequencies. The method is demonstrated on a 48-state structural truth model of a three-dimensional tapered box truss with collocated actuators and sensors in which the control design model is eighth-order including the compensator dynamics. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP Khot, NS (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FIBAD,STRUCT DIV,FLIGHT DYNAM DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0143-2087 J9 OPTIM CONTR APPL MET JI Optim. Control Appl. Methods PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 18 IS 4 BP 297 EP 311 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1514(199707/08)18:4<297::AID-OCA604>3.0.CO;2-A PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA XQ912 UT WOS:A1997XQ91200005 ER PT J AU Jones, SK Yurak, TJ Frisch, D AF Jones, SK Yurak, TJ Frisch, D TI The effect of outcome information on the evaluation and recall of individuals' own decisions SO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID JUDGMENTS; HINDSIGHT; ACCURACY AB In this paper, we address two questions about the possible effects of information concerning a decision's outcome, First, we examine whether outcome information influences individuals' evaluations of their own decisions, Second, we examine whether outcome information affects people's recall of their own decision making processes, In four experiments, participants chose between two scholarship applicants, Afterwards, the same individuals received either good, bad, or no outcome information relevant to their decisions, They also answered a series of questions concerning their evaluation and recall of their decision making processes, Results show that outcome information does influence participants' evaluations of their decision making processes, However, it has much less of an effect on their memory for those processes, particularly when memory is assessed using specific questions about the processes used in making the decision. Implications for research relying on retrospective self-reports of people's decision processes are discussed. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 OHIO UNIV,ATHENS,OH 45701. UNIV OREGON,EUGENE,OR 97403. RP Jones, SK (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT BEHAV SCI & LEADERSHIP,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. RI Yurak, Tricia/N-4730-2015 OI Yurak, Tricia/0000-0002-3002-7293 NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0749-5978 J9 ORGAN BEHAV HUM DEC JI Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 95 EP 120 DI 10.1006/obhd.1997.2714 PG 26 WC Psychology, Applied; Management; Psychology, Social SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA YA689 UT WOS:A1997YA68900005 ER PT J AU Uhm, HS Hendricks, KJ Arman, MJ Bowers, L Hackett, KE Spencer, TA Coleman, PD Lemke, RW AF Uhm, HS Hendricks, KJ Arman, MJ Bowers, L Hackett, KE Spencer, TA Coleman, PD Lemke, RW TI A nonlinear theory of relativistic klystrons connected to a coaxial waveguide SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM AB A self-consistent nonlinear theory of current modulation in an electron beam propagating through relativistic klystrons connected to a coaxial waveguide is developed. A theoretical model of the beam-energy increase Delta gamma near the extraction cavity is also developed, based on the self-potential depression. The potential depression kappa can be significantly reduced in the vicinity of the extraction cavity from its value at the injection point. In appropriate system parameters, the kinetic-energy increase can easily be more than 50 keV, thereby eliminating the possibility of virtual cathode in the extraction cavity. Properties of the current modulation in a klystron are also investigated, assuming that a regular cylindrical waveguide is connected to a coaxial waveguide at the propagation distance z = z(1). Due to proximity of a grounded conductor, the beam's potential depression kappa in the coaxial region is considerably less than that in the regular region. It is shown in the present analysis that amplitude of the current modulation increases drastically as the coaxial inner-conductor approaches the driving cavity. Moreover, the-amplitude of the current modulation in the coaxial region changes slowly in comparison with that in the regular region. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Uhm, HS (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CARDEROCK DIV,9500 MACARTHUR BLVD,BETHESDA,MD 20817, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 1997 VL 4 IS 7 BP 2691 EP 2696 DI 10.1063/1.872355 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XH863 UT WOS:A1997XH86300039 ER PT J AU Ryan, KL Walters, TJ Tehrany, MR Lovelace, JD Jauchem, JR AF Ryan, KL Walters, TJ Tehrany, MR Lovelace, JD Jauchem, JR TI Age does not affect thermal and cardiorespiratory responses to microwave heating in calorically restricted rats SO SHOCK LA English DT Article ID SENESCENT FISCHER-344 RATS; RADIOFREQUENCY IRRADIATION; BLOOD-FLOW; STRESS; HYPERTHERMIA; ADJUSTMENTS; MATURE; MEN AB This study sought to determine whether age influences the thermal distribution and cardiorespiratory responses to 35 GHz microwave (MW) heating. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8/group) 3 to 4 mo old (young), 15 to 16 mo old (middle-aged), and 24 to 25 mo old (old) were used, All animals were restricted to 63% of ad libitum feed. Rats were anesthetized (ketamine) and a catheter was placed into a carotid artery for measurement of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). Anesthetized rats were then exposed to MWs until death, while measuring MAP, heart rate and temperatures at five sites (colonic, left and right tympanic, subcutaneous, and tail). Before MW exposure, there were no significant (p <.05) differences among age groups in measured parameters. MW produced increases in temperature at each of the measured sites; temperatures at death did not differ between groups, Hear? rate increased throughout MW exposure, in a statistically identical manner in all age groups. MAP was initially well maintained and then, in the latter phases of heating, precipitously declined until death, with no discernible age-related difference. Respiration rate was not altered by MW exposure in any group. Finally, there were no group differences in the MW exposure time required to induce death. Thus, age does not alter thermal and cardiorespiratory responses to 35 GHz MW heating in food-restricted rats. C1 SYST RES LABS INC,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,RADIOFREQUENCY RADIAT DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. RP Ryan, KL (reprint author), TRINITY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,715 STADIUM DR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78212, USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMEDICAL PRESS PI AUGUSTA PA 1021 15TH ST, BIOTECH PARK STE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901 SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD JUL PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1097/00024382-199707000-00009 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XK946 UT WOS:A1997XK94600009 PM 9249913 ER PT J AU Helmick, LS Gschwender, LJ Sharma, SK Snyder, CE Liang, JC Fultz, GW AF Helmick, LS Gschwender, LJ Sharma, SK Snyder, CE Liang, JC Fultz, GW TI The effect of humidity on the wear behavior of bearing steels with RfO(n-C3F6O)(x)R-f perfluoropolyalkylether fluids and formulations SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 19-23, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE humidity; wear and failure; steel; polyethers; additives ID THERMAL OXIDATIVE TECHNIQUES; MODEL PERFLUOROPOLYALKYLETHERS; SOLUBLE ADDITIVES; PERFLUOROPOLYETHERS; LUBRICATION AB A reciprocating tribometer and four-ball tribometer were used under controlled environmental conditions to determine the wear behavior of bearing steels with a linear perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) lubricant which does not contain difluoroacetal groups. Formulated lubricants (base oil plus additive) containing potential antiwear additives were also tested and results compared to those for the unformulated base oil. Using the reciprocating tribometer, wear of M-50 steel in air was studied under sliding boundary lubrication conditions at 50 degrees and 150 degrees C with relative humidity ranging from 1 to 95%. Wear was observed to decrease sharply as humidity increased from 1 to 5%, then did not change significantly as humidity increased to 95%. These results indicate that the high wear previously observed in a PFPAE fluid at low humidities was not due to the presence of difluoroacetal groups, but may be characteristic of PFPAE fluids. Reduced wear observed at low humidities in screening tests with several formulated lubricants demonstrates several types of soluble PFPAE additives exhibiting antiwear properties. Using the four-ball tribometer, wear of 52100 steel was determined with the unformulated base oil under sliding boundary lubrication conditions in a nitrogen atmosphere at 75 degrees C with 0% relative humidity. These results were then compared to those obtained with formulated lubricants under similar conditions. These screening tests again revealed several types of PFPAE soluble additives that exhibit antiwear properties In spite of the major differences in the reciprocating tribometer and four-ball test conditions, a triphenylphosphine, a polar nonionic endgroup additive, a diphenylether, and an alcohol additive exhibited significant wear reduction under both sets of conditions. While the triphenylether considerably reduced wear in the reciprocating tribometer tests, it increased wear in the four-ball wear tests. Preliminary results of grazing angle microscope Fourier transform infrared spectra of thin films formed on wear surfaces have provided insight into the chemical reaction mechanism for wear of metals with these lubricants and additives. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP Helmick, LS (reprint author), CEDARVILLE COLL,CEDARVILLE,OH 45314, USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 SN 0569-8197 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.1080/10402009708983673 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA XR758 UT WOS:A1997XR75800001 ER PT J AU Forster, NH Trivedi, HK AF Forster, NH Trivedi, HK TI Rolling contact testing of vapor phase lubricants .1. Material evaluation SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 19-23, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE vapor phase lubrication; vapor phase lubricants; ball bearings ID BUTYLATED TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE; TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE; CERAMICS AB Material screening tests have been performed with four candidate vapor phase lubricants under rolling contact conditions at bearing test temperatures of 370 degrees C. The lubricants evaluated were t-butyl phenyl phosphate (TBPP), polyalphaolefin (PAO), cyclophosphazene (X-1P), and PAO blended with 15 percent TBPP (PAO+). Factorial analyses were used to separate the effects of lubricant; bearing steel, T15 vs. thin dense chrome-coated T15; cage material, AISI 4340 vs. Monel 400; and ball material, T15 vs. NBD 200 Si3N4. Response variables included in the analyses were the bearing friction coefficient, wear rate, and life under accelerated conditions. The type of lubricant was significant at the 90 percent confidence level for all three response variables, with the PAO+ and TBPP showing the best results. In general, bearing materials containing Fe showed improved performance over materials which do not contain Fe at the bearing surface. C1 UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC,DAYTON,OH 45432. RP Forster, NH (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AERO PROP & POWER DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 SN 0569-8197 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.1080/10402009708983676 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA XR758 UT WOS:A1997XR75800004 ER PT J AU Forster, NH Trivedi, HK AF Forster, NH Trivedi, HK TI Rolling contact testing of vapor phase lubricants .2. System performance evaluation SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 19-23, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE vapor phase lubrication; vapor phase lubricants; ball bearings; high temperatures AB The relative effects of several vapor lubrication parameters on bearing performance were examined using a ball-on-rod tester. Lubricants included in the evaluation were a tertiary-butylphenyl phosphate (TBPP), a 2 cSt polyalphaolefin blended with 15 percent TBPP (PAO+), the TBPP blended with 33 percent tributyl phosphate (TBPP+), a cyclophosphazine (X-1P), a polyphenylether (5P4E), and a perfluoroalkylether (Z). Parameters included in the study were bearing temperature, vapor concentration, and vapor temperature. Additionally, a solid lubricant coating was included to improve the bearing performance under cold-start conditions. The lubricants containing phosphorus demonstrated the best high temperature performance. The TBPP lubricant failed shortly after test at 650 degrees C, while the X-1P lubricant performed satisfactorily over an eight-hour period at 650 degrees C. The TBPP+ lubricant demonstrated the widest temperature range capability, with 600 degrees C operation and a projected pumpability point of -45 degrees C. Lubricant concentration was the most significant system parameter affecting bearing friction and wear. C1 UNIVERSAL ENERGY SYST INC,DAYTON,OH 45432. RP Forster, NH (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AERO PROP & POWER DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 SN 0569-8197 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 493 EP 499 DI 10.1080/10402009708983685 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA XR758 UT WOS:A1997XR75800013 ER PT J AU Faber, PR AF Faber, PR TI The hidden history of the Vietnam-War - Prados,J SO WAR IN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP Faber, PR (reprint author), USAF ACAD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 3BH SN 0968-3445 J9 WAR HIST JI War Hist. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 4 IS 3 BP 363 EP 367 DI 10.1177/096834459700400310 PG 5 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA XW178 UT WOS:A1997XW17800010 ER PT J AU Boyes, P AF Boyes, P TI ABL yes, NMD no SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USAF,RANCHO CORDOVA,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD JUN 30 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 27 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XG807 UT WOS:A1997XG80700006 ER PT J AU Achinger, MJ AF Achinger, MJ TI New Medicare rules affect residents' training SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Achinger, MJ (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,AMA RESIDENT PHYS SECT,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 25 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 24 BP 1918 EP 1918 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XF087 UT WOS:A1997XF08700003 ER PT J AU Gallagher, MR AF Gallagher, MR TI C-141 isn't coming back SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USAF,SACRAMENTO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD JUN 23 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 26 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XF556 UT WOS:A1997XF55600006 ER PT J AU Hohl, A Gavrielides, A Erneux, T Kovanis, V AF Hohl, A Gavrielides, A Erneux, T Kovanis, V TI Localized synchronization in two coupled nonidentical semiconductor lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATORS; ARRAYS; INJECTION; DYNAMICS; CHAOS AB The dynamics of two mutually coupled but nonidentical semiconductor lasers are studied experimentally, numerically, and analytically far weak coupling. The lasers have dissimilar relaxation oscillation frequencies and intensities, and their mutual coupling strength may be asymmetric. We find that the coupled lasers exhibit a form of localized synchronization characterized by low amplitude oscillations in one laser, but large oscillations in the second laser. C1 FREE UNIV BRUSSELS,B-1050 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. RP Hohl, A (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,NONLINEAR OPT GRP,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 24 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 23 PY 1997 VL 78 IS 25 BP 4745 EP 4748 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4745 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XJ269 UT WOS:A1997XJ26900019 ER PT J AU Ghebremichael, F Lackritz, HS AF Ghebremichael, F Lackritz, HS TI Improved interferometer studies of linear electro-optic effects of dye-doped polymers SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear optics; electro-optic; polymer; Mach-Zehnder; piezoelectric ID ROTATIONAL REORIENTATION DYNAMICS; 2ND HARMONIC-GENERATION; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; NONLINEAR OPTICS; AZO-DYE; FILMS; ORIENTATION; TEMPERATURE; RELAXATION; DEVICES AB The basic Mach-Zehnder interferometer was modified for use in in situ temperature-dependent linear electro-optic (LEO) measurements of thin films of 4-dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene (DANS) doped into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Optimum interferometer phase stability was possible because of an incorporated electronic feedback system. Film thickness variation was compensated for to obtain more accurate LEO coefficient measurements and thus the second-order susceptibility. Moreover, both the alpha relaxation associated with the glass transition, T-g, and beta relaxation associated with the secondary transition occurring below T-g of PMMA + 2 wt.% DANS was obtained. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 PURDUE UNIV, SCH CHEM ENGN, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. RP USAF ACAD, DEPT PHYS, LASER & OPT RES CTR, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80840 USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 18 BP 4081 EP 4089 DI 10.1364/AO.36.004081 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA XE301 UT WOS:A1997XE30100008 PM 18253430 ER PT J AU Lott, JA Ledentsov, NN Ustinov, VM Egorov, AY Zhukov, AE Kop'ev, PS Alferov, ZI Bimberg, D AF Lott, JA Ledentsov, NN Ustinov, VM Egorov, AY Zhukov, AE Kop'ev, PS Alferov, ZI Bimberg, D TI Vertical cavity lasers based on vertically coupled quantum dots SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE vertical cavity surface emitting lasers; semiconductor quantum dots ID OPERATION AB Ground state lasing is reported for vertical cavity lasers containing three-period InGaAs/GaAs vertically coupled quantum dot active regions. The structures include selectively oxidised AlO current apertures and AlO/GaAs reflectors. Experimental devices emitting near 1.0 mu m operate continuous wave at 20 degrees C with threshold currents <200 mu A and peak power conversion efficiencies exceeding 10%. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Festkorperphys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. RP Lott, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Zhukov, Alexey/A-5523-2014; Ustinov, Viktor/J-3545-2013; Egorov, Anton/B-1267-2014 OI Zhukov, Alexey/0000-0002-4579-0718; Egorov, Anton/0000-0002-0789-4241 NR 9 TC 95 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUN 19 PY 1997 VL 33 IS 13 BP 1150 EP 1151 DI 10.1049/el:19970785 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YX447 UT WOS:000072040900034 ER PT J AU Prasad, S Zabinski, J AF Prasad, S Zabinski, J TI Lubricants - Super slippery solids SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Prasad, S (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 3 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 15 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 19 PY 1997 VL 387 IS 6635 BP 761 EP & DI 10.1038/42820 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XF144 UT WOS:A1997XF14400024 ER PT J AU Link, CD AF Link, CD TI Position clarified SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Link, CD (reprint author), USAF,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD JUN 16 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 25 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XE307 UT WOS:A1997XE30700002 ER PT J AU Betry, MR AF Betry, MR TI Additional stealth backed SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USAF,MIDLOTHIAN,VA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD JUN 16 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 25 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA XE307 UT WOS:A1997XE30700009 ER PT J AU Ganguly, BN Bletzinger, P Garscadden, A AF Ganguly, BN Bletzinger, P Garscadden, A TI Shock wave damping and dispersion in nonequilibrium low pressure argon plasmas SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE shock waves and nonequilibrium plasmas AB Shock wave propagation characteristics have been measured in low pressure nonequilibrium argon plasmas by the simultaneous multipoint laser beam deflection technique. For similar to Mach 2 shock waves, shock attenuation and dispersion are nonlinearly dependent on the shock amplitude. Observed features cannot be explained only by discharge heating effects. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. RP Ganguly, BN (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 9 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUN 16 PY 1997 VL 230 IS 3-4 BP 218 EP 222 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00255-7 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XF656 UT WOS:A1997XF65600014 ER PT J AU Mallett, MS Hagan, RL Peters, DA AF Mallett, MS Hagan, RL Peters, DA TI Stability of ursodiol 25 mg/mL in an extemporaneously prepared oral liquid SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Article DE capsules; cholelitholytic agents; compounding; formulations; glycerin; incompatibilities; orange syrup; stability; storage; suspending agents; suspensions; sweetening agents; temperature; ursodiol; vehicles ID URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID; BILIARY ATRESIA AB The stability of ursodiol in an extemporaneously formulated oral liquid was studied. A suspension was prepared by combining the contents of commercially available 300-mg capsules of ursodiol with glycerin, Ora-Plus (Paddock Laboratories), and orange syrup. A second formulation was prepared by combining ursodiol capsules with sterile water for irrigation. The final concentration of ursodiol in each formulation was 25 mg/mL. Six samples of each preparation were stored in 4-oz amber plastic prescription bottles protected from light. Three were stored at 22-23 degrees C and three were refrigerated al 2-6 degrees C. Immediately after preparation and at 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days, samples were obtained and frozen until assay by high-performance liquid chromatography. On day 60 the mean percentage of the initial ursodiol concentration remaining was 108.4% for the suspension stored at room temperature and 103.3% for the refrigerated suspension. The ursodiol-in-water formulation was not analyzed because of rapid settling of ursodiol. Ursodiol 25 mg/mL in an oral liquid prepared extemporaneously from capsules and sweetened vehicle was stable for 60 days when stored in amber plastic bottles at 22-23 and 2-6 degrees C. Addition of ursodiol powder to water without a suspending agent resulted in a liquid formulation with a high variability in content uniformity. C1 WARNER LAMBERT PARKE DAVIS,PARKE DAVIS PHARMACEUT RES,MORRIS PLAINS,NJ 07950. DAVID GRANT MED CTR,DEPT PHARM,PHARM SUPPORT SERV,CLIN INVEST FACIL,TRAVIS AFB,CA. RP Mallett, MS (reprint author), 7TH MED SUPPORT SQUANDRON SGSAP PHARM,DIAGNOST & THERAPEUT FLIGHT,697 HOSP RD,DYESS AFB,TX 79607, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD JUN 15 PY 1997 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1401 EP 1404 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XE006 UT WOS:A1997XE00600008 PM 9194984 ER PT J AU Lo, IK Chang, YC Weng, HM Chiang, JC Mitchel, WC AF Lo, IK Chang, YC Weng, HM Chiang, JC Mitchel, WC TI Two-dimensional electron gas in delta-doped double quantum wells for photodetector application SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE MASS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TRANSISTOR; SUBBAND AB The two-dimensional electron gas in delta-doped double quantum wells has been studied by using the Shubnikov-de Haas measurement, It was discovered that the delta-doping layer at the central barrier is able to prevent the electron coupling in the two wells and that the persistent photoconductivity can be reduced due to the thinner barrier. A delta-doped multiple quantum well structure for photodetector application was also proposed. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Lo, IK (reprint author), NATL SUN YAT SEN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,KAOHSIUNG 80424,TAIWAN. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 1997 VL 81 IS 12 BP 8112 EP 8114 DI 10.1063/1.365372 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XF588 UT WOS:A1997XF58800061 ER PT J AU Sullivan, JM Hubbard, JE Burke, SE AF Sullivan, JM Hubbard, JE Burke, SE TI Distributed sensor/actuator design for plates: Spatial shape and shading as design parameters SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID SENSORS; ACTUATORS AB This paper will discuss two-dimensional distributed transducer shape and shading and their implications for the active control of plates. Two-dimensional transducer shaping is shown to be a useful design tool for the control problem. In addition, transducer shaping can be combined with gain-weighting to provide close approximation of continuously shaded transducer distributions. An optimization method is described which can be used to fit the approximation to a continuous distribution. The analysis is applied to two examples of transducers used to control a rectangular, simply-supported plate. The first relies on shaping alone and is shown to spatially filter out the even-even modes. The second was developed using the optimization technique and is shown to provide ''all-mode'' controllability and observability. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 BOSTON UNIV,CTR PHOTON RES,BOSTON,MA 02215. RP Sullivan, JM (reprint author), USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,PL VTV,3550 ABERDEEN AVE SE,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117, USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JUN 12 PY 1997 VL 203 IS 3 BP 473 EP 493 DI 10.1006/jsvi.1996.0877 PG 21 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA XE205 UT WOS:A1997XE20500008 ER PT J AU Dayton, D Gonglewski, J Rogers, S AF Dayton, D Gonglewski, J Rogers, S TI Experimental measurements of estimator bias and the signal-to-noise ratio for deconvolution from wave-front sensing SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REFERENCED SPECKLE-HOLOGRAPHY; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION AB Deconvolution from wave-front sensing (DWFS) has been proposed as a method for achieving high-resolution images of astronomical objects from ground-based telescopes. The technique consists of the simultaneous measurement of a short-exposure focal-plane speckled image, as well as the wave front, by use of a Shack-Hartmann sensor placed at the pupil plane. In early studies it was suspected that some problems would occur in poor seeing conditions; however, it was usually assumed that the technique would work well as long as the wave-front sensor subaperture spacing was less than r(0) (L/r(0) < 1). Atmosphere-induced phase errors in the pupil of a telescope imaging system produce both phase errors and magnitude errors in the effective short-exposure optical transfer function (OTF) of the system. Recently it has been shown that the commonly used estimator for this technique produces biased estimates of the magnitude errors. The significance of this bias problem is that one cannot properly estimate or correct for the frame-to-frame fluctuations in the magnitude of the OTF but can do so only for fluctuations in the phase. An auxiliary estimate must also be used to correct for the mean value of the magnitude error. The inability to compensate for the magnitude fluctuations results in a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is less favorable for the technique than was previously thought. In some situations simpler techniques, such as the Knox-Thompson and bispectrum methods, which require only speckle gram data from the focal plane of the imaging system, can produce better results. We present experimental measurements based on observations of bright stars and the Jovian moon Ganymede that confirm previous theoretical predictions. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF,PHILLIPS LAB,ADV IMAGING BRANCH,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. WILLOW SYST LTD,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87123. RP Dayton, D (reprint author), APPL TECHNOL ASSOCIATES,1900 RANDOLPH SE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 10 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 17 BP 3895 EP 3903 DI 10.1364/AO.36.003895 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA XC808 UT WOS:A1997XC80800007 PM 18253416 ER PT J AU Mahalingam, K Dorsey, DL Evans, KR Venkat, R AF Mahalingam, K Dorsey, DL Evans, KR Venkat, R TI The origin of gallium desorption transients during AlGaAs/GaAs heterointerface formation by molecular beam epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURES; GROWTH; (AL,GA)AS; MBE AB A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to investigate the Ga desorption behavior at AlGaAs/GaAs heterointerfaces during growth by molecular beam epitaxy. The transients in Ga desorption rate upon opening/closing the Al shutter arise due to both the change in V/III flux ratio and the Al-Ga surface exchange mechanism. It is shown that the desired ''steplike'' variation in Ga desorption rate at each interface can be attained by a growth procedure employing a constant V/III flux ratio. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF,WRIGHT LAB,SOLID STATE ELECT DIRECTORATE,AADP,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT ELECT ENGN,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. RP Mahalingam, K (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MAT DIRECTORATE,MLPO,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 9 PY 1997 VL 70 IS 23 BP 3143 EP 3145 DI 10.1063/1.119115 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA XD343 UT WOS:A1997XD34300026 ER PT J AU DeJong, MJ AF DeJong, MJ TI Cardiogenic shock - Changes in vital signs may signal impending circulatory collapse. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING LA English DT Article RP DeJong, MJ (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,CORONARY CARE UNIT,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0002-936X J9 AM J NURS JI Am. J. Nurs. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 97 IS 6 BP 40 EP 41 PG 2 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA XC761 UT WOS:A1997XC76100024 PM 9197817 ER PT J AU Dudley, SC Heerema, BD Haaland, RK AF Dudley, SC Heerema, BD Haaland, RK TI The human discharge chain SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The common classroom demonstration of a human chain, charged by a Van de Graaff generator, and then discharged via the person at the end of the chain touching ground, is analyzed as a capacitor and resistor circuit model. The energy deposited in each person in the chain is determined. Further, the effect of increasing energy deposited in the person who touched ground, as the number of people in the chain is increased, is shown and quantified. (C) 1997 American Association of Physics Teachers. RP Dudley, SC (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DEPT PHYS,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 65 IS 6 BP 553 EP 555 DI 10.1119/1.18595 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA XB109 UT WOS:A1997XB10900023 ER PT J AU Herman, NL Calicott, R VanDecar, TK Conlin, G Tilton, J AF Herman, NL Calicott, R VanDecar, TK Conlin, G Tilton, J TI Determination of the dose-response relationship for intrathecal sufentanil in laboring patients SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-of-Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting CY OCT 15-19, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Anesthesiologists ID ANALGESIA; EPINEPHRINE; FENTANYL; MORPHINE AB Multiple studies have investigated the efficacy of intrathecal opioids, particularly sufentanil, in laboring parturients. However, until the important pharmacological indices of the 50% and 95% effective doses (ED50 and ED95, respectively) are defined, reliable comparative studies among drugs at equipotent doses cannot be performed. This study was performed to establish the dose-response relationship of intrathecal sufentanil analgesia in labor. Sixty parturients presenting in active labor received intrathecal sufentanil 2.5 (n = 10), 5.0 (n = 10), 7.5 (n = 10), 10.0 (n = 10), 12.5 (n = 10), or 15.0 (n = 10) mu g in a blind, randomized fashion. Patient 100-mm visual analog pain scale (VAS) scores, fetal heart rate (FHR), blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded at 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min after administration of sufentanil and then again when the patient requested additional analgesia. Absolute VAS less than or equal to 25 mm was considered an analgesic success. Percent responders was used to construct a dose-response curve and calculate ED50 and ED95. The ED50 and ED95 for intrathecal sufentanil in laboring parturients were 2.6 (1.8-3.2, 95% confidence interval) and 8.9 (7.5-11.5) mu g, respectively. There was a trend toward increasing analgesic duration with increasing sufentanil dose. The maternal side effect profile was not different among groups. FHR did not appreciably change for any group or individual studied. Assisted delivery and cesarean section rates were similar for all groups. Intrathecal sufentanil provides rapid onset of analgesia for labor. The ED50 and ED95 values established in this study should help to provide benchmarks both for the safe clinical use of intrathecal sufentanil for labor and for future comparison studies with other intrathecal analgesic techniques. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. RP Herman, NL (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK HOSP,COLL MED,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,CORNELL MED CTR,LASDON 208,BOX 50,NEW YORK,NY 10021, USA. NR 18 TC 57 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1256 EP 1261 DI 10.1097/00000539-199706000-00016 PG 6 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA XB414 UT WOS:A1997XB41400016 PM 9174303 ER PT J AU Taylor, JR Lester, M Yeoman, TK Emery, BA Knipp, DJ Orr, D Solovyev, SI Hughes, TJ Luhr, H AF Taylor, JR Lester, M Yeoman, TK Emery, BA Knipp, DJ Orr, D Solovyev, SI Hughes, TJ Luhr, H TI The response of the magnetosphere to the passage of a coronal mass ejection on March 20-21 1990 SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE-ATMOSPHERES HYDROSPHERES AND SPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LATITUDE DAYSIDE IONOSPHERE; POLARIZATION PATTERNS; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; STORM; CONVECTION; SUBSTORMS; MODEL; IMF; EXCITATION; PULSATIONS AB The geomagnetic response to the passage of a coronal mass ejection (CME) is studied. The passage of the CME resulted in a storm sudden commencement (SSC) at 2243 UT on March 20 1990 with disturbed magnetic activity during the following 24 h. The auroral, sub-auroral and equatorial magnetic response to the southward turning at 1314 (+/-5) UT on March 21 and the equatorial response to the southward turning associated with the SSC on 20 March are discussed in terms of existing models. It is found that the auroral and sub-auroral response to the southward turning associated with the SSC is a factor 2 or more quicker than normal due to the shock in the solar wind dynamic pressure. The low-latitude response time to the southward turning, characterised by Dst and the magnetopause current corrected Dst*, is unaffected by the shock. Dst and Dst*, characteristic of the equatorial magnetic field, responded to the 1314 (+/-5) UT southward turning prior to the first observed substorm expansion phase onset, suggesting that a dayside loading process was responsible for the initial enhancement in the ring current rather than nightside particle injection. The response time of the auroral and sub-auroral magnetic field to the southward turning at 1314 (+/-5) UT on March 21 is measured at a variety of longitudes and latitudes. The azimuthal propagation velocity of the response to the southward turning varied considerably with latitude, ranging from similar to 8 km s(-1) at 67 degrees N to similar to 4 km s(-1) at 55 degrees N. The southward velocity of the equatorward boundary of the northern polar convection pattern has been measured. This velocity was similar to 1.2 km s(-1) at 1600 MLT, although there was evidence that this may vary at different local times. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, HIGH ALTITUDE OBSERV, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. US AIRFORCE ACAD, DEPT PHYS, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80903 USA. UNIV YORK, DEPT PHYS, YORK YO1 5DD, N YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. INST COSMOPHYS RES & AERON, YAKUTSK 677891, RUSSIA. NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA, HERZBERG INST ASTROPHYS, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA. TECH UNIV CAROLO WILHELMINA BRAUNSCHWEIG, INST GEOPHYS & METEOROL, D-38106 BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY. RP UNIV LEICESTER, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, UNIV RD, LEICESTER LE1 7RH, LEICS, ENGLAND. RI Yeoman, Timothy/L-9105-2014 OI Yeoman, Timothy/0000-0002-8434-4825 NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-ATM HYDR JI Ann. Geophys.-Atmos. Hydrospheres Space Sci. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 671 EP 684 DI 10.1007/s00585-997-0671-4 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XG445 UT WOS:A1997XG44500009 ER PT J AU Freeman, TM AF Freeman, TM TI Immunotherapy for allergy to fire ant venom SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Freeman, TM (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,ALLERGY IMMUNOL DEPT,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 78 IS 6 BP 602 EP 602 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA XF471 UT WOS:A1997XF47100013 PM 9207727 ER PT J AU Warner, BA AF Warner, BA TI Thoughts and considerations on modeling coronary bypass surgery risk SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID REGRESSION RP Warner, BA (reprint author), USAF ACAD,DFMS,HQ,2354 FAIRCHILD DR,SUITE 6D2A,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 63 IS 6 BP 1529 EP 1530 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA XH230 UT WOS:A1997XH23000002 PM 9205143 ER PT J AU Holloway, PH Kim, TJ Trexler, JT Miller, S Fijol, JJ Lampert, WV Haas, TW AF Holloway, PH Kim, TJ Trexler, JT Miller, S Fijol, JJ Lampert, WV Haas, TW TI Interfacial reactions in the formation of ohmic contacts to wide bandgap semiconductors SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on the Control of Semiconductor Interfaces (ISCSI-2) CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 1996 CL KARUIZAWA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Promot Sci DE Ohmic contacts; widegap semiconductor; GaN; ZnSe ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; N-GAAS; ZNSE; GE; REGROWTH; GAN; PASSIVATION; TRANSISTOR AB The influence of interfacial reactions on the formation of ohmic contacts to GaAs, ZnSe and GaN based semiconductor layers is reviewed. In the case of semiconductors whose Fermi levels are not pinned (ZnSe and GaN). disruption of interfacial contamination lavers is critical during the interfacial reaction step. Tn these cases, interfacial phase formation appears to be detrimental to the contact properties. In GaAs where the Fermi level is pinned near midgap, interfacial reactions which consist of dissociation of the GaAs lattice and regrowth of this lattice in the presence of a dopant, are critical to successful formation of the ohmic contact. Dopant incorporation during GaAs regrowth leads to a heavily doped surface laver, char,ae transport across the interface by thermionic field emission,and ohmic behavior with a low specific contact resistance. The most difficult contacts to form are those to p-type ZnSe and GaN since the top of the valence band is at too low an energy to match with the work function of any known metal or compound. To date no metallization scheme has been identified which will lead to lattice reactions with ZnSe or GaN and yield a p(++) surface layer and subsequent ohmic contact formation. C1 USAF, WRIGHT LAB, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. NR 60 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 EI 1873-5584 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 117 BP 362 EP 372 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(97)80109-2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA XF097 UT WOS:A1997XF09700068 ER PT J AU Miller, MD Olszewski, AD AF Miller, MD Olszewski, AD TI Cruciate ligament graft intra-articular distances SO ARTHROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE anterior/posterior cruciate ligament; knee; reconstruction; graft ID TIBIAL TUNNEL PLACEMENT; RECONSTRUCTION; INJURIES AB Although the length of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments have been well characterized in the literature, we are not aware of any studies of the actual length of grafts used in reconstruction of these ligaments. We dissected and measured these distances for 18 cadaver knees of varying size and sex. The precise location of ideal guide pin placement was located based on current recommendations, and the intra-articular graft length was measured with a micrometer by two separate observers. We found that the average intra-articular graft length for the anterior cruciate ligament is 23.56 mm (SD, 0.98 mm), the posterior cruciate ligament is 30.72 mm (SD, 2.61 mm) and the patella tendon graft intertendinous distance is 43.33 mm (SD, 4.21 mm). We conclude that the intra-articular distance for cruciate ligament grafts is less than published values for the ligaments themselves, and that the patella tendon graft is of adequate length to be used for reconstruction of these ligaments. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USAF MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX. RP Miller, MD (reprint author), USAF ACAD,10 MDG,SGOSO,4102 PINION DR,SUITE 100,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD JUN PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 291 EP 295 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA XE070 UT WOS:A1997XE07000002 PM 9195023 ER PT J AU Patterson, FR Cacioppo, AJ Gallimore, JJ Hinman, GE Nalepka, JP AF Patterson, FR Cacioppo, AJ Gallimore, JJ Hinman, GE Nalepka, JP TI Aviation spatial orientation in relationship to head position and attitude interpretation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STATES-AIR-FORCE; 3-DIMENSIONAL SPACE; DISORIENTATION AB Background: Conventional wisdom describing aviation spatial awareness assumes that pilots view a moving horizon through the windscreen. This assumption presupposes head alignment with the cockpit ''Z'' axis during both visual (VMC) and instrument (IMC) maneuvers. Even though this visual paradigm is widely accepted, its accuracy has not been verified. The purpose of this research was to determine if a visually induced neck reflex causes pilots to align their heads toward the horizon, rather than the cockpit vertical axis. Hypothesis: Based on literature describing reflexive head orientation in terrestrial environments it was hypothesized that during simulated VMC aircraft maneuvers, pilots would align their heads toward the horizon. Methods: Some 14 military pilots completed two simulated flights in a stationary dome simulator. The flight profile consisted of five separate tasks, lour of which evaluated head tilt during exposure to unique visual conditions and one examined occurrences of disorientation during unusual attitude recovery. Results: During simulated visual flight maneuvers, pilots tilted their heads toward the horizon (p < 0.0001). Under IMC, pilots maintained head alignment with the vertical axis of the aircraft. Conclusion: During VMC maneuvers pilots reflexively tilt their heads toward the horizon, away from the Ct axis of the cockpit. Presumably, this behavior stabilizes the retinal image of the horizon (1 degrees visual-spatial cue), against which peripheral images of the cockpit (2 degrees visual-spatial cue) appear to move. Spatial disorientation, airsickness, and control reversal error may be related to shifts in visual-vestibular sensory alignment during visual transitions between VMC (head tilt) and IMC (Ct head stabilized) conditions. C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOMED & HUMAN FACTORS ENGN,DAYTON,OH 45435. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FIGD,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 68 IS 6 BP 463 EP 471 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA XC764 UT WOS:A1997XC76400001 PM 9184732 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Cacioppo, AJ Hinman, GE AF Smith, DR Cacioppo, AJ Hinman, GE TI Aviation spatial orientation in relationship to head position, altitude interpretation, and control SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Introduction: Recently, a visually driven neck reflex was identified as causing head tilt toward the horizon during VMC flight. ii this is the case, then pilots orient about a fixed rather than moving horizon, implying current attitude instruments inaccurately present spatial information. The purpose of this study was to determine if the opto-kinetic cervical neck reflex has an effect dependent on passive (autopilot) or active control of the aircraft. Further, findings could help determine ii the opto-kinetic cervical reflex is characteristic of other flight crewmembers. Methods: There were 16 military pilots who flew two 13-min VMC low-level routes in a large dome flight simulator. Head position in relation to aircraft bank angle was recorded by a head tracker device. During one low-level route, the pilot had a supervisory role as the autopilot flew the aircraft (passive). The other route was flown manually by the pilot (active). Results: Pilots consistently tilted the head to maintain alignment with the horizon. Similar head tilt angles were found in both the active and passive flight phases. However, head tilt had a faster onset rate in the passive condition. Conclusion: Results indicate the opto-kinetic cervical reflex affects pilots while actively flying or in a supervisory role as the autopilot flies. The consistent head tilt angles in both conditions should be considered in attitude indicator, HUD,and HMD designs; Further, results seem to indicate that non-pilot flight crewmembers are affected by the opto-kinetic cervical reflex which should be considered in spatial disorientation and airsickness discussions. C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOMED & HUMAN FACTORS ENGN,DAYTON,OH 45435. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,FLUID DYNAM DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. USAF ACAD,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 68 IS 6 BP 472 EP 478 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA XC764 UT WOS:A1997XC76400002 PM 9184733 ER PT J AU Benline, TA French, J AF Benline, TA French, J TI Anti-emetic drug effects on cognitive and psychomotor performance: Granisetron vs. ondansetron SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-INDUCED EMESIS; 5-HT3 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; PSYCHOMETRIC PERFORMANCE; CLINICAL-PHARMACOLOGY; CANCER THERAPY; COMBINATION; HALOPERIDOL AB The central objectives of this study were to evaluate the cognitive, psychomotor and subjective effects of two anti-emetic drugs of established value in the prophylaxis of radiation induced nausea and vomiting. The drugs of interest were granisetron (Kytril(R), SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA; 1 mg tablets/2 mg dose) and ondansetron (Zofran(R), Glaxo Welcome, inc., Research Triangle Park, NC; 8 mg tablets/8 mg dose). The experimental approach, involving 24 active-duty military subjects, was a placebo controlled, double blind, crossover design with a positive control (prochlorperazine, 10 mg tablets/10 mg dose) condition. Testing was accomplished during the evening and early morning hours, between 1630 hours and 0230 hours; Therefore, fatigue stemming from an extended work period and a disrupted work/rest cycle was also part of the study design. Data were collected on the following: cognitive and psychomotor effects, affective state changes, temperature, serum drug levels, and side effects. The drugs of interest, granisetron and ondansetron, were extremely well tolerated, with no obvious side effects when compared to the placebo condition. Two Of five cognitive tests detected a positive control effect and nearly all of the measurement instruments demonstrated a general fatigue effect, independent of the drug. there was no evidence of any cognitive, psychomotor or subjective state changes caused by either granisetron or ondansetron. It was concluded the anti-emetic drugs, granisetron or ondansetron, would not interfere with performance when given prophylactically to personnel at risk of exposure to radiation. C1 SYST RES LABS INC,DAYTON,OH 45440. ARMSTRONG LAB,CREW TECHNOL DIV,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 68 IS 6 BP 504 EP 511 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA XC764 UT WOS:A1997XC76400007 PM 9184738 ER PT J AU Heaps, CL Fischer, MD Hill, RC AF Heaps, CL Fischer, MD Hill, RC TI Female acceleration tolerance: Effects of menstrual state and physical condition SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GZ TOLERANCE; STRENGTH AB Introduction: The literature contains a paucity of information on female tolerance to high sustained acceleration. With women now flying high-performance aircraft, gender-specific factors that may affect female acceleration tolerance have become increasingly important. The purpose of this investigation was to determine how menstrual state and physical condition affect acceleration tolerance. We hypothesized the menstrual cycle would have no effect on acceleration tolerance and that a positive correlation would exist between physical fitness level and tolerance to high sustained acceleration. Methods: Centrifuge exposures on 8 female subjects consisted of a relaxed gradual-onset run (0.1 G.s(-1)) to the visual endpoint, a rapid-onset run (6 G.s(-1)) to +5 Gz for 15 s, and a +4.5 to +7 Ct simulated aerial combat maneuver (SACM) to physical exhaustion. Acceleration tolerance data were collected at onset of menstruation and 1, 2 and 3 weeks following the onset for two complete menstrual cycles. On separate days, body composition, anaerobic power output and peak oxygen uptake were determined. Retrospective data from 10 male subjects who had performed the +4.5 to +7 Ct SACM were analyzed and compared to these data. Results: Analysis of variance revealed no significant difference in relaxed tolerance or SACM duration between the four selected menstrual cycle time points. Time-to-fatigue on the +4.5 to +7 Ct SACM was positively (p less than or equal to 0.05) correlated with absolute fat-free mass (r = 0.87) and anaerobic power production (r = 0.76) in female subjects. However, when these variables were adjusted for total body mass, the significant correlations no longer existed. No correlation was found between SACM duration and absolute (L.min(-1)) nor relative (ml.kg(-1).min(-1)) aerobic fitness. Time-to-fatigue during the SACM was not significantly different between male and female subjects (250 +/- 97 and 246 +/- 149 s, respectively). C1 USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 68 IS 6 BP 525 EP 530 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA XC764 UT WOS:A1997XC76400010 PM 9184741 ER PT J AU Mork, MR AF Mork, MR TI Forum for leadership in preventive medicine: Impact on the specialty of aerospace medicine SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material AB Background: The American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM) has just published The Specialty of Preventive Medicine: Leadership in Medicine for the 21st Century (Forum Report). The Forum Report summarizes a 3-yr effort by leaders of the ACPM, American Board of Preventive Medicine (ABPM), professional organizations, residency training programs, and residents-in-training to examine the critical issues facing the specialty of Preventive Medicine (PM) and to develop a vision and strategies for the future. The Forum Report could have profound repercussions on the specialty of Aerospace Medicine (ASM). Methods: The author reviewed the history behind the development of the Forum Report and assessed the Report's recommendations with respect to their possible ramifications on the specialty of ASM. Results: The Forum Report includes 34 recommendations to enhance the specialty of PM. Of most interest to the ASM community is the Forum's conclusion that the most critical issue facing PM is unification of the specialty. it recommends, therefore, that the ABPM establish PM certification for all individuals at the end of the practicum year, with area certification [Occupational Medicine (OM), General Preventive Medicine/Public Health (GPM/PH), and ASM] occurring only after more specialized training and practice. Discussion: The ASM community needs to be aware of the Forum Report's recommendations and enter the debate on the viability of the specialty of ASM. The Aerospace Medical Association should take the lead in this effort. C1 USAF, SCH AEROSP MED, DEPT AEROSP MED, BROOKS AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Mork, MR (reprint author), USAF, SCH AEROSP MED,MC,CFS,AF, 2602 W GATE RD, BROOKS AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 68 IS 6 BP 542 EP 544 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA XC764 UT WOS:A1997XC76400013 PM 9184744 ER PT J AU Bostwick, JM AF Bostwick, JM TI Clinical and social realities - Kaplan,DM SO BULLETIN OF THE MENNINGER CLINIC LA English DT Book Review RP Bostwick, JM (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MENNINGER FOUNDATION PI TOPEKA PA BOX 829, TOPEKA, KS 66601 SN 0025-9284 J9 B MENNINGER CLIN JI Bull. Menninger Clin. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 388 EP 389 PG 2 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA XP110 UT WOS:A1997XP11000010 ER PT J AU Harris, GA Carell, ES AF Harris, GA Carell, ES TI Placement of peripherally inserted central catheters in the cardiac catheterization laboratory SO CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSIS LA English DT Article DE catheters; indwelling; phlebography; ultrasound; interventional AB This report describes our experiences with three patients requiring several weeks of central venous access for various intravenous therapies. These particular patients posed a considerable challenge for bedside placement of a peripherally inserted central catheter, so the catheters were placed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory by the cardiology team involved using a different technique for each patient. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT CARDIOL,PSMC,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0098-6569 J9 CATHETER CARDIO DIAG JI Catheter. Cardiovasc. Diagn. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 189 EP 191 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XC517 UT WOS:A1997XC51700018 PM 9184295 ER PT J AU Dennis, ST AF Dennis, ST TI A Galerkin solution to geometrically nonlinear laminated shallow shell equations SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID HIGHER-ORDER THEORY; CYLINDRICAL-SHELLS; DEFORMATION-THEORY; COMPOSITE PLATES; TRANSVERSE-SHEAR; ELEMENT; DISPLACEMENT; VIBRATION; STRAINS; PANELS AB A laminated shallow shell approach for circular cylindrical panels that includes von Karman geometric nonlinearity and parabolic transverse shear deformation is posed in differential operator form. Trigonometric series are assumed for each of the five shell displacement degrees of freedom for the subsequent nonlinear Galerkin solution resulting in 5n(2) simultaneous algebraic equations where n is the number of displacement terms assumed in the series. The responses of several laminate geometries subjected to transverse loadings are found. Thicker plates and shells generally exhibit more flexible nondimensional response compared to thinner geometries in both linear and nonlinear analyses. The nondimensional shell response is examined by using the Batdorf-Stein shell parameter for laminated constructions. Quasi-isotropic shallow shells undergo significant transverse shear flexibility in the thicker geometries as given by the nondimensional shell crown deflection. However, the nondimensional crown deflection in the deeper shell response is not much influenced by shell thickness. For flat plates, geometric nonlinearity lessens the influence of transverse shear flexibility when compared to linear solutions due to membrane stretching resistance. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP USAF ACAD, DEPT MECH ENGN, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80840 USA. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 EI 1879-2243 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 63 IS 5 BP 859 EP 874 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(96)00380-X PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA WT941 UT WOS:A1997WT94100001 ER PT J AU Fort, P Farmer, C Westerman, J Johannigman, J Beninati, W Dolan, S Derdak, S AF Fort, P Farmer, C Westerman, J Johannigman, J Beninati, W Dolan, S Derdak, S TI High-frequency oscillatory ventilation for adult respiratory distress syndrome - A pilot study SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE high-frequency ventilation; adult respiratory distress syndrome; high frequency oscillation ID EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE-OXYGENATION; POSITIVE-PRESSURE VENTILATION; INVERSE RATIO VENTILATION; END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; LUNG INJURY; CONVENTIONAL VENTILATION; PULMONARY-EDEMA; AIRWAY PRESSURE; CO2 REMOVAL; FAILURE AB Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation using a protocol designed to recruit and maintain optimal lung volume in patients with severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Setting: Surgical and medical intensive care units in a tertiary care, military teaching hospital. Design: A prospective, clinical study. Patients: Seventeen patients, 17 yrs to 83 yrs of age, with severe ARDS (Lung Injury Score of 3.81 +/- 0.23) failing inverse ratio mechanical conventional ventilation (Pao(2)/Fio(2) ratio of 68.6 +/- 21.6, peak inspiratory pressure of 54.3 +/- 12.7 cm H2O, positive end- expiratory pressure of 18.2 +/- 6.9 cm H2O). Interventions: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation was instituted after varying periods of conventional ventilation (5.12 +/- 4.3 days). We employed a lung volume recruitment strategy that consisted of incremental increases in mean airway pressure to achieve a Pao(2) of >60 torr (>8.0 kPa), with an Fio(2) of <0.6. Measurements and Main Results: High frequency oscillator ventilator settings (Fio(2), mean airway pressure, pressure amplitude of oscillation [Delta P] frequency) and hemodynamic parameters (cardiac output, oxygen delivery [Do(2)]), mean systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, and the oxygenation index (oxygenation index = [Fio(2) x mean airway pressure x 100]/Pao(2)) were monitored during the transition to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and throughout the course of the high-frequency protocol. Thirteen patients demonstrated improved gas exchange and an overall improvement in Pao(2)/Fio(2) ratio (p < .02). Reductions in the oxygenation index (p < .01) and Fio(2) (p < .02) at 12, 24, and 48 hrs after starting high frequency oscillatory ventilation were observed. No significant compromise in cardiac output or Do(2) was observed, despite a significant increase in mean airway pressure (31.2 +/- 10.3 to 34.0 +/- 6.7 cm H2O, p < .05) on high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. The overall survival rate at 30 days was 47%. A greater number of pretreatment days on conventional ventilation (p < .009) and an entry oxygenation index of >47 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%) were associated with mortality. Conclusions: High frequency oscillatory ventilation is both safe and effective in adult patients with severe ARDs failing conventional ventilation. A lung volume recruitment strategy during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation produced improved gas exchange without a compromise in Do(2). These results are encouraging and support the need for a prospective, randomized trial of algorithm-controlled conventional ventilation vs. high frequency oscillatory ventilation for adults with severe ARDS. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PULM CRIT CARE MED,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT SURG,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. NR 47 TC 170 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 25 IS 6 BP 937 EP 947 DI 10.1097/00003246-199706000-00008 PG 11 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA XF524 UT WOS:A1997XF52400008 PM 9201044 ER PT J AU Weinstock, H AF Weinstock, H TI The Nobel Prize in Physics for 1996: A personal perspective SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Letter RP Weinstock, H (reprint author), USAF,OFF SCI RES,BOLLING AFB,DC 20332, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD JUN PY 1997 VL 37 IS 6 BP 335 EP 337 DI 10.1016/S0011-2275(97)00040-4 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA XG618 UT WOS:A1997XG61800009 ER PT J AU Johnston, KA Grimwood, RE Meffert, JJ Deering, KC AF Johnston, KA Grimwood, RE Meffert, JJ Deering, KC TI Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia: An evolving presentation SO CUTIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Dermatology CY FEB 10-15, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Acad Dermatol AB Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia is a progressive and destructive process that is often confused both clinically and histologically with other granulomatous and xanthomatous entities, It was first described by Kossard and Winkelmann in 1980, Prior to this, the entity was reported under a variety of names such as atypical multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with paraproteinemia,(1,2) atypical xanthoma disseminatum,(1,2) and atypical necrobiosis lipoidica.(1,2) A 69-year-old woman experienced slightly pruritic and painful papules, plaques, and nodules, Initial biopsy specimens showed a granulomatous process consistent with granuloma annulare, Later biopsy specimens demonstrated histologic changes indicative of necrobiosis lipoidica, The most recent histologic findings are those of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, with results of laboratory studies revealing a coexistent IgG kappa paraproteinemia. Patients with necrobiotic xanthogranuloma who demonstrate a benign monoclonal proteinemia and are evaluated for several years show a 9 to 11 percent risk of myeloma, amyloidosis, or macroglobulinemia.(1) Multiple treatment regimens have been attempted, none of which are curative, We propose that this entity may be part of an evolutionary process that may start as a granulomatous entity and culminate in a xanthogranulomatous process with an accompanying paraproteinemia. RP Johnston, KA (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR PSMD,DEPT DERMATOL,2200 BERGQUIST DR,SUITE 1,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 5 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUN PY 1997 VL 59 IS 6 BP 333 EP 336 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA XH492 UT WOS:A1997XH49200010 PM 9218893 ER PT J AU Mark, E AF Mark, E TI The war scare of 1946 and its consequences SO DIPLOMATIC HISTORY LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; COLD-WAR; DIPLOMACY RP Mark, E (reprint author), USAF,HIST SUPPORT OFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20330, USA. NR 114 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02148-5023 SN 0145-2096 J9 DIPLOMATIC HIST JI Dipl. Hist. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 21 IS 3 BP 383 EP 415 DI 10.1111/1467-7709.00078 PG 33 WC History SC History GA XD999 UT WOS:A1997XD99900003 ER PT J AU Aktas, O Fan, ZF Botchkarev, A Mohammad, SN Roth, M Jenkins, T Kehias, L Morkoc, H AF Aktas, O Fan, ZF Botchkarev, A Mohammad, SN Roth, M Jenkins, T Kehias, L Morkoc, H TI Microwave performance of AlGaN/GaN inverted MODFET's SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NITRIDE; FIELD; GAN AB A continuous wave output power of 1.5 W/mm with a power added efficiency of 17.5% has been achieved at 4 GHz in inverted AlGaN/GaN MODFET's (IMODFET's) with 2 mu m gate lengths and 78 mu m gate widths, The current gain and available power gain cutoff frequencies were 6 and 11 GHz, respectively. We suggest that the input characteristics of GaN-based FET's play an important role in the output power that can be obtained, In the present devices, high transconductance, 100 mS/mm, retained over a 5 V input swing is thought to alleviate the limitations imposed by the input characteristics. Moreover, the buried AlGaN buffer layer is suggested as having assisted in the reduction of the output conductance which aides the power gain. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,POOD,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. USAF,WRIGHT LAB,AADD,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. RP Aktas, O (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,MAT RES LAB,COORDINATED SCI LAB,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 19 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 18 IS 6 BP 293 EP 295 DI 10.1109/55.585363 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XA743 UT WOS:A1997XA74300018 ER PT J AU Haupt, RL AF Haupt, RL TI Phase-only adaptive nulling with a genetic algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithms; phased arrays ID PERTURBATION AB This paper describes a new approach to adaptive phase-only nulling with phased arrays, A genetic algorithm adjusts some of the least significant bits of the beam steering phase shifters to minimize the total output power, Using small adaptive phase values results in minor deviations in the beam steering direction and small perturbations in the sidelobe level in addition to constraining the search space of the genetic algorithm, Various results are presented to show the advantages and limitations of this approach, In general, the genetic algorithm proves to be better than previous phase-only adaptive algorithms. RP Haupt, RL (reprint author), USAF ACAD,HQ USAFA,DFEE,DEPT AIR FORCE,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO 80840, USA. NR 14 TC 183 Z9 191 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1009 EP 1015 DI 10.1109/8.585749 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA XD852 UT WOS:A1997XD85200012 ER PT J AU Moser, EK Naishadham, K AF Moser, EK Naishadham, K TI Dielectric resonators as microwave characterization tools SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 25-30, 1996 CL PITTSBURGH, PA AB Dielectric resonators, formed by sandwiching a cylindrical piece of polished dielectric material (sapphire) between two planar endplates, offer an attractive platform for microwave testing of HTS films, Each resonator is tested as a two-port system, by exciting and detecting the modal fields with loop-terminated coaxial cables, The observed quality factor of the resonator is a gauge of the surface resistance of the endplates, We discuss utilization of this method as a tool for testing similar to 1 cm(2) areas, at frequencies in the 20-40 GHz range, and at cryogenic temperatures, using field analysis to explore trade-offs involving cylinder geometry, field confinement, and miniaturization. An improved method for analyzing two-port data eases the difficulties associated with testing the resonator in a cryogenic environment. C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN,DAYTON,OH 45435. RP Moser, EK (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,MLPO,MAT DIRECTORATE,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 2 BP 2018 EP 2021 DI 10.1109/77.620986 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA XH866 UT WOS:A1997XH86600223 ER PT J AU Yukon, SP Lin, NCH AF Yukon, SP Lin, NCH TI Generation of mode locked pulses using 2D triangular Josephson junction arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 25-30, 1996 CL PITTSBURGH, PA AB We have numerically investigated the behavior of 2D triangular Josephson junction arrays (TJJA's) employed as rf sources. Each array is driven by (vertical) DC forcing currents at a carrier frequency omega(0) and the rf output of each horizontal array junction is assumed to be coupled to an antenna and quasi optically summed in the far field. By superimposing (vertical) differential forcing currents that have constant increments from row to row, or that are applied to the outermost columns of the array, it is possible to, respectively create mode-locked pulses above the array or steer the antenna array beam. By breaking the symmetry of the array from row to row it is possible to phase lock the array to create a monochromatic source. C1 ARCON CORP,WALTHAM,MA 02154. RP Yukon, SP (reprint author), USAF,ROME LAB,ELECTROMAGNET DIRECTORATE,HANSCOM AFB,MA 01731, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 2 BP 3115 EP 3121 DI 10.1109/77.621992 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA XH867 UT WOS:A1997XH86700206 ER PT J AU Willits, CJ Dietz, DC Moore, AH AF Willits, CJ Dietz, DC Moore, AH TI Series-system reliability-estimation using very small binomial samples SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE series-system reliability; Bayes inference; confidence limit; credibility limit; binomial test data; Monte Carlo; Lindstrom-Madden AB This investigation explored the effect of incorporating prior information into series-system reliability estimates, where the inferences are made using very small sets (less than 10 observations) of binomial test-data. To capture this effect, the performance of a set of Bayes interval estimators was compared to that of a set of classical estimators over a wide range of subsystem beta prior-distribution parameters. During a Monte Carlo simulation, the Bayes estimators tended to provide shorter interval estimates when the mean of the prior system-reliability differed from the true reliability by 20 percent or less, but the classical estimators dominated when the difference was greater. Based on these results, we conclude that there is no clear advantage to using Bayes interval estimation for sample sizes less than 10 unless the prior mean system reliability is believed to be within 20 percent of the true system reliability. Otherwise, the Lindstrom-Madden estimator, a useful classical alternative for very small samples, should be used. RP Willits, CJ (reprint author), USAF, INST TECHNOL, ENS BLDG 640, 2950 P ST, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9529 EI 1558-1721 J9 IEEE T RELIAB JI IEEE Trans. Reliab. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 46 IS 2 BP 296 EP 302 DI 10.1109/24.589960 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA XK760 UT WOS:A1997XK76000024 ER PT J AU Jackson, AG Ohmer, MC LeClair, SR AF Jackson, AG Ohmer, MC LeClair, SR TI Relationship of the second order nonlinear optical coefficient to energy gap in inorganic non-centrosymmetric crystals SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonlinear optical properties; energy gap; optical parametric oscillator; second harmonic generation; inorganic compounds ID TERNARY CHALCOPYRITE SEMICONDUCTORS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; ALLOYS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENERATION; CUINSE2; CUGAS2; ZNGEP2 AB Second order nonlinear optical coefficient and energy gap data collected from the literature have been classified and are organized by plotting their respective values, The two-dimensional plots indicate that both large energy gap and small X-(2) and small energy gap and large X(2) are highly correlated. It was found that a single power law expression cannot represent the data well for energy gaps over the entire range from 0 to 10 eV. Therefore a fit for narrow energy gap (0 < 1 eV) and for wide energy gap (E > 1 eV) materials are provided, A corresponding trend and fitting strategy is also demonstrated for the figure of merit (FOM) which is used to rank materials for wavelength conversion efficiency. Results of the analysis are used to estimate the second order nonlinear optical properties and conversion efficiencies of several less-well-known materials, is that ordered GaInP2 would be exceptional as an E-O waveguide material and that the FOM of AgGaTe2 is 3.3 times that of AgGaSe2 and that crystals of HgGa2Se4 and TexSe(1-x) alloys should be of distinct interest as wavelength conversion materials for infrared applications. The maximum attainable X-(2) is in the range of 3500-4000 pm/V for bound electrons. For energy gaps less than one eV, the increase in x((2)) considerably. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. RP Jackson, AG (reprint author), USAF,WRIGHT LAB,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 63 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 38 IS 4 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(97)00017-0 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA XN816 UT WOS:A1997XN81600005 ER PT J AU Markgraf, SJ Wells, JR AF Markgraf, SJ Wells, JR TI The hydroxyl radical reaction rate constants and atmospheric reaction products of three siloxanes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; OH RADICALS; ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS; METHYL NITRITE; KINETICS; NITRATE AB The relative rate technique has been used to measure the hydroxyl radical (OH) reaction rate constant of hexamethyldisiloxane (MM, (CH3)(3)Si-O-Si(CH3)(3)), octamethyltrisiloxane (MDM, (CH3)(3)Si-O-Si(CH3)(2)-O-Si(CH3)(3)), and decamethyltetrasiloxane (MD2M, (CH3)(3)Si-O-Si(CH3)(2)-O-Si(CH3)(2)-O-Si(CH3)(3)). Hexamethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, and decamethyltetrasiloxane react with OH with bimolecular rate constants of 1.32 +/- 0.05 x 10(-12) cm(3)molecule(-1)s(-1). 1.83 +/- 0.09 x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1)s(-1), and 2.66 +/- 0.13 x 10(-12) cm(3)molecule(-1)s(-1), respectively. Investigation of the OH + siloxane reaction products yielded trimethylsilanol, pentamethyldisiloxanol, heptamethyltetrasiloxanol, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and other compounds. Several of these products have not been reported before because these siloxanes and the proposed,reaction mechanisms yielding these products are complicated. Some unusual cyclic siloxane products were observed and their formation pathways are discussed in light of current understanding of siloxane atmospheric chemistry. (C) 1997 John Wiley C Sons, inc. C1 ARMSTRONG LAB,EQL,ENVIRON DIRECTORATE,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. APPL RES ASSOCIATES,GULF COAST DIV,TYNDALL AFB,FL 32403. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 29 IS 6 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1997)29:6<445::AID-KIN6>3.0.CO;2-U PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA XA684 UT WOS:A1997XA68400006 ER PT J AU Houpis, CH AF Houpis, CH TI Special issue: Quantitative feedback theory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material RP Houpis, CH (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 6 BP 513 EP 514 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA XE247 UT WOS:A1997XE24700001 ER PT J AU Houpis, CH Pachter, M AF Houpis, CH Pachter, M TI Application of QFT to control system design - An outline for engineers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE quantitative feedback theory; robust control theory with parametric uncertainty; holistic control design AB Control system design is an interdisciplinary and multistage process, and is not a sub-area of mathematics but rather an engineering endeavour. It behoves the engineer to reduce the real world control task to a tractable mathematical problem. The required simplifying assumptions and the attendant mathematical modelling effort require sound engineering knowledge and judgement. Furthermore, the mathematical solution of the control problem needs to be implemented, and the validity and applicability of the modelling assumptions need to be verified, by the engineer. Hence, in this paper the process of applying the QFT robust control system design method is presented from this broad perspective and it is shown that it is uniquely suited to address and solve engineering control system design problems. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Houpis, CH (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BLDG 640,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 6 BP 515 EP 531 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1239(199706)7:6<515::AID-RNC288>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA XE247 UT WOS:A1997XE24700002 ER PT J AU Houpis, CH Sating, RR AF Houpis, CH Sating, RR TI MIMO QFT CAD package (Version 3) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE quantitative feedback theory; control system design CAD package; robust control theory with parametric uncertainty; multivariable control system design; tracking and regulators AB The MIMO/QFT CAD package is capable of carrying through a multivariable control system robust design, for tracking and the rejection of external disturbance signals, from problem set-up to a frequency domain analysis of the compensated system. The package automates: the selection of the weighting matrix; the discretization of the plants; the formation of the square effective plants; the polynomial matrix inverse required to form the equivalent plants; the generation of templates; the selection of a nominal plant; the generation of stability, tracking, cross-coupling effects, external disturbance rejection, gamma and composite bounds; the loop shaping; and the design of the prefilter elements. This is followed by a frequency-domain analysis of the completed design, and export of this design to the MATLAB SIMULINK(R) toolbox in order to validate the frequency domain design by time-domain simulations. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Houpis, CH (reprint author), USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BLDG 640,2950 P ST,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 6 BP 533 EP 549 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1239(199706)7:6<533::AID-RNC289>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA XE247 UT WOS:A1997XE24700003 ER PT J AU Keating, MS Pachter, M Houpis, CH AF Keating, MS Pachter, M Houpis, CH TI Fault tolerant flight control system: QFT design SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE fault tolerant control system; quantitative feedback theory; robust control theory with parametric uncertainty AB This paper addresses flight control system synthesis and the accommodation of controlled plant variation in an aircraft design envelope by using the frequency domain based quantitative feedback theory (QFT) robust control system design method. Plant variations considered include varying flight conditions in the flight envelope and damage to aerodynamic control surfaces. A robust flight control system is designed for the aircraft's longitudinal and lateral directional channels and validated with simulations containing nonlinear saturation elements. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 6 BP 551 EP 559 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1239(199706)7:6<551::AID-RNC290>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA XE247 UT WOS:A1997XE24700004 ER PT J AU Pachter, M Houpis, CH Trosen, DW AF Pachter, M Houpis, CH Trosen, DW TI Design of an air-to-air automatic refueling flight control system using quantitative feedback theory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE quantitative feedback theory; robust control theory with parametric uncertainty; multivariable regulating control system design; formation flying AB Quantitative feedback theory is developed for the design of an automatic station-keeping flight control system to regulate the position of an aircraft receiving fuel relative to the tanker aircraft during air-to-air refueling. A robust flight control system is designed for automating the station-keeping task. A simple outer loop feedback control system is developed that achieves stable position regulation in the presence of wind gusts and fuel transfer related disturbances. The modelling and analysis clearly show the usefulness of QFT in the design of flight control systems for aircraft with large structured parametric uncertainty, Linear and nonlinear simulations are performed to validate the design. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USAF,INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 6 BP 561 EP 580 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA XE247 UT WOS:A1997XE24700005 ER EF